oewn-seidhr-n oewn-seidh-n oewn-seidr-n oewn-seithr-n oewn-seith-n oewn-seid-n

an Old Norse term for a type of sorcery which was practiced in Norse society during the Late Scandinavian Iron Age.

Of all the reconstructed systems of archaic magickal practice, Seiðr seems to be one of the most misunderstood.


Technical term in Hinduism used to classify philosophical schools and persons that do not accept the authority of the Vedas as supreme revealed scriptures.

Of the thinkers we will examine Bhartrhari, Sankara, and Aurobindo may be taken as representative of Hindu astika schools, while the Buddhist Nagarjuna comes from a nastika school.


a system in which a person's descent is traced through their mother and her maternal ancestors.


a political ideology that seeks to find a balance between individual liberty and social justice.

The social liberalism of Roosevelt's vision for old age security was clearly expressed in his advocacy of contributory old age insurance as Governor of New York.


an intellectual movement originating from 19th century that wanted the Russian Empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history.

The growth of medieval scholarship coincided with the emergence in the early 19th century of Pan-Slavism in the South Slavic and Western Slavic lands and what is called Slavophilia in Russia.


the classical synthesis of Islamic philosophical theology, formulated by al-Ash'ari.

Ash'arism, the "middle-road" theology, combined the logical methodology of the Mu'tazilites and the beliefs of the Traditionalists.


the standard deviation of a random sample taken from a statistical population.

The sample standard deviation distribution is a slightly complicated, though well-studied and well-understood, function.


the standard deviation of points formed around a linear function, and an estimate of the accuracy of the dependent variable being measured.

Therefore, a residual standard deviation of 0.345 means that about 95% of prediction errors will be less than 2(0.345) 0.690.


examination or observation of what is outside oneself, as opposed to introspection.

The botanist is a ceremonial sort, his extrospection the work of a husbandman of the mind.


when an individual believes that the cause of negative events is consistent across different contexts.

He could either make the global attribution that he is always hopeless at anything practical or the specific one that he only has trouble with flat-pack assembly.


an attribution that does not change over time or across situations.

If you infer that Charley has always been a math wizard, you have made both a person attribution and a stable attribution, also called a person-stable attribution.


A tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way.

Previous research has indicated only indirectly that arousal may serve to mediate the defensive attribution of responsibility to a victim.


a statement of how and why particular facts about the social world are related.

An example of a sociological theory is the work of Robert Putnam on the decline of civic engagement.


belief in a priori principles or reasoning; specifically : the doctrine that knowledge rests upon principles that are self-evident to reason or are presupposed by experience in general.

Nevertheless, the apriorism of both neoclassical and Austrian economics is vulnerable to the kind of criticism Dewey used against Kant.


in physics, the theory that describes the weak force.

Fermi's 'theory of β rays' or, as it came to be called, the theory of weak interaction, was decisively advanced by two experimental discoveries.


An evaluation undertaken during the implementation phase of a project.

Ongoing evaluation can influence both the scope of the programme and the selection of projects, as well as programme implementation arrangements.


a type of summative evaluation of an initiative after it has been completed.

This ex post evaluation of exceptional access under the 2010 stand-by arrangement on Greece was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund.


a forward-looking assessment of the likely future effects of new initiatives.

The purpose of ex ante evaluation is to optimise the allocation of resources and to improve the quality of programming.


a theorem that describes the circumstances under which the the strong law of large numbers holds.

In this paper, Kolmogorov's strong law of large numbers for sums of independent and level-wise identically distributed fuzzy random variables is obtained.


A version of the law of large numbers that states that the sample average converges almost surely to the expected value.

The mathematical relation between these two experiments was recognized in 1909 by the French mathematician Émile Borel, who used the then new ideas of measure theory to give a precise mathematical model and to formulate what is now called the strong law of large numbers for fair coin tossing.


(Psychology) a school of thought postulating that the personality of an individual is dependent on the type of his physique (somatotype).

Constitutional psychology is a now discredited theory, developed in the 1940s by American psychologist William Herbert Sheldon, associating body types with human temperament types.


analysis of sickness within the framework of the body's failure to deal with the burden of toxins. Homeopathic remedies often are used as treatment. Developed by Hans Heinrich Reckeweg.

Homotoxicology is a model of disease and treatment based on quack medicine and pseudoscience.


the property of being only partially aware of or sensitive to something.

But there was between the cousins another far less obvious antipathy — coming from the unseizable family resemblance, which each perhaps resented; or from some half-consciousness of that old feud persisting still between their branches of the clan, formed within them by odd words or half-hints dropped by their elders.


a formal exploration of addictions from a variety of academic and scientific perspectives: sociological, cultural, psychological, anthropological, and psychoanalytic.

Experiments psychologists Mark Sobell and Linda Sobell provided powerful momentum to the anti-abstinence movement in addiction studies in the 1970s by showing that controlled drinking was not only possible but demonstrated success in recovery.


the philosophical theories of Nietzsche advocating the overcoming of both a threatening nihilism and a slave morality as exemplified for him in historical Christianity through a reevaluation of all values on the basis of a will to power epitomized in his doctrine of the superman and the idea of the eternal recurrence of all things.

Vattimo presents an interesting case, because he has long been an influential Nietzsche scholar, and he has recently recounted his own return to religion, and his attempt to reconcile it with his Nietzscheanism, in terms that are both personal and philosophical.


(Judeo-Christian theology), the belief that God created this world out of nothing.


the quality or state of being demanding or unyielding.

Since I was a guest in their home, I was not about to critique the dinner with the exactingness of a professional restaurant reviewer.


the scientific study or description of the sense organs and sensations.

However, her knowledge of esthesiology and diagnosis were solid and very convincing (the comprehensible parts were, anyway).


when a person's thoughts and feelings are rejected, ignored, or judged.

Invalidation is emotionally upsetting for anyone, but particularly hurtful for someone who is emotionally sensitive.


the scientific study of smells or of the sense of smell.

Suitably equipped, man and rodent traded sniff for sniff in what must haye been one of the most exciting contests in the history of olfactology.


(psychology) perception of or reaction to a stimulus that occurs without awareness or consciousness.

Subliminal perception or cognition is a subset of unconscious cognition where the forms of unconscious cognition also include attending to one signal in a noisy environment while unconsciously keeping track of other signals (e.g one voice out of many in a crowded room) and tasks done automatically (e.g. driving a car).


the philosophy of Albertus Magnus, a German scholastic philosopher (1193-1280).

These differences articulated themselves in medieval thought in the form of philosophical schools, the best-known of which are Thomism, Scotism, Albertism, and nominalism.


the philosophical theory that energy is the substrate of all phenomena and that all observable changes can be interpreted as transformations of one kind of energy into another.

Ostwald's philosophical outlook, known as energetism or energetic monism, was strongly influenced by his scientific background and by the state of physical science at the end of the nineteenth century.


Although in one sense Abelard's attempt must be profoundly respected, yet practically no consequences worth mentioning have matured from it; for he was able to establish no mediatory psychological function beyond conceptualism or sermonism, which is merely a revised edition, altogether one-sided and intellectual, of the ancient Logos conception.


Forecasting technique which uses statistical methods (such as exponential smoothing or moving averages) to project the future pattern of a time series data.

Accurate trend extrapolation is the most important part of future planning.


application of the economic concepts and economic analysis to the problems of formulating rational managerial decisions.

In managerial economics, the relationship between how much customers must pay for an item and how much customers buy is called demand.


a school of psychology based on the general principles of behaviorism but broader and more flexible in concept. It stresses experimental research and laboratory analyses in the study of overt behavior and in various subjective phenomena that cannot be directly observed and measured, such as fantasies, love, stress, empathy, trust, and personality.

Behaviorism underwent a remarkable development from the less sophisticated formulations of Watson to the brilliant neobehaviorism of Skinner.


a point of view in which human nature is exhaustively determined by the culture in which a person lives, leaving no room for human agency.

This is where he locates his anthropologism in a wider naturalism and materialism in response (in part) to criticism that it was not sufficiently distinguished from the immanentist Hegelianism that was a dominant feature of Left Hegelianism.


an umbrella term for disciplines that deal with describing, transcribing, editing or annotating texts and physical documents.

The historical roots of textual scholarship date back to the 3rd century BCE, when the scholarly activities of copying, comparing, describing and archiving texts became professionalized in the Library of Alexandria.


the philosophical position adopted by Pavlov that all behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the nervous system.

Based on the research of I. M. Sechenov, the concept of nervism was introduced into physiology by I. P. Pavlov in 1883.


a project, scheme, or proposal brought forward in opposition to another, as in the negotiation of a treaty.

Yet little did Tolstoi realize in the spring of 1888 that even more serious challenges lay ahead in the fall, when his opponents, capitalizing on Alexander IIl's detachment from the reform process, would rally together to present a counterproject.


Following the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911 the anti-traditionalism of the Chinese intellectual elite was embraced by the iconoclastic Chinese Nationalists and led to the widespread destruction of religious and ancestral temples in the 1920s.


economic analysis of how much it will cost a company to manufacture a product and how much profit will be recognized from manufacturing the product.

Different cost structure analysis methods include a review on the types of costs, cost behavior, and break-even analysis.


the theories or practices of Voltaire characterized by a skeptical but deistic religious attitude, opposition to intolerance, and castigation of bigotry.

Declarations of pan-Voltairianism will prove no panacea, but rather simply capture an aspirational bonhomie reflected in "unity" marches that, however impressive, conceal seeds of future violent explosions given a still elusive and unfinished accounting of the broader equities at play.


the art and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and communications.

Modern military engineering can be divided into three main tasks or fields: combat engineering, strategic support, and ancillary support.


in logic, the formal analysis of logical terms and operators and the structures that make it possible to infer true conclusions from given premises.

