SQ10103 PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE
This course is designed to provide a basic account of the various types of aquaculture systems and of the concepts of sustainable aquaculture management. Topics that are given special emphasis include aims and scope of aquaculture practices, biological principles underlying the aquaculture development, desired qualities of cultivable organisms, and socio-economic importance of aquaculture for Malaysia.
Baird, D., Beveridge, M., Kelly, L., and Muir, J. (1996). Aquaculture and Water Resources Management. Fishing New Books, Oxford.
Huet, M (1986). Buku Teks Mengkultur Ikan. Pembiakan dan Pemeliharaan Ikan. Terjemahan Faizah Shaharom, Hassan Hj. Mohd. Daud dan Siti Khalijah Daud. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
Mustafa, S. and Rahman, R.A. (2000). Sustainable Marine Aquaculture: Recent Developments Withwith Special Reference to Southeast Asia. UMS.
Nash, C. (1985). Aquaculture Sector Planning and Management. Fishing News Books, Oxford.
Parker, R. (1995). Aquaculture Science. Dealmar Publishers, London.
Stickney, R.R. (1994). Principles of Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
SQ10203 FISH BEHAVIOUR
This course is designed to provide a basic knowledge of fish behaviour and fish sensory organs (i.e. the eyes, lateral lines, olfactory organs, inner ear and taste buds). Topics include the relationship between fish behaviour and their sensory organs to help understand fish ecology and aquaculture. Other topics include fishing technology utilizing fish behaviour that can be used to help protect fish resources.
Bone, Q., Marshall, N.B., and Blaxter, J.H.S. (1995). Biology of fishes. Chapman & Hall.
Copp, G. H., Kovac, V., and Hensel, K. (1999). When do fishes become juveniles? Development in Environmental Biology of Fishes 19. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Evans, D. H. (1997). The physiology of fishes. CRC Marine Science Series.
Kapoor,B.G. and Hara, T. J. (2001). Sensory Biology of Jawed Fish. Science Publishers, New Hampshire.
SQ10303 BIOLOGY OF AQUACULTURED FISH
This course is intended to provide an account of some aspects of the biology of fish. Students will learn outline classification, diversity, structural organization, essential life functions and the various links in the life cycle of fish. Methods of determining food and feeding habits, age, growth and breeding will be given special emphasis. Application of biological data in aquaculture of the target animals will be elaborated. Practical work will be carried out in the laboratory, aquarium, hatchery and field.
Cailliet, G.M., M.S. Love, and A.W. Ebeling. 1986. Fishes: A field and laboratory manual on their structure, identification and natural history. Wadsworth Inc., California.
Hoar, W.S and Randall, D.J.. (1988). Fish Physiology. Academic Press, New York.
Moyle, P.B. and Cech, J.J. (1996) Fishes: An Introduction to lchthyology. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
Nelson, J.S. (1994). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Shammi, Q.J. and S. Bhatnagar. (2002). Applied Fisheries. Agrobios, Jodhpur.
SQ10403 AQUATIC CHEMISTRY AND POLLUTION
This course seeks to provide an understanding of water that helps make aquaculture more environment-friendly and productive. Discussion begins with the qualities of water and extends to cover details of its dissolved gases, nutrients and other materials. Factors that affect water quality are explained. Water management and disposal methods are given special emphasis. Next half of the course deals with water pollution and its control. Topics of discussion include effects of pollution on aquaculture – problems associated with survival, growth and reproduction, pollution induced diseases and abnormalities in fish and shellfish, and public health problems. Students are also made familiar with the measures required for controlling pollution in aquaculture.
APHA, AWWA, WPCF. (1985). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16th edition. USA.
Bartam, J. and Ballane, R. (1996). Water Quality Monitoring. UNEP, WHO, Chapman & Hall, London.
Boyd, C. E. (1992). Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture, Vol. 9. Elsevier Science Publishers, USA.
Midlen, A. and Redding, T.A. (1998). Environmental Management for Aquaculture. Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA.
Pankow, J.F. (1991). Aquatic Chemistry Concepts. Lewis Publisher. USA.
Snoeyink, V.L. and Jenkins, D. (1980). Water Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, USA.
