of the plains of central and eastern Africa


narrow-striped nearly extinct zebra of southern Africa


mammal of South Africa that resembled a zebra; extinct since late 19th century


massive powerful herbivorous odd-toed ungulate of southeast Asia and Africa having very thick skin and one or two horns on the snout


extinct thick-haired species of Arctic regions


large light-grey African rhinoceros having two horns; endangered; sometimes placed in genus Diceros


large inoffensive chiefly nocturnal ungulate of tropical America and southeast Asia having a heavy body and fleshy snout


a tapir found in South America and Central America


an order of hooved mammals of the subclass Eutheria (including pigs and peccaries and hippopotami and members of the suborder Ruminantia) having an even number of functional toes


placental mammal having hooves with an even number of functional toes on each foot


stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals


oewn-hog-n oewn-pig-n oewn-grunter-n oewn-squealer-n oewn-Sus_scrofa-n


oewn-piglet-n oewn-piggy-n oewn-shoat-n oewn-shote-n


a mongrel hog with a thin body and long legs and a ridged back; a wild or semi-wild descendant of improved breeds; found chiefly in the southeastern United States


Old World wild swine having a narrow body and prominent tusks from which most domestic swine come; introduced in United States


oewn-babirusa-n oewn-babiroussa-n oewn-babirussa-n oewn-Babyrousa_Babyrussa-n

Indonesian wild pig with enormous curved canine teeth


African wild swine with warty protuberances on the face and large protruding tusks


nocturnal gregarious pig-like wild animals of North America and South America


oewn-collared_peccary-n oewn-javelina-n oewn-Tayassu_angulatus-n oewn-Tayassu_tajacu-n oewn-Peccari_angulatus-n

dark grey peccary with an indistinct white collar; of semi desert areas of Mexico and southwestern United States


blackish peccary with whitish cheeks; larger than the collared peccary


a recently discovered large wild pig of Paraguay


oewn-hippopotamus-n oewn-hippo-n oewn-river_horse-n oewn-Hippopotamus_amphibius-n

massive thick-skinned herbivorous animal living in or around rivers of tropical Africa


cattle, bison, sheep, goats, antelopes, deer, chevrotains, giraffes, camels


any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments


the first compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; here food is collected and returned to the mouth as cud for chewing


the second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant


the third compartment of the stomach of a ruminant


the fourth compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; the one where digestion takes place


true antelopes; cattle; oxen; sheep; goats


term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos: cattle, buffalo, and sometimes includes kudu


term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos


wild and domestic cattle; in some classifications placed in the subfamily Bovinae or tribe Bovini


any of various wild bovines especially of the genera Bos or closely related Bibos


oewn-cattle-n oewn-cows-n oewn-kine-n oewn-oxen-n oewn-Bos_taurus-n

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age


an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus


uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle


motherless calf in a range herd of cattle


an unbranded range animal (especially a stray calf); belongs to the first person who puts a brand on it


long-horned beef cattle formerly common in southwestern United States


oewn-Brahman-n oewn-Brahma-n oewn-Brahmin-n oewn-Bos_indicus-n

any of several breeds of Indian cattle; especially a large American heat and tick resistant greyish humped breed evolved in the Gulf States by interbreeding Indian cattle and now used chiefly for crossbreeding


domesticated ox having a humped back and long horns and a large dewlap; used chiefly as a draft animal in India and east Asia


large recently extinct long-horned European wild ox; considered one of the ancestors of domestic cattle


large long-haired wild ox of Tibet often domesticated


oewn-banteng-n oewn-banting-n oewn-tsine-n oewn-Bos_banteng-n


a breed of dual-purpose cattle developed in Wales


hornless short-haired breed of beef and dairy cattle


Brahman and shorthorn crossbreed of red cattle; hardy in hot regions


tall large-horned humped cattle of South Africa; used for meat or draft


oewn-dairy_cattle-n oewn-dairy_cow-n oewn-milch_cow-n oewn-milk_cow-n oewn-milcher-n oewn-milker-n


hardy breed of dairy cattle from Ayr, Scotland


large hardy brown breed of dairy cattle from Switzerland


large white or cream-colored breed from France


a breed of dairy cattle developed on the island of Jersey


red dual-purpose cattle of English origin


a variety of cattle produced by crossbreeding with a superior breed


breed evolved from shorthorn beef cattle


breed of hardy black chiefly beef cattle native to Scotland


a breed of dairy cattle from northern Holland


breed of dairy cattle from the island of Guernsey


hardy English breed of cattle raised extensively in United States


hardy breed of cattle resulting from crossing domestic cattle with the American buffalo; yields leaner beef than conventional breeds


any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo, Cape buffalo


in some classification systems included in genus Bos; water buffaloes


oewn-water_buffalo-n oewn-water_ox-n oewn-Asiatic_buffalo-n oewn-Bubalus_bubalis-n

an Asian buffalo that is often domesticated for use as a draft animal


upland buffalo of eastern Asia where true water buffaloes do not thrive; used for draft and milk


a genus of mammals of the family Bovidae


small buffalo of the Celebes having small straight horns


oewn-tamarau-n oewn-tamarao-n oewn-Bubalus_mindorensis-n oewn-Anoa_mindorensis-n

small buffalo of Mindoro in the Philippines


large often savage buffalo of southern Africa having upward-curving horns; mostly in game reserves


wild ox of mountainous areas of eastern India


ox of southeast Asia sometimes considered a domesticated breed of the gaur


sometimes considered a subgenus of genus Bos: American buffalo


any of several large humped bovids having shaggy manes and large heads and short horns


oewn-American_bison-n oewn-American_buffalo-n oewn-buffalo-n oewn-Bison_bison-n

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains


European bison having a smaller and higher head than the North American bison


large shaggy-coated bovid mammal of Canada and Greenland; intermediate in size and anatomy between an ox and a sheep


woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat


sheep that leads the herd often wearing a bell


a sheep up to the age of one year; one yet to be sheared


any of various breeds raised for wool or edible meat or skin


sheep with long wool originating in the Cotswold Hills


British breed of hornless dark-faced domestic sheep


long-wooled mutton sheep originally from Lincolnshire


horned sheep of Devon; valued for mutton


hardy hornless sheep of the Cheviot Hills noted for its short thick wool


hardy coarse-haired sheep of central Asia; lambs are valued for their soft curly black fur


white sheep originating in Spain and producing a heavy fleece of exceptional quality


hardy sheep developed from the merino producing both good mutton and fine wool


wild sheep of semidesert regions in central Asia


Asiatic wild sheep with exceptionally large horns; sometimes considered a variety of the argali (or Ovis ammon)


oewn-Dall_sheep-n oewn-Dall-ap-s_sheep-n oewn-white_sheep-n oewn-Ovis_montana_dalli-n

large white wild sheep of northwestern Canada and Alaska


any wild sheep inhabiting mountainous regions


oewn-bighorn-n oewn-bighorn_sheep-n oewn-cimarron-n oewn-Rocky_Mountain_bighorn-n oewn-Rocky_Mountain_sheep-n oewn-Ovis_canadensis-n

wild sheep of mountainous regions of western North America having massive curled horns


wild mountain sheep of Corsica and Sardinia


oewn-aoudad-n oewn-arui-n oewn-audad-n oewn-Barbary_sheep-n oewn-maned_sheep-n oewn-Ammotragus_lervia-n


hairy growth on or near the face of certain mammals


any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns


any of various breeds of goat raised for milk or meat or wool


Himalayan goat having a silky undercoat highly prized as cashmere wool


a domestic breed of goat raised for its long silky hair which is the true mohair


large Himalayan goat with large spiraled horns


wild goat of mountain areas of Eurasia and northern Africa having large recurved horns


bovid related to goats but having antelope-like features: mountain goats, gorals, serows, chamois, gnu goats


sure-footed mammal of mountainous northwestern North America


small goat antelope with small conical horns; of southern Asian mountains


short-horned dark-coated goat antelope of mountain areas of southern and southeastern Asia


hoofed mammal of mountains of Eurasia having upright horns with backward-hooked tips


large heavily built goat antelope of eastern Himalayan area


graceful Old World ruminant with long legs and horns directed upward and backward; includes gazelles, springboks, impalas, addax, gerenuks, blackbucks, dik-diks


common Indian antelope with a dark back and spiral horns


slender East African antelope with slim neck and backward-curving horns


genus of antelopes of northern African deserts


large antelope with lightly spiraled horns of desert regions of northern Africa


large African antelope having a head with horns like an ox and a long tufted tail


genus comprising some small antelopes of eastern and northeastern Africa


any of several small antelopes of eastern Africa of the genus Madoqua; the size of a large rabbit


a large African antelope with lyre-shaped horns that curve backward


a large South African antelope; considered the swiftest hoofed mammal


African antelope with ridged curved horns; moves with enormous leaps


small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes


East African gazelle; the smallest gazelle


oewn-springbok-n oewn-springbuck-n oewn-Antidorcas_marsupialis-n oewn-Antidorcas_euchore-n

a South African gazelle noted for springing lightly into the air


oewn-Tragelaphus-n oewn-genus_Tragelaphus-n oewn-Strepsiceros-n oewn-genus_Strepsiceros-n

