an area of low mountains in northwestern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma


an area of the ozone layer (near the poles) that is seasonally depleted of ozone


a layer in the stratosphere (at approximately 20 miles) that contains a concentration of ozone sufficient to block most ultraviolet radiation from the sun


a large asteroid; the second asteroid to be discovered


a meteorite composed principally of olivine and metallic iron


a mountain range in central Asia that is centered in Tajikistan but extends into Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan and Pakistan and western China


(plate tectonics) a hypothetical continent including all the landmass of the earth prior to the Triassic period when it split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland


an estuary in northern Brazil into which the Tocantins River flows


a South American river; tributary of Rio de la Plata


a thin fragment or slice (especially of wood) that has been shaved from something


a river in northeastern Brazil that flows generally northward to the Atlantic Ocean


(Greek mythology) a mountain in central Greece where (according to Greek mythology) the Muses lived; known as the mythological home of music and poetry

Liakoura is the modern name of Mount Parnassus


they analyzed the river into three parts


a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions


the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks

we got through the pass before it started to snow


a line or route along which something travels or moves

the hurricane demolished houses in its path


a major waterfall in northeastern Brazil


a small constellation near the South Pole between Tucana and Ara


a river in Mississippi that flows southward to the Gulf of Mexico


a tributary of the Rio Grande that flows southeastward from New Mexico through western Texas


a river that flows through central North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina to the Atlantic Ocean


a constellation in the Northern Hemisphere near Andromeda and Pisces


a more or less level land surface representing an advanced stage of erosion undisturbed by crustal movements


a large mass of land projecting into a body of water


a river in central Maine flowing into Penobscot Bay


an inlet of the Atlantic in eastern Maine


a small uninhabited Mediterranean islet claimed by both Morocco and Spain


a conspicuous constellation in the Northern Hemisphere; between Auriga and Cassiopeia and crossed by the Milky Way


a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula; the Persian Gulf oil fields are among the most productive in the world


a rock created by petrifaction; an organic object infiltrated with mineral matter and preserved in its original form


the larger of the two satellites of Mars


a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Tucana and Sculptor


an electron that is emitted from an atom or molecule by an incident photon


a quantum of electromagnetic radiation; an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle


the intensely luminous surface of a star (especially the sun)


a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Dorado and Columba


a gentle slope leading from the base of a mountain to a region of flat land


a type of glaciation characteristic of Alaska; large valley glaciers meet to form an almost stagnant sheet of ice


a mountain peak in the Rockies in central Colorado (14,109 feet high)


the two promontories at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar; according to legend they were formed by Hercules


an area planted with pine trees or related conifers


a river in western Thailand; a major tributary of the Chao Phraya


a meson involved in holding the nucleus together; produced as the result of high-energy particle collision


a large faint zodiacal constellation; between Aquarius and Aries


a mountain in the Andes in Argentina (22,241 feet high)


an alluvial deposit that contains particles of some valuable mineral


they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain


(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in order of their proximity to the sun; viewed from the constellation Hercules, all the planets rotate around the sun in a counterclockwise direction


any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star


a nebula that was once thought to be a star with its planets but is now thought to be a very hot star surrounded by an expanding envelope of ionized gases that emit a fluorescent glow because of intense radiation from the star


one of many small solid celestial bodies thought to have existed at an early stage in the development of the solar system


a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication


a rigid layer of the Earth's crust that is believed to drift slowly


a river in Nebraska that flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River


a star cluster in the constellation Taurus


a large asteroid that was once thought to be the farthest known planet from the sun; it has an elliptical orbit

Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930


a European river; flows into the Adriatic Sea


a mountain peak in the Tien Shan mountains in northern India (24,406 feet high)


a promontory extending out into a large body of water


a glacier near the Arctic or Antarctic poles


oewn-Polaris-n oewn-North_Star-n oewn-pole_star-n oewn-polar_star-n oewn-polestar-n

the brightest star in Ursa Minor; at the end of the handle of the Little Dipper; the northern axis of the earth points toward it


low-lying land that has been reclaimed and is protected by dikes (especially in the Netherlands)


the brightest star in Gemini; close to Castor


a stretch of open water surrounded by ice (especially in Arctic seas)


a small body of standing water (rainwater) or other liquid

there were puddles of muddy water in the road after the rain


an elementary particle with positive charge; interaction of a positron and an electron results in annihilation


a pit or hole produced by wear or weathering (especially in a road surface)


a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay


a lake in central China that is connected to the Chang Jiang by a canal


(astronomy) a celestial body (especially a star) relative to other objects in orbit around it


(microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system


(microbiology) a hypothetical infectious particle thought to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; consists of nucleic acid in a protective coat of host cell proteins


oewn-promontory-n oewn-headland-n oewn-head-n oewn-foreland-n

a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)


any large molecule containing chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds


a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron


the nearest star to the sun; distance: 4.3 light years


a bay on the northern coast of Alaska where oil was discovered in 1968


something that has been pruned off of a plant


an inlet of the North Pacific in northwestern Washington State


a degenerate neutron star; small and extremely dense; rotates very fast and emits regular pulses of polarized radiation


a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere between Vela and Canis Major that shaped like the stern of a boat


a 2960 km long Brazilian river; tributary of the Amazon River


a chain of mountains between France and Spain


a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Puppis and Antlia


(physics) hypothetical truly fundamental particle in mesons and baryons; there are supposed to be six flavors of quarks (and their antiquarks), which come in pairs; each has an electric charge of +2/3 or -1/3

quarks have not been observed directly but theoretical predictions based on their existence have been confirmed experimentally


a starlike object that may send out radio waves and other forms of energy; many have large red shifts


an inlet of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of British Columbia


an agent that gives or restores life or vigor


a pit filled with loose wet sand into which objects are sucked down


a hole in the ground as a nest made by wild rabbits


an arc of colored light in the sky caused by refraction of the sun's rays by rain


a mountain peak in the Karakoram Range in northern Kashmir (25,560 feet high)


oewn-range-n oewn-mountain_range-n oewn-range_of_mountains-n oewn-chain-n oewn-mountain_chain-n oewn-chain_of_mountains-n

the valley was between two ranges of hills


oewn-Rainier-n oewn-Mount_Rainier-n oewn-Mt._Rainier-n oewn-Mount_Tacoma-n

a mountain peak in central Washington; highest peak in the Cascade Range; (14,410 feet high)


a part of a river where the current is very fast


a river that flows across eastern Virginia into the Tidewater region


a hole (as in the wall of a building) made by rats


a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)


a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows eastward from Texas along the southern boundary of Oklahoma and through Louisiana


a small, old, relatively cool star; approximately 100 times the mass of Jupiter


a large, old, luminous star; has a relatively low surface temperature and a diameter large relative to the sun


a long arm of the Indian Ocean between northeast Africa and Arabia; linked to the Mediterranean at the north end by the Suez Canal


a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water


geological feature that is a remnant of a pre-existing formation after other parts have disappeared


any object that is left unused or still extant


a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas


anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies

an infectious agent depends on a reservoir for its survival


the fragment of DNA that is produced by cleaving DNA with a restriction enzyme


any agent that retards or delays or hinders


a small constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Dorado and Hydrus


a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea


a mountain range in the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe; extends along the border between Greece and Bulgaria


a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles

the valley of the Rhone is famous for its vineyards


a long narrow natural elevation or striation


a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean


the sun shone through a rift in the clouds


a valley with steep sides; formed by a rift in the earth's crust


a small channel (as one formed by soil erosion)


an estuary between Argentina and Uruguay


a North American river; boundary between the United States and Mexico; flows into Gulf of Mexico


oewn-rip-n oewn-rent-n oewn-snag-n oewn-split-n oewn-tear-n-2

an opening made forcibly as by pulling apart


woodlands along the banks of stream or river


one of a series of small ridges produced in sand by water currents or by wind


a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)


a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a river


a boulder that has been carried by a river to a place remote from its place of origin


oewn-rivulet-n oewn-rill-n oewn-run-n oewn-runnel-n oewn-streamlet-n


a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter


the chief mountain range of western North America; extends from British Columbia to northern New Mexico; forms the continental divide


the inner top surface of a covered area or hollow space


the course along which communications spread

the story is going the rounds in Washington


an arm of the southern Pacific Ocean in Antarctica


a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally)

