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However, its relative risk is 320 in comparison with the general population.Strangely, Turner syndrome seems to be associated with unusual forms of partial anomalous venous drainage.It is usually isolated, but it may be seen in combination with other anomalies, particularly coarctation of the aorta.Between 5% and 10% of those born with Turner syndrome have coarctation of the aorta, a congenital narrowing of the descending aorta, usually just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery (the artery that branches off the arch of the aorta to the left arm) and opposite to the duct (and so termed "juxtaductal").Up to 15% of adults with Turner syndrome have bicuspid aortic valves, meaning only two, instead of three, parts to the valves in the main blood vessel leading from the heart are present.Since bicuspid valves are capable of regulating blood flow properly, this condition may go undetected without regular screening.Turner syndrome manifests itself differently in each female affected by the condition; therefore, no two individuals share the same features.While most of the physical findings are harmless, significant medical problems can be associated with the syndrome.
Typically, they only develop menstrual periods and breasts with hormone treatment, and are unable to have children without reproductive technology. Human growth hormone injections during childhood may increase adult height.
However, bicuspid valves are more likely to deteriorate and later fail.
Calcification also occurs in the valves, to 17.5% (Dawson-Falk et al., 1992), bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital malformation affecting the heart in this syndrome.
Most of these significant conditions are treatable with surgery and medication.
Among cases that are detected by routine amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, one study found that the prevalence of Turner syndrome among tested pregnancies was 5.58 and 13.3 times higher, respectively, than among live neonates in a similar population.
This abnormality is a relatively rare congenital heart disease in the general population.