African antelopes: kudus, bongos, nyalas, bushbucks


large forest antelope of central Africa having a reddish-brown coat with white stripes and spiral horns


either of two spiral-horned antelopes of the African bush


any of several antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus having striped markings resembling a harness


spiral-horned South African antelope with a fringe of white hairs along back and neck


shaggy antelope of mountains of Ethiopia


antelope with white markings like a harness and twisted horns


oewn-nilgai-n oewn-nylghai-n oewn-nylghau-n oewn-blue_bull-n oewn-Boselaphus_tragocamelus-n

large Indian antelope; male is blue-grey with white markings; female is brownish with no horns


large black East African antelope with sharp backward-curving horns


goat-like antelope of central Eurasia having a stubby nose like a proboscis


small plains antelope of southeastern Africa


either of two large African antelopes of the genus Taurotragus having short spirally twisted horns in both sexes


dark fawn-colored eland of southern and eastern Africa


large dark striped eland of western equatorial Africa


an orange-brown antelope of southeast Africa


tawny-colored African antelope inhabiting wet grassy plains; a threatened species


any of several large African antelopes of the genus Kobus having curved ridged horns and frequenting e.g. swamps and rivers


an African antelope closely related to the waterbuck


large African antelope with long straight nearly upright horns


large South African oryx with a broad black band along its flanks


species of large cow-like mammals of Vietnam discovered by scientists in 1992


cow-like creature with the glossy coat of a horse and the agility of a goat and the long horns of an antelope; characterized as a cow that lives the life of a goat


type and sole genus of the Antilocapridae comprising one species


oewn-pronghorn-n oewn-prongbuck-n oewn-pronghorn_antelope-n oewn-American_antelope-n oewn-Antilocapra_americana-n

fleet antelope-like ruminant of western North American plains with small branched horns


deer: reindeer, moose or elks, muntjacs, roe deer


distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers


stag with antlers of 12 or more branches


oewn-red_deer-n oewn-elk-n oewn-American_elk-n oewn-wapiti-n oewn-Cervus_elaphus-n

common deer of temperate Europe and Asia


a male deer, especially an adult male red deer


a female deer, especially an adult female red deer


a deer of southern Asia with antlers that have three tines


oewn-wapiti-n oewn-elk-n oewn-American_elk-n oewn-Cervus_elaphus_canadensis-n

large North American deer with large much-branched antlers in the male


oewn-Japanese_deer-n oewn-sika-n oewn-Cervus_nippon-n oewn-Cervus_sika-n

small deer of Japan with slightly forked antlers


oewn-Virginia_deer-n oewn-white_tail-n oewn-whitetail-n oewn-white-tailed_deer-n oewn-whitetail_deer-n oewn-Odocoileus_Virginianus-n

common North American deer; tail has a white underside


long-eared deer of western North America with two-pronged antlers


oewn-black-tailed_deer-n oewn-blacktail_deer-n oewn-blacktail-n oewn-Odocoileus_hemionus_columbianus-n


large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called `elk' in Europe and `moose' in North America


small graceful deer of Eurasian woodlands having small forked antlers


oewn-caribou-n oewn-reindeer-n oewn-Greenland_caribou-n oewn-Rangifer_tarandus-n

Arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called `reindeer' in Eurasia and `caribou' in North America


any of several large caribou living in coniferous forests of southern Canada; in some classifications included in the species Rangifer tarandus


of tundra of northern Canada; in some classifications included in the species Rangifer tarandus


small South American deer with unbranched antlers


small Asian deer with small antlers and a cry like a bark


small heavy-limbed upland deer of central Asia; male secretes valued musk


large Chinese deer surviving only in domesticated herds


very small hornless deer-like ruminant of tropical Asia and west Africa


chevrotain somewhat larger than the kanchil; found in India and Malaya


largest chevrotain; of marshy areas of west Africa


cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions


one-humped camel of the hot deserts of northern Africa and southwestern Asia


two-humped camel of the cold deserts of central Asia


wild or domesticated South American cud-chewing animal related to camels but smaller and lacking a hump


used in the Andes as a beast of burden and source of wool; considered a domesticated variety of the guanaco


domesticated llama with long silky fleece; believed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco


small wild cud-chewing Andean animal similar to the guanaco but smaller; valued for its fleecy undercoat


tallest living quadruped; having a spotted coat and small horns and very long neck and legs; of savannahs of tropical Africa


similar to the giraffe but smaller with much shorter neck and stripe on the legs


foot of a pig or sheep especially one used as food


a clawed foot of an animal especially a quadruped


terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates (e.g. apes or kangaroos)

the kangaroo's forearms seem undeveloped but the powerful five-fingered hands are skilled at feinting and clouting


the fleshy cushion-like underside of an animal's foot or of a human's finger


weasels, polecats, ferrets, minks, fishers, otters, badgers, skunks, wolverines, martens


fissiped fur-bearing carnivorous mammals


type genus of the family Mustelidae: minks and weasels


small carnivorous mammal with short legs and elongated body and neck


mustelid of Northern Hemisphere in its white winter coat


the ermine in its brown summer coat with black-tipped tail


of Canada and northeastern United States


the common American weasel distinguished by large size and black-tipped tail


slender-bodied semiaquatic mammal having partially webbed feet; valued for its fur


oewn-polecat-n oewn-fitch-n oewn-foulmart-n oewn-foumart-n oewn-Mustela_putorius-n

dark brown mustelid of woodlands of Eurasia that gives off an unpleasant odor when threatened


domesticated albino variety of the European polecat bred for hunting rats and rabbits


musteline mammal of prairie regions of United States; nearly extinct


small slender burrowing muishond with white top of the head


a genus of Mustelidae, containing the Saharan striped polecat and the striped polecat (Ictonyx)


subdivision not used in some classifications: otters


in some classifications considered a genus of the subfamily Lutrinae


freshwater carnivorous mammal having webbed and clawed feet and dark brown fur


sociable aquatic animal widely distributed along streams and lake borders in North America


large marine otter of northern Pacific coasts having very thick dark brown fur


subdivision not used in some classifications: skunks


American musteline mammal typically ejecting an intensely malodorous fluid when startled; in some classifications put in a separate subfamily Mephitinae


in some classifications: type genus of the subfamily Mephitinae


most common and widespread North American skunk


of Mexico and southernmost parts of southwestern United States


a genus of Mustelidae, containing the hog-nosed skunks (Conepatus)


oewn-hog-nosed_skunk-n oewn-hognosed_skunk-n oewn-badger_skunk-n oewn-rooter_skunk-n oewn-Conepatus_leuconotus-n

large naked-muzzled skunk with white back and tail; of southwestern North America and Mexico


a genus of Mustelidae, containing the spotted skunks (Spilogale)


small skunk with a marbled black and white coat; of United States and Mexico


subdivision not used in some classifications: badgers


sturdy carnivorous burrowing mammal with strong claws; widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere


in some classifications considered a genus of subfamily Melinae


in some classifications: type genus of the subfamily Melinae


a variety of badger native to Europe and Asia


nocturnal badger-like carnivore of wooded regions of Africa and southern Asia


a genus of Mustelidae containing the ferret-badgers or fadgers (Melogale)


small ferret-like badger of southeast Asia


oewn-hog_badger-n oewn-hog-nosed_badger-n oewn-sand_badger-n oewn-Arctonyx_collaris-n

southeast Asian badger with a snout like a pig


oewn-wolverine-n oewn-carcajou-n oewn-skunk_bear-n oewn-Gulo_luscus-n

stocky shaggy-coated North American carnivorous mammal


a genus of Mustelidae, containing the grisons (Grison)


carnivore of Central America and South America resembling a weasel with a greyish-white back and dark underparts


agile slender-bodied arboreal mustelids somewhat larger than weasels


dark brown marten of northern Eurasian coniferous forests


marten of northern Asian forests having luxuriant dark brown fur


Eurasian marten having a brown coat with pale breast and throat


oewn-fisher-n oewn-pekan-n oewn-fisher_cat-n oewn-black_cat-n oewn-Martes_pennanti-n

large dark brown North American arboreal carnivorous mammal


a genus of Mustelidae, containing the yellow-throated marten (Charronia)


large yellow and black marten of southern China and Burma


long-tailed arboreal mustelid of Central America and South America


animals that exist only in fiction (usually in children's stories)


a fictional mouse created by Lewis Carroll


a fictional mouse created in animated film strips by Walt Disney


a fictional duck created in animated film strips by Walt Disney


a fictional mouse endowed with great strength and courage


forward projecting part of the head of certain animals; includes the jaws and nose


a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose


beaklike projection of the anterior part of the head of certain insects such as e.g. weevils


any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals having very thick skin: elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus


order of mammals having few or no teeth including: New World anteaters, sloths, armadillos


primitive terrestrial mammal with few if any teeth; of tropical Central America and South America


burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal with body covered with strong horny plates


oewn-peba-n oewn-nine-banded_armadillo-n oewn-Texas_armadillo-n oewn-Dasypus_novemcinctus-n

having nine hinged bands of bony plates; ranges from Texas to Paraguay


a genus of Dasypodidae, containing the two species of three-banded armadilloes (Tolypeutes)


South American armadillo with three bands of bony plates


naked-tailed armadillo of tropical South America


a genus of Dasypodidae, containing Euphractus sexcinctus, commonly known as the six-banded armadillo or the yellow armadillo (Euphractus)


Argentine armadillo with six movable bands and hairy underparts


oewn-giant_armadillo-n oewn-tatou-n oewn-tatu-n oewn-Priodontes_giganteus-n


oewn-pichiciago-n oewn-pichiciego-n oewn-fairy_armadillo-n oewn-chlamyphore-n oewn-Chlamyphorus_truncatus-n

very small Argentine armadillo with pale silky hair and pink plates on head and neck


a family of edentates comprising the true sloths


any of several slow-moving arboreal mammals of South America and Central America; they hang from branches back downward and feed on leaves and fruits


type genus of the Bradypodidae: three-toed sloths


a sloth that has three long claws on each forefoot and each hindfoot


mammal family consisting of the two-toed sloths


a genus of Megalonychidae consisting of the two-toed sloth


oewn-two-toed_sloth-n oewn-unau-n oewn-unai-n oewn-Choloepus_didactylus-n

relatively small fast-moving sloth with two long claws on each front foot


oewn-two-toed_sloth-n oewn-unau-n oewn-unai-n oewn-Choloepus_hoffmanni-n

a sloth of Central America that has two long claws on each forefoot and three long claws on each hindfoot


gigantic extinct terrestrial sloth-like mammal of the Pliocene and Pleistocene in America


type genus of the Mylodontidae; sometimes included in family Megatheriidae


large (bear-sized) extinct edentate mammal of the Pleistocene in South America


supposed human-sized sloth-like creature reportedly sighted by Indians in the Amazon rain forest


any of several tropical American mammals of the family Myrmecophagidae which lack teeth and feed on ants and termites


type genus of the Myrmecophagidae; South American ant bear


oewn-ant_bear-n oewn-giant_anteater-n oewn-great_anteater-n oewn-tamanoir-n oewn-Myrmecophaga_jubata-n

large shaggy-haired toothless anteater with long tongue and powerful claws; of South America


squirrel-sized South American toothless anteater with long silky golden fur


oewn-tamandua-n oewn-tamandu-n oewn-lesser_anteater-n oewn-Tamandua_tetradactyla-n

small toothless anteater with prehensile tail and four-clawed forelimbs; of tropical South America and Central America


pangolins; in some former classifications included in the order Edentata


toothless mammal of southern Africa and Asia having a body covered with horny scales and a long snout for feeding on ants and termites


the part between the fetlock and the hoof


margin between the skin of the pastern and the horn of the hoof


projection behind and above a horse's hoof


the joint between the cannon bone and the pastern


the highest part of the back at the base of the neck of various animals especially draft animals


lower part of the leg extending from the hock to the fetlock in hoofed mammals


greatly developed metatarsal or metacarpal bone in the shank or cannon part of the leg in hoofed mammals


tarsal joint of the hind leg of hoofed mammals; corresponds to the human ankle


either side of the backbone between the hipbone and the ribs in humans as well as quadrupeds