SQ10603 BIOLOGY OF AQUACULTURED INVERTEBRATES
Students are provided basic information on biology of invertebrates of major importance in aquaculture (molluscs, crustaceans and sea cucumbers). Included in the syllabus are topics such as taxonomy, adaptive radiations, salient ecological features and main life functions of these invertebrates.
Baird, D.J., Beveridge, M.C.M., Kelly, L.A. and Muir, J.F. (1996). Aquaculture and Water Resources Management. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Kestemont, J., Muir, J.F., Sevila, F. and Williot, P. (1994). Measures for Success: Metrology and Instrumentation in Aquaculture Management.
Lee, D.O.C. and Wickins, J.F. (1997). Crustacean Farming. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
Muir, J. F. and Roberts R.J. (1999). Recent Advances in Aquaculture. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
Rosenberry, B. (2001). World Shrimp Farming 2001. Shrimp News International, San Diego, California.
Southgate, P. and Lucas, J. 1997. Aquaculture: Fish and Shellfish Farming. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
SQ20103 AQUACULTURE FARM
This course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure, operation and management of an aquaculture farm. Topics selected for discussion include both freshwater and marine fish farming, prawn farming, feeding for aquaculture farm and aquaculture farm products. Basic information on site selection, topography, design and construction, productivity, environmental criteria and production efficiency of an aquaculture farm will be explained. Important infrastructure in fish farm such as aeration system, water system, and water-intake system will be covered in detail.
Blakely, D. and Hrusa, C.T. (1997). Inland Aquaculture Development Handbook. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Bromage, N. and Roberts, R.J. (1997). Broodstock Management and Egg and Larval Quality. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Huet, M (1986). Buku Teks Mengkultur Ikan. Pembiakbakaan dan Pemeliharaan Ikan. Terjemahan Faizah Shaharom, Hassan Hj. Mohd. Daud dan Siti Khalijah Daud. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
Swift, D.R. (1993). Aquaculture Training Manual. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
SQ20203 FISH HEALTH AND DISEASES
This course discusses the types and causes of common infectious (caused by bacteria, crustaceans, protozoans, worms, fungi and viruses) and non-infectious (caused by environmental, nutritional and genetic factors) fish diseases. The symptoms, diagnosis, and life cycle and mode of infection of the pathogens will be described in detail. Important topics such as fish immunization and vaccination are also covered.
Des Clers, S. (1994). Sampling to Detect Infections and Estimate Prevalence in Aquaculture. Pisces Press, Stirling.
Frerichs, G.N. and Millers, S.D. (1993). Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Fish Bacterial Pathogens.Pisces Press, Stirling.
Noga, E.J. (2000). Fish Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. Iowa State University Press, Iowa.
Plumb, J. (1999). Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes. Blackwell Science.
SQ20303 HATCHERY DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
This course discusses the design of and site selection for fish hatcheries, including the infrastructures needed for their effective operation. Topics for discussion also include water supply, water storage and distribution, water recirculation and reconditioning facilities; operation and maintenance of hatcheries; brood stock management, spawning and seed production; handling, feeding and rearing of larval stages and grow-outs, and harvesting.
Bardach, J.E., Ryther, J.H. and McLarney, W.O. (1976). Aquaculture: The Farming and Husbandary of Freshwater and Marine Organisms. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Southgate, P. and Lucas, J. (2001). Aquaculture Fish and Shellfish Farming.
Swift, D.R. (1993). Aquaculture Training Manual. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
SQ20403 BREEDING AND GENETIC SELECTION
The importance of breeding and genetic selection in knowledge-based aquaculture development will be discussed in this course. Selected topics include broadly the application of genetic principles in aquaculture, basic cyto-genetic processes in development of gametes, broodstock management, breeding cycle, induced breeding, hybridization, inbreeding problems, egg quality and gamete preservation. Deployment of biotechnology tools in responsible aquaculture will be elaborately presented. Since fish have received attention in other courses, special emphasis in this course will be given to shrimps that form a high value group of aquaculture animals among the invertebrates.
Bromage, N. and Roberts, R.J (1994). Broodstock Management and Egg and Larval Quality. Fishing News Books, Oxford.
Lutz, G.(2001). Practical Genetic for Aquaculture. Blackwell Science.
Mustafa, S. (1999). Genetics in Sustainable Fisheries Management. Fishing News Books, Oxford.
