NFS root file system How to remove
If you have the nfs root file system installed on your computer, this guide will help you fix this.
The root = / dev / nfs directive tells Linux to instantiate the virtual device / dev / nfs as the root file system. The instruction rootfstype = nfs tells Linux that the root file system has an NFS variant. The ip = dhcp directive tells Linux to get an IP address by requesting it from a DHCP server.
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StatelessLinux - NFS Root
NOTE: Most of this information is probably out of date and should be fully reviewed / revised. Note that it is also suggested to modify / etc / sysconfig / mkinitrd, which is not the case for a stateless environment.
Each PXE client boots up (i.e. gets its loader location). a DHCP request, which in turn loads the kernel and initrd via TFTP) and exposes its root file system via NFS.
To make the client an NFS directory exported as The root file system, it must have an initrd that can do this. initrd should load the appropriate network card driver and initialize it A device with DHCP and mounting a root file system with the correct NFS Server and export.
First you must make the appropriate kernel and initrd available to
pxelinux and create a
pxelinux configuration file that points to it:
Finally, configure the client BIOS to boot through PXE
Find out how he uses DHCP to configure his network card and determine its location.
pxelinux with TFTP
pxelinux configuration file, load the kernel and initrd and run it
This makes the root file system accessible via NFS.
RFC 4578 defines the DHCP parameter "Type of client system architecture." If the PXE client requests the x86_64-efi binary (type 0x7) in the above configuration, we give it accordingly, otherwise the old binary is used. Thus, legacy UEFI and BIOS clients can be run simultaneously on the same network segment.
Network Attached Storage
The main difference between using NFS and NBD is that both clients can actually use the same installation. In NBD (due to direct manipulation of the file system), you must use the
copyonwrite mode for this, which will delete all entries when the client is disconnected. However, in some situations this can be very desirable.
Next, we create a complete installation of Arch Linux in a subdirectory on the server. During the boot process, the diskless client receives the IP address from the DHCP server, then boots from PXE from the host and provides this setting as the root user.
Set Up The Directory
Create a sparse file with a size of at least 1 gigabyte and create the btrfs file system in it (you, of course, can use a real block or LVM device if you want).
Install DownloadInitialization of NFSv4 requires trivial
changes in the
net hook (
nfsmount is not supported - the default setting for
Unfortunately, a copy of
net is required so that it is not overwritten when updating mkinitcpio-nfs-utils during client installation.
Then you should add
nbd to the
HOOKS table after
net will configure your network for you, but will not try to mount NFS unless
nfsroot is specified in the kernel line.
In addition to the configuration mentioned here, you must also configure the host name, time zone, regional settings and keyboard, as well as follow all other appropriate Parts of the installation manual.
Fortunately, grub-mknetdir creates prefixes for all currently compiled / set goals, and Grub managers were kind enough to provide us both in the same package. Therefore, grub-mknetdir should be run only once.
GRUB dark-magic sets
root = (tftp, 10.0.0.1) automatically, so that the kernel and initramfs are transmitted via TFTP without additional configuration, although you can specify this explicitly if you want, so that others do not have TFTP menu items.
Additional Attachment Points
At a later start, you should switch the mount of the root file system to
rw and enable
compress = lzo to significantly improve disk performance compared to NFS.
For example, you can provide
/ var / log as tmpfs so that logs from multiple hosts are not unpredictably confused, even from
/ var / spool / cups , so that 20 boxes with the same coil did not fight each other, completed 1498 print jobs and ate a lot of paper (or, even worse: a toner cartridge) overnight.
It is best to configure the software for a state / database so that unique state / database storage directories are used for each host. For example, if you want to run Puppet, you can simply use the identifier
% H in the doll module file:
If none of these approaches works, the last reasonable option is to create a systemd generator that creates a mount device specific to the current host (unfortunately, specifiers are not allowed on mount devices).
Launching A Client
This makes things especially interesting when it comes to kernel updates. You cannot mount the client file system when starting the client. However, this also means that to create it, you must use a separate kernel from the client file system.
Setting Up TFTP And NFS Root File Systems Boot In Parallella
This guide describes how to configure Parallella U-Boot to boot over the network via TFTP.
It also describes how to configure the root file system (rootfs) via NFS so that Parallella pShe worked as a “fat client”.
For general information on a TFTP submarine, refer to The Submarine's Manual
The following is based on the original Scott Johnson blog article , which describes how the Parallella cluster is using TFTP / NFS, however, has been optimized - mainly to minimize the need to change / update underwater variables on the serial / UART cable and increase flexibility through the use of PC editors and storage.
By editing the startup script on the TFTP server (and restarting), Parallella can be reconfigured in a different startup mode (without headphones, HDMI) and / or in a different root file system (Ubuntu, Debian, Nano) - all without this you need to “burn” another SD Parallella card (maybe never ..?).
Alternative root file systems: Parallella may have alternative Linux root file systems with different configurations or versions. Other root file systems (such as Ubuntu, Linaro Nano, with / without SDK) are similar to burning and loading multiple SD cards.
Common root File systems. The root file system directory on the NFS server can also be used by several Parallellas, for example, a B. in a cluster. One of the many advantages is saving server space and, above all (!), The fact that SD cards do not need to be replicated for each member of the cluster.
Cloning and modifying NFS directories for use by other Parallellas is also easier and faster: just copy the directories to the NFS server (and possibly change some files).
Adapt the following example to your needs.
Configure IP Addresses Using DHCP
Assign IP addresses to the Parallella (s) and TFTP / NFS servers of your DHCP server according to the MAC address. The Parallella MAC address is printed on the map, as well as an underwater variable (see below).
Read the documentation for your DHCP server or discuss it with your network administrator.
IP addresses are used as follows:
Note: TFTP and NFS services do not have to be on the same physical server or even on the same operating system. Debian PC (Wheezy) offers both services in this example.
TFTP Ser ер
Prepare TFTP Service
TFTP service does not start automatically.
(Note: In various forums, etc., there are several examples of how the TFTP service starts automatically, but obviously not all of them run successfully on all Linux distributions! The following may work for you.)
Start the tftpd-hpa service automatically by adding the command to /etc/rc.local (immediately before output line 0).
Set Up TFTP Directories
In this case, the tftpd-hpa service looks for the requested files in / srv / tftp /.
The default tftpd-hpa directory may vary depending on the distribution / version, but it is specified in the configuration file: / etc / default / tfptd-hpa
Change the line (with superuser privileges):
Each Parallella has its own boat script, for example, para1, para2 in the TFTP service directory. A launch script is an underwater script image file created using mkimage from a text file (see below).
The boot script points U-Boot to the boot mode subdirectory where the boot image files are located.
Each boot mode directory corresponds to a BOOT section on a Parallella SD card, Which contains the core image files, parallella.bit.bin and devicetree.
Different boot image file sets may vary.
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