oewn-hindquarters-n oewn-croup-n oewn-croupe-n oewn-rump-n

the part of an animal that corresponds to the human buttocks


lower part of a horse's thigh between the hock and the stifle


joint between the femur and tibia in a quadruped; corresponds to the human knee


a posterior appendage such as a leg or the homologous structure in other animals


the front limb (or the homologous structure in other animals, such as a flipper or wing)


the flat broad limb of aquatic animals specialized for swimming


one of a pair of fleshy appendages of a polychete annelid that functions in locomotion and breathing


an organ specialized for sucking nourishment or for adhering to objects by suction


a sharp organ of offense or defense (as of a wasp or stingray or scorpion) often connected with a poison gland


sense organs of fish and amphibians; believed to detect pressure changes in the water


organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals


unpaired median fin on the backs of fishes and some other aquatic vertebrates that help to maintain balance


either of a pair of fins situated just behind the head in fishes that help control the direction of movement


either of a pair of fins attached to the pelvic girdle in fishes that help control the direction of movement; correspond to hind limbs of a land vertebrate


the tail of fishes and some other aquatic vertebrates


a tail fin with unequal lobes in which the vertebral column turns upward into the larger lobe as in sharks


symmetrical tail fin extending beyond the end of the vertebral column as in most bony fishes


an air-filled sac near the spinal column in many fishes that helps maintain buoyancy


any of the membranous air-filled extensions of the lungs of birds


any of the thin-walled extensions of the tracheae of insects


oil-secreting gland situated at the base of the tail in most birds


silk-producing gland of insects (especially of a silkworm) or spiders


the joint of a mammal or bird that corresponds to the human elbow


a small horny callus on the inner surface of a horse's leg


one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect


oewn-flight_feather-n oewn-pinion-n oewn-quill-n oewn-quill_feather-n

any of the larger wing or tail feathers of a bird


one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing


a feather covering the shoulder of a bird


feather growing from the tail (uropygium) of a bird


an animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings


any placental mammal of the order Primates; has good eyesight and flexible hands and feet


any of various primates with short tails or no tail at all


any member of the suborder Anthropoidea including monkeys and apes and hominids


any tailless ape of the families Pongidae and Hylobatidae


modern man and extinct immediate ancestors of man


oewn-homo-n oewn-man-n oewn-human_being-n oewn-human-n

any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage


oewn-world-n oewn-human_race-n oewn-humanity-n oewn-humankind-n oewn-human_beings-n oewn-humans-n oewn-mankind-n oewn-man-n

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth


extinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain

Homo erectus was formerly called Pithecanthropus erectus


former genus of primitive apelike men now Homo erectus


fossil remains found in Java; formerly called Pithecanthropus erectus


fossils found near Beijing, China; they were lost during World War II


genus to which Peking man was formerly assigned


extinct primitive hominid of late Pleistocene; Java; formerly Javanthropus


former genus of primitive man; now Homo soloensis: comprises Solo man


early man of late Pleistocene; skull resembles that of Neanderthal man but with smaller cranial capacity; found in Java


extinct species of upright East African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics


the only surviving hominid; species to which modern man belongs; bipedal primate having language and ability to make and use complex tools; brain volume at least 1400 cc


oewn-Neandertal_man-n oewn-Neanderthal_man-n oewn-Neandertal-n oewn-Neanderthal-n oewn-Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis-n

extinct robust human of Middle Paleolithic in Europe and western Asia


extinct human of Upper Paleolithic in Europe


possible early Homo sapiens represented by a cranium found in the Transvaal; formerly considered a separate species


subspecies of Homo sapiens; includes all modern races


former name for the genus Australopithecus


any of several extinct humanlike bipedal primates with relatively small brains of the genus Australopithecus; from 1 to 4 million years ago


fossils found in Ethiopia; from 3.5 to 4 million years ago


incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974


gracile hominid of southern Africa; from about 3 million years ago


large-toothed hominid of eastern Africa; from 1 to 2 million years ago


genus to which Australopithecus boisei was formerly assigned


large-toothed hominid of southern Africa; from 1.5 to 2 million years ago; formerly Paranthropus


former classification for Australopithecus robustus


genus of Old World hominoids; Miocene and Pliocene


considered a possible ancestor to both anthropoid apes and humans


fossil hominoids from northern central Hungary; late Miocene


a genus of Hominidae consisting of two species, Ouranopithecus macedoniensis and Ouranopithecus turkae (Ouranopithecus)


a genus of Hominidae containing three species, L. lufengensis, L. hudienensis and L. keiyuanensis (Lufengpithecus)


genus of extinct primitive African primates of the Miocene epoch; sometimes considered a subgenus of Dryopithecus


an anthropoid ape of the genus Proconsul


extinct primate having powerful chewing muscles along with large molars and small incisors; fossils found in Kenya


extinct primate of about 38 million years ago; fossils found in Egypt


tiny (150 to 300 grams) extinct primate of 46 to 50 million years ago; fossils found in Algeria; considered by some authorities the leading candidate for the first anthropoid


usually considered as comprising orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and sometimes gibbons


any of the large anthropoid apes of the family Pongidae


type genus of the family Pongidae: orangutans


oewn-orangutan-n oewn-orang-n oewn-orangutang-n oewn-Pongo_pygmaeus-n

large long-armed ape of Borneo and Sumatra having arboreal habits


largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa


the smallest subspecies of gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)


the largest subspecies of gorilla (Gorilla gorilla grauri)


an adult male gorilla with grey hairs across the back


chimpanzees; more closely related to Australopithecus than to other pongids


intelligent somewhat arboreal ape of equatorial African forests


masked or pale-faced chimpanzees of western Africa; distantly related to the eastern and central chimpanzees; possibly a distinct species


long-haired chimpanzees of east-central Africa; closely related to the central chimpanzees


black-faced chimpanzees of central Africa; closely related to eastern chimpanzees


small chimpanzee of swamp forests in Zaire; a threatened species


used in some classifications for the lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs); sometimes considered a subfamily of Pongidae


smallest and most perfectly anthropoid arboreal ape having long arms and no tail; of southern Asia and East Indies


used in some classifications for the siamangs


large black gibbon of Sumatra having the 2nd and 3rd toes partially united by a web


Old World monkeys: guenon, baboon, colobus monkey, langur, macaque, mandrill, mangabey, patas, proboscis monkey


any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)


of Africa or Arabia or Asia; having nonprehensile tails and nostrils close together


type genus of the Cercopithecidae: guenons


small slender African monkey having long hind limbs and tail and long hair around the face


smallest guenon monkey; of swampy central and west African forests


white and olive green East African monkey with long white tufts of hair beside the face


South African monkey with black face and hands


common savannah monkey with greenish-grey back and yellow tail


large agile arboreal monkey with long limbs and tail and white upper eyelids


reddish long-tailed monkey of west Africa


large terrestrial monkeys having doglike muzzles


greyish baboon of southern and eastern Africa


a genus containing the mandrill and drill (Mandrillus)


baboon of west Africa with a bright red and blue muzzle and blue hindquarters


similar to the mandrill but smaller and less brightly colored


short-tailed monkey of rocky regions of Asia and Africa


of southern Asia; used in medical research


oewn-bonnet_macaque-n oewn-bonnet_monkey-n oewn-capped_macaque-n oewn-crown_monkey-n oewn-Macaca_radiata-n

Indian macaque with a bonnet-like tuft of hair


tailless macaque of rocky cliffs and forests of northwestern Africa and Gibraltar


monkey of southeast Asia, Borneo and the Philippines


oewn-entellus-n oewn-hanuman-n oewn-Presbytes_entellus-n oewn-Semnopithecus_entellus-n

langur of southern Asia; regarded as sacred in India


arboreal monkey of western and central Africa with long silky fur and reduced thumbs


a colobus monkey with a reddish brown coat and white silky fringes down both sides of the body


Borneo monkey having a long bulbous nose


New World monkeys: capuchin, douroucouli, howler monkey, saki, spider monkey, squirrel monkey, titi, uakari, woolly monkey, marmoset, tamarin


hairy-faced arboreal monkeys having widely separated nostrils and long usually prehensile tails


small soft-furred South American and Central American monkey with claws instead of nails


type genus of the Callithricidae: true marmosets


the smallest monkey; of tropical forests of the Amazon


oewn-tamarin-n oewn-lion_monkey-n oewn-lion_marmoset-n oewn-leoncita-n

small South American marmoset with silky fur and long nonprehensile tail


golden South American monkey with long soft hair forming a mane


South American tamarin with a tufted head


all the New World monkeys except marmosets and tamarins


monkey of Central America and South America having thick hair on the head that resembles a monk's cowl


nocturnal monkey of Central America and South America with large eyes and thick fur


monkey of tropical South American forests having a loud howling cry


small arboreal monkey of tropical South America with long hair and bushy nonprehensile tail


medium-sized tree-dwelling monkey of the Amazon basin; only New World monkey with a short tail


small South American monkeys with long beautiful fur and long nonprehensile tail


arboreal monkey of tropical America with long slender legs and long prehensile tail


small long-tailed monkey of Central American and South America with greenish fur and black muzzle


large monkeys with dark skin and woolly fur of the Amazon and Orinoco basins


a small order comprising only the tree shrews: in some classifications tree shrews are considered either primates (and included in the suborder Prosimii) or true insectivores (and included in the order Insectivora)


tree shrews; in some classifications tree shrews are considered prosimian primates


the type genus of the Tupaia: chief genus of tree shrews


insectivorous arboreal mammal of southeast Asia that resembles a squirrel with large eyes and long sharp snout


brown tree shrew having a naked tail bilaterally fringed with long stiff hairs on the distal third; of Malaysia


not used in all classifications; in some classifications considered coextensive with the Lemuroidea; in others includes both Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea


primitive primates having large ears and eyes and characterized by nocturnal habits


extinct small mostly diurnal lower primates that fed on leaves and fruit; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; their descendants probably include the lemurs; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins


