a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the potassium double sulfate of aluminum


a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the ammonium double sulfate of aluminum


a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms


a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite


a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere


a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and in various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar


a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium


a synthetic compound derived from triazine that is widely used as an agricultural herbicide

atrazine is thought to cause cancer and is banned in some European countries


a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite


white poisonous crystals; made by dissolving barium oxide in water


an oxide of barium; a whitish toxic powder


a white toxic powder obtained by heating barium oxide in air


one of the pairs of chemical bases joined by hydrogen bonds that connect the complementary strands of a DNA molecule or of an RNA molecule that has two strands; the base pairs are adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine in DNA and adenine with uracil and guanine with cytosine in RNA


a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium


oewn-beryllium-n oewn-Be-n oewn-glucinium-n oewn-atomic_number_4-n

a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element


a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals


oewn-bohrium-n oewn-Bh-n oewn-element_107-n oewn-atomic_number_107-n

a transuranic element with atomic number 107


a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder


a nonmetallic heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water


a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores


a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals


a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles


an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds


a ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group


oewn-cesium-n oewn-caesium-n oewn-Cs-n oewn-atomic_number_55-n

a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal


a radioactive isotope of cesium used in radiation therapy


a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)


a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing


a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition


a radioactive isotope of cobalt with mass number 60; a source of exceptionally intense gamma rays; used in radiation therapy


a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor


a radioactive transuranic metallic element; produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei


oewn-darmstadtium-n oewn-Ds-n oewn-element_110-n oewn-atomic_number_110-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 110


oewn-dubnium-n oewn-Db-n oewn-hahnium-n oewn-element_105-n oewn-atomic_number_105-n

a transuranic element with atomic number 105


a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic


oewn-einsteinium-n oewn-Es-n oewn-E-n oewn-atomic_number_99-n

a radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium


a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group


a radioactive transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite


a radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium


a ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group


a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores


a brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite


a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia


a grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons


oewn-hassium-n oewn-Hs-n oewn-element_108-n oewn-atomic_number_108-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 108


a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)


a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds


a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe


a hydrogen atom in an acid that forms a positive ion when the acid dissociates


an isotope of hydrogen which has one neutron (as opposed to zero neutrons in hydrogen)


a rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite


oewn-iodine-n oewn-iodin-n oewn-I-n oewn-atomic_number_53-n

a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)


heavy radioactive isotope of iodine with a half-life of 8 days; used in a sodium salt to diagnose thyroid disease and to treat goiter


light radioactive isotope of iodine with a half-life of 60 days; used as a tracer in thyroid studies and as a treatment for hyperthyroidism


a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium


a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood


a colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; occurs in trace amounts in air


a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth


a radioactive transuranic element synthesized from californium


a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey

the children were playing with lead soldiers


a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals


oewn-lutetium-n oewn-lutecium-n oewn-Lu-n oewn-atomic_number_71-n

a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium


a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine)


a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals


oewn-meitnerium-n oewn-Mt-n oewn-element_109-n oewn-atomic_number_109-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 109


oewn-mendelevium-n oewn-Md-n oewn-Mv-n oewn-atomic_number_101-n

a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol)


oewn-mercury-n oewn-quicksilver-n oewn-hydrargyrum-n oewn-Hg-n oewn-atomic_number_80-n

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures


a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel


a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium


a colorless odorless gaseous element that gives a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts


a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium


a hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite


a soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys; occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium


a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues


a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known


a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known


a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust


a bluish translucent magnetic liquid obtained by compressing gaseous oxygen and then cooling it below its boiling point; used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants


a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry


a synthetic substance that is fluorescent or phosphorescent; used to coat the screens of cathode ray tubes


a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms


a heavy precious metallic element; grey-white and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores and is also found native in some deposits


a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239


a highly fissionable isotope of plutonium that is used in atomic weapons and as a reactor fuel; produced by irradiating uranium 238 with slow electrons


plutonium 239 that is recovered when nuclear weapons are disassembled; it is stored in plutonium pits


a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor


a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite


a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process


a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium


oewn-protactinium-n oewn-protoactinium-n oewn-Pa-n oewn-atomic_number_91-n

a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead


an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores


a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health


a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum


a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum


oewn-roentgenium-n oewn-Rg-n oewn-element_111-n oewn-atomic_number_111-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 111


a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite


a rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group; it is found associated with platinum


oewn-rutherfordium-n oewn-Rf-n oewn-unnilquadium-n oewn-Unq-n oewn-element_104-n oewn-atomic_number_104-n

a radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized


a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite


a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite


oewn-seaborgium-n oewn-Sg-n oewn-element_106-n oewn-atomic_number_106-n

a transuranic element with atomic number 106


a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite)


a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors


a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography


a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)


a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite


a radioactive isotope of strontium (with the mass number 90) that is present in the fallout from nuclear explosions; can be assimilated like calcium into bones


oewn-sulfur-n oewn-S-n oewn-sulphur-n oewn-atomic_number_16-n

an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)


a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite


a colorless crystalline substance obtained from the bile of mammals


a crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium


a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold


a metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite


a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores


a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands


radioactive isotope of thorium with mass number 228


a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime


a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide


a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite


oewn-tungsten-n oewn-wolfram-n oewn-W-n oewn-atomic_number_74-n

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite


oewn-ununbium-n oewn-Uub-n oewn-element_112-n oewn-atomic_number_112-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 112


oewn-ununhexium-n oewn-Uuh-n oewn-element_116-n oewn-atomic_number_116-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 116


oewn-ununpentium-n oewn-Uup-n oewn-element_115-n oewn-atomic_number_115-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 115


oewn-ununquadium-n oewn-Uuq-n oewn-element_114-n oewn-atomic_number_114-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 114


oewn-ununtrium-n oewn-Uut-n oewn-element_113-n oewn-atomic_number_113-n

a radioactive transuranic element, with atomic number 113


a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons


a uranium isotope with mass number 235; capable of sustaining chain reactions


the commonest isotope of uranium; it is not fissionable but when irradiated with neutrons it produces fissionable plutonium 239


a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite


a colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts


a soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime


a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys


a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende


a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon


solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition


oewn-ader_wax-n oewn-earth_wax-n oewn-mineral_wax-n oewn-ozokerite-n oewn-ozocerite-n

a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles


a compact fine-textured, usually white gypsum used for carving


oewn-alabaster-n oewn-oriental_alabaster-n oewn-onyx_marble-n oewn-Mexican_onyx-n


a white or grey mineral consisting of lithium aluminum phosphate; a source of lithium


a mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group


a group of minerals with similar crystal structures containing a silicate chain and combinations of chiefly sodium and calcium and magnesium and iron and aluminum


a metamorphic rock composed chiefly of amphibole and plagioclase


a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus


a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite


a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)