Aristotelian syllogistic became known as 'categorical syllogistic' and the Peripatetic adaptation of Stoic syllogistic as 'hypothetical syllogistic'.


market research or statistics classifying population groups according to psychological variables (as attitudes, values, or fears); also: variables or trends identified through such research.

Psychographics is often confused with demographics, where historical generations may be defined both by demographics, such as the years in which a particular generation is born or even the fertility rates of that generation's parents, but also by psychographic variables like attitudes, personality formation, and cultural touchstones.


a mental framework based on shared ideas, attitudes and modes of behavior that span a society.

The cultural model of deafness arises from, but is not limited to, deaf people themselves, especially congenitally deaf people whose primary language is the sign language of their nation or community, as well as their children, families, friends and other members of their social networks.


An obsolete term for ritualistic act or sequence of acts performed by a person with obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

The conceptual history of "anancasm" in psychiatry remains almost unexplored and this article will help to remove this deficit.


But unless you get over his blindness, his unreality about something he has already agreed to, he is going against his own agreements.


a doctrine that psychology must be based essentially on data derived from introspection.

Introspectionism, of course, continued as an influential research program well into the first two decades of the twentieth century but then plummeted; by the 1930s it had fallen into general disrepute and was completely abandoned.


A type of socialism which attempts to reach feasible goals instead of aiming for the ultimate goals of Marxism-Leninism.

Real Socialism as a concept emerged in the 19705 in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe for the principal purpose of distinguishing the existing system there from theoretical or abstract concepts of socialism.


one of the eight branches into which ayurveda medicine is traditionally divided, defined as a section of toxicology that deals with food poisoning, snakebites, dog bites, insect bites, etc.

Agada Tantra (Toxicology) was so highly developed during the early ages that it was given prime status, as one among the eight branches of Classical Ayurveda.


(philosophy) The doctrine of Cyrenaics that people should ultimately aim at the pleasure of the present moment, disregarding future pain that could result from it.

Cyrenaicism deduces a single, universal aim for all people which is pleasure.


a form of neo-Kantianism developed principally by C. B. Renouvier and his followers rejecting the noumena of Kant and restricting knowledge to phenomena as constituted by a priori categories.

This is at least how Preti interpreted his link with Kantian neocriticism at Marburg, with Banfi's thought and with Husserl's.


a philosophical movement opposing mid-19th century materialism and idealism, developing from Kant's epistemology, considering the thing-in-itself as a borderline concept and emphasizing normative considerations in ethics and jurisprudence.

Fischer was earlier involved in a dispute with the Aristotelian Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg concerning the interpretation of the results of the Transcendental Aesthetic, a dispute that prompted Hermann Cohen's 1871 seminal work Kants Theorie der Erfahrung, a book often regarded as the foundation of 20th century neo-Kantianism.


any set of axioms from which some or all axioms can be used in conjunction to logically derive theorems.

An axiomatic system is said to be consistent if it lacks contradiction (i.e. it is not possible to derive both a statement and its negation from the system's axioms).


(logic and mathematics) abstract, theoretical organization of terms and implicit relationships that is used as a tool for the analysis of the concept of deduction.

A formal system is said to be recursive (i.e. effective) if the set of axioms and the set of inference rules are decidable sets or semidecidable sets, according to context.


A form of collectivism proposed by François-Noël Babeuf.

But Herzen's attack on its advocacy of terror that frees by 'despotism', on its Babeufism, was quite explicit.


A branch of probability and statistics concerned with deriving information about properties of random variables, stochastic processes, and systems based on observed samples.

Typically, the problem is approached assuming a probabilistic description of uncertainty and applying statistical estimation theory.


psychology concerned with the purposive factor or force in behavior.

Opposing behaviourism, he argued that behaviour was generally goal-oriented and purposive, an approach he called hormic psychology.


reduction of textual meaning to authorial biography.

In seeking to uncover the authentic experience that informed the fictional or poetic account, biographism is considered a dilettante approach to literature and experience.


imitation of or belief in the ideals and lifestyle of Byron.

Modern Greece was associated with a political Byronism of a certain kind.


thoughts about sex or sexual encounters.

I have dirty thoughts about young college girls.


the philosophy of Bergson, emphasizing duration as the central fact of experience and asserting the existence of the élan vital as an original life force essentially governing all organic processes.

Given that there was a Bergsonism of the political right and left, a Bergsonism of the aesthetic establishment and the avant-garde, and even a Bergsonism for French pioneers in advertising psychology and cellular theory, it is not so strange that there might be a Bergsonism for financiers, especially those of a utopian persuasion.


The beliefs or practices of the originally mendicant Roman Catholic religious order founded by St. Francis of Assisi in 1209 and dedicated to the virtues of humility and poverty.

His Franciscanism was that of respectable, well-educated priests worshipping God in perfect liturgical harmony, embracing a life of penitence in poverty.


a branch of psychoanalysis developed by Alfred Adler; it focuses on social integration, physical security and sexual satisfaction.


a normative belief in some form of European geopolitical, cultural, ethnic or racial entity.

Pan-Europeanism may imply political action on the basis of common traits recognized in European people, countries and cultures, and on the basis of intimate intra-European international relations - their inclusion in the European Constitution, for instance.


the branch of biology dealing with energy or the activity of living organisms.

These relations constitute a phenomenological network that guides the theoretical understanding of the biodynamics of the human body.


the standardized mental picture held in common by members of a cultural group depicting an oversimplified image of themselves and their behaviour.

Just as the Malays made ingroup-favoring attributions, so their autostereotype is very positive.


the sustained, concerted actions of policy makers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a specific area.

The Five-Year Economic Development Strategy is the District's first strategic roadmap for sustained, sector-driven economic development.


the placing of Christ at the center of one's thought, actions, or theological system.

The immediate question is whether Christocentrism inculcates an inherently imbalanced trinitarianism.


a technical term in Christian theology employed in mainstream Christology to describe the union of Christ's humanity and divinity in one hypostasis, or individual existence.

The hypostatic union is the term used to describe how God the Son, Jesus Christ, took on a human nature, yet remained fully God at the same time.


the act or result of making relative or regarding as relative rather than absolute.

The relativization of the concepts of length and intervals of time appears difficult to many, but probably only because it is strange.


the process of rendering something absolute or converting it into an absolute.


the theory, system, or principles of democracy.


a technique by which problems in analysis, in particular differential equations, are transformed into algebraic problems, usually the problem of solving a polynomial equation.

Guided greatly by intuition and his wealth of knowledge on the physics behind his circuit studies, [Heaviside] developed the operational calculus now ascribed to his name.


admiration for Europe, Europeans, or the European Union.

The other challenge is that this open and liberal Euroscepticism may be an even more elite project than liberal Europhilia.


an approach to knowledge based on the effort to understand the meaning of contingent, unique, and often subjective phenomena.

Experience sampling methods are essential tools for building a modern idiographic approach to understanding personality.


lenience toward or indulgence of a wide variety of social behavior.

Though some view permissiveness as a positive, social conservatives claim that it destroys the moral and sociocultural structures necessary for a civilized and valid society.


a syllogism in which some statement supporting one or both of the premises is introduced with the premises themselves.

An epicheirema is said to be of the first or second order according as the major or minor premiss is thus supported.


the doctrines and practices of the Calixtins, a Hussite group demanding communion in both wafer and wine.

Utraquism was a Christian dogma first proposed by Jacob of Mies, professor of philosophy at the University of Prague, in 1414.


origin of a systematic group only once (as by mutation) or at a single location.

Discusses the significance of monotopism and polytopism in quantitative analyses of Tertiary floras.


the property of having or proceeding from a single center.

In sum, different cities follow different forms, and neither Chicago's historic monocentrism nor Los Angeles's polycentricism fit them all.


the ability to remember music-related information, such as melodic content and other progressions of tones or pitches.

Musical memory is considered to be partly independent from other memory systems.


a person or thing considered inferior to another or others.


a conflict of the soul (as with the body or between good and evil).

Later echoes of medieval psychomachy can be found in Shakespeare's 144th sonnet and in Tennyson's poem 'The Two Voices' (1842).


Attribution of human feelings to things not human, such as inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena.

Moreover, when hate is attributed to God in scriptural translations, it is most likely an anthropopathism.


an algorithm that implements classification.

Classifier performance depends greatly on the characteristics of the data to be classified.


a classifier that is able to predict, given a sample input, a probability distribution over a set of classes, rather than only outputting the most likely class that the sample should belong to.

Probabilistic classifiers provide classification with a degree of certainty, which can be useful in its own right, or when combining classifiers into ensembles.


a subfield of computer science that explores the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data.

As a scientific endeavour, machine learning grew out of the quest for artificial intelligence.


any simple probabilistic classifier based on applying Bayes' theorem with strong (naive) independence assumptions between the features.

Naive Bayes classifiers are highly scalable, requiring a number of parameters linear in the number of variables (features/predictors) in a learning problem.


a classifier that constructs a hyperplane or set of hyperplanes in a high- or infinite-dimensional space, which can be used for classification, regression, or other tasks.

The SVM algorithm has been widely applied in the biological and other sciences.


A point (proposition in a debate etc.) that forms part of a larger point.

