a charge levied on products that are deemed harmful to the environment.


a tax imposed by the government in special circumstances, intended to provide funding towards theoretically solidifying projects.

Up to €972 (€1,944 for married couples) annual income tax, no solidarity surcharge is levied.


a one-time fee usually charged by the county for a property rezoning request.


the amount of money a bank has lent and may lose if it is not paid back.

The calculated expected maximum exposure value is not to be confused with the maximum credit exposure possible.


oewn-consume-v oewn-ingest-v oewn-take_in-v oewn-take-v oewn-have-v


oewn-consume-v oewn-eat_up-v oewn-use_up-v oewn-eat-v oewn-deplete-v oewn-exhaust-v oewn-run_through-v oewn-wipe_out-v oewn-use-v oewn-expend-v


oewn-consume-v oewn-squander-v oewn-waste-v oewn-ware-v


oewn-use-v oewn-utilize-v oewn-utilise-v oewn-apply-v oewn-employ-v

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose


The organizers pulled out all the stops for the centennial meeting


She put too much emphasis on her the last statement


put or confide something in a person or thing

These philosophers reposed the law in the people


address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question


apply to a wrong thing or person; apply badly or incorrectly

The words are misapplied in this context


He availed himself of the available resources


make use of too often or too extensively


use a name, such as God, without proper respect


use parts of something to repair something else


present or use over, with no or few changes


The environmentalist lobby made hay of the nuclear plant accident


extract (something such as stones) from or as if from a quarry


we must exploit the resources we are given wisely


We should not overexploit our natural resources


exploit for maximal profit, usually by sacrificing quality

The hotel owners are commercializing the beaches


take or consume (regularly or habitually)


to cause (someone or oneself) to become dependent (on something, especially a narcotic drug)


use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity

He really extended himself when he climbed Kilimanjaro


He overextended himself when he accepted the additional assignment


We did not eat until 10 P.M. because there were so many phone calls


buy and consume food from a restaurant or establishment that sells prepared food

We'll take out pizza, since I am too tired to cook


eat food accompanied by lots of liquid; also use metaphorically

She washed down her dinner with a bottle of red wine


eat at a restaurant or at somebody else's home


We often dine with friends in this restaurant


We picnicked near the lake on this gorgeous Sunday


drink large quantities of (liquid, especially alcoholic drink)


draw into the mouth by creating a practical vacuum in the mouth

suck the poison from the place where the snake bit


The patient must drink several liters each day


drink from a flask with a gurgling sound


drink greedily or as if with great thirst


oewn-hit_the_bottle-v oewn-drink-v oewn-booze-v oewn-fuddle-v


We were porting all in the club after dinner


They were clareting until well past midnight


go from one pub to the next and get progressively more drunk


drink excessive amounts of alcohol; be an alcoholic


The early Christian disciples broke bread together


The food was placed on the table and the children pitched in


eat up; usually refers to a considerable quantity of food


She never loses weight because she snacks between meals


The anorexic girl just picks at her food


oewn-garbage_down-v oewn-gobble_up-v oewn-shovel_in-v oewn-bolt_down-v

The children gobbled down most of the birthday cake


There was so much food at the party that we quickly got sated just by browsing


grind with the gums; chew without teeth and with great difficulty

the old man had no teeth left and mumbled his food


oewn-toast-v oewn-drink-v oewn-pledge-v oewn-salute-v oewn-wassail-v


He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party


provide with choice or abundant food or drink

Don't worry about the expensive wine--I'm treating


Our relatives in Italy wined and dined us for a week


After we finished dinner, we were thoroughly alcoholized


our babysitter lives in, as it is too far to commute for her


our cook lives out; he can easily commute from his home


feed through the beak by regurgitating previously swallowed food

many birds feed their young by regurgitating what they have swallowed and carried to the nest


provide with insufficient quality or quantity of nourishment

The stunted growth of these children shows that they are undernourished


This dog doesn't eat certain kinds of meat


oewn-serve-v oewn-serve_up-v oewn-dish_out-v oewn-dish_up-v oewn-dish-v

provide (usually but not necessarily food)


supply food ready to eat; for parties and banquets


help to some food; help with food or drink

I served him three times, and after that he helped himself


supply the force or power for the functioning of


cause to function by supplying the force or power for or by controlling


engage without restraint in an activity and indulge, as when shopping


oewn-provide-v oewn-supply-v oewn-ply-v oewn-cater-v

give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance

The hostess provided lunch for all the guests


provide with a base, support, lining, or backing


oewn-fit-v oewn-conform_to-v oewn-meet-v oewn-satisfy-v oewn-fill-v oewn-fulfill-v oewn-fulfil-v

fill, satisfy or meet a want or need or condition or restriction

does this paper meet the requirements for the degree?


be satisfactory for; meet the requirements of or serve the purpose of


provide with something desired or needed

Can you accommodate me with a rental car?


maintain by seeding without human intervention

Some plants reseed themselves indefinitely


oewn-breastfeed-v oewn-suckle-v oewn-suck-v oewn-nurse-v oewn-wet-nurse-v oewn-lactate-v oewn-give_suck-v


take care of an infant without breastfeeding it


gradually deprive (infants and young mammals) of mother's milk

she weaned her baby when he was 3 months old and started him on powdered milk


The political prisoners starved to death


deprive of a necessity and cause suffering


I'm full--don't give me any more beans, please


oewn-crave-v oewn-hunger-v oewn-thirst-v oewn-starve-v oewn-lust-v

have a craving, appetite, or great desire for


This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner


eat sparingly, for health reasons or to lose weight


abstain from certain foods, as for religious or medical reasons


follow a regimen or a diet, as for health reasons

He has high blood pressure and must stick to a low-salt diet


oewn-souse-v oewn-soak-v oewn-inebriate-v oewn-hit_it_up-v


We had a ball at the party and didn't come home until 2 AM


it's your birthday, so let's live it up!


devote oneself entirely to something; indulge in to an immoderate degree, usually with pleasure


She dunked the piece of bread in the sauce


I can't afford to spend two hours with this person


oewn-gorge-v oewn-ingurgitate-v oewn-overindulge-v oewn-glut-v oewn-englut-v oewn-stuff-v oewn-engorge-v oewn-overgorge-v oewn-overeat-v oewn-gormandize-v oewn-gormandise-v oewn-gourmandize-v oewn-binge-v oewn-pig_out-v oewn-satiate-v oewn-scarf_out-v

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself


She helped herself to some of the office supplies


oewn-satiate-v oewn-sate-v oewn-replete-v oewn-fill-v


cause surfeit through excess though initially pleasing


He contented himself with one glass of beer per day


provide with food and drink, usually lavishly


oewn-fatten-v oewn-fat-v oewn-flesh_out-v oewn-fill_out-v oewn-plump-v oewn-plump_out-v oewn-fatten_out-v oewn-fatten_up-v

We will plump out that poor starving child


oewn-sample-v oewn-try-v oewn-try_out-v oewn-taste-v


oewn-fritter-v oewn-frivol_away-v oewn-dissipate-v oewn-shoot-v oewn-fritter_away-v oewn-fool-v oewn-fool_away-v


practice teetotalism and abstain from the consumption of alcoholic beverages


oewn-devour-v oewn-guttle-v oewn-raven-v oewn-pig-v


finish eating all the food on one's plate or on the table


oewn-devour-v oewn-demolish-v oewn-down-v oewn-consume-v oewn-go_through-v

eat up completely, as with great appetite

Some people can down a pound of meat in the course of one meal


press (the lips) together and open (the lips) noisily, as in eating


oewn-take_in-v oewn-sop_up-v oewn-suck_in-v oewn-take_up-v


inhale and exhale smoke from cigarettes, cigars, pipes


smoke one cigarette after another; light one cigarette from the preceding one


draw deep into the lungs in by breathing

Clinton smoked marijuana but never inhaled


The man charged with murder popped a valium to calm his nerves


After the meal, some of the diners lit up


use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes


The addict was snorting cocaine almost every day


She dropped acid when she was a teenager


take drugs to improve one's athletic performance


oewn-trip-v oewn-trip_out-v oewn-turn_on-v oewn-get_off-v


oewn-chew-v oewn-masticate-v oewn-manducate-v oewn-jaw-v

chew (food); to bite and grind with the teeth


crush with the teeth, making a grinding sound


pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking

Swallow the raw fish--it won't kill you!


to swallow hurriedly or greedily or in one draught


oewn-toss_off-v oewn-pop-v oewn-bolt_down-v oewn-belt_down-v oewn-pour_down-v oewn-down-v oewn-drink_down-v oewn-kill-v


We sustained ourselves on bread and water


This land will carry ten cows to the acre


oewn-quench-v oewn-slake-v oewn-allay-v oewn-assuage-v


become extravagant; indulge (oneself) luxuriously


burn off calories through vigorous exercise


drink alcohol without showing ill effects


take solid or liquid food into the mouth a little at a time either by drinking or by eating with a spoon


to smoke marijuana using butane hash oil


to be under the influence of methamphetamine


To transform an old product into a newer and more expensive form with a different use


to be especially excited about something relatively unpopular


oewn-breathe-v oewn-take_a_breath-v oewn-respire-v oewn-suspire-v

draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs

I can breathe better when the air is clean


undergo the biomedical and metabolic processes of respiration by taking up oxygen and producing carbon monoxide


breathe easily again, as after exertion or anxiety


breathe with great difficulty, as when experiencing a strong emotion

She choked with emotion when she spoke about her deceased husband


The mountain climber started to hyperventilate


The nurses had to hyperventilate the patient


oewn-burp-v oewn-bubble-v oewn-belch-v oewn-eruct-v


emit or cause to move with force of effort


When you have to hiccup, drink a glass of cold water


heave or utter a sigh; breathe deeply and heavily


exhale spasmodically, as when an irritant entered one's nose


oewn-pant-v oewn-puff-v oewn-gasp-v oewn-heave-v

breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted

The runners reached the finish line, panting heavily


exhale abruptly, as when one has a chest cold or congestion


The patient with emphysema is hacking all day


oewn-expectorate-v oewn-cough_up-v oewn-cough_out-v oewn-spit_up-v oewn-spit_out-v

discharge (phlegm or sputum) from the lungs and out of the mouth


he huffed and puffed as he made his way up the mountain


utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired

The child yawned during the long performance


the sick student was sniffling in the back row


oewn-blink-v oewn-wink-v oewn-nictitate-v oewn-nictate-v


The children squinted so as to scare each other


partly close one's eyes, as when hit by direct blinding light

The driver squinted as the sun hit his windshield


make a face indicating disgust or dislike

She winced when she heard his pompous speech


oewn-shed-v oewn-molt-v oewn-exuviate-v oewn-moult-v oewn-slough-v


make an uncontrolled, short, jerky motion


make fine, irregular, rapid twitching movements


oewn-act-v oewn-behave-v oewn-do-v oewn-acquit-v oewn-bear-v oewn-deport-v oewn-conduct-v oewn-comport-v oewn-carry-v

behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself


She falls over backwards when she sees her mother-in-law


take liberties or act with too much confidence


act as an optimist and take a sunny view of the world


act in an arrogant, overly self-assured, or conceited manner


oewn-sentimentalise-v oewn-sentimentalize-v oewn-sentimentize-v oewn-sentimentise-v

act in a sentimental way or indulge in sentimental thoughts or expression


engage in an activity as if it were a game rather than take it seriously


pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind


act as a stooge, in a compliant or subordinate manner


The children are shivering--turn on the heat!