Tave, D. (1993). Genetics for Fish Hatchery Managers. 2nd edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Thorpe, J., Gall, G., lannan, J. and Nash, C. (1995). Conservation of Fish and Shellfish Resources: Managing Diversity. Academic Press, London.
SQ20503 FISH NUTRITION AND ARTIFICIAL FEEDING
This course covers a basic understanding of nutrition, nutrient requirements of fish and use of practical diets in aquaculture. Interdisciplinary nature of the science of nutrition, digestion, absorption, and feeding types are briefly explained. Nutrient and energy requirements are covered in detail. Next part of the course describes principal types of artificial feed and their ingredients, preparation and processing of fresh and dry feeds, diets formulation, chemical composition of feeds, ration size, feeding schedules, and feed calculations (feed conversion, protein efficiency, food quotient, feed costs, etc.).
Diabramo, L.R., Conklin, D.S., and Akiyama, D.M. (1997). Crustacean Nutrition. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rogue, Los Angeles.
Goddard, S. (1996). Feed Management in Insentive Culture. Chapman & Hall, New York.
Halver, J.E. (1989). Fish Nutrition. Second Edition. Academic Press, London.
Joblings, M. (1994). Fish Bionergetics. Chapman & Hall, London.
Lovell, T. (1989). Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Wilson, R.P. (1991). Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish. CRS Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
SQ20603 AQUACULTURE CAGES, PENS, AND ENCLOSURES
This course provides the theoretical and practical aspects of layout and principles of operation of various types of cages, pens and enclosures. Special emphasis is given to the technology component of these systems. Distinguishing features of these facilities and basic principles of their operation are elaborated. Details of design and construction (shape, size, and material), site selection (environmental criteria and facilities), management, and advantages and disadvantages of each system will be covered.
Beveridge, M. (1996). Cage Aquaculture, Fishing News Books, Oxford.
McVey, J.P. (1991). Finish Aquaculture: Handbook of Mariculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Reinersten, H., Dahle, L.A., Jorgensen, L. and Tvinnereim, K. (1993). Fish Farming Technology. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
Stickney, R. R. (2000). The Encylopedia of Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons.
SQ20803 FISH SEED PRODUCTION AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES
This course discusses the seed production and culture technique of several commercial aquatic organisms in Malaysia and Southeast Asian region. Selected species are: tilapia ( Salaserodon niloticus), patin ( Clarias gariepinus), African catfish ( Pangasius hypopthalmus), seabass ( Lates calcarifer), groupers, tiger prawn, giant freshwater prawn, crabs, lobsters, abalone, oyster, frogs, turtles and sea cucumber.
Bardach, J.E., Ryther, J.H., and McLarney, W.O. (1979). Aquaculture: The Farming and Husbandary of Freshwater and Marine Organisms. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Fallu, R. (1991). Abalone Farming. Fishing News Books, Oxford.
Gosling, E. (1998). Bivalve Mollusks: Biology, Ecology and Culture. Fishing News Books, Oxford.
Lee, D.O.C. and Wickins, J.F. (1997).Crustacean Farming. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
SQ30303 FISHERIES STOCK ENHANCEMENT AND SEA RANCHING
This course outlines the concepts and practices of stock enhancement and sea ranching for a variety of marine fish and invertebrate species to increase the productivity of existing fisheries, to create new fisheries, and to restore those that have been depleted due to overexploitation. Basic elements for marine ranching, advances made in this field and consequences for the environment and wild organisms will be discussed in detail. There will be a balanced coverage of the constraints and opportunities, and a discussion of economic evaluation of sea ranching.
Hancock, D.A., Smith, D.C., Grant, A., and Beumer, J.P. (1997). Developing and Sustaining World Fisheries Resources: The State of Science and Management. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
Howell, B.R., Moksness, E., and Svasand, T. (1999). Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching. Fishing News Books, Oxford.
Kitajima, C. (1993). Healthy Fry for Release, and Their Production Techniques. Koseisha Koseikaku, Tokyo.
