#
Falcon

Falcon is a family of large language models, available in 7B, 40B, and 180B parameters, as pretrained and instruction tuned variants. This model focuses on scaling pretraining over three categories, performance, data, and hardware. Falcon uses multigroup attention to significantly reduce inference memory requirements and rotary positional embeddings (RoPE). These models are pretrained on RefinedWeb, a high-quality and deduplicated 5T token dataset.

You can find all the original Falcon checkpoints under the Falcon collection.

Click on the Falcon models in the right sidebar for more examples of how to apply Falcon to different language tasks.

The example below demonstrates how to generate text with Pipeline, AutoModel, and from the command line.

Pipeline
AutoModel
transformers CLI

    import torch
    from transformers import pipeline

    pipeline = pipeline(
        task="text-generation",
        model="tiiuae/falcon-7b-instruct",
        torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
        device=0
    )
    pipeline(
        "Write a short poem about coding",
        max_length=100,
        do_sample=True,
        temperature=0.7
    )

Quantization reduces the memory burden of large models by representing the weights in a lower precision. Refer to the Quantization overview for more available quantization backends.

The example below uses bitsandbytes to only quantize the weights to 4-bits.

    import torch
    from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, BitsAndBytesConfig

    quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
        load_in_4bit=True,
        bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
        bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
        bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
    )

    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b")
    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
        "tiiuae/falcon-7b",
        torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
        device_map="auto",
        quantization_config=quantization_config,
    )

    inputs = tokenizer("In quantum physics, entanglement means", return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
    outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100)
    print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))

##
Notes

- If you’re upgrading from an older custom code checkpoint, remember to convert it to the official Transformers format for better stability and performance using the conversion script located in the Falcon model directory.

      python convert_custom_code_checkpoint.py --checkpoint_dir my_model

##
FalconConfig

###
class transformers.FalconConfig

< source >

( vocab_size = 65024 hidden_size = 4544 num_hidden_layers = 32 num_attention_heads = 71 num_ln_in_parallel_attn = None layer_norm_epsilon = 1e-05 initializer_range = 0.02 use_cache = True hidden_dropout = 0.0 attention_dropout = 0.0 num_kv_heads = None alibi = False new_decoder_architecture = False multi_query = True parallel_attn = True bias = False max_position_embeddings = 2048 rope_theta = 10000.0 rope_scaling = None bos_token_id = 11 eos_token_id = 11 ffn_hidden_size = None activation = 'gelu' **kwargs )

