Cases in comparative politics
Various countries have different culture, religion, and economic approach. However, the success of these countries depends on the keenness and suitability of the leadership approach used to govern these aspects. China and India are good examples that portray this phenomenon. In this regard, China has achieved a milestone success in handling its social and cultural differences through unifying the diverse ethnic groups, the adoption of democracy and Communism has help it to overcome economic and development challenges that are faced by federal run governments such as India. China has governed and controlled the use of technology for its development and is reflected in the increased trade and improved operation systems as opposed to India where technology has created challenges in terms of cybercrimes. China has played a significant role in harmonizing the religious and ethnic differences among its people and as such its politics are not determined along ethnic groups. Therefore, the paper focuses on the key aspects such as gender differences, political and leadership system, religion, culture, and economic approaches that explain the differences between institution development, equality, and liberty in China and India.
India is a country whose native have staunch beliefs in religion. The main faith groups in India are Muslims, Buddhism and Hindus and more than eighty percent of the Indians are guided by the principles acquired from religion (O’Neil et al, 492). However, the religion adopted by India has dehumanized the position of women in the society. Additionally, the India society perceives women as inferior being by treating her as sex object. In fact, most women are subject to mistreatments such as rape, exploitative employments and family violence (O’Neil et al, 492). This is affirmed by the increasing cases of rapes and violence that women are subjected. This is also reflected on how a 23 years old college student was abducted raped and later died from extensive injuries due to vivacious attack (O’Neil et al, 495). Most importantly, the mistreatment of women is also portrayed in how young women are handled by the judicial system. Rather than helping the dehumanized victims to get justice, the security personnel are advising young women to comply with the sexual desires of men. This is portrayed on how a 17-year old girl who was subjected to gang rape committed suicide after the security personnel persuaded her to marry the rapist and drop the charges (O’Neil et al, 495).
On the other hand, China social construct and religious of Confucianism has improved the position of women in the society. In fact, China for a long time has appreciated the role of women in the society as seen in the monarchial leadership (O’Neil et al, 487). Additionally, the adoption of communism whereby the dignity of every person is respected has helped to improve the perception of women in the society. China has adopted an education system with an aim of eradicating poor social construct and achieves equality among its gender (O’Neil et al, 461). This has helped to eliminate dehumanizing and mistreatment of women in the society. Though a significant effort has help to escalate the adoption of Buddhism is China, the position of women has not been jeopardized. This implies that the India social norms, religion and judicial services are radicalized towards dehumanizing women. The education system, policy of communism, historical monarchial system, and Chinese religion has helped to elevate the perception of women in the society (O’Neil et al, 460).
The political system used in the two countries is another issue of concern that hasgreatly influenced their social wellbeing and political stability. The federal political system adopted by India is coupled with challenges. In fact, the India political system is referred as common man party (O’Neil et al, 496). The way the India government is run has raised issues of concern that have stirred frustration and anger among its populace (O’Neil et al, 496). The government of India is characterized with endemic public corruption, and gender discrimination. This explains the increasing political scandals, and increasing political movement aimed at mobilizing the Indian civil society (O’Neil et al, 495). These challenges have been detrimental towards establishing credible and transparent public institutions, eligible public servants and gender equality. The poor governance in India is also reflected in ever increasing scandals and embezzlement of public funds. For instance, $40 billion scandal in the licensing of the insider deals, no bids contracts and under the table deals that lead to delay and huge cost of overrun of the 2010 commonwealth games (O’Neil et al, 496).
Communism a political and economic system adopted by China seems to be favoring the country’s wellbeing. Since the adoption of this policy in 2003, China has not only significantly increased its GDP and international trades but also has been able to eradicate social vices such as gender inequality, corruption, unemployment and territorial insecurity (O’Neil et al, 448). In this case, it is clear that as the Federal system has significantly deteriorated the performance of the Indian government. On the other hand, the communism policy has helped China to not only become a key economic giant but also a militia superpower. Furthermore, communism has helped China to eradicate it poverty levels far much better than India. This is affirmed by the fact that both China and India were at the same economic level in 1940s, however; the leadership and economic policy adopted by China has helped it to escalate its economic position far much better compared to India (O’Neil et al, 497).
India is a country that has heavily invested in technology and periodical research writing and publication. In fact, the India civil society is characterized with democracy of not only voting but also expression through writing and other telecommunication platforms (O’Neil et al, 497). The Indian politics heavily depends on communal interests groups that articulate for the interest of religious, ethnic and cast groups’ interests. Though India is a democratic country, its politics are carried out along religious bases with the key groups including; Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs (O’Neil et al, 496). These groups act as platform through which political interests are represented. More so, traditional divisions have significant contribution towards Indian civil society. Therefore, the leadership in India is based on religious lines whereby regions with tyranny of number are able to elect their candidates to power, initiate development and embezzle public resources.
China politics are also affected by the religion groups. In fact, some Chinese leadership aspects are based on traditional religious philosophy such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism (O’Neil et al, 452). Actually, Islam among other ethnic religions has a greater contribution in Xinjian conflicts. Therefore, as the country endeavor in becoming one of the vested global systems, ethnic minority is a key and powerful destabilizing force (O’Neil et al, 448). This implies that ethnic differences in China are issues of concern that ought to be handling with care. Thus, managing Chinese ethnic differences is of utmost importance. In fact, failure to harmonize ethnic groups this has led to crushes and under-development of certain areas in China.
Media is one of the civil societies that have been greatly adopted in India. The media in this country enjoys a wide democracy since it enjoys a significant degree of political and editorial freedom (O’Neil et al, 498). Additionally, the TVs and radio station are subjected to critical governance, control and scrutiny since it has a greater influence on the country stability. Moreover, the use of social media has facilitated e-commerce development in India. The advancement of technology in India is reflected in the electronic voting system that has simplified the voting process in the country. However, this has increased cases of cybercrimes.
China is one of the leading technology manufactures in the world. Technology in China has served a greater role towards escalating the country economy development. Chinese technology and media is handled with critical care and cases of cybercrimes rarely occur. The technology of Chine is used by most countries since it is Cheap to install and maintain, effective and suits most countries need (O’Neil et al, 474). Chinese technology has helped to reduce the cost of manufacturing, improve the living standards, and has facilitated government administration. Most of the Chinese economy depends on technology.
In conclusion, BesidesIndia being a federal and china being a democratic country, ethnicity, region and other cultural aspects have a greater impact on how these countries are governed.In this case, Chia has achieved a milestone success compared to India. This is because China adopted democracy and communism favors its development since it articulates for equality, social liberty, quality public service, economic development, and harmonizing the social interest of citizens. In fact, China politics are hardly affected by religion differences and ethnicity. On the contrary, Federal governing system adopted by India is couple with a number of challenges including corruption, gender inequality, and disparity development. In this case, Indian politics are based on religion and ethnicity. Social prejudice is also reflected in how women are mistreated in social and public services. Technologyhas significant impact the governing of these countries and their development levels.Thus, social set up and policies adopted by both china and India are key determinants of their political, social and economic positions.
O’Neil, Patrick H, Karl J. Fields, and Donald Share. Cases in Comparative Politics. New York: Norton, 2006. Print.