A panic attack is a sudden feeling of intense anxiety that happens without warning. It is often accompanied by powerful physical symptoms and can be so frightening that people can believe that they are having a heart attack, collapsing or even dying.
It is important to know what to do in the moment when a panic attack arises and recognise that there is help available to support in the longer term.
What to do when you feel the signs of a panic attack coming on
Sometimes, unexpected panic attacks can happen, but more often than not, something will trigger a panic attack and you will be able to feel your panic attack coming on.
When you feel the signs of a panic attack coming on, it is important to know what you should do in the moment. When feeling the signs of a panic attack coming on, you can:
- Stay still and control your breathing
- Use positive mantras
- Distract yourself from your thoughts
- Address and challenge your thoughts
Can you stop a panic attack before it happens?
Unfortunately, there is no way to stop a panic attack. When you feel the signs of a panic attack coming on, try and focus on your breathing as a way to control your panic attack symptoms.
Some panic attacks symptoms you might experience include dizziness, shaking or trembling, and hyperventilating.
What to do during a panic attack
Remind yourself what is happening
Safely stop what you are doing so that you can focus on what you are thinking.
Tell yourself that your mind and body are just choosing to react intensely to your thoughts when they don’t need to. It isn’t a heart attack and you’re not going to collapse or die.
Control your breathing
Your breathing may quicken during a panic attack. The hyperventilation you experience can cause you to become even more frightened as you worry about not being able to breathe. Focus on breathing slowly, deeply and as gently as possible.
Breathe in through the nose for three seconds, hold the breath for two seconds and breathe out through the mouth for three seconds. As you keep repeating this technique, you should start to feel a little calmer. If not, there are other simple breathing techniques you can try.
You may want to close your eyes to help you focus. By doing this, you can calm your breathing, reduce your physical panic attack symptoms, and stop the panic cycle.
Remind yourself that this panic attack will pass
Statements like “panic is just a high level of anxiety” and “my panic will pass naturally given time and won’t last forever” can help you recognise that this is just a moment - you aren’t controlled by panic attacks and this will eventually go away.
Practise mindfulness and re-focus
Panic attacks can leave you feeling detached from reality. Focus on your surroundings – what can you hear, taste, see, smell and touch? Doing something like placing your feet on the floor or feeling the texture of your t-shirt can help to re-focus you away from your racing thoughts.
You could also try and focus on something in the room such as a picture, clock or a plant, and think carefully about the shape, pattern, colour and size of it. You may even want to go to an imaginary place that makes you feel relaxed. Once there, focus all your energy on what you can hear, taste, see, smell and touch. Doing these exercises can help to re-focus you and distract you from the panic and its symptoms.
How to help someone having a panic attack
If you’re with someone who’s having a panic attack, here are some things that you can do to help them:
- Stay calm to let the person know that everything is and will be ok. The person might be scared - try to remember that a panic attack is just an intense response to stress. Don’t act panicked or voice their fears – instead be a soothing voice of encouragement
- Stay with the person as they ride out the panic attack – remind them you are there to support them and that it will pass
- Be understanding and empathetic – don’t act embarrassed, ashamed or ask them to stop, as they can’t help what they are going through. Instead be positive, tell them how well they are doing and that you know they can get through this
- Try to help through deep breathing or guided imagery to help redirect a person’s focus
We understand that panic attacks are incredibly distressing, but it is important to understand that panic attacks can be managed and there is treatment that can help them to be reduced or resolved.
Through therapy at Priory, a person can tackle the underlying causes of their panic attacks, identify triggers and learn effective strategies that they can use to minimise panic attacks and manage them if and when they occur.