Parameters

- vocab_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 65024) — Vocabulary size of the Falcon model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by the `inputs_ids` passed when calling FalconModel
- hidden_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 4544) — Dimension of the hidden representations.
- num_hidden_layers (`int`, optional, defaults to 32) — Number of hidden layers in the Transformer decoder.
- num_attention_heads (`int`, optional, defaults to 71) — Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
- num_ln_in_parallel_attn (`int`, optional) — Set to 2 if separate layer norms are to be used for the MLP and the attention output when using parallel attention, otherwise, 1.
- layer_norm_epsilon (`float`, optional, defaults to 1e-05) — The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.
- initializer_range (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.02) — The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
- use_cache (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether the model should return the last key/values attentions (not used by all models). Only relevant if `config.is_decoder=True`.
- hidden_dropout (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The dropout probability for MLP layers.
- attention_dropout (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The dropout probability for attention layers.
- num_kv_heads (`int`, optional) — Number of key-value heads to use per attention layer. If unset, defaults to the same value as `num_attention_heads`.
- alibi (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False`) — Whether to use ALiBi positional biases during self-attention.
- new_decoder_architecture (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False`) — Whether to use the new (Falcon-40B) decoder architecture. If `True`, the `multi_query` and `parallel_attn` arguments are ignored, as the new decoder always uses parallel attention.
- multi_query (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to use multi-query attention in the decoder. Ignored when `new_decoder_architecture` is `True`.
- parallel_attn (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether to compute attention in parallel with the feedforward layer. If False, they are consecutive instead, as in the original Transformer architecture. Ignored when `new_decoder_architecture` is `True`.
- bias (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False`) — Whether to use bias on Linear layers.
- max_position_embeddings (`int`, optional, defaults to 2048) — The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with, when `alibi` is `False`. Pretrained Falcon models with RoPE support up to 2048 tokens.
- rope_theta (`float`, optional, defaults to 10000.0) — The base period of the RoPE embeddings.
- rope_scaling (`Dict`, optional) — Dictionary containing the scaling configuration for the RoPE embeddings. NOTE: if you apply new rope type and you expect the model to work on longer `max_position_embeddings`, we recommend you to update this value accordingly. Expected contents: `rope_type` (`str`): The sub-variant of RoPE to use. Can be one of [‘default’, ‘linear’, ‘dynamic’, ‘yarn’, ‘longrope’, ‘llama3’], with ‘default’ being the original RoPE implementation. `factor` (`float`, optional): Used with all rope types except ‘default’. The scaling factor to apply to the RoPE embeddings. In most scaling types, a `factor` of x will enable the model to handle sequences of length x original maximum pre-trained length. `original_max_position_embeddings` (`int`, optional): Used with ‘dynamic’, ‘longrope’ and ‘llama3’. The original max position embeddings used during pretraining. `attention_factor` (`float`, optional): Used with ‘yarn’ and ‘longrope’. The scaling factor to be applied on the attention computation. If unspecified, it defaults to value recommended by the implementation, using the `factor` field to infer the suggested value. `beta_fast` (`float`, optional): Only used with ‘yarn’. Parameter to set the boundary for extrapolation (only) in the linear ramp function. If unspecified, it defaults to 32. `beta_slow` (`float`, optional): Only used with ‘yarn’. Parameter to set the boundary for interpolation (only) in the linear ramp function. If unspecified, it defaults to 1. `short_factor` (`List[float]`, optional): Only used with ‘longrope’. The scaling factor to be applied to short contexts (< `original_max_position_embeddings`). Must be a list of numbers with the same length as the hidden size divided by the number of attention heads divided by 2 `long_factor` (`List[float]`, optional): Only used with ‘longrope’. The scaling factor to be applied to long contexts (< `original_max_position_embeddings`). Must be a list of numbers with the same length as the hidden size divided by the number of attention heads divided by 2 `low_freq_factor` (`float`, optional): Only used with ‘llama3’. Scaling factor applied to low frequency components of the RoPE `high_freq_factor` (`float`, optional*): Only used with ‘llama3’. Scaling factor applied to high frequency components of the RoPE
- bos_token_id (`int`, optional, defaults to 11) — The id of the “beginning-of-sequence” token.
- eos_token_id (`int`, optional, defaults to 11) — The id of the “end-of-sequence” token.
- ffn_hidden_size (`int`, optional) — The hidden size of the feedforward layer in the Transformer decoder. defaults to 4x hidden dim
- activation (`str`, optional, defaults to `"gelu"`) — The activation function used in the feedforward layer.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a FalconModel. It is used to instantiate a Falcon model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the tiiuae/falcon-7b architecture.

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import FalconModel, FalconConfig

    >>> # Initializing a small (2-layer) Falcon configuration
    >>> configuration = FalconConfig(num_hidden_layers=2)

    >>> # Initializing a model from the small configuration
    >>> model = FalconModel(configuration)

    >>> # Accessing the model configuration
    >>> configuration = model.config

##
FalconModel

###
class transformers.FalconModel

< source >

( config: FalconConfig )

Parameters

- config (FalconConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The bare Falcon Model outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None past_key_values: typing.Union[transformers.cache_utils.Cache, typing.Tuple[typing.Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], ...], NoneType] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None use_cache: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None cache_position: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, input_ids_length)`) — `input_ids_length` = `sequence_length` if `past_key_values` is `None` else `past_key_values[0][0].shape[2]` (`sequence_length` of input past key value states). Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  If `past_key_values` is used, only `input_ids` that do not have their past calculated should be passed as `input_ids`.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- past_key_values (`Union[~cache_utils.Cache, Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], ...], NoneType]`) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values` returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Two formats are allowed:

  - a Cache instance, see our kv cache guide;
  - Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`). This is also known as the legacy cache format.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no `past_key_values` are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to `position_ids`, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (FalconConfig) and inputs.

