Analyses of Camera. Value Fictions Assignment 2, 0911. Camera History.
Assignment 2, 0911
Friedrich Risner first suggested a portable camera obscura, presumably for its use as an artistic aid. He suggested the use of a lightweight wooden hut, with a small hole and lens in each wall, and a cube of paper in the centre for drawing. Sir Henry Wotton first describes a tent camera obscura, used by astronomer Johann Kepler in 1620. However, the earliest reference to a small portable box camera came in 1657, from Kasper Schott. This concept was advanced in 1676 by Johann Christoph Sturm, who described and illustrated the first portable reflex camera obscura, used as an aid to drawing and painting. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, there became a craze for camera obscuras in different shapes and forms. Described by John Harris as ‘one of the finest sights in the world’, the camera obscura was now widely used by artists and scientists alike, as well as for recreational and entertainment purposes, as mentioned in contemporary literature.
Camera obscura: a dark room with a tiny hole in the wall or the roof, through which the view outside is projected onto the opposite wall or a screen.
A camera consists of seven basic components: a viewfinder, a focusing mechanism, a shutter, an adjustable aperture, a lens, a body, and devices for controlling film alignment and advancement. ( Reference from http://library.thinkquest.org/11355/html/partsofcamera1.htm)
Zoom: This is the function which moves your point of view closer to, or further away from, the subject. The effect is similar to moving the camera closer or further away.
Focus:Auto-focus is strictly for amateurs. Unlike still photography, there is no way auto-focus can meet the needs of a serious video camera operator. Many people find manual focus difficult, but if you want to be any good at all, good focus control is essential.
Iris: This is an adjustable opening (aperture), which controls the amount of light coming through the lens (i.e. the "exposure"). As you open the iris, more light comes in and the picture appears brighter.
White Balance: White balance means colour balance. It's a function which tells the camera what each colour should look like, by giving it a "true white" reference. If the camera knows what white looks like, then it will know what all other colours look like.
Audio: You may have a mic which is more suited to the type of work you are doing than the camera's built-in mic. Often, the better mic will simply be mounted on top of the camera. You might need to have the mic in a different position to the camera.
Effects: Many consumer cameras come with a selection of built-in digital effects, such as digital still, mix, strobe, etc. These can be very cool, or they can be very clumsy and tacky.
Gastroscopy is a medical term that has two parts: gastro for "stomach," and scopy for "looking." Gastroscopy, then, is a diagnostic test that enables the doctor to look inside your stomach.
Walk-in object 600 x 600 x 540 cm, steel, wood, acoustic insulation material, surveillance camera, monitor, light bulbs
This "Camera Silens", which could essentially be described as an anechoic and nearly soundproof chamber, was copied by the artists Olaf Arndt and Rob Moonen to refer to experiments involving the complete control of the human consciousness. The reference to the theme of sensory deprivation allows connections to be made to the solitary confinement of the RAF prisoners of the 70s and 80s, as well as to various methods of brainwashing. It indicates the possibility of regarding the human brain as a hard disk in a metaphorical sense, which can be deleted and re-written.
This is another name for real time vehicle tracking technology that never caught on during the early development of the GPS vehicle tracking industry.
An instant camera is a type of camera with self-developing film. The most famous are those made by the Polaroid Corporation. Polaroid cameras can be classified by the type of film they use. Not only did Polaroid make instant still-image cameras, but they also manufactured a type of instant movie camera, called Polavision. The kit included a camera, film, and a movie viewer. When the movie was shot, it would be taken out of the camera and then inserted into the viewer for development, then viewed after development. This format was close to Super 8 mm film.
With one shot you get a series of four images on one print. The amazing four-lens photo - photo - photo - photo camera. The Lomo Action Sampler grabs time itself by the scruff of the neck, then neatly dissects it into four little pieces and then sticks it back together .
Flexible and open modular architecture / Easy to operate / Fully programmable / Small size / Low weight / Man portable/ Great indoor and outdoor mobility
Living camera uses bacteria to capture image
A dense bed of light-sensitive bacteria has been developed as a unique kind of photographic film. Although it takes 4 hours to take a picture and only works in red light, it also delivers extremely high resolution.The “living camera” uses light to switch on genes in a genetically modified bacterium that then cause an image-recording chemical to darken. The bacteria are tiny, allowing the sensor to deliver a resolution of 100 megapixels per square inch. http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn8365&feedId=online-news_rss20
A pinhole camera consists of two screens but no lens. A small hole has been punched in the first screen, and through this hole some of the rays of light emitted or reflected by the object pass, forming an inverted image of that object on the second screen, called the retinal plane.http://www.eleves.ens.fr/home/trung/pinhole_camera.html
The introduction of head cameras is hoped to deter people from committing crime and provide better evidence, which can bring the scene of an incident into the courtroom, and ensure those guilty of a crime are convicted. For the pilot uniformed officers will use the head cameras in an open and transparent way.
A road-rule enforcement camera is a system including a camera and a vehicle-monitoring device used to detect and identify vehicles disobeying a road rule or road rules.