(ice hockey) a play in which one team has a numerical advantage over the other as a result of penalties

the team was unable to capitalize on the power play


(American football) a play by the offensive team


oewn-run-n oewn-running-n oewn-running_play-n oewn-running_game-n

(American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team

the defensive line braced to stop the run


(American football) the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage


(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running around the end of the line


(American football) the act of running back the ball after a kickoff or punt or interception or fumble


(American football) a running play in which a back running in one direction hands the ball to a back running in the opposite direction


(American football) a running play in which a first reverse is followed by a second reverse


(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line

the linebackers were ready to stop a rush


oewn-pass-n oewn-passing_play-n oewn-passing_game-n oewn-passing-n

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

the coach sent in a passing play on third and long


a play in which there is a concentration of players in one location on the field of play

they used a power play to return the kickoff


(American football) a play in which one player hands the ball to a teammate


a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer


a short forward pass to a back who is running toward the sidelines

he threw a flare to the fullback who was tackled for a loss


a short forward pass in which the receiver is protected by a screen of blockers


a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer


a pass to a designated spot on the field; the receiver should arrive at that spot the same time the ball does


(American football) grasping an opposing player with the intention of stopping by throwing to the ground


the act of obstructing or deflecting someone's movements


(American football) blocking a player's path with your body


an illegal check (chopping at an opponent's arms or stick)


knocking the puck away by jabbing at it with the hockey stick


oewn-razzle-dazzle-n oewn-razzle-n oewn-razzmatazz-n oewn-razmataz-n

any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent


a basketball maneuver; obstructing an opponent with one's body

he was called for setting an illegal pick


a basketball maneuver; two defensive players shift assignments so that each guards the player usually guarded by the other


a basketball maneuver; one offensive player passes the ball to another, then runs toward the basket to take a return pass


(baseball) a play executed by a baseball team


the act of getting two players out on one play


the act of getting three players out on one play


a baseball play in which a base runner is caught off base and tagged out


a baseball play in which a runner on third base tries to score as the batter bunts the pitch


the runner on third base starts home as the pitcher delivers the ball


the runner on third base waits to start home until the batter has bunted successfully


(sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

it took two strokes to get out of the bunker


(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball


the act of hitting a tennis ball with a tennis racket


a tennis stroke that sends the ball back to the other player

he won the point on a cross-court return


a return made with the back of the hand facing the direction of the stroke


a tennis return made with a downward motion that puts backspin on the ball


(sports) a hard straight return (as in tennis or squash)


a soft return so that the tennis ball drops abruptly after crossing the net


(sports) a return made with the palm of the hand facing the direction of the stroke (as in tennis or badminton or squash)


(sports) hard straight return made on the forehand side (as in tennis or badminton or squash)


a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent


a hard straight return made on the backhand side


a backhand shot made holding the racquet in both hands


a tennis return made by hitting the ball after it has bounced once


(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play


a serve that the receiver is unable to reach


(sports) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area)


a serve that strikes the net before falling into the receiver's court; the ball must be served again


a tennis return made by hitting the ball immediately after it bounces


an easy return of a tennis ball in a high arc


a hard return hitting the tennis ball above your head


a tennis return that passes an opponent who has approached the net


a tennis return made by hitting the ball before it bounces


any one of the repeated movements of the limbs and body used for locomotion in swimming or rowing


a method of moving the arms and legs to push against the water and propel the swimmer forward


a swimming stroke; arms are moved alternately overhead accompanied by a flutter kick


an elementary swimming stroke imitating a swimming dog


a swimming stroke in which the arms move forward and backward while the legs do a scissors kick


a swimming stroke in which the arms are thrown forward together out of the water while the feet kick up and down


a swimming stroke; the arms are extended together in front of the head and swept back on either side accompanied by a frog kick


a swimming stroke that resembles the crawl except the swimmer lies on his or her back


in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball


the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it


a golf shot that curves to the right for a right-handed golfer


a golf shot that curves to the left for a right-handed golfer


hitting a golf ball off of a tee with a driver


a golf shot from a bunker that typically moves sand as well as the golf ball


hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

his putting let him down today; he didn't sink a single putt over three feet


a form of golf in which you putt from positions arranged on the circumference of a circle around the hole


a relatively short golf shot intended to put the ball onto the putting green

he lost the hole when his approach rolled over the green


a poor golf stroke in which the club head hits the ground before hitting the ball


a poor golf stroke in which the heel of the club hits the ball


the act of hitting a golf ball from the teeing ground at the start of each hole


a swimming kick; the legs are moved rapidly up and down without bending the knees


a swimming kick; knees are drawn upward and outward so the legs can be brought together when fully extended


a swimming kick; an up and down kick of the feet together


a kick used in the sidestroke; legs are brought together in a scissoring motion


a swimming kick used while treading water


a stroke that keeps the head above water by thrashing the legs and arms


oewn-cinch-n oewn-breeze-n oewn-picnic-n oewn-snap-n oewn-duck_soup-n oewn-child-ap-s_play-n oewn-pushover-n oewn-walkover-n oewn-piece_of_cake-n

marketing this product will be no picnic


activity directed toward making or doing something

she checked several points needing further work


the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field

the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds


dry rot did the job of destroying the barn


a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work


work done by one person or group that benefits another

budget separately for goods and services


service provided by a professional advisor (e.g., a lawyer or doctor or CPA etc.)


a consulting service in which a CPA develops findings and conclusions and recommendations that are presented to the client for consideration and decision making


a consulting service in which a CPA expresses a conclusion about the reliability of a written statement that is the responsibility of someone else


an attestation that the client's financial statement is accurate


a service that an organization or a piece of equipment offers you


the work of making something smooth and shiny by rubbing or waxing it

the shining of shoes provided a meager living


compulsory service in the military during peacetime


the service (electric power or water or transportation) provided by a public utility


(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him


land tenure by agricultural service or payment of rent; not burdened with military service


land tenure by service in the lord's army


land tenure by service to the lord as a knight


the boss hoped the plan would succeed but he wasn't willing to do the heavy lifting


the act of cleaning the rooms and furnishings of a house

efficient housecleaning should proceed one room at a time


(figurative) the act of reforming by the removal of unwanted personnel or practices or conditions

more housecleaning is in store at other accounting firms


the work of cleaning and running a house


the work of using heat to smooth washed clothes in order to remove any wrinkles


work that a person is expected to do in a specified time


the number of cases handled in a given period of time (as by a court or agency)


work paid for according to the quantity produced


while he was waiting he filled the days with busywork


the work of cutting down trees for timber


work that involves handling papers: forms or letters or reports etc.


an organized activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in society


oewn-occupation-n oewn-business-n oewn-job-n oewn-line_of_work-n oewn-line-n

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money


any activity that occupies a person's attention

he missed the bell in his occupation with the computer game


the particular occupation for which you are trained


oewn-specialization-n oewn-specialisation-n oewn-specialty-n oewn-speciality-n oewn-specialism-n

the special line of work you have adopted as your career


the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose


the act of making something spiritual; infusing it with spiritual content


employment at home while communicating with the workplace by phone or fax or modem


performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

the mayor tried to maintain city services


something designed and created to serve a particular function and to afford a particular convenience or service


employment within a government system (especially in the civil service)


the job of a head of a government department


the job of a senior minister who is a member of the cabinet


the job to which you are (or hope to be) appointed

he applied for an appointment in the treasury


oewn-position-n oewn-post-n oewn-berth-n oewn-office-n oewn-place-n oewn-situation-n


the position of member of an honorary academy


the position of associate (as in an office or academy)


following the scandal, the cardinal resigned his cardinalate


the position of a director of a business concern


the position of headmaster or headmistress


a difficult position where you are subjected to stress and criticism


the same homely dress she wore in the days of her peasanthood


a highly desirable position or assignment


Andrew Jackson expanded the power of the presidency beyond what was customary before his time


the office of the United States head of state


he was awarded an endowed chair in economics


a position concerning the people as a whole


a public office of sufficiently high rank that it provides the holder with an opportunity to speak out and be listened to on any matter

the American presidency is a bully pulpit


the position of physician who is receiving special training in a hospital (usually after completing an internship)


the position of the head of the Justice Department and the chief law enforcement officer of the United States

the post of Attorney General was created in 1789


the position of the head of the Department of Agriculture

the post of Secretary of Agriculture was established in 1889


the position of the head of the Department of Commerce

the position of Commerce Secretary was created in 1913


the position of the head of the Department of Defense

the position of Defense Secretary was created in 1947


the position of the head of the Education Department

the post of Education Secretary was created in 1979


the position of the head of the Department of Energy

the post of Energy Secretary was created in 1977


the position of the head of the Department of Health and Human Services

the post of Secretary of Health and Human Services was created by Congress in 1979