oewn-sleep-v oewn-kip-v oewn-slumber-v oewn-log_Z-ap-s-v oewn-catch_some_Z-ap-s-v


sleep fully clothed in the same bed with one's betrothed


sleep lightly or for a short period of time


She naps everyday after lunch for an hour


Bears must eat a lot of food before they hibernate in their caves


The students were drowsing in the 8 AM class


The old man sat nodding by the fireplace


let the head fall forward through drowsiness


fall asleep fast, as when one is extremely tired

after the long drive, we zonked out and slept for 10 hours


oewn-fall_asleep-v oewn-dope_off-v oewn-flake_out-v oewn-drift_off-v oewn-nod_off-v oewn-drop_off-v oewn-doze_off-v oewn-drowse_off-v

change from a waking to a sleeping state


You can crash here, though it's not very comfortable


oewn-go_to_bed-v oewn-turn_in-v oewn-bed-v oewn-crawl_in-v oewn-kip_down-v oewn-hit_the_hay-v oewn-hit_the_sack-v oewn-sack_out-v oewn-go_to_sleep-v oewn-retire-v


oewn-get_up-v oewn-turn_out-v oewn-arise-v oewn-uprise-v oewn-rise-v


oewn-wake_up-v oewn-awake-v oewn-arouse-v oewn-awaken-v oewn-wake-v oewn-come_alive-v oewn-waken-v

She woke up to the sound of the alarm clock


oewn-awaken-v oewn-wake-v oewn-waken-v oewn-rouse-v oewn-wake_up-v oewn-arouse-v

He was roused by the drunken men in the street


The cancer cells are attacking his liver


Don't stay up so late--you have to go to work tomorrow


The anticipation of the trip kept the children up all night


oewn-hypnotize-v oewn-hypnotise-v oewn-mesmerize-v oewn-mesmerise-v


oewn-anesthetize-v oewn-anaesthetize-v oewn-anesthetise-v oewn-anaesthetise-v oewn-put_under-v oewn-put_out-v

The patient must be anesthetized before the operation


Doctors used to put people under by chloroforming them


oewn-bring_to-v oewn-bring_back-v oewn-bring_round-v oewn-bring_around-v


oewn-sedate-v oewn-calm-v oewn-tranquilize-v oewn-tranquillize-v oewn-tranquillise-v

cause to be calm or quiet as by administering a sedative to

The patient must be sedated before the operation


oewn-stimulate-v oewn-arouse-v oewn-brace-v oewn-energize-v oewn-energise-v oewn-perk_up-v


oewn-perk_up-v oewn-perk-v oewn-percolate-v oewn-pick_up-v oewn-gain_vigor-v


oewn-faint-v oewn-conk-v oewn-swoon-v oewn-pass_out-v

pass out from weakness, physical or emotional distress due to a loss of blood supply to the brain


lose consciousness due to a sudden trauma, for example


oewn-animate-v oewn-recreate-v-1 oewn-reanimate-v oewn-revive-v oewn-renovate-v oewn-repair-v oewn-quicken-v oewn-vivify-v oewn-revivify-v


oewn-freshen-v oewn-refresh-v oewn-refreshen-v oewn-freshen_up-v


Wash up hands & bathrooms well after vomiting or diarrhea


cause to be tense and uneasy or nervous or anxious

he got a phone call from his lawyer that tensed him up


twist (a body part) into a strained position


oewn-relax-v oewn-unstrain-v oewn-unlax-v oewn-loosen_up-v oewn-unwind-v oewn-make_relaxed-v


release from mental strain, tension, or formality

unbend the mind from absorbing too much information


He tensed up when he saw his opponent enter the room


oewn-relax-v oewn-loosen_up-v oewn-unbend-v oewn-unwind-v oewn-decompress-v oewn-slow_down-v

become less tense, rest, or take one's ease


After a hard day's work, I vegetate in front of the television


settle into a comfortable sitting position


make one's body limber or suppler by stretching, as if to prepare for strenuous physical activity


extend one's limbs or muscles, or the entire body


oewn-exsert-v oewn-stretch_out-v oewn-put_out-v oewn-extend-v oewn-hold_out-v oewn-stretch_forth-v


The women craned their necks to see the President drive by


change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure


to draw back the lips and reveal the teeth, in a smile, grimace, or snarl


smile radiantly; express joy through one's facial expression


The girls giggled when the rock star came into the classroom


collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack


rapidly collapse, die, or drop out in large numbers

the contestants dropped like flies when the thermometer hit one hundred degrees


suffer from sudden painful contraction of a muscle


emit a loud, unpleasant kind of laughing


she sneered at her little sister's efforts to play the song on the piano


oewn-frown-v oewn-glower-v oewn-lour-v oewn-lower-v-2

look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval


The girl glared at the man who tried to make a pass at her


The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly


to physically appear a certain way to another individual or group


raise one's shoulders to indicate indifference or resignation


contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state

He grimaced when he saw the amount of homework he had to do


make a sad face and thrust out one's lower lip


free of obstruction by blowing air through


he cleared his throat before he started to speak


take a shower; wash one's body in the shower

You should shower after vigorous exercise


bathe with warm water or medicated lotions


clean one's body or parts thereof, as by washing

clean up before you see your grandparents


to cleanse (itself or another animal) by licking


cleanse (one's body) with soap and water


surgeons must scrub prior to an operation


rub soap all over, usually with the purpose of cleaning


rinse one's mouth and throat with mouthwash


direct a spray of water into a bodily cavity, for cleaning


smoothen and neaten with or as with a comb


oewn-dress-v oewn-arrange-v oewn-set-v oewn-do-v oewn-coif-v oewn-coiffe-v oewn-coiffure-v


she asked the hairdresser to wave her hair


ruffle (one's hair) by combing the ends towards the scalp, for a full effect


apply make-up or cosmetics to one's face to appear prettier


apply a highlighter to one's cheeks or eyebrows in order to make them more prominent


apply conditioner to in order to make smooth and shiny


care for (one's hand) by cutting and shaping the nails, etc.


perform the services of a barber: cut the hair and/or beard of


care for one's feet by cutting and shaping the nails, etc.


oewn-doll_up-v oewn-do_up-v oewn-pretty_up-v oewn-glam_up-v

use special care in dressing, making-up, etc.

She dolled herself up for the night out with her friends


oewn-spruce_up-v oewn-spruce-v oewn-slick_up-v oewn-smarten_up-v

dress and groom with particular care, as for a special occasion


oewn-preen-v oewn-primp-v oewn-plume-v oewn-dress-v

She likes to dress when going to the opera


He pranked himself out in his best clothes


oewn-overdress-v oewn-dress_up-v oewn-fig_out-v oewn-fig_up-v oewn-deck_up-v oewn-gussy_up-v oewn-fancy_up-v oewn-trick_up-v oewn-deck_out-v oewn-trick_out-v oewn-prink-v oewn-attire-v oewn-get_up-v oewn-rig_out-v oewn-tog_up-v oewn-tog_out-v

put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive

She never dresses up, even when she goes to the opera


dress very carefully and in a finicky manner


oewn-reduce-v oewn-melt_off-v oewn-slim-v oewn-slenderize-v oewn-thin-v oewn-slim_down-v


She gained 20 pounds when she stopped exercising


Mother bundled up the children for the long way to school


put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice


oewn-dress-v oewn-clothe-v oewn-enclothe-v oewn-garb-v oewn-raiment-v oewn-tog-v oewn-garment-v oewn-habilitate-v oewn-fit_out-v oewn-apparel-v


clothe, as if for protection from the elements


You should not overclothe the child--she will be too hot


She was underdressed for the hiking trip and suffered hypothermia


oewn-undress-v oewn-discase-v oewn-uncase-v oewn-unclothe-v oewn-strip-v oewn-strip_down-v oewn-disrobe-v oewn-peel-v

please don't undress in front of everybody!


take off your shirt--it's very hot in here


oewn-wear-v oewn-put_on-v oewn-get_into-v oewn-don-v oewn-assume-v


slip into something more comfortable after work


clothe formally; especially in ecclesiastical robes


clothe oneself in ecclesiastical garments


oewn-inseminate-v oewn-fecundate-v oewn-fertilize-v oewn-fertilise-v


render fertile and preserve by placing between layers of earth or sand


oewn-impregnate-v oewn-knock_up-v oewn-bang_up-v oewn-prang_up-v


impregnate with the virus or germ of a disease in order to render immune


Mendel cross-fertilized different kinds of beans


undergo cross-fertilization; become fertile


oewn-beget-v oewn-get-v oewn-engender-v oewn-father-v oewn-mother-v oewn-sire-v oewn-generate-v oewn-bring_forth-v


have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant


cause to propagate, as by grafting or layering


have young (animals) or reproduce (organisms)


oewn-give_birth-v oewn-deliver-v oewn-bear-v oewn-birth-v oewn-have-v


oewn-have_a_bun_in_the_oven-v oewn-bear-v oewn-carry-v oewn-gestate-v oewn-expect-v


She decided to carry the child to term, even though the foetus was shown to be defective


terminate a pregnancy by undergoing an abortion


oewn-brood-v oewn-hatch-v oewn-cover-v oewn-incubate-v


oewn-alter-v oewn-neuter-v oewn-spay-v oewn-castrate-v


remove the ovaries of (female mammals such as cats)


oewn-emasculate-v oewn-castrate-v oewn-demasculinize-v oewn-demasculinise-v


cut off the testicles (of male animals such as horses)


many men choose to be vasectomized as a form of safe birth control


oewn-sterilize-v oewn-sterilise-v oewn-desex-v oewn-unsex-v oewn-desexualize-v oewn-desexualise-v oewn-fix-v

in some countries, people with genetically transmissible disabilites are sterilized


perform cosmetic surgery on someone's face


She started menstruating at the age of 11


The animals were antisepticized by the veterinarian before the operation


excite to an abnormal condition, or chafe or inflame


The repetitive motion inflamed her joint


the medicine soothes the pain of the inflammation


oewn-relieve-v oewn-alleviate-v oewn-palliate-v oewn-assuage-v


oewn-suffer-v oewn-sustain-v oewn-have-v oewn-get-v


oewn-wail-v oewn-whimper-v oewn-mewl-v oewn-pule-v


shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain

She cried bitterly when she heard the news of his death


oewn-snivel-v oewn-sniffle-v oewn-blubber-v oewn-blub-v oewn-snuffle-v

Stop snivelling--you got yourself into this mess!


excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin


conceive when a fetus is already present in the uterus


oewn-exude-v oewn-exudate-v oewn-transude-v oewn-ooze_out-v oewn-ooze-v

release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities


The doctor distilled a few drops of disinfectant onto the wound


be wet with sweat or blood, as of one's face


cause molten material, such as lava, to pour forth


generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids


secrete or form water, as tears or saliva

My mouth watered at the prospect of a good dinner


injure by trampling or as if by trampling

The passerby was trampled by an elephant


cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed


The sinners will be tormented in Hell, according to the Bible


I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up


oewn-make-v oewn-urinate-v oewn-piddle-v oewn-puddle-v oewn-micturate-v oewn-piss-v oewn-pee-v oewn-pee-pee-v oewn-make_water-v oewn-relieve_oneself-v oewn-take_a_leak-v oewn-spend_a_penny-v oewn-wee-v oewn-wee-wee-v oewn-pass_water-v

Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug


make one's bed or clothes wet by urinating

This eight year old boy still wets his bed


oewn-excrete-v oewn-egest-v oewn-eliminate-v oewn-pass-v


empty or clean (a body cavity) by the force of suction


excrete or evacuate (someone's bowels or body)

The doctor decided that the patient must be purged


oewn-stool-v oewn-defecate-v oewn-shit-v oewn-take_a_shit-v oewn-take_a_crap-v oewn-ca-ca-v oewn-crap-v oewn-make-v


oewn-tire-v oewn-wear_upon-v oewn-tire_out-v oewn-wear-v oewn-weary-v oewn-jade-v oewn-wear_out-v oewn-outwear-v oewn-wear_down-v oewn-fag_out-v oewn-fag-v oewn-fatigue-v

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


oewn-exhaust-v oewn-wash_up-v oewn-beat-v oewn-tucker-v oewn-tucker_out-v


She was frazzled after the visit of her in-laws


oewn-tire-v oewn-pall-v oewn-weary-v oewn-fatigue-v oewn-jade-v

lose interest or become bored with something or somebody

I'm so tired of your mother and her complaints about my food


oewn-vomit-v oewn-vomit_up-v oewn-purge-v oewn-cast-v oewn-sick-v oewn-cat-v oewn-be_sick-v oewn-disgorge-v oewn-regorge-v oewn-retch-v oewn-puke-v oewn-barf-v oewn-spew-v oewn-spue-v oewn-chuck-v oewn-upchuck-v oewn-honk-v oewn-regurgitate-v oewn-throw_up-v

eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth

After drinking too much, the students vomited


eject or send out in large quantities, also metaphorical

the volcano spews out molten rocks every day


make an unsuccessful effort to vomit; strain to vomit


oewn-gag-v oewn-choke-v oewn-strangle-v oewn-suffocate-v

struggle for breath; have insufficient oxygen intake


constrict (someone's) throat and keep from breathing


I could freeze to death in this office when the air conditioning is turned on


The new contact lenses will correct for his myopia


treat by blowing a powder or vapor into a bodily cavity


supply with a constant flow or sprinkling of some liquid, for the purpose of cooling, cleansing, or disinfecting


treat with iodine so as to prevent infection


try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury


treat manually, as with massage, for therapeutic purposed


administer digitalis such that the patient benefits maximally without getting adverse effects


dress by covering with a therapeutic substance


The doctors operated on the patient but failed to save his life


The athletes were doped by the coach before the race


The rock star overdosed and was found dead in his hotel room


oewn-anoint-v oewn-inunct-v oewn-oil-v oewn-anele-v oewn-embrocate-v

administer an oil or ointment to; often in a religious ceremony of blessing


apply a salve to, usually for the purpose of healing


oewn-bleed-v oewn-leech-v oewn-phlebotomize-v oewn-phlebotomise-v

In the old days, doctors routinely bled patients as part of the treatment


We injected the glucose into the patient's vein


introduce into the body through a vein, for therapeutic purposes

Some physiologists infuses sugar solutions into the veins of animals


oewn-immunize-v oewn-immunise-v oewn-inoculate-v oewn-vaccinate-v

perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation


treat by applying evacuated cups to the patient's skin


She fell sick last Friday, and now she is in the hospital


be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness


She poisoned her husband but he did not die


have an intoxicating effect on, of a drug


contaminate with a disease or microorganism


infect (an infected cell) further or infect a cell already containing similar organisms


affect with smut or mildew, as of a crop such as corn


destroy microorganisms or pathogens by cleansing


Your children have infected you with this head cold


stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock


injure or wound seriously and leave permanent disfiguration or mutilation


oewn-twist-v oewn-sprain-v oewn-wrench-v oewn-turn-v oewn-wrick-v oewn-rick-v


deprive of the use of a limb, especially a leg


oewn-disable-v oewn-invalid-v oewn-incapacitate-v oewn-handicap-v


oewn-devolve-v oewn-deteriorate-v oewn-drop-v oewn-degenerate-v


After the surgery, the patient snapped back in a few days


oewn-relapse-v oewn-lapse-v oewn-recidivate-v oewn-regress-v oewn-retrogress-v oewn-fall_back-v

Those who recidivate are often minor criminals


The prisoner has been languishing for years in the dungeon


Political prisoners are wasting away in many prisons all over the world


muscles can hypertrophy when people take steroids


oewn-grow-v oewn-develop-v oewn-produce-v oewn-get-v oewn-acquire-v

come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)


grow anew or continue growth after an injury or interruption

parts of the trunk of this tree can regrow


grow shoots in the form of stools or tillers


oewn-necrose-v oewn-gangrene-v oewn-mortify-v oewn-sphacelate-v


The old man rejuvenated when he became a grandfather


cause to load (an operating system) and start the initial processes


oewn-poop_out-v oewn-peter_out-v oewn-run_down-v oewn-run_out-v oewn-conk_out-v

use up all one's strength and energy and stop working


exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition


cause to do preliminary exercises so as to stretch the muscles

The coach warmed up the players before the game


The violist limbered her wrists before the concert


Let's stretch for a minute--we've been sitting here for over 3 hours


oewn-spit-v oewn-ptyalize-v oewn-ptyalise-v oewn-spew-v oewn-spue-v

expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth

The father of the victim spat at the alleged murderer


strike (one's toe) accidentally against an object

She stubbed her toe in the dark and now it's broken


We salivated when he described the great meal


oewn-drivel-v oewn-drool-v oewn-slabber-v oewn-slaver-v oewn-slobber-v oewn-dribble-v


oewn-blush-v oewn-crimson-v oewn-flush-v oewn-redden-v

turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

The girl blushed when a young man whistled as she walked by


get a sunburn by overexposure to the sun


become systemic and spread throughout the body

this kind of infection generalizes throughout the immune system


the cancer had metastasized and the patient could not be saved


oewn-exhaust-v oewn-discharge-v oewn-expel-v oewn-eject-v oewn-release-v

combustion products are exhausted in the engine


be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state


he feels like a million after he got the promotion


feel uncomfortable for lack of fresh air

The room was hot and stuffy and we were suffocating


injure or kill by knocking (someone or something) down and passing over the body, as with a vehicle


break (a bone) that was previously broken but mended in an abnormal way


The tibia fractured from the blow of the iron pipe


consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man


treat the body or any part of it by wrapping it, as with blankets or sheets, and applying compresses to it, or stuffing it to provide cover, containment, or therapy, or to absorb blood


The act of ejaculating inside another person


Acting like a criminal or antisocially but with positive connotations


to intend to release flatulence but actually defecate


wear a costume to resemble a character from some media especially anime


He communicated his anxieties to the psychiatrist


she was yakking away about her grandchildren


communicate by means of specific gestures, as an alternative to sign language


Jane shrugged off the news that her stock had fallen 3 points


oewn-communicate-v oewn-pass_on-v oewn-pass-v oewn-pass_along-v oewn-put_across-v

Please communicate this message to all employees


give or constitute a signal, not necessarily verbally

The lack of good teachers sends a strong message to all parents in the community


oewn-reach-v oewn-get_through-v oewn-get_hold_of-v oewn-contact-v


send a message from one computer to another to check whether it is reachable and active


contact, usually in order to remind of something

I'll ping my accountant--April 15 is nearing


change from a simple vowel to a diphthong


The simple vowels broke in many Germanic languages


I try to reach out to my daughter but she doesn't want to have anything to do with me


Can you draw her out--she is always so quiet


speak or recite rapidly or in a rolling voice


The store had to reorder the popular CD several times


oewn-destine-v oewn-fate-v oewn-doom-v oewn-designate-v

She was destined to become a great pianist


oewn-order-v oewn-tell-v oewn-enjoin-v oewn-say-v

give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority


impose urgently, importunately, or inexorably


The military government clamped a curfew onto the capital


saddle with something disagreeable or disadvantageous


oewn-inflict-v oewn-bring_down-v oewn-visit-v oewn-impose-v

The principal visited his rage on the students


The prisoner was furloughed for the weekend to visit her children


He directed the children to do their homework


give directions to; point somebody into a certain direction


direct and control (the flight of an airplane during landing) via radio

the control tower talked down the plane whose pilot fell ill


give instructions or directions for some task

She instructed the students to work on their pronunciation


The teacher charged the children to memorize the poem


instruct (a jury) about the law, its application, and the weighing of evidence


impose a task upon, assign a responsibility to

He charged her with cleaning up all the files over the weekend


burden with too much work or responsibility


This tax bears down on the lower middle class


the new director of the school board mandated regular tests


make a request or demand for something to somebody


oewn-request-v oewn-ask_for-v oewn-bespeak-v oewn-call_for-v oewn-quest-v


I requested that she type the entire manuscript


make a solicitation or petition for something desired


order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role

He was already called 4 times for jury duty


The unions called a general strike for Sunday


make a formal request for official services


contact, as with a pager or by calling somebody's name over a P.A. system


write a petition for something to somebody; request formally and in writing


The victim's family is demanding compensation


request earnestly (something from somebody); ask for aid or protection


take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs


assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing


He professed innocence but later admitted his guilt


He contended that Communism had no future


She made out that she knew nothing about the crime


have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming

The letter purports to express people's opinion


ask for humbly or earnestly, as in prayer


oewn-bid-v oewn-beseech-v oewn-entreat-v oewn-adjure-v oewn-press-v oewn-conjure-v

The prophet bid all people to become good persons


address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer


communicate intimately with; be in a state of heightened, intimate receptivity


receive Communion, in the Catholic church


confess one's faith in, or allegiance to

The terrorists professed allegiance to their country


oewn-intercede-v oewn-mediate-v oewn-intermediate-v oewn-liaise-v oewn-arbitrate-v

act between parties with a view to reconciling differences


revise the terms of in order to limit or regain excess profits gained by the contractor

