Supination Resistance is a concept of determining the force needed to supinate the foot. This is considered important in foot orthotic prescribing as it is helpful to determine how much force if needed from the foot orthotic if the foot is overpronating.
The Determinants of Gait are the biomechanical strategies that the body uses in order to maintain the center of gravity in the horizontal plane, as well as increase efficiency and to decrease the expenditure of energy when walking and running
‘Overpronation’ is generally accepted as being the foot rolling inwards at the ankle or rearfoot joints. There is a lot of controversy about the use of the term; just how much of a risk factor for injury it is; if it should be treated or not; and what the best treatment for it should be.
An abductory twist is a reasonable common observation during a gait analysis and is caused by a number of different things. It is commonly associated with ‘overpronation‘. It is seen as a sudden abduction or whip of the heel medially (abduction) just as the heel comes off the ground. See this video for what it looks like:
There is apparently a lot of controversy on the roles of muscles and muscle strength on the height of the arch in the foot. Almost all of the research shows that there is no relationship between muscle strength and arch height; no relationship between overpronation and muscle strength; and the evidence also shows that foot orthotics do not weaken the muscles neither. There is really no controversy, the evidence is clear.