the position of the head of the Department of Housing and Urban Development

the position of Secretary of Housing and Urban Development was created in 1966


the position of the head of the Department of Labor

the post of Labor Secretary was created in 1913


the position of the head of the State Department

the position of Secretary of State was established in 1789


the position of the head of the Department of the Interior

the position of Interior Secretary was created in 1849


the position of the head of the Treasury Department

the position of Treasury Secretary was created in 1789


the position of the head of the Department of Transportation

the post of Transportation Secretary was created in 1966


the position of the head of the Department of Veterans Affairs

the post of Secretary of Veterans Affairs was created in 1989


head of a former executive department; combined with the Navy Secretary to form the Defense Secretary in 1947


head of a former executive department; combined with the War Secretary to form the Defense Secretary in 1947


head of a former executive department created in 1903 and divided into two departments in 1913


head of a former executive department created in 1953 and divided into two departments in 1979


the position and authority of a feudal lord


the measurement of tremors and shocks and undulatory movements of earthquakes


the position and power of an exalted person (a sovereign or bishop) who is entitled to sit in a chair of state on ceremonial occasions


the office and function of a vice president


a job involving drudgery and confinement


a career in industrial or commercial or professional activities


the skilled practice of a practical occupation


the craft of building and repairing airplanes


the craft of building and repairing automobiles


the craft of making furniture (especially furniture of high quality)


the craft of a carpenter: making things out of wood


the trade or act of decorating the interior of a building or room, especially with regard to color combination, paint, fabrics, carpeting, etc.


the act of providing a house or room with furniture and other removable items such as shelves, carpets, appliances, etc.


an interior decorator must understand lighting


the trade of cutting or preparing or selling timber


house painting was the only craft he knew


the occupation of a plumber (installing and repairing pipes and fixtures for water or gas or sewage in a building)


an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)


an occupation for which you are especially well suited


one of the three professions traditionally believed to require advanced learning and high principles


the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their esthetic effect


the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system


the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)


the profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the media


the profession devoted to governing and to political affairs


the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries


the branch of medicine concerned with preventing disease

the medical establishment doesn't profit from preventive medicine


the practice of medicine without the use of drugs; may involve herbal medicines or self-awareness or biofeedback or acupuncture


the use of medicinal herbs to prevent or treat disease or promote health


the practice of medicine that combines traditional medicine with alternative medicine


the learned profession acquired by specialized courses in religion (usually taught at a college or seminary)


the activity of putting something in written form

she did the thinking while he did the writing


oewn-cryptography-n oewn-coding-n oewn-secret_writing-n oewn-steganography-n


handwriting can be slow and painful for one with arthritis


the activity of inscribing (especially carving or engraving) letters or words


the activity of representing something by a special system of marks or characters


the act of signing your name; writing your signature (as on a document)

the deed was attested by the subscription of his signature


the activity of converting data or information into code


encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required


the compression of graphics for storage or transmission


a set of standards adopted by the moving pictures experts group for the compression of digital video and audio data or a file of data compressed according to those standards


restoring compressed information to its normal form for use or display


(computer science) the encryption of data for security purposes


the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text

a secret key or password is required for decryption


a method of surveying; the area is divided into triangles and the length of one side and its angles with the other two are measured, then the lengths of the other sides can be calculated


the craft of doing sheet metal work (as in ventilation systems)


shingling is a craft very different from carpentry


the craft of making special tools and dies


the occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business


keeping account of the costs of items in production


the activity of recording business transactions


a simple bookkeeping system; transactions are entered in only one account


bookkeeper debits the transaction to one account and credits it to another


accounting that controls and evaluates inventory


supervision of the supply and storage and accessibility of items in order to insure an adequate supply without excessive oversupply


inventory accounting in which the oldest items (those first acquired) are assumed to be the first sold


inventory accounting in which the most recently acquired items are assumed to be the first sold


the occupation of taking and printing photographs or making movies


productive work (especially physical work done for wages)

his labor did not require a great deal of skill


confrontational activities intended to break up a strike by workers


unpaid labor (as for the maintenance of roads) required by a lord of his vassals in lieu of taxes


oewn-drudgery-n oewn-plodding-n oewn-grind-n oewn-donkeywork-n


oewn-effort-n oewn-elbow_grease-n oewn-exertion-n oewn-travail-n oewn-sweat-n

use of physical or mental energy; hard work


the struggle to get through the crowd exhausted her


oewn-wrestle-n oewn-wrestling-n oewn-grapple-n oewn-grappling-n oewn-hand-to-hand_struggle-n

the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat


the work of finding and killing or capturing animals for food or pelts


professional work done according to formula


taking full advantage of an opportunity while it lasts


work done under harsh conditions for little or no pay


working as a substitute for someone who is ill or on leave of absence


something difficult or awkward to do or deal with


the frustrating tsuris he subjected himself to


oewn-exercise-n oewn-exercising-n oewn-physical_exercise-n oewn-physical_exertion-n oewn-workout-n

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit


several exercises intended to be done in series

he did four sets of the incline bench press


exercise that increases the need for oxygen


oewn-bodybuilding-n oewn-anaerobic_exercise-n oewn-muscle_building-n oewn-musclebuilding-n

exercise that builds muscles through tension


bodybuilding by exercise that involves lifting weights


raising a weight from shoulder height to above the head by straightening the arms


a weightlift in which you lie on your back on a bench and press weights upward


a bench press performed on an inclined bench


a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then jerked overhead


a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then smoothly lifted overhead


a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted overhead in one rapid motion


bodybuilding that increases muscle mass and body weight


light exercises designed to promote general fitness

several different calisthenics were illustrated in the video


calisthenics is recommended for general good health


muscle-building exercises (or a system of musclebuilding exercises) involving muscular contractions against resistance without movement (the muscles contracts but the length of the muscle does not change)


exercise in which opposing muscles contract and there is controlled movement (tension is constant while the lengths of the muscles change)

the classic isotonic exercise is lifting free weights


running at a jog trot as a form of cardiopulmonary exercise


exercises for women designed to improve the ability to hold urine


exercise designed to extend the limbs and muscles to their full extent


yawning and stretching (as when first waking up)


a form of cardiopulmonary exercise consisting of rapid walking accompanied by vigorous swinging of the arms


exercise designed to strengthen the arm muscles


an arm exercise performed lying face to the floor and pushing the body up and down with the arms


an arm exercise performed by pulling yourself up on a horizontal bar until your chin is level with the bar


exercise designed to strengthen the back muscles


exercise designed to strengthen the leg muscles


exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles


an exercise designed to strengthen the flexor muscles of the leg


an exercise designed to strengthen the extensor muscles of the leg


exercise designed to strengthen the neck muscles


an exercise designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles


a stomach exercise in which a person sits up from a supine position without using the arms for leverage


a system of physical, breathing and meditation exercises practiced to promote control of the body and mind


yogic exercises (popular in the West) that combine difficult postures (which force the mind to withdraw from the outside world) with controlled breathing


the practice of giving expert advice within a particular field


the practice of beautifying the face and hair and skin


medical practice that provides health care regardless of age or sex while placing emphasis on the family unit


(medicine) the practice of medicine by a group of physicians who share their premises and other resources


the practice of a profession independently and not as an employee

he teaches at the medical school but his fortune came from private practice


medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings


it is a job requiring serious application


any effort that seems to go farther than would be necessary to achieve its goal


an effort above and beyond the call of duty


excessive exertion; so much exertion that discomfort or injury results


the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically


an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole


oewn-count-n oewn-counting-n oewn-numeration-n oewn-enumeration-n oewn-reckoning-n oewn-tally-n

the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order

the counting continued for several hours


the investigation of criminal activities


oewn-detection-n oewn-detecting-n oewn-detective_work-n oewn-sleuthing-n

a police investigation to determine the perpetrator


scientific tests or techniques used in the investigation of crimes


the systematic gathering up of suspects by the police


the application of empirical methods in any art or science


the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)


the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned


a systematic investigation of a matter of public interest


systematic investigation to establish facts


(formerly in Britain) an examination taken by 11 and 12 year old students to select suitable candidates for grammar school


a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing


research designed to determine most efficient way to do something


an inquiry into the financial position of someone applying for financial aid


an inquiry into the cause of an unexpected death


scientific research that requires massive capital investment but is expected to yield very significant results


scientific research conducted by biologists


a general term for the research activity that creates a copy of some biological entity (a gene or organism or cell)


making a full living copy of an organism; requires a surrogate mother


the reproductive cloning of a sentient human being; generally considered ethically unacceptable


