The Wintu are Wunuan speakers (Wintu, Nomalaki and Patwin) one of the Penutian languages (Brandt and Davis-Kimball xix). The Wintu speakers, relatively latecomers "migrated into California from southwestern Oregon about 1200 years ago" displacing the Hokan speakers (Chase-Dunn, Clewett, and Sundahl). Moratto specifically states that the Wintu moved north from the Cottonwood area into the "upper Sacramento and Trinity River drainages" sometime between 1,100 and 1,000 years ago (562).
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