Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection which every men and women acquire at some point of time. Among hundreds of subtypes, only a dozen high risk subtypes are associated with development of cancers of genital organs as well as throat. HPV is associated with Cancers of Uterine cervix, Vagina, Vulva, Penis, Anus and Throat. Experts say that in India, 1 in 75 women develop cancer cervix according to 2020-21 Indian cancer statistics, with more than 90% are due to HPV infection. A recent study reveals 90% of cervical cancers can be prevented by HPV vaccination.
“There are two vaccines licensed for use in India. Gardasil, quadrivalent vaccine active against HPV subtypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 and Cervarix, bivalent vaccine which is active against HPV subtypes 16 and 18. Both are equally effective in preventing cervical cancers in population studies,” says Dr S Rajasundaram, Director - Oncology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai who advices that HPV Vaccination is recommended between ages 9 to 26 years, with first jab before their 15th birthday. Experts believe the vaccine will be more effective if given before initiation of sexual activity. “A two-dose schedule six months apart given as intramuscular injection is recommended till age 15, and three doses schedule preferred between ages 16 to 26 years. Women aged 27 to 45 years shall receive the vaccination after consulting the doctors. Women who are pregnant shall not receive vaccination,” says Dr Rajasundaram who addresses more queries on the HPV vaccine.
What does the Evidence say regarding Efficacy?
Clinical studies conducted worldwide found HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer in more than 95% to 100% providing durable and lifelong immunity.
Is vaccination effective in already sexually active women?
Are they safe?
Yes. They are found to be safe in many studies. Apart from redness or soreness at injection site, Headache, dizziness, vomiting may occur.
Do you have to undergo cervical cancer screening after vaccination?
Yes. Vaccination is not developed to replace screening. Hence, screening with Pap smear or Liquid based cytology is recommended every 3 to 5 years starting at 21 years of age.
“Increasing awareness at the individual and community levels along with effective screening and vaccination, the cervical cancer menace can be effectively controlled,” he concludes.
Also Read: Expert Speak: Vaccinations To Be Taken Before And During Pregnancy
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