- The Antikythera mechanism, ca. 150 BC
- Stepped Reckoner, 1672 - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's mechanical calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
- Difference Engine, 1822 – Charles Babbage's mechanical device to calculate polynomials.
- Analytical Engine, 1837 – A later Charles Babbage device that could be said to encapsulate most of the elements of modern computers.
- Kerrison Predictor ("late 1930s" ?)
- Curta calculator, 1948
- Moniac, 1949 – An analog computer used to model or simulate the UK economy.
- Voskhod Spacecraft "Globus" IMP navigation instrument, early 1960s
- Automaton - Mechanical devices that, in some cases, can store data and perform calculations, and perform other complicated tasks.
- the Yahwist source ( J ) : written c. 950 BC in the southern Kingdom of Judah.
- the Elohist source ( E ) : written c. 850 BC in the northern Kingdom of Israel.
- the Deuteronomist ( D ) : written c. 600 BC in Jerusalem during a period of religious reform.
- the Priestly source ( P ) : written c. 500 BC by Kohanim (Jewish priests) in exile in Babylon.