a mackerel sky filled with rows of clouds


a mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota; the likenesses of Washington and Jefferson and Lincoln and Roosevelt are carved on it


an inclusion body found in plasma cells in cases of cancer


a river that rises in central Germany and flows north to join the Elbe River


a river in eastern Texas that flows south into the Gulf of Mexico


mountain range in New Mexico to the east of the Rio Grande


a river in northern California rising near Mount Shasta and flowing south to the San Francisco Bay


a pass or ridge that slopes gently between two peaks (is shaped like a saddle)


a small constellation in the Northern Hemisphere between Cygnus and Aquila and crossed by the Milky Way


a large zodiacal constellation in the Southern Hemisphere; between Scorpius and Capricornus


oewn-Saint_Francis-n oewn-Saint_Francis_River-n oewn-St._Francis-n oewn-St._Francis_River-n

a tributary of the Mississippi River that rises in Missouri and flows southeastward through Arkansas


oewn-Saint_John-n oewn-Saint_John_River-n oewn-St._John-n oewn-St._John_River-n

a river that rises in Maine and flows northeastward through New Brunswick to empty into the Bay of Fundy


oewn-Saint_Johns-n oewn-Saint_Johns_River-n oewn-St._Johns-n oewn-St._Johns_River-n

a river in northeastern Florida that flows northward to Jacksonville and then eastward to empty into the Atlantic Ocean


oewn-Saint_Lawrence-n oewn-Saint_Lawrence_River-n oewn-St._Lawrence-n oewn-St._Lawrence_River-n

a North American river; flows into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the North Atlantic


a mountain peak in the Andes in Bolivia (21,391 feet high)


a flat expanse of salt left by the evaporation of a body of salt water


a salt deposit that animals regularly lick


low-lying wet land that is frequently flooded with saltwater


a saltwater lake in southeastern California


a shallow basin in a desert region; contains salt and gypsum that was deposited by an evaporated salt lake


a river in western Europe that rises in northern France and flows generally east into Belgium where it joins the Meuse at Namur


all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class


a major geological fault in California; runs from San Diego to San Francisco; the source of serious earthquakes


a submerged bank of sand near a shore or in a river; can be exposed at low tide


a bay of the Pacific in southern California


a large pit in sandy ground from which sand is dug


a fertile valley in southern California to the north of Los Angeles; includes many residential communities


a bay of the Pacific in western California


a low area where waste is buried between layers of earth


a river in central California that rises in the Sierra Nevada and flows northwest to form a large delta with the Sacramento River


a vast valley in central California known for its rich farmland


a hill in eastern Cuba (near Santiago de Cuba) that was captured during the Spanish-American War

Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders became famous for their charge up San Juan Hill


a mountain range in southwestern Colorado that is part of the Rocky Mountains


a river in eastern Brazil flowing into the Atlantic Ocean


a river in eastern France; rises in Lorraine and flows south to become the chief tributary of the Rhone


a vast area of the North Atlantic from the West Indies to the Azores that is dense with gulfweed


a gulf of the Aegean on the southeastern coast of Greece


any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star


any agent capable of producing satisfaction


a giant planet that is surrounded by three planar concentric rings of ice particles; the 6th planet from the sun


a river in South Carolina that flows southeast to the Atlantic


a pit over which lumber is positioned to be sawed by two men with a long two-handed saw


a range of mountains in southern Siberia to the west of Lake Baikal; contain important mineral deposits


(geology) flat elevated land with poor soil and little vegetation that is scarred by dry channels of glacial origin (especially in eastern Washington)


a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin


a river that rises in France and flows northeast across Belgium and empties into the North Sea


a large zodiacal constellation between Libra and Sagittarius


(usually plural) a fragment scraped off of something and collected

they collected blood scrapings for analysis


a faint constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Phoenix and Cetus


(botany) a covering that resembles scales or bran that covers some plant parts


a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land


an underwater mountain rising above the ocean floor


a bay of the Black Sea between Russia and the Ukraine


an arm of the Pacific bordered by Japan, Korea, North Korea, and Russia


an arm of the Pacific to the east of Asia


oewn-seashore-n oewn-coast-n oewn-seacoast-n oewn-sea-coast-n


the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort


a very thin slice (of tissue or mineral or other substance) for examination under a microscope

sections from the left ventricle showed diseased tissue


matter that has been deposited by some natural process


a planetoid of rock and ice about three-quarters the size of Pluto discovered in 2003; the most distant object known to orbit around the sun


one of the parts into which something naturally divides


a long and tall sand dune with a sharp crest; common in the Sahara


a French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel


a range of the Rocky Mountains in southeastern British Columbia


a glacial lake in central New York; the largest of the Finger Lakes


a constellation in the equatorial region of the Northern Hemisphere near Ophiuchus and Corona Borealis


a great waterfall on the border between Brazil and Paraguay


an informal expression for all of the oceans of the world


a river in England and Wales flowing into the Bristol Channel; the longest river in Great Britain


a river in Ontario that flows northeast into Hudson Bay


a Turkish river flowing south southwest into the Mediterranean


oewn-Shari-n oewn-Shari_River-n oewn-Chari-n oewn-Chari_River-n

an African river that flows northwest into Lake Chad


a volcanic mountain peak in the Cascade Range in northern California (14,162 feet high)


a river of northern Virginia that empties into the Potomac at Harpers Ferry


a peak in the Rocky Mountains in central Colorado (14,036 feet high)


ice that is attached to land but projects out to sea


a rigid covering that envelops an object

the satellite is covered with a smooth shell of ice


a large valley between the Allegheny Mountains and the Blue Ridge Mountains in northern Virginia; site of numerous battles during the American Civil War


an ancient forest in central England; formerly a royal hunting ground; said to be the home of Robin Hood and his merry band


something that shines (with emitted or reflected light)


a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide


the land along the edge of a body of water


a boulder found on a shore remote from its place of origin


a meteorite consisting principally of nickel and iron


a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)


a mountain range in northwestern Mexico that runs south from Arizona parallel to the Pacific coastline


a mountain range in northeastern Mexico the runs parallel to the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico


a mountain range in eastern California; contains Mount Whitney


a mountain range in southern Spain along the Mediterranean coast to the east of Granada


(geology) a flat (usually horizontal) mass of igneous rock between two layers of older sedimentary rock


the forest trees growing in a country or region


a mountain peak in the southern Sinai Peninsula (7,500 feet high); it is believed to be the peak on which Moses received the Ten Commandments


a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof


oewn-Sirius-n oewn-Dog_Star-n oewn-Canicula-n oewn-Sothis-n

the brightest star in the sky; in Canis Major


a cape on the northernmost tip of Jutland between the Skagerrak and the Kattegatt


a broad strait of the North Sea between Jutland and Norway


a thin layer covering the surface of a liquid

there was a thin skim of oil on the water


the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth


a stretch of water without current or movement

suddenly they were in a slack and the water was motionless


an open tract of land in a forest that is strewn with debris from logging (or fire or wind)


a thin flat piece cut off of some object


the trail of an animal (especially a deer)

he followed the deer's slot over the soft turf to the edge of the trees


any outer covering that can be shed or cast off (such as the cast-off skin of a snake)


a stagnant swamp (especially as part of a bayou)


the smaller of the two Magellanic Clouds visible from the Southern Hemisphere


a tributary of the Columbia River that rises in Wyoming and flows westward; discovered in 1805 by the Lewis and Clark Expedition


a covering of snow (as on a mountain peak)


the froth produced by soaps or detergents


the sun with the celestial bodies that revolve around it in its gravitational field


a strait of the English Channel between the coast of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight


a large firth on the west coast of Britain between England and Scotland


the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast


a continent in the western hemisphere connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama


that part of the Atlantic Ocean to the south of the equator


a tropical arm of the Pacific Ocean near southeastern Asia subject to frequent typhoons


a small conspicuous constellation in the Southern Hemisphere in the Milky Way near Centaurus


that part of the Pacific Ocean to the south of the equator


any sea to the south of the equator (but especially the South Pacific)


any islands in the southern or southwestern of central parts of the Pacific Ocean


a fragment broken off from the edge or face of stone or ore and having at least one thin edge


a small fragment of a burning substance thrown out by burning material or by friction


a narrow strip of land that juts out into the sea


a small thin sharp bit of wood or glass or metal


he inserted the wedge into a split in the log


the trail left by a person or an animal; what the hunter follows in pursuing game


oewn-spring-n oewn-fountain-n oewn-outflow-n oewn-outpouring-n oewn-natural_spring-n


a cylinder of calcium carbonate hanging from the roof of a limestone cave


a cylinder of calcium carbonate projecting upward from the floor of a limestone cave