a sedimentary rock differing from shale in being bound by silica and from slate in having no slate cleavages


a rare steel-grey mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur


a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons


dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium


blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite


a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements


a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst


the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems


dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock


oewn-bone_black-n oewn-bone_char-n oewn-animal_black-n oewn-animal_charcoal-n

black substance containing char in the form of carbonized bone; used as a black pigment


an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent


a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits


a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium


a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium


any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis


a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin


a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate


a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead


a heavy grey mineral that is an ore of copper


a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide


oewn-china_clay-n oewn-china_stone-n oewn-kaolin-n oewn-kaoline-n oewn-porcelain_clay-n oewn-terra_alba-n

a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)


a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal


a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium


a compound that can be converted to a pigment


a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone


a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury


greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of cobalt oxide and alumina


a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt


a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)


naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride


a valuable black mineral combining niobite and tantalite; used in cell phones and computer chips


a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone


a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks


a rare lead chromite mineral that forms bright orange crystals


a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine


a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper


(biochemistry) a waxy transparent material that occurs in the cuticle of plants and consists of highly polymerized esters of fatty acids


a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer


a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)


a surface-active agent that promotes the formation of an emulsion


(chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids


a reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins bearing cobalt and arsenic


a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals


a form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine


a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine


a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium


soft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead


any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive


a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel


a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate


a rare reddish-grey mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide


gypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared)


white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina


a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand


a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust


the residue that remains after animal fat has been rendered


ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form


a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)


a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese


oewn-heavy_spar-n oewn-barite-n oewn-barytes-n oewn-barium_sulphate-n

a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium


a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium


a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma


a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer


a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin


a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron


a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines


a grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory


a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer


a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier


a mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium


a mica that is a biotite containing iron


a white mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium


a green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects


a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt


an oxide of manganese found naturally as hausmannite


a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese


a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime


any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity


a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel


(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound


a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds


a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium


a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers


a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium


a whitish mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate in crystalline form; used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels


an igneous rock consisting of nepheline and pyroxene


an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders


a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum


a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium


rare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits


any of a class of unstable chemical compounds resulting from the addition of ozone to a double bond in an unsaturated compound


a powerful oxidizing agent; forms perchlorates


an amino acid that is found in many proteins (especially collagen)


plant materials and animal waste used as fuel


occurs in natural gas; used in the manufacture of rubber and fuels


a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air


gaseous mixture produced by distillation of bituminous coal and used for heating and lighting


coal gas manufactured for domestic and industrial use


carbon fuel produced by distillation of coal


a heavy mineral oil used as fuel in diesel engines


diesel oil used in cars and lorries with diesel engines; from d(iesel) e(ngine) r(oad) v(ehicle)


fuel that is burning and is used as a means for cooking


fuel consisting of the remains of organisms preserved in rocks in the earth's crust with high carbon and hydrogen content


a gasoline substitute consisting of 90% gasoline and 10% grain alcohol from corn


oewn-gasoline-n oewn-gasolene-n oewn-gas-n oewn-petrol-n

a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines


gasoline treated with a lead compound to reduce motor knocks

combustion of leaded gasoline released lead into the air where it could cause lead poisoning


something that can serve as a source of light


oewn-kerosene-n oewn-kerosine-n oewn-lamp_oil-n oewn-coal_oil-n

a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters


oewn-methanol-n oewn-methyl_alcohol-n oewn-wood_alcohol-n oewn-wood_spirit-n

a light volatile flammable poisonous liquid alcohol; used as an antifreeze and solvent and fuel and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol


fuel (such as uranium) that can be used in nuclear reactors as a source of electricity


a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones


a mineral that contains metal that is valuable enough to be mined


alloy of copper and tin and zinc; used in imitation gold jewelry


a yellow mineral occurring in conjunction with realgar; an ore of arsenic


a hard and corrosion resistant mineral that is a natural alloy of osmium and iridium (usually containing small amounts of rhodium and platinum); used in needles and pen nibs etc.


a colorless or pale brown mica with sodium


a colorless liquid (a cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde) that is used as a sedative and a solvent


partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried


a mineral (iron and nickel sulphide) that is the chief ore of nickel


any monosaccharide sugar containing three atoms of carbon per molecule


any monosaccharide sugar containing four atoms of carbon per molecule


any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule


a monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms per molecule


an oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in the molecule


any of various water-soluble compounds that form by hydrolysis in the digestion of proteins to amino acids


a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium


a brown form of mica consisting of hydrous silicate of potassium and magnesium and aluminum


grey or green or brown mineral similar to mica and containing aluminum and potassium sulphates


a rare mineral that is an important source of cesium


a compound derived from ammonium with hydrogen atoms replaced by organic groups; used as surface-active agents, disinfectants, and in drugs


any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active


colorless gas found in natural gas and petroleum; used as a fuel


an explosive charge that propels a rocket


a crystalline compound used as an antithyroid drug in the treatment of goiter


a mineral consisting of hydrated basic oxide of manganese and barium; a source of manganese


a toxic colorless flammable liquid organic base with a disagreeable odor; usually derived from coal


a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color


any of various metallic-looking sulfides (of which pyrite is the commonest)


a mineral consisting of manganese dioxide; an important source of manganese


a mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead


a white or greenish aluminum silicate mineral (resembles talc)


any of a group of crystalline silicate mineral common in igneous and metamorphic rocks


a brownish iron sulfide mineral (FeS) having weak magnetic properties


a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities


hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals


a clear quartz used in making electronic and optical equipment


an imitation diamond made from rock crystal or glass or paste


a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction


a rare soft orange mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide; an important ore of arsenic


clay whose redness results from iron oxide


combustible material (usually salts of lithium or strontium) that burns bright red; used in flares and fireworks


a type of soil consisting of unconsolidated material from freshly deposited alluvium or sand


the soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved


the layer of soil between the topsoil and bedrock


a mineral consisting of manganese carbonate; a source of manganese


a pink or red mineral consisting of crystalline manganese silicate; used as an ornamental stone


a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid


a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon

one milligram of ricin can kill an adult


broken rock used for repairing or making roads


material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust


a sedimentary rock formed from clay deposits


a sedimentary rock formed of coarse-grained material


a rudaceous rock consisting of sharp fragments embedded in clay or sand


rock formed from consolidated clay sediments


the granitelike rocks that form the outermost layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and aluminum


rock that form the continuous lower layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and magnesium


metamorphic rock with approximately the same composition as marl


a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat on clay rocks


coarse gravel laid to form a bed for streets and railroads


nitrate-bearing rock or gravel of the sodium nitrate deposits of Chile and Peru


coarse beach gravel of small waterworn stones and pebbles (or a stretch of shore covered with such gravel)


a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry

he had the gem set in a ring for his wife


a highly polished gem that is cut convexly but without facets


a fine-grained metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers


(geology) sediment in which flat pebbles are uniformly tilted in the same direction


