lmer variance of residuals lmer model variance of residuals what is variance and residual in lmer what is level 1 variance in mixed model level 1 variance in mixed model what does the variance of residuals do in an example of a mixed model what should the variance of residuals be what level of variance is mixed model lmer variance definition lmer variance variance of residuals in mixed model how to compare residual variance with mixed model when comparing residual variance of mixed model, what is the difference variance of residuals in mixed model what level of variance should lmer use level 1 variance of residuals difference between level one variance and variance of residuals level one variance of variance variance of residuals is the same as which level is variance in lmer