To summarize, the atmospheric gravity wave showed a downward phase propagation over time, and the turbulence layer appeared to move down as well.
These equations show that if an atmospheric gravity wave is saturated by convective instability, then, for sufficiently large values of m, the vertical wave number spectrum of the fluctuations in horizontal wind velocity and temperature caused by a gravity wave can be approximated by [m.
5) show that the dominant vertical wavelength of the atmospheric gravity wave increases with altitude.
Therefore, at a higher altitude, the vertical wavelength of the prevailing atmospheric gravity wave increases considerably as seen in Fig.
This data-set has been used to analyze the global distribution of atmospheric gravity wave energy.
1, 2) Atmospheric gravity waves are medium-scale waves with the horizontal wavelength ranging between several tens and several thousands of kilometers and a vertical wavelength of several kilometers.
6) In order to explain this weakening of the zonal winds, a theory based on the effect of mechanical friction from wave breaking processes of atmospheric gravity waves was proposed.
In the 1980s a notable advance was made in understanding the role of atmospheric gravity waves in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere with the development of large atmospheric radars that detect the electromagnetic wave scattering caused by atmospheric turbulence.
This paper reviews the characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves in terms of their generation, propagation, and dissipation processes by chiefly referring to the results from the MU radar and GPS RO measurements.
Atmospheric gravity waves are generated by a variety of mechanisms that cause vertical displacements of air parcels, such as meteorological disturbances or cumulous convection within the troposphere, instability in jet streams, and the interactions of surface winds with topography.
The interaction between the cold and warm air masses was associated with rapid changes in wind velocity and temperature, resulting in emission of atmospheric gravity waves.
Much theoretical research has been conducted on the dynamical characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves, focusing mainly on the process by which gravity waves deposit their momentum and energy onto the background winds in the middle atmosphere.
The atmospheric gravity waves attenuate due to unstable phenomena associated with shear or convection instabilities.
Other dissipation processes of atmospheric gravity waves, though not described in detail here, include a change in their amplitude over time (referred to as "transience"), wave cascades due to the elastic interaction between waves, molecular viscosity and Newtonian radiative cooling.