NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Lesson # 1 Non Communicable Diseases Non Communicable Disease: WHAT IS IT? A disease that is not transmitted by another person, or a vector, or from the environment. Certain habits and behaviors can either increase or decrease the risk of these diseases. Non communicable Diseases Cancer: A group of diseases characterized by an uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells. Using your text on page 530 define the following terms: Tumor Benign Malignant Vocabulary Tumor: An abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body. Benign – noncancerous; if you’re benign your fine! Malignant – cancerous Types of Cancer Lymphomas: cancers of the immune system. Leukemias: cancers of the blood-forming organs. Carinomas: cancers of the glands and body linings, including the skin and linings of the digestive tract and lungs. Sarcomas: Cancers of the connective tissue, including bones, ligaments, and muscles. Risk Factors There is no known cause of cancer. Genetics – family history Environment – food, water, soil, air Lifestyles choices – sexual activity, drinking, smoking, drugs What is a Carcinogen??? Carcinogen: A cancer causing substance. Tobacco use Alcohol use Illegal drug use Sexually transmitted disease Radiation – ultraviolet rays from the sun Dietary factors How can you reduce your risk of Cancer?? Practice abstinence Be physically active Maintain healthy weight Eat nutritious foods Protect your skin from the sun Avoid tobacco, drugs, and alcohol Recognize warning signs of cancer What type of cancer is most common in the US? SKIN CANCER THREE TYPES OF SKIN CANCER Basal Cell Carcinoma: • • • • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: • • • Most common Usually appears on face & ears easiest to detect & treat Does not usually spread. Second most common Appears on sun-exposed parts of body Likely to spread to areas beneath skin. Melanoma: • • • • • Least common but most lethal UV radiation from sun or tanning beds can increase risk Important to diagnose in early stages Approximately 70% begin near in or near a mole Highest risk fair skin, freckles, light blue/green eyes. Warning Signs of Skin Cancer Asymmetrical: An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole that does not produce matching halves. Border: Noncancerous moles have smooth edges, suspect moles often have irregular edges. Color: Be cautious of moles that are intensely black. Diameter: anything over 10 mm should be removed and checked. Evolving: if a mole is growing or changing in size, shape or elevation. Methods to Prevent Skin Cancer: Sun block- SPF 30 or greater Avoid sun from 10 AM until around 4 PM Wear light clothing Wear a hat with a wide brim Wear sunglasses with UV Protection Do not go indoor tanning- (it’s also bad for night vision) Warning Signs of Cancer: Change in bowel and bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness Detecting and Treating Cancer: Self examination Biopsy: the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination Treatment: Surgery: removes some or all of cancerous tissue mass. Radiation therapy: aims rays from radioactive substances at cancerous cells. Radiation kills or shrinks the mass. Chemotherapy: uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells Immunotherapy: activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them. Hormone therapy: involves using medicines that interfere with the production of hormones. Treatment kills cancer cells or slows the growth. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Lesson # 2 Define the following terms Using your text starting on page 514: Cardiovascular Disease Angina Pectoris Atherosclerosis Arrhythmias Heart Attack Hypertension Stroke WARNING SIGNS OF A HEART ATTACK & STROKE: HEART ATTACK Heart stops because heart is overworked: Left arm goes numb Sweating Skin is pale or clammy Chest pain Unconscious Shortness of breath Breathing difficulty STROKE Blood supply to the brain is cut off: Confusion Headache Dizziness Sweating Pale and/or redness Balance is thrown off Vocabulary Hypertension can (high blood pressure) be lowered with medication, weight management, physical activity, and proper nutrition most common among people over the age of 35 normal range: 120/80 often called the “silent killer”- having no symptoms in early stages Vocabulary Atherosclerosis A build up of fatty materials in your arteries narrows the arteries, making the heart work harder Cholesterol: HDL: high density lipoprotein (good) LDL: low density lipoprotein (bad) causes atherosclerosis Vocabulary Cardiovascular Disease: A disease that affects the heart, blood, or blood vessels. Angina- chest pains caused by lack of oxygen Arrhythmias- irregular heartbeat Heart attack- caused by blockages of arteries, damage to the heart muscle Stroke- arterial blockage that disrupts the flow of blood in the brain Congestive Heart Failure- heart no longer pumps efficiently RISK FACTORS FOR CVD’S CONTROLLABLE Tobacco Use High Blood Pressure- have it checked periodically High Cholesterol- eat less high-fat foods Physical Inactivity Excess Weight Stress Drug and Alcohol Use UNCONTROLLABLE Heredity Gender Age The health behaviors that you practice now are affecting your cardiovascular system!