moving a cell nucleus and its genetic material from one cell to another


nuclear transplantation of a patient's own cells to make an oocyte from which immune-compatible cells (especially stem cells) can be derived for transplant


research on stem cells and their use in medicine


biological research on stem cells derived from embryos and on their use in medicine


the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation


an investigation carried out in the field rather than in a laboratory or headquarters


the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works

they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons


research that gathers and analyzes information about the moving of good or services from producer to consumer


marketing research that yields information about the marketplace


marketing research that yields information about desired characteristics of the product or service


marketing research that yields information about the motives and needs of different classes of consumers


microscopy with the use of electron microscopes


microwave spectroscopy in which there is resonant absorption of radiation by a paramagnet


an investigation conducted using a flexible surgical instrument to explore an injury or a body cavity


an international study of the entire human genetic material


research into questions posed by scientific theories and hypotheses


visual examination of the interior of a hollow body organ by use of an endoscope


endoscopic examination of the abdomen through the abdominal wall


visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum; requires sedation


endoscopic examination of a woman's pelvic organs by the insertion of a culdoscope through the vagina


visual examination of the stomach by means of a gastroscope inserted through the esophagus


visual examination of the uterus and uterine lining using an endoscope inserted through the vagina


visual examination of the rectum and the end of the colon by means of a proctoscope


visual examination (with a sigmoidoscope) of the lower third of the colon in a search for polyps


an examination of the front part of the eye to check the angle where the iris meets the cornea; it is used to distinguish between open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma


examination of the cornea with a keratoscope to detect irregularities in its anterior surface


examination of the nasal passages (either through the anterior nares or with a rhinoscope through the nasopharynx)


the act of scanning; systematic examination of a prescribed region

he made a thorough scan of the beach with his binoculars


the act of systematically moving a finely focused beam of light or electrons over a surface in order to produce an image of it for analysis or transmission


boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas


an examination of the characteristics of something

there are laboratories for commercial testing


testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics


analyzing a group of people to determine genetic susceptibility to a particular disease

genetic screening of infants for phenylketonuria


oewn-time_and_motion_study-n oewn-time-and-motion_study-n oewn-time-motion_study-n oewn-motion_study-n oewn-time_study-n oewn-work_study-n

an analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient method in terms of time and effort


a form of microscopic examination of living material by scattered light; specimens appear luminous against a dark background


light microscopy in which the specimen is irradiated at wavelengths that excite fluorochromes


a method of using fluorescence microscopy to detect the presence of an antigen indirectly


(medicine) the chemical analysis of urine (for medical diagnosis)


(medicine) the chemical analysis of excrement (for medical diagnosis or for paleontological purposes)


a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view


the act of decomposing a substance into its constituent elements


an electrochemical method of chemical analysis


chemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance


quantitative chemical analysis by color using a colorimeter


quantitative analysis by the use of definite volumes of standard solutions or reagents


volumetric analysis using standard solutions of acids to measure the amount of a base present


volumetric analysis using standard solutions of alkali to measure the amount of acid present


a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete; the concentration of the unknown solution (the titer) can then be calculated


determination of the volume of gases (or changes in their volume) during combination


breaking down the costs of some operation and reporting on each factor separately


detailed critical analysis or examination one part at a time (as of a literary work)


(stock exchange) the use of fundamentals as an investment strategy


(stock exchange) analysis of past price changes in the hope of forecasting future price changes


oewn-spectroscopy-n oewn-spectrometry-n oewn-spectroscopic_analysis-n oewn-spectrum_analysis-n oewn-spectrographic_analysis-n

the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra


separation of substances in solution by means of their unequal diffusion through semipermeable membranes


a procedure in which blood is drawn and separated into its components by dialysis; some are retained and the rest are returned to the donor by transfusion


plasma is separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor


platelets are separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor


dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure


the use of spectroscopy to determine the masses of small electrically charged particles


the use of spectroscopy to study atomic or molecular resonances in the microwave spectrum


drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect

the operation of a computer presents an interesting analogy to the working of the brain


careful examination and comparison to note points of disagreement


a focussed comparison; bringing together for a careful comparison


the act of distinguishing by comparing differences


the transportation of goods on a lighter


an official visit for inspection or supervision

the commissioner made visitations to all the precinct stations


a visit in an official capacity to examine a site to determine its suitability for some enterprise


close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)


the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample


counting the number of white and red blood cells and the number of platelets in 1 cubic millimeter of blood


counting the number of specific types of white blood cells found in 1 cubic millimeter of blood; may be included as part of a complete blood count


counting backward from an arbitrary number to indicate the time remaining before some event (such as launching a space vehicle)


the counting of votes (as in an election)


an additional (usually a second) count; especially of the votes in a close election


the act of estimating the number of spermatozoa in an ejaculate


the act of keeping a secret watch for intelligence purposes


the act of tapping a telephone or telegraph line to get information


the systematic use of spies to get military or political secrets


surveillance by electronic means (e.g. television)


oewn-care-n oewn-attention-n oewn-aid-n oewn-tending-n

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something


motherly care; behavior characteristic of a mother; the practice of acting as a mother does toward her children


the work of a baby sitter; caring for children when their parents are not home


the work of a pet sitter; caring for pets in their own home while their owners are away from home


the medical care received on first contact with the medical system (before being referred elsewhere)


care and treatment of a convalescent patient


the dentist recommended two brushes a day


emergency care given before regular medical aid can be obtained


a method of irrigating the eye used by ophthalmologists


a treatment for glaucoma; the eyedrops reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing the production of aqueous humor and increasing its drainage through the uveoscleral pathway


a treatment for glaucoma; the eyedrops reduce intraocular pressure by reducing the production of aqueous humor


a treatment for glaucoma; the eyedrops increase the outflow of aqueous humor by constricting the pupil


a treatment for glaucoma; the eyedrops increase the outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway


professional treatment for illness or injury


care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)


maintaining something at the most favorable temperature for its development


the care (feeding and stabling) of horses for pay


kneading and rubbing parts of the body to increase circulation and promote relaxation


an emergency procedure that employs rhythmic compression of the heart (either through the chest wall or, during surgery, directly to the heart) in an attempt to maintain circulation during cardiac arrest


effleurage of the abdomen is used in the Lamaze method of childbirth


massage of the skin which is gently lifted and squeezed


massage to relieve tension by finger pressure; based on the belief that there are reflex points on the feet, hands, and head that are connected to every part of the body


massage combined with a system of active and passive exercises for the muscles and joints


massage in which the body is tapped rhythmically with the fingers or with short rapid movements of the sides of the hand; used to loosen mucus on the chest walls of patients with bronchitis


an overall beauty treatment (involving a person's hair style and cosmetics and clothing) intended to change or improve a person's appearance


professional care for the hands and fingernails


professional care for the feet and toenails


(medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.)

the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury


a method of therapy that involves physical or electrical therapeutic treatment


a method of physical therapy that involves generating local heat in body tissues by high-frequency electromagnetic currents


the therapeutic use of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils in baths or massage


the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)


the correction of his vision with eye glasses


oewn-electrotherapy-n oewn-galvanism-n oewn-electric_healing-n oewn-electrical_healing-n

the therapeutic application of electricity to the body (as in the treatment of various forms of paralysis)


hormones (estrogen and progestin) are given to postmenopausal women; believed to protect them from heart disease and osteoporosis


therapy designed to produce immunity to a disease or to enhance resistance by the immune system


the use of infrared radiation (as by infrared lamps or heating pads or hot water bottles) to relieve pain and increase circulation to a particular area of the body


therapy in which water or oxygen or a drug is introduced into the respiratory tract with inhaled air


oewn-iontophoresis-n oewn-ionic_medication-n oewn-iontotherapy-n oewn-electromotive_drug_administration-n oewn-EMDA-n

therapy that uses a local electric current to introduce the ions of a medicine into the tissues


the act of treating with medicines or remedies


medication with antipyretics to treat a fever


therapy based on a theory that taking very large doses of vitamins will prevent or cure physical or psychological disorders


therapy based on engagement in meaningful activities of daily life, especially to enable or encourage participation in such activities in spite of impairments or limitations in physical or mental functions


her nourishment of the orphans saved many lives


the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm


physical and emotional care and nourishment


care for someone who is disabled or is otherwise unable to care for themselves; can including bathing and cooking and managing bodily functions


care for the face that usually involves cleansing and massage and the application of cosmetic creams


surgical removal of the adenoids; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy


surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands


surgical removal of the vermiform appendix


a surgical removal of all or part of a limb


an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or unblock a coronary artery