a light glass formed on the surface of some lavas; used as an abrasive


a hard coarse-grained siliceous sandstone


waxy substance secreted by the sperm whale and found floating at sea or washed ashore; used in perfume


resinlike substance secreted by certain lac insects; used in e.g. varnishes and sealing wax


lac refined by treating with solvent; garnet-colored


an inferior lac produced by lac insects in Madagascar


lac purified by heating and filtering; usually in thin orange or yellow flakes but sometimes bleached white


a yellow pigment sometimes suspended in lacquer


lac in its natural state as scraped off twigs and dried


granular material obtained from stick lac by crushing and washing


resembling lac; secreted by a scale living on twigs of certain Mexican shrubs; used locally as medicine


a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together


a sticky adhesive that is smeared on small branches to capture small birds


cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive


a protein gelatin obtained by boiling e.g. skins and hoofs of cattle and horses


made from casein; used for e.g. plywood and cabinetwork


gelatinous substance obtained by boiling skins fins and bones of fish


a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass


a cement resembling putty; made by mixing ferric oxide and boiled linseed oil; is acid resistant


a cement resembling putty; made by mixing white and red lead in boiled linseed oil; used as luting on pipe fittings


an adhesive solution made of gum and ether and used to attach false hair to skin


something used to bind separate particles together or facilitate adhesion to a surface


something that hardens to act as adhesive material


a pasty cement used as an adhesive or filler


an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard


a small adhesive disk of paste; used to seal letters


any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency


an adhesive made by dissolving unvulcanized rubber in a solvent like benzene or naphtha


any substance used to seal joints or fill cracks in a porous surface


a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)


used for filling cracks or holes in a surface


a substance for packing a joint or coating a porous surface to make it impervious to gas or liquid


any glutinous material used to fill pores in surfaces or to stiffen fabrics


a colorless crystalline organic base containing nitrogen; the parent compound of various biologically important substances


any of several bases that are derivatives of purine


(biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA


(biochemistry) a nucleoside that is a structural component of nucleic acids; it is present in all living cells in a combined form as a constituent of DNA and RNA and ADP and ATP and AMP


an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia

ADA deficiency can lead to one form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease


a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP


an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage


a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions


an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles


an agate resembling moss with brown, black, or green markings


a chemical sprayed on fruit trees to regulate their growth so the entire crop can be harvested at one time


any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation


any of a class of organic compounds that have two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen atom


oewn-ethyl_alcohol-n oewn-ethanol-n oewn-fermentation_alcohol-n oewn-grain_alcohol-n

the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline


pure ethyl alcohol (containing no more than 1% water)


any substance that serves as a denaturing agent


ethyl alcohol that is unfit for drinking but is still useful for other purposes


the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom


a monosaccharide sugar having six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group


a monosaccharide sugar that contains the aldehyde group or is hemiacetal


any organic compound formed by adding alcohol molecules to aldehyde molecules


a colorless volatile water-soluble liquid aldehyde used chiefly in the manufacture of acetic acid and perfumes and drugs


a colorless solid amide of acetic acid used as a solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds


a white crystalline amide of propenoic acid can damage the nervous system and is carcinogenic in laboratory animals

they claimed that acrylamide is produced when certain carbohydrates are baked or fried at high temperatures


volcanic rock consisting of large fragments fused together


an oily colorless liquid obtained by the condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde; contains an alcohol group (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO)


a mixture of soluble salts found in arid soils and some bodies of water; detrimental to agriculture


any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium)

the hydroxides of the alkali metals are strongly alkaline


any of the bivalent metals of group II of the periodic table (calcium or strontium or barium or magnesium or beryllium)


natural bases containing nitrogen found in plants


an alkaloid derivative of the bark of cinchona trees that is used as an antimalarial drug


white odorless powdered or crystalline alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra (especially Ephedra sinica) or made synthetically; used as a bronchodilator to treat bronchitis and asthma


an alkaloid derived from ergot (trade name Ergotrate Maleate) that is less toxic than ergot; induces muscular contraction of the uterus and is administered after childbirth or abortion


an alkaloid derived from ergot that is less toxic than ergot; causes constriction of blood vessels and is used to treat migraine


poisonous crystalline alkaloid occurring with ephedrine and isomorphic with it


a bacterial toxin produced by clostridium perfringens; causes intense abdominal cramps and diarrhea that begins 8-22 hours after consumption of foods containing large numbers of these bacteria


a potent carcinogen from the fungus Aspergillus; can be produced and stored for use as a bioweapon


an alkaloid poison that occurs in tobacco; used in medicine and as an insecticide


an alkaloid plant toxin extracted chiefly from nux vomica; formerly used as a stimulant


a bitter alkaloid poison resembling strychnine and extracted from nux vomica


a strong coarse tobacco that has been shredded


a dark aromatic tobacco of eastern Europe that is used in cigarettes


a green variety of chrysoberyl used as a gemstone


cast iron containing alloying elements (usually nickel or chromium or copper or molybdenum) to increase the strength or facilitate heat treatment


steel who characteristics are determined by the addition of other elements in addition to carbon


trade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminum and iron and nickel plus cobalt or copper or titanium


an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams


an alloy with a low melting point and used as solder and in safety plugs and sprinkler fuses


an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin


a type of bronze used for parts subject to wear or corrosion (especially corrosion by sea water)


a corrosion-resistant bronze containing phosphorus; used in bearings and gears


any of various alloys of tin with small amounts of other metals (especially lead)


an alloy of copper and zinc that is used in cheap jewelry to imitate gold


an alloy of copper and lead used especially for making large pots


solder that contains copper; melts at a relatively high temperature; used for brazing


solder that melts at a relatively low temperature


an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces


the particles and flakes (and sometimes small nuggets) of gold obtained in placer mining


a pale alloy of gold usually with platinum or nickel or palladium


an alloy of nickel and copper and other metals (such as iron and/or manganese and/or aluminum)


an alloy of tin and lead and antimony used to make printing type


an alloy (often of lead or tin base) used for bearings


a fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds


an unsaturated primary alcohol present in wood spirit; use to make resins and plasticizers and pharmaceuticals


a resin derived from allyl alcohol that hardens when cured; used as an adhesive


a brass that has more zinc and is stronger than alpha brass; used in making castings and hot-worked products


an alloy of brass and zinc; used mainly for cold working


an alloy of copper and tin that can be worked


a magnetic allotrope of iron; stable below 906 degrees centigrade


a potent form of vitamin E obtained from germ oils or by synthesis


any of a class of highly unsaturated yellow to red pigments occurring in plants and animals


yellow or orange-red fat-soluble pigments in plants


carotenoid that makes tomatoes red; may lower the risk of prostate cancer


an isomer of carotene that is found in dark green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables


yellow carotenoid pigments in plants and animal fats and egg yolks


yellow carotenoid (isomeric with lutein and occurs widely with it) that is the main pigment in yellow Indian corn


a sweet tasting alkaloid that occurs in sugar beets


an allotrope of iron that is the same as alpha iron except that it is nonmagnetic; stable between 768 and 906 degrees centigrade


a nonmagnetic allotrope of iron that is the basis of austenite; stable between 906 and 1403 degrees centigrade


an allotrope of iron that is stable between 1403 degrees centigrade and the melting point (= 1532 degrees)


a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone


volcanic rock in which rounded cavities formed by expanding gas have subsequently become filled with mineral deposits


an alloy of copper and aluminum with high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion


(biology) any agency bringing about activation; a molecule that increases the activity of an enzyme or a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription


(mineral extraction) a surface-active chemical used in flotation process to increase the attraction to a specific mineral


(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected


a biochemical catalyst such as an enzyme


(chemistry) a substance other than a catalyst that facilitates the start of a catalytic reaction


any organic compound containing the group -CONH2


a substance that retards or stops an activity


substance that inhibits oxidation or inhibits reactions promoted by oxygen or peroxides


antioxidant that inhibits the formation of rust


(chemistry) a substance that retards a chemical reaction or diminishes the activity of a catalyst


a green mineral of the amphibole group; calcium magnesium iron silicate


a dark brown mineral of the amphibole group; magnesium iron silicate


a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer


a grey or green fibrous mineral; an important source of commercial asbestos


a white or pale green mineral (calcium magnesium silicate) of the amphibole group used as a form of asbestos


a green to black mineral of the amphibole group; consists of silicates of calcium and sodium and magnesium and iron


fine-grained homogeneous rock (such as basalt) containing minerals undetectable by the naked eye


light-colored and fine-grained granitic rock consisting chiefly of quartz and feldspars


a toxic mixture of gases (including carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and nitrogen) after an explosion of firedamp in a mine


a grey volcanic rock containing plagioclase and quartz and other crystalline minerals


a mixture of gases (mostly methane) that form in coal mines and become explosive when mixed with air


an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction


any substance used to slow down neutrons in nuclear reactors


water containing a substantial proportion of deuterium atoms, used in nuclear reactors


any compound of carbon and another element or a radical


any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes


a protein complex in muscle fibers; composed of myosin and actin; shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions


granular protein in outermost layer of endosperm of many seeds or cereal grains


(pathology) a waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch that results from degeneration of tissue


a protein that combines with a coenzyme to form an active enzyme


an isomer of naphthol used in rubber as an antioxidant


a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin


a substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water


a nitrogenous substance found in mucous secretions; a lubricant that protects body surfaces


a protein complex combining amino acids with other substances


one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form


a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids


albumin occurring in blood serum; serves to maintain the somatic pressure of the blood


a globulin in blood plasma or serum that is alkaline and has great electrophoretic mobility


globulins occurring in blood serum and containing most of the antibodies of the blood


a byproduct of inflammation; a globulin that is found in the blood in some cases of acute inflammation


a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair, feathers, nails, and hooves


a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi


any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions


a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets


the main protein of the keratohyalin granules

the specific target of the immune response in rheumatoid arthritis is filaggrin


a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth


a protein that is involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells


a protein in plasma that binds free hemoglobin and removes it (as from wounds)


any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid


retinal protein formed by the action of light on rhodopsin


containing chemically bound phosphoric acid


a milk protein used in making e.g. plastics and adhesives


any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar


proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II


an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)


any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin


one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response


a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer


the full complement of proteins produced by a particular genome


a protein that yields only amino acids when hydrolyzed


an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot


a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)


enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water


either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin


an enzyme that regulates prostaglandins that are important for the health of the stomach lining and kidneys

an unfortunate side effect of NSAIDs is that they block Cox-1


an enzyme that makes prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain and fever

the beneficial effects of NSAIDs result from their ability to block Cox-2


a substance that curdles milk in making cheese and junket


a substance capable of bringing about fermentation


the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment


a compound derived from ammonia by replacing hydrogen atoms by univalent hydrocarbon radicals


an organic acid characterized by one or more carboxyl groups


a white dicarboxylic acid formed from oxidation of sugar or starch


a white crystalline carboxylic acid used as a preservative


a clear liquid carboxylic acid used in perfumes and drugs


any of a class of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that form part of a lipid molecule and can be derived from fat by hydrolysis; fatty acids are simple molecules built around a series of carbon atoms linked together in a chain of 12 to 22 carbon atoms


a fatty acid whose carbon chain cannot absorb any more hydrogen atoms; found chiefly in animal fats


a fatty acid whose carbon chain can absorb additional hydrogen atoms


a fatty acid that has been produced by hydrogenating an unsaturated fatty acid (and so changing its shape); found in processed foods such as margarine and fried foods and puddings and commercially baked goods and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils


an unsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has one double or triple valence bond per molecule; found chiefly in olive oil and chicken and almonds


an unsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has more than one double or triple valence bond per molecule; found chiefly in fish and corn and soybean oil and safflower oil


a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has its first double valence bond three carbons from the beginning


a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has its first double valence bond six carbons from the beginning


a colorless crystalline synthetic fatty acid


an oily fatty acid found in castor oil and used in soap


peptide released from the amino end of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin to form fibrin during clotting of the blood


a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids


amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein


a plastic (synthetic resin) made from amino compounds; used as an adhesive and as a coating for paper and textiles


a pungent gas compounded of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3)


a complex inorganic compound that contains ammonia molecules


the ion NH4 derived from ammonia; behaves in many respects like an alkali metal ion


a salt of carbamic acid that is used as a nitrogen fertilizer


a carbonate of ammonium; used in the manufacture of smelling salts and baking powder and ammonium compounds


a mixture of 2 or more isomeric alcohols; used as a solvent and in organic synthesis


(botany) a plant product that acts like a hormone


a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth


a plant hormone isolated from a fungus; used in promoting plant growth


a crystalline acid associated with gibberellin


any of a class of plant hormones that promote cell division and delay the senescence of leaves


any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs


secreted by the adrenal cortex; involved in regulating water and electrolyte balance in the body


a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy


a synthetic progestational compound used to treat endometrial carcinoma


oewn-norethindrone-n oewn-norethindrone_acetate-n oewn-norethandrolone-n oewn-Norlutin-n

a synthetic progestational hormone (trade name Norlutin) used in oral contraceptives and to treat endometriosis


a progesterone derivative used in oral contraceptives and in the control of menstruation and the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding


synthetic progestin used in oral contraceptives


a progestin compound (trade name Provera) used to treat menstrual disorders


any of a group of steroid hormones that have the effect of progesterone


male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics


a steroid having androgenic activity; obtained from the cortex of the adrenal gland


an androgenic hormone that is less active than testosterone


an androgenic compound contained in drugs that are used to treat testosterone deficiency and female breast cancer and to stimulate growth and weight gain


