Tell me a bio of Ruth Fischer.

Include key facts about their life, career, achievements, and impact.

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Ruth Fischer (1895-1961) was a German-American communist politician, writer, and anti-communist activist. Here's a brief bio of her life, career, achievements, and impact:

**Early Life and Education**

Ruth Fischer was born Elfriede Eisler on December 11, 1895, in Leipzig, Germany, to a Jewish family. Her father was a physician, and her mother was a writer. Fischer's early life was marked by a strong interest in politics and social justice. She studied philosophy and economics at the University of Leipzig and later at the University of Berlin.

**Communist Career**

Fischer joined the German Communist Party (KPD) in 1919, shortly after its founding. She quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a prominent figure in the party's leadership. In 1921, she married the Austrian communist writer and politician, Hanns Eisler, with whom she had two children. Fischer's charisma, intelligence, and oratory skills made her a popular speaker and writer within the communist movement.

**Leadership Roles**

In 1924, Fischer became the leader of the KPD's Berlin district, and in 1925, she was elected to the party's Central Committee. She played a key role in the party's efforts to build a united front against fascism and was a strong advocate for women's rights and workers' rights.

**Expulsion from the KPD and Exile**

However, Fischer's career in the KPD was marked by controversy and power struggles. In 1926, she was expelled from the party due to her opposition to the Stalinist faction, which had gained control of the KPD. Fischer and her husband went into exile in the Soviet Union, where they continued to work as writers and intellectuals.

**Anti-Communist Activism**

In the 1930s, Fischer became increasingly disillusioned with Stalinism and the Soviet Union's authoritarianism. She began to speak out against the Soviet regime and its human rights abuses. In 1940, she and her husband moved to the United States, where they became vocal critics of communism and advocates for democratic socialism.

**Writing and Legacy**

Fischer wrote several books, including "Stalin and German Communism" (1948) and "The German Communists and the Rise of Nazism" (1957). Her writings provided valuable insights into the inner workings of the communist movement and the rise of fascism in Germany.

**Impact**

Ruth Fischer's life and career had a significant impact on the development of communist and anti-communist thought in the 20th century. Her experiences and writings served as a warning about the dangers of authoritarianism and the importance of democratic values. Fischer's legacy continues to be studied by historians and scholars of communism and anti-communism.

Overall, Ruth Fischer's life was marked by a complex and often tumultuous relationship with communism. Her journey from communist leader to anti-communist activist reflects the complexities and challenges of the 20th century's ideological struggles.
Ruth Fischer (1895-1961) was a German-American revolutionary, politician, and writer. She was a prominent figure in the early 20th-century communist movement and a leading critic of Stalinism.

**Early Life**

Born Elfriede Eisler on December 11, 1895, in Leipzig, Germany, Ruth was the daughter of a Jewish-German intellectual family. Her father, Rudolf Eisler, was a philosopher and professor, and her brother, Gerhart Eisler, would later become a prominent communist politician. Ruth studied literature and philosophy at the University of Vienna and Berlin.

**Early Career and Politics**

In 1914, Ruth joined the Socialist Party of Austria (SPÖ) and became involved in the anti-war movement during World War I. After the war, she joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in 1921, along with her brother Gerhart. She quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a member of the KPD's Central Committee in 1923.

**Leadership and Schism**

In 1924, Ruth became the leader of the KPD's Left Opposition, a faction critical of the party's moderate leadership. The Left Opposition advocated for a more radical, revolutionary approach, which led to clashes with the party's leadership. In 1926, Ruth and her supporters were expelled from the KPD.

**Career in Exile**

After her expulsion, Ruth moved to the Soviet Union, where she worked with the Comintern (the international communist organization). However, she soon became disillusioned with Stalin's rising influence and the Soviet Union's increasingly authoritarian policies. In 1930, Ruth was expelled from the Soviet Union and spent the next several years in exile, living in France, Switzerland, and the United States.

**Writings and Later Life**

Ruth's experiences in the Soviet Union and her disillusionment with Stalinism led her to write extensively about the dangers of totalitarianism. Her books, such as "Stalin and German Communism" (1948), are considered classics of critical Marxist literature. Ruth also wrote articles and essays for various publications, including The Nation and The New Leader.

**Achievements and Impact**

Ruth Fischer's contributions to the early communist movement were significant. She was a pioneering female leader in a male-dominated party and a vocal critic of Stalinism, which was rare among communist leaders at the time. Her writings and activism helped shape the debates about socialism, communism, and the dangers of totalitarianism. Fischer's legacy as a champion of democratic socialism and a critic of authoritarianism continues to inspire scholars and activists today.

Ruth Fischer passed away on March 13, 1961, in Paris, France.