Last seen in 1988, the Kouprey (ARKive) may still survive in Cambodia.
birds include the recently described Cambodian Taylorbird Orthotomus chaktomuk
New to Science). The Cambodian Laughingthrush Garrulax
only recently been recognized as a species distinct from the more
widespread White-necked Laughingthrush Garrulax
Cambodian subspecies of the Chestnut-headed Hill-partridge Arborophila cambodiana (HBW)
is sometimes treated as a distinct species from the Thai subspecies.
Three species of frogs, the Aural Horned Frog Xenophrys auralensis (Species New to Science), the Cardamom Bush Frog Philautus cardamonus (Wildlife Extra), and Smith's Frog Rana faber (Raffles Museum pdf file), were described in 2002 from the Cardamom Mountains. Other recently described species include the Samkos Bush Frog Chiromantis samkosensis (Mongabay), the Seima Mountain Toad Ophryophryne synoria (p. 7 of Field Museum pdf file), the Musical Leaf Litter Toad Leptolalax melicus (Australian Museum), a horned frog Megophrys damrei (Species New to Science), and a caecilian Ichthyophis cardamomensis (FFI).
The Tonle Sap Watersnake Enhydris longicauda (eol) is heavily harvested as food for humans and farmed crocodiles. The Dalai Mountain Blind Lizard Dibamus dalaiensis (FFI), the Cambodian Kukri Snake Oligodon kampucheaensis (FFI), the Cambodian Wolf Snake Lycodon zoosvictoriae (Species New to Science), and a gecko Cnemaspis neangthyi (BBC) are known only from the Cardamoms. A recently described skink Lygosoma veunsaiensis (CI) is strikingly iridescent.
A new genus of river herring Minyclupeoides dentibranchialus (Raffles Museum pdf file) was described in 2008. Other fish species known solely from Cambodia include Betta stiktos (FishBase), the loaches Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis (eol) and Schistura diminuta (pfeil-verlag.de pdf file), a freshwater dragonet Tonlesapia tsukawakii (IEF pdf file), a silurid catfish Pterocryptis bokorensis (eol), a hillstream catfish Glyptothorax coracinus (flickr), and several stream catfishes: Akysis fuliginatus (FLMNH), Akysis clinatus (p. 11 of Raffles Museum 5 MB pdf file), and Pseudobagarius filifer (FishBase).
Endemic insects include a long-horned moth Synersaga mondulkiriensis (Species-ID), the scarab beetles Eocorythoderus incredibilis (Species New to Science) and Termitotrox venus (ZooKeys), a rove beetle Discoxenus latiabdominalis (p.3 of Zootaxa pdf file), a cicada Qurana ggoma (BioOne pdf file), a cricket Rhaphidophora khmerica (OSF), a damselfly Prodasineura hoffmanni (Zootaxa pdf file), and an ant Crematogaster chhangi (Species-ID).
Other invertebrates known only from Cambodia include a scorpion Chaerilus
Selecta pdf file), the centipedes Tygarrup triporus
crassignathus (both at Biologiezentrum
pdf file), a
freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium
pdf file), a
freshwater crab Somanniathelphusa
Decapoda pdf file), the land snails Opisthostoma supinum
and Amphidromus begini
(fig. D at ZooKeys),
and a freshwater amphipod Kamaka tonlensis (Zootaxa
Plants unique to Cambodia include the pitcher plants Nepenthes bokorensis (Wikipedia) and Nepenthes holdenii (Wildlife Extra), Sarcolobus cambogensis (Species New to Science), Syzygium bokorense (Trinity College Dublin), a palm Areca riparia (Palmpedia), Impatiens bokorensis (Species New to Science), Machilus bokorensis (PhytoKeys), Lespedeza cambodianum (ResearchGate), Peliosanthes cambodiana (p. 7 of Rufford pdf file), Sonerila bokorense (ResearchGate), a ginger Globba graminifolia (JSTOR), a cinnamon Cinnamomum elephantinum (MNHN), the orchids Doritis boulbetii (ResearchGate) and Porpax verrucosa (Species New to Science), a grass Phacelurus cambogiensis (Kew), Aeschynanthus cambodiensis (JSTOR), a mint Platostoma becquerelii (JSTOR), Solanum sakhanii (MNHN), and Argostemma fasiculata (nhm.psu.ac.th). A new genus of Cucurbitaceae Khmeriosicyos (Naturalis pdf file) was described in 2004.
Cambodia is included in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (CEPF). An important ecoregion for endemic species is the Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests (EoE). The Mekong River (MRC) has one of the world's richest freshwater faunas.