an androgen (trade names Durabolin or Kabolin) that is used to treat testosterone deficiency or breast cancer or osteoporosis


a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes; responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics


a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm


hormone produced early in pregnancy by the placenta; detection in the urine and serum is the basis for one kind of pregnancy test


oewn-luteinizing_hormone-n oewn-LH-n oewn-interstitial_cell-stimulating_hormone-n oewn-ICSH-n

a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals


gonadotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; in females it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation after parturition


a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics


oewn-diethylstilbestrol-n oewn-diethylstilboestrol-n oewn-stilbestrol-n oewn-stilboestrol-n oewn-DES-n

a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry


the most powerful female hormone that occurs naturally; synthesized and used to treat estrogen deficiency and breast cancer


a naturally occurring estrogenic hormone; a synthetic form is used to treat estrogen deficiency


oewn-estrone-n oewn-oestrone-n oewn-theelin-n oewn-Estronol-n

a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency


estrogen compound used to treat menstrual irregularities and menopausal symptoms and to prevent pregnancy


a synthetic form of estrogen used in combination with a progestin in oral contraceptives


a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response

adrenal cortical steroids are used to treat many different conditions


hormone that is one of the steroids of the adrenal cortex that influences the metabolism of sodium and potassium


a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity


an amino derivative of glucose that is a component of many polysaccharides


a corticosteroid hormone that is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland; regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance


oewn-hydrocortisone-n oewn-cortisol-n oewn-Hydrocortone-n oewn-Cortef-n

an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism


a corticosteroid hormone (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by the adrenal cortex; is converted to hydrocortisone


a glucocorticoid (trade names Pediapred or Prelone) used to treat inflammatory conditions


oewn-prednisone-n oewn-Orasone-n oewn-Deltasone-n oewn-Liquid_Pred-n oewn-Meticorten-n

a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant


oewn-dexamethasone-n oewn-Decadron-n oewn-Dexamethasone_Intensol-n oewn-Dexone-n oewn-Hexadrol-n oewn-Oradexon-n

a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation


a synthetic corticosteroid (trade name Aldactone) used to treat hypertension


dye in which the chromophore is part of a negative ion


oewn-aniline-n oewn-aniline_oil-n oewn-aminobenzine-n oewn-phenylamine-n

oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines


any of various yellow dyes; not related chemically to alizarin but applied in the same manner


a blue dye obtained from plants or made synthetically


an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base


a poisonous colorless flammable gas used in organic synthesis and to dope transistors and as a poison gas in warfare


an orange-yellow pigment in the bile that forms as a product of hemoglobin; excess amounts in the blood produce the yellow appearance observed in jaundice


brown bile pigment formed from urobilinogens and found in feces and in small amounts in urine


a chromogen formed in the intestine from the breakdown of bilirubin; yields urobilins on oxidation; some is excreted in the feces and some is resorbed and excreted in bile or urine


pigment occurring in luminescent organisms (as fireflies); emits heatless light when undergoing oxidation


insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers


a calcareous material harder and denser than bone that comprises the bulk of a tooth


a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses


the porous calcified substance from which bones are made


the material (mostly keratin) that covers the horns of ungulates and forms hooves and claws and nails


a horny material from the upper jaws of certain whales; used as the ribs of fans or as stays in corsets


the mottled horny substance of the shell of some turtles


the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals


the iridescent internal layer of a mollusk shell


skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on


fine parchment prepared from the skin of a young animal e.g. a calf or lamb


the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)


untanned hide especially of cattle; cut in strips it is used for whips and ropes


an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning


the side of leather from which the hair has been removed


a soft yellowish suede leather originally from deerskin but now usually from sheepskin


a soft thick undyed leather from the skins of e.g. buffalo or oxen


a very soft leather made from the skins of calves and having a suede finish on the flesh side


a smooth leather tanned with willow, birch, or oak, and scented on the flesh side with birch oil


a bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects


a leather that has been treated with alum and/or salt


oewn-cassava-n oewn-cassava_starch-n oewn-manioc-n oewn-manioca-n

a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics


oewn-chamois-n oewn-chamois_leather-n oewn-chammy-n oewn-chammy_leather-n oewn-shammy-n oewn-shammy_leather-n

a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin


piece of chamois used for cleaning and polishing


a fine leather originally made in Cordoba, Spain


leather that has had its grain pattern accentuated


soft smooth leather from the hide of a young goat


a soft pebble-grained leather made from goatskin; used for shoes and book bindings etc.


a heavy morocco often used in bookbinding


tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing


in Greek mythology, a fleece of gold owned by the king of Colchis and guarded in a sacred grove by a dragon; recovered by Jason and the Argonauts


the expensive silvery grey fur of the chinchilla


the skin of a lamb with the wool still on


muskrat fur dressed to simulate sealskin


the expensive dark brown fur of the marten


the pelt or fur (especially the underfur) of a seal


a liquid added to the water in a cooling system to lower its freezing point


acid used especially in the production of fertilizers and explosives and rocket fuels


an unstable inorganic acid known only in solution and as nitrite salts


any of several oxides of nitrogen formed by the action of nitric acid on oxidizable materials; present in car exhausts


a compound formed from one or more other compounds in a reaction resulting in removal of water


a yellow fuming corrosive mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid that dissolves metals (including gold)


a transparent variety of beryl that is blue green in color


a bitter tasting amino acid found in proteins and necessary for nutrition; its absence from the diet leads to a reduced production of spermatozoa


a hydrocarbon that contains one or more benzene rings that are characteristic of the benzene series of organic compounds


oewn-arsenic-n oewn-arsenic_trioxide-n oewn-arsenous_anhydride-n oewn-arsenous_oxide-n oewn-white_arsenic-n oewn-ratsbane-n

a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer


a liquid that can carry large amounts of oxygen and can serve as a temporary substitute for blood


a compound that is needed in order to refine opium into heroin


a high-quality paper (usually having a filler of china clay)


the brownish gum resin of various plants; has strong taste and odor; formerly used as an antispasmodic


the residue that remains when something is burned


fine solid particles of ash that are carried into the air when fuel is combusted


mixed asphalt and crushed gravel or sand; used especially for paving but also for roofing


a light fibrous material used as an insulator


a solid solution of ferric carbide or carbon in iron; cools to form pearlite or martensite


steel that has enough nickel and chromium or manganese to retain austenite at atmospheric temperatures


a thick heavy grease used to lubricate axles


a chemical compound containing the azido group combined with an element or radical


any dye containing one or more azo groups


a red-brown azo dye especially as a chemical pH indicator (congo red is red in basic and blue in acidic solutions)


a green crystal (violet in water) used as a dye or stain or bactericide or fungicide or anthelmintic or burn treatment


a compound made up of a ring of four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom and one nitrogen atom


a dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning


an azo dye used as an acid-base indicator; used for titrations involving weak bases


a compound used primarily in veterinary medicine to rid farm animals of internal parasites


