ISSN / EISSN : 2085-3475 / 2540-9972
Published by: Universitas Airlangga (10.20473)
Total articles ≅ 140
Latest articles in this journal
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 134-141; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.134-141
Background: The world's population is currently in an era of aging with the number of elderly people exceeding 7% of the population. This condition will certainly bring positive and negative impacts. It’s needed to pay attention to the elderly, especially on their quality of life. Objective: To determine the differences in the quality of life of the elderly who live with their families in the working area of the Puskesmas Sukorejo and at Jember Tresna Werdha Social Service Unit. Methods: The type of this research was observational analytic using a cross-sectional research design. The study was conducted from January to March 2020. The population in this study amounted to 3472 elderly, consisting of elderly who live in the Tresna Werdha Jember Social Service Unit and live at home with their families in the working area of Sukorejo Community Health Center, Jember. The sample in this study amounted to 100 respondents, consisting of 50 respondents at each research location. The variable studied was the quality of life of the elderly from each place of residence. The data collection instruments included the MMSE questionnaire to assess cognitive impairment in the elderly and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to measure the quality of life in the elderly. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling. Results: The results showed that the majority of the elderly were aged 60-74 years, most of the elderly were female and never attended school. The majority of the elderly who live at home still have a partner, while those who live in the Social Service have no partner. Chi-square test results showed that there was no difference in the quality of life of the elderly in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains, but there were differences in the quality of life in the social domain. Conclusion: There were no differences in the quality of life in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains, but there were differences in the social domain, among respondents. The elderly who lived at home with their family had a better quality of life in the social domain. Suggestion for the elderly who live at home in the working area of the Sukorejo Community Health Center is to increase positive activities that can entertain themselves and participate in social activities, for the elderly who live at the Tresna Werdha Jember Social Services Unit, it is hoped that they can increase the intensity of good social relations between fellow elderly in homestead and do not close themselves off to the people around them, while for supervisors and caregivers in Tresna Werdha Jember Social Service Unit, it is expected to further improve assistance to the elderly to determine the quality of life of the elderly in each homestead.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 177-185; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.177-185
Background: Complete basic immunization for infants in Indonesia is an obligation in an effort to protect infant health. It is one of the important indicators in determining the quality of health services in a certain area. However, the coverage of complete basic immunization in Indonesia in 2017 and 2018 has not been achieved nationally with National Strategic Planning and it has not been achieved the targets of 80% of districts/cities in 2019. Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors correlated to the complete basic immunization coverage of infants in Indonesia in 2017-2019. Methods: Ecological analysis was carried out using secondary data from the report of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2017-2019. Univariate analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and one sample Kolmogorov Smirnov. Bivariate analysis was conducted by correlation test (Pearson and Spearman) and scatter plot. Results: Complete basic immunization for infants had a significant correlation with the adequacy of midwives at the primary health care in 2017 (r = -0.337). There was significant correlation between poverty and complete basic immunization in 2017 and 2018 (r = -0.362 and r = -0.535). In 2019, active Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) was correlated to the complete basic immunization (r = 0.444). The first neonatal visit was correlated to the complete basic immunization of infants for three consecutive years (2017-2019). Conclusion: Efforts that can be made to increase the coverage of complete basic immunization in Indonesia are increasing the distribution of midwives in Indonesia, increasing the coverage of the first neonatal visit by paying attention to Posyandu cadres, especially in provinces with high poverty rates.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 115-124; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.115-124
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic is ineluctable, transmission that originated from a foreign country became the local transmission in Indonesia. As several regional authorities implemented a large-scale social restriction policy to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, the Nganjuk Regency government chose to implement a different strategy with the implementation of Regent Regulation number 28 of 2020 about novel practice in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of the implementation of the regulation on COVID-19 transmissibility and mortality at the Nganjuk Regency. Methods: Data were collected from the daily confirmed cases and death of COVID-19 made accessible for the public by the Nganjuk Regency Task Force for COVID-19 and Nganjuk Regency Health Office starting from March 30th to September 20th. Interrupted time series analysis was performed to estimate the impact of the implementation of regent regulation on COVID-19 transmission and mortality parameters. Result: The trend of new confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 in the Nganjuk Regency continued to fluctuate before and even after the implementation of regent regulation. It was found that there were reductions in case of fatality rates by -0.002 ± 0.003 (ρ 0.002) on CFR and -0.008 ± 0.008 (ρ 0.007) on eCFR after the regent regulation was implemented but there was no significant reduction on COVID-19 transmissibility parameter. Conclusion: Implementation of regent regulation in Nganjuk Regency significantly affected the reduction of case fatality rate but failed to slow down the COVID-19 transmissibility. Intensive community engagement to comply with the health preventive measures should be considered as an effective preventive strategy to reduce the transmission of COVID-19.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 91-100; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.91-100