the surgical fixation of a joint which is intended to result in bone fusion


surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint


a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint; the surgeon examines the joint with an arthroscope while making repairs through a small incision


surgical repair by using tissue from another part of the patient's own body


any surgical procedure involving the brain


brain surgery on human patients intended to relieve severe and otherwise intractable mental or behavioral problems


brain surgery on animals in which the corpus callosum (and sometimes the optic chiasm) is severed so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted


surgical removal of the testes or ovaries (usually to inhibit hormone secretion in cases of breast cancer in women or prostate cancer in men)

bilateral castration results in sterilization


the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing


use of chemical to destroy diseased or malignant tissue; used in treatment of skin cancer


a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus


the use of extreme cold (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy unwanted tissue (warts or cataracts or skin cancers)


surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain)


removal of the gall bladder through small punctures in the abdomen to permit the insertion of a laparoscope and surgical instruments


surgery to remove tissue or growths from a bodily cavity (as the uterus) by scraping with a curette


a method of induced abortion; prior to the 14th week of gestation the embryo and placenta are removed by applying suction to the dilated cervix


surgical removal of foreign material and dead tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing


removal of the outer covering of an organ or part


a surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet; performed to obtain tissue samples or to stop prolonged bleeding or to remove small tumors or to remove fragments of placenta after childbirth or as a method of abortion


the act of removing the bowels or viscera; the act of cutting so as to cause the viscera to protrude


surgery performed with electrical devices (as in electrocautery)


surgical operation that creates a permanent opening through the abdominal wall into the intestine


surgical removal of something without cutting into it


oewn-operation-n oewn-surgery-n oewn-surgical_operation-n oewn-surgical_procedure-n oewn-surgical_process-n

a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body

they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available


a surgical operation performed on the wrong part of the body


surgical removal of an embolus (usually from an artery)


surgical removal of the inner lining of an artery that is clogged with atherosclerosis


surgical removal of an organ (or the contents of an organ) from a patient


surgical removal of the organs within a body cavity (as those of the pelvis)


any surgical procedure involving the eyes


oewn-face_lift-n oewn-facelift-n oewn-lift-n oewn-face_lifting-n oewn-cosmetic_surgery-n oewn-rhytidectomy-n oewn-rhytidoplasty-n oewn-nip_and_tuck-n

plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised

some actresses have more than one face lift


surgical procedure that creates a new fenestra to the cochlea in order to restore hearing lost because of osteosclerosis


surgical removal of all or part of the stomach


surgical creation of an opening between the stomach wall and the small intestines; performed when the normal opening has been eliminated


surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach (as for gastrogavage)


any surgical procedure involving the heart


heart surgery in which a small incision is made (the chest cavity is not opened)


heart surgery in which the rib cage is spread open, the heart is stopped and blood is detoured through a heart-lung machine while a heart valve or coronary artery is surgically repaired


oewn-coronary_bypass-n oewn-coronary_bypass_surgery-n oewn-coronary_artery_bypass_graft-n oewn-CABG-n

open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart


heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed by the use of small instruments and tiny cameras threaded through small incisions while the heart is stopped and blood is pumped through a heart-lung machine


heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed on the beating heart by the use of small instruments and cameras threaded through small incisions


surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them


oewn-hemostasis-n oewn-haemostasis-n oewn-hemostasia-n oewn-haemostasia-n

surgical procedure of stopping the flow of blood (as with a hemostat)


surgical incision into the uterus (as in cesarean section)


surgical removal of the uterus and the ovaries and oviducts and cervix and related lymph nodes


surgical removal of the uterus and cervix


a surgical procedure that places something in the human body

the implantation of radioactive pellets in the prostate gland


the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)


eye surgery that involves removing all or part of the lens and replacing it with an intraocular lens implant


cataract surgery in which the entire lens is removed


cataract surgery in which only the front of the lens is removed; the back of the lens capsule remains intact and provides support for the lens implant


an eye operation that treats glaucoma by destroying the ciliary body with a laser


extracapsular surgery for cataracts in which ultrasonic sound breaks the cortex and nucleus of the lens into small fragments that are then vacuumed away through a small tube


eye surgery that opens a passage allowing excess aqueous humor to drain into surrounding tissues; a treatment for glaucoma


an eye operation that treats closed-angle glaucoma by surgical removal of part of the iris of the eye


a surgical procedure that makes an incision in the iris of the eye in order to enlarge the pupil or to treat closed-angle glaucoma


radial pattern of incisions in the cornea that cause the cornea to bulge; performed to correct myopia


a refractive surgery procedure that reshapes the cornea, creating a hinged flap in the epithelial layer of the eye


eye surgery that makes many tiny laser burns in an area that will increase the drainage of aqueous humor


a refractive surgery procedure that reshapes the cornea, creating a corneal flap which contains both epithelial and deeper stromal tissues


a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous humor and replace it with saline solution


surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth


surgical procedure that creates an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall to function as an anus; performed in cases of cancer of the colon or ulcerative colitis


surgical operation that shortens the small intestine; used in treating obesity


surgical creation of an opening between the jejunum and the anterior abdominal wall; will allow artificial feeding


a surgical procedure in which part or all of a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by healthy corneal tissue from a donor


using a piece of donated corneal tissue to repair the eye of someone who has had a cataract removed

epikeratophakia gave her a living contact lens


plastic surgery involving the breakdown and removal of fatty tissue


lipectomy (especially for cosmetic purposes) in which excess fatty tissue is removed from under the skin by suction


plastic surgery to lift or reshape the breasts


reconstructive surgery of the auricle of the external ear


surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae


surgical incision into the abdominal wall; often done to examine abdominal organs


laparotomy performed with a laparoscope that makes a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity (especially the ovaries and Fallopian tubes)


surgical removal of part or all of the larynx (usually to treat cancer of the larynx)


removal of gallstone through an incision in the gallbladder


surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain)


psychosurgery in which amygdaloid fibers that mediate limbic system activity are severed (in cases of extreme uncontrollable violence)


severing the corpus callosum so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted (in cases of severe intractable epilepsy)


oewn-lobotomy-n oewn-leukotomy-n oewn-leucotomy-n oewn-prefrontal_lobotomy-n oewn-prefrontal_leukotomy-n oewn-prefrontal_leucotomy-n oewn-frontal_lobotomy-n

surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes


a method of performing prefrontal lobotomy in which the surgical knife is inserted above the eyeball and moved to cut brain fibers


surgical removal of a tumor without removing much of the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes; performed in some cases of breast cancer


any surgical procedure that involves anesthesia or respiratory assistance


surgery using operating microscopes and miniaturized precision instruments to perform intricate procedures on very small structures


microsurgery in which the surgeon performs surgery by manipulating the hands of a robot


any surgical procedure that does not involve anesthesia or respiratory assistance


surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor


removal of a breast and the pectoralis minor and some lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit


removal of a breast and the underlying muscles (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor) and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit


removal of a breast leaving the underlying muscles and the lymph nodes intact


surgical removal of some or all of the mastoid process


surgical removal of the meniscus of the knee


surgical removal of all or part of a nerve


surgical removal of one or both ovaries and the corresponding Fallopian tubes


surgical removal of one or both testicles


surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas


surgical removal of a lung (usually to treat lung cancer)


surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland


surgical removal of one or both Fallopian tubes


surgical removal of all or part of a septum (especially the nasal septum or atrial septum)


surgical removal of part or all of the sigmoid colon (usually to remove a malignant tumor)


surgical removal of the stapes of the middle ear


surgical interruption of a nerve pathway in the sympathetic nervous system


surgical removal of a blood clot (thrombus) from a blood vessel


surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy


surgical incision or division of a muscle


surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft


surgical incision into the eardrum (to relieve pressure or release pus from the middle ear)


any surgery that involves the nervous system (brain or spinal cord or peripheral nerves)


cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose


operation to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum


surgical incision into the testis to obtain material for analysis (as in cases of abnormally low sperm count)


surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening for the elimination of bodily wastes


oewn-palatopharyngoplasty-n oewn-PPP-n oewn-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty-n oewn-UPPP-n

surgical resection of unnecessary palatal and oropharyngeal tissue to open the airway; intended to cure extreme cases of snoring (with or without sleep apnea)


reconstructive surgery on the penis to repair congenital abnormality or injury


surgical removal or all or part of a vein; sometimes done in cases of severe varicose veins


surgical procedure that uses an intense laser beam to destroy diseased retinal tissue or to make a scar that will hold the retina in cases of detached retina


surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue


reconstructive surgery of the anus or rectum


surgical removal of part of a structure or organ


surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the nose to drain accumulated pus