Lemuridae, Lorisidae, Daubentoniidae, Indriidae; used in some classifications instead of Prosimii, in others considered a subdivision of Prosimii


large-eyed arboreal prosimian having foxy faces and long furry tails


in some classifications either coextensive with the Lemuroidea or comprising the true lemurs


small lemur having its tail barred with black


type genus; coextensive with the family Daubentoniidae


nocturnal lemur with long bony fingers and rodent-like incisor teeth closely related to the lemurs


slow-moving omnivorous nocturnal primates of tropical Asia; usually tailless


slim-bodied lemur of southern India and Sri Lanka


a genus of Lorisidae, containing the slow lorises (Nycticebus)


a genus of Lorisidae, containing the potto (Perodicticus)


a kind of gray-brown lemur (Perodicticus potto)


a genus of Lorisidae, containing the Calabar and golden angwantibos (Arctocebus)


a kind of yellow or golden lemur (Arctocebus calabarensis)


agile long-tailed nocturnal African lemur with dense woolly fur and large eyes and ears


oewn-indri-n oewn-indris-n oewn-Indri_indri-n oewn-Indri_brevicaudatus-n

large short-tailed lemur of Madagascar having thick silky fur in black and white and fawn


nocturnal indris with thick grey-brown fur and a long tail


extinct tiny nocturnal lower primates that fed on fruit and insects; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; probably gave rise to the tarsiers; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins


in some classifications assigned to the suborder Prosimii


coextensive with the genus Tarsius: tarsiers


type and sole genus of the family Tarsiidae


nocturnal arboreal primate of Indonesia and the Philippines having huge eyes and digits ending in pads to facilitate climbing; the only primate that spurns all plant material as food living entirely on insects and small vertebrates


the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta)


arboreal nocturnal mammal of southeast Asia and the Philippines resembling a lemur and having a fold of skin on each side from neck to tail that is used for long gliding leaps


an order of animals including elephants and mammoths


massive herbivorous mammals having tusks and a long trunk


a wild and vicious elephant separated from the herd


Asian elephant having smaller ears and tusks primarily in the male


albinic Indian elephant; rare and sometimes venerated in east Asia


a genus of Elephantidae containing the African elephants (Loxodonta)


an elephant native to Africa having enormous flapping ears and ivory tusks


any of numerous extinct elephants widely distributed in the Pleistocene; extremely large with hairy coats and long upcurved tusks


very hairy mammoth common in colder portions of the Northern Hemisphere


extinct type genus of the Mammutidae: mastodons


extinct elephant-like mammal that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differ from mammoths in the form of the molar teeth


mastodon of North America; in some classifications considered a mammoth rather than a mastodon


extinct elephants of Central American and South America; of the Miocene and Pleistocene


an animal that walks with the entire sole of the foot touching the ground as e.g. bears and human beings


an animal that walks so that only the toes touch the ground as e.g. dogs and cats and horses


raccoons, coatis, cacomistles, kinkajous, and sometimes pandas


the type genus of the family Procyonidae: raccoons


an omnivorous nocturnal mammal native to North America and Central America


oewn-common_raccoon-n oewn-common_racoon-n oewn-coon-n oewn-ringtail-n oewn-Procyon_lotor-n


in some classifications considered a separate family


oewn-bassarisk-n oewn-cacomistle-n oewn-cacomixle-n oewn-coon_cat-n oewn-raccoon_fox-n oewn-ringtail-n oewn-ring-tailed_cat-n oewn-civet_cat-n oewn-miner-ap-s_cat-n oewn-Bassariscus_astutus-n

raccoon-like omnivorous mammal of Mexico and the southwestern United States having a long bushy tail with black and white rings


oewn-kinkajou-n oewn-honey_bear-n oewn-potto-n oewn-Potos_flavus-n oewn-Potos_caudivolvulus-n

arboreal fruit-eating mammal of tropical America with a long prehensile tail


oewn-coati-n oewn-coati-mondi-n oewn-coati-mundi-n oewn-coon_cat-n oewn-Nasua_narica-n

omnivorous mammal of Central America and South America


oewn-lesser_panda-n oewn-red_panda-n oewn-panda-n oewn-bear_cat-n oewn-cat_bear-n oewn-Ailurus_fulgens-n

reddish-brown Old World raccoon-like carnivore; in some classifications considered unrelated to the giant pandas


in some classifications considered the family comprising the giant pandas


only the giant panda: in some classifications considered a genus of the separate family Ailuropodidae


oewn-giant_panda-n oewn-panda-n oewn-panda_bear-n oewn-coon_bear-n oewn-Ailuropoda_melanoleuca-n

large black-and-white herbivorous mammal of bamboo forests of China and Tibet; in some classifications considered a member of the bear family or of a separate family Ailuropodidae


respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water


occurs in some mollusks and in tadpoles and other immature amphibians


one of a series of slit openings in the pharynxes of fishes and aquatic amphibians through which water passes


one of the bony or cartilaginous arches on each side of the pharynx that support the gills of fishes and aquatic amphibians


region around the mouth in various invertebrates


a group of vertebrates comprising both cartilaginous and bony fishes and sometimes including the jawless vertebrates; not used technically


any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills


any fish useless for food or sport or even as bait


fish that live on the sea bottom (particularly the commercially important gadoid fish like cod and haddock, or flatfish like flounder)


any of various fishes that carry their eggs and their young in their mouths


a large marine food fish common on the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa


a voracious freshwater fish that is native to northeastern China; can use fin to walk and can survive out of water for three days; a threat to American populations of fish


a class of fish having a skeleton composed of bone in addition to cartilage


fishes having paired fins resembling limbs and regarded as ancestral to amphibians


any fish of the order Crossopterygii; most known only in fossil form


type genus of the Latimeridae: coelacanth


fish thought to have been extinct since the Cretaceous period but found in 1938 off the coast of Africa


bony fishes of the Southern Hemisphere that breathe by a modified air bladder as well as gills; sometimes classified as an order of Crossopterygii


air-breathing fish having an elongated body and fleshy paired fins; certain species construct mucus-lined mud coverings in which to survive drought


lungfishes having hornlike ridges on the teeth


type genus of the Ceratodontidae: extinct genus of lungfishes


an endangered species of lungfish found in rivers in Queensland


an order of fish belonging to the superorder Malacopterygii including catfishes


any of numerous mostly freshwater bottom-living fishes of Eurasia and North America with barbels like whiskers around the mouth


Old World freshwater catfishes having naked skin and a long anal fin more or less merged with the eellike caudal fin


large elongated catfish of central and eastern Europe


freshwater catfish of the Nile and tropical central Africa having an electric organ


type genus of the Ameiuridae: bullhead catfishes


any of several common freshwater catfishes of the United States


oewn-horned_pout-n oewn-hornpout-n oewn-pout-n oewn-Ameiurus_Melas-n


freshwater catfish of eastern United States


freshwater food fish common throughout central United States


oewn-blue_catfish-n oewn-blue_cat-n oewn-blue_channel_catfish-n oewn-blue_channel_cat-n

a large catfish of the Mississippi valley


oewn-flathead_catfish-n oewn-mudcat-n oewn-goujon-n oewn-shovelnose_catfish-n oewn-spoonbill_catfish-n oewn-Pylodictus_olivaris-n

large catfish of central United States having a flattened head and projecting jaw


South American catfish having the body covered with bony plates


any of numerous marine fishes most of which are mouthbreeders; not used for food


type genus of the Ariidae: sea catfishes


cods, haddocks, grenadiers; in some classifications considered equivalent to the order Anacanthini


at least partially equivalent to the order Gadiformes in some classifications


a soft-finned fish of the family Gadidae


large family of important mostly marine food fishes


type genus of the Gadidae: the typical codfishes


major food fish of Arctic and cold-temperate waters


one of the world's most important commercial fishes


a food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus


oewn-burbot-n oewn-eelpout-n oewn-ling-n oewn-cusk-n oewn-Lota_lota-n

elongate freshwater cod of northern Europe and Asia and North America having barbels around its mouth


young Atlantic cod or haddock especially one split and boned for cooking


important food fish on both sides of the Atlantic; related to cod but usually smaller


important food and game fish of northern seas (especially the northern Atlantic); related to cod


a genus of merluccid hakes containing 16 currently recognized species (Merluccius)


any of several marine food fishes related to cod


found off Atlantic coast of North America


a genus of phycid hakes, containing 8 currently recognized species (Urophycis)


elongated marine food fish of Greenland and northern Europe; often salted and dried


large edible marine fish of northern coastal waters; related to cod


oewn-Macrouridae-n oewn-family_Macrouridae-n oewn-Macruridae-n oewn-family_Macruridae-n


deep-sea fish with a large head and body and long tapering tail


elongate fishes with pelvic fins and girdle absent or reduced


voracious snakelike marine or freshwater fishes with smooth slimy usually scaleless skin and having a continuous vertical fin but no ventral fins


eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to the sea to spawn


eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to sea to spawn; found in Europe and America; marketed both fresh and smoked


family of brightly colored voracious eels of warm coastal waters; generally nonaggressive to humans but larger species are dangerous if provoked


a family of conger and garden eels (Congridae)


large dark-colored scaleless marine eel found in temperate and tropical coastal waters; some used for food


large diverse group of bony fishes; includes most living species


most primitive teleost fishes, all are soft-finned: salmon, trout, herring, shad, sardines, anchovies, whitefish, smelts, tarpon


slender cylindrical marine fishes lacking air bladders and teeth


fish of sandy areas of western Pacific and Indian oceans having an angular snout for burrowing into sand


any of numerous soft-finned schooling food fishes of shallow waters of northern seas


the edible young of especially herrings and sprats and smelts


the young of a herring or sprat or similar fish


herring-like food fishes that migrate from the sea to fresh water to spawn


shad of Atlantic coast of North America; naturalized to Pacific coast


shad that spawns in streams of the Mississippi drainage; very similar to Alosa sapidissima


oewn-allice_shad-n oewn-allis_shad-n oewn-allice-n oewn-allis-n oewn-Alosa_alosa-n


shad-like food fish that runs rivers to spawn; often salted or smoked; sometimes placed in genus Pomolobus


genus to which the alewife is sometimes assigned


shad-like North American marine fishes used for fish meal and oil and fertilizer


type genus of the Clupeidae: typical herrings


commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific


important food fish; found in enormous shoals in the northern Atlantic


important food fish of the northern Pacific


any of various small edible herring or related food fishes frequently canned


any of various young herrings (other than brislings) canned as sardines in Norway


small fishes found in great schools along coasts of Europe; smaller and rounder than herring


a genus of pilchards, containing the South American pilchard (Sardinops)


small pilchards common off the pacific coast of North America


small herring-like plankton-eating fishes often canned whole or as paste; abundant in tropical waters worldwide


esteemed for its flavor; usually preserved or used for sauces and relishes


soft-finned fishes of cold and temperate waters


any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn


type genus of the Salmonidae: salmon and trout


found in northern coastal Atlantic waters or tributaries; adults do not die after spawning