The subpoint is that slogans aren't going to help -- as I have written here, and in all three of my books for parents, education from schools, faith based communities, and parents will.


the equilibrium constant for the ionization of an electrolyte (a weak one).


compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others


make an application as for a job or funding


leave one's opponent unable to take a direct shot


fail to follow suit when able and required to do so


move into a strategically more advantageous position


move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions


to be on base at the end of an inning, of a player


drop or juggle or fail to play cleanly a grounder


play the cards of (a suit) so that the last trick on which a hand can follow suit will be taken by a higher card in the hand of a partner who has the remaining cards of a combined holding


deceive an opponent by a bold bet on an inferior hand with the result that the opponent withdraws a winning hand


move the king two squares toward a rook and in the same move the rook to the square next past the king


play a trump higher than (one previously played) to the trick


oppose, as in hostility or a competition


face a difficulty and grapple with it without avoiding it


oewn-meet-v oewn-encounter-v oewn-play-v oewn-take_on-v

contend against an opponent in a sport, game, or battle


employ in a game or in a specific position


change a pawn for a better piece by advancing it to the eighth row, or change a checker piece for a more valuable piece by moving it to the row closest to your opponent


be changed for a superior chess or checker piece


oewn-pit-v oewn-oppose-v oewn-match-v oewn-play_off-v

let them match their best athletes against ours


decide (a contest or competition) by a runoff


We have got to play this game out, even thought it is clear that we have last


catch or pick up (balls) in baseball or cricket


oewn-drop_out-v oewn-give_up-v oewn-fall_by_the_wayside-v oewn-drop_by_the_wayside-v oewn-throw_in-v oewn-throw_in_the_towel-v oewn-quit-v oewn-chuck_up_the_sponge-v

give up in the face of defeat of lacking hope; admit defeat

In the second round, the challenger gave up


overthrow or destroy (something considered evil or harmful)

The police smashed the drug ring after they were tipped off


The Nazis swallowed the Baltic countries


strike a ball from the teeing ground at the start of a hole


score an extra point or points after touchdown by kicking the ball through the uprights or advancing the ball into the end zone


be a referee or umpire in a sports competition


The brace I have to wear is hindering my movements


you are biasing my choice by telling me yours


attempt to forecast the winner (especially in a horse race) and assign odds for or against a contestant


finish third or better in a horse or dog race


finish second or better in a horse or dog race


ride a racehorse as a professional jockey


oewn-arm-v oewn-build_up-v oewn-fortify-v oewn-gird-v

prepare oneself for a military confrontation

The U.S. is girding for a conflict in the Middle East


After the war, the defeated country was not allowed to rearm


take away the weapons from; render harmless


oewn-station-v oewn-post-v oewn-send-v oewn-place-v


attach to, as a journalist to a military unit when reporting on a war

The young reporter was embedded with the Third Division


The battle over health care reform was joined


She tugged and wrestled with her conflicts


oewn-fight-v oewn-oppose-v oewn-fight_back-v oewn-fight_down-v oewn-defend-v

The senator said he would oppose the bill


show strong objection or repugnance; manifest vigorous opposition or resistance; be obstinately disobedient

The Democratic senators recalcitrated against every proposal from the Republican side


get one's revenge for a wrong or an injury


battle or contend against in or as if in a battle

The Kurds are combating Iraqi troops in Northern Iraq


engage in an aerial battle with another fighter plane


combat to overcome an opposing tendency or force

He wrestled all his life with his feeling of inferiority


The brothers who had been fighting over their inheritance finally made peace


run, stand, or compete for an office or a position


travel through a district and make political speeches


tour the country making political speeches, giving lectures, or presenting plays

The presidential candidates are busy barnstorming this month


appear at county fairs and carnivals as a stunt flier and parachute jumper


tour the country in order to solicit votes for an election


do duty or hold offices; serve in a specific function

He served as head of the department for three years


serve in a specific professional capacity


Those who criticize others often are not perfect, either


perform a job or duty on a rotating basis


perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function

His wife officiated as his private secretary


act as a caddie and carry clubs for a player


join a club, an activity, etc. with the intention to join or participate


oewn-call_up-v oewn-mobilize-v oewn-mobilise-v oewn-rally-v


release from military service or remove from the active list of military service


lend a military character to (a country), as by building up a military force


do away with the military organization and potential of


If America goes down, the free world will go down, too


be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious


Her new show dog swept all championships


secure the passage or adoption (of bills and motions)


The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight


oewn-beat-v oewn-beat_out-v oewn-crush-v oewn-shell-v oewn-trounce-v oewn-vanquish-v

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

Agassi beat Becker in the tennis championship


The local team walked over their old rivals for the championship


The cyclist has eliminated all the competitors in the race


oewn-worst-v oewn-pip-v oewn-mop_up-v oewn-whip-v oewn-rack_up-v

He mopped up the floor with his opponents


the Crusaders overran much of the Holy Land


Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination


overcome, usually through no fault or weakness of the person that is overcome


They had gotten the jump on their competitors


oewn-cheat-v oewn-chouse-v oewn-shaft-v oewn-screw-v oewn-chicane-v oewn-jockey-v

defeat someone through trickery or deceit


oewn-outwit-v oewn-overreach-v oewn-outsmart-v oewn-outfox-v oewn-beat-v oewn-circumvent-v


draw a gun faster, or best someone in a gunfight


oewn-surpass-v oewn-outstrip-v oewn-outmatch-v oewn-outgo-v oewn-exceed-v oewn-outdo-v oewn-surmount-v oewn-outperform-v

her performance surpasses that of any other student I know


be sold more often than other, similar products

The new Toyota outsells the Honda by a wide margin


Malthus believed that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence


steal the show, draw attention to oneself away from someone else

When the dog entered the stage, he upstaged the actress


attract more attention and praise than others

This film outshone all the others in quality


rank first; used often in a negative context


oewn-overcome-v oewn-get_over-v oewn-subdue-v oewn-surmount-v oewn-master-v


throw a steer by seizing the horns and twisting the neck, as in a rodeo


oewn-outdo-v oewn-outflank-v oewn-trump-v oewn-best-v oewn-scoop-v


oewn-manoeuver-v oewn-maneuver-v oewn-manoeuvre-v oewn-operate-v

perform a movement in military or naval tactics in order to secure an advantage in attack or defense


compete (for an advantage or a position)


The English troops outmaneuvered the Germans


march longer distances and for a longer time than


oewn-gain-v oewn-advance-v oewn-win-v oewn-pull_ahead-v oewn-make_headway-v oewn-get_ahead-v oewn-gain_ground-v


recover something or somebody that appeared to be lost

We got back the money after we threatened to sue the company


get a certain number or letter indicating quality or performance


achieve a certain score or rating on a test

She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools


He kicked the extra point after touchdown


His line double drove in Jim Lemon with the winning run


oewn-fall_back-v oewn-drop_off-v oewn-fall_behind-v oewn-recede-v


He could not keep up and dropped out of the race


The child cannot keep step with his big brother


place an opponent's king under an attack from which it cannot escape and thus ending the game

Kasparov checkmated his opponent after only a few moves


The owner sicked his dogs on the intruders


finish a game with an equal number of points, goals, etc.


give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

The last Taleban fighters finally surrendered


The King abnegated his power to the ministers


oewn-resist-v oewn-hold_out-v oewn-withstand-v oewn-stand_firm-v

stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something


refuse to back down; remain solid under criticism or attack


Dallas had enough of a lead to hold the Broncos off


The candidate conceded after enough votes had come in to show that he would lose


He did not want to subject himself to the judgments of his superiors


take the initiative and go on the offensive


place under attack with one's own pieces, of two enemy pieces


launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II


oewn-assail-v oewn-assault-v oewn-set_on-v oewn-attack-v

attack someone physically or emotionally


attack or hit on or from the side where the attacked person's view is obstructed


The muggers jumped the woman in the fur coat


attack and bombard with or as if with missiles


to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

he saw Jess charging at him with a pitchfork


fight a duel, as over one's honor or a woman

In the 19th century, men often dueled over small matters


we are rivaling for first place in the race


compete with successfully; approach or reach equality with

This artist's drawings cannot emulate his water colors


joust against somebody in a tournament by fighting on horseback


fight while sitting on somebody's shoulders


The two professors have been feuding for years


cover a certain distance or advance beyond


make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target

The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939


be counted out; remain down while the referee counts to ten


attack with teargas; subject to teargas fumes

The students were teargassed during the riot


destroy enemy mines with one's own mines


march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939


The street where the President lives is always barricaded


oewn-besiege-v oewn-beleaguer-v oewn-surround-v oewn-hem_in-v oewn-circumvent-v


hem in fish with stakes and nets so as to prevent them from going back into the sea with the ebb


be on the defensive; act against an attack


shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

Weatherbeater protects your roof from the rain


Don't overprotect your son--he is an adult now!


watch over or shield from danger or harm; protect


protect, hide, or conceal from danger or harm


protect through supernatural powers or charms


oewn-wall-v oewn-palisade-v oewn-fence-v oewn-fence_in-v oewn-surround-v

surround with a wall in order to fortify


surround with a stockade in order to fortify


surround with or as if with a rampart or other fortification


oewn-repel-v oewn-repulse-v oewn-fight_off-v oewn-rebuff-v oewn-drive_back-v


oewn-check-v oewn-turn_back-v oewn-arrest-v oewn-stop-v oewn-contain-v oewn-hold_back-v

hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of


bomb a large area systematically and extensively


make somebody homeless by destroying their houses with bombs


oewn-nuke-v oewn-atomize-v oewn-atomise-v oewn-zap-v


The Unabomber letter bombed a number of individuals and institutions


fire a weapon with a loud explosive noise


attack with machine guns or cannon fire from a low-flying plane

civilians were strafed in an effort to force the country's surrender


shoot in the kneecap, often done by terrorist groups as a warning


oewn-ambush-v oewn-scupper-v oewn-bushwhack-v oewn-waylay-v oewn-lurk-v oewn-ambuscade-v oewn-lie_in_wait-v


oewn-bet_on-v oewn-back-v oewn-gage-v oewn-stake-v oewn-game-v oewn-punt-v


play a card lower than (a held high card)


stake winnings from one bet on a subsequent wager


watch and study birds in their natural habitat


fish with a seine; catch fish with a seine


fish with a handline over the rails of a boat


angle with a hook and line drawn through the water


hunt for turtles, especially as an occupation


(hunting) chase from cover into more open ground


people are poaching elephants for their ivory


oewn-hunt-v oewn-run-v oewn-hunt_down-v oewn-track_down-v

pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals)

Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland


the hunters treed the bear with dogs and killed it


fish with the line and bait resting still or stationary in the water


My parents like to bowl on Friday nights


impede the movement of (an opponent or a ball)


send or toss to and fro, like a shuttlecock


include or exclude by determining judicially or in agreement with rules


protect or defend (a position in a game)


be responsible for guarding an opponent in a game


take sides with; align oneself with; show strong sympathy for


put (a card or piece) into play during a game, or act strategically as if in a card game

He is playing his cards close to his chest


lead (a card) and establish the trump suit


play a higher card than the one previously played


seize and throw down an opponent player, who usually carries the ball


oewn-target-v oewn-aim-v oewn-place-v oewn-direct-v oewn-point-v

intend (something) to move towards a certain goal

He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face


oewn-aim-v oewn-take-v oewn-train-v oewn-take_aim-v oewn-direct-v

point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

Please don't aim at your little brother!


Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames


hit or aim at with a sweeping arm movement

The soccer player began to swing at the referee


direct onto a point or target, especially by automatic navigational aids


make a counterattack and return like for like, especially evil for evil


He wants to avenge the murder of his brother


I cannot accept the defeat--I want to get even


oewn-pay_back-v oewn-pay_off-v oewn-get-v oewn-fix-v


he was put out at third base on a long throw from left field


go on the playing field, of a football team


play a game in which players hit a wooden ball through a series of hoops


mothproof woollen clothes during the summer


The Rolls Royce caught us near the exit ramp


bid (one's partner's suit) at a higher level


I saw the bet of one of my fellow players


to perform the squat weightlifting exercise


undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature

She changed completely as she grew older


pass from one quality such as color to another by a slight degree


oewn-brutalize-v oewn-brutalise-v oewn-animalize-v oewn-animalise-v

become brutal or insensitive and unfeeling


change in nature, purpose, or function; undergo a chemical change


change the nature, purpose, or function of something


many English nouns have become verbalized


oewn-novelize-v oewn-novelise-v oewn-fictionalize-v oewn-fictionalise-v

convert into the form or the style of a novel

The author novelized the historical event


convert (metallic mercury) into a grey powder consisting of minute globules, as by shaking with chalk or fatty oil


stay the same; remain in a certain state

The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it


The bad weather continued for two more weeks


He kept up on his country's foreign policies


Let's not make a decision--let's sit tight


become distinct and acquire a different character


oewn-speciate-v oewn-differentiate-v oewn-specialize-v oewn-specialise-v

evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment


cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition


go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions


oewn-interchange-v oewn-tack-v oewn-switch-v oewn-alternate-v oewn-flip-v oewn-flip-flop-v

reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)


interchange this screw for one of a smaller size


to roast or calcine so as to cause to crackle or until crackling stops


to become, or to cause to become, covered with a network of small cracks

The blazing sun crackled the desert sand


become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence

her mood changes in accordance with the weather


vary the frequency, amplitude, phase, or other characteristic of (electromagnetic waves)


to modify microorganisms by repeated culture in the developing chick embryo


modify to achieve maximum efficiency in storage capacity or time or cost


the debate moved from family values to the economy


move or proceed as if by steps into a new situation


move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the screen


show certain properties when being rolled


oewn-glaze-v oewn-glass-v oewn-glass_over-v oewn-glaze_over-v

become glassy or take on a glass-like appearance


E-mail revolutionized communication in academe


pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become


cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city


oewn-sensualize-v oewn-sensualise-v oewn-carnalize-v oewn-carnalise-v


bleach and alter the natural development of (a green plant) by excluding sunlight


make crude or savage in behavior or speech

his years in prison have barbarized the young man


become crude or savage or barbaric in behavior or language


oewn-mythologize-v oewn-mythologise-v oewn-mythicize-v oewn-mythicise-v


remove the mythical element from (writings)

the Bible should be demythologized and examined for its historical value


make secular and draw away from a religious orientation


cause to form a salt or ester of citric acid


bring to a chemical stasis or equilibrium


oewn-leave-v oewn-leave_alone-v oewn-leave_behind-v oewn-let_alone-v

leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking


oewn-affect-v oewn-impact-v oewn-bear_upon-v oewn-bear_on-v oewn-touch_on-v oewn-touch-v


The court ruling struck a blow at the old segregation laws


cause repercussions; have an unwanted effect


Her efforts will redound to the general good


cause a complete reversal of the circumstances

The tables are turned now that the Republicans are in power!


reverse the direction of (an alternating electric current) each half cycle so as to produce a unidirectional current


alcoholize the fruit and let them sit in the refrigerator


change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence


The Incas terraced their mountainous land


flatten, stretch, or mold metal or glass, by rolling or by pulling it through a die or by stretching


cause to form (an electric arc) between electrodes of an arc lamp


oewn-crystallize-v oewn-crystallise-v oewn-crystalise-v oewn-crystalize-v

cause to take on a definite and clear shape


oewn-round_off-v oewn-round_down-v oewn-round_out-v oewn-round-v


She primmed her lips after every bite of food


contract one's lips into a rounded shape


round one's lips as if intending to kiss


undergo a transformation or a change of position or action


pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind


fall or sink into a state of exhaustion or death


begin to experience feelings of love towards

She fell in love with her former student


cause to be held in suspension in a fluid


become sober after excessive alcohol consumption


After thinking about the potential consequences of his plan, he sobered up


enter or assume a certain state or condition

He became annoyed when he heard the bad news


arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion

The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times


adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions

We must adjust to the bad economic situation


behave in accordance or in agreement with


After moving back to America, he had to readjust


cause somebody to adapt or reform socially or politically


oewn-decrease-v oewn-diminish-v oewn-lessen-v oewn-fall-v

The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester


The number of students in this course dropped off after the first test


increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance

stretch the soup by adding some more cream


The recent speech of the president augmented tensions in the Near East


enlarge, develop, or increase by degrees or in stages


The stock market soared after the cease-fire was announced


Her new novel jumped high on the bestseller list


he eased off the gas pedal and the car slowed down


oewn-ease_up-v oewn-ease_off-v oewn-slacken_off-v oewn-flag-v


increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner


increase rapidly and progressively step by step on a broad base


increase or accumulate at a rapidly accelerating rate


oewn-accumulate-v oewn-cumulate-v oewn-conglomerate-v oewn-pile_up-v oewn-gather-v oewn-amass-v

increase in amount by collecting or gathering


Immigrants often want to assimilate quickly


cause members of a tribe to lose their cultural identity


This country assimilates immigrants very quickly


The nasal assimilates to the following consonant


These two related tribes of people gradually dissimilated over time


make dissimilar; cause to become less similar


become dissimilar by changing the sound qualities


oewn-change-v oewn-exchange-v oewn-commute-v oewn-convert-v

exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category

Could you convert my dollars into pounds?


convert (from an investment trust to a unit trust)


exchange a penalty for a less severe one


convert (a company's reserve funds) into capital


capitalize beyond what the business or the profit-making prospects warrant


substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)


Father had to learn how to change the baby


renovate so as to make it conform to middle-class aspirations


to patch up or renovate; repair or restore

They revamped their old house before selling it


restore to a previous or better condition

They renovated the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel


The treatment at the spa vitalized the old man


produce in a version designed to withstand rough usage


make or form into a solid or hardened mass


proof the materials against shrinking in the dryer


the compromise among the parties eviscerated the bill that had been proposed


the old product was reincarnated to appeal to a younger market


He levelled the score and then surged ahead


replace (tissue or a body part) through the formation of new tissue


get or give new life or energy; return to life, regain energy, recuperate


restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state


be brought back to life, consciousness, or strength


change clothes; put on different clothes


please modify this letter to make it more polite


modify the rhythm by stressing or accenting a weak beat


bring to the latest state of technology or supply with the latest data

tonight, I will update my operating system


The experience enriched her understanding


change the use of and make available or usable


make optimal; get the most out of; use best


deprive (an established church) of its status


oewn-remove-v oewn-take-v oewn-take_away-v oewn-withdraw-v

remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract


remove from a culture or a living or dead body, as for the purposes of transplantation

Should one harvest organs from dead people for transplants?


for automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed


remove (a tumor or eye) from an enveloping sac or cover


remove (water) from a vessel with a container


oewn-strip-v oewn-undress-v oewn-divest-v oewn-disinvest-v

The nurse quickly undressed the accident victim


remove unwanted substances from, such as feathers or pits


free (the throat) by making a rasping sound


remove muck, clear away muck, as in a mine


the detective carefully lifted some fingerprints from the table


remove by pulling or ripping violently and forcefully

The passing bus tore off her side mirror


take out the chicken after adding the vegetables


remove used dishes from the table in restaurants


fill to excess so that function is impaired


make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of


make unnecessary additions to what is already complete


I adjoin a copy of your my lawyer's letter


add by mixing or blending on or attaching

work in the butter and the dough will get the right consistency


add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category

We must include this chemical element in the group


add an enlivening or altering element to


introduce the butyl group into a chemical compound


treat with nitric acid, so as to change an organic compound into a nitrate

nitroglycerin is obtained by nitrating glycerol


oewn-oxygenate-v oewn-oxygenize-v oewn-oxygenise-v oewn-aerate-v

impregnate, combine, or supply with oxygen


treat to strengthen and improve the luster


strengthen by providing with a back or backing


subject to fluoridation; treat with fluoride


He injected new life into the performance


oewn-insert-v oewn-enclose-v oewn-inclose-v oewn-stick_in-v oewn-put_in-v oewn-introduce-v

place, fit, or thrust (something) into another thing


replace the center of a coin with a baser metal


convert illegally obtained funds into legal ones


introduce one's writing or speech with certain expressions


intersperse alternately, as of protective covers for book illustrations


insert inconspicuously or quickly or quietly

He slipped some money into the waiter's hand


insert surreptitiously or without warrant


add by linking or joining so as to form a chain or series


aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter


break down naturally through the action of biological agents


remove from active military status or reassign

The men were deactivated after five years of service


make less lively, intense, or vigorous; impair in vigor, force, activity, or sensation


cause to become stonelike or stiff or dazed and stunned from fright


oewn-jazz_up-v oewn-juice_up-v oewn-pep_up-v oewn-ginger_up-v


oewn-enliven-v oewn-liven-v oewn-liven_up-v oewn-invigorate-v oewn-animate-v


become lifeless, less lively, intense, or active; lose life, force, or vigor


Can we totalize these different ideas into one philosophy?


