In the late 18th century from 1781 to 1800, the British recognized American independence, expanded the East India Company holdings in India and began settlement of Australia. The United States established an improved system of government under its Constitution. The French Revolution was important in Europe.
In the early 19th century from 1801-1820, George III was deemed unfit to rule and his son reigned as regent in his stead in the period known as the Regency. Britain was involved in the Napoleonic wars. In the United States, the presidencies of Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe can be connected. The War of 1812 occurred. The New York city street grid was expanded to cover all of Manhattan island. An attempted invasion of Canada by the United States in the war of 1812 was defeated.
In the early mid 19th century from 1821-1840 in the United Kingdom, George IV and William IV ruled, slavery was abolished, there was electoral reform in 1832, and Victoria ascended to the throne in 1837. In the United States, the presidencies of Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Jackson, and Van Buren can be connected. New York City became connected to the agricultural region of the United States with completion of the Erie Canal. The British governed Canada and united the various provinces into a single domain in 1840.