Background: Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The global incidence of scabies in 2014 was 0.3%-46%, while the incidence of scabies in Indonesia, especially in Banyuwangi Regency was 1871 cases in 2016 and 1730 cases in 2017. Objective: The study objective was to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and symptoms of scabies among students. Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design located at the Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Nurul Amin Islamic Boarding School, Kalipuro, Banyuwangi. The number of students living in Islamic boarding schools was 191 students, the sample size was 63 students by simple random sampling. Data regarding personal hygiene habits were collected in April-May 2020, it used Google Forms sent via WhatsApp application to the students and in-depth interviews with the student caregivers. Data analysis using chi-square test, presented in tables and narrative. Results: The results showed that 42.9% of students had symptoms of scabies and there was a significant relationship between personal hygiene and symptoms of scabies, especially in habit of scratching (P value = 0.000) and the habit of using clothes, towels, as well as prayer tools together (P value = 0.012). Conclusion: The habit of scratching body parts with nails and using clothes, towels and, prayer tools alternately could be risk factors for the transmission of scabies to students. Students should have good personal hygiene and not share their personal equipment such as clothes, towels, and, prayer tools. The boarding school managers were advised to complete sanitation facilities, to organize a clean and tidy bedroom competition between the students.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 125-133; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.125-133
Introduction: The numbers of COVID-19 sufferers in various countries are continuing to increase, including in Indonesia. COVID-19 has a wide impact, including on the online transportation service sector. Since 2015 in Samarinda City, there has been an online transportation service, namely Gojek Indonesia, which provides services to customers in the form of shuttle passengers, food delivery, and other necessities, including goods delivery services. The online transportation driver group is one of the groups at high risk of transmitting COVID-19. Objective: This study aimed to obtain information about COVID-19 prevention behavior including driver's knowledge of COVID-19, perceptions, and customer service on online transportation drivers in Samarinda. Methods: This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. The informants in this study were selected as many as 5 people. The Gojek at Cendana Street was chosen because it is the main entrance and exit route of tourists in Samarinda. The data technique was an interview and used qualitative data analysis. Results: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease. Drivers considered that COVID-19 is a dangerous disease, frightening, and causes excessive panic in the community because of its rapid spread and risks to all groups of people, including online transportation drivers. Serving customers remains a priority even though they understand the risk of contracting COVID-19. Efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 carried out by Gojek drivers including using masks, washing hands with flowing water and soap, or hand sanitizer, also cleaning helmets or replacing them with spare helmets. Conclusion: The transmission of COVID-19 can be prevented by behaving cleanly and healthy also prioritize the prevention of transmission of COVID-19, such as wearing masks while doing activities, keeping passenger helmets clean, and washing hands after serving customers.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 159-167; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.159-167
Background: As well as other countries, Basic Health Research 2018 (Riskesdas) reported that adolescent pregnancies (aged under 20 years) occurred in almost all provinces in Indonesia. More than 60,000 Indonesian females experienced pregnancy at a young age. Objective: This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Indonesian women who had been pregnant under the age of 20 years. Methods: This study used a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, the data processed was from Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018. The subjects were 67,392 women who experienced their first pregnancy under the age of 20 years. The independent variables of the study included the respondent's domicile, age, education level, and occupation. The dependent variable was the age at first pregnancy. All variables were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: Almost all (95.4%) Indonesian women who had experienced adolescent pregnancy were in the age range of 14-19 years when they were first pregnant. Most of the respondents lived in rural areas (68.1%), were in late adulthood (32.9%) when the survey was conducted, had completed primary school education (38.7%), and were not working (47.9%). Domicile, age, education, and occupation were related significantly to the age at which they were first pregnant (P-Value = 0.0001). Education affected the age at first pregnancy in women with a history of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 2.215). Conclusion: Adolescent with low education level is 2.2 riskier to have early pregnancy than an adolescent with high-level education. The government needs to make it a priority and seriously provide provision of reproductive health education among children before they get into their adolescence phase.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 186-194; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.186-194
Background: Child marriage is a marriage that is conducted formally or informally by spouses or with one of the spouses aged 18. Child marriage is a phenomenon that involves socio-cultural elements thus many factors influence it. Girls are 3 times more likely to experience child marriage than boys. Various conditions that occur in child marriage have generated interest in seeing a broader view of how married girls view their married life. Objective: This review was conducted to explore research findings related to the experiences of girls who were married under 18 years of age so that it could be used as an illustration to see the condition of girls in child marriage life. Methods: This review used three databases PubMed, ProQuest, and EbscoHost. The search for articles used main keywords, namely "child marriage", "women experience", and "marriage life" combined with helper keywords. The articles were full-text, in English, not limited by year and country, and discussed child marriage from a woman's perspective. Results: This review was done on 10 articles that were screened and analyzed out of 2259 articles. All articles used a qualitative method and were originated from Malaysia (2 articles), Pakistan (2 articles), Iran (2 articles), United States, Morocco, Jordan, and Israel. The total participants were 187 people from all articles. The causes of marriage in girls were poverty, prevention of premarital sex, adolescent pregnancy solutions, and personal desires of the girls. The state of marriage was seen from self-actualization and pressures on the role of girls in married life. Conclusion: This review summarized the reasons for marriage before the age of 18 were due to poverty factors, the avoidance of premarital sex, teenage pregnancy solutions and the willingness of girls themselves to marry. This review also summarized the situation of girls in child marriages who were unable to be self-reliant and were under pressure to perform their position in the household. Child marriage also caused new issues in the lives of girls, hence it was necessary to consider getting married at the age of under 18 years.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 142-150; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.142-150