Atlantic salmon confined to lakes of New England and southeastern Canada


Pacific salmon including sockeye salmon, chinook salmon, chum salmon, coho salmon


oewn-sockeye-n oewn-sockeye_salmon-n oewn-red_salmon-n oewn-blueback_salmon-n oewn-Oncorhynchus_nerka-n

small salmon with red flesh; found in rivers and tributaries of the northern Pacific and valued as food; adults die after spawning


oewn-chinook-n oewn-chinook_salmon-n oewn-king_salmon-n oewn-quinnat_salmon-n oewn-Oncorhynchus_tshawytscha-n

large Pacific salmon valued as food; adults die after spawning


a large Pacific salmon with small spots on its back; an important food fish


oewn-coho-n oewn-cohoe-n oewn-coho_salmon-n oewn-blue_jack-n oewn-silver_salmon-n oewn-Oncorhynchus_kisutch-n

small salmon of northern Pacific coasts and the Great Lakes


any of various game and food fishes of cool fresh waters mostly smaller than typical salmons


speckled trout of European rivers; introduced in North America


found in Pacific coastal waters and streams from lower California to Alaska


silvery marine variety of brown trout that migrates to fresh water to spawn


large fork-tailed trout of lakes of Canada and the northern United States


North American freshwater trout; introduced in Europe


any of several small trout-like fish of the genus Salvelinus


small trout of northern waters; landlocked populations in Quebec and northern New England


soft-finned fishes comprising the freshwater whitefishes; formerly included in the family Salmonidae


silvery herring-like freshwater food fish of cold lakes of the Northern Hemisphere


type genus of the Coregonidae: whitefishes


found in the Great Lakes and north to Alaska


important food fish of cold deep lakes of North America


a whitefish with a bronze back; of northern North America and Siberia


whitefish of the western United States and Canada


small trout-like silvery marine or freshwater food fishes of cold northern waters


important marine and landlocked food fish of eastern North America and Alaska


very small northern fish; forage for sea birds and marine mammals and other fishes


large silvery game fish of warm Atlantic coastal waters especially off Florida


game fish resembling the tarpon but smaller


type and sole genus of the family Albulidae


slender silvery marine fish found in tropical mud flats and mangrove lagoons


small marine soft-finned fishes with long silvery bodies; related to salmons and trouts


type genus of the Argentinidae: argentines


any of various small silver-scaled salmon-like marine fishes


deep-sea fishes comprising the lantern fishes


small fish having rows of luminous organs along each side; some surface at night


tropical fishes with large mouths in lizard-like heads; found worldwide


small family of soft-finned bottom-dwellers with large eyes; relatives of lizardfishes


bottom-dwellers having large eyes with metallic green luster


slender scaleless predaceous tropical deep-sea fishes


large elongate scaleless oceanic fishes with sharp teeth and a long dorsal fin that resembles a sail


a soft-finned fish of the genus Alepisaurus


a family of large fishes that live in freshwater; includes bandfish and bonytongues


a genus of large freshwater fishes of Australia and Borneo


oewn-Australian_arowana-n oewn-Dawson_River_salmon-n oewn-saratoga-n oewn-spotted_barramundi-n oewn-spotted_bonytongue-n oewn-Scleropages_leichardti-n

a species of large fish found in Australian rivers, it has a red or pink spot on every scale (Scleropages leichardti)


a species of large fish found in Australian rivers, it has several reddish spots in a crescent shape on each scale (Scleropages jardinii)


large elliptical brightly colored deep-sea fish of Atlantic and Pacific and Mediterranean


from Nova Scotia to West Indies and Gulf of Mexico


marine fish having a long compressed ribbonlike body


oewn-oarfish-n oewn-king_of_the_herring-n oewn-ribbonfish-n oewn-Regalecus_glesne-n

thin deep-water tropical fish 20 to 30 feet long having a red dorsal fin


anglers and batfishes; spiny-finned marine fishes having pectoral fins at the ends of armlike processes and a long movable spine on the dorsal fin to lure prey to the large mouth


batfishes: sluggish bottom-dwelling spiny fishes


bottom-dweller of warm western Atlantic coastal waters having a flattened scaleless body that crawls about on fleshy pectoral and pelvic fins


large-headed marine fishes comprising the anglers


oewn-goosefish-n oewn-angler-n oewn-anglerfish-n oewn-angler_fish-n oewn-monkfish-n oewn-lotte-n oewn-allmouth-n oewn-Lophius_Americanus-n

fishes having large mouths with a wormlike filament attached for luring prey


toadfishes; related to anglers and batfishes


bottom-dwelling fish having scaleless slimy skin and a broad thick head with a wide mouth


frogfishes; tropical spiny-finned marine fishes having large nearly vertical mouths; related to toadfishes and anglers


fish having a frog-like mouth with a lure on the snout


small fantastically formed and colored fishes found among masses of sargassum


order of fishes having spineless fins, needlefishes, sauries, flying fishes, halfbeaks


ferocious fishes of warm regions resembling but unrelated to the freshwater gars


elongate European surface-dwelling predacious fishes with long toothed jaws; abundant in coastal waters


found in warm waters of western Atlantic


flying fishes; closely related to the halfbeaks


tropical marine fishes having enlarged winglike fins used for brief gliding flight


having both pectoral and pelvic fins enlarged


halfbeaks; marine and freshwater fishes closely related to the flying fishes but not able to glide


tropical and subtropical marine and freshwater fishes having an elongated body and long protruding lower jaw


oewn-Scomberesocidae-n oewn-family_Scomberesocidae-n oewn-Scombresocidae-n oewn-family_Scombresocidae-n

a biological classification family of fish, in which sauries belong (Scombresocidae, Scomberesocidae)


oewn-Scomberesox-n oewn-genus_Scomberesox-n oewn-Scombresox-n oewn-genus_Scombresox-n


slender long-beaked fish of temperate Atlantic waters


teleost fishes having fins with sharp bony rays


a teleost fish with fins that are supported by sharp inflexible rays


food fish of the northern Pacific related to greenlings


oewn-Perciformes-n oewn-order_Perciformes-n oewn-Percomorphi-n oewn-order_Percomorphi-n

one of the largest natural groups of fishes of both marine and fresh water: true perches, basses, tuna


in some classifications nearly or exactly equivalent to the Perciformes which are considered a suborder


any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of the order Perciformes


any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of various families of the order Perciformes


small freshwater spiny-finned fishes of Africa and southern Asia


the type genus of the family Anabantidae; small fish that resemble perch


a small perch of India whose gills are modified to allow it to breathe air; has spiny pectoral fins that enable it to travel on land


active freshwater fishes; true perches and pike perches


spiny-finned freshwater food and game fishes


any of several pike-like fishes of the perch family


oewn-walleye-n oewn-walleyed_pike-n oewn-jack_salmon-n oewn-dory-n oewn-Stizostedion_vitreum-n


oewn-blue_pike-n oewn-blue_pickerel-n oewn-blue_pikeperch-n oewn-blue_walleye-n oewn-Strizostedion_vitreum_glaucum-n


a small snail-eating perch of the Tennessee River


two species of elongate compressed scaleless large-eyed fishes that live in sand or mud


either of two small silvery scaleless fishes of the northern Pacific that burrow into sand


elongate compressed somewhat eel-shaped fishes


chiefly deep-sea fishes related to the Ophidiidae


found living within the alimentary canals of e.g. sea cucumbers or between the shells of pearl oysters in or near shallow seagrass beds


a family of fish or the order Perciformes including robalos


large tropical American food and game fishes of coastal and brackish waters; resemble pike


a genus of large percoid fishes of fresh and brackish water


oewn-barramundi-n oewn-giant_perch-n oewn-giant_seaperch-n oewn-Asian_seabass-n oewn-white_seabass-n oewn-Lates_calcarifer-n

a species of large perch noted for its sporting and eating qualities; lives in marine, estuary, and freshwater habitats


type and only genus of the family Esocidae


any of several elongate long-snouted freshwater game and food fishes widely distributed in cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere


voracious piscivorous pike of waters of Northern Hemisphere


large (60 to 80 pounds) sport fish of North America


any of several North American species of small pike


common in quiet waters of eastern United States


small but gamy pickerel of Atlantic coastal states


small carnivorous freshwater percoid fishes of North America usually having a laterally compressed body and metallic luster: crappies, black bass, bluegills, pumpkinseed


small sunfishes of central United States rivers


any of various usually edible freshwater percoid fishes having compressed bodies and shiny scales; especially (but not exclusively) of the genus Lepomis


small brilliantly colored North American sunfish


important edible sunfish of eastern and central United States


inhabits streams from South Carolina to Florida; esteemed panfish


game and food fish of upper Mississippi and Great Lakes


widely distributed and highly prized American freshwater game fishes (sunfish family)


oewn-smallmouth-n oewn-smallmouth_bass-n oewn-smallmouthed_bass-n oewn-smallmouth_black_bass-n oewn-smallmouthed_black_bass-n oewn-Micropterus_dolomieu-n

a variety of black bass; the angle of the jaw falls below the eye


oewn-largemouth-n oewn-largemouth_bass-n oewn-largemouthed_bass-n oewn-largemouth_black_bass-n oewn-largemouthed_black_bass-n oewn-Micropterus_salmoides-n

a large black bass; the angle of the jaw falls behind the eye


nontechnical name for any of numerous edible marine and freshwater spiny-finned fishes


marine fishes: sea basses, sea perches, groupers, jewfish


marine food sport fishes mainly of warm coastal waters


small silvery food and game fish of eastern United States streams


North American freshwater bass resembling the larger marine striped bass


any of various food and sport fishes of the Atlantic coast of the United States having an elongated body and long spiny dorsal fin


a genus of Serranidae, containing the temperate ocean-basses native to the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans (Synagrops)


small marine fish with black mouth and gill cavity


bluish black-striped sea bass of the Atlantic coast of the United States


a genus of Serranidae, including the common marine striped bass (Roccus)


oewn-striped_bass-n oewn-striper-n oewn-Roccus_saxatilis-n oewn-rockfish-n

marine food and game fish with dark longitudinal stripes; migrates upriver to spawn; sometimes placed in the genus Morone


brown fish of the Atlantic and Mediterranean found around rocks and shipwrecks


type genus of the Serranidae: mostly small Pacific sea basses


found in warm shallow waters of western Atlantic


usually solitary bottom sea basses of warm seas


black-spotted usually dusky-colored fish with reddish fins


any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers


a genus of Serranidae, containing Paranthias colonus and Paranthias furcifer (Paranthias)


large dark grouper with a thick head and rough scales


a genus of fish of the family Serranidae, including soapfishes


fishes with slimy mucus-covered skin; found in the warm Atlantic coastal waters of America


viviparous percoid fishes comprising the surf fishes


small to medium-sized shallow-water fishes of the Pacific coast of North America


small carnivorous percoid fishes found worldwide in tropical seas


red fishes of American coastal tropical waters having very large eyes and rough scales


