Nobel Peace Prize Award for 1928 to 1935
About the Nobel Peace Prize Award from 1928 to 1935 including winners Kellogg and Angell, their works, and history.
1928 No award
1929 Frank B. Kellogg (1856--1937), American
Work: Briand-Kellogg Pact of 1928
Nobel Laureate: Kellogg left the Minnesota farm of his youth to earn a reputation as a hardnosed trustbuster under Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, most notably in the landmark Standard Oil suit of 1906--1911. Elected to the Senate, he abandoned his Republican colleagues to support the League of Nations. Defeated for reelection, he accepted appointment as ambassador to Great Britain, where he lobbied effectively for acceptance of the Dawes Plan. He became secretary of state in 1925. He settled an oil and land dispute with Mexico and forged treaties with 19 foreign countries. The Briand-Kellogg Treaty, which began as a Franco-American nonaggression pact, evolved into a plea to renounce war as an instrument of foreign policy. Over 60 nations piously signed it a single decade before W.W.II. From 1930 to 1935, Kellogg sat on the World Court at The Hague.
1930 Nathan Soderblom (1866--1931), Swedish
Work: Helped create World Union of Churches for International Understanding; preached ecumenicism
1931 Jane Addams (1860--1935), American
Work: Founded Woman's Peace party; lectured Nicholas Murray Butler (1862--1947), American
Work: President of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, which he had helped set up; campaigned for Briand-Kellogg Pact
1933 Norman Angell (1872--1967), British
Work: Wrote pacifist literature
Nobel Laureate: Born Ralph Norman Angell Lane in Lincolnshire, England, he was educated in English, French, and Swiss schools and, at 17, emigrated to the U.S. After stints as a vine planter and prospector, he drifted into journalism, reporting for St. Louis and San Francisco papers. In 1898 he transferred to an English-language Paris daily while serving as correspondent there for several U.S. journals; his coverage of the Dreyfus case popularized his by-line. In 1910 he wrote The Great Illusion, a book that attacked war from a different angle. Strictly from an economic standpoint, he argued, war damaged victor and vanquished alike. "Military and political power give a nation no commercial advantage," he claimed. This war-doesn't-pay theory came to be called Norman Angellism. Angell went on to write another 40 books, invented the card game "The Money Game," and, at 90, was still lecturing.
Nobel Lore: Although The Great Illusion was first published in 1910, Angell updated it in 1932 to fit W.W.I and its aftermath into his theory. It was this expanded version and his lifelong work for peace which the Nobel committee honored.
1934 Arthur Henderson (1863--1935), British
Work: Arranged International Disarmament Conference called by League of Nations
1935 Carl von Ossietzky (1889--1938), German
Work: Secretary of German Peace Society; criticized secret German rearmament
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