Down's syndrome occurs when an extra chromosome in the twenty-first pair is found. While there is no known reason why this occurs, and either parent may contribute the extra chromosome, it is known that the chance of giving birth to a Down's child increases with the age of the mother. Four other chromosome defects produce recognizable syndromes. The cat-cry syndrome results from a missing part of the fifth chromosome. Due to vocal chord abnormalities the infant gives a characteristic cat cry. Severe retardation and numerous other physical complications are present. Tuberous sclerosis is a disease manifested by severe mental retardation, seizures, and a peculiar skin condition characterized by butterfly-shaped reddish-yellow tumors, usually on the cheeks alongside the nose. Disorders of protein and amino acid metabolism include the much researched phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is the inability of the body to oxidize the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. Additionally to triplet replicate expansion, genetic anticipation could be brought on by bias of ascertainment, which happens when a slight or variably mentioned condition very first diagnosed in grandchildren from the three generation pedigree is then very easily recognized in siblings from the grandchildren who are accessible for examination and testing. Normal intelligence is placed at an IQ of 100. Persons scoring below 70 IQ, two standard deviations below the mean, are considered to be mentally retarded. Psychological assessment, which can be done at any age, is designed to assess the intellectual and social adaptation of an individual. The assessment of brain damage may be done with the Reitan Battery or the Luria. The Bender-Gestalt and the Benton Visual Retention tests are commonly used as an initial screening of brain damage. Adaptive behavior refers to how well an individual is able to cope with life expectations. Independent functioning, personal responsibility, and social responsibility are the three major facets of adaptive behavior. A neurodevelopmental disorder is defined as an impairment of the growth and development of the central nervous system. It effects the child's brain function in controlling emotion, learning ability and memory as well as social interaction. Children with Asperger syndrome has no problem with speech development, but have very poor social and communication skills. Auditory processing disorder is defined as damaging of the neurological structures and pathways of sound perception, therefore children with this disorder are able to hear sounds but have trouble to interpret what they hear. The first type of epilepsy is called "Symptomatic Partial". While this type is observed in individuals of all age groups, when an individual develops this medical condition as an adult, it is the most commonly diagnosed type. Children that are anywhere from age five to age eight are typically diagnosed with the type of epilepsy known as "Idiopathic Partial". Many medical professionals have another name for this specific form of epilepsy. It's very important to have a healthy diet when you are pregnant. The normal development and health of your baby depends on it. All the dietitians in the world recommend a varied diet for pregnant women. The Blood Type Diet sounds interesting, and it became "trendy", even among Hollywood stars. This may be one of the reasons why there are women who are searching for a Blood Type And Pregnancy Diet.