brightly colored carnivorous fish of western Atlantic and West Indies waters


bright-colored marine fishes that incubate eggs in the mouth


small red fishes of coral reefs and inshore tropical waters


a cardinalfish found in tropical Atlantic coastal waters


a genus of fish of the family Apogonidae


found in West Indies; lives in mantle cavity of a living conch


short-headed marine fishes; often brightly colored


large brightly colored food fish of deep Atlantic waters


yellow-spotted violet food fish of warm deep waters


food and game fishes related to pompanos


bluish warm-water marine food and game fish that follow schools of small fishes into shallow waters


family of pelagic fishes containing solely the cobia


genus and family are coextensive and comprise only the cobia


large dark-striped tropical food and game fish related to remoras; found worldwide in coastal to open waters


small order of fishes comprising the remoras


fishes having a sucking disk on the head for clinging to other fishes and to ships


marine fishes with a flattened elongated body and a sucking disk on the head for attaching to large fish or moving objects


type genus of the Echeneididae: typical remoras


large blue Pacific remora that attaches to whales and dolphins


large family of narrow-bodied marine food fishes with widely forked tails; chiefly of warm seas


any of several fast-swimming predacious fishes of tropical to warm temperate seas


fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, also known as the common jack, black-tailed trevally, couvalli jack, black cavalli and yellow cavalli (Caranx hippos)


fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, also known as the coolihoo (Caranx bartholomaei)


fish of western Atlantic: Cape Cod to Brazil


a genus of Carangidae, containing the rainbow runner (Elagatis)


streamlined cigar-shaped jack; good game fish


any of several New World tropical fishes having tiny embedded scales


a genus of Carangidae, containing the threadfish or diamond trevallies (Alectis)


fish having greatly elongated front rays on dorsal and anal fins


a genus of Carangidae, containing the lookdowns and moonfishes (Selene)


oewn-moonfish-n oewn-Atlantic_moonfish-n oewn-horsefish-n oewn-horsehead-n oewn-horse-head-n oewn-dollarfish-n oewn-Selene_setapinnis-n

any of several silvery marine fishes with very flat bodies


similar to moonfish but with eyes high on the truncated forehead


a genus of Carangidae, containing the amberjacks (Seriola)


any of several amber to coppery fork-tailed warm-water carangid fishes


game fish of southern California and Mexico having a yellow tail fin


fish having the habit of following ships; found in North American and South American coastal waters


large game fish of Australia and New Zealand


a genus of Carangidae, containing the jacks and pompanos (Trachinotus)


any of several deep-bodied food fishes of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico


found in coastal waters New England to Brazil except clear waters of West Indies


large game fish; found in waters of the West Indies


small pelagic fish often accompanying sharks or mantas


any of a number of fishes of the family Carangidae


the scads (particularly horse mackerels)


oewn-horse_mackerel-n oewn-jack_mackerel-n oewn-Spanish_mackerel-n oewn-saurel-n oewn-Trachurus_symmetricus-n


large elongated compressed food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe


oewn-bigeye_scad-n oewn-big-eyed_scad-n oewn-goggle-eye-n oewn-Selar_crumenophthalmus-n

of Atlantic coastal waters; commonly used for bait


scads especially mackerel scad; cosmopolitan in distribution


small silvery fish; Nova Scotia to Brazil


oewn-round_scad-n oewn-cigarfish-n oewn-quiaquia-n oewn-Decapterus_punctatus-n


large slender food and game fish widely distributed in warm seas (especially around Hawaii)


the more common dolphinfish valued as food; about six feet long


deep-bodied percoid fishes of the open seas


deep-bodied sooty-black pelagic spiny-finned fish of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific; valued for food


small family of marine fishes having covered gills


tropical freshwater fishes of Africa and South America and Central America


any freshwater fish of the family Characinidae


brightly colored tropical freshwater fishes


small bright red and blue aquarium fish from streams in Brazil and Colombia


small voraciously carnivorous freshwater fishes of South America that attack and destroy living animals


any of various elongated tactile or prehensile flexible organs that occur on the head or near the mouth in many animals; used for feeling or grasping or locomotion


one of a pair of mobile appendages on the head of e.g. insects and crustaceans; typically sensitive to touch and taste


bristlelike process near the tip of the antenna of certain flies


slender tactile process on the jaws of a fish


one of the paired abdominal appendages of certain aquatic crustaceans that function primarily for carrying the eggs in females and are usually adapted for swimming


freshwater fishes of tropical America and Africa and Asia similar to American sunfishes; some are food fishes; many small ones are popular in aquariums


important food fish of the Nile and other rivers of Africa and Asia Minor


any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters


an esteemed food fish with pinkish red head and body; common in the Atlantic coastal waters of North America and the Gulf of Mexico


oewn-grey_snapper-n oewn-gray_snapper-n oewn-mangrove_snapper-n oewn-Lutjanus_griseus-n

found in shallow waters off the coast of Florida


similar to and often marketed as `red snapper'


food fish of warm Caribbean and Atlantic waters


superior food fish of the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean with broad yellow stripe along the sides and on the tail


medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter grunting sounds when caught


a grunt with a red mouth that is found from Florida to Brazil


a grunt found from Florida to Brazil and Gulf of Mexico


a genus of Haemulidae, containing grunts native to the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic oceans (Anisotremus)


black and gold grunt found from Bermuda to Caribbean to Brazil


dusky grey food fish found from Louisiana and Florida southward


a genus of Haemulidae, containing grunts native to the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Americas (Orthopristis)


spiny-finned food fishes of warm waters having well-developed teeth


any of numerous marine percoid fishes especially (but not exclusively) of the family Sparidae


important deep-bodied food and sport fish of warm and tropical coastal waters; found worldwide


a genus of Sparidae, containing the southern common seabream, the silver seabream, the redbanded seabream, the bluespotted seabream, the red seabream, and the common seabream (Pagrus)


food fish of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe and America


large (up to 20 lbs) food fish of the eastern coast of the United States and Mexico


a genus of Sparidae, containing the pinfish (Lagodon)


oewn-pinfish-n oewn-sailor-ap-s-choice-n oewn-squirrelfish-n oewn-Lagodon_rhomboides-n

similar to sea bream; small spiny-finned fish found in bays along the southeastern coast of the United States


a genus of Sparidae, containing porgies (Calamus)


Australian food fish having a pinkish body with blue spots


important dark-colored edible food and game fish of Australia


oewn-scup-n oewn-northern_porgy-n oewn-northern_scup-n oewn-Stenotomus_chrysops-n

found in Atlantic coastal waters of North America from South Carolina to Maine; esteemed as a panfish


oewn-scup-n oewn-southern_porgy-n oewn-southern_scup-n oewn-Stenotomus_aculeatus-n

porgy of southern Atlantic coastal waters of North America


warm-water marine fishes including the drums and grunts and croakers and sea trout


widely distributed family of carnivorous percoid fishes having a large air bladder used to produce sound


small to medium-sized bottom-dwelling food and game fishes of shallow coastal and fresh waters that make a drumming noise


black-and-white drumfish with an erect elongated dorsal fin


a genus of fish in the family Sciaenidae, comprising the armed croaker, the silver perch, the swordspine croaker, the ronco croaker, the ground croaker, and bairdiella sanctaeluciae (Bairdiella)


small silvery drumfish often mistaken for white perch; found along coasts of United States from New York to Mexico


a genus of Sciaenidae, containing the fish known as the red drum, the channel bass, the redfish, the spottail bass, or the reds (Sciaenops)


oewn-red_drum-n oewn-channel_bass-n oewn-redfish-n oewn-Sciaenops_ocellatus-n

large edible fish found off coast of United States from Massachusetts to Mexico


large important food fish of Australia; almost indistinguishable from the maigre


any of several fishes that make a croaking noise


a genus containing the finebarbel croakers (Micropogonias)


a silvery-bodied croaker with dark markings and tiny barbels


a genus containing 16 species of drums (Umbrina)


oewn-yellowfin_croaker-n oewn-surffish-n oewn-surf_fish-n oewn-Umbrina_roncador-n

a fish of the Pacific coast of North America


any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters


any of several food and game fishes of the drum family indigenous to warm Atlantic waters of the North American coast


whiting of the southeastern coast of North America


whiting of the east coast of United States; closely resembles king whiting


a dull silvery whiting of southern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States


a genus of Sciaenidae, containing the fish known as the white croaker, the Pasadena trout, the tommy croaker, and the little bass (Genyonemus)


oewn-white_croaker-n oewn-chenfish-n oewn-kingfish-n oewn-Genyonemus_lineatus-n

small silvery marine food fish found off California


a genus of Sciaenidae, containing the queenfish (Seriphus)


silvery and bluish drumfish of shallow California coastal waters


any of several sciaenid fishes of North American coastal waters


food and game fish of North American coastal waters with a mouth from which hooks easily tear out


oewn-spotted_weakfish-n oewn-spotted_sea_trout-n oewn-spotted_squeateague-n oewn-Cynoscion_nebulosus-n

weakfish of southern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of United States


bottom dwelling marine warm water fishes with two barbels on the chin


oewn-goatfish-n oewn-red_mullet-n oewn-surmullet-n oewn-Mullus_surmuletus-n

brightly colored tropical fishes with chin barbels


body bright scarlet with 2 yellow to reddish strips on side


schooling goatfish; greyish with yellow stripe


fishes distinguished by abdominal pelvic fins: families Mugilidae; Atherinidae; Sphyraenidae


freshwater or coastal food fishes a spindle-shaped body; found worldwide


most important commercial mullet in eastern United States


silvery mullet of Atlantic and Pacific coasts


similar to the striped mullet and takes its place in the Caribbean region


small spiny-finned fishes of both salt and fresh water


small fishes having a silver stripe along each side; abundant along the Atlantic coast of the United States


a relatively large silversides of the Pacific coast of North America (known to reach 18 inches in length)


monotypic family of large active fishes of tropical and subtropical waters: barracuda


type and sole genus of the Sphyraenidae: barracuda


any voracious marine fish of the genus Sphyraena having an elongated cylindrical body and large mouth with projecting lower jaw and long strong teeth


large (up to 6 ft) greyish-brown barracuda highly regarded as a food and sport fish; may be dangerous to swimmers


little-known nocturnal fish of warm shallow seas with an oblong compressed body


schooling fishes mostly of Indian and western Pacific oceans; two species in western Atlantic


food and game fish around Bermuda and Florida; often follow ships


deep-bodied disk-shaped food fish of warmer western Atlantic coastal waters


small usually brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes having narrow deep bodies with large broad fins; found worldwide