surgical procedure in which spinal nerve roots are cut; done (anterior roots) to relieve intractable pain or (posterior roots) to stop severe muscle spasms


surgical incision of the sclerotic coat of the eye


surgical procedures and hormonal treatments designed to alter a person's sexual characteristics so that they resemble those of the opposite sex


a surgical procedure in which a suture is used to close the cervix in a pregnant woman; is performed when the cervix has failed to retain previous pregnancies


the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)


neutering a male animal by removing the testicles


neutering a female by removing the ovaries


the surgical operation of cutting a muscle or tendon of the eye in order to correct strabismus


the surgical procedure of manually restoring a displaced body part


a celebrated experiment conducted by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley; their failure to detect any influence of the earth's motion on the velocity of light was the starting point for Einstein's theory of relativity


a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes


an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient)


removal of significant amounts of prostate tissue (as in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia)


an operation that removes a circular section of bone from the skull


surgical correction or repair of defects or injuries in the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear


surgical correction of a defect of the palate


judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments


the act of meting out justice according to the law


the administration of a solution (blood or saline or plasma etc.) one drop at a time


the administration of a sedative agent or drug


(medicine) cleaning a wound or body organ by flushing or washing out with water or a medicated solution


irrigation with a jet of water or medicated solution into or around a body part (especially the vagina) to treat infections or cleanse from odorous contents


an injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate evacuation; sometimes used for diagnostic purposes


a water enema given to flush out the colon


enema in which a contrast medium (usually barium sulfate) is injected into the rectum and X-rays are taken to search for lesions


washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with water


washing out the stomach with sterile water or a saltwater solution; removes blood or poisons

when the doctor ordered a gastric lavage the hospital pumped out my stomach


medical care of the whole person considered as subject to personal and social as well as organic factors

holistic medicine treats the mind as well as the body


a program of medical and emotional care for the terminally ill


the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe


application of a substance that destroys tissue by freezing it


application of a needle heated by an electric current to destroy tissue (as to remove warts)


formerly used as a treatment to reduce excess blood (one of the four humors of medieval medicine)


incision into a kidney (usually to remove a kidney stone)


surgical incision into the chest walls opening up the pleural cavity


incision into a stenosed cardiac valve to relieve the obstruction


surgical incision into a vein; used to treat hemochromatosis


a treatment in which evacuated cups are applied to the skin to draw blood through the surface


treatment by stopping fibrillation of heart muscles (usually by electric shock delivered by a defibrillator)


treatment for poisoning by neutralizing the toxic properties (normally a function of the liver)


a treatment for addiction to drugs or alcohol intended to remove the physiological effects of the addictive substances


correction of an unstable part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae; usually done surgically but sometimes done by traction or immobilization


care provided through prayer and faith in God


the application of a faith healer's hands to the patient's body


therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities


the treatment of physical disabilities by massage and electrotherapy and exercises


the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet)


the treatment of mental or emotional problems by psychological means


psychotherapy that seeks to extinguish or inhibit abnormal or maladaptive behavior by reinforcing desired behavior and extinguishing undesired behavior


a method of psychotherapy that reinforces you for stating negative and positive feelings directly


any technique of behavior modification that uses unpleasant stimuli in a controlled fashion to alter behavior in a therapeutic way; primarily used for alcoholism or drug abuse (but with little success)


oewn-desensitization_technique-n oewn-desensitisation_technique-n oewn-desensitization_procedure-n oewn-desensitisation_procedure-n oewn-systematic_desensitization-n oewn-systematic_desensitisation-n

a technique used in behavior therapy to treat phobias and other behavior problems involving anxiety; client is exposed to the threatening situation under relaxed conditions until the anxiety reaction is extinguished


a form of behavior therapy in which a survivor confronts feelings or phobias or anxieties about a traumatic event and relives it in the therapy situation


a technique used in behavior therapy; client is flooded with experiences of a particular kind until becoming either averse to them or numbed to them


a method of behavior therapy based on the inhibition of one response by the occurrence of another response that is mutually incompatible with it; a relaxation response might be conditioned to a stimulus that previously evoked anxiety


a form of behavior therapy that has been used in some mental institutions; patients are rewarded with tokens for appropriate behavior and the tokens may be cashed in for valued rewards


a method of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the client determines the focus and pace of each session


psychotherapy that focuses on acute critical situations (depressive episodes or attempted suicides or drug overdoses) with the aim of restoring the person to the level of functioning before the crisis


psychotherapy in which a small group of individuals meet with a therapist; interactions among the members are considered to be therapeutic


any of several therapeutic approaches in which a family is treated as a whole


form of psychotherapy for children that uses play situations for diagnosis or treatment


a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; based on the theories of Sigmund Freud

his physician recommended psychoanalysis


the use of hypnosis in conjunction with psychoanalysis


the application of psychotherapeutic principles to the analysis of your own personality


oewn-radiotherapy-n oewn-radiation_therapy-n oewn-radiation-n oewn-actinotherapy-n oewn-irradiation-n

(medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substance


the use of strong light to treat acne or hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn


the use of chemicals containing gold for treating diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis)


treatment of certain psychotic states by the administration of shocks that are followed by convulsions


oewn-electroconvulsive_therapy-n oewn-electroshock-n oewn-electroshock_therapy-n oewn-ECT-n

the administration of a strong electric current that passes through the brain to induce convulsions and coma


the administration of sufficient insulin to induce convulsions and coma


the administration of sufficient Metrazol to induce convulsions and coma


any therapy intended to correct a disorder of speech


deliberately lowering the body's temperature for therapeutic purposes

refrigeration by immersing the patient's body in a cold bath


the use of heat to treat a disease or disorder; heating pads or hot compresses or hot-water bottles are used to promote circulation in peripheral vascular disease or to relax tense muscles


therapy consisting of the administration of a pharmacological agent to cause thrombolysis of an abnormal blood clot


a method of treatment that manipulates body structures (especially the spine) to relieve low back pain or even headache or high blood pressure


application of warm wet coverings to a part of the body to relieve pain and inflammation


a method of treating disease using food and exercise and heat to assist the natural healing process


a drugless method of treatment based on the belief that disease symptoms arise from problems with ligaments and connective tissues


dental treatment that corrects irregularities of the teeth or of the relation of the teeth to surrounding anatomy; treatment is usually by braces or mechanical aids

orthodontic treatment of facial abnormalities


treatment of defects of binocular vision (such as strabismus and amblyopia) by nonsurgical measures (especially by exercises to strengthen the eye muscles)


therapy based on the assumption that restoring health is best accomplished by manipulating the skeleton and muscles


treatment of a skeletal deformity by intentionally fracturing a bone


treatment to destroy harmful microorganisms


disinfection of water by the addition of small amounts of chlorine or a chlorine compound


the administration of digitalis for the treatment of certain heart disorders


the administration of an anticoagulant drug to retard coagulation of the blood


treatment of pain or disease by inserting the tips of needles at specific points on the skin


treatment of symptoms by applying pressure with the fingers to specific pressure points on the body


training patients in self-induced relaxation


the usual method of treating disease with remedies that produce effects differing from those produced by the disease itself


a method of treating disease with small amounts of remedies that, in large amounts in healthy people, produce symptoms similar to those being treated


the internal and external use of water in the treatment of disease


close monitoring and constant medical care of patients with life-threatening conditions


rest as a medical treatment for stress or anxiety etc.


a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush


hunting for birds' nests to get the eggs


the act of preying by a predator who kills and eats the prey


effort expended in moving one object over another with pressure


the doctor prescribed a topical application of iodine


the act of applying oil or an oily liquid


the application of a gas or smoke to something for the purpose of disinfecting it


the work of coating glass with metal foil


either the work of covering with metal by the use of a galvanic current or the coating of iron with zinc to protect it from rusting


the work of making or repairing vehicle bodies


manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something


act of loading and unloading and moving goods within e.g. a factory especially using mechanical devices


the labor of putting a load of something on or in a vehicle or ship or container etc.


the labor of taking a load of something off of or out of a vehicle or ship or container etc.


the act of picking (crops or fruit or hops etc.)


