The odd-looking woodcock has an unusually long bill and eyes that are set far back on its head, which allows it a 360° field of vision. It lives chiefly on earthworms: by drumming with its feet, it attracts the worms to the surface, then extracts them with its long, sensitive bill. The bird is about 11 inches (28 centimeters) long and camouflaged in a dead-leaf pattern of brown and gray.
In the mating season the male performs a spectacular courtship flight. He spirals upward in widening circles to about 300 feet (90 meters), hovers momentarily to pour out a series of chirps, then zigzags to earth like a falling leaf. There he utters a nasal call and struts to the waiting female.
Woodcocks often build their nests at the foot of a tree, laying three or four streaked, buffy eggs. If alarmed, the female may fly off, carrying an egg or chick between her legs. The birds breed from central Canada to the central United States, where they are heavily hunted. Woodcocks winter mostly in the Southern states.
The woodcock belongs to the sandpiper family (Scolopacidae). The scientific name of the American woodcock is Scolopax minor, or Philohela minor.