We renegociated our old mortgage now that the interest rates have come down


The two warring parties will have to renegociate


confer with another in order to come to terms or reach an agreement


engage in negotiations in order to reach an agreement


hold a powwow, talk, conference or meeting


have a lengthy discussion, usually between people of different backgrounds


oewn-settle-v oewn-square_off-v oewn-square_up-v oewn-determine-v


complete a business deal, negotiation, or an agreement


end a legal dispute by arriving at a settlement


consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something


agree to plead guilty in return for a lesser charge

If he plea-bargains, he will be sent to a medium-security prison for 8 years


oewn-reconcile-v oewn-patch_up-v oewn-make_up-v oewn-conciliate-v oewn-settle-v

After some discussion we finally made up


oewn-urge-v oewn-urge_on-v oewn-press-v oewn-exhort-v

force or impel in an indicated direction


press, drive, or impel (someone) to action or completion of an action


push into action by pestering or annoying gently


cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action; twist somebody's arm

You can't persuade me to buy this ugly vase!


cause to adopt an opinion or course of action

His urgent letter finally brought me around to give money to the school


The confession of one of the accused brought the others to admit to the crime as well


The French try to sell us their image as great lovers


talk to someone with the aim of persuading him


He blazed away at his opponents in the Senate


The President memorialized the heroes of the battle


give the keynote address to (an audience)


The agent had roped in several customers


oewn-wheedle-v oewn-cajole-v oewn-palaver-v oewn-blarney-v oewn-coax-v oewn-sweet-talk-v oewn-inveigle-v

influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering


make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something

He had finally convinced several customers of the advantages of his product


persuade completely, often through coercion


Negative campaigning will only dissuade people


oewn-induce-v oewn-stimulate-v oewn-cause-v oewn-have-v oewn-get-v oewn-make-v

cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner


incite, move, or persuade to some act of lawlessness or insubordination

He was accused of soliciting his colleagues to destroy the documents


His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife


I let it be known that I was not interested


guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion

You gave me to think that you agreed with me


This politician will be forced into re-arguing an old national campaign


reason with (somebody) for the purpose of dissuasion


oewn-argue-v oewn-contend-v oewn-debate-v oewn-fence-v


dispute or argue stubbornly (especially minor points)


oewn-quibble-v oewn-niggle-v oewn-pettifog-v oewn-bicker-v oewn-squabble-v oewn-brabble-v


to quarrel noisily, angrily or disruptively

The bar keeper threw them out, but they continued to wrangle on down the street


oewn-polemize-v oewn-polemise-v oewn-polemicize-v oewn-polemicise-v

The two historians polemicized for years


oewn-quarrel-v oewn-dispute-v oewn-scrap-v oewn-argufy-v oewn-altercate-v

We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America


assure somebody of the truth of something with the intention of giving the listener confidence

I assured him that traveling to Cambodia was safe


She charmed him into giving her all his money


oewn-hex-v oewn-bewitch-v oewn-glamour-v oewn-witch-v oewn-enchant-v oewn-jinx-v

cast a spell over someone or something; put a hex on someone or something


oewn-magnetize-v oewn-mesmerize-v oewn-mesmerise-v oewn-magnetise-v oewn-bewitch-v oewn-spellbind-v

She magnetized the audience with her tricks


He prevailed upon her to visit his parents


The press photographers besieged the movie star


oewn-interrupt-v oewn-disrupt-v oewn-break_up-v oewn-cut_off-v

We interrupt the program for the following messages


turn away from and put aside, perhaps temporarily

it's time for you to put away childish things


oewn-rest-v oewn-breathe-v oewn-catch_one-ap-s_breath-v oewn-take_a_breather-v

take a short break from one's activities in order to relax


The musicians took five during the rehearsal


The players took ten during the long rehearsal


oewn-chime_in-v oewn-cut_in-v oewn-put_in-v oewn-butt_in-v oewn-chisel_in-v oewn-barge_in-v oewn-break_in-v

her husband always chimes in, even when he is not involved in the conversation


oewn-digress-v oewn-stray-v oewn-divagate-v oewn-wander-v

lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking

She always digresses when telling a story


oewn-continue-v oewn-go_on-v oewn-carry_on-v oewn-proceed-v

`I know it's hard', he continued, `but there is no choice'


proceed without interruption; in music or talk


pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to


make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently

Henry IV solicited the Pope for a divorce


provoke someone to do something through (often false or exaggerated) promises or persuasion


The car salesman had snared three potential customers


lure or entice away from duty, principles, or proper conduct

She was seduced by the temptation of easy money and started to work in a massage parlor


lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal


persuade to come away from something attractive or interesting

He dragged me away from the television set


entice or induce especially when unwise or mistaken


question formally about policy or government business


secretly collect sensitive or classified information; engage in espionage


oewn-spy-v oewn-stag-v oewn-snoop-v oewn-sleuth-v


The district attorney's office investigated reports of possible irregularities


examine someone's knowledge of something


question closely, or question a witness that has already been questioned by the opposing side

The witness was cross-examined by the defense


examine through questioning and answering


She pumped the witnesses for information


The suspect was questioned by the police


question or examine thoroughly and closely


the student was grilled for two hours on the subject of phonology


question after cross-examination by opposing counsel


oewn-call-v oewn-telephone-v oewn-call_up-v oewn-phone-v oewn-ring-v

get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone


If the train is late, I will cell phone you


operate a dial to select a telephone number

You must take the receiver off the hook before you dial


communicate over long distances, as via the telephone or e-mail


We telexed the information to our sister company


call in an official matter, such as to attend court


The ambassador was recalled to his country


I am busy right now--can you call back in an hour?


summon to a particular activity or employment


summon (a vouchee) into court to warrant or defend a title


She was called into the director's office


call to stop the hunt or to retire, as of hunting dogs


The students were convened in the auditorium


call to duty, military service, jury duty, etc.


The witness and her records were subpoenaed


ask someone in a friendly way to do something


We were tempted by the delicious-looking food


cause (a stream or river) to erode, as by an uplift of the land


have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to

She called on her Representative to help her


make a schedule; plan the time and place for events


assign a new time and place for an event

We had to reschedule the doctor's appointment


obtain or arrange (for oneself) in advance

We managed to reserve a table at Maxim's


oewn-forbid-v oewn-prohibit-v oewn-interdict-v oewn-proscribe-v oewn-veto-v oewn-disallow-v oewn-nix-v


prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure


He was barred from membership in the club


oewn-reject-v oewn-spurn-v oewn-freeze_off-v oewn-scorn-v oewn-pooh-pooh-v oewn-disdain-v oewn-turn_down-v


speak in a blustering or scornful manner


give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to


accept despite lack of complete satisfaction


consent in writing to pay money to a trade union for political use


refuse to pay a levy to a union for political use


oewn-abjure-v oewn-recant-v oewn-forswear-v oewn-retract-v oewn-resile-v

formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure

He retracted his earlier statements about his religion


oewn-swallow-v oewn-take_back-v oewn-unsay-v oewn-withdraw-v


oewn-retreat-v oewn-pull_back-v oewn-back_out-v oewn-back_away-v oewn-crawfish-v oewn-crawfish_out-v oewn-pull_in_one-ap-s_horns-v oewn-withdraw-v

make a retreat from an earlier commitment or activity

We'll have to crawfish out from meeting with him


oewn-revoke-v oewn-annul-v oewn-lift-v oewn-countermand-v oewn-reverse-v oewn-repeal-v oewn-overturn-v oewn-rescind-v oewn-vacate-v


oewn-renege-v oewn-renege_on-v oewn-renegue_on-v oewn-go_back_on-v


oewn-cross_off-v oewn-cross_out-v oewn-strike_out-v oewn-strike_off-v oewn-mark-v

Cross the name of the dead person off the list


oewn-dismiss-v oewn-disregard-v oewn-brush_aside-v oewn-brush_off-v oewn-discount-v oewn-push_aside-v oewn-ignore-v


We had to recount all the votes after an accusation of fraud was made


cease to consider; put out of judicial consideration


He turns a blind eye to the injustices in his office


deal with a problem by laughing or pretending to be amused by it


oewn-permit-v oewn-allow-v oewn-let-v oewn-countenance-v

She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband


allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting


oewn-authorize-v oewn-authorise-v oewn-pass-v oewn-clear-v


The Maestro assented to the request for an encore


oewn-yield-v oewn-give_in-v oewn-succumb-v oewn-knuckle_under-v oewn-buckle_under-v


oewn-disagree-v oewn-differ-v oewn-dissent-v oewn-take_issue-v


oewn-agree-v oewn-hold-v oewn-concur-v oewn-concord-v

We agreed on the terms of the settlement


We never saw eye to eye on this question


oewn-approve-v oewn-O.K.-v oewn-okay-v oewn-sanction-v


give religious sanction to, such as through an oath


I disapprove of her child rearing methods


express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent

She never objected to the amount of work her boss charged her with


he demurred at my suggestion to work on Saturday


raise a formal objection in a court of law


The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard


The authentication was counterchallenged


conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting


try to learn someone's opinions and intentions


discuss formally with (somebody) for the purpose of an evaluation


go for an interview in the hope of being hired

The job candidate interviewed everywhere


oewn-hedge-v oewn-fudge-v oewn-evade-v oewn-put_off-v oewn-circumvent-v oewn-parry-v oewn-elude-v oewn-skirt-v oewn-dodge-v oewn-duck-v oewn-sidestep-v

avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)


dodge, avoid answering, or take for granted


evade the truth of a point or question by raising irrelevant objections


oewn-get_off-v oewn-get_away-v oewn-get_by-v oewn-get_out-v oewn-escape-v

escape potentially unpleasant consequences; get away with a forbidden action


use cunning or deceit to escape or avoid


oewn-bypass-v oewn-short-circuit-v oewn-go_around-v oewn-get_around-v


stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something


avoid having to deal with some unpleasant task


avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of


deal with (something unpleasant) head on


subject to prolonged examination, discussion, or deliberation


oewn-consider-v oewn-debate-v oewn-moot-v oewn-turn_over-v oewn-deliberate-v

They considered the possibility of a strike


engage in deep thought, consideration, or debate


We bandied around these difficult questions


speak with others about (something); talk (something) over in detail; have a discussion


speak of in an irreverent or impious manner


talk at length and formally about a topic

The speaker dissertated about the social politics in 18th century England


overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof

The speaker refuted his opponent's arguments


give a defence or refutation of (a charge) or in (an argument)

