Legislative Assembly of Ontario
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The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is one of two components of the Legislature of Ontario (also known as the Parliament of Ontario), the other being the Queen of Canada in Right of Ontario, represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. The Legislative Assembly is the second largest Canadian provincial deliberative assembly by number of members after the National Assembly of Quebec. The Assembly meets at the Ontario Legislative Building at Queen's Park in the provincial capital of Toronto.
|Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Assemblée législative de l'Ontario (French)
|41st Parliament of Ontario|
|Founded||July 1, 1867|
|Preceded by||Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada|
Hon. Elizabeth Dowdeswell
Since September 23, 2014
Other parties (21)
|June 12, 2014|
|June 7, 2018 (scheduled)|
|Ontario Legislative Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada|
The Legislative Assembly was established by the British North America Act, 1867 (later re-titled Constitution Act, 1867), which dissolved the Province of Canada into two new provinces, with the portion then called Canada West becoming Ontario. The Legislature has been unicameral since its inception, with the Assembly currently having 107 seats (increased to 122 as of the 42nd Ontario general election) representing electoral districts ("ridings") elected through a first-past-the-post electoral system across the province.
Like at the federal level in Canada, Ontario uses a Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which members are elected to the Legislative Assembly through general elections, from which the Premier of Ontario and Executive Council of Ontario are appointed based on majority support. The premier is Ontario's head of government, while the Lieutenant Governor, as representative of the Queen, acts as head of state. The largest party not forming the government is known as the Official Opposition, its leader being recognized as Leader of the Opposition by the Speaker.
The Ontario Legislature is sometimes referred to as the "Ontario Provincial Parliament". Members of the assembly refer to themselves as "Members of the Provincial Parliament" (MPPs) as opposed to "Members of the Legislative Assembly" (MLAs) as in many other provinces. Ontario is the only province to do so, in accordance with a resolution passed in the Assembly on April 7, 1938. However, the Legislative Assembly Act refers only to "members of the Assembly".
The current assembly was elected on June 12, 2014 as part of the 41st Parliament of Ontario. The first session of the 41st Parliament opened on July 2, 2014. On Friday May 2, 2014, the 40th Parliament of Ontario was dissolved by Lieutenant Governor David C. Onley on the advice of Premier Kathleen Wynne after the NDP and Progressive Conservative leaders said they would not support the Liberal minority government's budget. The election was held on June 12, 2014, as a result of which Kathleen Wynne's Liberal Party formed a majority government.
Queen's Park is a metonym for the Legislative Assembly.
In accordance with the traditions of the Westminster System, most laws originate with the cabinet (Government bills), and are passed by the legislature after stages of debate and decision-making. Ordinary Members of the Legislature may introduce privately (Private Members' Bills), play an integral role in scrutinizing bills in debate and committee and amending bills presented to the legislature by cabinet.
Members are expected to be loyal to both their parliamentary party and to the interests of their constituents.
In the Ontario legislature this confrontation provides much of the material for Oral Questions and Members' Statements. Legislative scrutiny of the executive is also at the heart of much of the work carried out by the Legislature's Standing Committees, which are made up of ordinary backbenchers.
A Member's day will typically be divided among participating in the business of the House, attending caucus and committee meetings, speaking in various debates, or returning to his or her constituency to address the concerns, problems and grievances of constituents. Depending on personal inclination and political circumstances, some Members concentrate most of their attention on House matters while others focus on constituency problems, taking on something of an ombudsman's role in the process.
Finally, it is the task of the legislature to provide the personnel of the executive. As already noted, under responsible government, ministers of the Crown are expected to be Members of the Assembly. When a political party comes to power it will usually place its more experienced parliamentarians into the key cabinet positions, where their parliamentary experience may be the best preparation for the rough and tumble of political life in government.
Coat of armsEdit
The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is the first and the only legislature in Canada to have a Coat of Arms separate from the provincial coat of arms.
Green and gold are the principal colours in the shield of arms of the province. The Mace is the traditional symbol of the authority of the Speaker. Shown on the left is the current Mace. On the right is the original Mace from the time of the first parliament in 1792. The crossed Maces are joined by the shield of arms of Ontario.
The crown on the wreath represents national and provincial loyalties; its rim is studded with the provincial gemstone, the amethyst. The griffin, an ancient symbol of justice and equity, holds a calumet, which symbolizes the meeting of spirit and discussion that Ontario's First Nations believe accompanies the use of the pipe.
The deer represent the natural riches of the province. The Loyalist coronets at their necks honour the original British settlers in Ontario who brought with them the British parliamentary form of government. The Royal Crowns, left 1992, right 1792, recognize the parliamentary bicentennial and represent Ontario's heritage as a constitutional monarchy. They were granted as a special honour by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on the recommendation of the Governor General.
In the base, the maple leaves are for Canada, the trilliums for Ontario and the roses for York (now Toronto), the provincial capital.
The motto "Audi Alteram Partem" is one of a series of Latin phrases carved in the Chamber of the Legislative Building. It challenges Members of Provincial Parliament to "Hear the Other Side".
