Thursday, February 11, 1999 Published at 10:06 GMT
Apes in line for legal rights
Our nearest relative: Should apes have rights to decent treatment?
By Environment Correspondent Alex Kirby
Campaigners who want four great ape species to be given legal rights believe they may be on the verge of victory.
The four species are chimpanzees, bonobos (a pygmy chimp), orangutans and gorillas.
GAP says it may soon achieve a breakthrough, if a new animal welfare bill in New Zealand is drafted to include a clause to do just that.
The law would then make the great apes the first non-human species to enjoy individual, fundamental rights.
Enforceable in law, they would include the right to life, the right not to suffer cruel or degrading treatment, and the right not to take part in most experiments.
The bill could soon become law and could set a precedent for other countries.
GAP argues partly from the genetic similarities between the great apes and human beings - chimps and humans share 98.5% of their DNA.
But it also says all four species have some "indicators of humanhood" - intelligence, deep emotions, some linguistic ability, and self-awareness.
Dr Jane Goodall, renowned for her work with chimps in Gombe national park in Tanzania, describes GAP as "a good starting point".
"The crucial thing when we are wanting to give rights to non-human beings is - can those beings feel? Are they sentient and are they sapient?"
But GAP has its critics. Some say that, because the apes look like us, we cease to be objective and start seeing similarities where none exist.
Others believe GAP is exaggerating the supposed similarities of the apes to stop their use in experiments. Some of these counter arguments are featured in this week's New Scientist.
Great apes have never been used for research in New Zealand itself and are no longer used in the UK.
But about 1,700 chimps are kept for research in the US.
Only a start
GAP is also criticised for choosing what some see as an arbitrary cut-off point - the differences between apes and other animals.
Why not give rights to monkeys as well, and to elephants, dogs and every other creature down the line, ask critics.
Many GAP supporters accept that argument, not as a criticism, but as the way forward in what Dr Goodall calls "extending the circle of compassion, first of all to our closest living relatives".
If you deny rights to apes, they argue, then logically you should withhold them from mentally-disabled human beings.