oewn-denude-v oewn-bare-v oewn-denudate-v oewn-strip-v


The landscape was deforested by the enemy attacks


clear land of its vegetation by burning it off


damage by burning with heat, fire, or radiation


The icy precipitation frosted the flowers and they turned brown


She scalded her hands when she turned on the faucet and hot water came out


destroy undeveloped horn buds (of cattle)


prevent the growth of horns of certain animals


alleviate or remove (pressure or stress) or make less oppressive


oewn-rectify-v oewn-remediate-v oewn-remedy-v oewn-repair-v oewn-amend-v


locate and correct errors in a computer program code


prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting


oewn-bowdlerize-v oewn-bowdlerise-v oewn-expurgate-v oewn-castrate-v oewn-shorten-v

edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate


insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby


suppress by censorship as for political reasons

parts of the newspaper article were blacked out


several line in the report were blanked out


If the new teacher won't break, we'll add some stress


change the inherent purpose or function of something


use wrongly or improperly or excessively


This writer really fractures the language


suffer a sudden downfall, overthrow, or defeat


oewn-slip-v oewn-drop_off-v oewn-drop_away-v oewn-fall_away-v


drop to a lower level, as in one's morals or standards


This author really suffers in translation


oewn-better-v oewn-improve-v oewn-ameliorate-v oewn-meliorate-v


improve significantly; go from bad to good


oewn-better-v oewn-improve-v oewn-amend-v oewn-ameliorate-v oewn-meliorate-v

The editor improved the manuscript with his changes


New slipcovers will help the old living room furniture


I've upgraded my computer so I can run better software


lower the grade of something; reduce its worth


the text was emended in the second edition


oewn-worsen-v oewn-aggravate-v oewn-exacerbate-v oewn-exasperate-v


His business went to pot when the economy soured


separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts


soften or disintegrate by means of chemical action, heat, or moisture


to undergo a reversible or temporary breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms


oewn-decompose-v oewn-rot-v oewn-molder-v oewn-moulder-v


suspend (meat) in order to get a gamey taste


oewn-exsiccate-v oewn-dehydrate-v oewn-dry_up-v oewn-desiccate-v

In the desert, you get dehydrated very quickly


All this exercise and sweating has dehydrated me


put clothes in a tumbling barrel, where they are whirled about in hot air, usually with the purpose of drying


preserve by rapid freezing and subsequently drying in a vacuum


Mom always conserved the strawberries we grew in the backyard


to dry (blood, serum, or tissue) by freezing in a high vacuum


preserve by removing all water and liquids from

carry dehydrated food on your camping trip


prepare (a metal) for soldering or brazing by applying a thin layer of solder to the surface


cause to be hydrated; add water or moisture to


supply water or liquid to in order to maintain a healthy balance

the bicyclists must be hydrated frequently


cause to heat and crumble by treatment with water


alter by exposure to air with conversion at least in part to a carbonate


dry (clothes) by spinning and making use of centrifugal forces


dry by spinning with hot air inside a cylinder

These fabrics are delicate and cannot be tumbled dry


dry by bringing into the form of a spray, through contact with a hot gas


We have a machine that humidifies the air in the house


The air conditioner dehumidifies the air in the summer


oewn-drench-v oewn-douse-v oewn-dowse-v oewn-soak-v oewn-sop-v oewn-souse-v


soak in a special solution to soften and remove chemicals used in previous treatments


place (flax, hemp, or jute) in liquid so as to promote loosening of the fibers from the woody tissue


fill or cover completely, usually with water


cause to wither or parch from exposure to heat


make slippery or smooth through the application of a lubricant


become scorched or singed under intense heat or dry conditions

The exposed tree scorched in the hot sun


The therapist noticed that the patient's knees tended to lock in this exercise


become weaker, in strength, value, or magnitude


This exercise will strengthen your upper body


The president's trip will substantiate good relations with the former enemy country


protect or strengthen with sandbags; stop up

The residents sandbagged the beach front


The prisoner's resistance weakened after seven days


become less intense and fade away gradually


suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense)

Whosoever..believes in me shall never die


lose significance, effectiveness, or value


become less clearly visible or distinguishable; disappear gradually or seemingly


The rising inflation depressed the economy


make weak by stunting the growth or development of


deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless


oewn-dilute-v oewn-thin-v oewn-thin_out-v oewn-reduce-v oewn-cut-v

lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture


weaken the consistency of (a chemical substance)


Suspense was building right from the beginning of the opera


oewn-intensify-v oewn-compound-v oewn-heighten-v oewn-deepen-v

make more intense, stronger, or more marked


supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams


distill (alcohol) illegally; produce moonshine


increase the effect of or act synergistically with (a drug or a physiological or biochemical phenomenon)


This sauce will enhance the flavor of the meat


increase the effectiveness or success of by further action

The doctor followed up the surgery with radiation


alter so as to produce a more desirable appearance


become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain


warts and polyps can vegetate if not removed


This fungus usually vegetates vigorously


They vegetated the hills behind their house


oewn-restrain-v oewn-keep-v oewn-keep_back-v oewn-hold_back-v


oewn-restrict-v oewn-trammel-v oewn-limit-v oewn-bound-v oewn-confine-v oewn-throttle-v

place limits on (extent or amount or access)


Develop the function in the following form


restrict (school boys') movement to the dormitory or campus as a means of punishment


reasonably object (to) or set a limit (on)

I draw the line when it comes to lending money to friends!


restrain the emission of (sound, fluid, etc.)


The civil war carried into the neighboring province


I limit you to two visits to the pub a day


please hold down the noise so that the neighbors can sleep


We had to cap the number of people we can accept into our club


oewn-hamper-v oewn-halter-v oewn-cramp-v oewn-strangle-v

prevent the progress or free movement of

He was hampered in his efforts by the bad weather


oewn-restrict-v oewn-curtail-v oewn-curb-v oewn-cut_back-v


the new law might abridge our freedom of expression


The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time


oewn-boil_down-v oewn-reduce-v oewn-decoct-v oewn-concentrate-v

be cooked until very little liquid is left


to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons


break into simpler molecules by means of heat


reduce (petroleum) to a simpler compound by cracking


enter into a combination with oxygen or become converted into an oxide


reach full flavor by absorbing air and being let to stand after having been uncorked

This rare Bordeaux must be allowed to breathe for at least 2 hours


deoxidize molten metals by stirring them with a wooden pole


become longer by being stretched and pulled


oewn-shrivel-v oewn-shrivel_up-v oewn-shrink-v oewn-wither-v


The plants near the garage are dying back


dry up and shrivel due to complete loss of moisture


bring together into a single whole or system

The town and county schools are being consolidated


Thought is consubstantiated with the object


oewn-abridge-v oewn-foreshorten-v oewn-abbreviate-v oewn-shorten-v oewn-cut-v oewn-contract-v oewn-reduce-v

reduce in scope while retaining essential elements


shorten lines in a drawing so as to create an illusion of depth


oewn-encapsulate-v oewn-capsule-v oewn-capsulize-v oewn-capsulise-v

put in a short or concise form; reduce in volume


condense the contents of a book into a summary


the novel was telescoped into a short play


oewn-abate-v oewn-let_up-v oewn-slack_off-v oewn-slack-v oewn-die_away-v


optimal conditions for culturing stem cell lines


plant or grow in a fixed cyclic order of succession

We rotate the crops so as to maximize the use of the soil


The consonants are geminated in these words


oewn-senesce-v oewn-age-v oewn-get_on-v oewn-mature-v oewn-maturate-v


The death of his wife caused him to age fast


oewn-progress-v oewn-come_on-v oewn-come_along-v oewn-advance-v oewn-get_on-v oewn-get_along-v oewn-shape_up-v


This young man knows how to climb the social ladder


progress by large jumps instead of small increments


get worse or fall back to a previous condition


The death of his child aged him tremendously


develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation


become attached by or as if by the process of growth


accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation


The contact with his grandchildren rejuvenated him


His colleagues worked out his interesting idea


develop or evolve from a latent or potential state


The present name derives from an older form


grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment


become adolescent; pass through adolescence

The children are beginning to adolesce around the age of 12


oewn-build_up-v oewn-work_up-v oewn-build-v oewn-progress-v

Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly


oewn-build_up-v oewn-work_up-v oewn-build-v oewn-ramp_up-v


cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development

The perfect climate here develops the grain


grow under conditions that promote development


become more relaxed, easygoing, or genial


Age and experience mellowed him over the years


The bread will soften if you pour some liquid on it


become encrusted with crystals due to evaporation


oewn-swell-v oewn-swell_up-v oewn-intumesce-v oewn-tumefy-v oewn-tumesce-v

The bellies of the starving children are swelling


swell from or as if from internal pressure

The distended bellies of the starving cows


cause to expand as if by internal pressure


become larger in size or volume or quantity


have an opening that allows light or substances to enter or go out


his voice is breaking--he should no longer sing in the choir


You broke the alarm clock when you took it apart!


damage (plant tissue) by abrasion or pressure

The customer bruised the strawberries by squeezing them


Don't disturb the patient's wounds by moving him too rapidly!