- last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

  If `past_key_values` is used only the last hidden-state of the sequences of shape `(batch_size, 1, hidden_size)` is output.

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`) and optionally if `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` 2 additional tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`.

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and optionally if `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

- cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` and `config.add_cross_attention=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights of the decoder’s cross-attention layer, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.

The FalconModel forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

##
FalconForCausalLM

###
class transformers.FalconForCausalLM

< source >

( config: FalconConfig )

Parameters

- config (FalconConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The Falcon Model transformer with a language modeling head on top (linear layer with weights tied to the input embeddings).

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None past_key_values: typing.Union[transformers.cache_utils.Cache, typing.Tuple[typing.Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], ...], NoneType] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None use_cache: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None cache_position: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None logits_to_keep: typing.Union[int, torch.Tensor] = 0 **kwargs ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, input_ids_length)`) — `input_ids_length` = `sequence_length` if `past_key_values` is `None` else `past_key_values[0][0].shape[2]` (`sequence_length` of input past key value states). Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  If `past_key_values` is used, only `input_ids` that do not have their past calculated should be passed as `input_ids`.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- past_key_values (`Union[~cache_utils.Cache, Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], ...], NoneType]`) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values` returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Two formats are allowed:

  - a Cache instance, see our kv cache guide;
  - Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`). This is also known as the legacy cache format.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no `past_key_values` are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`.

  What are position IDs?

- head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- labels (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for language modeling. Note that the labels are shifted inside the model, i.e. you can set `labels = input_ids` Indices are selected in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` All labels set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`
- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to `position_ids`, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
- logits_to_keep (`Union[int, torch.Tensor]`, defaults to `0`) — If an `int`, compute logits for the last `logits_to_keep` tokens. If `0`, calculate logits for all `input_ids` (special case). Only last token logits are needed for generation, and calculating them only for that token can save memory, which becomes pretty significant for long sequences or large vocabulary size. If a `torch.Tensor`, must be 1D corresponding to the indices to keep in the sequence length dimension. This is useful when using packed tensor format (single dimension for batch and sequence length).

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (FalconConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

- cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Cross attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` tuples of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple containing the cached key, value states of the self-attention and the cross-attention layers if model is used in encoder-decoder setting. Only relevant if `config.is_decoder = True`.

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

The FalconForCausalLM forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

##
FalconForSequenceClassification

###
class transformers.FalconForSequenceClassification

< source >

( config: FalconConfig )

Parameters

- config (FalconConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The Falcon Model transformer with a sequence classification head on top (linear layer).

FalconForSequenceClassification uses the last token in order to do the classification, as other causal models (e.g. GPT-1) do.

Since it does classification on the last token, it requires to know the position of the last token. If a `pad_token_id` is defined in the configuration, it finds the last token that is not a padding token in each row. If no `pad_token_id` is defined, it simply takes the last value in each row of the batch. Since it cannot guess the padding tokens when `inputs_embeds` are passed instead of `input_ids`, it does the same (take the last value in each row of the batch).

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None past_key_values: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[typing.Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], ...]] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None use_cache: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
`transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, input_ids_length)`) — `input_ids_length` = `sequence_length` if `past_key_values` is `None` else `past_key_values[0][0].shape[2]` (`sequence_length` of input past key value states). Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  If `past_key_values` is used, only `input_ids` that do not have their past calculated should be passed as `input_ids`.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- past_key_values (`Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, ...]]`, optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values` returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Two formats are allowed:

  - a Cache instance, see our kv cache guide;
  - Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`). This is also known as the legacy cache format.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no `past_key_values` are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- labels (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

`transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A `transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast` or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (FalconConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.num_labels)`) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`)

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The FalconForSequenceClassification forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example of single-label classification:

    >>> import torch
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FalconForSequenceClassification

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b")
    >>> model = FalconForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> predicted_class_id = logits.argmax().item()
    >>> model.config.id2label[predicted_class_id]
    ...