the act of someone who picks up or takes something


the work of covering an area with planks


the work of installing the wires for an electrical system or device


stitching that is not easily seen or noticed


surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible


surgical incision into or division of the vas deferens


a surgical procedure that attempts to restore the function of the vas deferens after a vasectomy


surgical removal of part or all of the vulva


the act of operating on living animals (especially in scientific research)


an application of a lubricant to something


the act of applying paving materials to an area


you can finish the job of painting faster with a roller than with a brush


the application of a liquid in the form of small particles ejected from a sprayer


oewn-spatter-n oewn-spattering-n oewn-splash-n oewn-splashing-n oewn-splattering-n

the act of splashing a (liquid) substance on a surface


painting by using the fingers to spread the paint


the application of a protective layer of tin


the application of a thin layer of soft solder to the ends of wires before soldering them

careful tinning of the ends of wires results in a better joint when you solder them


the application of a thin coat of metal (as by electrolysis)


the application of very thin coat of color over the surface of a picture


the application of tiles to cover a surface


work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons


a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee

estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars


a job or situation that is demanding and arduous and punishing


the job of delivering newspapers regularly


an individual's prescribed share of work


oewn-function-n oewn-office-n oewn-part-n oewn-role-n

the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group


he was employed in the capacity of director


he took off his politician's hat and talked frankly


the role of the head of a government department

he holds the portfolio for foreign affairs


oewn-stead-n oewn-position-n oewn-place-n oewn-lieu-n

the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another


as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as `on behalf of' rather than `in behalf of')

the guardian signed the contract on behalf of the minor child


he hated to play second fiddle to anyone


normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting


the overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness

your gender role is the public expression of your gender identity


(in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player


the position on a baseball team of the player who throws the ball for a batter to try to hit

he has played every position except pitcher


the position on a baseball team of the player who is stationed behind home plate and who catches the balls that the pitcher throws

a catcher needs a lot of protective equipment


the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed at first of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate)


the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the second of the bases in the infield


the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed between second and third base


the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the third of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate)


the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is expected to field balls in the left third of the outfield (looking from home plate)


the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is expected to field balls in the central third of the outfield


the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is expected to field balls in the right third of the outfield (looking from home plate)


a stolen base; an instance in which a base runner advances safely during the delivery of a pitch (without the help of a hit or walk or passed ball or wild pitch)


a position on a basketball, soccer, or hockey team


a position on a basketball team of the player who participates in the jump that starts the game


(American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage


(American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed on the line of scrimmage


(American football) the position of a defensive football player who plays close behind the line of scrimmage


(American football) the position of the football player in the backfield who directs the offensive play of his team

quarterback is the most important position on the team


(American football) the position of a back on a football team, generally larger in size than halfbacks


(American football) the position of a back on a football team, generally smaller in size than a fullback


(American football) the position of the offensive back on a football team who lines up farthest from the line of scrimmage


(American football) the position of the offensive back who lines up behind or outside the end


(American football) the position of the player on the line of scrimmage who puts the ball in play

it is a center's responsibility to get the football to the quarterback


(American football) a position on the line of scrimmage between the center and the tackles


(American football) a position on the line of scrimmage, typically opposite one of the offensive guards


(American football) a position on the line of scrimmage, designating players at each end of the defensive line


the fielding position in cricket closest to the bowler on the off side


the fielding position in cricket closest to the bowler on the on side


the position on a hockey team of the player who participates in the face off at the beginning of the game


work, such as schoolwork or piecework, that is done at home


a school task requiring considerable effort


the part of a student's work that is done in the classroom


preparatory school work done outside school (especially at home)


a period of instruction learning a language


a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding

you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook


the reading of a passage assigned by the teacher


a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces)


oewn-guard_duty-n oewn-guard-n oewn-sentry_duty-n oewn-sentry_go-n


labor of a nonmilitary kind done by soldiers (cleaning or digging or draining or so on)

the soldiers were put on fatigue to teach them a lesson


the organized work of a religious missionary


a special assignment that is given to a person or group


an extremely dangerous or difficult mission


killing or injuring others while annihilating yourself; usually accomplished with a bomb


a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission


the detachment of a person from their regular organization for temporary assignment elsewhere


trivial, unrewarding, tedious, dirty, and disagreeable chores


oewn-wrongdoing-n oewn-wrongful_conduct-n oewn-misconduct-n oewn-actus_reus-n

activity that transgresses moral or civil law


the activity of treating someone savagely or viciously


oewn-trespass-n oewn-encroachment-n oewn-violation-n oewn-intrusion-n oewn-usurpation-n

entry to another's property without right or permission


they made inroads in the United States market


(law) any wrongdoing for which an action for damages may be brought


a tort based on willful and malicious interference with the marriage relation by a third party without justification or excuse


the wrongful intrusion by individuals or the government into private affairs with which the public has no concern


a wrongful interference with the possession of property (personal property as well as realty), or the action instituted to recover damages


trespass that is not transient or intermittent but continues as long as the offending object remains

dumping his garbage on my land was a case of continuing trespass


an action brought to recover damages from a person who has taken goods or property from its rightful owner


an action brought to recover damages from a person whose actions have resulted indirectly in injury or loss

a person struck by a log as it was thrown onto a road could maintain trespass against the thrower but one who was hurt by stumbling over it could maintain and action on the case


the defendant unlawfully enters the land of the plaintiff


trespass with force and arms resulting in injury to another's person or property


an antisocial misdeed in violation of the law by a minor


oewn-mischief-n oewn-mischief-making-n oewn-mischievousness-n oewn-deviltry-n oewn-devilry-n oewn-devilment-n oewn-rascality-n oewn-roguery-n oewn-roguishness-n oewn-shenanigan-n

reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others


oewn-familiarity-n oewn-impropriety-n oewn-indecorum-n oewn-liberty-n


behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality


the perverse act of exposing and attracting attention to your own genitals


sexual arousal or gratification resulting from handling a fetish (or a specific part of the body other than the sexual organs)


a perversion in which a person receives sexual gratification from seeing the genitalia of others or witnessing others' sexual behavior


a failure to act when under an obligation to do so; a refusal (without sufficient excuse) to do that which it is your legal duty to do


oewn-negligence-n oewn-carelessness-n oewn-neglect-n oewn-nonperformance-n

failure to act with the prudence that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances


(law) negligence allocated between the plaintiff and the defendant with a corresponding reduction in damages paid to the plaintiff


(law) negligence of two of more persons acting independently; the plaintiff may sue both together or separately


(law) behavior by the plaintiff that contributes to the harm resulting from the defendant's negligence

in common law any degree of contributory negligence would bar the plaintiff from collecting damages


(law) recklessly acting without reasonable caution and putting another person at risk of injury or death (or failing to do something with the same consequences)


nonperformance of something distasteful (as by deceit or trickery) that you are supposed to do

his evasion of his clear duty was reprehensible


a form of behavior that evades unpleasant realities


evading duty or work by pretending to be incapacitated

they developed a test to detect malingering


oewn-shirking-n oewn-slacking-n oewn-soldiering-n oewn-goofing_off-n oewn-goldbricking-n


the deliberate failure to pay taxes (usually by making a false report)


doing a proper act in a wrongful or injurious manner


a wrongful act that the actor had no right to do; improper professional conduct

he charged them with electoral malpractices


professional wrongdoing that results in injury or damage

the widow sued her surgeon for malpractice


the action of perverting something (turning it to a wrong use)


useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly

if the effort brings no compensating gain it is a waste


the senator said that the project was a waste of money


the devotion of time to a useless activity


oewn-extravagance-n oewn-prodigality-n oewn-lavishness-n oewn-highlife-n oewn-high_life-n


spending resources lavishly and wastefully

more wasteful than the squandering of time


prodigious squandering (usually by a government)


any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right


wrongdoing that violates another's rights and is unjustly inflicted


an act that causes someone or something to receive physical damage


oewn-injustice-n oewn-unfairness-n oewn-iniquity-n oewn-shabbiness-n


the action of going beyond or overstepping some boundary or limit


the act of transgressing; the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle

the boy was punished for the transgressions of his father


an action that is vicious or vile; an action that arouses disgust or abhorrence

his treatment of the children is an abomination


oewn-evil-n oewn-immorality-n oewn-wickedness-n oewn-iniquity-n


unfair or dishonest behavior (especially involving violence)


the evil ascribed to sexual acts that violate social conventions

sexual immorality is the major reason for last year's record number of abortions


oewn-profanation-n oewn-desecration-n oewn-blasphemy-n oewn-sacrilege-n

blasphemous behavior; the act of depriving something of its sacred character


a corrupt or depraved or degenerate act or practice

the various turpitudes of modern society


vice offends the moral standards of the community


oewn-pornography-n oewn-porno-n oewn-porn-n oewn-erotica-n oewn-smut-n

creative activity (writing or pictures or films etc.) of no literary or artistic value other than to stimulate sexual desire


the illegal use of children in pornographic pictures or films


excess in action and immoderate indulgence of bodily appetites, especially in passion or indulgence


oewn-profligacy-n oewn-dissipation-n oewn-dissolution-n oewn-licentiousness-n oewn-looseness-n

dissolute indulgence in sensual pleasure


oewn-drink-n oewn-drinking-n oewn-boozing-n oewn-drunkenness-n oewn-crapulence-n

the act of drinking alcoholic beverages to excess


a tour arranged by a travel agent; transportation and food and lodging are all provided at an inclusive price


a tour of bars or public houses (usually taking one drink at each stop)


a tour by a candidate as part of a political campaign in which a series of small towns are visited

in 1948 Truman crossed the country several times on his whistle-stop tours


lack of honesty; acts of lying or cheating or stealing


oewn-treachery-n oewn-betrayal-n oewn-treason-n oewn-perfidy-n


a betrayal of one's principles principles, country, cause, etc.


