#
BERT

##
개요

BERT 모델은 Jacob Devlin. Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, Kristina Touranova가 제안한 논문 BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding에서 소개되었습니다. BERT는 사전 학습된 양방향 트랜스포머로, Toronto Book Corpus와 Wikipedia로 구성된 대규모 코퍼스에서 마스킹된 언어 모델링과 다음 문장 예측(Next Sentence Prediction) 목표를 결합해 학습되었습니다.

해당 논문의 초록입니다:

우리는 BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)라는 새로운 언어 표현 모델을 소개합니다. 최근의 다른 언어 표현 모델들과 달리, BERT는 모든 계층에서 양방향으로 양쪽 문맥을 조건으로 사용하여 비지도 학습된 텍스트에서 깊이 있는 양방향 표현을 사전 학습하도록 설계되었습니다. 그 결과, 사전 학습된 BERT 모델은 추가적인 출력 계층 하나만으로 질문 응답, 언어 추론과 같은 다양한 작업에서 미세 조정될 수 있으므로, 특정 작업을 위해 아키텍처를 수정할 필요가 없습니다.

BERT는 개념적으로 단순하면서도 실증적으로 강력한 모델입니다. BERT는 11개의 자연어 처리 과제에서 새로운 최고 성능을 달성했으며, GLUE 점수를 80.5% (7.7% 포인트 절대 개선)로, MultiNLI 정확도를 86.7% (4.6% 포인트 절대 개선), SQuAD v1.1 질문 응답 테스트에서 F1 점수를 93.2 (1.5% 포인트 절대 개선)로, SQuAD v2.0에서 F1 점수를 83.1 (5.1% 포인트 절대 개선)로 향상시켰습니다.

이 모델은 thomwolf가 기여하였습니다. 원본 코드는 여기에서 확인할 수 있습니다.

##
사용 팁

- BERT는 절대 위치 임베딩을 사용하는 모델이므로 입력을 왼쪽이 아니라 오른쪽에서 패딩하는 것이 일반적으로 권장됩니다.

- BERT는 마스킹된 언어 모델(MLM)과 Next Sentence Prediction(NSP) 목표로 학습되었습니다. 이는 마스킹된 토큰 예측과 전반적인 자연어 이해(NLU)에 뛰어나지만, 텍스트 생성에는 최적화되어있지 않습니다.

- BERT의 사전 학습 과정에서는 입력 데이터를 무작위로 마스킹하여 일부 토큰을 마스킹합니다. 전체 토큰 중 약 15%가 다음과 같은 방식으로 마스킹됩니다:

  - 80% 확률로 마스크 토큰으로 대체
  - 10% 확률로 임의의 다른 토큰으로 대체
  - 10% 확률로 원래 토큰 그대로 유지

- 모델의 주요 목표는 원본 문장을 예측하는 것이지만, 두 번째 목표가 있습니다: 입력으로 문장 A와 B (사이에는 구분 토큰이 있음)가 주어집니다. 이 문장 쌍이 연속될 확률은 50%이며, 나머지 50%는 서로 무관한 문장들입니다. 모델은 이 두 문장이 아닌지를 예측해야 합니다.

###
Scaled Dot Product Attention(SDPA) 사용하기

Pytorch는 `torch.nn.functional`의 일부로 Scaled Dot Product Attention(SDPA) 연산자를 기본적으로 제공합니다. 이 함수는 입력과 하드웨어에 따라 여러 구현 방식을 사용할 수 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 공식 문서나 GPU Inference에서 확인할 수 있습니다.

`torch>=2.1.1`에서는 구현이 가능한 경우 SDPA가 기본적으로 사용되지만, `from_pretrained()`함수에서 `attn_implementation="sdpa"`를 설정하여 SDPA를 명시적으로 사용하도록 지정할 수도 있습니다.

    from transformers import BertModel

    model = BertModel.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased", torch_dtype=torch.float16, attn_implementation="sdpa")
    ...

최적 성능 향상을 위해 모델을 반정밀도(예: `torch.float16` 또는 `torch.bfloat16`)로 불러오는 것을 권장합니다.

로컬 벤치마크 (A100-80GB, CPUx12, RAM 96.6GB, PyTorch 2.2.0, OS Ubuntu 22.04)에서 `float16`을 사용해 학습 및 추론을 수행한 결과, 다음과 같은 속도 향상이 관찰되었습니다.

####
학습

batch_size | seq_len | Time per batch (eager - s) | Time per batch (sdpa - s) | Speedup (%) | Eager peak mem (MB) | sdpa peak mem (MB) | Mem saving (%)
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
4 | 256 | 0.023 | 0.017 | 35.472 | 939.213 | 764.834 | 22.800
4 | 512 | 0.023 | 0.018 | 23.687 | 1970.447 | 1227.162 | 60.569
8 | 256 | 0.023 | 0.018 | 23.491 | 1594.295 | 1226.114 | 30.028
8 | 512 | 0.035 | 0.025 | 43.058 | 3629.401 | 2134.262 | 70.054
16 | 256 | 0.030 | 0.024 | 25.583 | 2874.426 | 2134.262 | 34.680
16 | 512 | 0.064 | 0.044 | 46.223 | 6964.659 | 3961.013 | 75.830

####
추론

batch_size | seq_len | Per token latency eager (ms) | Per token latency SDPA (ms) | Speedup (%) | Mem eager (MB) | Mem BT (MB) | Mem saved (%)
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | 128 | 5.736 | 4.987 | 15.022 | 282.661 | 282.924 | -0.093
1 | 256 | 5.689 | 4.945 | 15.055 | 298.686 | 298.948 | -0.088
2 | 128 | 6.154 | 4.982 | 23.521 | 314.523 | 314.785 | -0.083
2 | 256 | 6.201 | 4.949 | 25.303 | 347.546 | 347.033 | 0.148
4 | 128 | 6.049 | 4.987 | 21.305 | 378.895 | 379.301 | -0.107
4 | 256 | 6.285 | 5.364 | 17.166 | 443.209 | 444.382 | -0.264

##
자료

BERT를 시작하는 데 도움이 되는 Hugging Face와 community 자료 목록(🌎로 표시됨) 입니다. 여기에 포함될 자료를 제출하고 싶다면 PR(Pull Request)를 열어주세요. 리뷰 해드리겠습니다! 자료는 기존 자료를 복제하는 대신 새로운 내용을 담고 있어야 합니다.