Background: According to aging Index data in 2035, it is projected that there will be 73 elderly people per 100 population increasing every year. The implication of increasing the number of elderly is an increase in cognitive function degradation that affects the old age ratio dependency in carrying out normal daily activities. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the elderly cognitive functions at the Islamic Village Nursing Home. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design with the sampling technique using a total population of 48 elderly woman respondents. The location of the research was carried out at the Islamic Village Nursing Home, Tangerang. Data collection was carried out in March to April 2020. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire for cognitive function measured using the standard Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) questionnaire and the level of independence measured using the standard Barthel Index checklist. Other respondent characteristic data were collected through interviews and observations. Results: Cognitive function has a significant relationship with the level of independence of elderly women with values (OR = 5.402; p = 0.013; CI = 95% 1.430 - 20.426). Elderly women with impaired cognitive function (MMSE score> 23) are at risk of experiencing a dependency level of 4.5 times in fulfilling daily activities compared to elderly women whose cognitive function is normal. Conclusion: The decline in cognitive function in the elderly is the biggest cause of the inability to carry out normal daily activities and also the most common reason for being dependent on others to take care of themselves. It is hoped that services at the nursing home, especially caregivers, can improve the quality of services for the elderly by increasing overall attention both by providing a holistic, comprehensive diagnostic effort, by paying attention to the role of the elderly so that the quality of life of the elderly can be improved.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 101-114; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.101-114
Background: Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2018 found as many as 15 provinces out of 35 provinces had a prevalence of alcohol consumption above the national prevalence, and Papua was reportedly in the top 15 of the prevalence of high alcohol consumption (alcohol) as much as 4.6%. Objective: To describe the obstacles to the implementation of local government policies in curbing the circulation of alcohol in Jayapura City. Method: This is a descriptive study using a qualitative single instrumental case study design in Jayapura City from May to September 2020. Purposive sampling technique was employed to determine participants who consisted of an integrated team of alcohol control and supervision (n =6). Data collection was using in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. Result: Communication between the integrated team was not optimal. National Food and Drug Agency (BPOM) had not routinely conducted sample tests as the majority of traditional alcoholic beverages sold in shops such as local liquors were illegal. The division of duties and responsibilities by the integrated team was good, but the execution in the field was not as agreed upon. There were alcohol traders who have not applied for licenses to sell alcohol because the process to get license permits was too complicated. The content of Perda No.8 of 2014 weakened the police because they could not give punishment like Satpol PP, however, Satpol PP did not have an investigating team. Conclusion: The lack of commitment from the control and supervision team of alcohol circulation in carrying out their duties. The resources involved were lacking. Coordination among the integrated teams was not going well thus the division of tasks and authorities with implementation actions in the field did not work according to the policy enforce in Jayapura City. Evaluation of work programs by policy implementers could be carried out to increase the success of implementation.
Jurnal PROMKES, Volume 9, pp 151-158; https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.151-158
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that can be prevented by controlling the risk factors. Diabetes mellitus prevention practice is important so that prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be carried out effectively. There are several factors that cause a person to practice prevention against diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study aims to analyze factors related to the practice of type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention among Diponegoro University students in Semarang. Methods: This is a quantitative study with an observational analytic approach and a cross-sectional study design. The time of research was May-August 2020. The instrument in this study was a google form questionnaire. The population in this study were active undergraduate students of Diponegoro University in 2020, amounting to 36,425 students. The sample size in this study was 407 respondents. The variables of the study were family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, knowledge level, attitude, family support, and preventive practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The relationship test was performed using the chi-square test on a computer application. Results: This study showed there was a significant relationship between family history type 2 diabetes mellitus (0,017), knowledge level (0,00), attitude (0,00), and family support (0,00) for the preventive practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus in students. Conclusion: Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, knowledge level, attitude, and family support are factors related to the preventive practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus among students of Diponegoro University in Semarang. There is a need for education and provision of information related to knowledge on diabetes mellitus prevention for students at Diponegoro University, Semarang.