The new covenant is spoken about in the book of Jeremiah. The old covenant that God had established with His people required obedience to the Old Testament Mosaic law. Because the wages of sin is death (Romans 6:23), the law required that people perform rituals and sacrifices in order to please God and remain in His grace. The prophet Jeremiah predicted that there would be a time when God would make a new covenant with the nation of Israel.
"'The day will come,' says the Lord, 'when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and Judah. . . . But this is the new covenant I will make with the people of Israel on that day,' says the Lord. 'I will put my law in their minds, and I will write them on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people'" (Jeremiah 31:31, 33). Jesus Christ came to fulfill the law of Moses (Matthew 5:17) and create a new covenant between God and His people. The old covenant was written in stone, but the new covenant is written on our hearts, made possible only by faith in Christ, who shed His own blood to atone for the sins of those who would accept him. Luke 22:20 says, "After supper, [Jesus] took another cup of wine and said, 'This wine is the token of God's new covenant to save you – an agreement sealed with the blood I will pour out for you.'"
17. The New Covenant
The rainbow is the token of the covenant.
Genesis 17:5-7, 10,11
Circumcision is the token of the covenant that Abraham will be the Father of many nations.
The law covenant foreshadows the second covenant.
Christ's blood shed for new covenant.
New covenant replaces old covenant.
Christ is the mediator of the new testament because he is the greater sacrifice.
1 Corinthians 11:24-26
The cup represents the new testament.
Open to the Gentiles.
Old covenant ends, new covenant begins.