Educational Psychology, this involves using logical investigations to arrive at ways of understanding how adults and children think and behave as part of the educational system," http://www.psych-ed.org/index.htm
In spite of the famous saying that a human being remains a perpetual student all his life, till recently only children used to study…
A child starts learning much before his schooling. It is done intuitionally as the child is psychologically tuned to learning every moment, after it attains learning capability.
"In addition, the child has very strong motivation to learn. His motivation to learn stems from three sources: pleasure, power, and security. Sheer delight results from exploring, experimenting, finding out, observing, understanding, constructing. The child's urge to gain increased power in his daily practical world also pushes him toward greater understanding and competence. Finally, the child needs knowledge of what to expect next, in order to feel secure," (Isaacs, 1974, p.6).
Edward Thorndyke developed the psychological connectivism theory of learning. This theory is supposed to be representing the original S-R framework of behavioral psychology, which depends on learning with connectivity between stimuli and responses. The original theory was of trial and error learning and has three primary laws:
According to this theory, which mainly focuses on learning transfer from teacher to student, learning transfer mainly takes place when the situation and identical elements are both present. The elements required are the teacher capable of transferring the knowledge, student or students, eager to receive that knowledge, and a comfortable, understandable, atmosphere, without stress. It is all the more better, if the place is already familiar to the student, for example, a classroom. Familiar place adds to the comfort level of students. It also brings a sense of belongingness meaning a learner is more comfortable inside a classroom or with a teacher both of which he is used to, than under unfamiliar circumstances, and new faces of new teachers. It is the part of natural learning that a student would take some time before getting used to a new teacher, or a new classroom or a new building. This is the reason why the education retards when a child is shifted to another city. In younger students, a new teacher is always less favored, till the students are happy to accept him.
The theory works on Gestalt principles, where the stimuli and response go together to create a complete affect. A concept of 'polarity' is introduced into this theory to merely specify that connections are easily established in the already formed direction and not in the opposite directions, or in the newly formed path.
Connectionism is considered to be the general theory of learning in all ages. It is the theory that exists between animals and humans during any kind of interaction and learning. Thorndike specifically recommended this theory for teaching and learning of mathematics. Theory depends upon the following principles:
1. Under Laws of effect/exercise, learning needs practice and rewards, both.
2. Under Laws of readiness, multiple S-R ...
Cite this document
(“Educational Psychology: cognitive development Essay”, n.d.)
Retrieved from https://studentshare.net/miscellaneous/302203-educational-psychology-cognitive-development
(Educational Psychology: Cognitive Development Essay)
“Educational Psychology: Cognitive Development Essay”, n.d. https://studentshare.net/miscellaneous/302203-educational-psychology-cognitive-development.
Berk (2008) defines cognition as “the inner processes and products of the mind that lead to knowing. In involves all the higher order mental processes such as attending, remembering, symbolizing, categorizing, planning, reasoning, problem solving, creating, and fantasizing”.
The processes typically studied by Cognitive Psychology include Attention, Perception, Memory, Problem solving, Creativity and many other processes. Cognitive functions occur at every moment of every day; and thus are part of every human action.
However, at the next level, the concrete operational level of behavior-7 to 11-a child begins to make choices that are dependent on how these choices affect others as well as whether positive relations with others will be maintained. Formal operational behavior from age 11 on depends on abstract ideals more than particular societal laws.
Development of an individual's ability to learn and master intellectual skills is the focus of cognitive development theories. Intellectual growth and development are defined by overall biological and psychological advancement as affected and governed by the surrounding environment.Cognitive development theory works on the premises that the child develops socially as defined by cognitive maturation and experience and that a child actively explores not governed by habits or instincts.
The two schools of thought to be addresses in this essay are the cognitive constructivist branch espoused by Jean Piaget and the social constructionist branch espoused by Lev Vygotsky. this essay shall examine the biological view of cognitive development according to Piaget and the broader social notion of cognitive development as explained by Vygotsky.
Educational psychologists believe that although adult learning and development are lifelong processes, but it is also unskeptical that the initial education and learning styles are those factors that depends entirely upon the values and morals which a child learn from its schooling environment.
Though the terms "educational psychology" and "school psychology" are frequently used interchangeably, researchers and theorists are probable to be recognized as educational psychologists, while practitioners in schools or school-related settings are recognized as school psychologists.
religious, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, political issues, including the students’ individually developed and acquired abilities and skills.
The most influential factor in a diverse educational setting is the students’ differences in terms of their
y basic aim is to get admission in master degree program in order to gain complete understanding of all issues related to the field of educational psychology. Psychology is my favorite subject and I think this is a right time for me to do masters in this field as I have not only