the univalent cation R-N:N- (where R is an aromatic hydrocarbon); found in salts that are used in manufacturing azo dyes


an alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; a lining for bearings that reduces friction


any chemical agent that destroys bacteria


the dry dusty pulp that remains after juice is extracted from sugar cane or similar plants


any of various powdered mixtures used in baking as a substitute for yeast


a liquid ester derived from amyl alcohol; has the odor of bananas


a white crystalline acid derived from pyrimidine; used in preparing barbiturate drugs


a white insoluble radiopaque powder used as a pigment


the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark grey fine-grained igneous rock that is composed chiefly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene


a dye that is considered to be a base because the chromophore is part of a positive ion


pig iron containing a high percentage of phosphorus; used in making steel by a process that removes the phosphorus


slag produced in making steel; low in silica but having large amounts of calcium phosphate; useful as fertilizer


dilute sulfuric acid used in storage batteries


a brass bushing or a lining for a bearing


a mixture of nectar and pollen prepared by worker bees and fed to larvae


a secretion of the pharyngeal glands of bees that is fed to very young larvae and to bees destined to be queens


bronze with 3 or 4 parts copper to 1 part tin; used in making bells


a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly flammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds


oewn-benzene_formula-n oewn-benzene_ring-n oewn-benzene_nucleus-n oewn-Kekule_formula-n

a closed chain of 6 carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached


a white crystalline salt used as a food preservative and antiseptic


a white crystalline solid occurring in many resins


a white crystalline peroxide used in bleaching (flour or oils or fats) and as a catalyst for free radical reactions


a copper-base alloy containing beryllium


a salt of carbonic acid (containing the anion HCO3) in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate


oewn-bicarbonate_of_soda-n oewn-sodium_hydrogen_carbonate-n oewn-sodium_bicarbonate-n oewn-baking_soda-n oewn-saleratus-n

a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid


material made by bonding together sheets of two different metals


a cardboard used by bookbinders to make covers for books


any one of several hundred compounds having a bitter taste; not admitting of chemical classification


a dark colored opal with internal reflections of green or red


a commercial antacid that contains aspirin; tablets dissolve in water to give an effervescent solution


antacid (trade name Prevacid) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach


antacid (trade name Prilosec) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach


an antacid with active ingredient bismuth subsalicylate


oewn-antacid-n oewn-gastric_antacid-n oewn-alkalizer-n oewn-alkaliser-n oewn-antiacid-n

an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach)


a substance that exerts some force or effect


a chemical agent for use in chemical reactions


a chemical or biological material that inhibits bacterial growth


oewn-bleaching_agent-n oewn-bleach-n oewn-blanching_agent-n oewn-whitener-n

an agent that makes things white or colorless


an agent that produces chemical reactions


oewn-desiccant-n oewn-drying_agent-n oewn-drier-n oewn-siccative-n

a substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture)


oewn-oxidant-n oewn-oxidizer-n oewn-oxidiser-n oewn-oxidizing_agent-n

a substance that oxidizes another substance


a substance capable of bringing about the reduction of another substance as it itself is oxidized; used in photography to lessen the density of a negative or print by oxidizing some of the loose silver


an adsorbent clay that will remove coloring from oils


a mass of mud that a child has molded into the shape of pie


a white powder comprised of calcium hydroxide and chloride and hypochlorite and used to bleach and/or disinfect


a solution containing bleaching agents that is used to bleach textiles or paper pulp


a viscous liquid with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent; also used (in aqueous solutions) as a mild disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) as an oxidant in rocket fuels


an impure form of copper having a black blistered surface


green chalcedony with red spots that resemble blood


the gas leaving a generator during a blow period


an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil


sensitized paper used to make blueprints


oewn-blue_vitriol-n oewn-blue_copperas-n oewn-blue_stone-n oewn-chalcanthite-n

hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate


poorly drained soils on top of peat and under marsh or swamp vegetation


a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents


ash left when bones burn; high in calcium phosphate; used as fertilizer and in bone china


residue after oil is pressed from neem seeds


fatty matter in bones extracted with solvents or by boiling or steaming; used chiefly in candles and cheap soaps and in lubricating greases


dark-colored ill-smelling oil obtained by carbonizing bone; used especially in sheep dips and in denaturing alcohol


the liquid portion of bone fat; used as a lubricant and in leather manufacture


any of various acids containing boron and oxygen


a white or colorless slightly acid solid that is soluble in water and ethanol; used in the manufacture of glass and paper and adhesives and in detergents and as a flux in welding; also used as an antiseptic and food preservative


a soft elastic silicone polymer that increases in elasticity with the application of force; used in the center of golf balls and as shock-absorbent padding


black calfskin leather tanned with chromium salts


brewer's yeast used in bottom fermentation of lager


brewer's yeast used in top fermentation of ale


building material consisting of bricks laid with mortar between them


an unstable acid used as an oxidizing agent


any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but now generally replaced by safer drugs


a reddish brown sandstone; used in buildings


(chemistry) an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH


buffer solution at the start of a reaction


a solution containing a phosphate buffer


material used for constructing buildings


insulation used to wrap around pipes or boilers or laid in attics to prevent loss of heat


any of three isomeric hydrocarbons C4H8; all used in making synthetic rubbers


a polymer of butylene; used in lubricants and synthetic rubber


animal fat is high in saturated fatty acids


the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made


moderately dense wood used for cabinetwork


colorless soluble flammable liquid ketone used as a solvent for resins and as a paint remover and in lacquers and cements and adhesives and cleaning fluids and celluloid


a flammable alcohol derived from butanes and used for solvents


an unpleasant smelling fatty acid found especially in butter


a bitter oily triglyceride of butyric acid; a form of butyrin


oewn-cacodyl-n oewn-cacodyl_group-n oewn-cacodyl_radical-n oewn-arsenic_group-n


a poisonous oily liquid with a garlicky odor composed of 2 cacodyl groups; undergoes spontaneous combustion in dry air


a grey salt of calcium (CaC) used in making acetylene


a compound used as a fertilizer and as a source of nitrogen compounds


any hypochlorite of calcium; used as a bleaching agent


a white crystalline salt made by the action of lactic acid on calcium carbonate; used in foods (as a baking powder) and given medically as a source of calcium


a deliquescent salt that is soluble in water; sometimes used as a source of nitrogen in fertilizers


oewn-calcium_oxide-n oewn-quicklime-n oewn-lime-n oewn-calx-n oewn-calcined_lime-n oewn-fluxing_lime-n oewn-unslaked_lime-n oewn-burnt_lime-n

a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


a phosphate of calcium; a main constituent of animal bones


an insoluble calcium salt of stearic acid and palmitic acid; it is formed when soap is mixed with water that contains calcium ions and is the scum produced in regions of hard water


a compound containing metal combined with carbon monoxide


the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids


a resin obtained from the camphor tree; used in making celluloid and liniment


a hard brown wax that occurs as a coating on candelilla shrubs


a resin obtained from the hemp plant; thought to be the active narcotic agent in marijuana