Text Classification

- BERT 텍스트 분류 (다른 언어로)에 대한 블로그 포스트.
- 다중 레이블 텍스트 분류를 위한 BERT (및 관련 모델) 미세 조정에 대한 노트북.
- PyTorch를 이용해 BERT를 다중 레이블 분류를 위해 미세 조정하는 방법에 대한 노트북. 🌎
- BERT로 EncoderDecoder 모델을 warm-start하여 요약하기에 대한 노트북.
- BertForSequenceClassification이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- TFBertForSequenceClassification이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- FlaxBertForSequenceClassification이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- 텍스트 분류 작업 가이드

Token Classification

- Keras와 함께 Hugging Face Transformers를 사용하여 비영리 BERT를 개체명 인식(NER)용으로 미세 조정하는 방법에 대한 블로그 포스트.
- BERT를 개체명 인식을 위해 미세 조정하기에 대한 노트북. 각 단어의 첫 번째 wordpiece에만 레이블을 지정하여 학습하는 방법을 설명합니다. 모든 wordpiece에 레이블을 전파하는 방법은 이 버전에서 확인할 수 있습니다.
- BertForTokenClassification이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- TFBertForTokenClassification이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- FlaxBertForTokenClassification이 예제 스크립트에서 지원됩니다.
- 🤗 Hugging Face 코스의 토큰 분류 챕터.
- 토큰 분류 작업 가이드

Fill-Mask

- BertForMaskedLM이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- TFBertForMaskedLM이 예제 스크립트 와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- FlaxBertForMaskedLM이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- 🤗 Hugging Face 코스의 마스킹된 언어 모델링 챕터.
- 마스킹된 언어 모델링 작업 가이드

Question Answering

- BertForQuestionAnswering이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- TFBertForQuestionAnswering이 예제 스크립트 와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- FlaxBertForQuestionAnswering이 예제 스크립트에서 지원됩니다.
- 🤗 Hugging Face 코스의 질문 답변 챕터.
- 질문 답변 작업 가이드

다중 선택

- BertForMultipleChoice이 예제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- TFBertForMultipleChoice이 에제 스크립트와 노트북에서 지원됩니다.
- 다중 선택 작업 가이드

⚡️ 추론

- Hugging Face Transformers와 AWS Inferentia를 사용하여 BERT 추론을 가속화하는 방법에 대한 블로그 포스트.
- GPU에서 DeepSpeed-Inference로 BERT 추론을 가속화하는 방법에 대한 블로그 포스트.

⚙️ 사전 학습

- Hugging Face Optimum으로 Transformers를 ONMX로 변환하는 방법에 대한 블로그 포스트.

🚀 배포

- Hugging Face Optimum으로 Transformers를 ONMX로 변환하는 방법에 대한 블로그 포스트.
- AWS에서 Hugging Face Transformers를 위한 Habana Gaudi 딥러닝 환경 설정 방법에 대한 블로그 포스트.
- Hugging Face Transformers, Amazon SageMaker 및 Terraform 모듈을 이용한 BERT 자동 확장에 대한 블로그 포스트.
- Hugging Face, AWS Lambda, Docker를 활용하여 서버리스 BERT 설정하는 방법에 대한 블로그 포스트.
- Amazon SageMaker와 Training Compiler를 사용하여 Hugging Face Transformers에서 BERT 미세 조정하는 방법에 대한 블로그.
- Amazon SageMaker를 사용한 Transformers와 BERT의 작업별 지식 증류에 대한 블로그 포스트.

##
BertConfig

###
class transformers.BertConfig

< source >

( vocab_size = 30522 hidden_size = 768 num_hidden_layers = 12 num_attention_heads = 12 intermediate_size = 3072 hidden_act = 'gelu' hidden_dropout_prob = 0.1 attention_probs_dropout_prob = 0.1 max_position_embeddings = 512 type_vocab_size = 2 initializer_range = 0.02 layer_norm_eps = 1e-12 pad_token_id = 0 position_embedding_type = 'absolute' use_cache = True classifier_dropout = None **kwargs )

Parameters

- vocab_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 30522) — Vocabulary size of the BERT model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by the `inputs_ids` passed when calling BertModel or TFBertModel.
- hidden_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 768) — Dimensionality of the encoder layers and the pooler layer.
- num_hidden_layers (`int`, optional, defaults to 12) — Number of hidden layers in the Transformer encoder.
- num_attention_heads (`int`, optional, defaults to 12) — Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
- intermediate_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 3072) — Dimensionality of the “intermediate” (often named feed-forward) layer in the Transformer encoder.
- hidden_act (`str` or `Callable`, optional, defaults to `"gelu"`) — The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the encoder and pooler. If string, `"gelu"`, `"relu"`, `"silu"` and `"gelu_new"` are supported.
- hidden_dropout_prob (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.1) — The dropout probability for all fully connected layers in the embeddings, encoder, and pooler.
- attention_probs_dropout_prob (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.1) — The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities.
- max_position_embeddings (`int`, optional, defaults to 512) — The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with. Typically set this to something large just in case (e.g., 512 or 1024 or 2048).
- type_vocab_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 2) — The vocabulary size of the `token_type_ids` passed when calling BertModel or TFBertModel.
- initializer_range (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.02) — The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
- layer_norm_eps (`float`, optional, defaults to 1e-12) — The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.
- position_embedding_type (`str`, optional, defaults to `"absolute"`) — Type of position embedding. Choose one of `"absolute"`, `"relative_key"`, `"relative_key_query"`. For positional embeddings use `"absolute"`. For more information on `"relative_key"`, please refer to Self-Attention with Relative Position Representations (Shaw et al.). For more information on `"relative_key_query"`, please refer to Method 4 in Improve Transformer Models with Better Relative Position Embeddings (Huang et al.).
- is_decoder (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False`) — Whether the model is used as a decoder or not. If `False`, the model is used as an encoder.
- use_cache (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not the model should return the last key/values attentions (not used by all models). Only relevant if `config.is_decoder=True`.
- classifier_dropout (`float`, optional) — The dropout ratio for the classification head.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a BertModel or a TFBertModel. It is used to instantiate a BERT model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the BERT google-bert/bert-base-uncased architecture.

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Examples:

    >>> from transformers import BertConfig, BertModel

    >>> # Initializing a BERT google-bert/bert-base-uncased style configuration
    >>> configuration = BertConfig()

    >>> # Initializing a model (with random weights) from the google-bert/bert-base-uncased style configuration
    >>> model = BertModel(configuration)

    >>> # Accessing the model configuration
    >>> configuration = model.config

##
BertTokenizer

###
class transformers.BertTokenizer

< source >

( vocab_file do_lower_case = True do_basic_tokenize = True never_split = None unk_token = '[UNK]' sep_token = '[SEP]' pad_token = '[PAD]' cls_token = '[CLS]' mask_token = '[MASK]' tokenize_chinese_chars = True strip_accents = None clean_up_tokenization_spaces = True **kwargs )

Parameters

- vocab_file (`str`) — File containing the vocabulary.
- do_lower_case (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not to lowercase the input when tokenizing.
- do_basic_tokenize (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not to do basic tokenization before WordPiece.
- never_split (`Iterable`, optional) — Collection of tokens which will never be split during tokenization. Only has an effect when `do_basic_tokenize=True`
- unk_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[UNK]"`) — The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.
- sep_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[SEP]"`) — The separator token, which is used when building a sequence from multiple sequences, e.g. two sequences for sequence classification or for a text and a question for question answering. It is also used as the last token of a sequence built with special tokens.
- pad_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[PAD]"`) — The token used for padding, for example when batching sequences of different lengths.
- cls_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[CLS]"`) — The classifier token which is used when doing sequence classification (classification of the whole sequence instead of per-token classification). It is the first token of the sequence when built with special tokens.
- mask_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[MASK]"`) — The token used for masking values. This is the token used when training this model with masked language modeling. This is the token which the model will try to predict.
- tokenize_chinese_chars (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not to tokenize Chinese characters.