The defendant answered to all the charges of the prosecution


He countered with some very persuasive arguments


The lawyer fielded all questions from the press


answer back in an impudent or insolent manner


oewn-retort-v oewn-come_back-v oewn-repay-v oewn-return-v oewn-riposte-v oewn-rejoin-v


declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of


He makes no bones about the fact that he is gay


admit or acknowledge a wrongdoing or error

the writer of the anonymous letter owned up after they identified his handwriting


She confessed that she had taken the money


confess to God in the presence of a priest, as in the Catholic faith


be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge


oewn-stand_pat-v oewn-stand_firm-v oewn-hold_firm-v oewn-stand_fast-v

refuse to abandon one's opinion or belief


The wife hunkered down and the husband's resistance began to break down


confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure


practice as a profession, teach, or claim to be knowledgeable about


admit openly and bluntly; make no bones about


refuse to acknowledge; disclaim knowledge of; responsibility for, or association with

Her husband disavowed her after 30 years of marriage and six children


authenticate, affirm to be true, genuine, or correct, as in an official capacity


oewn-attest-v oewn-certify-v oewn-manifest-v oewn-demonstrate-v oewn-evidence-v

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes


The mess in his dorm room reflects on the student


His lack of interest in the project reflects badly on him


The plane crash in Milan mirrored the attack in the World Trade Center


declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee


declare (a dead person) to be blessed; the first step of achieving sainthood

On Sunday, the martyr will be beatified by the Vatican


After he was shown to have performed a miracle, the priest was canonized


oewn-savage-v oewn-blast-v oewn-pillory-v oewn-crucify-v


He admonished the child for his bad behavior


oewn-chastise-v oewn-castigate-v oewn-objurgate-v oewn-chasten-v oewn-correct-v

She chastised him for his insensitive remarks


criticize harshly, usually via an electronic medium

the person who posted an inflammatory message got flamed


oewn-call_on_the_carpet-v oewn-take_to_task-v oewn-rebuke-v oewn-rag-v oewn-trounce-v oewn-lecture-v oewn-reprimand-v oewn-jaw-v oewn-dress_down-v oewn-call_down-v oewn-scold-v oewn-chide-v oewn-berate-v oewn-bawl_out-v oewn-remonstrate-v oewn-chew_out-v oewn-chew_up-v oewn-have_words-v oewn-lambaste-v oewn-lambast-v

The mother scolded the child for entering a stranger's car


point out or draw attention to in protest or remonstrance

our parents represented to us the need for more caution


speak spontaneously and without restraint

She always shoots her mouth off and says things she later regrets


The president reproached the general for his irresponsible behavior


We deplore the government's treatment of political prisoners


oewn-knock-v oewn-criticize-v oewn-criticise-v oewn-pick_apart-v

find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws


express blame or censure or make a harshly critical remark


She was belabored by her fellow students


The critics came down hard on the new play


The doctor advocated a smoking ban in the entire house


The minister is not preaching this Sunday


oewn-sermonize-v oewn-sermonise-v oewn-preachify-v oewn-moralize-v oewn-moralise-v

speak as if delivering a sermon; express moral judgements


The young geisha was inducted into the ways of her profession


The famous professor mentored him during his years in graduate school


be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction


cause to disbelieve; teach someone the contrary of what he or she had learned earlier


instruct someone in the fundamentals of a subject


Have the students been apprised of the tuition hike?


The reporters were briefed about the President's plan to invade


put someone through a debriefing and make him report


impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to


introduce an idea or attitude into the mind of

My teachers inoculated me with their beliefs


Please acquaint your colleagues of your plans to move


I warned you that I would ask some difficult questions


The old man warned the children off his property


She had informed on her own parents for years


supply with information on a specific topic

He filled me in on the latest developments


bring up to date; supply with recent information


teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports


tell an untruth; pretend with intent to deceive


This author romanced his trip to an exotic country


knowingly tell an untruth in a legal court and render oneself guilty of perjury


induce to commit perjury or give false testimony

The President tried to suborn false witnesses


Fibbing is not acceptable, even if you don't call it lying


oewn-beat_around_the_bush-v oewn-equivocate-v oewn-tergiversate-v oewn-prevaricate-v oewn-palter-v

be deliberately ambiguous or unclear in order to mislead or withhold information


oewn-falsify-v oewn-distort-v oewn-garble-v oewn-warp-v

make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story


oewn-typify-v oewn-symbolize-v oewn-symbolise-v oewn-stand_for-v oewn-represent-v

express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol

What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?


This statement misrepresents my intentions


oewn-tinge-v oewn-color-v oewn-colour-v oewn-distort-v

My personal feelings color my judgment in this case


give a deceptive explanation or excuse for


pretend to be someone you are not; sometimes with fraudulent intentions


pretend to be someone or something that you are not

he is masquerading as an expert on the internet


frighten someone by pretending to be stronger than one really is


oewn-feign-v oewn-sham-v oewn-pretend-v oewn-affect-v oewn-dissemble-v


represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like


pretend to do something by acting as if one was really doing it

She isn't really working--she's just going through the motions


pretend to be knocked out, as of a boxer


oewn-bamboozle-v oewn-snow-v oewn-hoodwink-v oewn-pull_the_wool_over_someone-ap-s_eyes-v oewn-lead_by_the_nose-v oewn-play_false-v

conceal one's true motives from especially by elaborately feigning good intentions so as to gain an end

He bamboozled his professors into thinking that he knew the subject well


oewn-talk_through_one-ap-s_hat-v oewn-bullshit-v oewn-bull-v oewn-fake-v

speak insincerely or without regard for facts or truths

The politician was not well prepared for the debate and faked it


oewn-overstate-v oewn-exaggerate-v oewn-overdraw-v oewn-hyperbolize-v oewn-hyperbolise-v oewn-magnify-v oewn-amplify-v

tended to romanticize and exaggerate this `gracious Old South' imagery


His advisers soft-pedaled the president's blunder


Don't trivialize the seriousness of the issue!


I cannot overemphasize the importance of this book


The director re-emphasized the need for greater productivity


The lectures bore down on the political background


oewn-understate-v oewn-minimize-v oewn-minimise-v oewn-downplay-v

represent as less significant or important


downplay one's ability (towards others) in a game in order to deceive, as in gambling


He fulminated against the Republicans' plan to cut Medicare


oewn-denounce-v oewn-tell_on-v oewn-betray-v oewn-give_away-v oewn-rat-v oewn-grass-v oewn-shit-v oewn-shop-v oewn-snitch-v oewn-stag-v

He told on his classmate who had cheated on the exam


announce the termination of, as of treaties


Don't always pick on your little brother


oewn-accuse-v oewn-impeach-v oewn-incriminate-v oewn-criminate-v

bring an accusation against; level a charge against

The neighbors accused the man of spousal abuse


blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against

he charged the director with indifference


The defense attorney charged that the jurors were biased


They taxed him failure to appear in court


make a formal accusation; bring a formal charge

The plaintiff's lawyer complained that he defendant had physically abused his client


return an accusation against someone or engage in mutual accusations; charge in return


charge (a public official) with an offense or misdemeanor committed while in office


bother persistently with trivial complaints


The grocer dunned his customers every day by telephone


oewn-abuse-v oewn-clapperclaw-v oewn-blackguard-v oewn-shout-v

The actress abused the policeman who gave her a parking ticket


be overly critical; criticize minor details


oewn-defame-v oewn-slander-v oewn-smirch-v oewn-asperse-v oewn-denigrate-v oewn-calumniate-v oewn-smear-v oewn-sully-v oewn-besmirch-v

charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone


destroy or damage seriously, as of someone's reputation


This newspaper story discredits the politicians


The newspaper was accused of libeling him


oewn-vilify-v oewn-revile-v oewn-vituperate-v oewn-rail-v


oewn-badmouth-v oewn-malign-v oewn-traduce-v oewn-drag_through_the_mud-v


be offended or bothered by; take offense with, be bothered by


oewn-bristle_at-v oewn-bridle_at-v oewn-bridle_up-v oewn-bristle_up-v


The new constitution mocks all democratic principles


The children mocked their handicapped classmate


represent another person with comic intentions


oewn-jeer-v oewn-scoff-v oewn-flout-v oewn-barrack-v oewn-gibe-v


oewn-tease-v oewn-razz-v oewn-rag-v oewn-cod-v oewn-tantalize-v oewn-tantalise-v oewn-bait-v oewn-taunt-v oewn-twit-v oewn-rally-v oewn-ride-v

harass with persistent criticism or carping


oewn-incite-v oewn-instigate-v oewn-set_off-v oewn-stir_up-v


annoy or provoke, as by constant criticism

He needled her with his sarcastic remarks


oewn-ridicule-v oewn-roast-v oewn-guy-v oewn-blackguard-v oewn-laugh_at-v oewn-jest_at-v oewn-rib-v oewn-make_fun-v oewn-poke_fun-v

The satirists ridiculed the plans for a new opera house


The writer satirized the politician's proposal


He derided his student's attempt to solve the biggest problem in mathematics


expose while ridiculing; especially of pretentious or false claims and ideas

The physicist debunked the psychic's claims


He stultified himself by contradicting himself and being inconsistent


He often jokes even when he appears serious


oewn-horse_around-v oewn-arse_around-v oewn-fool_around-v oewn-fool-v

Enough horsing around--let's get back to work!


The insurance company deceived me when they told me they were covering my house


oewn-gull-v oewn-dupe-v oewn-slang-v oewn-befool-v oewn-cod-v oewn-fool-v oewn-put_on-v oewn-take_in-v oewn-put_one_over-v oewn-put_one_across-v

The immigrant was duped because he trusted everyone


oewn-kid-v oewn-chaff-v oewn-jolly-v oewn-josh-v oewn-banter-v


She reviews books for the New York Times


evaluate professionally a colleague's work


The teacher should not deprecate his student's efforts


reduce or lessen the size or importance of

The bad review of his work deflated his self-confidence


declare or judge unfit for use or habitation

The building was condemned by the inspector


The parents praised their children for their academic performance


oewn-exuberate-v oewn-exult-v oewn-rejoice-v oewn-triumph-v oewn-jubilate-v


show approval or good wishes by shouting


oewn-cheer-v oewn-root_on-v oewn-inspire-v oewn-urge-v oewn-barrack-v oewn-urge_on-v oewn-exhort-v oewn-pep_up-v

spur on or encourage especially by cheers and shouts

The crowd cheered the demonstrating strikers


oewn-cheer-v oewn-cheer_up-v oewn-jolly_along-v oewn-jolly_up-v

cause (somebody) to feel happier or more cheerful

She tried to cheer up the disappointed child when he failed to win the spelling bee


after a glass of wine, he lightened up a bit


express that something is worthy of praise


applaud with shouts of `bravo' or `brava'


oewn-laud-v oewn-extol-v oewn-exalt-v oewn-glorify-v oewn-proclaim-v


exalt to the skies; lift to the skies or to heaven with praise


put a law into effect by formal declaration


The critics hailed the young pianist as a new Rubinstein


oewn-applaud-v oewn-clap-v oewn-spat-v oewn-acclaim-v

clap one's hands or shout after performances to indicate approval


show displeasure, as after a performance or speech


drive from the stage by noisy disapproval


oewn-attack-v oewn-round-v oewn-assail-v oewn-lash_out-v oewn-snipe-v oewn-assault-v

