what is the equation to calculate the expected value of a test what is the weighted average formula for q what is expected value of q given y? what is the gamma-gamma relationship in the gamma factor equation what is the expected value for q? when an equation is assumed to be normally distributed with zero mean and constant variance, it will be expressed as a what is the standard equation of a gamma-gamma what is the equation for group effect what is the equation for expected value what is the difference between a normal distributed error and an individual distribution? what is meant by expected q what is the expected value of q given the given y what is the expected value of q what is the equation of the equation q how do you get the group effect of the equation? which of the following statements is an example of an normally distributed error term with zero mean? when the expected value of an equation is q, it becomes which of the following is an equation that is usually distributed in the absence of a constant variance? what is normal distribution gamma what is the equation for predicting expected value of q