Chapter 18: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of a fist Location Enclosed in pericardium, a double-walled sac Pericardium Superficial fibrous pericardium Deep two-layered serous pericardium Layers of the Heart Wall Epicardium—visceral layer of the serous pericardium Myocardium Endocardium is continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels Chambers Four chambers: two atria and two ventricles Atria: The Receiving Chambers Walls are ridged by pectinate muscles Vessels entering right atrium o Superior vena cava o Inferior vena cava o Coronary sinus Vessels entering left atrium o Right and left pulmonary veins Ventricles: The Discharging Chambers Walls are ridged by trabeculae carneae Papillary muscles project into the ventricular cavities Vessel leaving the right ventricle o Pulmonary trunk Vessel leaving the left ventricle o Aorta Pathway of Blood Through the Heart The heart is two side-by-side pumps o Right side is the pump for the pulmonary circuit Vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs o Left side is the pump for the systemic circuit Vessels that carry the blood to and from all body tissues Pathway of Blood Through the Heart Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries lungs
A&PII: Ch. 18, page 2/5
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium Left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle Left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta Aorta systemic circulation Coronary Circulation The functional blood supply to the heart muscle itself Arteries o Right and left coronary, marginal, circumflex, and anterior interventricular arteries Veins o Small cardiac, anterior cardiac, and great cardiac veins Homeostatic Imbalances Angina pectoris o Thoracic pain caused by a fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium o Cells are weakened Myocardial infarction... [continues]
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