  This should likely be deactivated for Japanese (see this issue).

- strip_accents (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to strip all accents. If this option is not specified, then it will be determined by the value for `lowercase` (as in the original BERT).
- clean_up_tokenization_spaces (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not to cleanup spaces after decoding, cleanup consists in removing potential artifacts like extra spaces.

Construct a BERT tokenizer. Based on WordPiece.

This tokenizer inherits from `PreTrainedTokenizer` which contains most of the main methods. Users should refer to this superclass for more information regarding those methods.

####
build_inputs_with_special_tokens

< source >

( token_ids_0: typing.List[int] token_ids_1: typing.Optional[typing.List[int]] = None ) →
`List[int]`

Parameters

- token_ids_0 (`List[int]`) — List of IDs to which the special tokens will be added.
- token_ids_1 (`List[int]`, optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

`List[int]`

List of input IDs with the appropriate special tokens.

Build model inputs from a sequence or a pair of sequence for sequence classification tasks by concatenating and adding special tokens. A BERT sequence has the following format:

- single sequence: `[CLS] X [SEP]`
- pair of sequences: `[CLS] A [SEP] B [SEP]`

####
get_special_tokens_mask

< source >

( token_ids_0: typing.List[int] token_ids_1: typing.Optional[typing.List[int]] = None already_has_special_tokens: bool = False ) →
`List[int]`

Parameters

- token_ids_0 (`List[int]`) — List of IDs.
- token_ids_1 (`List[int]`, optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.
- already_has_special_tokens (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False`) — Whether or not the token list is already formatted with special tokens for the model.

Returns

`List[int]`

A list of integers in the range [0, 1]: 1 for a special token, 0 for a sequence token.

Retrieve sequence ids from a token list that has no special tokens added. This method is called when adding special tokens using the tokenizer `prepare_for_model` method.

####
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences

< source >

( token_ids_0: typing.List[int] token_ids_1: typing.Optional[typing.List[int]] = None ) →
`List[int]`

Parameters

- token_ids_0 (`List[int]`) — List of IDs.
- token_ids_1 (`List[int]`, optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

`List[int]`

List of token type IDs according to the given sequence(s).

Create a mask from the two sequences passed to be used in a sequence-pair classification task. A BERT sequence

pair mask has the following format:

    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
    | first sequence    | second sequence |

If `token_ids_1` is `None`, this method only returns the first portion of the mask (0s).

####
save_vocabulary

< source >

( save_directory: str filename_prefix: typing.Optional[str] = None )

Pytorch
Hide Pytorch content

##
BertTokenizerFast

###
class transformers.BertTokenizerFast

< source >

( vocab_file = None tokenizer_file = None do_lower_case = True unk_token = '[UNK]' sep_token = '[SEP]' pad_token = '[PAD]' cls_token = '[CLS]' mask_token = '[MASK]' tokenize_chinese_chars = True strip_accents = None **kwargs )

Parameters

- vocab_file (`str`) — File containing the vocabulary.
- do_lower_case (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not to lowercase the input when tokenizing.
- unk_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[UNK]"`) — The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.
- sep_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[SEP]"`) — The separator token, which is used when building a sequence from multiple sequences, e.g. two sequences for sequence classification or for a text and a question for question answering. It is also used as the last token of a sequence built with special tokens.
- pad_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[PAD]"`) — The token used for padding, for example when batching sequences of different lengths.
- cls_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[CLS]"`) — The classifier token which is used when doing sequence classification (classification of the whole sequence instead of per-token classification). It is the first token of the sequence when built with special tokens.
- mask_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[MASK]"`) — The token used for masking values. This is the token used when training this model with masked language modeling. This is the token which the model will try to predict.
- clean_text (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not to clean the text before tokenization by removing any control characters and replacing all whitespaces by the classic one.
- tokenize_chinese_chars (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not to tokenize Chinese characters. This should likely be deactivated for Japanese (see this issue).
- strip_accents (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to strip all accents. If this option is not specified, then it will be determined by the value for `lowercase` (as in the original BERT).
- wordpieces_prefix (`str`, optional, defaults to `"##"`) — The prefix for subwords.

Construct a “fast” BERT tokenizer (backed by HuggingFace’s tokenizers library). Based on WordPiece.

This tokenizer inherits from `PreTrainedTokenizerFast` which contains most of the main methods. Users should refer to this superclass for more information regarding those methods.

####
build_inputs_with_special_tokens

< source >

( token_ids_0 token_ids_1 = None ) →
`List[int]`

Parameters

- token_ids_0 (`List[int]`) — List of IDs to which the special tokens will be added.
- token_ids_1 (`List[int]`, optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

`List[int]`

List of input IDs with the appropriate special tokens.

Build model inputs from a sequence or a pair of sequence for sequence classification tasks by concatenating and adding special tokens. A BERT sequence has the following format:

- single sequence: `[CLS] X [SEP]`
- pair of sequences: `[CLS] A [SEP] B [SEP]`

####
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences

< source >

( token_ids_0: typing.List[int] token_ids_1: typing.Optional[typing.List[int]] = None ) →
`List[int]`

Parameters

- token_ids_0 (`List[int]`) — List of IDs.
- token_ids_1 (`List[int]`, optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

`List[int]`

List of token type IDs according to the given sequence(s).

Create a mask from the two sequences passed to be used in a sequence-pair classification task. A BERT sequence

pair mask has the following format:

    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
    | first sequence    | second sequence |

If `token_ids_1` is `None`, this method only returns the first portion of the mask (0s).

