Wheel loader is a kind of shovel and transportation machinery widely used in roads, railways, ports, docks, coal, mines, water conservancy, national defense and other projects and urban construction. Mainly carry out shovel loading and short-distance transportation operations for loose materials.
Its main function is to shovel loose materials and short-distance transportation operations. It is one of the fastest growing, production and sales, and market demand models in construction machinery. We usually see the wheel loaders the most, and the opposite is the crawler loaders. Compared with the crawler type, it has the advantages of good maneuverability, no damage to the road surface, and convenient operation. Therefore, wheel loaders are widely used.
Loaders are generally composed of frame, power transmission system, walking device, working device, steering brake device, hydraulic system and control system. The power of the engine 1 is transmitted to the gearbox 14 via the torque converter 2, and the gearbox transmits the power to the front and rear axles 10 via the drive shafts 13 and 16, respectively, to drive the wheels to rotate. The internal combustion engine power also drives the hydraulic pump 3 to work through the transfer case. The working device consists of a boom 6, a rocker 7, a connecting rod 8, a bucket 9, a boom hydraulic cylinder 12 and a rocker hydraulic cylinder 5. One end of the boom is hinged on the frame, and a bucket is installed at the other end. The lifting of the boom is driven by the boom hydraulic cylinder, and the turning of the bucket is realized by the bucket hydraulic cylinder through the rocker arm and the connecting rod. The frame 11 is composed of front and rear parts, and the hinge pin 4 is connected in the middle, and the front and rear frame can be relatively rotated around the hinge pin by means of the steering hydraulic cylinder to realize steering.
Loaders can be divided into: power system, mechanical system, hydraulic system, and control system.
Power system: The driving force of the loader is generally provided by the diesel engine, which has the characteristics of reliable operation, hard power characteristic curve, and fuel economy, which meets the requirements of the loader's poor working conditions and variable load.
Mechanical system: mainly includes walking device, steering mechanism and working device. Hydraulic system: The function of the system is to use fuel as the medium of the mechanical energy of the engine, convert it into hydraulic energy by the oil pump, and then transfer it to the oil cylinder, oil motor, etc. and convert it into mechanical energy.
Control system: The control system is a system that controls the engine, hydraulic pump, multi-way reversing valve and actuators. The hydraulic control drive mechanism is a device that converts small power electrical or mechanical energy into powerful hydraulic and mechanical energy in a hydraulic control system. It is composed of hydraulic power amplifier components, hydraulic actuators and loads. It is the core of static and dynamic analysis in the hydraulic system.