A breast positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for breast cancer. This tracer can help identify areas of cancer that an MRI or CT scan may miss.
A PET scan requires a small amount of radioactive material (tracer). This tracer is given through a vein (IV), usually on the inside of your elbow. It travels through your blood and collects in organs and tissues. The tracer helps the radiologist see certain areas or diseases more clearly.
You will need to wait nearby as your body absorbs the tracer. This usually takes about 1 hour.
Then, you will lie on a narrow table, which slides into a large tunnel-shaped scanner. The PET scanner detects signals from the tracer. A computer changes the results into 3D pictures. The images are displayed on a monitor for your doctor to read.
You must lie still during test. Too much movement can blur images and cause errors.
The test takes about 90 minutes.
You may be asked not to eat anything for 4 to 6 hours before the scan. You will be able to drink water.
Tell your health care provider if:
Always tell your health care provider about the medicines you are taking, including those bought without a prescription. Sometimes, medications may interfere with the test results.
You may feel a sharp sting when the needle containing the tracer is placed into your vein.
A PET scan causes no pain. The table may be hard or cold, but you can request a blanket or pillow.
An intercom in the room allows you to speak to someone at any time.
There is no recovery time, unless you were given a medicine to relax.
A PET scan is most often used when other tests, such as MRI scan or CT scan, do not provide enough information.
A breast PET scan is used only after a woman has been diagnosed with breast cancer. It is done to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, liver, lung, or bones.
If you have breast cancer, your doctor may order this scan:
A PET scan is not used to screen for, or diagnose, breast cancer.
A normal result means there are no areas outside the breast in which the radiotracer has abnormally collected. This result most likely means the breast cancer has not spread to other parts of the body.
Very small areas of breast cancer may not show up on a PET scan.
Abnormal results may mean that the breast cancer has spread.
Blood sugar or insulin level may affect the test results in people with diabetes.
The amount of radiation used in a PET scan is low. It is about the same amount of radiation as in most CT scans. Also, the radiation does not last for very long in your body.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should let their doctor know before having this test. Infants and babies developing in the womb are more sensitive to the effects of radiation because their organs are still growing.
It is possible, although very unlikely, to have an allergic reaction to the radioactive substance. Some people have pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site.
Breast positron emission tomography; PET - breast; PET - tumor imaging - breast
Almubarak M, Osman S, Marano G, Abraham J. Role of positron-emission tomography scan in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer. Oncology. 2009;23:255-261.
National Cancer Institute: PDQ Breast Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified 07/11/2014. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional. Accessed August 31, 2014.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Breast Cancer. Version 3.2014. Available at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdf. Accessed August 31, 2014.
Wolff AC, Comchek SM, Davidson NE, et al. Cancers of the breast. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, et al., eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2013:chap 91.
Updated by: Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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