What is Yarn Conditioning?
The term “yarn conditioning” refers to the steps used to enhance the yarn’s physical properties before, during, and after the weaving process.
The moisture level of the fiber was reduced throughout the spinning process, from opening to carding to drawing to spinning yarn. The textile may be returned to its original state after conditioning because moisture is added back in.
The amount of moisture in the air is dependent on both the ambient temperature and the relative humidity. Multiple spinning portions with high relative humidity are unfavorable. In other words, it will be a major problem. However, yarn’s physical properties improve when exposed to a lot of moisture. In addition, it facilitates the yarn’s attainment of the typical moisture recovery value of the fiber. It is financially detrimental to produce yarns with a lower moisture content than necessary. Therefore, the purpose of Conditioning is to develop a low-cost technology capable of providing the necessary moisture in a short amount of time, while achieving long-term quality improvement.
In turn, the cotton fiber’s moisture level affects the fiber’s properties. Humidity has a direct correlation with the strength and flexibility of fibers. There may be more friction between the cotton fibers in the twisted yarn if the water content of the cotton was raised. This improved fiber quality will positively affect the yarn’s durability and adaptability.
The absence of a vacuum in most conditioning chambers prevents uniform penetrating. The exterior layers of the package are also too wet, which leads to considerable differences in friction data and strength during further processing.
The Following Are Some of The Benefits That Knitting Conditioning
The temperature used to treat knitting yarn is maintained much below the wax’s melting point. The washing temperatures for unwaxed yarn are adjusted for each kind of yarn used. Reduced unwinding strain and fewer needle breakages may increase productivity by as much as 20%. consistent moisture levels and low coefficients of friction There will be fewer issues as a result of the uniform development of the stitches, which will not alter the final product’s size and will not need any further dampening. Spinning the yarn on lower gauge machines is preferable. It’s important to remember that the wax you choose ought to be stable at temperatures as low as 60 degrees Celsius. Using inferior wax will lead to major complications. The optimal temperature for conditioning is between 59 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit (15 and 151 degrees Celsius).
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Effects of Manufacturing Methods on Yarn Properties
Despite the fact that a yarn conditioning machine can add moisture to yarn, different yarn conditioning programs will need to be developed for different raw materials and thread counts. The yarn’s strength is diminished even if there is more moisture because of the low quality of the raw cotton used, the coarse count, and the increased ratio of short fiber. Therefore, compared to Ne 21s, the cotton yarn needs less vacuum, lower steam temperature, longer heating time, and stable temperature. PC requires 100% polyester fiber woven into a combed yarn. Specifically, it calls for a very cold steam temperature and a high vacuum. As a rule of thumb, 70 minutes is a good upper limit for the amount of time it takes to heat up and keep the temperature stable, regardless of the twist.
The steam’s temperature is adjusted accordingly based on the kind of fiber being processed. In contrast to cotton, polyester fiber keeps its full strength even after being conditioned in hot temperatures for 20 days. There is a large variation across fibers in terms of flow temperature, fusion, resolution, and other thermo-logical indices. Cotton fiber should not be heated to more than 85 degrees Celsius in a yarn conditioning machine, whereas pure polyester can tolerate temperatures up to 140 degrees Celsius. If not, durability and colorfastness will suffer.
Specifically, with 20KW (4.26 TM), 20KH (3.78 TM), and 20 CH waxed (3.6 TM) yarns, P. V. Kadole et al. found that a cycle with first cycle temperature 58C – 05 min. Also, the second cycle temperature is 62C – 25 min. (with a total cycle time of 55 min. They also cautioned that the maximum temperature in the second cycle should be carefully considered. However, when conditioning both waxed and unwaxed yarn simultaneously using the same program. It must be lower than the wax’s melting point at all times. They proved that by using the combination program, the best yarn results can be achieved while still keeping the energy cost and production rate at acceptable levels.
The toughness properties of 100% cotton and 100% viscose yarns were studied by Sibel Sardag et al., who looked at the influence of vacuum steaming process parameters (temperature and time) on the yarns. This was achieved by twisting and vacuum steaming yarns with different twist coefficients and numbers for variable amounts of time-based on the characteristics of the raw materials used. The strength of the yarns was tested before and after being steamed in a vacuum. They found that the tenacity characteristics of 100% cotton and 100% viscose yarns are significantly affected by the vacuum steaming temperature, but are statistically unimportantly affected by the vacuum steaming duration.
These same authors also conducted a study showing that heat-setting increases tensile strength and elongation at break (in percent). Also, work of rupture of both 30-tex and 20-tex PES/viscose yarns. Further, they showed that the toughness and elongation at break values of the yarns decreased after being dyed. But these values remained high when compared to the preheat setting. Rising from 90 degrees Celsius to 110 degrees Celsius weakened the yarns’ strength ratings.
The CV of yarn may be improved by using a yarn conditioning machine. Also, it is not degraded in any way. The yarn evenness tester instantly detects an increase in the CV. The neps of yarn after it has been taken from the yarn conditioning machine. After waiting 24 hours, however, the information will not change. This is due to the fact that during processing, part of the water in the yarn migrates to the center. Where it forms relatively stable crystal water. While water attached to the yarn’s surface undergoes a phase transition and becomes unstable. A yarn evenness tester will provide false readings if used on the ocean’s surface, where the dielectric coefficient changes.
After being run through a yarn conditioning machine, cotton fiber is more receptive to taking in moisture. Thus, it is recommended to store the yarn for 30 minutes before packing or using it. This would provide the water on the yarn’s surface with plenty of time to evaporate. While keeping the moisture level within and outside of the yarn constant. After dying, knitted fabric in particular will take on a long, slender shadow if it contains both processed and unprocessed yarn.
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