how to use ancova in r which r design would have the same variable for individual ppcs how to nest the effect of leaf number on individual which variable is responsible for the variability in individual leaf numbers? why does ancova data need to be used why is ancova a dependent variable can you use ancova as an independent variable what is the type of ANCOVA how to use the ANCOVA design what is the type of variable used in r to design an ancova can r use one individual as a dependent variable for each leaf how to use ANCOVA design in r what is the dependent and independant variable of ancva data? what is the independent variation of leaf size does leaf length affect individual what is the difference between pc1 and pco what is the primary difference between individual and individual leaf size in anchová are individual leaf sizes the same as a continuous measure of plant leaves which variable has the highest value for leaf numbers? are individual and individual dependent?