He was visited with a terrible illness that killed him quickly


He was devastated by his grief when his son died


Our business was hurt by the new competition


oewn-repair-v oewn-mend-v oewn-fix-v oewn-bushel-v oewn-doctor-v oewn-furbish_up-v oewn-restore-v oewn-touch_on-v

restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


Can you tinker with the T.V. set--it's not working right


make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to


substitute new or modernized parts or equipment for older ones

The laboratory retrofitted to meet the safety codes


He is known to be good at trouble-shooting


add a flaw or blemish to; make imperfect or defective


oewn-puff-v oewn-puff_up-v oewn-blow_up-v oewn-puff_out-v


oewn-inflate-v oewn-blow_up-v oewn-expand-v oewn-amplify-v


become deflated or flaccid, as by losing air


oewn-alkalize-v oewn-alkalise-v oewn-alkalify-v oewn-basify-v


make changes for improvement in order to remove abuse and injustices


improve by alteration or correction of errors or defects and put into a better condition

reform the health system in this country


change by catalysis or cause to catalyze


The bureaucracy paralyzes the entire operation


make senseless or dizzy by or as if by a blow


The sudden storm immobilized the traffic


oewn-freeze-v oewn-block-v oewn-immobilize-v oewn-immobilise-v

prohibit the conversion or use of (assets)


oewn-unblock-v oewn-unfreeze-v oewn-free-v oewn-release-v

release the holdings in the dictator's bank account


oewn-mobilize-v oewn-mobilise-v oewn-marshal-v oewn-summon-v


make stable and keep from fluctuating or put into an equilibrium


stabilize (the price of a commodity or an exchange rate) by legislation or market operations

The weak currency was pegged to the US Dollar


steady or support with a guy wire or cable

The Italians guyed the Tower of Pisa to prevent it from collapsing


oewn-sensitize-v oewn-sensitise-v oewn-sensify-v oewn-sensibilize-v oewn-sensibilise-v

He was not sensitized to her emotional needs


cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate


make insensitive or callous; deaden feelings or morals


oewn-steel_oneself_against-v oewn-steel_oneself_for-v oewn-brace_oneself_for-v oewn-prepare_for-v

prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant


make psychologically or physically used (to something)

She became habituated to the background music


accustom gradually to some action or attitude


become destroyed by water, air, or a corrosive such as an acid


cause to deteriorate due to the action of water, air, or an acid


The river washed a ravine into the mountainside


change under the action or influence of the weather


oewn-erode-v oewn-gnaw-v oewn-gnaw_at-v oewn-eat_at-v oewn-wear_away-v


wear away through erosion or vaporization


regularize the heart beat with a pace maker


oewn-tidy-v oewn-tidy_up-v oewn-clean_up-v oewn-neaten-v oewn-straighten-v oewn-straighten_out-v oewn-square_away-v


Fundamentalists threaten to perturb the social order


establish something as being earlier relative to something else


establish something as being later relative to something else


establish the order in time of something

The archivist chronologized the documents


put into a different code; rearrange mentally

People recode and restructure information in order to remember it


reorganize and assign posts to different people

The new Prime Minister reshuffled his cabinet


She must peroxide her hair-it looks unnaturally blond


oewn-bleach-v oewn-bleach_out-v oewn-decolor-v oewn-decolour-v oewn-decolorize-v oewn-decolourize-v oewn-decolorise-v oewn-decolourise-v oewn-discolorize-v oewn-discolourise-v oewn-discolorise-v

cause to become white or lighter in color


lose color in the process of being washed

The expensive shirt washed out in the German washing machine


oewn-blacken-v oewn-melanize-v oewn-melanise-v oewn-black-v


convert into, or infiltrate with melanin


oewn-discolor-v oewn-discolour-v oewn-colour-v oewn-color-v

change color, often in an undesired manner


give the color and appearance of bronze to something


drain off the color in the course of laundering

The harsh soap washed out the delicate blouse


The man's hair silvered very attractively


oewn-color-v oewn-colorize-v oewn-colorise-v oewn-colourise-v oewn-colourize-v oewn-colour-v oewn-color_in-v oewn-colour_in-v


make motley; color with different colors


the drought browned the leaves on the trees in the yard


Stain this table a beautiful walnut color


stain an object by immersing it in a liquid


stain with a dirty substance, such as soot


oewn-tint-v oewn-tinct-v oewn-tinge-v oewn-touch-v


acquire pigment; become colored or imbued


stain or tinge with a slight amount of a color


In highlights it hued to a dull silver-grey


dye after knotting the fabric to produce an irregular pattern

The flower children tie-dye their T-shirts


her cheeks blushed in the cold winter air


double in magnitude, extent, or intensity

The enemy redoubled their screaming on the radio


reduce the level or intensity or size or scope of


The war of words between them de-escalated with time


send out real or metaphoric rays; the children radiated joyous energy


direct high energy particles or radiation against


oewn-light-v oewn-illume-v oewn-illumine-v oewn-light_up-v oewn-illuminate-v


illuminate with a spotlight, as in the theater


terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent


oewn-fancify-v oewn-beautify-v oewn-embellish-v oewn-prettify-v


make something appear superficially attractive

The researcher tried to dress up the uninteresting data


oewn-blossom-v oewn-blossom_out-v oewn-blossom_forth-v oewn-unfold-v


oewn-spruce_up-v oewn-spruce-v oewn-titivate-v oewn-tittivate-v oewn-smarten_up-v oewn-slick_up-v oewn-spiff_up-v


These manifestations effloresced in the past


my hyacinths and orchids are spiking now


oewn-temper-v oewn-season-v oewn-mollify-v oewn-moderate-v

make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else


This trip will season even the hardiest traveller


adjust the pitches of (musical instruments)


make fine adjustments or divide into marked intervals for optimal measuring


alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard


adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time

The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely


adjust (sails on a ship) so that the wind is optimally used


adjust (as by firing under test conditions) the zero of (a gun)


adjust (an instrument or device) to zero value


adjust or accustom to; bring into harmony with


She pitched her speech to the teenagers in the audience


set to a certain position or cause to operate correctly


put into a certain state; cause to be in a certain state


Comfort keynotes this designer's Fall collection


fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of


make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

Adapt our native cuisine to the available food resources of the new country


insert or adjust several objects or people


She anglicised her name after moving from Paris to London


Your education qualifies you for this job


qualify for teaching at a university in Europe

He habilitated after his sabbatical at a prestigious American university


This instruction capacitates us to understand the problem


fit for a specific purpose even when not well suited


a magazine oriented towards young people


make fit for cultivation, domestic life, and service to humans

The horse was domesticated a long time ago


oewn-domesticate-v oewn-domesticize-v oewn-domesticise-v oewn-reclaim-v oewn-tame-v

overcome the wildness of; make docile and tractable


oewn-domesticate-v oewn-cultivate-v oewn-naturalize-v oewn-naturalise-v oewn-tame-v

adapt (a wild plant or unclaimed land) to the environment


bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling


become broader or wider or more extensive


widen the interlinear spacing by inserting leads


Let out that dress--I gained a lot of weight


Please take in this skirt--I've lost weight


become flared and widen, usually at one end


Right by the bridge, the road bottlenecks


make or become more narrow or restricted


burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction


be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise


oewn-explode-v oewn-detonate-v oewn-blow_up-v oewn-set_off-v

cause to burst with a violent release of energy


cause to explode violently and with loud noise


explode heavily or with a loud dull noise


become active and spew forth lava and rocks


oewn-erupt-v oewn-irrupt-v oewn-flare_up-v oewn-flare-v oewn-break_open-v oewn-burst_out-v


flowers dehisce when they release pollen


combine or treat with or expose to hydrogen; add hydrogen to the molecule of (an unsaturated organic compound)


change (a compound) by increasing the proportion of the electronegative part; or change (an element or ion) from a lower to a higher positive valence: remove one or more electrons from (an atom, ion, or molecule)


come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure


burst open with a sharp, explosive sound


cause to burst with a loud, explosive sound


oewn-boom-v oewn-thrive-v oewn-flourish-v oewn-expand-v

The deer population in this town is thriving


thrive profusely or flourish extensively


The distinction between the two theories blurred


remove completely from recognition or memory

efface the memory of the time in the camps


darken with a brownish tinge, as of insect wings


make more cheerful through the use of color


make darker and difficult to perceive by sight


oewn-obscure-v oewn-blot_out-v oewn-obliterate-v oewn-veil-v oewn-hide-v

make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing


oewn-focus-v oewn-focalize-v oewn-focalise-v oewn-sharpen-v

Please focus the image; we cannot enjoy the movie


put again into focus or focus more sharply

refocus the image until it is very sharp


oewn-depreciate-v oewn-undervalue-v oewn-devaluate-v oewn-devalue-v


The Fed depreciated the dollar once again


The Germans want to appreciate the Deutsche Mark


For tax purposes you can write off the laser printer


oewn-appreciate-v oewn-apprize-v oewn-apprise-v oewn-revalue-v


make shorter than originally intended; reduce or retrench in length or duration


oewn-prolong-v oewn-protract-v oewn-extend-v oewn-draw_out-v

lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer


draw out a discussion or process in order to gain time

The speaker temporized in order to delay the vote


make long or longer by pulling and stretching


make to a size; bring to a suitable size


change the size of; make the size more appropriate


cook and make edible by putting in a hot oven


bring (a country or people) under feudalism


The baseball player stuffed his bat with cork to make it lighter


oewn-microwave-v oewn-micro-cook-v oewn-zap-v oewn-nuke-v


bake (eggs) in their shells until they are set


transform and make suitable for consumption by heating

These potatoes have to cook for 20 minutes


The apothecary cooked the medicinal mixture in a big iron kettle


The vegetables were completely overcooked


cook slowly and for a long time in liquid


fry something until it curls and becomes crisp


cook something by letting steam pass over it


let sit in a liquid to extract a flavor or to cleanse


sit or let sit in boiling water so as to extract the flavor


immerse or be immersed in a boiling liquid, often for cooking purposes


oewn-branch-v oewn-ramify-v oewn-fork-v oewn-furcate-v oewn-separate-v

divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork


grow and send out branches or branch-like structures

these plants ramify early and get to be very large


The lightning bolt twigged in several directions


the fine powder had been atomized by air


scatter (radiation) by the atoms of the medium through which it passes


disperse in a medium into a colloidal state


oewn-grind-v oewn-mash-v oewn-crunch-v oewn-bray-v oewn-comminute-v

reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading


break down and crush by beating, as with a pestle


oewn-powderize-v oewn-powderise-v oewn-powder-v oewn-pulverize-v oewn-pulverise-v

make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust


oewn-powderize-v oewn-pulverize-v oewn-pulverise-v oewn-powderise-v

When it was blown up, the building powderized


This apartment cannot be subdivided any further!