a bituminous coal that burns with a luminous flame


a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats; has an unpleasant smell resembling goats


a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats or made synthetically; smells like goats


a fatty acid having a rancid taste; found in butter and other fats and oils


an acid that is known only by virtue of its salts (as ammonium carbamate) or its esters (as urethane)


a binary compound of carbon with a more electropositive element


an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain


an alloy based on tungsten with cobalt or nickel as a binder; used in making metal-cutting tools


an inferior dark diamond used in industry for drilling and polishing


oewn-carbon_black-n oewn-lampblack-n oewn-soot-n oewn-smut-n oewn-crock-n

a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers


an alloy of copper and zinc (containing about 30% zinc) that is wrought into cartridges or tubing


steel with a surface that is much harder than the interior metal


oewn-cellulose_nitrate-n oewn-nitrocellulose-n oewn-guncotton-n oewn-nitrocotton-n

a nitric acid ester; used in lacquers and explosives


a colorless syrupy solution of pyroxylin in ether and alcohol; used as a coating for wounds or photographic films


nitrocellulose containing less nitrogen than guncotton; used in making smokeless powder


highly flammable nitrocellulose used in making collodion and plastics and lacquers


one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body


used to manufacture fructose and in assessing kidney function


oewn-carbolic_acid-n oewn-phenol-n oewn-hydroxybenzene-n oewn-oxybenzene-n oewn-phenylic_acid-n

a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally


powdered or granular carbon used for purifying by adsorption; given orally (as a slurry) it is an antidote for some kinds of poisons


used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors


graphite (or a similar substance) used in such a way as to be a medium of communication


a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis


the atmosphere in a mine following an explosion; high in carbon dioxide and incapable of supporting life


a toxic colorless flammable liquid (CS2); used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophane and carbon tetrachloride and as a solvent for rubber


an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon


a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper


oewn-carbon_tetrachloride-n oewn-carbon_tet-n oewn-tetrachloromethane-n oewn-perchloromethane-n

a colorless nonflammable liquid used as a solvent for fats and oils; because of its toxicity its use as a cleaning fluid or fire extinguisher has declined


compounds composed of 1 carbon and 4 halogen molecules


a salt or ester of carbonic acid (containing the anion CO3)


a fulminate that when dry explodes violently if struck or heated; used in detonators and blasting caps and percussion caps


a weak acid known only in solution; formed when carbon dioxide combines with water


an abrasive composed of silicon carbide crystals


thick white paper for pencil and ink drawings


a coenzyme important in respiration in the Krebs cycle


a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes


a coenzyme present in all living cells; essential to metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and some amino acids


a substance (as a coenzyme) that must join with another to produce a given result


a minor chemical constituent that gives a wine or liquor its distinctive character


cardboard with corrugations (can be glued to flat cardboard on one or both sides)


stiff cardboard made by pasting together layers of paper


a coarse yellow cardboard made of straw pulp


a translucent red or orange variety of chalcedony


a colloidal extract from carrageen seaweed and other red algae


an alloy of iron containing so much carbon that it is brittle and so cannot be wrought but must be shaped by casting


iron having a low carbon content that is tough and malleable and so can be forged and welded


an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range


steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion


steel whose characteristics are determined by the amount of carbon it contains


steel made by the mixture of molten wrought iron, charcoal, and other substances in a crucible


a hard resilient steel often decorated and used for sword blades


a mass of woven steel fibers used as an abrasive


a class of synthetic detergents in which the surface-active part of the molecule is the cation


any of various gems (as chrysoberyl or chalcedony) that reflect light when cut in a rounded shape


a plastic made from cellulose (or a derivative of cellulose)


a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay; used with water and sand or gravel to make concrete and mortar


concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement

they stood on the grey cement beside the pool


any of various materials used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth


concrete with metal and/or mesh added to provide extra support against stresses


a cement that hardens under water; made by heating limestone and clay in a kiln and pulverizing the result


a chemical compound that is a constituent of steel and cast iron; very hard and brittle


light greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of oxides of cobalt and tin


a cationic detergent that is a powerful disinfectant


a small piece of paper that is supposed to be removed when a hole is punched in a card or paper tape


oewn-chaff-n oewn-husk-n oewn-shuck-n oewn-stalk-n oewn-straw-n oewn-stubble-n

material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds


broken husks of the seeds of cereal grains that are separated from the flour by sifting


a milky or greyish translucent to transparent quartz


a greenish grey or black silicate of iron and aluminum


material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules


any organic substance that occurs in neural activity


a neurochemical that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse


a monoamine that is functionally important in neural transmission


any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland


the chemical group that gives color to a molecule


a neurotransmitter involved in e.g. sleep and depression and memory


a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems


organic compounds that react with water to form an acid


organic compounds containing the group -COX where X is a halogen atom


colorless liquid acyl chloride (CH3COCl) that has a pungent odor


a neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties


an endorphin produced by the pituitary gland that suppresses pain


an endorphin having opiate qualities that occurs in the brain and spinal cord and elsewhere


any alloy that fuses at low temperatures and can be used molding artificial teeth


an explosive gas (ClO2) used chiefly in bleaching paper or starch or soap or flour and in water purification


an aqueous solution of chlorine used as a bleaching agent


a heavy colorless insoluble liquid compound that causes tears and vomiting; used as a pesticide and as tear gas


gaseous form of chloropicrin used as tear gas


a B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat


another word for chromium when it is used in dyes or pigments


Elinvar is a trademark for a kind of steel used for watch springs because its elasticity is constant over a wide range of temperatures


a steel alloy made with chromium and tungsten


any of a class of green pigments consisting of chrome yellow and iron blue


green pigment consisting of Prussian blue mixed with gamboge


any of several yellow pigments consisting of normal lead chromate and other lead compounds


an unstable acid known only in solution and as chromate salts


a poisonous chromate of lead used as a pigment in paint


a brown or yellow-green olivine found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a gemstone


a green variety of chalcedony valued as a gemstone


a microscopic particle of triglycerides produced in the intestines during digestion; in the bloodstream they release their fatty acids into the blood


a strong tissue paper that burns evenly and is sufficiently porous to control the burning of the tobacco in a cigarette


pig iron containing a substantial proportion of slag


a weak water-soluble acid found in many fruits (especially citrus fruits); used as a flavoring agent


semiprecious yellow quartz resembling topaz


a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired


fine white clay used in making tobacco pipes and pottery and in whitening leather


an absorbent aluminum silicate clay formed from volcanic ash


granulated clay; placed in a container where it absorbs the waste products of a cat or dog


clay that does not contain any iron; used in making pottery or for modeling


potter's clay that is thinned and used for coating or decorating ceramics


fine-grained rock consisting of compacted clay particles


fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period


a hard natural coal that burns slowly and gives intense heat


rich in tarry hydrocarbons; burns readily with a smoky yellow flame


intermediate between peat and bituminous coal


pulverized bituminous coal; used as a foundry facing


coal suitable for use under steam boilers


an oil obtained from the livers of cod and similar fishes; taken orally as a source of vitamins A and D


an inferior cod-liver oil that is used in leather manufacturing


a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics


a specific sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA or RNA that specifies the genetic code information for synthesizing a particular amino acid


a silver of the degree of purity established for making legal silver coins


a substance that can be burned to provide heat or power


single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase


cDNA copy of the RNA genome of a retrovirus; the genetic material of a virus as incorporated into and able to replicate with the genome of a host cell