(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior


any celestial body visible (as a point of light) from the Earth at night


a range of mountains between Alaska and the Yukon territory


extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia)


a stone in a marsh or shallow water that can be stepped on in crossing


the course along which a person has walked or is walking in


one of the stars in the star cluster Pleiades


a heavy dark cloud presaging rain or a storm


an open chain of atoms with no side chains


a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water


the strait separating Vancouver Island from the Canadian mainland


a strategically important strait linking the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman


the strait separating South America from Tierra del Fuego and other islands to the south of the continent; discovered by Ferdinand Magellan in 1520; an important route around South America before the Panama Canal was built


the strait separating Sicily from the tip of Italy


the strait between the English Channel and the North Sea; shortest distance between England and the European continent


the strait between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra; it connects the Pacific Ocean to the east with the Indian Ocean to the west and is an important shipping lane


a poetic term for a shore (as the area periodically covered and uncovered by the tides)


an elementary particle with non-zero strangeness


a quark with an electric charge of -1/3 and a mass 988 times that of an electron and a strangeness of -1


the atmospheric layer between the troposphere and the mesosphere


a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth


a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a stream


any agent that causes stress to an organism


a large and unbroken expanse or distance


a geological fault in which one of the adjacent surfaces appears to have moved horizontally


(cosmology) a hypothetical one-dimensional subatomic particle having a concentration of energy and the dynamic properties of a flexible loop


a relatively long narrow piece of something


a short piece remaining on a trunk or stem where a branch is lost


(Greek mythology) a river in Hades across which Charon carried dead souls


a large and distinctive landmass (as India or Greenland) that is a distinct part of some continent


the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

the sun contains 99.85% of the mass in the solar system


any star around which a planetary system revolves


a river in western Montana that flows south and east to join the Missouri River


an extremely bright star of very large diameter and low density


any of the planets whose orbit lies outside the earth's orbit


the clear liquid that lies above a sediment or precipitate


a star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process


a hypothetical particle that is the elementary particle in a theory of space-time


earthquakes originate far below the surface


a river in Suriname that flows northward to the Atlantic


a river in the northeastern United States that rises in New York and flows southward through Pennsylvania and Maryland into Chesapeake Bay


a low area (especially a marshy area between ridges)


low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog


a path or strip (as cut by one course of mowing)


a rounded elevation (especially one on an ocean floor)


a small body of water (usually in a creek) that is deep enough to use for swimming


a range of the Appalachian Mountains along the eastern border of New York with Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont


a European river; flows into the North Atlantic


a waterfall in southeastern British Columbia; the highest waterfall in Canada (1250 feet high)


river that rises in northwestern Georgia and flows southwest through central Alabama to join the Coosa River near Montgomery and form the Alabama River


a sloping mass of loose rocks at the base of a cliff


an arm of the Gulf of Mexico in west central Florida


a twisted and tangled mass that is highly interwoven

they carved their way through the tangle of vines


a mountain lake (especially one formed by glaciers)


a natural accumulation of bitumens at the surface of the earth; often acts as a trap for animals whose bones are thus preserved


an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums


an arm of the southern Pacific Ocean between southeastern Australia and New Zealand


a zodiacal constellation in the Northern Hemisphere near Orion; between Aries and Gemini


a small constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Ara


a river formed by the confluence of two other rivers near Knoxville; it follows a U-shaped course to become a tributary of the Ohio River in western Kentucky


any agent that interferes with normal embryonic development: alcohol or thalidomide or X-rays or rubella are examples


a level shelf of land interrupting a declivity (with steep slopes above and below)


a planet having a compact rocky surface like the Earth's; the four innermost planets in the solar system


the waters surrounding a nation and its territories over which that nation exercises sovereign jurisdiction


a mountain range in northwest Wyoming; contains the Grand Teton


the longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea


an electrically charged particle (electron or ion) emitted by a substance at a high temperature


the atmospheric layer between the mesosphere and the exosphere


a geological fault in which the upper side appears to have been pushed upward by compression


a rounded projecting mass of a cumulus cloud with shining edges; often appears before a thunderstorm


a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea


a basin that is full of water at high tide


oewn-tidal_river-n oewn-tidewater_river-n oewn-tidal_stream-n oewn-tidewater_stream-n

a stream in which the effects of the tide extend far upstream


land near the sea that is overflowed by the tide


low-lying coastal land drained by tidal streams


a major mountain range of central Asia; extends 1,500 miles


an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River


an arm of the eastern Indian Ocean between Timor and northern Australia


a mountain in the Hindu Kush in Pakistan (25,230 feet high)


the largest of the satellites of Saturn; has a hazy nitrogen atmosphere


a river in eastern Brazil that flows generally north to the Para River


a river that rises in northeastern Mississippi and flows southward through western Alabama to join the Alabama River and form the Mobile River


a hypothetical quark with a charge of +2/3 and a mass more than 100,000 times that of an electron


a prominent rock or pile of rocks on a hill


a strait between northeastern Australia and southern New Guinea that connects the Coral Sea with the Arafura Sea


a track or mark left by something that has passed


a vector for delivering genes into cells


any mechanism whereby an infectious agent is spread from a reservoir to a human being


a range of the southern Carpathian Mountains extending across central Romania


a multiple star in the constellation of Orion


a forest (or part of a forest) where trees are grown for commercial use


a long steep-sided depression in the ocean floor


a river in central England that flows generally northeastward to join with the Ouse River and form the Humber


a small northern constellation near Perseus between Andromeda and Aries


a small bright constellation in the polar region of the Southern Hemisphere near Circinus and Apus


a river in eastern Texas that is formed near Dallas and flows generally southeastward to Galveston Bay


a long narrow inlet of the Norwegian Sea


the region of discontinuity between the troposphere and the stratosphere


the lowest atmospheric layer; from 4 to 11 miles high (depending on latitude)


a narrow depression (as in the earth or between ocean waves or in the ocean bed)


a large faint constellation in the Southern Hemisphere containing most of the Small Magellanic Cloud


a major waterfall in southern Africa; has more than one leap


a vast treeless plain in the Arctic regions where the subsoil is permanently frozen


a river that arises to the north of Lake Baikal and flows north and west to the Yenisei River


a river in Siberia that flows northwest to become a tributary of the Yenisei River


a mountain in the Andes on the border between Argentina and Chile (22,310 feet high)


oewn-turf-n oewn-sod-n oewn-sward-n oewn-greensward-n

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots


a shaving created when something is produced by turning it on a lathe


the lowest level of the ocean to which light can reach


a waterfall in the Snake River in southern Idaho


an object that emits or reflects light in an intermittent flickering manner


a river in northern England that flows east to the North Sea


an arm of the Mediterranean between Italy and the islands of Corsica and Sardinia and Sicily


a mountain in the Kunlun range in China (25,340 feet high)


the highest peak in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado (14,309 feet high)


a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else


the smallest group of atoms or molecules whose repetition at regular intervals in three dimensions produces the lattices of a crystal


territorial waters included within a distance of 12 nautical miles of the coasts of the United States and its territories

ships operating in United States waters must adhere to United States laws and regulations


oewn-universe-n oewn-existence-n oewn-creation-n oewn-world-n oewn-cosmos-n oewn-macrocosm-n

they study the evolution of the universe


the peninsula between Lake Superior and Lake Michigan that forms the northwestern part of Michigan


a stable quark with an electric charge of +2/3 and a mass 607 times that of an electron


a mountain range in western Russia extending from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia


a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 7th planet from the sun has a blue-green color and many satellites