TensorFlow
Hide TensorFlow content

##
TFBertTokenizer

###
class transformers.TFBertTokenizer

< source >

( vocab_list: typing.List do_lower_case: bool cls_token_id: int = None sep_token_id: int = None pad_token_id: int = None padding: str = 'longest' truncation: bool = True max_length: int = 512 pad_to_multiple_of: int = None return_token_type_ids: bool = True return_attention_mask: bool = True use_fast_bert_tokenizer: bool = True **tokenizer_kwargs )

Parameters

- vocab_list (`list`) — List containing the vocabulary.
- do_lower_case (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not to lowercase the input when tokenizing.
- cls_token_id (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[CLS]"`) — The classifier token which is used when doing sequence classification (classification of the whole sequence instead of per-token classification). It is the first token of the sequence when built with special tokens.
- sep_token_id (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[SEP]"`) — The separator token, which is used when building a sequence from multiple sequences, e.g. two sequences for sequence classification or for a text and a question for question answering. It is also used as the last token of a sequence built with special tokens.
- pad_token_id (`str`, optional, defaults to `"[PAD]"`) — The token used for padding, for example when batching sequences of different lengths.
- padding (`str`, defaults to `"longest"`) — The type of padding to use. Can be either `"longest"`, to pad only up to the longest sample in the batch, or `“max_length”, to pad all inputs to the maximum length supported by the tokenizer.
- truncation (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to truncate the sequence to the maximum length.
- max_length (`int`, optional, defaults to `512`) — The maximum length of the sequence, used for padding (if `padding` is “max_length”) and/or truncation (if `truncation` is `True`).
- pad_to_multiple_of (`int`, optional, defaults to `None`) — If set, the sequence will be padded to a multiple of this value.
- return_token_type_ids (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to return token_type_ids.
- return_attention_mask (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to return the attention_mask.
- use_fast_bert_tokenizer (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — If True, will use the FastBertTokenizer class from Tensorflow Text. If False, will use the BertTokenizer class instead. BertTokenizer supports some additional options, but is slower and cannot be exported to TFLite.

This is an in-graph tokenizer for BERT. It should be initialized similarly to other tokenizers, using the `from_pretrained()` method. It can also be initialized with the `from_tokenizer()` method, which imports settings from an existing standard tokenizer object.

In-graph tokenizers, unlike other Hugging Face tokenizers, are actually Keras layers and are designed to be run when the model is called, rather than during preprocessing. As a result, they have somewhat more limited options than standard tokenizer classes. They are most useful when you want to create an end-to-end model that goes straight from `tf.string` inputs to outputs.

####
from_pretrained

< source >

( pretrained_model_name_or_path: typing.Union[str, os.PathLike] *init_inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- pretrained_model_name_or_path (`str` or `os.PathLike`) — The name or path to the pre-trained tokenizer.

Instantiate a `TFBertTokenizer` from a pre-trained tokenizer.

Examples:

    from transformers import TFBertTokenizer

    tf_tokenizer = TFBertTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

####
from_tokenizer

< source >

( tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizerBase **kwargs )

Parameters

- tokenizer (`PreTrainedTokenizerBase`) — The tokenizer to use to initialize the `TFBertTokenizer`.

Initialize a `TFBertTokenizer` from an existing `Tokenizer`.

Examples:

    from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertTokenizer

    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    tf_tokenizer = TFBertTokenizer.from_tokenizer(tokenizer)

##
Bert specific outputs

###
class transformers.models.bert.modeling_bert.BertForPreTrainingOutput

< source >

( loss: typing.Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None prediction_logits: FloatTensor = None seq_relationship_logits: FloatTensor = None hidden_states: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None attentions: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None )

Parameters

- loss (optional, returned when `labels` is provided, `torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`) — Total loss as the sum of the masked language modeling loss and the next sequence prediction (classification) loss.
- prediction_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
- seq_relationship_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).
- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Output type of BertForPreTraining.

###
class transformers.models.bert.modeling_tf_bert.TFBertForPreTrainingOutput

< source >

( loss: tf.Tensor | None = None prediction_logits: tf.Tensor = None seq_relationship_logits: tf.Tensor = None hidden_states: Optional[Union[Tuple[tf.Tensor], tf.Tensor]] = None attentions: Optional[Union[Tuple[tf.Tensor], tf.Tensor]] = None )

Parameters

- prediction_logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
- seq_relationship_logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).
- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Output type of TFBertForPreTraining.

###
class transformers.models.bert.modeling_flax_bert.FlaxBertForPreTrainingOutput

< source >

( prediction_logits: Array = None seq_relationship_logits: Array = None hidden_states: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[jax.Array]] = None attentions: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[jax.Array]] = None )

Parameters

- prediction_logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
- seq_relationship_logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).
- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Output type of BertForPreTraining.

####
replace

< source >

( **updates )

“Returns a new object replacing the specified fields with new values.

Pytorch
Hide Pytorch content

##
BertModel

###
class transformers.BertModel

< source >

( config add_pooling_layer = True )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The bare Bert Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

The model can behave as an encoder (with only self-attention) as well as a decoder, in which case a layer of cross-attention is added between the self-attention layers, following the architecture described in Attention is all you need by Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser and Illia Polosukhin.

To behave as an decoder the model needs to be initialized with the `is_decoder` argument of the configuration set to `True`. To be used in a Seq2Seq model, the model needs to initialized with both `is_decoder` argument and `add_cross_attention` set to `True`; an `encoder_hidden_states` is then expected as an input to the forward pass.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None encoder_hidden_states: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None encoder_attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None past_key_values: typing.Optional[typing.List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None use_cache: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder.
- encoder_attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)` or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on the padding token indices of the encoder input. This mask is used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.
- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))` of length `config.n_layers` with each tuple having 4 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length - 1, embed_size_per_head)`) — Contains precomputed key and value hidden states of the attention blocks. Can be used to speed up decoding.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

- pooler_output (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, hidden_size)`) — Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) after further processing through the layers used for the auxiliary pretraining task. E.g. for BERT-family of models, this returns the classification token after processing through a linear layer and a tanh activation function. The linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during pretraining.

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

- cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` and `config.add_cross_attention=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights of the decoder’s cross-attention layer, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`) and optionally if `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` 2 additional tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`.

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and optionally if `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

The BertModel forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertModel
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = BertModel.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state

##
BertForPreTraining

###
class transformers.BertForPreTraining

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with two heads on top as done during the pretraining: a `masked language modeling` head and a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None next_sentence_label: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.models.bert.modeling_bert.BertForPreTrainingOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`
- next_sentence_label (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the next sequence prediction (classification) loss. Input should be a sequence pair (see `input_ids` docstring) Indices should be in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 indicates sequence B is a continuation of sequence A,
  - 1 indicates sequence B is a random sequence.
- kwargs (`Dict[str, any]`, optional, defaults to `{}`) — Used to hide legacy arguments that have been deprecated.

Returns

transformers.models.bert.modeling_bert.BertForPreTrainingOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.models.bert.modeling_bert.BertForPreTrainingOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (optional, returned when `labels` is provided, `torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`) — Total loss as the sum of the masked language modeling loss and the next sequence prediction (classification) loss.

- prediction_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- seq_relationship_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The BertForPreTraining forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertForPreTraining
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = BertForPreTraining.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> prediction_logits = outputs.prediction_logits
    >>> seq_relationship_logits = outputs.seq_relationship_logits

##
BertLMHeadModel

###
class transformers.BertLMHeadModel

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a `language modeling` head on top for CLM fine-tuning.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None encoder_hidden_states: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None encoder_attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None past_key_values: typing.Optional[typing.List[torch.Tensor]] = None use_cache: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None **loss_kwargs ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder.
- encoder_attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on the padding token indices of the encoder input. This mask is used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.
- labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for computing the left-to-right language modeling loss (next word prediction). Indices should be in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels n `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`
- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))` of length `config.n_layers` with each tuple having 4 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length - 1, embed_size_per_head)`) — Contains precomputed key and value hidden states of the attention blocks. Can be used to speed up decoding.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

- cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Cross attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` tuples of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple containing the cached key, value states of the self-attention and the cross-attention layers if model is used in encoder-decoder setting. Only relevant if `config.is_decoder = True`.