DNA that is not incorporated into the genome but is replicated together with the genome (especially in bacterial cells)


a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated


strong lightweight material developed in the laboratory; fibers of more than one kind are bonded together chemically


a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride


a mixture of decaying vegetation and manure; used as a fertilizer


(chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight


any of several different crystalline forms of the same chemical compound

calcium carbonate occurs in the allomorphs calcite and aragonite


paper folded to permit continuous printing controlled by a computer


a strong hard building material composed of sand and gravel and cement and water


a mixture of two partially miscible liquids A and B produces two conjugate solutions: one of A in B and another of B in A


a gum resin from the poison hemlock, Conium maculatum


an alloy of copper and nickel with high electrical resistance and a low temperature coefficient; used as resistance wire


paper suitable for drawing and making cutouts


a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat


a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities


a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity


glass fibers spun and massed into bundles resembling wool


a fluid agent (gas or liquid) that produces cooling; especially one used to cool a system by transferring heat away from one part to another

he added more coolant to the car's radiator


any alloy whose principal component is copper


oewn-copper_sulfate-n oewn-copper_sulphate-n oewn-cupric_sulfate-n oewn-cupric_sulphate-n

a copper salt made by the action of sulfuric acid on copper oxide


the hard stony skeleton of a Mediterranean coral that has a delicate red or pink color and is used for jewelry


outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.


a heat-insulating building material consisting of cork granules that are made into sheets by compressing and baking


(botany) outer tissue of bark; a protective layer of dead cells


dextrose made by hydrolysis of cornstarch


a substance having the tendency to cause corrosion (such a strong acids or alkali)


any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum


a compound of alumina and a metallic oxide


oewn-aluminum_hydroxide-n oewn-aluminium_hydroxide-n oewn-hydrated_aluminum_oxide-n oewn-hydrated_aluminium_oxide-n

white crystalline compound that occurs naturally as the mineral gibbsite


the solid matter remaining after oil has been pressed from cottonseeds


a thermoplastic resin obtained by polymerization of indene and coumarone; used in coatings and paint and asphalt tile


a colorless liquid hydrocarbon extracted from petroleum or coal tar and used in making synthetic resins


a material used by builders to cover surfaces


an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates both in the free form and as phosphocreatine; supplies energy for muscle contraction


a colorless to yellow aromatic liquid that is a constituent of creosote


a dark oily liquid obtained by distillation of coal tar; used as a preservative for wood


a colorless or yellowish oily liquid obtained by distillation of wood tar; used as an antiseptic


any of three poisonous colorless isomeric phenols; derived from coal or wood tar; used as a disinfectant


paper with a crinkled texture; usually colored and used for decorations


a liquid that boils at below -160 C and is used as a refrigerant


a weak soluble dibasic acid (the parent acid of cyanamide salts)


a colorless poisonous volatile liquid acid that hydrolyzes readily to ammonia and carbon dioxide


an extremely poisonous salt of hydrocyanic acid


a white poisonous salt (NaCN) used in electroplating


a colorless toxic gas with a pungent almond odor; has been used in chemical warfare


oewn-cyano_group-n oewn-cyano_radical-n oewn-cyanide_group-n oewn-cyanide_radical-n

the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound


any of a class of organic compounds containing the cyano radical -CN


any organic compound in which the cyano radical -CN and the hydroxyl radical -OH are attached to the same carbon atom


a colorless oily alcohol that smells like camphor


any of three isotopes of a colorless aromatic liquid hydrocarbon occurring in the volatile oil of cumin and thyme and used in the manufacture of synthetic resins


any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system


a substance that partly or completely destroys animal cells


a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine


any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group


a chemical that is sprayed on plants and causes their leaves to fall off


an enzyme that removes the iodine radical


a garnet consisting of calcium iron silicate and having any color ranging from yellow and green to brown and black; used as gemstone


a light brown raw cane sugar from Guyana


one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA, also known as deoxyadenylate, or dAMP; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA, also known as also known as deoxycytidylate, or dCMP; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA, also known as deoxyguanylate, or dGMP; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA, also known as 5'-thymidylate, thymidylate, or TMP; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information


sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures


sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein


stretches of DNA that do not code for genes


genetically engineered DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different organisms


an end of DNA in which one strand of the double helix extends a few units beyond the other


a segment of DNA that can become integrated at many different sites along a chromosome (especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole)


a transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid


(biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell

ribonucleic acid is the genetic material of some viruses


oewn-messenger_RNA-n oewn-mRNA-n oewn-template_RNA-n oewn-informational_RNA-n

the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell


ribonucleic acid found in the nucleolus of the cell


oewn-transfer_RNA-n oewn-tRNA-n oewn-acceptor_RNA-n oewn-soluble_RNA-n

RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)


a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids


a chemical (usually a sulfide) used to remove hair or wool or bristles from hides


a compound obtained from, or regarded as derived from, another compound


a type of soil that develops in arid climates


water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air

in the morning the grass was wet with dew


any of various polysaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of starch; a tasteless and odorless gummy substance that is used as a thickening agent and in adhesives and in dietary supplements


very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem


a compound whose molecules are composed of two identical monomers


a compound used in analysis as a precipitant for palladium or nickel


a chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attached


any of a class of alcohols having 2 hydroxyl groups in each molecule


an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule


any of several toxic or carcinogenic hydrocarbons that occur as impurities in herbicides


an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides


any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis


water in which dishes and cooking utensils are washed


a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distilling


water that has been purified by distillation


gases ejected from an engine as waste products


the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore


wood that is floating or that has been washed ashore


carbon steel used for rock drills and dowels


an omega-3 fatty acid with 22 carbon atoms; found in fish (especially tuna and bluefish)


a kind of sedimentary rock resembling marble or limestone but rich in magnesium carbonate


a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotension


the residue of partially burnt tobacco left caked in the bowl of a pipe after smoking


a dark red resinous substance derived from various trees and used in photoengraving


paper that is specially prepared for use in drafting


a mixture of clays and chemicals and water; pumped down the drill pipe to lubricate and cool the drilling bit and to flush out the cuttings and to strengthen the sides of the hole


tallow mixed with oil; used to make leather soft and waterproof


a small discrete mass of solid or liquid matter that remains individually dispersed in gas or liquid emissions (usually considered to be an atmospheric pollutant)


dust resulting from writing with a piece of chalk