what type of response variable is associated with the role of education or residency how is the likert scale used to describe a residency? how to estimate covariate effects what type of scales are used to describe student importance effects of schooling, residence, and residency how many students does a residency program have? how to estimate the impact of residency programs on patient self-reported importance? what is the likert scale for school how to evaluate covariates in a logistic regression how do you determine covariates when is it appropriate to estimate covariate effects? how to evaluate a covariate likert scale for residency how does the likert scale apply to a clinical study how do you estimate effects of school and residency effects on likert scale what is the significance of a likert scale how to predict covariates on the likert scale how are covariates affected in an aNOVA how to estimate covariates in a logistic regression kruskal wallis definition of covariate