The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker


criticize or abuse strongly and violently

The candidate ripped into his opponent mercilessly


address with continuously or persistently, as if with a barrage

The speaker was barraged by an angry audience


oewn-blister-v oewn-scald-v oewn-whip-v oewn-scorch-v

The Senator blistered the administration in his speech on Friday


oewn-condemn-v oewn-reprobate-v oewn-decry-v oewn-objurgate-v oewn-excoriate-v


oewn-minimize-v oewn-belittle-v oewn-denigrate-v oewn-derogate-v


oewn-accurse-v oewn-execrate-v oewn-anathemize-v oewn-comminate-v oewn-anathemise-v oewn-anathematize-v oewn-anathematise-v

curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with divine punishment


read, write, or edit a shared on-line journal


oewn-curse-v oewn-cuss-v oewn-blaspheme-v oewn-swear-v oewn-imprecate-v

The drunken men were cursing loudly in the street


give a command to a horse to turn to the right side


express admiration and pleasure by uttering `ooh' or `aah'

They oohed and aahed when they unwrapped the presents


oewn-curse-v oewn-beshrew-v oewn-damn-v oewn-bedamn-v oewn-anathemize-v oewn-anathemise-v oewn-imprecate-v oewn-maledict-v


The taxi driver who felt he didn't get a high enough tip cursed the passenger


oewn-consecrate-v oewn-bless-v oewn-hallow-v oewn-sanctify-v


remove the consecration from a person or an object


make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection; consecrate


challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

We must question your judgment in this matter


furnish a justifying analysis or explanation


the lawyers tried to impeach the credibility of the witnesses


John called Mary's bluff when she claimed she could prove the theorem in under an hour


Aaron Burr called out Alexander Hamilton


challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense


to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation


The suspect was charged with murdering his wife


notify of danger, potential harm, or risk

The director warned him that he might be fired


oewn-warn-v oewn-discourage-v oewn-admonish-v oewn-monish-v

advise or counsel in terms of someone's behavior


warn in advance or beforehand; give an early warning

I forewarned him of the trouble that would arise if he showed up at his ex-wife's house


to utter intentions of injury or punishment against

He threatened me when I tried to call the police


I offered to leave the committee if they did not accept my proposal


to be a menacing indication of something


oewn-bode-v oewn-portend-v oewn-auspicate-v oewn-prognosticate-v oewn-omen-v oewn-presage-v oewn-betoken-v oewn-foreshadow-v oewn-augur-v oewn-foretell-v oewn-prefigure-v oewn-forecast-v oewn-predict-v


warn or arouse to a sense of danger or call to a state of preparedness


His words woke us to terrible facts of the situation


He tipped off the police about the terrorist plot


oewn-advise-v oewn-notify-v oewn-give_notice-v oewn-send_word-v oewn-apprise-v oewn-apprize-v


present for redemption before maturation


you should acquaint yourself with your new computer


familiarize (someone) with new surroundings or circumstances

The dean of students tries to orient the freshmen


familiarize through thorough study or experience


The travel agent recommended strongly that we not travel on Thanksgiving Day


make a proposal, declare a plan for something

the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax


bring forward for consideration or acceptance


She was propositioned by a stranger at the party


oewn-confer-v oewn-confabulate-v oewn-confab-v oewn-consult-v

have a conference in order to talk something over


attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner

The student researched the history of that word


assist (somebody acting or reciting) by suggesting the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned


oewn-submit-v oewn-state-v oewn-put_forward-v oewn-posit-v

I submit to you that the accused is guilty


oewn-submit-v oewn-bow-v-1 oewn-defer-v oewn-accede-v oewn-give_in-v

The government bowed to the military pressure


The lawyers submitted the material to the court


submit for consideration, judgment, or use


submit (a report, etc.) to someone in authority

Gov. Chris Christie has returned a bill to the New Jersey Assembly on increased gun regulations


return a bill after consideration and revision to a legislative body


propose formally; in a debate or parliamentary meeting


oewn-propose-v oewn-declare_oneself-v oewn-offer-v oewn-pop_the_question-v


The dead woman was eulogized at the funeral


oewn-fawn-v oewn-toady-v oewn-truckle-v oewn-bootlick-v oewn-kowtow-v oewn-kotow-v oewn-suck_up-v

try to gain favor by cringing or flattering


oewn-curry_favor-v oewn-curry_favour-v oewn-court_favor-v oewn-court_favour-v

This employee is currying favor with his superordinates


flatter with the intention of getting something


say something to someone that expresses praise

He complimented her on her last physics paper


mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship


mention someone's name who just then appears


oewn-boast-v oewn-tout-v oewn-swash-v oewn-shoot_a_line-v oewn-brag-v oewn-gas-v oewn-blow-v oewn-bluster-v oewn-vaunt-v oewn-gasconade-v


pride or congratulate (oneself) for an achievement


bind by a contract; especially for a training period


oewn-oblige-v oewn-bind-v oewn-hold-v oewn-obligate-v

bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted


bind by or as if by indentures, as of an apprentice or servant


restrain from independence by an obligation


The loan was collateralized by government bonds


oewn-betroth-v oewn-engage-v oewn-affiance-v oewn-plight-v


inscribe or address by way of compliment


address, (a work of literature) in a style less formal than a dedication


oewn-give-v oewn-dedicate-v oewn-consecrate-v oewn-commit-v oewn-devote-v

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

She committed herself to the work of God


They were asked to rededicate themselves to their country


The young woman took the veil after her fiance died


receive into a religious order or congregation


make an oral contract or agreement in the verbal form of question and answer that is necessary to give it legal force


secure the release of (someone) by providing security


oewn-guarantee-v oewn-ensure-v oewn-insure-v oewn-assure-v oewn-secure-v

This nest egg will ensure a nice retirement for us


make certain of the failure or destruction of

This decision will doom me to lose my position


A good review by this critic will make your play!


insure again by assuming all or a part of the liability of an insurance company already covering a risk


insure again by transferring to another insurance company all or a part of a liability assumed


stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of

The dealer warrants all the cars he sells


express gratitude or show appreciation to


express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for

We must acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us


The program committee acknowledged the submission of the authors of the paper


acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing


excuse, overlook, or make allowances for; be lenient with


serve as a reason or cause or justification of

Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work


oewn-excuse-v oewn-relieve-v oewn-let_off-v oewn-exempt-v


exempt by means of an official pass or letter, as from customs or other checks


ask for permission to be released from an engagement


refuse to testify by invoking the Fifth Amendment, which states that nobody may be forced to testify as a witness against himself or herself


oewn-apologize-v oewn-apologise-v oewn-excuse-v oewn-rationalize-v oewn-rationalise-v

defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by reasoning

rationalize the child's seemingly crazy behavior


she always takes his side, no matter how sound his argument


provide an excuse or alibi for someone so as to cover up guilt


stand up for; stick up for; of causes, principles, or ideals


show to be right by providing justification or proof


show or affirm to be just and legitimate


provide adequate grounds to justify (a certain course of action)

The emergency does not warrant all of us buying guns


He addressed the crowd outside the window


address a question to and expect an answer from


take someone's hands and shake them as a gesture of greeting or congratulation


lower and raise the head, as to indicate assent or agreement or confirmation

The teacher nodded when the student gave the right answer


make the sign of the cross; in the Catholic religion


bend one's knee or body, or lower one's head


acknowledge applause by inclining the head, as of an artist after a performance


They finally took a bow for what they did


make a curtsy; usually done only by girls and women; as a sign of respect

She curtsied when she shook the Queen's hand


I meet this man every day on my way to work and he salutes me


recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation; assume a prescribed position

When the officers show up, the soldiers have to salute


honor with a military ceremony, as when honoring dead soldiers


end one's encounter with somebody by causing or permitting the person to leave


We haven't met in a long time, so let me reintroduce myself


formally present a debutante, a representative of a country, etc.


oewn-precede-v oewn-preface-v oewn-premise-v oewn-introduce-v

She always precedes her lectures with a joke


make a preliminary introduction, usually to a formal document


(used of God) declare innocent; absolve from the penalty of sin


to absolve oneself of responsibility or future blame


announce for a score; of cards in a card game


The priest absolved him and told him to say ten Hail Marys


oewn-acquit-v oewn-assoil-v oewn-clear-v oewn-discharge-v oewn-exonerate-v oewn-exculpate-v

pronounce not guilty of criminal charges

The suspect was cleared of the murder charges


clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt with supporting proof

You must vindicate yourself and fight this libel


exonerate by means of a perfunctory investigation or through biased presentation of data


cause to be acquitted; get off the hook; in a legal case

The lawyer got him off, even though there was no doubt in everybody's mind that he killed his wife


lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of


The man was convicted of fraud and sentenced


pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law


oewn-complain-v oewn-kick-v oewn-plain-v oewn-sound_off-v oewn-quetch-v oewn-kvetch-v

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness


oewn-whine-v oewn-grizzle-v oewn-yammer-v oewn-yawp-v


We should discourage this practice among our youth


oewn-patronize-v oewn-patronise-v oewn-patronage-v oewn-support-v oewn-keep_going-v


oewn-murmur-v oewn-mutter-v oewn-grumble-v oewn-croak-v oewn-gnarl-v

make complaining remarks or noises under one's breath


show one's unhappiness or critical attitude

He scolded about anything that he thought was wrong


The mother who held her baby was cooing softly


he declaimed against the wasteful ways of modern society


take strong and forceful action, as to object or express discontent

She raised hell when she found out that she would not be hired again


oewn-gripe-v oewn-bitch-v oewn-grouse-v oewn-crab-v oewn-beef-v oewn-squawk-v oewn-bellyache-v oewn-holler-v


oewn-deplore-v oewn-lament-v oewn-bewail-v oewn-bemoan-v


I regret to say that you did not gain admission to Harvard


oewn-exclaim-v oewn-cry-v oewn-cry_out-v oewn-outcry-v oewn-call_out-v oewn-shout-v

utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy


utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice (usually denoting characteristic manner of speaking)