Timeline of the 41st Parliament of OntarioEdit
- July 2, 2014 : The 41st Parliament of Ontario begin its first session. Jim Wilson becomes Leader of the Opposition after being chosen interim leader of the Progressive Conservatives. Dave Levac, member from Brant was re-elected as the speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
- July 3, 2014 : David C. Onley addresses the speech from the throne for the last time as Lieutenant Governor of Ontario.
- September 23, 2014 : with Elizabeth Dowdeswell sworn in as Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, making the top three of the Order of precedence in Ontario all female for the very first time in the history.
- November 21, 2014 : Joe Cimino, the MPP representing Sudbury resigned his seat.
- February 5, 2015 : The former MP Glenn Thibeault was elected as a Liberal MPP in Sudbury, replacing Joe Cimino.
- August 1, 2015 : PC MPP Garfield Dunlop (Simcoe North) resigns in order to allow PC leader Patrick Brown to run for a seat in the legislature.
- August 28, 2015 : PC MPP Christine Elliott (Whitby-Oshawa) resigns her seat.
- September 3, 2015: In a by-election, PC leader Patrick Brown is elected the MPP for Simcoe North
- February 11, 2016: Lorne Coe elected PC MPP for Whitby-Oshawa in a by-election.
- March 23, 2016: Liberal MPP Bas Balkissoon (Scarborough—Rouge River) resigns his seat.
- June 30, 2016: Liberal MPP Madeleine Meilleur (Ottawa—Vanier) resigns her seat.
- September 1, 2016: Raymond Cho wins the Scarborough—Rouge River by-election for the PC's, taking away the seat from the Liberals.
- September 16, 2016: PC MPP Tim Hudak (Niagara West—Glanbrook) resigns his seat.
- November 17, 2016: By-elections are held in Ottawa—Vanier (won by Liberal Nathalie Des Rosiers) and Niagara West—Glanbrook (won by PC Sam Oosterhoff). Oosterhoff was 19 years old at the time and became the youngest Ontario MPP in history.
- May 28, 2017: Carleton—Mississippi Mills MPP Jack MacLaren was removed from the Progressive Conservative party caucus after video surfaced of MacLaren criticizing bilingualism in Canada . By the afternoon of May 28, MacLaren announced on Twitter that he would be joining the right-wing Trillium Party of Ontario.
Election of the Legislative Assembly of the 41st Ontario Parliament occurred June 12, 2014, as a result of which Kathleen Wynne's Liberals formed a majority government.
|Progressive Conservative||Patrick Brown||Official Opposition||28||28|
|New Democratic||Andrea Horwath||Third Party||21||20|
|Trillium Party of Ontario||Bob Yaciuk||Fourth Party||N/A||1|
The seating chamber was influenced by the British House of Commons layout and that of the original St. Stephen's Chapel in the Palace of Westminster. The difference with the British layout is with the use of individual chairs and tables for members, absent in the British Commons' design.
Previous location of the legislature, once home of the legislature of Upper Canada and the United Provinces of Canada, had similar layout.
|Number of members
per party by date
|Jun 12||Nov 20||Feb 5||Aug 1||Aug 28||Sep 3||Feb 11||Mar 22||Jun 30||Sep 1||Sep 16||Nov 17||Jan 1||May 28|
|Trillium Party of Ontario||0||1|
List of membersEdit
- Party leaders' names are in italics, with the Premier's in bold-italics.
Deputy Speaker (Government)- Soo Wong
Deputy Speaker (Official Opposition)- Ted Arnott, Rick Nicholls
Deputy Speaker (Third Party)- Paul Miller
- Premier of Ontario: Hon. Kathleen Wynne (Liberal)
- Leader of the Opposition: Patrick Brown (Progressive Conservative)
- Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party: Andrea Horwath
- Government House Leader: Hon. Yasir Naqvi
- Opposition House Leader: Jim Wilson
- NDP House Leader: Gilles Bisson
- Chief Government Whip: James Bradley
- Official Opposition Whip: John Yakabuski
- NDP Whip: John Vanthof
There are two forms which Committees can take. The first, standing committees, are struck for the duration of the Parliament pursuant to Standing Orders. The second, select committees, are struck usually by a Motion or an Order of the House to consider a specific bill or issue which would otherwise monopolize the time of the standing committees.
A committee which exists for the duration of a parliamentary session. This committee examines and reports on the general conduct of activities by government departments and agencies and reports on matters referred to it by the house, including proposed legislation.
Standing Committees in the current Parliament:
Select committees are set up specifically to study certain bills or issues and according to the Standing Orders, consists of not more than 11 members from all parties with representation reflecting the current standing in the house. In some cases, the committee must examine material by a specific date and then report its conclusion to the legislature. After its final report, the committee is dissolved.
Select Committees in the 39th Parliament:
- The Select Committee on Elections completed its work on June 30, 2009.
- The Select Committee on Mental Health and Addictions completed its work on August 26, 2010.
- The Select Committee on the proposed transaction of the TMX Group and the London Stock Exchange Group completed its work on April 19, 2011.
