Achilles tendon bursitis or retrocalcaneal bursitis is a condition that commonly occurs in athletes. It is a painful condition caused by swelling of bursa, a fluid-filled sac which is located at the back of the heel under the Achilles tendon. This retrocalcaneal bursa contains a lubricating fluid that acts as a cushion to reduce friction between muscle and bones. Achilles tendon is the large tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone (calcaneous) and is used when you walk, run, and jump.
Achilles tendon bursitis is caused by overuse of the ankle which results in irritation and inflammation of the bursa. The common causes include too much of walking, jumping, or running, Achilles tendon bursitis can also occur in conjunction with Achilles tendinitis, inflammation of the Achilles tendon. Dancing en pointe, demi-pointe or in plie puts more force on the Achilles tendon. Due to the frequency of movements performed by dancers, it places an abnormal amount of stress on the tendon.
Children who suddenly increase their level of physical activity are at a higher risk of developing Achilles tendon bursitis.
The most common symptom is pain and tenderness at the back of the heel especially while walking or running. Pain increases when standing on tiptoes. In some cases, the skin at the back of the heel may become warm and red.
Your doctor may diagnose the condition based on the symptoms and physical examination of the ankle. Diagnostic tests such as X-ray and MRI may be required later on if the treatment does not improve the symptoms.
The initial treatment for Achilles tendon bursitis includes
Surgery is considered only when all non-surgical treatment fails to resolve pain and inflammation.
Bursectomy is a surgical procedure done to remove an inflamed or infected bursa.
Achilles tendon bursitis may be prevented by maintaining proper form during exercises. Ensure that your child does some warm up exercises before the start of any sports activity which may help prevent injury of the Achilles tendon.
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