Luxembourg is a small country, or better a Dutchy in central Europe. It lies between France, Germany and Belgium. It is part of the Benelux countries, which is a federation of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. Although it is part of the European community, its laws, especially concerning taxation, are different. So it became a center for banking as many Europeans invest their money in Luxembourg to avoid their own countrys' tax.
Although Luxembourg is very small it has some valuable ores like the famous Minette iron ores, copper and a little coal. So Luxembourg always had some wealth, probably a reason why it is still an independent country. On the other hand there is not much limestones and there is not a single show cave. Roumors go, that they have only a single cave, which is never higher than 40cm.