what is the sigma2 expression of penn state how do you get the value v in e what is the expectation used for in the above expression? what is the probability for using expectation how can you determine bias using expectation? what is the assumption using expectation to detect bias how does expectation detect bias what is the expectation to detect bias? what is the difference between expectation and bias? how do you find bias in estimating a sample price what is the expression sum_y which of the following statements best illustrates the use of expectation to detect bias what is expectation to detect bias does penn state use expectations when estimating bias how to do expectation analysis for bias what is the expected bias of penn state what is the expectation for bias how do you find the bias in a v2? defining the difference between a value of sigma, v, s, and e how to find bias using expectation