My grandmother is hard of hearing--you'll have to shout


You don't have to yell--I can hear you just fine


oewn-shout-v oewn-shout_out-v oewn-cry-v oewn-call-v oewn-yell-v oewn-scream-v oewn-holler-v oewn-hollo-v oewn-squall-v

she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle


shout `halloo', as when greeting someone or attracting attention


The children whooped when they were led to the picnic table


oewn-shriek-v oewn-shrill-v oewn-pipe_up-v oewn-pipe-v


oewn-interject-v oewn-come_in-v oewn-interpose-v oewn-put_in-v oewn-throw_in-v oewn-inject-v


utter or proclaim insistently and noisily

The delegates clamored their disappointment


He hollered out to surrender our weapons


speak in a hesitant and high-pitched tone of voice


The audience asked the lecturer to please speak up


utter in an angry, sharp, or abrupt tone

The sales clerk snapped a reply at the angry customer


make a snarling noise or move with a snarling noise


oewn-guess-v oewn-venture-v oewn-pretend-v oewn-hazard-v

put forward, of a guess, in spite of possible refutation

I am guessing that the price of real estate will rise again


Let us say that he did not tell the truth


oewn-predict-v oewn-foretell-v oewn-prognosticate-v oewn-call-v oewn-forebode-v oewn-anticipate-v oewn-promise-v

make a prediction about; tell in advance


foretell through or as if through the power of prophecy


oewn-determine-v oewn-find-v oewn-find_out-v oewn-ascertain-v

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study


determine the capacity, volume, or contents of by measurement and calculation


determine the amino-acid sequence of a protein during its synthesis by using information on the messenger RNA


the physicists redetermined Planck's constant


oewn-determine-v oewn-check-v oewn-find_out-v oewn-see-v oewn-ascertain-v oewn-watch-v oewn-learn-v

find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort


determine the presence or properties of (a substance)


determine the refracting power of (a lens)


imagine to be the case or true or probable


oewn-bespeak-v oewn-betoken-v oewn-indicate-v oewn-point-v oewn-signal-v

These symptoms indicate a serious illness


These techniques permit us to dimension the human heart


oewn-read-v oewn-register-v oewn-show-v oewn-record-v

indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments

The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero


The diary shows his distress that evening


show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given


oewn-indicate-v oewn-point-v oewn-designate-v oewn-show-v

indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively


indicate the presence of (game) by standing and pointing with the muzzle


indicate the fingering for the playing of musical scores for keyboard instruments


oewn-signalize-v oewn-signalise-v oewn-point_out-v oewn-call_attention-v


The U.S. suspected Bin Laden as the mastermind behind the terrorist attacks


place in doubt or express doubtful speculation

I wonder whether this was the right thing to do


We marvelled at the child's linguistic abilities


express astonishment or surprise about something


elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses

Could you develop the ideas in your thesis


develop and work out fully in one's mind


formulate or develop again, of an improved theory or hypothesis


predict or reveal through, or as if through, divine inspiration


talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion

We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal


I insinuated that I did not like his wife


suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine


I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin


make known or cause to appear with great speed

The latest intelligence is flashed to all command posts


burst out with a violent or profane utterance


suggest as a logically necessary consequence; in logic


The evidence suggests a need for more clarification


involve as a necessary condition of consequence; as in logic

solving the problem is predicated on understanding it well


oewn-mean-v oewn-intend-v oewn-signify-v oewn-stand_for-v


oewn-twist-v oewn-twist_around-v oewn-pervert-v oewn-convolute-v oewn-sophisticate-v

practice sophistry; change the meaning of or be vague about in order to mislead or deceive


speak unintelligibly in or as if in religious ecstasy


oewn-unwrap-v oewn-disclose-v oewn-let_on-v oewn-bring_out-v oewn-reveal-v oewn-discover-v oewn-expose-v oewn-divulge-v oewn-break-v oewn-give_away-v oewn-let_out-v oewn-uncover-v

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

The auction house would not disclose the price at which the van Gogh had sold


explore and expose misconduct and scandals concerning public figures

This reporter was well-known for his muckraking


reveal (something) about somebody's identity or lifestyle


to state openly and publicly one's homosexuality


The journal article unmasked the corrupt politician


produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly

He sprang the news on me just as I was leaving


relieve oneself of troubling information


give information that compromises others


oewn-spill_the_beans-v oewn-let_the_cat_out_of_the_bag-v oewn-talk-v oewn-tattle-v oewn-blab-v oewn-peach-v oewn-babble-v oewn-sing-v oewn-babble_out-v oewn-blab_out-v

divulge confidential information or secrets


refrain from divulging sensitive information; keep quiet about confidential information

Don't tell him any secrets--he cannot keep his mouth shut!


orally recite the letters of or give the spelling of


give an interpretation or explanation to


interpret (a text or an artwork) by the method of deconstructing


serve as a commentator, as in sportscasting


He explained the laws of physics to his students


clarify the mystery surrounding her death


oewn-express-v oewn-verbalize-v oewn-verbalise-v oewn-utter-v oewn-give_tongue_to-v

articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise


She swallowed the last words of her speech


cause to be heard or known; express or utter


The woman poured out her frustrations as the judge listened


He got off the best line I've heard in a long time


oewn-talk-v oewn-speak-v oewn-utter-v oewn-mouth-v oewn-verbalize-v oewn-verbalise-v


This lawyer verbalizes and is rather tedious


This student gives promise of real creativity


I gather you have not done your homework


oewn-rattle_down-v oewn-rattle_off-v oewn-reel_off-v oewn-spiel_off-v oewn-roll_off-v

he could rattle off the names of all the chemical elements


give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of


oewn-enumerate-v oewn-recite-v oewn-itemize-v oewn-itemise-v

She enumerated the many obstacles she had encountered


We must number the names of the great mathematicians


oewn-specify-v oewn-set-v oewn-determine-v oewn-define-v oewn-fix-v oewn-limit-v


count backwards; before detonating a bomb, for example


name or recite the numbers in ascending order


oewn-count-v oewn-number-v oewn-enumerate-v oewn-numerate-v


You should number the pages of the thesis


number the pages of a book or manuscript


oewn-total-v oewn-tot-v oewn-tot_up-v oewn-sum-v oewn-sum_up-v oewn-summate-v oewn-tote_up-v oewn-add-v oewn-add_together-v oewn-tally-v oewn-add_up-v

Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town


refer (a matter or legal case) to another committee or authority or court for decision


be dared to do something and not attempt it


show consideration for; take into account


pronounce (vowels) by bringing the tongue closer to the roof of the mouth


articulate in a very careful and rhythmic way


pronounce a consonant with the tongue against the palate


In this part of the country, people tend to nasalize


The candidate platitudinized and bored the audience


utter `tsk,' `tut,' or `tut-tut,' as in disapproval


pronounce with aspiration; of stop sounds


oewn-voice-v oewn-sound-v oewn-vocalize-v oewn-vocalise-v


oewn-tell-v oewn-narrate-v oewn-recount-v oewn-recite-v


twist and turn so as to give an intended interpretation

The President's spokesmen had to spin the story to make it less embarrassing


provide commentary for a film, for example


he was telling on all his former colleague


oewn-publicize-v oewn-publicise-v oewn-air-v oewn-bare-v


publicize in an exaggerated and often misleading manner


direct (a remark) toward an intended goal


oewn-elaborate-v oewn-lucubrate-v oewn-expatiate-v oewn-exposit-v oewn-enlarge-v oewn-flesh_out-v oewn-expand-v oewn-expound-v oewn-dilate-v

add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing

She elaborated on the main ideas in her dissertation


oewn-embroider-v oewn-pad-v oewn-lard-v oewn-embellish-v oewn-aggrandize-v oewn-aggrandise-v oewn-blow_up-v oewn-dramatize-v oewn-dramatise-v


describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of

You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist


state unambiguously or remove ambiguities from


give a definition for the meaning of a word


give a new or different definition of (a word)


followers echoing the cries of their leaders


repeat monotonously, like a cuckoo repeats his call


The students parroted the teacher's words


oewn-repeat-v oewn-reiterate-v oewn-ingeminate-v oewn-iterate-v oewn-restate-v oewn-retell-v


repeat a response after the cessation of the original stimulus


For the exam, you must be able to regurgitate the information


oewn-hark_back-v oewn-return-v oewn-come_back-v oewn-recall-v

This harks back to a previous remark of his


return in thought or speech to something


restate (words) from one language into another language

I have to translate when my in-laws from Austria visit the U.S.


provide (movies) with a soundtrack of a foreign language


make (motion picture sound) exactly simultaneous with the action


provide an interlinear translation of a word or phrase


provide interlinear explanations for words or phrases

He annotated on what his teacher had written


express the same message in different words


express, as in simple and less technical language

Can you translate the instructions in this manual for a layman?


make or coin into a word or accept a new word into the lexicon of a language

The concept expressed by German `Gemuetlichkeit' is not lexicalized in English


speak in a condescending manner, as if to a child


speak with spotty or superficial knowledge


discuss frankly, often in a business context


oewn-monologuize-v oewn-monologuise-v oewn-soliloquize-v oewn-soliloquise-v


to give an account or representation of in words

Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental


One student reported the other to the principal


announce one's arrival, e.g. at hotels or airports


announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding

Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city


be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism


maintain a check on; especially by patrolling

The second officer covered the top floor


oewn-publish-v oewn-bring_out-v oewn-put_out-v oewn-issue-v oewn-release-v

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale


The same family has been editing the influential newspaper for almost 100 years


oewn-circulate-v oewn-circularize-v oewn-circularise-v oewn-distribute-v oewn-disseminate-v oewn-propagate-v oewn-broadcast-v oewn-spread-v oewn-diffuse-v oewn-disperse-v oewn-pass_around-v


distribute (multimedia files) over the internet for playback on a mobile device or a personal computer


oewn-popularize-v oewn-popularise-v oewn-vulgarize-v oewn-vulgarise-v oewn-generalize-v oewn-generalise-v

cater to popular taste to make popular and present to the general public; bring into general or common use

They popularized coffee in Washington State


ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality


This product was touted as a revolutionary invention


She was disqualified for the Olympics because she was a professional athlete


disqualify oneself (as a judge) in a particular case


oewn-air-v oewn-send-v oewn-broadcast-v oewn-beam-v oewn-transmit-v

broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television


transmit (a signal) for setting off an appropriate response, as in telecommunication


cease broadcasting; get off the air; as of radio stations


oewn-announce-v oewn-annunciate-v oewn-harbinger-v oewn-foretell-v oewn-herald-v


before we had newspapers, a town crier would cry the news


proclaim or announce with or as if with a fanfare


He announced the winners of the spelling bee


call in turn from right to left or from back to front numbers that determine some position or function


oewn-advertise-v oewn-publicize-v oewn-advertize-v oewn-publicise-v

Please don't advertise the fact that he has AIDS


publicize widely or highly, as if with a headline


make a plug for; praise the qualities or in order to sell or promote


oewn-advertise-v oewn-advertize-v oewn-promote-v oewn-push-v

make publicity for; try to sell (a product)

The salesman is aggressively pushing the new computer model


advertise especially by posters or placards

He was billed as the greatest tenor since Caruso


proclaim one's support, sympathy, or opinion for or against

His wife declared at once for moving to the West Coast


Liberals like to trumpet their opposition to the death penalty


declare formally; declare someone to be something; of titles


oewn-articulate-v oewn-enunciate-v oewn-vocalize-v oewn-vocalise-v


oewn-pronounce-v oewn-articulate-v oewn-enounce-v oewn-sound_out-v oewn-enunciate-v oewn-say-v

speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way

She pronounces French words in a funny way


articulate (a consonant) with the tongue curled back against the palate

Indian accents can be characterized by the fact that speakers retroflex their consonants


articulate without making audible sounds

she was reading to herself and merely subvocalized


She said `Hello' to everyone in the office


utter with distinct articulation of each syllable


oewn-give_voice-v oewn-formulate-v oewn-word-v oewn-phrase-v oewn-articulate-v

He formulated his concerns to the board of trustees


oewn-frame-v oewn-redact-v oewn-cast-v oewn-put-v oewn-couch-v

formulate in a particular style or language


oewn-bumble-v oewn-stutter-v oewn-stammer-v oewn-falter-v

The speaker faltered when he saw his opponent enter the room


oewn-blurt_out-v oewn-blurt-v oewn-blunder_out-v oewn-blunder-v oewn-ejaculate-v


change the form of a word in accordance as required by the grammatical rules of the language


to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb


in many languages, speakers decline nouns, pronouns, and adjectives


add inflections showing person, number, gender, tense, aspect, etc.


