how to show how an independent variable works when calculating cohen's d, how do you find the effect size of the independent variable when can i explain away the effect size what is the coefficient of b in the effect size can independent variables explain away an effect size? c3xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx how to explain away effect size why is effect size significant how to explain away effect size using independent variable what is the independent variable for an effect? how to explain away effect sizes how is effect size explained what variable is used to calculate cohen's d what is the difference between x and y in a covariate what is the effect size of the independent variable what is the difference from a and b how do you explain an independent variable what type of variables are used to describe an effect size? how to explain away effect size in regression what is the purpose of the independent variable in effect size which of these is an independent variable that can be used to explain away a large effect?