a butterfly fish of the genus Pomacanthus


gold and black butterflyfish found from West Indies to Brazil


small brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes of coral reefs


type genus of the Pomacentridae: damselfishes


a blue and yellow damselfish of Bermuda and Florida and the West Indies


a genus of clownfishes or anemone fishes (Amphiprion)


large blue-grey black-striped damselfish; nearly worldwide


chiefly tropical marine fishes with fleshy lips and powerful teeth; usually brightly colored


a genus of Labridae commonly known as blue gropers (Achoerodus)


a genus of Labridae containing the hogfish (Lachnolaimus)


large wrasse of western Atlantic; head of male resembles a pig's snout


a genus of Labridae containing 81 species of wrasses (Halicoeres)


bluish and bronze wrasse; found from Florida keys to Brazil


a genus of Labridae containing 28 species of wrasse (Thalassoma)


small Atlantic wrasse the male of which has a brilliant blue head


any of several small wrasses with compressed sharp-edged heads of the West Indies and Mediterranean


large dark-colored food fish of the Atlantic coast of North America


a genus of Labridae, containing the bergall (Tautogolabrus)


common in north Atlantic coastal waters of the United States


gaudy tropical fishes with parrotlike beaks formed by fusion of teeth


mullet-like tropical marine fishes having pectoral fins with long threadlike rays


small large-mouthed tropical marine fishes common along sandy bottoms; males brood egg balls in their mouths; popular aquarium fishes


heavy-bodied marine bottom-lurkers with eyes on flattened top of the head


small pallid fishes of shoal tropical waters of North America and South America having eyes on stalks atop head; they burrow in sand to await prey


elongated mostly scaleless marine fishes with large pectoral fins and reduced pelvic fins


a family of fish including: combtooth blennies


small usually scaleless fishes with comb-like teeth living about rocky shores; are territorial and live in holes between rocks


inhabits both coasts of tropical Atlantic


viviparous blennies of temperate and tropical seas


mostly small blennioid fishes of coral reefs and seagrass beds


a genus of fish of the family Clinidae including pikeblennies


tropical American fishes; males are aggressively defensive of their territory


a family of fish of suborder Blennioidea


small eellike fishes common in shallow waters of the northern Atlantic


slippery scaleless food fish of the northern Atlantic coastal waters


small elongate fishes of shallow northern seas; a long dorsal fin consists entirely of spines


found in Arctic and northern Atlantic waters


eellike fishes found in subarctic coastal waters


a genus of Stichaeidae, commonly known as wrymouths (Cryptacanthodes)


eellike Atlantic bottom fish with large almost vertical mouth


large ferocious northern deep-sea food fishes with strong teeth and no pelvic fins


marine eellike mostly bottom-dwelling fishes of northern seas


an eelpout of northern Europe that is viviparous


brightly colored scaleless Arctic eelpout


common along northeastern coast of North America


oewn-sand_lance-n oewn-sand_launce-n oewn-sand_eel-n oewn-launce-n

very small silvery eellike schooling fishes that burrow into sandy beaches


small often brightly colored scaleless marine bottom-dwellers; found in tropical and warm temperate waters of Europe and America


small spiny-finned fish of coastal or brackish waters having a large head and elongated tapering body having the ventral fins modified as a sucker


found in tropical coastal regions of Africa and Asia; able to move on land on strong pectoral fins


tropical fish that resembles a goby and rests quietly on the bottom in shallow water


pallid bottom-dwelling flat-headed fish with large eyes and a duck-like snout


any of several small freshwater fishes that catch insects by squirting water at them and knocking them into the water; found in Indonesia and Australia


poorly known family of small tropical shallow-water fishes related to gobies


brightly colored coral-reef fish with knifelike spines at the tail


type genus of the Acanthuridae: doctorfishes


snake mackerels; elongated marine fishes with oily flesh; resembles mackerels; found worldwide


predatory tropical fishes with jutting jaws and strong teeth


large snake mackerel with rings like spectacles around its eyes


long-bodied marine fishes having a long whiplike scaleless body and sharp teeth; closely related to snake mackerel


mackerels, tunas, albacores, bonitos, swordfishes, sailfishes


important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters


marine food fishes: mackerels; chub mackerels; tuna


any of various fishes of the family Scombridae


important food fish of the northern Atlantic and Mediterranean; its body is greenish-blue with dark bars and small if any scales


medium-sized mackerel of temperate Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico


large fast-moving predacious food and game fish; found worldwide


any of several large marine food fishes of the genus Scomberomorus


oewn-king_mackerel-n oewn-cavalla-n oewn-cero-n oewn-Scomberomorus_cavalla-n

large mackerel with long pointed snout; important food and game fish of the eastern Atlantic coast southward to Brazil


a large commercially important mackerel of the Atlantic coastal waters of North America


oewn-cero-n oewn-pintado-n oewn-kingfish-n oewn-Scomberomorus_regalis-n

large edible mackerel of temperate United States coastal Atlantic waters


a Spanish mackerel of western North America


any very large marine food and game fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters


large pelagic tuna the source of most canned tuna; reaches 93 pounds and has long pectoral fins; found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters


oewn-bluefin-n oewn-bluefin_tuna-n oewn-horse_mackerel-n oewn-Thunnus_thynnus-n

largest tuna; to 1500 pounds; of mostly temperate seas: feed in polar regions but breed in tropics


may reach 400 pounds; worldwide in tropics


any of various scombroid fishes intermediate in size and characteristics between mackerels and tunas


medium-sized tuna-like food fish of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters; less valued than tuna


oewn-Chile_bonito-n oewn-Chilean_bonito-n oewn-Pacific_bonito-n oewn-Sarda_chiliensis-n

common bonito of Pacific coast of the Americas; its dark oily flesh cans well


oceanic schooling tuna of considerable value in Pacific but less in Atlantic; reaches 75 pounds; very similar to if not the same as oceanic bonito


oceanic bonitos; in some classifications placed in its own family Katsuwonidae


in some classifications considered a separate family comprising the oceanic bonitos


fish whose flesh is dried and flaked for Japanese cookery; may be same species as skipjack tuna


large toothless marine food fish with a long swordlike upper jaw; not completely cold-blooded i.e. they are able to warm their brains and eyes: worldwide in warm waters but feed on cold ocean floor coming to surface at night


large pelagic game fish having an elongated upper jaw and long dorsal fin that resembles a sail


giant warm-water game fish having a prolonged and rounded toothless upper jaw


large long-jawed oceanic sport fishes; related to sailfishes and spearfishes; not completely cold-blooded i.e. able to warm their brains and eyes


largest marlin; may reach 2000 pounds; found worldwide in warm seas


large game fish in the Pacific Ocean; may reach 1000 pounds


Pacific food and game fish marked with dark blue vertical stripes


small marlin (to 180 pounds) of western Atlantic


any of several large vigorous pelagic fishes resembling sailfishes but with first dorsal fin much reduced; worldwide but rare


large silvery fish found worldwide in warm seas but nowhere common; resembles a whale and feeds on plankton


butterfishes: harvest fishes; dollar fishes


small marine fish with a short compressed body and feeble spines


smaller than Florida pompano; common in West Indies


butterfish up to a foot long of Atlantic waters from Chesapeake Bay to Argentina


a genus of Stromateidae, containing driftfishes (Psenes)


small (6 inches) tropical butterfishes found worldwide


a genus of Stromateidae containing deepwater marine perciform fishes (Ariomma)


larger butterfishes of the western Atlantic from the New York area to the northern Gulf of Mexico


sluggish square-tailed fish armored with tough bony scales; of deep warm waters


a genus of Stromateidae, containing medusafishes (Hyperoglyphe)


very small (to 3 inches) flattened marine fish with a sucking disc on the abdomen for clinging to rocks etc.


large food fish of warm waters worldwide having long anal and dorsal fins that with a caudal fin suggest a three-lobed tail


tripletail found from Cape Cod to northern South America


oewn-Gerreidae-n oewn-family_Gerreidae-n oewn-Gerridae-n oewn-family_Gerridae-n


small silvery schooling fishes with protrusible mouths found in warm coastal waters


popular panfish from Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil


silvery mojarra found along sandy shores of the western Atlantic


small family of small food fishes in shallow waters of the Pacific around Indonesia


a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish


shiny substance that resemble enamel and is secreted by the corium of certain fishes (especially ganoid fishes) and composes the outer layer of their scales


a group of mostly extinct primitive bony fishes characterized by armor-like bony scales


primitive fishes having thick bony scales with a shiny covering


oewn-bowfin-n oewn-grindle-n oewn-dogfish-n oewn-Amia_calva-n

primitive long-bodied carnivorous freshwater fish with a very long dorsal fin; found in sluggish waters of North America


primitive fish of the Mississippi valley having a long paddle-shaped snout


fish of larger rivers of China similar to the Mississippi paddlefish


large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in the North Temperate Zone


type genus of the Acipenseridae: sturgeons


oewn-Pacific_sturgeon-n oewn-white_sturgeon-n oewn-Sacramento_sturgeon-n oewn-Acipenser_transmontanus-n

food and game fish of marine and fresh waters of northwestern coast of North America


oewn-beluga-n oewn-hausen-n oewn-white_sturgeon-n oewn-Acipenser_huso-n

valuable source of caviar and isinglass; found in Black and Caspian seas


type genus of the Lepisosteidae: freshwater gars


oewn-gar-n oewn-garfish-n oewn-garpike-n oewn-billfish-n oewn-Lepisosteus_osseus-n

primitive predaceous North American fish covered with hard scales and having long jaws with needlelike teeth


scorpionfishes, sculpins, gurnards, greenlings, flying gurnards


mail-cheeked fishes: scorpionfishes; gurnards


fishes having the head armored with bony plates


any of numerous carnivorous usually bottom-dwelling warm-water marine fishes found worldwide but most abundant in the Pacific


type genus of the Scorpaenidae: scorpionfishes


marine fishes having a tapering body with an armored head and venomous spines


brightly striped fish of the tropical Pacific having elongated spiny fins


venomous tropical marine fish resembling a piece of rock


marine food fish found among rocks along the northern coasts of Europe and America


a rockfish of the Pacific coastal waters of North America


a commercially important fish of the Pacific coast of North America


a large fish of the Pacific coast of North America


large fish of northern Atlantic coasts of America and Europe


any of numerous spiny large-headed usually scaleless scorpaenoid fishes with broad mouths


freshwater sculpin with a large flattened bony-plated head with hornlike spines


small freshwater sculpin of Europe and North America


large sculpin of western Atlantic; inflates itself when caught


small sculpin of the coast of New England


type genus of the Cyclopteridae: lumpfishes


clumsy soft thick-bodied northern Atlantic fish with pelvic fins fused into a sucker; edible roe used for caviar


oewn-Liparididae-n oewn-family_Liparididae-n oewn-Liparidae-n oewn-family_Liparidae-n


type genus of the Liparididae: snailfishes


oewn-snailfish-n oewn-seasnail-n oewn-sea_snail-n oewn-Liparis_liparis-n

small tadpole-shaped cold-water fishes with pelvic fins forming a sucker; related to lumpfish


small slender fish (to 8 inches) with body covered by bony plates; chiefly of deeper northern Pacific waters


common food and sport fish of western coast of North America


oewn-painted_greenling-n oewn-convict_fish-n oewn-convictfish-n oewn-Oxylebius_pictus-n

greenling with whitish body marked with black bands


food fish of the Indonesian region of the Pacific; resembles gurnards


in some classifications restricted to the gurnards and subdivided into the subfamilies Triglinae (true sea robins) and Peristediinae (armored sea robins)


bottom-dwelling coastal fishes with spiny armored heads and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom


