Abstract: During this experiment, I had the opportunity to examine the reactions of some common chemicals placed in mixtures and the changes the chemical will undergo. The goal of this lab is to investigate the chemical changes when two different substances are made into a mixture. During this experiment, there was the opportunity for me to observe different chemical reactions and determine the properties of the mixture. There were several results that changed colors and formed a precipitate and bubbled up. Then on the other hand there were mixtures that no chemical changes were observed or could be detected at all.
Purpose: To observe the macroscopic changes that occur in chemical reactions and attempt to interpret the microscopic changes of the atoms and molecules that allow for the macroscopic changes to happen; also, it is to learn the importance of how to separate mixtures.
Procedure: For the following combinations of chemicals, and using a different well of the 96-well plate for each combination, I must place 2 pipet drops of the first chemical in one well and then add 2 drops of the second chemical, unless it is stated otherwise below. After combining the chemicals, I must observe the mixture against white and dark backgrounds by slipping white and black paper underneath the well plate. For ever reaction, I wrote down the chemical combination, the well number, and my observations of the chemical reactions against the white and dark backgrounds. The combinations are as follows:
• NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate-baking soda) and HCl (hydrochloric acid)
• HCl and BTB (Bromthymol blue)
• NH3 (ammonia, a base) and 1 drop of BTB
• HCl and Blue Dye
• Blue Dye and NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite). Observe, then add 1drop of HCl.
• NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) and KI (potassium iodide). Observe, then add 1 drop of starch (shake well before using).
• KI and Pb(NO3)2 (lead nitrate)
• NaOH (sodium hydroxide – a base) and phenolphthalein.
• HCl and phenolphthalein
• NaOH and AgNO3
• AgNO3 and NH3(ammonia)
• NH3 and CuSO4(Copper(II)sulfate)
• NaHCO3 and HCl A1 Clear with bubbles;
• HCl and BTB B2 turned Goldish Brown
• NH3 and 1 drop of BTB C3 Turned blue
• HCl and Blue Dye D4 Turned green
• Blue Dye and NaOCl. Observe, then add 1drop of HCl. E5 Turned blue, but with time it turned into an bluish green
• NaOCl and KI Observe, then add 1 drop of starch F6 Turned yellow
• KI and Pb(NO3)2 ( G7 turned a solid yellow
• NaOH and phenolphthalein H8 turned a Pink color
• HCl and phenolphthalein A4 CLEAR
• NaOH and AgNO3 A8 turned brown
• AgNO3 and NH3 paper towel turned purplish brown
• NH3* and CuSO4C12 turned light blue
A. Suppose a household product label says it contains sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate). How would you test this material for the presence of sodium bicarbonate? I’m using Windex and Clorox Clean w/Bleach and Palmolive Palmolive Antibacterial Dish liquid as my products. Windex and Clorox Clean w/Bleach are both heavy bases, and that the Palmolive Antibacterial Dish liquid is an acid. I am surprised at, because I would've assumed that the bleach and Windex are the heavy acids since they do heavy amounts of cleaning and the Palmolive antibacterial dish liquid would've been a base so as to not damage skin as much as an acid could. However, now that I have this data collected, I am interpreting the results that the reason Windex and Clorox are heavy bases is because if they were acids, whatever surface they were used to clean would become damaged. And the reason that the Palmolive Antibacterial Dish liquid is an acid is so that it will be able to take as much food grease and grime off as possible, if not all.
C. You found a sample of a solution that has a faint odor resembling vinegar. You are verifying that it is indeed vinegar and you add a few drops of phenolphthalein. The sample turns pink. What assumption can you make