In Farsi, you accent the last syllable of each word


oewn-vocalize-v oewn-vocalise-v oewn-vowelize-v oewn-vowelise-v

between two consonants, this liquid is vowelized


oewn-utter-v oewn-emit-v oewn-let_out-v oewn-let_loose-v

express audibly; utter sounds (not necessarily words)


emit a cry intended to attract other animals; used especially of animals at rutting time


utter while panting, as if out of breath


She heaved a deep sigh when she saw the list of things to do


utter with a spitting sound, as if in a rage


describe or present, usually with respect to a particular quality

He represented this book as an example of the Russian 19th century novel


represent or identify by using a symbol; use symbols


serve as a means of expressing something


represent something in a dramatic manner

These events dramatize the lack of social responsibility among today's youth


She is overdramatizing her child's failure in the physics class


The book portrays the actor as a selfish person


The chairman addressed the board of trustees


rise in order to make a speech or motion


The commencement speaker presented a forceful speech that impressed the students


make speeches; hold forth, or harangue with a certain degree of formality

These ministers speechify on every occasion


deliver a harangue to; address forcefully


make advances to someone, usually with a proposal or suggestion

I was approached by the President to serve as his adviser in foreign matters


put a new address on (an envelope), as for forwarding


Can you enlighten me--I don't understand this proposal


free somebody (from an erroneous belief)


I'll post the news on the bulletin board


show, express or direct through movement


shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state


some people believe they can telepathize with others around the world


He wrote about his great love for his wife


Many listeners wrote in after the controversial radio program


make consistent with certain rules of style


oewn-code-v oewn-encipher-v oewn-cipher-v oewn-cypher-v oewn-encrypt-v oewn-inscribe-v oewn-write_in_code-v

We should encode the message for security reasons


The Sanskrit text had to be transliterated


The anthropologist transcribed the sentences of the native informant


Transcribe the oral history of this tribe


put into notation, as of music or choreography

Nowadays, you can notate an entire ballet; in the old days, the steps had to be memorized


oewn-Romanize-v oewn-Romanise-v oewn-Latinize-v oewn-Latinise-v

many shops in Japan now carry neon signs with Romanized names


mark with one's signature; write one's name (on)


add one's signature to after another's to attest authenticity

You must countersign on this line of the contract


sign and endorse (another person's signature), as for a loan


boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk


write new data on top of existing data and thus erase the previously existing data


record before presentation, as of a broadcast


make a record of additions to a collection, such as a library


wipe out digitally or magnetically recorded information


to perform and record a sale on a cash register

Sally rang up Eve's purchase of tomatoes


make a record of; set down in permanent form


write, engrave, or print as a lasting record


record in chronological order; make a historical record


set forth beforehand, often as an explanation

He premised these remarks so that his readers might understand


place in a container for keeping records


record in a public office or in a court of law


The company trademarked their new gadget


The parents documented every step of their child's development


enter into a log, as on ships and planes


record a distance travelled; on planes and cars


I photographed the scene of the accident


draw a line or lines underneath to call attention to


Here the author is quoting his colleague


She could not shift so all her letters are written in lower case


You should handwrite the note to your guests


hit the backspace key on a computer or typewriter keyboard


type with two empty spaces between lines


write briefly or hurriedly; write a short note of


write down quickly without much attention to detail


describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or summary of


My Russian pen pal and I have been corresponding for several years


oewn-sum_up-v oewn-summarize-v oewn-summarise-v oewn-resume-v


make a summary or abstract of a legal document and inscribe it in a list


Only 5 of the 120 cases docketed were tried


state as one's opinion or judgement; declare


He declared that he needed more money to carry out the task he was charged with


The teacher professed that he was not generous when it came to giving good grades


make a declaration (of dutiable goods) to a customs official


oewn-affirm-v oewn-verify-v oewn-assert-v oewn-avow-v oewn-aver-v oewn-swan-v oewn-swear-v

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true


The witnesses confirmed the victim's account


attach or append a legal verification to (a pleading or petition)


You must reconfirm your flight reservations


oewn-stress-v oewn-emphasize-v oewn-emphasise-v oewn-punctuate-v oewn-accent-v oewn-accentuate-v

Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet


emphasize by putting heavy stress on or by moving to the front of the sentence

Speakers topicalize more often than they realize


This novel points up the racial problems in England


make clear by special emphasis and try to convince somebody of something


oewn-underscore-v oewn-underline-v oewn-emphasize-v oewn-emphasise-v


oewn-testify-v oewn-attest-v oewn-take_the_stand-v oewn-bear_witness-v


oewn-testify-v oewn-bear_witness-v oewn-prove-v oewn-evidence-v oewn-show-v

The blood test showed that he was the father


A restaurant bill presumes the consumption of food


He alleged that he was the victim of a crime


make an allegation in an action or other legal proceeding, especially answer the previous pleading of the other party by denying facts therein stated or by alleging new facts


affirm or declare as an attribute or quality of

The speech predicated the fitness of the candidate to be President


make the (grammatical) predicate in a proposition

The predicate `dog' is predicated of the subject `Fido' in the sentence `Fido is a dog'


The speaker of the House swore in the new President


ask for legally or make a legal claim to, as of debts, for example

They claimed on the maximum allowable amount


set up a claim in opposition to a previous claim


oewn-stipulate-v oewn-qualify-v oewn-condition-v oewn-specify-v

specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement

The will stipulates that she can live in the house for the rest of her life


They stipulated to release all the prisoners


inform positively and with certainty and confidence


give reassurance to; give or restore confidence in; cause to feel sure or certain


oewn-note-v oewn-observe-v oewn-mention-v oewn-remark-v

She observed that his presentation took up too much time


oewn-write_down-v oewn-set_down-v oewn-get_down-v oewn-put_down-v

put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.


oewn-complete-v oewn-fill_out-v oewn-fill_in-v oewn-make_out-v

write all the required information onto a form


she noted everything the teacher said that morning


reach a conclusion after a discussion or deliberation


Can you arrange a meeting with the President?


oewn-specify-v oewn-particularize-v oewn-particularise-v oewn-specialize-v oewn-specialise-v

Could you please specify your criticism of my paper?


oewn-generalize-v oewn-generalise-v oewn-extrapolate-v oewn-infer-v

draw from specific cases for more general cases


This author's stories universalize old themes


he was cited for his outstanding achievements


He said he could quote several instances of this behavior


quote a price lower than that quoted by (another seller)


oewn-mention-v oewn-advert-v oewn-bring_up-v oewn-cite-v oewn-name-v oewn-refer-v

he was named in connection with the invention


refer to people that one assumes one's interlocutors admire in order to try to impress them


put forward for consideration or discussion


oewn-slip_in-v oewn-stick_in-v oewn-sneak_in-v oewn-insert-v

She slipped in a reference to her own work


mention something unpleasant from the past


refer from one entry to another, as in catalogues, books, and lists


give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property

Many senators were named in connection with the scandal


refer (a word or name) to a person or thing


make a more or less disguised reference to

He alluded to the problem but did not mention it


move into a desired direction of discourse


`I don't agree with this,' she tossed in


oewn-opine-v oewn-speak_up-v oewn-speak_out-v oewn-animadvert-v oewn-sound_off-v

express one's opinion openly and without fear or hesitation


insert personal opinions into an objective statement


Christians refer to the mother of Jesus as the Virgin Mary


They styled their nation `The Confederate States'


oewn-name-v oewn-call-v oewn-know_as-v oewn-be_known_as-v

assign a specified (usually proper) name to


Many streets in the former East Germany were renamed in 1990


assign a label to; designate with a label

These students were labelled `learning disabled'


exclude from a church or a religious community

The gay priest was excommunicated when he married his partner


enter into a covenant or formal agreement

They covenanted with Judas for 30 pieces of silver


cause to be directed or transmitted to another place


send by rapid transport or special messenger service


Letters to Europe from the U.S. are best airmailed


communicate electronically on the computer


You have to network if you want to get a good job


He has a job disk-jockeying on the weekend


oewn-cover-v oewn-treat-v oewn-handle-v oewn-plow-v oewn-deal-v oewn-address-v

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression


cause to appear more pleasant or appealing

The mayor did not sugarcoat the reality of the tax cuts


treat from a theological viewpoint or render theological in character


to consider or examine in speech or writing

The author talks about the different aspects of this question


talk at great length about something of one's interest


discuss matters that are related to work

As soon as they met, the linguists started to talk shop


Nixon stonewalled the Watergate investigation


discourage or frighten with threats or a domineering manner; intimidate


achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose

No two of my colleagues would agree on whom to elect chairman


make a compromise; arrive at a compromise

nobody will get everything he wants; we all must compromise


compromise oneself for money or other gains


oewn-queer-v oewn-expose-v oewn-scupper-v oewn-endanger-v oewn-peril-v

put in a dangerous, disadvantageous, or difficult position


expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute

The nuclear secrets of the state were compromised by the spy


oewn-chatter-v oewn-piffle-v oewn-palaver-v oewn-prate-v oewn-tittle-tattle-v oewn-twaddle-v oewn-clack-v oewn-maunder-v oewn-prattle-v oewn-blab-v oewn-gibber-v oewn-tattle-v oewn-blabber-v oewn-gabble-v

speak (about unimportant matters) rapidly and incessantly


The magpies were chattering in the trees


oewn-yack-v oewn-jaw-v oewn-yack_away-v oewn-rattle_on-v oewn-yap_away-v