Electric faults and causes in electric locomotive: Changes in the conditions of overloading leading to heating of winding , failure of insulation. Changes in the operating environments such as temperature, moisture, dust etc. leading to failure of insulation, over- heating and chances of short circuit. Changes in the condition of equipment itself such as aging leads to open circuit, deterioration of insulation, wear leads to chances of short circuit. External influences of abnormal nature like voltage surges, lightning, short circuits elsewhere leading to chances of short circuit, overheating, burning of equipment etc. Improper operation due to bad maintenance either due to lack of attention which should have been given .