partition by means of a divider, such as a screen


break open or apart suddenly and forcefully


The news of her husband's death shattered her life


oewn-break-v oewn-separate-v oewn-split_up-v oewn-fall_apart-v oewn-come_apart-v

become separated into pieces or fragments


break suddenly into pieces, as from a violent blow


come unraveled or undone as if by snagging


destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments


The pothole fractured a bolt on the axle


break into pieces, as by striking or knocking over


become fractured; break or crack on the surface only


heat and light cracked the back of the leather chair


break suddenly and abruptly, as under tension


crack and acquire the appearance of alligator hide, as from weathering or improper application; of paint and varnishes


oewn-break_up-v oewn-fragment-v oewn-fragmentize-v oewn-fragmentise-v


The President dissolved the parliament and called for new elections


break up into small pieces for food preparation

bruise the berries with a wooden spoon and strain them


A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion


oewn-happen-v oewn-hap-v oewn-go_on-v oewn-pass_off-v oewn-occur-v oewn-pass-v oewn-fall_out-v oewn-come_about-v oewn-take_place-v


occur between other event or between certain points of time

the war intervened between the birth of her two children


Several important events transpired last week


take place as an additional or unexpected development


be a forerunner of or occur earlier than

This composition anticipates Impressionism


These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled


be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest


It transpired that she had worked as spy in East Germany


happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance


He promised that no harm would befall her


produce as a consequence of something larger


After 1989, peace broke out in the former East Bloc


oewn-get_down-v oewn-begin-v oewn-get-v oewn-start_out-v oewn-start-v oewn-set_about-v oewn-set_out-v oewn-commence-v

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


we recommenced his reading after a short nap


The freshman jumped off to a good start in his math class


She gets to fretting if I stay away from home too long


commence in a manner calculated to bring good luck

They auspicated the trip with a bottle of champagne


set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task

I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed


start in a certain activity, enterprise, or role


water or electricity came on again after the earthquake


set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)


oewn-get_cracking-v oewn-bestir_oneself-v oewn-get_going-v oewn-get_moving-v oewn-get_weaving-v oewn-get_started-v oewn-get_rolling-v


oewn-begin-v oewn-lead_off-v oewn-start-v oewn-commence-v

The U.S. started a war in the Middle East


The Secretary of State intends to jumpstart the Middle East Peace Process


The enemy recommenced hostilities after a few days of quiet


The fall of the Berlin Wall ushered in the post-Cold War period


The guide set the tour off to a good start


transfer or persist from one stage or sphere of activity to another


return to a previous location or condition

The painting resumed its old condition when we restored it


oewn-persevere-v oewn-persist-v oewn-hang_in-v oewn-hang_on-v oewn-hold_on-v


he obstinates himself against all rational arguments


persist with actions or an attitude despite the probability that it will cause trouble

He is asking for trouble with his behavior


She hoped that the problem would eventually pass away


cause to finish a relationship with somebody


finish a game in baseball by protecting a lead

The relief pitcher closed with two runs in the second inning


The lights suddenly went out and we were in the dark


oewn-finish_up-v oewn-land_up-v oewn-fetch_up-v oewn-end_up-v oewn-wind_up-v oewn-finish-v

He ended up marrying his high school sweetheart


She ended their friendship when she found out that he had once been convicted of a crime


Mary gave John the axe after she saw him with another woman


oewn-stem-v oewn-stanch-v oewn-staunch-v oewn-halt-v


arrest the motion (of something) abruptly

He checked the flow of water by shutting off the main valve


destroy a vitally essential quality of or in

Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods


The daily stress of her work is killing her


bring the association of to an end or cause to break up

The decree officially dissolved the marriage


undergo or cause to undergo a change in the surface


bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat

The highway buckled during the heat wave


rise upward, as from pressure or moisture


oewn-shoot-v oewn-spud-v oewn-germinate-v oewn-pullulate-v oewn-bourgeon-v oewn-burgeon_forth-v oewn-sprout-v


oewn-die-v oewn-decease-v oewn-perish-v oewn-go-v oewn-exit-v oewn-pass_away-v oewn-expire-v oewn-pass-v oewn-kick_the_bucket-v oewn-cash_in_one-ap-s_chips-v oewn-buy_the_farm-v oewn-conk-v oewn-give-up_the_ghost-v oewn-drop_dead-v oewn-pop_off-v oewn-choke-v oewn-croak-v oewn-snuff_it-v

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


The war widowed many women in the former Yugoslavia


die from being submerged in water, getting water into the lungs, and asphyxiating


All these flowers come to life when the rains come


the cigar smoke curled up at the ceiling


oewn-break-v oewn-break_off-v oewn-discontinue-v oewn-stop-v


stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments


interrupt before its natural or planned end


drop prosecution of by entering a nolle prosequi in the court records


stop a process or a habit by imposing a freeze on it


She bogged down many times while she wrote her dissertation


Her sharp questions punctuated the speaker's drone


heat food in order to kill harmful microorganisms


undergo condensation; change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops


Congress condensed the three-year plan into a six-month plan


All our planets condensed out of the same material


vaporize and then condense right back again


change or cause to change directly from a solid into a vapor without first melting


cause a gas or vapor to change into a liquid


lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue


cause (a liquid) to evaporate through a semipermeable membrane


evaporate through a semipermeable membrane


The hospital was unitized for efficiency


unite (beliefs or conflicting principles)


come together so as to form a single product

Social forces converged to bring the Fascists back to power


unite on a federal basis or band together as a league

The country was federated after the civil war


enter into a league for a common purpose

The republics federated to become the Soviet Union


The air cooled considerably after the thunderstorm


cool (hot metal) by plunging into cold water or other liquid


cool or chill in or as if in a refrigerator


scald tomatoes so that they can be peeled


many foods must be refrigerated or else they will spoil


heat a substance so that it oxidizes or reduces


She warmed up after we had lunch together


oewn-carbonize-v oewn-carbonise-v oewn-carburize-v oewn-carburise-v


burn, sear, or freeze (tissue) using a hot iron or electric current or a caustic agent


bring to, or maintain at, the boiling point


extract the essence of something by boiling it


come to the boiling point and change from a liquid to vapor


overflow or cause to overflow while boiling


store in a deep-freeze, as for conservation


freeze rapidly so as to preserve the natural juices and flavors


oewn-dissolve-v oewn-thaw-v oewn-unfreeze-v oewn-unthaw-v oewn-dethaw-v oewn-melt-v

become or cause to become soft or liquid


melt or become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air


burn completely; be consumed or destroyed by fire


set a controlled fire to halt an advancing forest to prairie fire


oewn-char-v oewn-blacken-v oewn-sear-v oewn-scorch-v

burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color


the tight shoes and perspiration blistered her feet


Dyslexics often transpose letters in a word


to establish a mapping (of mathematical elements or sets)


Can you transpose this fugue into G major?


change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy


oewn-metricize-v oewn-metricise-v oewn-metrify-v oewn-metricate-v

convert from a non-metric to the metric system


increase or decrease (an alternating current or voltage)


change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species


change or alter in form, appearance, or nature

This experience transformed her completely


change (the Eucharist bread and wine) into the body and blood of Christ


change from one form or medium into another


make useful again; transform from a useless or uncultivated state


change completely the nature or appearance of

In Kafka's story, a person metamorphoses into a bug


change religious beliefs, or adopt a religious belief


oewn-reform-v oewn-reclaim-v oewn-regenerate-v oewn-rectify-v

bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one


amplify (an electron current) by causing part of the power in the output circuit to act upon the input circuit


The missionaries converted the Indian population


The Mughals Islamized much of Northern India in the 16th century


missionaries have tried to Christianize native people all over the world


some people want to Christianize ancient pagan sites


The missionaries evangelized the Pacific Islanders


oewn-catholicize-v oewn-catholicise-v oewn-latinize-v oewn-latinise-v


reverse the position, order, relation, or condition of

when forming a question, invert the subject and the verb


make an inversion (in a musical composition)


oewn-revert-v oewn-return-v oewn-retrovert-v oewn-regress-v oewn-turn_back-v


return to the original position or state after being stretched or compressed


oewn-personalize-v oewn-personalise-v oewn-individualize-v oewn-individualise-v


Will computers depersonalize human interactions?


oewn-lay_waste_to-v oewn-waste-v oewn-devastate-v oewn-desolate-v oewn-ravage-v oewn-scourge-v

cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

The enemy lay waste to the countryside after the invasion


make a pillaging or destructive raid on (a place), as in wartimes


grow weak and thin or waste away physically


lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief

After her husband died, she just pined away


oewn-dampen-v oewn-damp-v oewn-soften-v oewn-weaken-v oewn-break-v


make vague or obscure or make (an image) less visible


suppress or constrain so as to lessen in intensity


suppress the development, creativity, or imagination of


become stultified, suppressed, or stifled

He is suffocating--living at home with his aged parents in the small village


reduce the amplitude (of oscillations or waves)