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

The BertLMHeadModel forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> import torch
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertLMHeadModel

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = BertLMHeadModel.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs, labels=inputs["input_ids"])
    >>> loss = outputs.loss
    >>> logits = outputs.logits

##
BertForMaskedLM

###
class transformers.BertForMaskedLM

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a `language modeling` head on top.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None encoder_hidden_states: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None encoder_attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Masked language modeling (MLM) loss.

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The BertForMaskedLM forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertForMaskedLM
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = BertForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("The capital of France is [MASK].", return_tensors="pt")

    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> # retrieve index of [MASK]
    >>> mask_token_index = (inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[0].nonzero(as_tuple=True)[0]

    >>> predicted_token_id = logits[0, mask_token_index].argmax(axis=-1)
    >>> tokenizer.decode(predicted_token_id)
    'paris'

    >>> labels = tokenizer("The capital of France is Paris.", return_tensors="pt")["input_ids"]
    >>> # mask labels of non-[MASK] tokens
    >>> labels = torch.where(inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id, labels, -100)

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs, labels=labels)
    >>> round(outputs.loss.item(), 2)
    0.88

##
BertForNextSentencePrediction

###
class transformers.BertForNextSentencePrediction

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head on top.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None **kwargs ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the next sequence prediction (classification) loss. Input should be a sequence pair (see `input_ids` docstring). Indices should be in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 indicates sequence B is a continuation of sequence A,
  - 1 indicates sequence B is a random sequence.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `next_sentence_label` is provided) — Next sequence prediction (classification) loss.

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The BertForNextSentencePrediction forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertForNextSentencePrediction
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = BertForNextSentencePrediction.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
    >>> next_sentence = "The sky is blue due to the shorter wavelength of blue light."
    >>> encoding = tokenizer(prompt, next_sentence, return_tensors="pt")

    >>> outputs = model(**encoding, labels=torch.LongTensor([1]))
    >>> logits = outputs.logits
    >>> assert logits[0, 0] < logits[0, 1]  # next sentence was random

##
BertForSequenceClassification

###
class transformers.BertForSequenceClassification

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.num_labels)`) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The BertForSequenceClassification forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example of single-label classification:

    >>> import torch
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertForSequenceClassification

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("textattack/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity")
    >>> model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("textattack/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> predicted_class_id = logits.argmax().item()
    >>> model.config.id2label[predicted_class_id]
    'LABEL_1'

    >>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
    >>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
    >>> model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("textattack/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity", num_labels=num_labels)

    >>> labels = torch.tensor([1])
    >>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
    >>> round(loss.item(), 2)
    0.01

Example of multi-label classification:

    >>> import torch
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertForSequenceClassification

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("textattack/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity")
    >>> model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("textattack/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity", problem_type="multi_label_classification")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> predicted_class_ids = torch.arange(0, logits.shape[-1])[torch.sigmoid(logits).squeeze(dim=0) > 0.5]

    >>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
    >>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
    >>> model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
    ...     "textattack/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity", num_labels=num_labels, problem_type="multi_label_classification"
    ... )

    >>> labels = torch.sum(
    ...     torch.nn.functional.one_hot(predicted_class_ids[None, :].clone(), num_classes=num_labels), dim=1
    ... ).to(torch.float)
    >>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss

##
BertForMultipleChoice

###
class transformers.BertForMultipleChoice

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a multiple choice classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output and a softmax) e.g. for RocStories/SWAG tasks.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the multiple choice classification loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., num_choices-1]` where `num_choices` is the size of the second dimension of the input tensors. (See `input_ids` above)

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape (1,), optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification loss.

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices)`) — num_choices is the second dimension of the input tensors. (see input_ids above).

  Classification scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The BertForMultipleChoice forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertForMultipleChoice
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = BertForMultipleChoice.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
    >>> choice0 = "It is eaten with a fork and a knife."
    >>> choice1 = "It is eaten while held in the hand."
    >>> labels = torch.tensor(0).unsqueeze(0)  # choice0 is correct (according to Wikipedia ;)), batch size 1

    >>> encoding = tokenizer([prompt, prompt], [choice0, choice1], return_tensors="pt", padding=True)
    >>> outputs = model(**{k: v.unsqueeze(0) for k, v in encoding.items()}, labels=labels)  # batch size is 1

    >>> # the linear classifier still needs to be trained
    >>> loss = outputs.loss
    >>> logits = outputs.logits

##
BertForTokenClassification

###
class transformers.BertForTokenClassification

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for computing the token classification loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification loss.

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)`) — Classification scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The BertForTokenClassification forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertForTokenClassification
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("dbmdz/bert-large-cased-finetuned-conll03-english")
    >>> model = BertForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("dbmdz/bert-large-cased-finetuned-conll03-english")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer(
    ...     "HuggingFace is a company based in Paris and New York", add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="pt"
    ... )

    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> predicted_token_class_ids = logits.argmax(-1)

    >>> # Note that tokens are classified rather then input words which means that
    >>> # there might be more predicted token classes than words.
    >>> # Multiple token classes might account for the same word
    >>> predicted_tokens_classes = [model.config.id2label[t.item()] for t in predicted_token_class_ids[0]]
    >>> predicted_tokens_classes
    ['O', 'I-ORG', 'I-ORG', 'I-ORG', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'I-LOC', 'O', 'I-LOC', 'I-LOC']

    >>> labels = predicted_token_class_ids
    >>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
    >>> round(loss.item(), 2)
    0.01

##
BertForQuestionAnswering

###
class transformers.BertForQuestionAnswering

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layers on top of the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`).

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None token_type_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None start_positions: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None end_positions: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`or `(batch_size, sequence_length, target_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- start_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
- end_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Total span extraction loss is the sum of a Cross-Entropy for the start and end positions.

- start_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-start scores (before SoftMax).

