LAB REPORT FOR GENE LINKAGE AND MAPPING OF WHITE, YELLOW AND SINGED GENES
This paper looks at the study of genetics and how we have crossed different genes to try and see how they cross to come up with different genetic makeup. The paper looks at Gregor Mendel, who was the first person to study genetics. In his work, he carried out experiments using plants. The study also looks at Morgan, who also conducted experiments with the Drosophila, and he came up with answers to questions he had on the eye color of these flies.
Genetics is a branch of science that deals with the study of heredity and its complex components. Genes are tiny units within cells which make heredity possible (Hand 1). Geneticists study how genes affect heredity and influence characterization. This study seeks to answer questions to some commonly asked questions. These are questions such as: How can parents who have blue eyes give birth to a child with brown eyes? Why are some twins identical while others look remarkably different? How can parents who are tall have a child who is short? Genes influence the development of particular diseases, height, skin, and eye color. This led to the development of this field of science, as people sought to get reliable answers to these and other questions.
Gregor Mendel was particularly the first person to study genetics, carrying out experiments using plants. These plants were in a botanical garden at a monastery in Monrovia. Mendel based his study mainly on using peas as his primary source of study. He grew 34 different types of peas in a greenhouse to speed up their maturity. He wanted to find out if these peas would always produce true breeds, if green peas always produced green peas, and yellow ones yellow peas (Henig 14). He also wanted to know if tall plants would always produce tall offsprings, and dwarf plants the same. He came up with certain laws, which are referred to as Mendel’s Laws. The first law is concerned with the segregation of characteristics. This means that for any single pair of characteristics, only one of these characteristics can be represented in a gamete. His second law was the law of independent assortment. This meant to explain that for any two characteristics, their genes are inherited independently. One can inherit a certain characteristic from the mother and another from the father. The Mendelian rules are very important in genetics and have been applied for many years.
Morgan also conducted experiments with the Drosophila, and he came up with answers to questions he had on the eye color of these flies. He crossed a white-eyed male with a red-eyed female. This resulted in red-eyed females and white-eyed males in the f1 generation. The f2 generation produced both white and red-eyed males, while all the females remained red-eyed. He thus concluded that eye color in the Drosophila fly was sex-linked. This paper seeks to give a lab report on gene linkage and the mapping of white, yellow, and singed genes.
The aim of the experiment carried out was to help in familiarizing with some of the phenotypes commonly used in genetic research of Drosophila melanogaster. The accurate execution of the experiment would lead to a well-revealed genetic composition. The main aim was to test heterozygous and whether they have X linked mutation genes. The significance of the study was to determine the difference between the genes and their respective X chromosomes. The main purpose of the report was to aid in preparing a lab report. The hypothesis made here was that crossing over would be observed in both the F1 and the F2 generations.
We carried out the experiment in the following manner:
- Melanogaster males were used in the experiment. The flies in the vial were then anesthetized. Three white males were then sorted and placed in a new vial.
- We obtained another vial of Canton-S D with melanogaster females. These were wild-type flies. The vial was anesthetized. Three wild-type virgin females were selected and placed into the same vial as the three white males. The vial labeling was done in the correct manner.
- The reciprocal cross was made of white female flies. They were anesthetized as before, and three of the virgins placed in a vial. Three wild-type males were added to this vial. These were also labeled like before.
- The vials were put under cauterized study.
- Data was recorded.
- Through the experiment, mutant virgin females were the general study basis, and all were female.
- The females were then anesthetized. Using a dissecting microscope, it was confirmed that the flies were female and had the triple mutant phenotype.
- Two clean culture vials were obtained, and three of the virgins placed in each.
- Wild-type males were anesthetized, and three added to each vial of virgins. The vial was labeled as before…