what is conditionally independent for missingness on $l when analyzing an acyclic graph, what is the function t$ what is conditional independent on a dagging graph what is adag mean what is the conditional independent of l why is r$ conditionally independent of $y$ how to determine missingness when is a dag always observed when is missingness conditional independent of nmar what is the conditionally independent value for missingness on y? what is the missingness of the nmar why is dag conditional on variables what is the condition of missingness in the matrix what is conditionally independent of variable how to tell if a data structure or process is missing when does missingness depend on the always observed variable how to find the difference between a graph missing at random and an acyclic graph? which variable is always observed when the gap is missing? which of the following describes a missing data mechanism? what is the conditional value of y$