SQ30503 SEAWEED CULTURE
Lectures will focus on the fundamentals of phycology and introduction of varieties of economically important seaweed species that are being cultivated around the world. An in-depth preview of seaweed diversity in Malaysia with emphasis on the availability of seaweed resources as a lucrative seaweed-based industry will be given. Selected topics on seaweed variety, distribution and the biological features of local seaweeds; seaweed culture practices and state-of-the-art protoplast generation techniques; harvesting, seaweed diseases and post-harvest practices; extraction of commercially important phycocolloid and the problems faced in this industry will be discussed.
Calumpong, H.P., and Memez, E.G. (1988). Field Guide to the Common Mangroves, Seagrass and Algae of the Philippines. Bookmark, Philippines.
Dawes, C.J. (1997). Marine Botany. Second edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Luning, K. (1990). Seaweeds: Their Environment, Biogeography and Ecophysiology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Trono, G.C. (1993). Eucheuma and Kappaphycus: Taxonomy and Cultivation. In: Seaweed Cultivation and Marine Ranching. Ohno & Critchley (eds.), JICA, Japan.
SQ30604 SHARED FARM
This is a practical course. It is unique as there are no specific lectures, but instead students are directly involved in a farm operation. Evaluation for this course is based on students’ participation in operating, managing and producing a viable farm product. Beginning in the second semester, students will be given responsibilities suitable with their present level of knowledge. If they succeed to continue to the following semester, the new responsibilities that they will be given will be transformed qualitatively. This is to ensure that the farm operations are carried out based on shared responsibilities, yet each student is involved in every aspect of the aquaculture farm operational process. The Universiti will provide logistical support, and students are expected to produce a high quality product through cost effective ways and efficient management system, beginning from seed production, farming until harvest-size and marketing of the produce.
SQ30703 SHRIMP CULTURE
This course provides a comprehensive coverage of shrimp culture. Included in the discussion and practical training sessions are details of the methods of shrimp culture, with special reference to Penaeus monodon, environmental requirements, breeding and seed production, grow-out, health care, nutrition, and elements of sustainable culture management.
Lee, D.O.C., and Wickins, J.F. (1997). Crustacean Farming. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Rosenberry, B. (2001). World Shrimp Farming 2001. Shrimp News International, San Diego, California.
Southgate, P., and Lucas, J. (1997). Aquaculture: Fish and Shellfish Farming. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
SQ30803 AQUACULTURE ECONOMICS DAN MARKETING
This course covers a comprehensive overview of aquaculture economics and marketing. The course is designed to make the students aware of the tools and strategies for successful aquaculture business management. First part of the course mainly deals with elements of aquaculture economics, demand and supply of aquaculture product, production management, evaluation of investment, financial management of aquaculture farm, enterprise budgeting and economic risk management in aquaculture business. The second part of the course covers the marketing concept, selecting target markets, product design, product pricing, promotion, marketing channel, competitor analysis and competitive marketing strategies.
Bailey, C., Jentoft, S., and Sinclair, P. (1999). Aquaculture Development: Social Dimensions of an Emerging Industry. Westview Press, New York.
Charles, A., and Copes, P. (2001). Fishery Socio-economics. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Chaston, I. (1999). Business Management in Fisheries and Aquaculture. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Jolly, C. M., and Clontis, H. A. (1993). Economic of Aquaculture. Haworth Press, Inc, New York.
Palfreman, A. (1999). Fish Business Management: Strategy, Marketing and Development, Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Shang, Y.C. (1990). Aquaculture Economic Analysis. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles.
Shaw, S.A. (1990). Marketing: A Practical Guide for Fish Farmers: News Books (Blackwell Science), Oxford.
SQ31003 FISH HANDLING AND PROCESSING
Post harvest handling and processing of fish, with emphasis to aquaculture products will be discussed in this course. Basic concepts pertaining to moisture, water activity and spoilage will be given weight. Main topics will be factors contributing to food spoilage, damage control, salting, dehydration, antibiotic treatment, deep-freezing, cold and heat sterilization, canning and quality control. Basic principles on the bacterial and fungal activities on the food and principles of controlling them will be taught. On the whole, this course will delve upon the processes and utilization of marine food resources via scientific methods.
Bligh, E.G. (1997). Seafood Science and Technology. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Govindan, T.K. (1985). Fish Processing Technology. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi.
Horner, W. (1998). Fish Preservation and Processing. Blackwell Science, Oxford.