2D Maps are two-dimensional images that are typically mapped onto the surface of geometric objects, or used as environment maps to create a background for the scene. The simplest 2D maps are bitmaps; other kinds of 2D maps are generated procedurally.
A bitmap is an image produced by a fixed matrix of colored pixels, like a mosaic. Bitmaps are useful for creating many kinds of materials, from wood grains and wall surfaces to skin and feathers. You can also use an animation or video file instead of a bitmap to create an animated material.
The Checker map applies a two-color checkerboard pattern to the material. The default checker map is a pattern of black and white squares. Checker maps are 2D procedural maps. The component checkers can be either colors or maps.
With the Combustion map, you can create maps interactively using the Autodesk Combustion software and 3ds Max at the same time. As you use Combustion to paint on a bitmap, the material updates automatically in the Material Editor and in shaded viewports.
Gradient Ramp is a 2D map similar to the Gradient map. It shades from one color to another. In this map, however, you can specify any number of colors or maps for the gradient. There are a variety of controls, making highly customized gradients possible. Almost any parameter of Gradient Ramp can be animated.
Swirl is a 2D procedural map that generates patterns similar to the swirls in two-flavor ice creams. Like other two-color maps, either color can be replaced with other maps, so it’s possible to swirl marble with wood, for example.
Using the Tiles procedural map, you can create brick or stacked tiling of colors or material mappings. There are commonly defined architectural brick patterns available, or you can design custom patterns.