    >>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
    >>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
    >>> model = FalconForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b", num_labels=num_labels)

    >>> labels = torch.tensor([1])
    >>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
    >>> round(loss.item(), 2)
    ...

Example of multi-label classification:

    >>> import torch
    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FalconForSequenceClassification

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b")
    >>> model = FalconForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b", problem_type="multi_label_classification")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> predicted_class_ids = torch.arange(0, logits.shape[-1])[torch.sigmoid(logits).squeeze(dim=0) > 0.5]

    >>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
    >>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
    >>> model = FalconForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
    ...     "tiiuae/falcon-7b", num_labels=num_labels, problem_type="multi_label_classification"
    ... )

    >>> labels = torch.sum(
    ...     torch.nn.functional.one_hot(predicted_class_ids[None, :].clone(), num_classes=num_labels), dim=1
    ... ).to(torch.float)
    >>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss

##
FalconForTokenClassification

###
class transformers.FalconForTokenClassification

< source >

( config: FalconConfig )

Parameters

- config (FalconConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The Falcon transformer with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None past_key_values: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[typing.Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], ...]] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None use_cache: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, input_ids_length)`) — `input_ids_length` = `sequence_length` if `past_key_values` is `None` else `past_key_values[0][0].shape[2]` (`sequence_length` of input past key value states). Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  If `past_key_values` is used, only `input_ids` that do not have their past calculated should be passed as `input_ids`.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- past_key_values (`Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, ...]]`, optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values` returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Two formats are allowed:

  - a Cache instance, see our kv cache guide;
  - Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`). This is also known as the legacy cache format.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no `past_key_values` are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- labels (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (FalconConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification loss.

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)`) — Classification scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The FalconForTokenClassification forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FalconForTokenClassification
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b")
    >>> model = FalconForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer(
    ...     "HuggingFace is a company based in Paris and New York", add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="pt"
    ... )

    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

    >>> predicted_token_class_ids = logits.argmax(-1)

    >>> # Note that tokens are classified rather then input words which means that
    >>> # there might be more predicted token classes than words.
    >>> # Multiple token classes might account for the same word
    >>> predicted_tokens_classes = [model.config.id2label[t.item()] for t in predicted_token_class_ids[0]]
    >>> predicted_tokens_classes
    ...

    >>> labels = predicted_token_class_ids
    >>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
    >>> round(loss.item(), 2)
    ...

##
FalconForQuestionAnswering

###
class transformers.FalconForQuestionAnswering

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (FalconForQuestionAnswering) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The Falcon transformer with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`).

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None head_mask: typing.Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None start_positions: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None end_positions: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, input_ids_length)`) — `input_ids_length` = `sequence_length` if `past_key_values` is `None` else `past_key_values[0][0].shape[2]` (`sequence_length` of input past key value states). Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  If `past_key_values` is used, only `input_ids` that do not have their past calculated should be passed as `input_ids`.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

  What are input IDs?

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.

  What are attention masks?

- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- start_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
- end_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, optional) — Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (FalconConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Total span extraction loss is the sum of a Cross-Entropy for the start and end positions.

- start_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-start scores (before SoftMax).

- end_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-end scores (before SoftMax).

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The FalconForQuestionAnswering forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FalconForQuestionAnswering
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b")
    >>> model = FalconForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b")

    >>> question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"

    >>> inputs = tokenizer(question, text, return_tensors="pt")
    >>> with torch.no_grad():
    ...     outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> answer_start_index = outputs.start_logits.argmax()
    >>> answer_end_index = outputs.end_logits.argmax()

    >>> predict_answer_tokens = inputs.input_ids[0, answer_start_index : answer_end_index + 1]
    >>> tokenizer.decode(predict_answer_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
    ...

    >>> # target is "nice puppet"
    >>> target_start_index = torch.tensor([14])
    >>> target_end_index = torch.tensor([15])

    >>> outputs = model(**inputs, start_positions=target_start_index, end_positions=target_end_index)
    >>> loss = outputs.loss
    >>> round(loss.item(), 2)
    ...

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