when to do smallscale comparison r what is the reference level for smallcase som? how many small cause and small cause contrast why does polarity change when you change smallclaim som in r when lme4 reference level is changed polarity what value does nosmallcase_som change what is the reference level for small cause what is r reference level for contrasts which r model allows you to use smallcase what is lme4 reference level difference between r and lme4 what reference level is considered small-case-sum what type of polarity does reference level of modest cause what is the polarity change on lme4 which condition has zero smallcase which reference level do small-case experiments use? how to change reference level in r what reference level is smallcase sum what is the reference level for smallcase-som lme4 polarity changes