American gurnard; mostly found in bays and estuaries


in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising searobins having ordinary scales and no barbels (true searobins)


large searobin; found from Nova Scotia to Florida


in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising the armored searobins


in some classifications the type genus of the subfamily Peristediinae: armored sea robins


sea robins having bony scutes on the body and barbels on the chin; found mostly on the continental slope


tropical fish with huge fanlike pectoral fins for underwater gliding; unrelated to searobins


boxfishes, filefishes, globefishes, ocean sunfishes, triggerfishes, puffers


tropical marine fishes having the teeth fused into a beak and thick skin covered with bony plates or spines


any of numerous compressed deep-bodied tropical fishes with sandpapery skin and erectile spines in the first dorsal fin


oewn-queen_triggerfish-n oewn-Bessy_cerca-n oewn-oldwench-n oewn-oldwife-n oewn-Balistes_vetula-n


narrow flattened warm-water fishes with leathery skin and a long file-like dorsal spine


any of several brightly colored tropical filefishes


any of numerous small tropical fishes having body and head encased in bony plates


trunkfish having hornlike spines over the eyes


oewn-puffer-n oewn-pufferfish-n oewn-blowfish-n oewn-globefish-n

any of numerous marine fishes whose elongated spiny body can inflate itself with water or air to form a globe; several species contain a potent nerve poison; closely related to spiny puffers


spines become erect when the body is inflated; worldwide in warm waters


similar to but smaller than porcupinefish


any of several fishes having rigid flattened spines


oewn-ocean_sunfish-n oewn-sunfish-n oewn-mola-n oewn-headfish-n

among the largest bony fish; pelagic fish having an oval compressed body with high dorsal and anal fins and caudal fin reduced to a rudder-like lobe; worldwide in warm waters


flatfishes: halibut; sole; flounder; plaice; turbot; tonguefishes


any of several families of fishes having flattened bodies that swim along the sea floor on one side of the body with both eyes on the upper side


any of various European and non-European marine flatfish


flounders with both eyes on the right side of the head


a genus of Pleuronectidae containing the starry flounders (Platichthys)


a genus of Pleuronectidae; righteye flounders having a humped nose and small scales; the underside is often brightly colored


American flounder having a yellowish tail


a genus of Pleuronectidae containing the righteye flounders, most of which are native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with one species native to the northwestern Atlantic Ocean (Pseudopleuronectes)


oewn-winter_flounder-n oewn-blackback_flounder-n oewn-lemon_sole-n oewn-Pseudopleuronectes_americanus-n

important American food fish in the winter


a genus of Pleuronectidae containing the righteye flounders native to the North Pacific and Northeast Atlantic Oceans (Microstomus)


a genus of Pleuronectidae containing the righteye flounders native to the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans (Hippoglossoides)


marine food fish of the northern Atlantic or northern Pacific; the largest flatfish and one of the largest teleost fishes


a righteye flounder found in the Pacific


a family of fish of the order Heterosomata


flatfishes with both eyes on the left side of the head


a genus of Bothidae, containing the large-tooth flounders (Paralichthys)


flounder of eastern coast of North America


a genus of Bothidae, containing the large-tooth flounders native to the coastal waters of the Americas (Etropus)


flounder found from North Carolina to Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico


a genus of Bothidae, containing some of the large-tooth flounders, sanddabs, whiffs, and flounders (Citharichthys)


a lefteye flounder found in coastal waters from New England to Brazil


a whiff found in waters from the Bahamas and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil


small food fishes of the Pacific coast of North America


a genus of Bothidae, containing some of the turbots (Scophthalmus)


very thin translucent flounder of the Atlantic coast of North America


left-eyed marine flatfish whose tail tapers to a point; of little commercial value


right-eyed flatfish; many are valued as food; most common in warm seas especially European


a genus of Soleidae, containing the English sole (Parophrys)


popular pale brown food flatfish of the Pacific coast of North America


a genus of Soleidae, containing the Pacific sand sole (Psettichthys)


a common flatfish of the Pacific coast of North America


a genus of Soleidae, containing the hogchoker (Trinectes)


useless as food; in coastal streams from Maine to Texas and Panama


skin that is very thick (as an elephant or rhinoceros)


part of an insect's body that bears the wings and legs


the anterior part of an insect's thorax; bears the first pair of legs


one of a series of similar body segments into which some animals are divided longitudinally


a jackal native to Europe and Asia with a golden coat


oewn-jackal-n oewn-Canis_anthus-n oewn-African_golden_wolf-n oewn-Egyptian_jackal-n oewn-grey_jackal-n

a canid living in the deserts of Northern Africa related to the goldn jackal and the grey wolf


a jackal native to Africa with a black back


a jackal native to Southern Africa with a stripe down its side


branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds


An animal whose characteristics match a part of a person's behavior


organisms (plants and animals) that live specifically at or near the bottom of a sea.


Microscopic flora and fauna found on the surface of and/or attached to sand grains.


organisms that are attached to submerged wood surfaces in aquatic ecosystems.

Some studies, however, suggest that wood and wood biofilms (epixylon) may be an important but overlooked resource.


Small game includes small animals, such as rabbits, pheasants, geese or ducks.


benthos consisting of organisms in pre-adult stages that later become adult in the plankton.

More recent studies highlighted the role of merobenthos as cysts of planktonic organisms that spend part of their life quiescent in the sediments.


cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae that live on or in association with fine-grained substrata.


microscopic benthic organisms that are less than 0.1 mm in size.


One of a set of three paired appendages on the thorax of a decapod crustacean, located just posterior to the maxillae and used in feeding.

An appendage which is modified to assist in feeding is known as a maxilliped or gnathopod.


One of the external filaments or leaflike plates connected with the tracheae of the inside of the body that form part of the respiratory system of some aquatic insect larvae and nymphs but rarely persist in the adult.


small domesticated animals (chickens, geese, rabbits, hogs, ducks, pigeons, etc.) kept for use or profit.


(botany) the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants


microscopic plants; bacteria are often considered to be microflora


a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant


a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells; maintains the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier


a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale


a plant or animal that is native to a certain limited area


an organism that produces its own food by photosynthesis


a wild uncultivated plant (especially a wild apple or crabapple tree)


a plant that tends to climb and on occasion can grow like a vine


used only in former classifications: comprising what is now considered a heterogeneous assemblage of flowerless and seedless organisms: algae, bacteria, fungi, lichens


any of a group of cryptogamic organisms consisting principally of a thallus and thus showing no differentiation into stem and root and leaf


any of various plant parts that resemble buttons


a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes


thin crusty lichen thallus; adheres closely to or is embedded in the surface on which it grows


a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella or a cone that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom


the hood or cap covering the calyx of certain plants: e.g., the California poppy


cuplike structure around the base of the stalk of certain fungi


mature fruiting body of an ascomycetous fungus


small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi


the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells


outer layer of the spore-bearing organ in many fungi


an ascocarp having the spore-bearing layer of cells (the hymenium) on a broad disklike receptacle


a cuplike ascocarp in many lichens and ascomycetous fungi


closed spore-bearing structure of some fungi (especially Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) from which spores are released only by decay or disintegration


a part of a plant (e.g., a leaf) that has been modified to provide protection for insects or mites or fungi


an organ or body resembling a stalk; especially the outgrowth of the thallus of certain lichens on which the ascocarp is borne


in former classifications: comprising plants with a vascular system including ferns and fern allies as well as seed plants


any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value


a plant suitable for growing in a flowerpot (especially indoors)


any flowerless plant such as a fern (pteridophyte) or moss (bryophyte) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem


a plant that reproduces or is reproduced by apomixis


a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida)


any of numerous plants of the division Bryophyta


hornworts: in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida


hornworts; liverworts having a thalloid gametophyte; in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida


the family of hornworts (Anthocerotaceae)


liverworts with slender hornlike capsules


oewn-Bryopsida-n oewn-class_Bryopsida-n oewn-Musci-n oewn-class_Musci-n

true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales, Bryales, Dicranales, Eubryales, Sphagnales


a moss in which the main axis is terminated by the archegonium (and hence the capsule)


a moss having the archegonium or antheridium on a short side branch rather than the main stalk


brown or blackish Alpine mosses having a dehiscent capsule with 4 longitudinal slits


category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space


widely distributed order of mosses with erect gametophores and sporophytes at the tips of stems


mosses having costate leaves and long-stalked capsules with cleft peristome


mosses with perennial erect gametophores and stems with rows of leaves and drooping capsules


type genus of the Bryaceae: mosses distinguished by mostly erect and tufted gametophytes and symmetrical short-necked capsules


family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae


mosses similar to those of genus Bryum but larger


coextensive with the genus Sphagnum; in some classifications isolated in a separate subclass


a large genus constituting the order Sphagnales: atypical mosses of temperate bogs with leaves that can hold much water


oewn-sphagnum-n oewn-sphagnum_moss-n oewn-peat_moss-n oewn-bog_moss-n

any of various pale or ashy mosses of the genus Sphagnum whose decomposed remains form peat


oewn-Hepaticopsida-n oewn-class_Hepaticopsida-n oewn-Hepaticae-n oewn-class_Hepaticae-n

liverworts: comprises orders Anthocerotales, Jungermanniales, Marchantiales, Sphaerocarpales


any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses


large order of chiefly tropical liverworts


moss-like liverwort with tiny scalelike leaves; usually epiphytic


comprising the leafy members of the order Jungermanniales


liverworts with gametophyte differentiated internally


liverworts with prostrate and usually dichotomously branched thalli


type genus of Marchantiaceae; liverworts that reproduce asexually by gemmae and have stalked antheridiophores


small order sometimes included in the order Jungermanniales


liverworts with bilaterally symmetrical gametophytes; sometimes placed in the order Jungermanniales