MPLS Local Protection (Fast Reroute)
The goal of the protection is minimizing the down time. To do this, protection must be done near to the failure. Local protection does this. By doing this types of protection, it avoids using entire path protection. Local protection reroutes the traffic rapidly around the failure, so this mechanism is called “Fast Reroute (FRR)”.
In local protection the aim is not using another path after one path fails. Here, the aim is guiding the traffic to a different way excluding the failure point only. In other words, this is a temporary solution before the exact traffic route. Fast Reroute (FRR) keeps the traffic until a new LSP is given to that traffic by Head-End. It is not aim to keep traffic until the primary comes back.
As we say above, the protection is as close to the point of failure as possible for Fast Reroute (FRR). And the failover time is less than 50ms.
Fast Reroute (FRR) is applicable for LSPs established using RSVP-TE. And Fast Reroute (FRR) can only protect the Primary LSP-Path, Secondary Paths can not be protected.
In Secondary Paths (End-to-End Protection), the configuration overhead was too much. Fast Reroute (FRR) reduce this configuration overhead with automatic path calculation.
Fast Reroute (FRR) can not be used in IP networks. Why? Because in IP networks, the forwarding decisicon is done on every node. But in MPLS, source routing is using. Source routing, is the routing which the decision is done by Head-End and never change again till end of the link. So, Fast Reroute (FRR) is used in MPLS networks.
We can clasify the local protection mechanisms. If we clasify it by resurce that is protected, there are two types:
– Link Protection
– Node Protection
We will talk about this protection types in the following article.
With Fast Reroute (FRR), multiple Primary LSP-paths can be protected as long as they have shared paths. This methods clasified according to the number of LSPs protected. Local Protection (Fast Reroute) includes two methods. These methods are:
– One-to-One Backup (1:1)
– Many-to-One (Facility) Backup (1:N)
Implementations has their own advantages, so both One-to-One Backup and Facility Backup is used with these names usually.
The possible configuration options are:
– One-to-One Node Protection
– One-to-One Link Protection
– Facility Node Protection
– Facility Link Protection
Fast Reroute (FRR) Router Roles
Some of the routers has a special name according to the point they are located for MPLS Fast Reroute. These special routers are:
Head-End : The point that primary LSP-Path(protected) is configured and originates.
Tail-End : The point that primary LSP-Path(protected) is terminated.
PLR(Point of Local Repair) : Where the protection tunnel originates.
MP (Merge Point) : Where the protection tunnel terminates and merges into the original protected LSP-Path.