- end_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-end scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The BertForQuestionAnswering forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, BertForQuestionAnswering
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("deepset/bert-base-cased-squad2")
    >>> model = BertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("deepset/bert-base-cased-squad2")

    >>> question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"

    >>> inputs = tokenizer(question, text, return_tensors="pt")
    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> answer_start_index = outputs.start_logits.argmax()
    >>> answer_end_index = outputs.end_logits.argmax()

    >>> predict_answer_tokens = inputs.input_ids[0, answer_start_index : answer_end_index + 1]
    >>> tokenizer.decode(predict_answer_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
    'a nice puppet'

    >>> # target is "nice puppet"
    >>> target_start_index = torch.tensor([14])
    >>> target_end_index = torch.tensor([15])

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs, start_positions=target_start_index, end_positions=target_end_index)
    >>> loss = outputs.loss
    >>> round(loss.item(), 2)
    7.41

TensorFlow
Hide TensorFlow content

##
TFBertModel

###
class transformers.TFBertModel

< source >

( config: BertConfig add_pooling_layer: bool = True *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The bare Bert Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in `transformers` accept two formats as input:

- having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
- having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like `model.fit()` things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that `model.fit()` supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like `fit()` and `predict()`, such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras `Functional` API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

- a single Tensor with `input_ids` only and nothing else: `model(input_ids)`
- a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: `model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or `model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
- a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: `model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})`

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None encoder_hidden_states: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None encoder_attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[Union[np.ndarray, tf.Tensor]]]] = None use_cache: Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) →
transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`np.ndarray`, `tf.Tensor`, `List[tf.Tensor]` ``Dict[str, tf.Tensor]` or `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` and each example must have the shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
- training (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False“) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
- encoder_hidden_states (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder.
- encoder_attention_mask (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on the padding token indices of the encoder input. This mask is used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.
- past_key_values (`Tuple[Tuple[tf.Tensor]]` of length `config.n_layers`) — contains precomputed key and value hidden states of the attention blocks. Can be used to speed up decoding. If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
- use_cache (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`). Set to `False` during training, `True` during generation

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- last_hidden_state (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

- pooler_output (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, hidden_size)`) — Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) further processed by a Linear layer and a Tanh activation function. The Linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during pretraining.

  This output is usually not a good summary of the semantic content of the input, you’re often better with averaging or pooling the sequence of hidden-states for the whole input sequence.

- past_key_values (`List[tf.Tensor]`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — List of `tf.Tensor` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tensor of shape `(2, batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`).

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

- cross_attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights of the decoder’s cross-attention layer, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.

The TFBertModel forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertModel
    >>> import tensorflow as tf

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = TFBertModel.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="tf")
    >>> outputs = model(inputs)

    >>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state

##
TFBertForPreTraining

###
class transformers.TFBertForPreTraining

< source >

( config: BertConfig *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with two heads on top as done during the pretraining: a `masked language modeling` head and a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in `transformers` accept two formats as input:

- having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
- having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like `model.fit()` things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that `model.fit()` supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like `fit()` and `predict()`, such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras `Functional` API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

- a single Tensor with `input_ids` only and nothing else: `model(input_ids)`
- a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: `model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or `model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
- a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: `model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})`

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None next_sentence_label: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) →
transformers.models.bert.modeling_tf_bert.TFBertForPreTrainingOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`np.ndarray`, `tf.Tensor`, `List[tf.Tensor]` ``Dict[str, tf.Tensor]` or `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` and each example must have the shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
- training (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False“) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
- labels (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`
- next_sentence_label (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the next sequence prediction (classification) loss. Input should be a sequence pair (see `input_ids` docstring) Indices should be in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 indicates sequence B is a continuation of sequence A,
  - 1 indicates sequence B is a random sequence.
- kwargs (`Dict[str, any]`, optional, defaults to `{}`) — Used to hide legacy arguments that have been deprecated.

Returns

transformers.models.bert.modeling_tf_bert.TFBertForPreTrainingOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.models.bert.modeling_tf_bert.TFBertForPreTrainingOutput or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- prediction_logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- seq_relationship_logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFBertForPreTraining forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

    >>> import tensorflow as tf
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertForPreTraining

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = TFBertForPreTraining.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> input_ids = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", add_special_tokens=True, return_tensors="tf")
    >>> # Batch size 1

    >>> outputs = model(input_ids)
    >>> prediction_logits, seq_relationship_logits = outputs[:2]

##
TFBertModelLMHeadModel

###
class transformers.TFBertLMHeadModel

< source >

( config: BertConfig *inputs **kwargs )

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None encoder_hidden_states: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None encoder_attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[Union[np.ndarray, tf.Tensor]]]] = None use_cache: Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False **kwargs ) →
transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(n,)`, optional, where n is the number of non-masked labels, returned when `labels` is provided) — Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).

- logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

- cross_attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights of the decoder’s cross-attention layer, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.

- past_key_values (`List[tf.Tensor]`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — List of `tf.Tensor` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tensor of shape `(2, batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`).

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

encoder_hidden_states (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional): Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder. encoder_attention_mask (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional): Mask to avoid performing attention on the padding token indices of the encoder input. This mask is used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.

past_key_values (`Tuple[Tuple[tf.Tensor]]` of length `config.n_layers`) contains precomputed key and value hidden states of the attention blocks. Can be used to speed up decoding. If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`. use_cache (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`): If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`). Set to `False` during training, `True` during generation labels (`tf.Tensor` or `np.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional): Labels for computing the cross entropy classification loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size - 1]`.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertLMHeadModel
    >>> import tensorflow as tf

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = TFBertLMHeadModel.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="tf")
    >>> outputs = model(inputs)
    >>> logits = outputs.logits

##
TFBertForMaskedLM

###
class transformers.TFBertForMaskedLM

< source >

( config: BertConfig *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a `language modeling` head on top.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in `transformers` accept two formats as input:

- having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
- having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like `model.fit()` things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that `model.fit()` supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like `fit()` and `predict()`, such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras `Functional` API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

- a single Tensor with `input_ids` only and nothing else: `model(input_ids)`
- a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: `model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or `model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
- a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: `model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})`

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) →
transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMaskedLMOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`np.ndarray`, `tf.Tensor`, `List[tf.Tensor]` ``Dict[str, tf.Tensor]` or `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` and each example must have the shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
- training (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False“) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
- labels (`tf.Tensor` or `np.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMaskedLMOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMaskedLMOutput or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(n,)`, optional, where n is the number of non-masked labels, returned when `labels` is provided) — Masked language modeling (MLM) loss.

- logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFBertForMaskedLM forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertForMaskedLM
    >>> import tensorflow as tf

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = TFBertForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("The capital of France is [MASK].", return_tensors="tf")
    >>> logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> # retrieve index of [MASK]
    >>> mask_token_index = tf.where((inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[0])
    >>> selected_logits = tf.gather_nd(logits[0], indices=mask_token_index)

    >>> predicted_token_id = tf.math.argmax(selected_logits, axis=-1)
    >>> tokenizer.decode(predicted_token_id)
    'paris'

    >>> labels = tokenizer("The capital of France is Paris.", return_tensors="tf")["input_ids"]
    >>> # mask labels of non-[MASK] tokens
    >>> labels = tf.where(inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id, labels, -100)

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs, labels=labels)
    >>> round(float(outputs.loss), 2)
    0.88

##
TFBertForNextSentencePrediction

###
class transformers.TFBertForNextSentencePrediction

< source >

( config: BertConfig *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head on top.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in `transformers` accept two formats as input:

- having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
- having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like `model.fit()` things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that `model.fit()` supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like `fit()` and `predict()`, such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras `Functional` API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

- a single Tensor with `input_ids` only and nothing else: `model(input_ids)`
- a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: `model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or `model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
- a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: `model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})`

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None next_sentence_label: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) →
transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFNextSentencePredictorOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`np.ndarray`, `tf.Tensor`, `List[tf.Tensor]` ``Dict[str, tf.Tensor]` or `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` and each example must have the shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
- training (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False“) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFNextSentencePredictorOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFNextSentencePredictorOutput or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(n,)`, optional, where n is the number of non-masked labels, returned when `next_sentence_label` is provided) — Next sentence prediction loss.

- logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFBertForNextSentencePrediction forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

    >>> import tensorflow as tf
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertForNextSentencePrediction

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = TFBertForNextSentencePrediction.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
    >>> next_sentence = "The sky is blue due to the shorter wavelength of blue light."
    >>> encoding = tokenizer(prompt, next_sentence, return_tensors="tf")

    >>> logits = model(encoding["input_ids"], token_type_ids=encoding["token_type_ids"])[0]
    >>> assert logits[0][0] < logits[0][1]  # the next sentence was random

##
TFBertForSequenceClassification

###
class transformers.TFBertForSequenceClassification

< source >

( config: BertConfig *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in `transformers` accept two formats as input:

- having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
- having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like `model.fit()` things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that `model.fit()` supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like `fit()` and `predict()`, such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras `Functional` API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

- a single Tensor with `input_ids` only and nothing else: `model(input_ids)`
- a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: `model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or `model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
- a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: `model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})`

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) →
transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSequenceClassifierOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`np.ndarray`, `tf.Tensor`, `List[tf.Tensor]` ``Dict[str, tf.Tensor]` or `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` and each example must have the shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
- training (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False“) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
- labels (`tf.Tensor` or `np.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSequenceClassifierOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSequenceClassifierOutput or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, )`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.

- logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.num_labels)`) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFBertForSequenceClassification forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertForSequenceClassification
    >>> import tensorflow as tf

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("ydshieh/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity")
    >>> model = TFBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("ydshieh/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="tf")

    >>> logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> predicted_class_id = int(tf.math.argmax(logits, axis=-1)[0])
    >>> model.config.id2label[predicted_class_id]
    'LABEL_1'

    >>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
    >>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
    >>> model = TFBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("ydshieh/bert-base-uncased-yelp-polarity", num_labels=num_labels)

    >>> labels = tf.constant(1)
    >>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
    >>> round(float(loss), 2)
    0.01

##
TFBertForMultipleChoice

###
class transformers.TFBertForMultipleChoice

< source >

( config: BertConfig *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a multiple choice classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output and a softmax) e.g. for RocStories/SWAG tasks.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in `transformers` accept two formats as input:

- having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
- having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like `model.fit()` things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that `model.fit()` supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like `fit()` and `predict()`, such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras `Functional` API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

- a single Tensor with `input_ids` only and nothing else: `model(input_ids)`
- a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: `model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or `model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
- a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: `model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})`

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) →
transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`np.ndarray`, `tf.Tensor`, `List[tf.Tensor]` ``Dict[str, tf.Tensor]` or `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` and each example must have the shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
- training (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False“) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
- labels (`tf.Tensor` or `np.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the multiple choice classification loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., num_choices]` where `num_choices` is the size of the second dimension of the input tensors. (See `input_ids` above)

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`tf.Tensor` of shape (batch_size, ), optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification loss.

- logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices)`) — num_choices is the second dimension of the input tensors. (see input_ids above).

  Classification scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFBertForMultipleChoice forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertForMultipleChoice
    >>> import tensorflow as tf

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = TFBertForMultipleChoice.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
    >>> choice0 = "It is eaten with a fork and a knife."
    >>> choice1 = "It is eaten while held in the hand."

    >>> encoding = tokenizer([prompt, prompt], [choice0, choice1], return_tensors="tf", padding=True)
    >>> inputs = {k: tf.expand_dims(v, 0) for k, v in encoding.items()}
    >>> outputs = model(inputs)  # batch size is 1

    >>> # the linear classifier still needs to be trained
    >>> logits = outputs.logits

##
TFBertForTokenClassification

###
class transformers.TFBertForTokenClassification

< source >

( config: BertConfig *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in `transformers` accept two formats as input:

- having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
- having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like `model.fit()` things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that `model.fit()` supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like `fit()` and `predict()`, such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras `Functional` API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

- a single Tensor with `input_ids` only and nothing else: `model(input_ids)`
- a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: `model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or `model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
- a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: `model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})`

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) →
transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFTokenClassifierOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`np.ndarray`, `tf.Tensor`, `List[tf.Tensor]` ``Dict[str, tf.Tensor]` or `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` and each example must have the shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
- training (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False“) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
- labels (`tf.Tensor` or `np.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for computing the token classification loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`.

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFTokenClassifierOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFTokenClassifierOutput or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(n,)`, optional, where n is the number of unmasked labels, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification loss.

- logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)`) — Classification scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFBertForTokenClassification forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertForTokenClassification
    >>> import tensorflow as tf

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("dbmdz/bert-large-cased-finetuned-conll03-english")
    >>> model = TFBertForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("dbmdz/bert-large-cased-finetuned-conll03-english")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer(
    ...     "HuggingFace is a company based in Paris and New York", add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="tf"
    ... )

    >>> logits = model(**inputs).logits
    >>> predicted_token_class_ids = tf.math.argmax(logits, axis=-1)

    >>> # Note that tokens are classified rather then input words which means that
    >>> # there might be more predicted token classes than words.
    >>> # Multiple token classes might account for the same word
    >>> predicted_tokens_classes = [model.config.id2label[t] for t in predicted_token_class_ids[0].numpy().tolist()]
    >>> predicted_tokens_classes
    ['O', 'I-ORG', 'I-ORG', 'I-ORG', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'I-LOC', 'O', 'I-LOC', 'I-LOC']

    >>> labels = predicted_token_class_ids
    >>> loss = tf.math.reduce_mean(model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss)
    >>> round(float(loss), 2)
    0.01

##
TFBertForQuestionAnswering

###
class transformers.TFBertForQuestionAnswering

< source >

( config: BertConfig *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

Bert Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`).

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in `transformers` accept two formats as input:

- having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
- having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like `model.fit()` things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that `model.fit()` supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like `fit()` and `predict()`, such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras `Functional` API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

- a single Tensor with `input_ids` only and nothing else: `model(input_ids)`
- a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: `model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or `model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
- a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: `model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})`

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

####
call

< source >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None start_positions: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None end_positions: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) →
transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`np.ndarray`, `tf.Tensor`, `List[tf.Tensor]` ``Dict[str, tf.Tensor]` or `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` and each example must have the shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`np.ndarray` or `tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
- training (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False“) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
- start_positions (`tf.Tensor` or `np.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
- end_positions (`tf.Tensor` or `np.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or `tuple(tf.Tensor)`

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or a tuple of `tf.Tensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, )`, optional, returned when `start_positions` and `end_positions` are provided) — Total span extraction loss is the sum of a Cross-Entropy for the start and end positions.