oewn-plagiarism-n oewn-plagiarization-n oewn-plagiarisation-n oewn-piracy-n

the act of plagiarizing; taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own


an attempt to get you to do something foolish or imprudent


the act of rendering something false as by fraudulent changes (of documents or measures etc.) or counterfeiting


an act that incriminates someone on a false charge


oewn-distortion-n oewn-overrefinement-n oewn-straining-n oewn-torture-n oewn-twisting-n

the act of distorting something so it seems to mean something it was not intended to mean


falsification by means of vague or ambiguous language


the deliberate act of deviating from the truth


a trivial act of lying or being deliberately unclear


the act of faking (or the product of faking)


oewn-deception-n oewn-deceit-n oewn-dissembling-n oewn-dissimulation-n


deceitful action that is not straightforward

he could see through the indirections of diplomats


oewn-trickery-n oewn-chicanery-n oewn-chicane-n oewn-guile-n oewn-wile-n oewn-shenanigan-n

the use of tricks to deceive someone (usually to extract money from them)


acting in bad faith; deception by pretending to entertain one set of intentions while acting under the influence of another


falsification by the use of sophistry; misleading by means of specious fallacies

he practiced the art of sophistication upon reason


oewn-fraud-n oewn-fraudulence-n oewn-dupery-n oewn-hoax-n oewn-humbug-n oewn-put-on-n

something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage


anything that is supposed to be valuable but turns out to be worthless


artful trickery designed to achieve an end

the senator's tax program was mere jugglery


an act of gerrymandering (dividing a voting area so as to give your own party an unfair advantage)


the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas

She has a delusion that she is being spied on.


oewn-pretense-n oewn-pretence-n oewn-pretending-n oewn-simulation-n oewn-feigning-n


pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression


oewn-affectation-n oewn-mannerism-n oewn-pose-n oewn-affectedness-n

a deliberate pretense or exaggerated display


the actor struck just the right attitude


an affectation of radical left-wing views and the fashionable dress and lifestyle that goes with them


a deliberate act intended to make something obscure


the act of bluffing in poker; deception by a false show of confidence in the strength of your cards


the act of taking in as by fooling or cheating or swindling someone


a lapse into sin; a loss of innocence or of chastity


an act that is regarded by theologians as a transgression of God's will


a sin committed of your own free will (as contrasted with original sin)


a sin said to be inherited by all descendants of Adam

Adam and Eve committed the original sin when they ate the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden


an unpardonable sin entailing a total loss of grace


a pardonable sin regarded as entailing only a partial loss of grace


unreasonable and inordinate self-esteem (personified as one of the deadly sins)


spite and resentment at seeing the success of another (personified as one of the deadly sins)


oewn-avarice-n oewn-greed-n oewn-covetousness-n oewn-rapacity-n oewn-avaritia-n

reprehensible acquisitiveness; insatiable desire for wealth (personified as one of the deadly sins)


apathy and inactivity in the practice of virtue (personified as one of the deadly sins)


oewn-wrath-n oewn-anger-n oewn-ire-n oewn-ira-n

belligerence aroused by a real or supposed wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins)


eating to excess (personified as one of the deadly sins)


self-indulgent sexual desire (personified as one of the deadly sins)


the use of extreme fear in order to coerce people (especially for political reasons)


the calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear


terrorism using the weapons of biological warfare


terrorism using the chemical agents of chemical warfare; can undermine the personal security of citizens

a good agent for chemical terrorism should be colorless and odorless and inexpensive and readily available and not detectable until symptoms are experienced


an assault on electronic communication networks


terrorism practiced in your own country against your own people

the 1995 bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City was an instance of domestic terrorism


oewn-ecoterrorism-n oewn-ecological_terrorism-n oewn-eco-warfare-n oewn-ecological_warfare-n

violence carried out to further the political or social objectives of the environmentalists


terrorism practiced in a foreign country by terrorists who are not native to that country


the financing of terrorist activities by participation in the drug trade


the use of a nuclear device by a terrorist organization to cause massive devastation or the use (or threat of use) of fissionable radioactive materials

assaults on nuclear power plants is one form of nuclear terrorism


terrorism practiced by a government against its own people or in support of international terrorism


the offense of vexatiously persisting in inciting lawsuits and quarrels


an unethical agreement between an attorney and client that the attorney would sue and pay the costs of the client's suit in return for a portion of the damages awarded

soliciting personal injury cases may constitute champerty


the unauthorized interference in a legal action by a person having no interest in it (as by helping one party with money or otherwise to continue the action) so as to obstruct justice or promote unnecessary litigation or unsettle the peace of the community

unlike champerty, criminal maintenance does not necessarily involve personal profit


a transgression that constitutes a violation of what is judged to be right


oewn-crime-n oewn-criminal_offense-n oewn-criminal_offence-n oewn-law-breaking-n

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act


an evil act not necessarily punishable by law


some transgression committed with the assistance of someone trusted by the victim

the police decided that the crime was an inside job


a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who appears to be able to cause bodily harm if not stopped


a reckless attack with intent to injure seriously (as with a deadly weapon)


an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact


a crime so serious that capital punishment is considered appropriate


crime committed using a computer and the internet to steal a person's identity or sell contraband or stalk victims or disrupt operations with malevolent programs


a serious crime (such as murder or arson)


criminal falsification by making or altering an instrument with intent to defraud


intentional deception resulting in injury to another person


(maritime law) a fraudulent breach of duty by the master of a ship that injures the owner of the ship or its cargo; includes every breach of trust such as stealing or sinking or deserting the ship or embezzling the cargo


(Islam) serious crimes committed by Muslims and punishable by punishments established in the Koran

Had crimes include apostasy from Islam and murder and theft and adultery


seizure of a vehicle in transit either to rob it or divert it to an alternate destination


the willful and unlawful crippling or mutilation of another person


oewn-misdemeanor-n oewn-misdemeanour-n oewn-infraction-n oewn-violation-n oewn-infringement-n


an act that disregards an agreement or a right

he claimed a violation of his rights under the Fifth Amendment


a violation of the rights secured by a copyright


an act that violates the rules of a sport


a foul that involves unnecessarily rough contact (as in basketball or football)


(basketball) a foul that can be assessed on a player or a coach or a team for unsportsmanlike conduct; does not usually involve physical contact during play


violation of the rights secured by a patent


oewn-disorderly_conduct-n oewn-disorderly_behavior-n oewn-disturbance_of_the_peace-n oewn-breach_of_the_peace-n

any act of molesting, interrupting, hindering, agitating, or arousing from a state of repose or otherwise depriving inhabitants of the peace and quiet to which they are entitled


(law) an offense involving intent to defraud and false representation and obtaining property as a result of that misrepresentation


vulgar and offensive nakedness in a public place


criminal offense of making false statements under oath


physical efforts to oppose a lawful arrest; the resistance is classified as assault and battery upon the person of the police officer attempting to make the arrest


an illegal action inciting resistance to lawful authority and tending to cause the disruption or overthrow of the government


the act of subjecting someone to unwanted or improper sexual advances or activity (especially women or children)


oewn-rape-n oewn-violation-n oewn-assault-n oewn-ravishment-n

the crime of forcing a person to submit to sexual intercourse against his or her will


rape in which the rapist is known to the victim (as when they are on a date together)


oewn-sexual_assault-n oewn-sexual_abuse-n oewn-sex_crime-n oewn-sex_offense-n

a statutory offense that provides that it is a crime to knowingly cause another person to engage in an unwanted sexual act by force or threat

most states have replaced the common law definition of rape with statutes defining sexual assault


(Islam) minor crimes committed by Muslims; crimes that are not mentioned in the Koran so judges are free to punish the offender in any appropriate way

in some Islamic nations Tazir crimes are set by legislation


oewn-statutory_offense-n oewn-statutory_offence-n oewn-regulatory_offense-n oewn-regulatory_offence-n

crimes created by statutes and not by common law


the offense of marrying someone while you have a living spouse from whom no valid divorce has occurred


the criminal act of capturing and carrying away by force a family member; if a man's wife is abducted it is a crime against the family relationship and against the wife