Uranus was discovered by William Herschel in 1781


a waterfall in the Parana river in Brazil


a South American river that arises in southern Brazil and flows south to the Rio de la Plata; the northern section forms the boundary between Argentina and Brazil and the southern section forms the boundary between Argentina and Uruguay


anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place


an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules


a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river


something that is likely to vary; something that is subject to variation

the weather is one variable to be considered


a star that varies noticeably in brightness


any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease

mosquitos are vectors of malaria and yellow fever


indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vector bites or touches a person


the brightest star in the constellation Lyra


indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vehicle (or fomite) touches a person's body or is ingested


a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere between Carina and Pyxis

because of its configuration Vela is sometimes called `the Sails'


a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt


the second nearest planet to the sun; it is peculiar in that its rotation is slow and retrograde (in the opposite sense of the Earth and all other planets except Uranus); it is visible from Earth as an early `morning star' or an `evening star'

before it was known that they were the same object the evening star was called Venus and the morning star was called Lucifer


the brightest asteroid but the fourth to be discovered


something that covers or cloaks like a garment


a river in central Russia; flows generally southward into the Volga


a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally


a transducing vector that uses a retrovirus


a large zodiacal constellation on the equator; between Leo and Libra


the longest and largest river in Poland; flows into the Baltic Sea


a small constellation in the polar region of the Southern Hemisphere near Dorado and Carina


a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano


a Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea


a river in northwestern Russia flowing generally north into Lake Ladoga


a river in Ghana that flows south to the Bight of Benin


a constellation in the Northern Hemisphere near Cygnus and Sagitta


a tributary of the Ohio River that rises in western Ohio and flows southwestward across Indiana


gully or streambed in northern Africa and the Middle East that remains dry except during rainy season


anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect


a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)


a rock immediately adjacent to a vein or fault


a series of connected underground tunnels occupied by rabbits


the dry bed of an intermittent stream (as at the bottom of a canyon)


oewn-wasp-ap-s_nest-n oewn-wasps-ap-_nest-n oewn-hornet-ap-s_nest-n oewn-hornets-ap-_nest-n


natural or artificial channel through which water flows


a pass in a mountain ridge through which a stream flows


a natural hole or hollow containing water


underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water


that which weakens or causes a loss of strength


a hypothetical subatomic particle of large mass that interacts weakly with ordinary matter through gravitation; postulated as a constituent of the dark matter of the universe


an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interweaving

the trees cast a delicate web of shadows over the lawn


something forming a web (as between the toes of birds)


an arm of the south Atlantic in Antarctica to the east of the Antarctic Peninsula


a mountain in the Alps in Switzerland (14,804 feet high)


a river in northwestern Germany that flows northward to the North Sea near Bremerhaven


a low area where the land is saturated with water


a mountain peak in northeastern New Mexico in the Rocky Mountains


any of various hard colored rocks (especially rocks consisting of chert or basalt)


a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri


a headstream of the Nile; joins the Blue Nile at Khartoum to form the Nile


a large inlet of the Barents Sea in the northwestern part of European Russia


the highest peak in the Sierra Nevada range in California (14,494 feet high)


an isle and county of southern England in the English Channel


a wooded region in northeastern Virginia near Spotsylvania where bloody but inconclusive battles were fought in the American Civil War


a river in western Oregon that flows north into the Columbia River near Portland


a peak in the San Juan mountains of Colorado (14,246 feet high)


a pass in a mountain ridge with no stream flowing through it


an opening that resembles a window in appearance or function

he could see them through a window in the trees


a channel between eastern Cuba and western Haiti that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea


a tributary of the Mississippi River in Wisconsin


a place or scene of great or strange beauty or wonder


a part of the earth that can be considered separately


(geology) a piece of rock of different origin from the igneous rock in which it is embedded


river in eastern Asia; rises in North Korea and flows southwest to Korea Bay (forming part of the border between North Korea and China)


oewn-Chang_Jiang-n oewn-Changjiang-n oewn-Chang-n oewn-Yangtze-n oewn-Yangtze_River-n oewn-Yangtze_Kiang-n

the longest river of Asia; flows eastward from Tibet into the East China Sea near Shanghai


a river that rises in west central Mississippi and flows southwest to empty into the Mississippi River above Vicksburg


part of the Pacific off the east coast of Asia


a tributary of the Missouri River that flows through the Yellowstone National Park


oewn-Yenisei-n oewn-Yenisei_River-n oewn-Yenisey-n oewn-Yenisey_River-n

a Russian river in Siberia; rises in mountains near the Mongolian border and flows generally northward into the Kara Sea


a mountain peak in the Andes in Peru (21,709 feet high)


a series of waterfalls in Yosemite National Park in California; is reduced to a trickle for part of each year


a North American river that flows westward from the Yukon Territory through central Alaska to the Bering Sea


the fourth-longest river in Africa; flows into the Indian Ocean


oewn-Zhu_Jiang-n oewn-Canton_River-n oewn-Chu_Kiang-n oewn-Pearl_River-n

a river in southeast China that flows into the South China Sea


a former inlet of the North Sea in the northern coast of the Netherlands; sealed off from the sea in 1932 by a dam that created the IJsselmeer


a machine that operates on its own without the need for human control


A hole that can be used for sexual intercourse


A planet which exists outside Earth's solar system


a moraine created by debris accumulated on top of glacial ice.

The debris can accumulate due to ice flow toward the surface in the ablation zone, melting of surface ice or from debris that falls onto the glacier from valley sidewalls, forming superglacial moraines.


a layer of rock particles overlying ice in the ablation of a glacier.


the first mechanical rope brake consisting of a small metal plate with a slot that allows a bight of rope to pass through to a locking carabiner and back out.

Sticht plates have become less popular since more modern designs provide smoother control over the rope and are less prone to jamming, especially when doubling as a descender.


a metal plate with an elongated slot for the bight to go through and then a carabiner is attached so that when pull from the climber occurs the carabiner will be pulled to lock off the device.


a tubular or rectangular belay device, used for arresting the fall of a climber, and for rappelling.

A tubular device creates more surface area to dissipate heat and has the ability to create sharper angles than the Sticht plate.


a body that emits radiation in constant proportion to the corresponding black-body radiation.

A source with lower emissivity independent of frequency often is referred to as a gray body.


a hypothetical heredity-controlling particle of protoplasm.


In 1962, Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger showed that more than one type of neutrino exists by first detecting interactions of the muon neutrino (already hypothesised with the name neutretto), which earned them the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics.


the neutrino associated with the tau lepton.

When the third type of lepton, the tau, was discovered in 1975 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, it too was expected to have an associated neutrino (the tau neutrino).


that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving)


a general concept formed by extracting common features from specific examples


a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

it was full of rackets, balls and other objects


an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity

how big is that part compared to the whole?


a whole (a thing or person) of the same kind or category as another

lard was also used, though its congener, butter, was more frequently employed


a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently


organisms (plants and animals) that live at or near the bottom of a sea, lake, river or stream


a plant or animal that is atypically small


an organism that depends on complex organic substances for nutrition


an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained


(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals


any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results


oewn-person-n oewn-individual-n oewn-someone-n oewn-somebody-n oewn-mortal-n oewn-soul-n

a human being; person, singular, assertive existential pronoun; pronoun, person, singular; quantifier: assertive existential


oewn-animal-n oewn-animate_being-n oewn-beast-n oewn-brute-n oewn-creature-n oewn-fauna-n

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement


(botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion


an object occurring naturally; not made by man


the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists


a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties

shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man


physicists study both the nature of matter and the forces which govern it


any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue


any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis


a feature of the mental life of a living organism


the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning


the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior


an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity


the way something is with respect to its main attributes


the experiencing of affective and emotional states


a point or extent in space; a point or extent in space


the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance

geometry is the mathematical science of shape


the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past


the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

they tested his ability to locate objects in space


physical space independent of what occupies it


(physics) an ideal space in which the coordinate dimensions represent the variables that are required to describe a system or substance


something that happens at a given place and time


a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states


oewn-act-n oewn-deed-n oewn-human_action-n oewn-human_activity-n

something that people do or cause to happen


any number of entities (members) considered as a unit


an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together


a relation between living organisms (especially between people)


something that is communicated by or to or between people or groups


how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify


any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning


the phenomenon of a person or thing rising into the air by apparently supernatural means


after death the soul begins a new cycle of existence in another human body


any natural phenomenon involving chemistry (as changes to atoms or molecules)


the phenomenon of an element existing in two or more physical forms


chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another


change in the electrical conductivity of a substance as a result of absorbing electromagnetic radiation


the disappearance of electrical resistance at very low temperatures


an exchange produced by the chemical action of radiant energy (especially light)


an emission of photoelectrons (especially from a metallic surface)


oewn-consequence-n oewn-effect-n oewn-outcome-n oewn-result-n oewn-event-n oewn-issue-n oewn-upshot-n

