Also known as large-flower trillium or large-flower wake-robin, trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) is a showy woodland wildflower valued for the stunning white blooms. Trillium grows in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 9. Although trillium leaves are sometimes cooked and eaten much like spinach or other greens, the roots and berries should be avoided.
Saponins and Toxicity
Although young, tender trillium leaves are nontoxic, North Carolina State University Extension reports that trillium roots and berries are mildly toxic, causing symptoms that are unpleasant but not severe or long lasting. Use care when planting trillium if young children are present. Although the symptoms and extent of toxicity are unknown, trillium contains saponins, a foamy, soap-like substance that may inflame the nasal passages and cause sneezing and may act as a diuretic. The plant also creates problems for livestock, causing bloat and other symptoms.
- North Carolina State University Extension: Scientific Name, Trillium Spp.
- Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center: Trillium Grandiflorum
- The New York Botanical Garden: Large-flowered Trillum, White Trillium
- The Ohio State University Knowledge Bank: Poisonous and Other Injurious Plants of Ohio
- Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: Saponins
- Cornell University Extension: Trillium
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