A chemical ligation method for building of DNA-encoded small-molecule libraries has been developed. hydrolase. In the past decade DNA-encoding of small molecule libraries offers emerged as an attractive strategy for the finding of novel ligands to biological focuses on1 2 3 4 Due to advances in the throughput of DNA-sequencing DNA-encoding allows the interrogation of vast numbers of compounds exceeding by orders of magnitudes the Rabbit polyclonal to ETNK1. capacity of traditional “one compound per well” testing methods5 6 7 8 9 10 Encoding strategies can be divided into two groups: DNA-directed methods in which synthetic Triciribine phosphate chemistry is programmed by DNA complementarity; and DNA-recording methods in which the encoding oligonucleotide is built during the library synthesis so that the synthetic history of each molecule is recorded in its DNA strand. DNA-recording methods require the iterative building of both the chemical library users and the encoding oligonucleotide. In the original reports of DNA-encoding from the early 1990’s the encoding DNA was built using solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis with phoshoramidite building blocks11 12 In 1995 however Kinoshita and Nishigaki launched the concept of the enzymatic ligation of encoding oligonucleotide “tags”13. They showed how iterative ligation could be employed to create an oligonucleotide that encodes successive combinatorial methods. Since that time the various organizations operating DNA-recorded technology have reported enzymatic building of the DNA; both ligase- and polymerase-based methods have been explained14 15 Recent reports from Brown El-Sagheer and Tavassolli have shown that oligonucleotides comprising a triazole linkage in place of a phosphodiester are proficient substrates for PCR and thus could provide a “readable” encoding sequence16 17 18 19 Based on these results and our prior encounter with Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) of oligos20 we pondered whether a readable chemical ligation strategy might present some advantages over the current enzymatic methods. Chemical ligation using CuAAC might present more flexibility in terms of ligation conditions and sequence design since CuAAC is a famously robust reaction and sticky ends would not be needed. Triciribine phosphate Earlier work experienced qualitatively demonstrated that triazole-containing oligonucleotides could be amplified by PCR and that a triazole-containing plasmid could be translated in living bacteria17 18 or human being cells19; direct quantitation of read-through effectiveness was not reported. For library encoding purposes the most efficient possible read-through is required as the sampling depth of the Triciribine phosphate selection output will be directly dependent on the read-through effectiveness. An inefficient read-through process would lead to over-weighting of the few “lucky” sequences that were successfully prolonged and/or amplified early in the PCR. We wanted to quantify the read-through yield and determine the proportion of the “stalled” product if present. Initial results using denaturing gel electrophoresis and a fluorescently labeled primer offered inconsistent results. We could not rule out incomplete denaturation as the source of fluorescent transmission in high MW bands. Consequently we designed the plan demonstrated in Fig. 1. The advantage of this approach was the removal of the triazole-linked template strand which simplified subsequent LCMS analysis of the primer extension products. Number 1 Study of polymerase read-through of solitary triazole junction. Oligonucleotide 3 (observe Table 1) Triciribine phosphate was synthesized using a CuAAC ligation followed by biotin labeling of the 5?-amine linker (Fig. 1). Triciribine phosphate We designed a Cy-5 labeled 17-mer primer 4 that was complementary to the 3?-terminal region of 3 and could undergo extension by a DNA polymerase. A 20 foundation region separated the end of the primer and the triazole linkage. If the DNA polymerization reaction stopped in the triazole the primer extension reaction would add 20 nucleotides whereas successful read-through would add 37 nucleotides. Table 1 Oligonucleotides used in this study. With oligos 3 and 4 in hand we set out to assess numerous DNA Triciribine phosphate polymerases for his or her ability to read through the triazole linkage. The “stalled” product 5 and the full length product 6 were very easily resolved by HPLC and recognized on.