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise


any result that follows its cause after an interval


the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event)


the phenomenon of a popular trend attracting even greater popularity

in periods of high merger activity there is a bandwagon effect with more and more firms seeking to engage in takeover activity


the shattering or crushing effect of a sudden release of energy as in an explosion


the phenomenon whereby a small change at one place in a complex system can have large effects elsewhere, e.g., a butterfly flapping its wings in Rio de Janeiro might change the weather in Chicago


a secondary and sometimes unexpected consequence


the result of alteration or modification

there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs


(politics) the consequence of one popular candidate in an election drawing votes for other members of the same political party

he counted on the coattails effect to win him the election


(physics) an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation; on Earth the Coriolis effect deflects moving bodies to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere


an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening)


the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is not


the consequence of one event setting off a chain of similar events (like a falling domino causing a whole row of upended dominos to fall)


the consequence of an effort or activity


the book had an important impact on my thinking


the effect of one thing (or person) on another


(physics) a secondary influence on a system that causes it to deviate slightly


(astronomy) any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite (especially a perturbation of the earth's moon)


a means of exerting influence or gaining advantage

he could get no purchase on the situation


a tendency or force that influences events


oewn-outgrowth-n oewn-branch-n oewn-offshoot-n oewn-offset-n


a consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances

skill is the product of hours of practice


any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo; the change is usually beneficial and is assumed result from the person's faith in the treatment or preconceptions about what the experimental drug was supposed to do; pharmacologists were the first to talk about placebo effects but now the idea has been generalized to many situations having nothing to do with drugs


(genetics) the effect on the expression of a gene that is produced by changing its location in a chromosome


a remote or indirect consequence of some action

his declaration had unforeseen repercussions


this situation developed in response to events in Africa


a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude

he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance


any adverse and unwanted secondary effect

a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal


a natural phenomenon involving the structure or composition of the earth


a geological phenomenon below the surface of the earth


oewn-luck-n oewn-fortune-n oewn-chance-n oewn-hazard-n

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another


an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome


(biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals


a natural phenomenon involving the physical properties of matter and energy


an optical phenomenon resulting from the failure of a lens or mirror to produce a good image


oewn-abiogenesis-n oewn-autogenesis-n oewn-autogeny-n oewn-spontaneous_generation-n

a hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter


a dark band in the spectrum of white light that has been transmitted through a substance that exhibits absorption at selective wavelengths


an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave


the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that has passed through a medium that absorbed radiation of certain wavelengths


electromagnetic radiation that can produce photochemical reactions


the efficiency with which electromagnetic radiation produces a photochemical reaction plotted as a function of the wavelength of the radiation


the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur

catalysts are said to reduce the energy of activation during the transition phase of a reaction


forces acting on airfoils in motion relative to the air (or other gaseous fluids)


the component of the aerodynamic forces acting on an airfoil that opposes gravity


apparent increase in aerodynamic lift experienced by an aircraft flying close to the ground


a cloud of solid or liquid particles in a gas


the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule

basic dyes have an affinity for wool and silk


a local region of low pressure or descending air that causes a plane to lose height suddenly


oewn-slipstream-n oewn-airstream-n oewn-race-n oewn-backwash-n oewn-wash-n

the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller


a relatively well-defined prevailing wind


a fan-shaped deposit where a fast flowing stream flattens out


the radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay


the normal brainwave in the electroencephalogram of a person who is awake but relaxed; occurs with a frequency of 8-12 hertz


an electric current that reverses direction sinusoidally

In the US most household current is AC at 60 cycles per second


the alternation of two or more different forms in the life cycle of a plant or animal


energy derived from sources that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment


alternation of sexual and asexual generations


the strength of an electrical current measured in amperes


an annual formation of wood in plants as they grow


wind in the upper atmosphere blowing above but in the opposite direction from the trade winds


oewn-apparent_motion-n oewn-motion-n oewn-apparent_movement-n oewn-movement-n

an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object


a physical phenomenon associated with the production or transmission of sound


a physical phenomenon associated with the atmosphere


the energy released by a nuclear reaction


nuclear energy regarded as a source of electricity for the power grid (for civilian use)


(physics) a spectrum of radiation caused by electron transitions within an atom; the series of spectrum lines is characteristic of the element


the force by which one object attracts another


(immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody


the force by which bodies repel one another


the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; visible as a white halo during a solar eclipse


an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force


an unpredictable outcome that is unfortunate

if I didn't have bad luck I wouldn't have any luck at all


oewn-beam-n oewn-beam_of_light-n oewn-light_beam-n oewn-ray-n oewn-ray_of_light-n oewn-shaft-n oewn-shaft_of_light-n oewn-irradiation-n


a group of nearly parallel lines of electromagnetic radiation


a beam of electrons emitted by the cathode of an electrical discharge tube


radiation of beta particles during radioactive decay


the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person who is awake and alert; occurs with a frequency between 12 and 30 hertz


the energy required to separate particles from a molecule or atom or nucleus; equals the mass defect


a dry cold north wind in southeastern France


the electromagnetic radiation that would be radiated from an ideal black body; the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of a black body depends only on temperature and is determined by Planck's radiation law


the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health

adult blood pressure is considered normal at 120/80 where the first number is the systolic pressure and the second is the diastolic pressure


the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart


the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood


the pressure of the circulating blood on the arteries

arterial pressure is the product of cardiac output and vascular resistance


the pressure exerted on the walls of the veins by the circulating blood


the layer of slower flow of a fluid past a surface


(neurophysiology) rapid fluctuations of voltage between parts of the cerebral cortex that are detectable with an electroencephalograph


wind moving at less than 1 knot; 0 on the Beaufort scale


oewn-breeze-n oewn-zephyr-n oewn-gentle_wind-n oewn-air-n


a cooling breeze from the sea (during the daytime)


there wasn't a breath of air in the room


wind moving 1-3 knots; 1 on the Beaufort scale


wind moving 4-7 knots; 2 on the Beaufort scale


wind moving 8-12 knots; 3 on the Beaufort scale


wind moving 13-18 knots; 4 on the Beaufort scale


wind moving 19-24 knots; 5 on the Beaufort scale


wind moving 25-31 knots; 6 on the Beaufort scale


the random motion of small particles suspended in a gas or liquid


discharge between electrodes creating visible streamers of ionized particles


an electrical phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored


The capacity of a dielectric for opposing an electric charge


a phenomenon associated with surface tension and resulting in the elevation or depression of liquids in capillaries


a sudden violent change in the earth's surface


a long period of darkness and extreme cold that scientists predict would follow a full-scale nuclear war; a layer of dust and smoke in the atmosphere would cover the earth and block the rays of the sun; most living organisms would perish


the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics)


the outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body


the inward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body


the formless and disordered state of matter before the creation of the cosmos


the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons


the electric charge at rest on the surface of an insulated body (which establishes and adjacent electrostatic field)


electric field associated with static electric charges


generation of an electric charge on certain crystals (such as tourmaline) as a result of a change in temperature


having a deficiency of electrons; having a higher electric potential


having a surplus of electrons; having a lower electric potential


marks on a glaciated rock caused by the movement of a glacier


the phenomenon of forming chemical bonds


(physics) the intermolecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid


a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule


a side bond that links two adjacent chains of atoms in a complex molecule


a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond


a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion


high-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes


a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms


a covalent bond in which both electrons are provided by one of the atoms


a chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs


the primary linkage of all protein structures; the chemical bond between the carboxyl groups and amino groups that unites a peptide


that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction


a warm dry wind blowing down the eastern slopes of the Rockies


a dusty wind from the Sahara that blows toward the western coast of Africa during the winter


an optical aberration in which the image has colored fringes


movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels


circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs


circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs


circulation of blood between the embryo and the yolk sac


any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible


(physics) a force due to the earth's rotation; acts on a body in motion (airplane or projectile) in a rotating reference frame; in a rotating frame of reference Newton's second law of motion can be made to apply if in addition to the real forces acting on a body a Coriolis force and a centrifugal force are introduced


one or more circles of light seen around a luminous object


oewn-corona_discharge-n oewn-corona-n oewn-corposant-n oewn-St._Elmo-ap-s_fire-n oewn-Saint_Elmo-ap-s_fire-n oewn-Saint_Elmo-ap-s_light-n oewn-Saint_Ulmo-ap-s_fire-n oewn-Saint_Ulmo-ap-s_light-n oewn-electric_glow-n

an electrical discharge accompanied by ionization of surrounding atmosphere


oewn-cosmic_background_radiation-n oewn-CBR-n oewn-cosmic_microwave_background_radiation-n oewn-CMBR-n oewn-cosmic_microwave_background-n oewn-CMB-n

