Tikamgarh district lies in
the northern part of Madhya Pradesh.The early history of Tikamgarh district is however not
chronicled, though as suggested by the numerous ruins of buildings and other old remains
lies scattered at various places, viz Orchha, Garh Kudar, Prithvipur, Barana, Lidhoura,
Digora, Mohangarg, Baldeogarh and Tikamgarh, it must be having a glorious past. The
district was the part of vast empires successively ruled by the Mauryas, the Sungas and
the imperial Guptas. It was in the first quarter of ninth century A.D., that Mannuka
founded a new dynasty the Chandella dynasty in this area. Tikamgarh alongwith Khajuraho
and Mahoba formed part of extensive Chandella Kingdom. The Khangras also held this region
specially around Garh Kundar. The rising power of Bundelas in this region resulted into
the downfall of the Khangras. The Orchha records trace the descent of the Bundela Kingdom
of Orchha from Garh Kudar chiefs of Benaras Hemkaran, also known as Pancham Bundela.
1. Origin of Name - The District takes its name from
the headquarters town as Tihri, in Orchha
State. In 1783 Raja Vikramajit shifted his capital from Orchha town to Tihri and renamed
it Tikamgarh but it was officially recognised in 1887. The name adopted in the honour of
Lord Krishna, Tikam being one of his appellations.
2. Location and Boundaries: Tikamgarh District is
located in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh. It forms the north-western part of Sagar
District. It lies on the Bundelkhand Plateau between the Jamni, a tributary of Betwa and
Dhasan rivers. It extends between the latitude 24 degree 26 minute and 25 degree 34 minute
N and between 78 degree26 minute and 79 degree 21 minute Longitudes. The shape of district
is triangular. The northern margin is very irregular. The maximum length of the district
is about 119 Km. From North to South and width about 80 Km. Tikamgarh District is bounded
by Chhatarpur district to east, Lalitpur district Uttar Pradesh to West, Jhansi to North
and Sagar to South. The western and Eastern boundaries are formed by two big rivers.
3. Area and Population - The total geographical
area of Tikamgarh District is 5048.00 sq. Km. And the total population is 12,02,998 ( 2001
Census). The area and the population of each of its tehsil is given in the below table
Tehsil Wise Area and Population
Name Of Tehsil
Area In Sq. Km.
[ 2001 Census ]
4. Administrative Division - Tikamgarh district
is divided into six tehsils grouped into three sub divisions of Tikamgarh, Niwari and
Jatara. The Tikamgarh sub division comprises Tikamgarh and Baldeogarh tehsils, Niwari and
Prithvipur tehsil form Niwari Sub Division whereas Jatara sub division comprises of Jatara
and Palera Tehsil. There are six development blocks namely Tikamgarh, Jatara, Baldeogarh,
Palera, Niwari and Prithvipur.
The names of Police Stations
located in the district are Tikamgarh, Digora, Lidhoura, Palera, Kudila, Baldeogarh,
Khargapur, Orchha, Mohangarh, Niwari, Jatara, Budera, Jeron, Badagaon, Teharka, Sendri,
Simra, and Prithvipur.
5. River System - The District lies in the Ganga
Drainage system. The Betwa flows along its north-western boundary. The Dhasan, one of its
right bank tributaries and a big stream itself, mark the eastern boundary of the district.
Both these rivers flows towards the north-east. The natural drainage of the district is
diverted in the opposite directions into these rivers, the Dhasan sharing about 75 percent
of the waters of the district. The tributaries of the Betwa flowing in the Tikamgarh
district are Jamni, Bagri and Barua.
6. Lakes and Tanks - According to the settlement records, there were
962 tanks constructed during the Chandela period. Most of which were small with low bunds.
Out of these tanks 125 tanks were used for tank-bed cultivation. The number of tanks over
the years has now been reduced to 421. However, several tanks are of considerable size,
particularly those at Baldeogarh, Bamhauri Barana, Lidhoura, Jatara, and Bir Sagar. It is
noticeable that none of these tanks with their massive dams, built by the Chandela and
others were originally intended for irrigation. They were evidently constructed merely
adjacent to temples, Palace and favorite resorts of the rulers. Their adaptation for
irrigation is invariably a modern development.
7.Geohdrology - The district was
previously supposed to be unsuitable for the tube-well development programme since it is a
hard rock formation area. However the results of Geohdrological survey and drilling of
tube wells in the district are encouraging. The primary geohydrological investigations in
the entire district has been completed.
- There is massive granite rock found at the depth of 4 to 6 meters in the
district. The possibility of water bearing strata is therefore remote and the underground
water is available at only shallow depth. In 1902, there were 14,800 wells in Orchha
State. The number of wells has now considerably increased. There are 49,555 wells in the
district out of which 43,806 are irrigation wells and 2,356 are abandoned wells.
9. Climate - The Climate of Tikamgarh district is monsoon type.
The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February
followed by the hot season, from March to about the middle of June. The period from about
mid-June to the end of September is the rainy season. The months of October and November
constitute the post-monsoon or transition season.
10 Rainfall - There is only one rain
gauge station in the district at Tikamgarh. The average rainfall of the district is 40
inch. It varies from 33 inch to 54 inch, in different parts of the district. It is seen
that rainfall in the district in general increases from northwest to southwest. Parts of
the Niwari tehsil and Mohangarh of Jatara tehsil alos come in the low rainfall zone. About
90 percent of the annual rainfall in the district is received during the south-west
monsoon season - June - September, July being the rainiest month.
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11. Temperature & Humidity - There is no
meteorological observation in the district. The description which follows is based on the
records of the observations in the neighbouring districts which have similar climate.
After February temperature rise progressively. May is generally the hottest month with
mean daily maximum temperature at about 43 degree celcilus and low 29 degree celcicus. On
individual day temperature may rise upto about 47 degree Celcious . The relative humidity
is high during the monsoon season, it being generally above 70 percent. In the rest of the
year the air is comparatively dry. The driest part of the year is summer season when the
relative humidity is less than 20 percent the afternoons.
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