Purification of Chloroplasts and Chloroplast Subfractions: Envelope, Thylakoids, and Stroma—From Spinach, Pea, and Arabidopsis thaliana
Chloroplasts are specific organelles of plant cells dedicated to photosynthesis and delimited by a two-membrane chloroplast envelope. Their photosynthetic function is based on the development of an operational large internal membrane network, called the thylakoids, and on enzymatic processes present in the chloroplast matrix, called the stroma. Thylakoid membranes are clearly different from the chloroplast envelope and their biogenesis is dependent on biosynthetic and transport activities specific of the chloroplast envelope. Starting with the isolation of intact chloroplasts, the method presents the separation by differential centrifugation of the three main compartments of the chloroplast: the stroma, the thylakoids, and the chloroplast envelope. Three different protocols are provided, adapted for starting leaves of spinach, Arabidopsis, and pea.
Key wordsChloroplast Stroma Envelope Thylakoids Membrane Differential centrifugation Chloroplast fractionation
This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-13-ADAP-0008 Reglisse and ANR-10-LABEX-04 GRAL Labex, Grenoble Alliance for Integrated Structural Cell Biology).
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