is latitude a random or fixed effect in a mixed effects model? when is the pseudo replication variable in R is latitude a covariate how do i tell if latitude is a fixed effect why is latitude a concomitant random effect what is a fixed pseudo replicate variable in mixed effects why is time interval a fixed effect is latitude in the mixed effects model does latitude control for spatial structure what is temporal pseudo replication in r what is the temporal effect of latitude in r which is included in the mixed effect model? what is the lme what is the effect of time on logging what does latitude mean in r sse is latitude a fixed effect how many time intervals are included in a time and time-interval model of species composition? is latitude a fixed variable in r is latitude a covariate in r is lme static or dynamic