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the orchestral material at the beginning of a concerto gross which always returns later in the piece
a form in which a single melodic unit is repeated with harmonic, rhythmic, dyanamic, or timbral changes
a musical form consisting of a theme repeated a fifth above or a fourth below its first statement
A vocal solo in opera, cantats, and oratorios that declaims the text in a sung-speech manner, in free rhythm with minimal accompainment.
section of music that comes between the first theme and the second group and makes the transition
Stately Spanish Baroque dance type in triple meter, a standard movement of the Baroque suite
a self-contained composition for solo voice, usually with instrumental accompaniment and usually found within the context of an opera, oratorio or cantata
the classical orchestra
Size increases, standard group of 4 sections (strings, woodwinds in pairs- clarinet is new. Brass: pairs of horns, trumpets. Percussion: 2 timpani.) Note: trombones used in opera/church music. Composers expploited individual tone colors. Role of each section (strings most important; 1st violins with melody. Woodwinds add contrasting timbre; melodic solos. Brass adds power. Timpani for rhythmic bite and emphasis.
the opening section of a fugue, in which all the voices enter with the main subject.
especially in baroque music,a written-out composition in improvisational style, generally for organ or harpsichord
a section of a musical composition or movement in which themes introduced earlier are repeated
Motivic composer. Influenced the classical form of the symphony and string quartets as major instrumental forms. Taught Beethoven. (1732-1809)
the notes of a chord played in succession to one another, rather than simultaneously; a broken chord
Originally a hymn tune of the German Lutehran Church sung by the congregation in unison and in German.
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