The ceremonial mace of the Legislature is the fourth mace to be used in Upper Canada or Ontario.
The first mace was used by the Chamber of Upper Canada's first Parliament in 1792 at Newark (now Niagara-on-the-Lake) and then moved to York (now Toronto).  The primitive wooden mace, painted red and gilt and surmounted by a crown of thin brass strips. It was stolen by American troops as a Prize of War during the Battle of York of the War of 1812 in 1813. The mace was stored at United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland and remained in the United States until 1934 when it was returned to Ontario when President Franklin Roosevelt sent an order to Congress to return the mace. It was stored at the Royal Ontario Museum for a time, and is now located in the Main Lobby of the Ontario Legislative Building. 
A second mace was introduced in 1813 and used until 1841.
The third mace was not purchased until 1845. In 1849, it was stolen by a riotous mob in Montreal, apparently intent upon destroying it in a public demonstration. Fortunately it was rescued and returned to the Speaker, Sir Allan Macnab, the next day. Later, in 1854, the Mace was twice rescued when the Parliament Buildings in Quebec were ravaged by fire. The Mace continued to be used by the Union Parliament in Toronto and Quebec until Confederation in 1867, when it was taken to the Parliament of Canada in Ottawa, where it remained in the House of Commons until 1916. When the Parliament Buildings were gutted by fire during that year, the Mace could not be saved from Centre Block. All that remained was a tiny ball of silver and gold conglomerate. 
After Confederation, where the third mace moved with the new Parliament of the Dominion of Canada to Ottawa. The current mace used in Legislative Assembly of Ontario was acquired in 1867. It was provided by Charles E. Zollikofer of Ottawa for $200. The Four-foot mace is made of copper and richly gilded, a flattened ball at the butt end. Initially the head of the mace bore the crown of Queen Victoria and in a cup with her monogram, V.R.. When she was succeeded by Edward VII in 1901, her crown and cup were removed and a new one bearing Edward's initials on the cup was installed. Eventually it was replaced with the current cup which is adorned in gleaming brass leaves. 
Through some careful detective work on the part of Legislative Assembly staff, the original cup with Queen Victoria's monogram was recently found in the Royal Ontario Museum’s collection and returned to the Legislature. It is now on display in the Ontario Legislative Building. 
In 2009, two diamonds were installed in the Mace. The diamonds were a gift to the people of Ontario from De Beers Canada to mark the opening of the Victor Mine near Attawapiskat in northern Ontario. Three diamonds were selected from the first run of the mine. Two stones, one rough and one polished, were set in platinum in the crown of the Mace while the third stone, also polished, was put on exhibit in the lobby of the Legislative Building as part of a display about the history of the Mace. 
Like the Parliament of Canada, the Legislature has procedural officers:
The Clerk of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario is the chief permanent officer of the Legislative Assembly, with the rank and status of a Deputy Minister. He or she is the principal procedural adviser and senior officer of the House. The Clerk's responsibilities include advising the Speaker and Members of the Legislature on questions of procedure and interpretation of the rules and practices of the House. The Clerk is also responsible for the overall direction and administration of the Legislative Assembly and is Secretary of the Board of Internal Economy. As Chief Executive Officer, the Clerk is accountable to the Speaker for the administrative and operational functions of the Office of the Assembly.
The other key officer is the Sergeant-at-Arms, whose role is to keep order during meetings in the Legislature. The Sergeant-at-Arms is also charged with control of the Ceremonial mace in the Legislature in session.
Other officers of the legislature include the Office of the Provincial Advocate for Children and Youth, the Ontario Ombudsman, the Environmental Commissioner, the Integrity Commissioner, the Auditor General, the Chief Electoral Officer, and the Information and Privacy Commissioner.
- "Origins of "MPP"". The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
- Constitution Act, 1867, 30 & 31 Victoria 1867, c. 3 (U.K.), s. 69 (Constitution Act, 1867 at Department of Justice Canada) .
- "Ontario Election On June 12, 2014". Retrieved 2016-09-28.
- "Kathleen Wynne's Liberals win majority government | Toronto Star". thestar.com. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
- Brown, Patrick (2015-05-10). "Patrick Brown wins Ontario PC leadership race". CBC News. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
- "Tory Lorne Coe wins Whitby-Oshawa byelection". Toronto Star. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- The Canadian Press (March 22, 2016). "Liberal Bas Balkissoon resigns his Scarborough-Rouge River seat in legislature". CBC News. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- The Canadian Press (November 17, 2016). "Youngest ever MPP elected in Niagara byelection on Thursday". Citynews.ca. Rogers Digital Media. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- "The Commons Chamber in the 16th Century". UK Parliament. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
- "NDP MPP Joe Cimino resigns seat: cites family, health issues". CBC.ca. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
- "Liberals win Sudbury byelection". The Toronto Star. February 5, 2015.
- Legislative Assembly of Ontario: Glossary retrieved 10 February 2010
- "The Mace". speaker.ontla.on.ca. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
- "Franklin D. Roosevelt: Message to Congress Requesting Authority to Return a Mace to Canada.". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2016-09-28.