Clicker training your horse can be difficult and confusion. The Key to Success is writing a shaping plan. A shaping plan is a written manual to train a behaviour from scratch. In shaping the trainer splits the goal behaviour into easy achievable steps for the horse. Then you rehearse and reinforced each step, until your horse fully understands what’s expected and has learned that part. Now you can raise your criterion and train the next step. Repeat this until your goal behaviour is trained. And so on, until you’ve trained the desired behaviour. In this way you can train very complex behaviours and put them on cue.
Pros and cons of shaping behaviour
Shaping a behaviour can be very difficult if you don’t know how to split the behaviour into small enough steps for your horse to understand and be successful. Become a ‘splitter’ and practise dividing every behaviour into tiny steps. Everyone can learn it.
Shaping behaviour also requires good timing and a keen eye to see and bridge the subtle nuances of a behaviour. In order to make learning easy you have to bridge and reinforce each small change that brings the horse towards your goal behaviour.
If the trainer doesn’t ‘guide’ his horse enough through that process, both can become confused or frustrated. They might even end up giving up.
The opposite of ‘splitting’ is lumping. If you’re a ‘lumper’, you make the steps too big or you raise your criterion too soon. Don’t be a lumper.
Making mistakes is becoming aware of your learning points
Shaping isn’t easy or quick for inexperienced trainers. Be prepared to make mistakes and learn from them. A shaping plan will help you.
Clicker training isn’t easy for horses that are afraid to be punished if they try new behaviours or when they simply aren’t used to offer behaviours. Once you overcome these hurdles it can be a very quick way to train your horse new things.
Clicker training is a process: a shaping plan is a tool
Shaping teaches the horse to use his brain and will encourage him to experiment. In other words he will ‘learn to learn’ and try out new behaviours. He has to learn to search for the right behaviour that will be bridged and reinforced. The moment your horse learns how to get the reinforcement (by influencing you with their new behaviour), they will never forget. This really speeds up their learning process. So be patient.
Step-by-step shaping plan
Shaping requires a lot of creativity of the trainer. Knowledge of the natural behaviour of horses also helps tremendously in splitting the desired behaviour into little steps and in predicting how the horse will react in training. Think out of the box in order to create ‘extra’ training steps. The more steps, the better.
Don’t forget to write the steps down your horse already masters, but are still an important part of the process. Maybe your horse already has looked at the target or approached it. Still write it down, so you can tick it off already. This gives your brain the feeling of a head start and you already feel successful immediately.
The trainer also needs to be very flexible. He needs to adjust his plan according to the horse. If the horse learns slower than expected, the trainer has to think of extra steps, changing rewards, adjust the circumstances, give the horse a break a little bit sooner and so on. Also if the horse learn quicker than expected, be prepared to skip steps in your shaping plan.
Write a shaping plan for your training
The key to success in shaping is to make a plan before you start and write it down. Writing your steps down will help you to:
- Think in advance about every detail you have to be aware of
- Get a clear picture in your head of clickworthy criteria to train the behaviour
- Give you a guideline, if things go different then expected
- Become aware of skipping step or ‘lumping’ (making the steps too big) while you are training
- Easily go back to a previous step if your horse gets frustrated or confused, because you’ve written them down
- Know where to start next time you train your horse
- Evaluate your training and do better next time
Make notes in your shaping plan of the training circumstances that can be an influence on your training: are you training inside, outside, working with or without a barrier, time of day etc. Don’t forget to write down what your criteria are for going to the next step in your plan, for instance after 3 well performed actions.
Evaluation of your training: Training Journal
After your training write down immediately all the things that went well and the things you have to keep in mind for next time. This will speed up the whole learning process for both you and your horse.
Making a shaping plan will also help for a next time you have to train the same behaviour with another animal. You will soon notice that different horses learn at different speeds and that a lot of circumstances can influence your training sessions. This will make you more alert next time and you can anticipate the variables that you encounter and set your horse and your training up for success.
The sky is the limit in clicker training
Shaping has an endless scala of possibilities and therefor it is a very powerful technique. The only limits are the horses’ physical limitations and the trainers skills and creativity.
Read more: 5 Benefits of Making a Shaping Plan
Sandra Poppema, B.Sc.
My mission is to improve human-horse relationships. I teach horse owners to use force-free training so they get the relationship and the results they want.
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