- start_logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-start scores (before SoftMax).

- end_logits (`tf.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-end scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFBertForQuestionAnswering forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertForQuestionAnswering
    >>> import tensorflow as tf

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("ydshieh/bert-base-cased-squad2")
    >>> model = TFBertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("ydshieh/bert-base-cased-squad2")

    >>> question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"

    >>> inputs = tokenizer(question, text, return_tensors="tf")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> answer_start_index = int(tf.math.argmax(outputs.start_logits, axis=-1)[0])
    >>> answer_end_index = int(tf.math.argmax(outputs.end_logits, axis=-1)[0])

    >>> predict_answer_tokens = inputs.input_ids[0, answer_start_index : answer_end_index + 1]
    >>> tokenizer.decode(predict_answer_tokens)
    'a nice puppet'

    >>> # target is "nice puppet"
    >>> target_start_index = tf.constant([14])
    >>> target_end_index = tf.constant([15])

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs, start_positions=target_start_index, end_positions=target_end_index)
    >>> loss = tf.math.reduce_mean(outputs.loss)
    >>> round(float(loss), 2)
    7.41

JAX
Hide JAX content

##
FlaxBertModel

###
class transformers.FlaxBertModel

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

The bare Bert Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPooling or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPooling or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPooling or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- last_hidden_state (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

- pooler_output (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, hidden_size)`) — Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) further processed by a Linear layer and a Tanh activation function. The Linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during pretraining.

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertModel

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertModel.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="jax")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state

##
FlaxBertForPreTraining

###
class transformers.FlaxBertForPreTraining

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

Bert Model with two heads on top as done during the pretraining: a `masked language modeling` head and a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.models.bert.modeling_flax_bert.FlaxBertForPreTrainingOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.models.bert.modeling_flax_bert.FlaxBertForPreTrainingOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.models.bert.modeling_flax_bert.FlaxBertForPreTrainingOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- prediction_logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- seq_relationship_logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertForPreTraining

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertForPreTraining.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="np")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> prediction_logits = outputs.prediction_logits
    >>> seq_relationship_logits = outputs.seq_relationship_logits

##
FlaxBertForCausalLM

###
class transformers.FlaxBertForCausalLM

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

Bert Model with a language modeling head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g for autoregressive tasks.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

- cross_attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Cross attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(jnp.ndarray))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` tuples of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple containing the cached key, value states of the self-attention and the cross-attention layers if model is used in encoder-decoder setting. Only relevant if `config.is_decoder = True`.

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertForCausalLM

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertForCausalLM.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="np")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> # retrieve logts for next token
    >>> next_token_logits = outputs.logits[:, -1]

##
FlaxBertForMaskedLM

###
class transformers.FlaxBertForMaskedLM

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

Bert Model with a `language modeling` head on top.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMaskedLMOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMaskedLMOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMaskedLMOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertForMaskedLM

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("The capital of France is [MASK].", return_tensors="jax")

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
    >>> logits = outputs.logits

##
FlaxBertForNextSentencePrediction

###
class transformers.FlaxBertForNextSentencePrediction

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

Bert Model with a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head on top.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxNextSentencePredictorOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxNextSentencePredictorOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxNextSentencePredictorOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertForNextSentencePrediction

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertForNextSentencePrediction.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
    >>> next_sentence = "The sky is blue due to the shorter wavelength of blue light."
    >>> encoding = tokenizer(prompt, next_sentence, return_tensors="jax")

    >>> outputs = model(**encoding)
    >>> logits = outputs.logits
    >>> assert logits[0, 0] < logits[0, 1]  # next sentence was random

##
FlaxBertForSequenceClassification

###
class transformers.FlaxBertForSequenceClassification

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

Bert Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSequenceClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSequenceClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSequenceClassifierOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, config.num_labels)`) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertForSequenceClassification

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="jax")

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
    >>> logits = outputs.logits

##
FlaxBertForMultipleChoice

###
class transformers.FlaxBertForMultipleChoice

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

Bert Model with a multiple choice classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output and a softmax) e.g. for RocStories/SWAG tasks.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMultipleChoiceModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMultipleChoiceModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMultipleChoiceModelOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices)`) — num_choices is the second dimension of the input tensors. (see input_ids above).

  Classification scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertForMultipleChoice

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertForMultipleChoice.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
    >>> choice0 = "It is eaten with a fork and a knife."
    >>> choice1 = "It is eaten while held in the hand."

    >>> encoding = tokenizer([prompt, prompt], [choice0, choice1], return_tensors="jax", padding=True)
    >>> outputs = model(**{k: v[None, :] for k, v in encoding.items()})

    >>> logits = outputs.logits

##
FlaxBertForTokenClassification

###
class transformers.FlaxBertForTokenClassification

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

Bert Model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxTokenClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxTokenClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxTokenClassifierOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)`) — Classification scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertForTokenClassification

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="jax")

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
    >>> logits = outputs.logits

##
FlaxBertForQuestionAnswering

###
class transformers.FlaxBertForQuestionAnswering

< source >

( config: BertConfig input_shape: typing.Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True gradient_checkpointing: bool = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- config (BertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

- dtype (`jax.numpy.dtype`, optional, defaults to `jax.numpy.float32`) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of `jax.numpy.float32`, `jax.numpy.float16` (on GPUs) and `jax.numpy.bfloat16` (on TPUs).

  This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given `dtype`.

  Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

  If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

Bert Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layers on top of the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`).

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading, saving and converting weights from PyTorch models)

This model is also a flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

- Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
- Automatic Differentiation
- Vectorization
- Parallelization

####
__call__

< source >

( input_ids attention_mask = None token_type_ids = None position_ids = None head_mask = None encoder_hidden_states = None encoder_attention_mask = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: <function PRNGKey at 0x7f9972c80670> = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None past_key_values: dict = None ) →
transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- token_type_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

  What are token type IDs?

- position_ids (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`numpy.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional) -- Mask to nullify selected heads of the attention modules. Mask values selected in` [0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BertConfig) and inputs.

- start_logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-start scores (before SoftMax).

- end_logits (`jnp.ndarray` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-end scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(jnp.ndarray)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `jnp.ndarray` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The `FlaxBertPreTrainedModel` forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxBertForQuestionAnswering

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
    >>> model = FlaxBertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

    >>> question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"
    >>> inputs = tokenizer(question, text, return_tensors="jax")

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
    >>> start_scores = outputs.start_logits
    >>> end_scores = outputs.end_logits

< > Update on GitHub