(cosmology) the cooled remnant of the hot big bang that fills the entire universe and can be observed today with an average temperature of about 2.725 kelvin


clouds of particles or gases occurring throughout interstellar space


radiation coming from outside the solar system


highly penetrating ionizing radiation of extraterrestrial origin; consisting chiefly of protons and alpha particles; collision with atmospheric particles results in rays and particles of many kinds


a large cloud of rubble and dust shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion (especially of a nuclear bomb)


a faint spot of light in the night sky that appears directly opposite the position of the sun; a reflection of sunlight by micrometeoric material in space


wind blowing across the path of a ship or aircraft


a warm dry wind that blows down the northern slopes of the Alps


an oppressively hot southerly wind from the Sahara that blows across Egypt in the spring


a strong hot dry wind that blows in winter from the deserts of southern California toward the Pacific Coast


wind blowing opposite to the path of a ship or aircraft


a wind caused by the downward motion of cold air


wind blowing in the same direction as the path of a ship or aircraft


a flow of electricity through a conductor


the circulation of cytoplasm within a cell


the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism


phenomenon that occurs when a metal is being heated and there is a sudden slowing in the rate of temperature increase; slowing is caused by a change in the internal crystal structure of the metal


(biology) release of material by splitting open of an organ or tissue; the natural bursting open at maturity of a fruit or other reproductive body to release seeds or spores or the bursting open of a surgically closed wound


the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person in deep dreamless sleep; occurs with high voltage and low frequency (1 to 4 hertz)


the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating


loss of bits of outer skin by peeling or shedding or coming off in scales


the peeling off in flakes or scales of bark or dead skin


a deposit of valuable ore occurring within definite boundaries separating it from surrounding rocks


atmospheric moisture that has condensed because of cold


condensation of moisture on a cold surface

the cold glasses were streaked with sweat


passage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue


pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits two different colors when viewed from two different directions


when light passes sharp edges or goes through narrow slits the rays are deflected and produce fringes of light and dark bands


an electric current that flows in one direction steadily


an electric quantity (voltage or current or field strength) whose modulation represents coded information about the source from which it comes


a signal that temporarily stops the execution of a program so that another procedure can be carried out


a belt of calms and light winds between the northern and southern trade winds of the Atlantic and Pacific


the afternoon was hot, quiet, and heavy with languor


a miniature whirlwind strong enough to whip dust and leaves and litter into the air


oewn-dust_storm-n oewn-duster-n oewn-sandstorm-n oewn-sirocco-n

a windstorm that lifts up clouds of dust or sand

it was the kind of duster not experienced in years


potential energy that is stored when a body is deformed (as in a coiled spring)


a physical phenomenon involving electricity


the power output of a generator or power plant


a field of force surrounding a charged particle


heating of an insulator by a high-frequency electric field


a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons


energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor

they built a car that runs on electricity


radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge


a former name for a radio wave; an electromagnetic wave of radio frequency generated by oscillations in an electric circuit


the entire frequency range of electromagnetic waves


spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a self-luminous source


the DOE is responsible for maintaining the energy policy


(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs


a definite stable energy that a physical system can have; used especially of the state of electrons in atoms or molecules

according to quantum theory only certain energy levels are possible


(physics) the rate of doing work; measured in watts (= joules/second)


the energy equivalent to the mass of a particle at rest in an inertial frame of reference; equal to the rest mass times the square of the speed of light


(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force


a secondary phenomenon that is a by-product of another phenomenon


a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory


(neurophysiology) phenomenon that occurs when two or more neural impulses that alone are not enough to trigger a response in a neuron combine to trigger an action potential


an unwanted reflection in an optical system (or the fogging of an image that is caused by such a reflection)


an unintended electric discharge (as over or around an insulator)


oewn-flood-n oewn-inundation-n oewn-deluge-n oewn-alluvion-n

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land


flooding caused by a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river during the spring or summer


a sudden local flood of great volume and short duration


a wall of water rushing ahead of the flood

we were lucky to be safe when the floodheads hit


oewn-Noah-ap-s_flood-n oewn-Noachian_deluge-n oewn-Noah_and_the_Flood-n oewn-the_Flood-n

(Biblical) the great deluge that is said in the Book of Genesis to have occurred in the time of Noah; it was brought by God upon the earth because of the wickedness of human beings


a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges


(ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member


(ecology) a hierarchy of food chains with the principal predator at the top; each level preys on the level below


(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains


moderate weather; suitable for outdoor activities


a mirage in the Strait of Messina (attributed to the Arthurian sorcerer Morgan le Fay)


the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it


an imaginary line in a field of force; direction of the line at any point is the direction of the force at that point


the presence of groups of closely spaced spectrum lines observed in the atomic spectrum of certain elements

the fine structure results from slightly different energy levels


the light of a fire (especially in a fireplace)


a storm in which violent winds are drawn into the column of hot air rising over a severely bombed area


light emitted during absorption of radiation of some other (invisible) wavelength


droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground


a large mass of fog on the sea (as seen from a distance)


(physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity


a form of lightning that moves rapidly in a zigzag path with one end divided (fork-like)


oewn-friar-ap-s_lantern-n oewn-ignis_fatuus-n oewn-jack-o-ap--lantern-n oewn-will-o-ap--the-wisp-n

a pale light sometimes seen at night over marshy ground


the resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another


one of the light or dark bands produced by the interference and diffraction of light


conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein


oewn-grinding-n oewn-abrasion-n oewn-attrition-n oewn-detrition-n

the wearing down of rock particles by friction due to water or wind or ice


the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)


(meteorology) the atmospheric phenomenon created at the boundary between two different air masses


the front of an advancing mass of warmer air


the front of an advancing mass of colder air


a cold front along which squalls or thunderstorms are likely


(meteorology) a composite front when colder air surrounds a mass of warm air and forces it aloft


warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere; caused by atmospheric gases that allow sunshine to pass through but absorb heat that is radiated back from the warmed surface of the earth


the layer of air near the earth is cooler than an overlying layer


upthrust of ground or pavement caused by the freezing of moist soil


a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale


wind moving 32-38 knots; 7 on the Beaufort scale


wind moving 39-46 knots; 8 on the Beaufort scale


wind moving 47-54 knots; 9 on the Beaufort scale


wind moving 55-63 knots; 10 on the Beaufort scale


a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning


electromagnetic radiation emitted during radioactive decay and having an extremely short wavelength


light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas


the amount of electromagnetic radiation leaving or arriving at a point on a surface


illumination of the night sky in urban areas


good luck in making unexpected and fortunate discoveries


a field of force surrounding a body of finite mass


oewn-gravity-n oewn-gravitation-n oewn-gravitational_attraction-n oewn-gravitational_force-n

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface

the more remote the body the less the gravity


solar gravity creates extreme pressures and temperatures


the tree was bent almost double by the gust


precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents


a greyish light (as at dawn or dusk or in dim interiors)


atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility


a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature


energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth


condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue

a successful graft or transplant requires a high degree of histocompatibility


a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving at 63-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)


the lagging of an effect behind its cause; especially the phenomenon in which the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic material lags behind the changing magnetic field


a dense winter fog containing ice particles


a storm with freezing rain that leaves everything glazed with ice


the phenomenon of light emission by a body as its temperature is raised


the striking of a light beam on a surface

he measured the angle of incidence of the reflected light


an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current


generation of electromotive forces in each other by two adjacent circuits


generation of an electromotive force (EMF) in a circuit by changing the current in that circuit; usually measured in henries


