The Foster Education Act- 1870
- Made education compulsory from ages 5-11 (raised to 13 years olf in 1880). in an attempt to educate the masses and eliminate the social class divide.
E- May not have helped W/C, wouldn't have been learning skills for working.
- Paresnts now had the choice of 3 types of school:
1- Grammar Schools -FEES
Public schools- FEES
E- althought the foster act (1870) tried to eliminate socail class inequality in education, this only catered up to age of 13/13 years olf. Asd such, once pupils left their first schools it was the middle class that were able to go into Secondary schooling- creating a social class divide.
The Butler Education Act- 1944
- Created by R.A. BUtler (1902-82)
- World war 2 was coming to an end, and there was an emphasis in the UK to create 'A land fit for heros'
- The Conservative government thus 'opened up' secondary education to the masses= reduce social inequalities within education
- As a result the Tri-Partite system was introduced. (Secondary modern school W/C, Technical school W/C, grammer school M/C
- The idea was created- 'Parity of Esteem' Eqaulity of opportunity between the social classes- meritocratic ideology.
E- Some would say that examinations are catered towards the upper and middle class- in the language used.
E- System acctually recreated the social class divide, rather than eliminate it.
E-Middle class children had better primary schooling- could do better in 11+ exam- possibly had priavate tutros
E-Negative stigma attatched to secondary modern schools created a negative self-fulfilling prophecy for the W/C
E-Teahcers in Secondary modern schools, lower paid- arguably less qualified/moticated. There were also poor resources in Seconday modern schools- material deprevation.
- Means, covering or involving much, inclusive.
- Conservative schools are schools that everyone attends regardless of ability or socail class. The 11+ exam was abolished and a child's schooling was dependent on their 'catchement area.'
- This aimed to ensure that they would get 'Parity of esteem' and 'equality' within education- same teachers, facilities and resources.
E-With all people in one school, important to make sure all abilities were catered for, led to setting and streamning- still highlighted social class divide
E- higher ability studetns held back by lower ones, and vice-versa.
E- M/C areas get M/C comprehensive schools, W/C get WC schools. M/C parents could afford to pay for public schooling.
Educational Priority Areas- 1965
- Recognised that although comprehensive schools aimed at closing the social class divide, W/C areas were home to W/C schools.
- These 'deprived' schools were listed as 'priority' schools and accordingly they recieved additional funding and resources to compensate
- Known as positive discrimination.
Education Reform Act -1988
- Landmark for the new educational system, that is still in place today- Conservative government policy
- Introduction of the National cirriculum ( took power away from schools and teachers as they previously had authority over what was taught. )
- Introduction of Inspection- OFSTED.
- Testing and League tables
- Marketing forces- competition- marketisation
- Vocationalism- job based study
- Local management of schools- LMS
-Every schoo, studying same subjects- consistentcy
-Every child had same education
-Didn't stretch pupils
-Wasn't 'national' as private schools didnt and still don;t use NC.