Compatibility of Blood Type and RH Factor – a relevant topic in modern medicine. Its importance it acquired with the development of genetics and immunohisto-chemistry, which could justify absolutely paradoxical cases in medical practice. Because sometimes things happen that absolutely defies any logical justification. This is especially the case when determining the compatibility of blood for conception in family planning, pregnancy or the need for transfusion. All these paradoxes prove that in medicine nothing is absolute, as a lot of which is covered with mysteries that mankind will have to uncover. But what is already known, deserves attention.
Blood Type and RH Factor
The specificity of any organism is determined by the set of proteins or antigens that are part of any tissue. In respect of blood and blood red blood cells is their surface antigenic complexes. One of these is the RH factor or RH antigen. Depending on availability, all people are divided into resa-positive (antigen carriers) and RH negative (people who do not have the RH antigen). All life situations that are associated with the necessity of mixing the blood of different people based on the ability of the blood not to disturb its structure after the procedure. This is largely dependent on the RH compatibility.
Compatibility of Blood for Conception Baby
Family planning is a right direction for obstetrics, which will significantly reduce the number of complicated or unwanted pregnancies. This was manifested by the birth of a smaller number of seriously ill children. Today every woman knows about all the threats that can expect her and the child in the case of cold-blooded attitude to some of the details of proper family planning. One such detail – the blood compatibility of sexual partners.
Actually, this topic is a bit wrongly interpreted in the media. Anyone who incorrectly understood, interprets things differently, spreading false and, more importantly, false information. In this respect, it is necessary to consider the questions of immunological compatibility of the spouses and the blood compatibility of the spouses at conception, which were mixed together and debated as one and the same problem. It creates panic and causes people to look for a non-existent truth. Therefore, it is important to understand that:
- Compatibility of spouses in case of impossibility of women to get pregnant does not depend on the compatibility of blood groups or RH factor, and immunological compatibility of women and men. This means that specific components of the male sperm antibodies in a woman’s body who just doesn’t see it. Group and RH factor has nothing to do with it;
- RH-negative mother may give birth to a baby with RH-positive blood. It can only affect the course of pregnancy and fetus, but can not be regarded as an incompatibility of RH factor for the child’s conception;
- Pair with different RH factors can quite easily have healthy children. Not worth it to destroy the relationship due to the fact that rhesus monkey mother and fetus can be potentially incompatible. But you should definitely adhere to those recommendations through family planning, which will indicate experts. Some of these recommendations are listed in the following section.
Compatible Blood During Pregnancy
If a couple decided on pregnancy, it must follow this process from the planning stage before birth. In relation to the potential RH conflict during pregnancy the alert should be:
- Married couples in which the woman is RH negative and man is RH positive. The maximum conflict probability of pregnancy is 50% if the partner is homozygous (both chromosomes of one pair encodes the RH antigen) and 25% if he is heterozygous (RH is encoded by only one chromosome of a pair).
- The couple, mixing the blood which can potentially end RH-conflict pregnancy, previous pregnancies and childbirth. Their a favorable outcome is not what it says. On the contrary, the likelihood of incompatibility of blood mother and the fetus increases with each subsequent pregnancy.
Compatibility of blood groups and the table is compatible for RH factor with its inheritance of the child.
|RH factor of the mother||RH factor of the father||The probability of RH supplies child||The probability of RH-conflict pregnancy|
|Positive||Positive||If the parents are homozygotes – 100% positive;
If the parents are heterozygotes – 50% positive;
If one spouse homozygote and heterozygotes second – 75% positive.
|Conflict pregnancy does not occur|
|Positive||Negative||If RH positive partner or partner of homozygotes for RH – 50% positive;
If the heterozygotes and 25% positive.
|The likelihood of conflict does not exceed 50%|
|Negative||Negative||The blood of the child in 100% of cases will be RH-negative.||Conflict pregnancy does not occur|
Note: homozygote is a person who has identical genes in the same chromosome. They’re getting into the part of the chromosome set of the fetus, definitely will encode the synthesis of the RH factor. The heterozygotes contain such a gene in only one of the chromosomes, which greatly reduces the risk of inheritance.
It is Important to remember!
- Blood is RH-positive mother is compatible with any fetal blood;
- Likelihood of conflict in the rhesus system is possible only in mothers with RH-negative blood and does not exceed 50%;
- Inheritance of the child RH factor depends not only on the actual RH of the parents, but also genes that are not expressed themselves, but follow the child.
Donor Compatibility Blood Group and RH Factor
In spite of all modern concepts and the desire of doctors to avoid a transfusion of blood and its components, in practice this is not feasible. Every day thousands of situations when only these drugs can save a person’s life. One of the main tenets in this regard is the determination of compatibility of blood of donor and recipient. Otherwise, the wrong blood will not only help, but will cause the death of the patient.
In relation to donor compatibility deals only with the preparations of erythrocytes (erythrocytic mass and the washed red blood cells). Before the blood transfusion is determined by the compatibility of blood types and RH compatibility. In the classic version fully compatible is considered to be only blood with the same RH factor and group. But this rule works in practice, not always. In some situations, when you need an emergency blood transfusion in a matter of minutes, time on the definition of compatibility there. The only salvation remains transfusion of whole blood or red blood cells according to the principle of hypothetical compatibility. Her options are given in the table.
|1 Blood Type
|2 Blood Type
|3 Blood Type
|4 Blood Type
|The First 0(I)||Compatible||Incompatible||Incompatible||Incompatible|
|The Second A (II)||Compatible||Compatible||Incompatible||Incompatible|
|The Third B(III)||Compatible||Incompatible||Compatible||Incompatible|
|The Fourth AB(IV)||Compatible||Compatible||Compatible||Compatible|
From the table it is possible to make such practical conclusions:
- People with the first blood group are universal donors, but they can be recipients of only the blood of the first group;
- People with a fourth blood group are universal recipients, although they can be donors only for people with the fourth group;
- Compatible Donor only if the donor RBCs do not contain the corresponding antibodies, which will cause their destruction after transfusion.
It is important to remember! The blood compatibility of RH factor is determined by only two options, regardless of group membership: people with RH-negative blood can be poured only RH-negative blood. People with RH-positive blood can become recipients of blood as RH-positive and RH-negative donors!