(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force


the tendency of a body to resist angular acceleration


(physics) the rate of change of the angular velocity of a rotating body


(physics) the rate of change of the angular position of a rotating body; usually expressed in radians per second or radians per minute


oewn-infrared-n oewn-infrared_light-n oewn-infrared_radiation-n oewn-infrared_emission-n

electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves


reciprocal reflection between two reflecting surfaces

there was interreflection between the two surfaces of the lens


propulsion by means of the discharge of a jet of fluid toward the rear


a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top of the troposphere; has important effects of the formation of weather fronts


when the wiring was finished they turned on the juice


the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion


the heat required for a fluid substance to break up into simpler constituents


the heat evolved or absorbed during the formation of one mole of a substance from its component elements


the heat evolved or absorbed when one mole of a substance is dissolved in a large volume of a solvent


heat absorbed or radiated during a change of phase at a constant temperature and pressure


heat liberated by a unit mass of gas at its boiling point as it condenses into a liquid

the heat of condensation is equal to the heat of vaporization


heat absorbed by a unit mass of a solid at its melting point in order to convert the solid into a liquid at the same temperature

the heat of fusion is equal to the heat of solidification


heat liberated by a unit mass of liquid at its freezing point when it solidifies


heat absorbed by a unit mass of material when it changes from a solid to a gaseous state


heat absorbed by a unit mass of a material at its boiling point in order to convert the material into a gas at the same temperature


the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree centigrade


the beam of a car's headlights that provides distant illumination


a ray of infrared radiation; produces a thermal effect (as from an infrared lamp)


an easterly wind in the western Mediterranean area


the mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever


the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones


characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms


life sustained in the presence of air or oxygen


a series of stages through which an organism passes between recurrences of a primary stage


(physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

the light was filtered through a soft glass window


a single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum


an acronym for emissions of light and very low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources; extremely bright extremely short (less than a msec) electrical flashes forming a huge ring (up to 400 km diameter) in the ionosphere


atmospheric discharges (lasting 10 msec) bursting from the tops of giant storm clouds in blue cones that widen as they flash upward


abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light


a spectrum in which energy is concentrated at particular wavelengths; produced by excited atoms and ions as they fall back to a lower energy level


the force experienced by a point charge moving along a wire that is in a magnetic field; the force is at right angles to both the current and the magnetic field

the Lorentz force can be used to suspend a current-carrying object between two magnets


atmospheric electricity (lasting 10 msec) appearing as globular flashes of red (pink to blood-red) light rising to heights of 60 miles (sometimes seen together with elves)


light not due to incandescence; occurs at low temperatures


luminescence produced by physiological processes (as in the firefly)


luminescence resulting from a chemical reaction as the oxidation of luciferin in fireflies


the energy associated with visible light


the magnetic field of a planet; the volume around the planet in which charged particles are subject more to the planet's magnetic field than to the solar magnetic field


the lines of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle


a field that represents the energy lost from the radiator to space


a single pulsation of an oscillation produced by adding two waves of different frequencies; has a frequency equal to the difference between the two oscillations


a vibration of large amplitude produced by a relatively small vibration near the same frequency of vibration as the natural frequency of the resonating system


(physics) vibration produced by resonance


an excited state of a stable particle causing a sharp maximum in the probability of absorption of electromagnetic radiation


the resonance absorption of a gamma ray by a nucleus identical to the nucleus that emitted the gamma ray


resonance of electrons or atoms or molecules or nuclei to radiation frequencies as a result of space quantization in a magnetic field


resonance of protons to radiation in a magnetic field


attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force


magnetism produced by an electric current

electromagnetism was discovered when it was observed that a copper wire carrying an electric current can magnetize pieces of iron or steel near it


magnetic field creates parallel but opposing spins; varies with temperature


phenomenon exhibited by materials like copper or bismuth that become magnetized in a magnetic field with a polarity opposite to the magnetic force; unlike iron they are slightly repelled by a magnet


a phenomenon in ferrites where there can be incomplete cancellation of antiferromagnetic arranged spins giving a net magnetic moment


phenomenon exhibited by materials like iron (nickel or cobalt) that become magnetized in a magnetic field and retain their magnetism when the field is removed


materials like aluminum or platinum become magnetized in a magnetic field but it disappears when the field is removed


a physical phenomenon associated with the equilibrium or motion of objects


mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium

falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them


very high frequency sound; used in ultrasonography


the path followed by an object moving through space


the trajectory of an object in free flight


(spaceflight) a trajectory that passes close to a planetary body in order to gain energy from its gravitational field


the amount by which the mass of an atomic nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its constituent particles


warm weather following a freeze; snow and ice melt


a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data


the sun visible at midnight (inside the Arctic or Antarctic Circles)


a thin fog with condensation near the ground


a strong north wind that blows in France during the winter


a turning force produced by an object acting at a distance (or a measure of that force)


given two equal and opposite forces, the product of the force and the distance between them


(physics) a current loop gives rise to a magnetic field characteristic of a magnetic dipole

An orbiting electron in an atom will have a magnetic dipole moment


the torque exerted on a magnet or dipole when it is placed in a magnetic field


a streak of light in the sky at night that results when a meteoroid hits the earth's atmosphere and air friction causes the meteoroid to melt or vaporize or explode


an especially luminous meteor (sometimes exploding)


an optical illusion in which atmospheric refraction by a layer of hot air distorts or inverts reflections of distant objects


a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter


any wind that changes direction with the seasons


a sudden emergence of the sun from behind clouds


the shingles were weathered by the sun and wind


the beam of a car's headlights that provides illumination for a short distance


a collimated flow of particles (atoms or electrons or molecules)


a beam of ions moving in the same direction at the same speed


(physiology) the normal degeneration and death of living cells (as in various epithelial cells)


a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival


oewn-necrosis-n oewn-mortification-n oewn-gangrene-n oewn-sphacelus-n

the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply)


death when respiration and other reflexes are absent; consciousness is gone; organs can be removed for transplantation before the heartbeat stops


radiation of neutrons (as by a neutron bomb)


a circle of light around the sun or moon


a luminous halo parallel to the horizon at the altitude of the sun; caused by ice crystals in the atmosphere


a bright spot on the parhelic circle; caused by diffraction by ice crystals

two or more parhelia are usually seen at once


oewn-north_wind-n oewn-northerly-n oewn-norther-n oewn-boreas-n


the use of a nuclear reactor either to produce electricity to power an engine (as in a nuclear submarine) or to directly heat a propellant (as in nuclear rockets)


the steady flow of surface ocean water in a prevailing direction


(oceanography) a warm ocean current that flows along the equator from the date line and south off the coast of Ecuador at Christmas time


a more intense El Nino that occurs every few years when the welling up of cold nutrient-rich water does not occur; kills plankton and fish and affects weather patterns


any of the ocean currents that flow westward at the equator


an equatorial current that flows west across the Pacific just north of the equator


an equatorial current that flows west across the Pacific just south of the equator


a warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico northward through the Atlantic Ocean


a warm ocean current that flows northeastwardly off the coast of Japan into the northern Pacific ocean


a cold ocean current that flows north along the Pacific Coast of South America before turning west


the phenomenon of not permitting the passage of electromagnetic radiation


an optical phenomenon that results in a false or deceptive visual impression


a physical phenomenon related to or involving light


a fluorescence that persists after the bombarding radiation has ceased


electricity generated by light or affected by light


electricity produced by mechanical pressure on certain crystals (notably quartz or Rochelle salt); alternatively, electrostatic stress produces a change in the linear dimensions of the crystal


the phenomenon of different colors appearing when certain crystals are viewed from different directions


(biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms


the phenomenon in which waves of light or other radiation are restricted in direction of vibration


(biology) the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)


(biology) the existence of two forms of individual within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)


(chemistry) the existence of different kinds of crystal of the same chemical compound


(chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms


(genetics) the genetic variation within a population that natural selection can operate on


