Activists stage cultural protest against Rampal coal plant
Landsat image of the Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest. Photo by: NASA.
Over the weekend, Bangladeshi artists performed plays, sang songs, and recited poetry all in a bid to protect the Sundarbans—the world’s biggest mangrove forest—from the threat of a massive coal plant. Construction is already under way on the hugely controversial Rampal coal plant, a 1,320 megawatt plant set just 14 kilometers from the edge of the Sundarbans.
“We have many alternatives to produce electricity but no alternative to Sundarbans,” said Anu Muhammad at the cultural protest. A renowned economist at Jahangirnagar University, Muhammad is also the secretary of the National Committee to Protect Oil, Gas, Mineral Resources, Power and Ports, which organized the protest.
Critics of the Rampal coal plant fear that pollution from transporting and burning the coal will degrade the Sundarbans air and water. Moreover, they say that the coal plant’s massive water demands—9,150 cubic meters of water every hour—could decrease water levels on the Passur River and change the delicate balance of salt and freshwater that the mangrove forest depends on.
Wildlife could be at risk as well. A biodiversity hotspots, the Sundarbans is home to hundreds of species, including a significant population of Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) as well as Ganges river dolphins (Platanista gangetica) and Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris). Moreover, mangroves provide essential nurseries for many fish species.
Singers perform at the cultural protest for the Sundarbans. Photo courtesy of the National Committee to Protect Oil, Gas, Mineral Resources, Power and Ports.
The plant has already faced major protests, including a five day march last year that attracted over 20,000 people by its end. But this time, activists turned to cultural icons.
“Any type of destruction touches writers, singers and artists the most,” Mowdud Rahman an engineer and activist with the National Committee to Protect Oil, Gas, Mineral Resources, Power and Ports. “They cannot remain silent in the midst of such planned destruction of [the] Sundarbans…Now they [have begun] a country-wide cultural campaign to save [the] Sundarbans, protesting the ongoing destructive projects.”
Rahman told mongabay.com that construction of the Rampal coal plant is in “full swing” despite numerous protests.
“Dredging and land development work is going on. And in line with the construction process infrastructure development is going on,” he said, adding that “updated information from the site area is nearly impossible now. As the site area is heavily guarded. Local goons are also there backed up by ruling party.”
Earlier this year, protestors said they were attacked by members of the ruling party—the Awami League—and had cameras and mobile phones stolen when they attempted to visit the site of the coal plant.
The Rampal coal plant is being built by the Bangladesh Power Development Board and India’s state-owned National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC). Although the NTPC is fronting only 15 percent of the costs, the energy produced will be split fifty-fifty between Bangladesh and India.
Performers at the cultural protest for the Sundarbans. Photo courtesy of the National Committee to Protect Oil, Gas, Mineral Resources, Power and Ports.
The coal plant is a part of a recent run towards coal-fired power in Bangladesh. This, despite the fact that Bangladesh is consistently rated one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to global warming and often chastises rich nations in climate negotiations for not doing enough. The Bangladeshi government plans to produce 15,000 megawatts of coal energy by 2030, a coal spree that could potentially raise the country’s carbon dioxide emissions by 160 percent.
The push is a part of the government’s efforts to bring power to an energy-starved population. Only around half of Bangladeshis has access to electricity. However, critics say there are numerous alternatives to coal power for a country that is being swamped by sea level rise.
The Sundarbans provides huge economic benefits to many locals, including forestry, honey, agriculture, and fisheries. Still, the forest may be most important as Bangladesh’s best defense against tropical storms and rising seas.
In addition, to the coal plant the forest continues to face other challenges. An upstream dam, the Farakka Barrage, has created siltation and salinity issues in the Sundarbans for decades, while Rahman says other local problems persist, including overconsumption of wood and timber, uncontrolled fishing, and poaching of tigers, marine turtles, and horseshoe crabs among others. He says the Sundarbans are “now in great danger.”
House and small farm on an island in the Sundarbans. Photo by: Arne Hückelheim/Creative Commons 3.0.
For more on the controversial project see:
- Bangladesh plans massive coal plant in world’s biggest mangrove forest
- World’s most vulnerable nation to climate change turns to coal power
(08/05/2014) Last fall tens of thousands of Bangladeshis participated in a five day march that took them from the country’s capital to the Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest. They marched to protest the proposal to build a coal plant on the edge of the great wetland. Filmmaker, Bratto Amin, was there.
(11/18/2013) In October, a global risks analysis company, Maplecroft, named Bangladesh the world’s most vulnerable nation to climate change by 2050. The designation came as little surprise, since Bangladesh’s government and experts have been warning for years of climatic impacts, including rising sea levels, extreme weather, and millions of refugees. However, despite these very public warnings, in recent years the same government has made a sudden turn toward coal power—the most carbon intensive fuel source—with a master plan of installing 15,000 megawatts (MW) of coal energy by 2030, which could potentially increase the country’s current carbon dioxide emissions by 160 percent.
(11/11/2013) On October 22nd Bangladeshi and Indian officials were supposed to hold a ceremony laying the foundation stone for the Rampal power plant, a massive new coal-fired plant that will sit on the edge of the Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest. However, the governments suddenly cancelled the ceremony, instead announcing that the project had already been inaugurated in early October by the countries’ heads of state via a less-ornate Skype call. While the governments say the change was made because of busy schedules, activists contend the sudden scuttling of the ceremony was more likely due to rising pressure against the coal plant, including a five-day march in September that attracted thousands.
(03/29/2010) Considered the most threatened ecosystem in Bangladesh, the moist deciduous Sal forest (Shorea robusta) is on the verge of vanishing. In 1990 only 10 percent of the forest cover remained, down from 36 percent in 1985 according to statistics from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). A new study in the online open-access journal Tropical Conservation Science looks at the threats posed to the Shal forest and ways in which it may still be saved.
(12/17/2009) Allowing the climate to rise by just two degrees Celsius—the target most industrialized nations are currently discussing in Copenhagen—may still lead to a catastrophic sea level rise of six to nine meters, according to a new study in Nature. While this rise in sea levels would take hundreds of years to fully occur, inaction this century could lock the world into this fate.
(12/09/2009) According to the Global Climate Risk Index, Bangladesh is the most vulnerable nation to extreme weather events, which many scientists say are being exacerbated by climate change. From 1990 to 2008, Bangladesh has lost 8,241 lives on average every year due to natural disasters. In addition, rising sea levels also threaten millions of Bangladeshis.