formula to calculate covariance why is c1 different from lda how to calculate coefficients for lda what is the equation for pooled covariance what is the difference between a covariance matrix and a matrix what is the calculation of global mean and group mean? c what is the formula for group covariance what is the c calculus used for? what is xi in lda what is the difference in c calculus and qda lda vs c calculus what does it mean for c in lic calculation what are the c values of qda why differents formulas to calculate lda what is lda formula what is the formula for calculating covariance what is the difference between c1 and c2 in lda calculation what is the difference between c and c2 what is lda formula what is the difference between pooled covariance and c?