(genetics) genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered; SNPs are usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species


oewn-electric_potential-n oewn-potential-n oewn-potential_difference-n oewn-potential_drop-n oewn-voltage-n

the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts


the electrical response of the central nervous system produced by an external stimulus

he measured evoked potentials with an electroencephalogram


the potential difference between the two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting an impulse


the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its position; stored energy


the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)


the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure


atmospheric pressure as indicated by a barometer


the air pressure maintained in an air-tight compartment (as in an aircraft)


a transient air pressure greater than the surrounding atmospheric pressure

the overpressure of the blast kills by lethal concussion


the atmospheric pressure reduced by a formula to the pressure at sea level


the pressure at a given point in a liquid measured in terms of the vertical height of a column of the liquid needed to produce the same pressure


pressure exerted by the fluids inside the eyeball; regulated by resistance to the outward flow of aqueous humor

glaucoma can result from increased intraocular pressure


pressure that keeps oil on the moving parts of an internal-combustion engine


(physical chemistry) the pressure exerted by a solution necessary to prevent osmosis into that solution when it is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane


the minute pressure exerted on a surface normal to the direction of propagation of a wave


the difference between the instantaneous pressure at a point in a sound field and the average pressure at that point


the prevailing wind is from the southwest


the push of the water on the walls of the tank


(mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body

every action has an equal and opposite reaction


reaction propulsion using stored oxygen for combustion; used where there is insufficient atmospheric oxygen


propulsion that results from the ejection at high velocity of a mass of gas to which the vehicle reacts with an equal and opposite momentum


energy that is transmitted in the form of (electromagnetic) radiation; energy that exists in the absence of matter


energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles


a stream of atomic or subatomic particles that may be charged positively (e.g. alpha particles) or negatively (e.g. beta particles) or not at all (e.g. neutrons)


an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 0.5 cm to 30,000 m


a radio wave that is reflected back to earth by the ionosphere or a communications satellite; permits transmission around the curve of the earth's surface


a sky wave that is reflected by the ionosphere


a radio wave propagated on or near the earth's surface


a radio wave used to transmit and receive messages


a distribution of ions as shown by a mass spectrograph or a mass spectrometer


the part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to microwaves


the entire spectrum of electromagnetic frequencies used for communications; includes frequencies used for radio and radar and television


a radio wave that can be modulated in order to transmit a signal


water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere


a violent rainstorm near the time of an equinox


a short rainstorm accompanied by thunder and lightning


oewn-downpour-n oewn-cloudburst-n oewn-deluge-n oewn-waterspout-n oewn-torrent-n oewn-pelter-n oewn-soaker-n


very light rain; stronger than mist but less than a shower


the game was interrupted by a brief shower


(biology) the ability of one molecule to attach to another molecule that has a complementary shape

molecular recognition drives all of biology, for instance, hormone and receptor or antibody-antigen interactions or the organization of molecules into larger biologically active entities


the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface


the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another


splitting a ray into two parallel rays polarized perpendicularly


any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion


a material's capacity to conduct electricity; measured as the reciprocal of electrical resistance


oewn-electric_resistance-n oewn-electrical_resistance-n oewn-impedance-n oewn-resistance-n oewn-resistivity-n oewn-ohmic_resistance-n

a material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms


opposition to the flow of electric current resulting from inductance and capacitance (rather than resistance)


opposition to the flow of sound through a surface; acoustic resistance is the real component of acoustic impedance and acoustic reactance is the imaginary component


(physics) opposition to magnetic flux (analogous to electric resistance)


the phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid


the increase in aerodynamic drag as an airplane approaches the speed of sound


the retarding force of air friction on a moving object


(medicine) an immunological response that refuses to accept substances or organisms that are recognized as foreign


the phenomenon of vitality and freshness being restored

the annual rejuvenation of the landscape


the ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together


(computer science) the number of pixels per square inch on a computer-generated display; the greater the resolution, the better the picture


a light shower that falls in some locations and not others nearby


(physics) a flash of light that is produced in a phosphor when it absorbs a photon or ionizing particle


an association between genes in sex chromosomes that makes some characteristics appear more frequently in one sex than in the other


(physics) a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves

the shear changed the rectangle into a parallelogram


a transient shower of meteors when a meteor swarm enters the earth's atmosphere


a radio wave with a wavelength less than 100 meters (a frequency greater than 3 megahertz)


a radio wave with a wavelength between 100 and 1000 meters (a frequency between 300 kilohertz and 3000 kilohertz)


a radio wave with a wavelength longer than a kilometer (a frequency below 300 kilohertz)


a violent hot sand-laden wind on the deserts of Arabia and North Africa


the tendency of high-frequency alternating current to distribute near the surface of a conductor


partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)


a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas


precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals


a light brief snowfall and gust of wind (or something resembling that)

he had to close the window against the flurries


an arctic atmospheric condition with clouds over snow produce a uniform whiteness and objects are difficult to see; occurs when the light reflected off the snow equals the light coming through the clouds


light wispy precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the ground (especially when the lower air is low in humidity)


oewn-ice_crystal-n oewn-snow_mist-n oewn-diamond_dust-n oewn-poudrin-n oewn-ice_needle-n oewn-frost_snow-n oewn-frost_mist-n


a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds


energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy

the amount of energy falling on the earth is given by the solar constant, but very little use has been made of solar energy


a sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface; associated with sunspots and radio interference


large eruptions of luminous hydrogen gas that rise thousands of kilometers above the chromosphere


a stream of protons moving radially from the sun


the distribution of energy as a function of frequency for a particular sound source


the average sound spectrum for the human voice


a cooler darker spot appearing periodically on the sun's photosphere; associated with a strong magnetic field


a large bright spot on the sun's photosphere occurring most frequently in the vicinity of sunspots


oewn-discharge-n oewn-spark-n oewn-arc-n oewn-electric_arc-n oewn-electric_discharge-n

electrical conduction through a gas in an applied electric field


a change (usually undesired) in the waveform of an acoustic or analog electrical signal; the difference between two measurements of a signal (as between the input and output signal)

heavy metal guitar players use vacuum tube amplifiers to produce extreme distortion


distortion that occurs when the output signal does not have a linear relation to the input signal


the acoustic phenomenon that gives sound a penetrating quality

our ukuleles have been designed to have superior sound and projection


the passage of electricity through a conductor


the transmission of heat or electricity or sound


change in the apparent frequency of a wave as observer and source move toward or away from each other


(astronomy) a shift in the spectra of very distant galaxies toward longer wavelengths (toward the red end of the spectrum); generally interpreted as evidence that the universe is expanding


all the points just reached by a wave as it propagates


an optical aberration resulting in a distorted image


(economics) any indirect effect of public expenditure


sudden violent winds; often accompanied by precipitation


a squall advancing along a front that forms a definite line


electrical signals produced by unwanted sources (atmospherics or receiver noise or unwanted transmitters)


electricity produced by heat (as in a thermocouple)


(physics) force that produces strain on a physical body

the intensity of stress is expressed in units of force divided by units of area


(physics) a stress that produces an elongation of an elastic physical body

the direction of maximum tension moves asymptotically toward the direction of the shear


(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces


the degree of tension or stress at which something breaks


the diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon but its rays are refracted by the atmosphere of the earth


(physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons


an interaction between charged elementary particles that is intermediate in strength between the strong and weak interactions; mediated by photons


a weak interaction between particles that results from their mass; mediated by gravitons


(physics) the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms; mediated by gluons


the most powerful tornado which can create enormously devastating damage


(physics) an interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos that is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay; mediated by intermediate vector bosons


a force over an area produced by a pressure difference


atmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily appearance of the sun


atmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily disappearance of the sun


a glow sometimes seen in the sky after sunset


a phenomenon at the surface of a liquid caused by intermolecular forces


surface tension at the surface separating two non-miscible liquids


the straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies (as the sun and earth and moon) in a gravitational system


an electric current produced between two electrodes as a result of electrons emitted by thermionic emission


the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person who is awake but relaxed and drowsy; occurs with low frequency and low amplitude


a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder


a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning


a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground


it's a toss-up whether he will win or lose


steady winds blowing from east to west above and below the equator


winds blowing from west to east and lying above the trade winds in the tropics


a cold dry wind that blows south out of the mountains into Italy and the western Mediterranean


the spreading of the sea over land as evidenced by the deposition of marine strata over terrestrial strata


permitting the free passage of electromagnetic radiation


pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits three different colors when viewed from three different directions


a tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans


flow in which the velocity at any point varies erratically


turbulent water with swells of considerable size


a sea in which the waves are running directly against the course of the ship


flow of a gas or liquid in which the velocity at any point is relatively steady


nonturbulent streamline flow in parallel layers (laminae)


oewn-ultraviolet-n oewn-ultraviolet_radiation-n oewn-ultraviolet_light-n oewn-ultraviolet_illumination-n oewn-UV-n

radiation lying in the ultraviolet range; wave lengths shorter than light but longer than X rays


a ray of artificial ultraviolet light from a sunray lamp


a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle)


relatively weak attraction between neutral atoms and molecules arising from polarization induced in each particle by the presence of other particles


the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form)


a reflected optical image (as seen in a plane mirror)


the distribution of colors produced when light is dispersed by a prism