(1861–1930). He first gained an international reputation as an explorer of the Arctic regions, but Fridtjof Nansen embraced much more during his career. He was an oceanographer, statesman, humanitarian, and Nobel prizewinner.
Nansen was born on Oct. 10, 1861, in Store-Frøen, near what is now Oslo, Norway. He studied zoology at the University of Oslo and became a vigorous outdoorsman. His first exploration of the North was a trek across Greenland in 1888. Soon after, he began planning a trip to the Arctic. He designed and built a ship, the Fram (Forward), which when caught in the ice would not be crushed but would be carried by the drift of the current. The expedition left Oslo on June 24, 1893, and returned in triumph on Aug. 13, 1896. His account of the journey, Farthest North, was published in Norwegian in 1897. The Fram, now on display in an Oslo museum, was later used by Roald Amundsen to visit Antarctica.
From 1896 to 1917 Nansen devoted most of his time to scientific studies and writing. He joined expeditions in the Norwegian Sea, to Spitsbergen, to the Azores, and through Siberia. When Norway became independent from Sweden in 1905, Nansen was appointed Norway’s minister to London from 1906 to 1908. When the League of Nations was established in 1920, he headed the Norwegian delegation. One of his earliest tasks was arranging for the repatriation from Russia of nearly 500,000 prisoners of war from the former armies of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Afterward, at the request of the International Red Cross, Nansen successfully raised funds for the relief of famine in Russia.
Because of these efforts Nansen was awarded the Nobel peace prize in 1922. The money he received was used for further relief work. Nansen died in Lysaker, Norway, on May 13, 1930. In 1931 the Nansen International Office for Refugees was created in his honor.