(law) the unlawful act of capturing and carrying away a person against their will and holding them in false imprisonment


an illegal enterprise (such as extortion or fraud or drug peddling or prostitution) carried on for profit


the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit advantage


the crime of a judge whose judgment is influenced by bribery


bribery of a purchasing agent in order to induce the agent to enter into a transaction


oewn-embezzlement-n oewn-peculation-n oewn-defalcation-n oewn-misapplication-n oewn-misappropriation-n

the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property entrusted to your care but actually owned by someone else


the co-option of another person's personal information (e.g., name, Social Security number, credit card number, passport) without that person's knowledge and the fraudulent use of such knowledge


an attempt by speculators to defraud investors


the act of plundering (especially the embezzlement of goods on shipboard)


misrepresentation or alteration of the true results of an election


comprises all acts or omissions or concealments involving breach of equitable or legal duty or trust or confidence


fraud that prevents a party from knowing their rights or from having a fair opportunity of presenting them at trial


actual deceit; concealing something or making a false representation with an evil intent to cause injury to another


fraud that is presumed from the circumstances although the one who commits it need not have had any evil intent


fraud that arises from a disparity between the instrument intended to be executed and the instrument actually executed; e.g., leading someone to sign the wrong contract


fraud which intentionally causes a person to execute an instrument or make an agreement or render a judgment; e.g., misleading someone about the true facts


fraud (as by use of forged documents or false claims or perjury) that misleads a court or jury and induces a finding for the one perpetrating the fraud


oewn-bunco-n oewn-bunco_game-n oewn-bunko-n oewn-bunko_game-n oewn-con-n oewn-confidence_trick-n oewn-confidence_game-n oewn-con_game-n oewn-hustle-n oewn-sting-n oewn-flimflam-n

a swindle in which you cheat at gambling or persuade a person to buy worthless property


(sometimes offensive) an act of swindling or cheating


a complicated confidence game planned and executed with great care (especially an operation implemented by undercover agents to apprehend criminals)


a fraudulent business practice involving some form of pyramid scheme e.g., the chain of distribution is artificially expanded by an excessive number of distributors selling to other distributors at progressively higher wholesale prices until retail prices are unnecessarily inflated


oewn-swindle-n oewn-cheat-n oewn-rig-n oewn-fraud-n

the act of swindling by some fraudulent scheme


the act of hiding playing cards in a gambling game so they are available for personal use later


a swindling sleight-of-hand game; victim guesses which of three things a pellet is under


oewn-larceny-n oewn-theft-n oewn-thievery-n oewn-thieving-n oewn-stealing-n

the act of taking something from someone unlawfully

the thieving is awful at Kennedy International


the act of stealing small amounts or small articles


the act of stealing goods that are on display in a store

shrinkage is the retail trade's euphemism for shoplifting


oewn-armed_robbery-n oewn-heist-n oewn-holdup-n oewn-stickup-n


a crime that undermines the offender's government


an act that is legally a crime but that seem to have no victims

he considers prostitution to be a victimless crime


a crime committed in wartime; violation of rules of war


biological theft; illegal collection of indigenous plants by corporations who patent them for their own use


the gang pulled off a bank job in St. Louis


robbery of a traveller or vehicle in transit or seizing control of a vehicle by the use of force


robbery of travellers on or near a public road


hijacking on the high seas or in similar contexts; taking a ship or plane away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it


he was charged with rolling drunks in the park


larceny of property having a value greater than some amount (the amount varies by locale)


larceny of property having a value less than some amount (the amount varies by locale)


failure to declare income in order to avoid paying taxes on it


the felonious act of extorting money (as by threats of violence)


extortion of money by threats to divulge discrediting information


payment extorted by gangsters on threat of violence

every store in the neighborhood had to pay him protection


entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable property


trespassing for an unlawful purpose; illegal entrance into premises with criminal intent


burglary of a dwelling while the residents are at home


a venture by a partnership or conglomerate designed to share risk or expertise

a joint venture between the film companies to produce TV shows


a joint venture between a foreign company and a United States company


as an experiment he decided to grow a beard


oewn-attempt-n oewn-effort-n oewn-endeavor-n oewn-endeavour-n oewn-try-n

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

made an effort to cover all the reading material


oewn-crack-n oewn-fling-n oewn-go-n oewn-pass-n oewn-whirl-n oewn-offer-n


an initial attempt (especially outside your usual areas of competence)


the effort contributed by a person in bringing about a result

I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project


the attempt to achieve equal rights or status


an aggressive attempt to compel acquiescence by the concentration or manipulation of power

she laughed at this sexual power play and walked away


informal words for any attempt or effort


oewn-striving-n oewn-nisus-n oewn-pains-n oewn-strain-n


an energetic attempt to achieve something

getting through the crowd was a real struggle


any struggle between two skillful opponents (individuals or groups)


an unceremonious and disorganized struggle


acquisition of a company by purchasing a controlling percentage of its stock


an acquisition based on analysis of the benefits of consolidation in anticipation of increased earning power


a change by sale or merger in the controlling interest of a corporation


resistance to or defense against a hostile takeover


an attempt to take control of a corporation


an offer to buy shares in order to take over the company


a takeover bid where the acquirer offers to pay more for the shares needed to gain control than for the remaining shares


a takeover bid where the acquirer offers to buy any and all shares outstanding


a takeover that is resisted by the management of the target company


a takeover that is welcomed by the management of the target company


in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately


a quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components; frequently used to test for the presence or concentration of infectious agents or antibodies etc.


an assay that relies on an enzymatic conversion reaction and is used to detect the presence of specific substances (such as enzymes or viruses or antibodies or bacteria)


an assay that shows specific antigens in tissues by the use of markers that are either fluorescent dyes or enzymes (such as horseradish peroxidase)


a rigorously controlled test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on human subjects; in the United States it is conducted under the direction of the FDA before being made available for general clinical use


a clinical trial on a few persons to determine the safety of a new drug or invasive medical device; for drugs, dosage or toxicity limits should be obtained


a clinical trial on more persons than in phase I; intended to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment for the condition it is intended to treat; possible side effects are monitored


a large clinical trial of a treatment or drug that in phase I and phase II has been shown to be efficacious with tolerable side effects; after successful conclusion of these clinical trials it will receive formal approval from the FDA


sometimes the FDA approves a drug for general use but requires the manufacturer to continue to monitor its effects; during this phase the drug may be tried on slightly different patient populations than those studied in earlier trials


a test procedure in which the identity of those receiving the intervention is concealed from both the administrators and the subjects until after the test is completed; designed to reduce or eliminate bias in the results


a laboratory test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on animal subjects; conducted to gather evidence justifying a clinical trial


a test of the suitability of a performer


a filmed audition of an actor or actress


a test of young hunting dogs to determine their skill in pointing and retrieving


putting clothes on to see whether they fit


a compulsory annual test of older motor vehicles for safety and exhaust fumes


they funded a pilot project in six states


dull or routine preliminary work preparing for an undertaking


work paid for at a rate per unit of time


oewn-undertaking-n oewn-project-n oewn-task-n oewn-labor-n oewn-labour-n

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted


oewn-adventure-n oewn-escapade-n oewn-risky_venture-n oewn-dangerous_undertaking-n

a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)


an undertaking that you have been assigned to do (as by an instructor)


a project of personal concern to someone


a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

he had doubts about the whole enterprise


productive work performed voluntarily without material reward or compensation


securing adequate funding is a time-consuming proposition


finishing in time was a tall order but we did it


any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome


oewn-campaign-n oewn-cause-n oewn-crusade-n oewn-drive-n oewn-movement-n oewn-effort-n

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end


a campaign against entering or continuing a war


a campaign of flattery and friendliness (by a company, politician, etc.) to become more popular and gain support


a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers


oewn-campaigning-n oewn-candidacy-n oewn-candidature-n oewn-electioneering-n oewn-political_campaign-n

the campaign of a candidate to be elected


a campaign in which the candidate makes speeches but does not travel

William McKinley's dignified front-porch campaign won him the presidency in 1896


the activities involved in political campaigning (especially speech making)


a campaign to raise money for some cause


oewn-feminist_movement-n oewn-feminism-n oewn-women-ap-s_liberation_movement-n oewn-women-ap-s_lib-n

the movement aimed at equal rights for women


the movement aimed at liberating homosexuals from legal or social or economic oppression


a defeated cause or a cause for which defeat is inevitable


a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices

the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians


a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious


political or religious or social reform movement or agitation consisting chiefly of young people