Middle age dulled her appetite for travel


The chemical clouded the liquid to which it was added


become dull or lusterless in appearance; lose shine or brightness

the varnished table top dulled with time


lose strength or effectiveness; become or appear boring, insipid, or tiresome (to)


make sharp or acute; taper; make (something) come to a point


get or become familiar or accustomed with through experience

I finally got used to my husband's odd habits


make synchronous and adjust in time or manner


adjust so as to be in a synchronized condition

he phased the intake with the output of the machine


cause to become desynchronized; cause to occur at unrelated times


oewn-blend-v oewn-flux-v oewn-mix-v oewn-conflate-v oewn-commingle-v oewn-immix-v oewn-fuse-v oewn-coalesce-v oewn-meld-v oewn-combine-v oewn-merge-v


The sales tax is absorbed into the state income tax


lose its distinct outline or shape; blend gradually

Hundreds of actors were melting into the scene


cause (something) to be mixed with (something else)

At this stage of making the cake, blend in the nuts


After many years the rose bushes grew together


unite chemically so that the product is easily broken down into the original compounds


Hyaline casts were admixed with neutrophils


become plastic or fluid or liquefied from heat

The substances fused at a very high temperature


break into parts or components or lose cohesion or unity


soften or disintegrate, as by undergoing exposure to heat or moisture


incorporate a food ingredient into a mixture by repeatedly turning it over without stirring or beating


soften, usually by steeping in liquid, and cause to disintegrate as a result


become soft or separate and disintegrate as a result of excessive soaking


lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current

the particles disintegrated during the nuclear fission process


cause to undergo fission or lose particles


become putrid; decay with an offensive smell


The strong magnet magnetized the iron shavings


make nonmagnetic; take away the magnetic properties (of)


make simpler or easier or reduce in complexity or extent


oewn-complicate-v oewn-refine-v oewn-rarify-v oewn-elaborate-v


he unnecessarily complexified every problem


have or develop complicating consequences


make complex or intricate or complicated


make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of


attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or intensity by polishing or purifying

many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet


elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme


There was a new development that complicated the matter


make more complicated or confused through entanglements


cause to be in a state of complete confusion


The captain will pressurize the cabin for the passengers' comfort


increase the pressure on a gas or liquid


cause to lose air pressure or collapse by piercing


construct or form anew or provide with a new structure

After his accident, he had to restructure his life


coordinate in such a way that all parts work together effectively


The Russian government centralized the distribution of food


After the revolution, food distribution was decentralized


make conform to socialist ideas and philosophies


Children have to be socialized in school


oewn-fix-v oewn-prepare-v oewn-set_up-v oewn-ready-v oewn-gear_up-v oewn-set-v

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc


provide for the proper care of the passengers on the cruise ship


prepare (students) hastily for an impending exam


put into the required condition beforehand


kill, preserve, and harden (tissue) in order to prepare for microscopic study


get ready for a particular purpose or event


insert a primer into (a gun, mine, or charge) preparatory to detonation or firing


oewn-communize-v oewn-communise-v oewn-bolshevize-v oewn-bolshevise-v

make Communist or bring in accord with Communist principles


After a year in Iowa, he has totally Americanized


make (continental) European in customs, character, or ideas


denationalize and subject (a territory) to the supervision of an agency of a European community of nations


make brutal and depraved; give animal-like qualities to


The year in the US has completely Americanized him


become French in appearance or character


let's Frenchify the restaurant and charge more money


Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace


raise from a barbaric to a civilized state

The wild child found wandering in the forest was gradually civilized


change from governmental to private control or ownership


The French family was naturalized last year


strip of the rights and duties of citizenship


The stories had become naturalized into an American setting


They adopted two children from Nicaragua


come into a new country and change residency

Many people immigrated at the beginning of the 20th century


Britain immigrated many colonists to America


take up residence and become established


settle as colonists or establish a colony (in)


We had to relocate the office because the rent was too high


put out of its usual place, position, or relationship


settle land given by the government and occupy it as a homestead


oewn-settle-v oewn-root-v oewn-take_root-v oewn-steady_down-v oewn-settle_down-v

become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style


only few plants can immigrate to the island


leave one's country of residence for a new one

Many people had to emigrate during the Nazi period


move away from one's native country and adopt a new residence abroad


oewn-equal-v oewn-match-v oewn-equalize-v oewn-equalise-v oewn-equate-v

make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching

let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office


make rigid and set into a conventional pattern


He stiffened when he saw his boss enter the room


oewn-stiffen-v oewn-tighten-v oewn-tighten_up-v oewn-constrain-v


repress or suppress (something regarded as undesirable)

The police clamped down on illegal drugs


Your muscles will firm when you exercise regularly


adding `out' to many verbs transitivizes them


oewn-detransitivize-v oewn-detransitivise-v oewn-intransitivize-v oewn-intransitivise-v

removing the object will intransitivize the verbs


make slack as by lessening tension or firmness


oewn-evanesce-v oewn-fade-v oewn-blow_over-v oewn-pass_off-v oewn-fleet-v oewn-pass-v


the new moon peeped through the tree tops


A rash erupted on her arms after she had touched the exotic plant


reveal its presence or make an appearance

the ghost manifests each year on the same day


be carried somewhere by water or as if by water


oewn-come_on-v oewn-come_out-v oewn-turn_up-v oewn-surface-v oewn-show_up-v

appear or become visible; make a showing


Suddenly, the proprietor emerged from his office


appear on the surface, come to the surface on the ground


come into being or existence, or appear on the scene

Then the computer came along and changed our lives


come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons

How many people turned out that evening?


The missing man suddenly resurfaced in New York


Some nice results emerged from the study


get lost, as without warning or explanation


disappear without notifying anyone (idiom)


diversify your financial portfolio to hedge price risks


oewn-reduce-v oewn-cut_down-v oewn-cut_back-v oewn-trim-v oewn-trim_down-v oewn-trim_back-v oewn-cut-v oewn-bring_down-v


reduce the degree of (luminescence or phosphorescence) in (excited molecules or a material) by adding a suitable substance


Towards the end of town, the houses thinned out


reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die


make more extreme; raise in quantity, degree, or intensity


fall heavily or suddenly; decline markedly


Prices tumbled after the devaluation of the currency


oewn-wax-v oewn-mount-v oewn-climb-v oewn-rise-v

Sales were climbing after prices were lowered


make (a garment) fuller by pleating or gathering


increase in size, volume or significance


oewn-fail-v oewn-go_bad-v oewn-give_way-v oewn-die-v oewn-give_out-v oewn-conk_out-v oewn-go-v oewn-break-v oewn-break_down-v


end resistance, as under pressure or force

The door yielded to repeated blows with a battering ram


melt, break, or become otherwise unusable


unroll, unfold, or spread out or be unrolled, unfolded, or spread out from a furled state


roll up (a portion of a sail) in order to reduce its area


vary in order to spread risk or to expand


spread into new habitats and produce variety or variegate


variegate with different colors, shades, or patterns


oewn-specialize-v oewn-specialise-v oewn-narrow-v oewn-narrow_down-v

become more focused on an area of activity or field of study


She overspecialized when she concentrated on verbs in Fijian


oewn-accelerate-v oewn-speed_up-v oewn-speed-v oewn-quicken-v


cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate


increase the number of rotations per minute


oewn-decelerate-v oewn-slow-v oewn-slow_down-v oewn-slow_up-v oewn-retard-v


The brain damage will retard the child's language development


oewn-slow-v oewn-slow_down-v oewn-slow_up-v oewn-slack-v oewn-slacken-v


The market is being clogged by these operations


oewn-slack-v oewn-slacken-v oewn-slack_up-v oewn-relax-v


lessen the authority, dignity, or reputation of


oewn-gasify-v oewn-vaporize-v oewn-vaporise-v oewn-aerify-v


the liquid jelled after we added the enzyme


oewn-crystallize-v oewn-crystalize-v oewn-crystalise-v oewn-effloresce-v

assume crystalline form; become crystallized


oewn-liquefy-v oewn-liquify-v oewn-liquidize-v oewn-liquidise-v

make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating


reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating


melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities


make solid or more solid; cause to solidify


change from a liquid to a solid when cold


oewn-crystallize-v oewn-crystallise-v oewn-crystalize-v oewn-crystalise-v

cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form


The sugar quickly dissolved in the coffee


undergo solvation or convert into a solvate


undergo a chemical reaction; react with another substance under certain conditions


The recipe says that we should dissolve a cup of sugar in two cups of water


grow less and less substantial until it disappears


selectively dissolve the surface of (a semiconductor or printed circuit) with a solvent, laser, or stream of electrons


take away the legal force of or render ineffective


remove (water) from a boat by dipping and throwing over the side


create a vacuum in (a bulb, flask, reaction vessel)


clear (a room, house, place) of occupants or empty or clear (a place or receptacle) of something


clear the patrons from the theater after the bomb threat


populate the forest with deer and wild boar for hunting


Stalin wanted to people the empty steppes


Our basement flooded during the heavy rains


supply a rack with feed for (horses or other animals)


fill something that had previously been emptied


cause to spread or flush or flood through, over, or across

The sky was suffused with a warm pink color


force a fluid through (a body part or tissue)


to become overspread as with a fluid, a colour, a gleam of light

His whole frame suffused with a cold dew


cause to flow or flood with or as if with water


bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements


make complete or perfect; supply what is wanting or form the complement to

I need some pepper to complement the sweet touch in the soup


cause (a chemical compound, vapour, solution, magnetic material) to unite with the greatest possible amount of another substance


cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing


become homogeneous or similar, as by mixing

The two liquids homogenized in the blender


change from a liquid to a thickened or solid state


cause to change from a liquid to a solid or thickened state


oewn-sour-v oewn-turn-v oewn-ferment-v oewn-work-v


We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content


convert a juice into wine by fermentation


oewn-rush-v oewn-hasten-v oewn-hurry-v oewn-look_sharp-v oewn-festinate-v