Big Data HADOOP Projects
The practice of examining large pre-existing databases in order to generate new information.
Blister Testing in Drug Industry
Medicines have helped to make our lives easy. Drug industry is developing industry in terms of production as well as consumption. Medication has become very important in everyone’s life as we are affected by so many diseases. But there may be missing tablet in a strip. This project shows a method to count and display the number of tablets in a strip while moving on conveyer. We can check for roundness of the tablet to find broken tablets. If the total number of tablets in a strip is fixed, missing or empty tablets can be identified.
From past two decades, technology has continuously improved the manufacturing nature. In early days, manufacturing were done manually. Now a days technology have been ruling the industry, automation has become the most important aspect in today’s manufacturing world. Automation has given way for companies to largely produce products at very high speed and with great reliability and quality. Automation has become a determining factor in rating the company’s manufacturing ability. Automation is constantly maintaining the standards for the industry and has many advantages such as reduction in production time, increase in accuracy and repeatability, less human error, less employee costs, increased safety and higher volume production. With the recent directives by the World Health Organization for international exports of pharmaceutical products, inspection requirements have become more stringent. For pharmaceutical manufacturers, there is also ongoing pressure for volume production and quality assurance mechanisms with sorting capabilities. The main aim of pharmaceutical manufacturing inspection procedure is to enable Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance. A further aim of inspecting quality of products manufactured in pharmaceutical companies is to avoid the danger which will be the result of defected drugs. All Pharmaceutical companies have the same goal of providing safe and good quality drugs to patients. One way of reaching out this objective is by executing stability test that proves to monitoring organizations that a drugs manufactured are safe and effective. Stability test are done on each drug and its package to ensure that the drug will meet the goal of safety and quality for the shelf life indicated. But most of the time, companies focus only on stability studies with not considering package performance as critical importance and not realizing that a stability test failure may have nothing to do with the drug itself, rather the failure can be a result of its packaging. To avoid stability failure and gain understanding of the sensitivity of the dosage, the performance of the drug’s package should be studied at the same time the performance of the drug itself is being evaluated. Package integrity can be determined very early in the stability test’s timeline. Hence this project is developed to detect missing tablet in a strip, gives the count and displays the total count of tablet in a strip. This is captured in camera and monitored through matlab.
The prototype of proposed system is shown in Fig. It is composed of webcam, 16*2 LCD display, Computer, Renesas microcontroller, 5v Power Supply, Geared DC Motor. The webcam is used to acquire image of a tablet pack moving on a conveyor belt.
The DC motor is used to run the conveyer and bottom DC motor is used to rotate the vessels to collect the tablets. PC is connected to microcontroller via serial to USB converter and monitored through Matlab. Whenever the IR sensor detects the tablet strip on the conveyer, it stops the conveyer and camera will capture the strip. If any tablet is missed in the strip then it gives intimation on display. It gives the count of tablets in a strip, and process repeats.
The power supply circuit. It’s based on 3 terminal voltage regulators, which provide the required regulated +5V and unregulated +12V. Power is deliver initially from standard 12V AC/DC adapter or 12V battery.
Renesas (RL78) is 16 bit architecture, it has 64 I/O pin (R5F100LE). It has 11 I/O ports, 64kB ROM, 4kB RAM,1 watch dog timer,I2C protocol, 3 UART’s, 10 bit ADC, 8 Timers, on chip debug function, high speed on-chip oscillator.
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, based on Liquid Crystal Technology liquid crystal display consists of an array of tiny segments (called pixels) that can be manipulated to present information. LCDs are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones. Whatever the data is received by the micro controller it will be print on LCD
IR Tx and Rx
Renesas flash programmer
The quality in the pharmaceutical industry has become a very important topic. Since the world has gathered together to harmonize its practices and guides and the launching of the FDA current good manufacturing practices – the cGMP; for the 21st century – there has been a growing awareness for the significance of the quality of the pharmaceutical products (Woodcock, 2004). This awareness is represented through the appearance of several definitions defining exactly what the quality of the medicine should be (LEE and Webb, 2009). Many articles were written to demonstrate the special nature of the product-customer relationship of medicine and patients (Woodcock, 2004). Also the important role of governments was emphasized through the joint statement between the international pharmaceutical federation; FIP; and the international federation of pharmaceutical manufacturers associations; IFPMA; to ensure the safety of medicinal products in order to protect the patient (FIP Council, 1999), providing that the pharmaceutical industry is one of the most closely regulated industries for more than 50 years (Woodcock, 2004).
Since 2002, FDA began an initiative to address cGMP for the 21st century (Woodcock, 2004). This effort involved taking new looks at both the regulatory and industrial systems for insuring drug quality (Larson, 2006).
A literature review was conducted on the quality in the pharmaceutical industry, identifying 102 publications that focus on conceptual issues, methodological issues, or the application of different practices and/or guidelines applied in the pharmaceutical industries. The content of these sources was analyzed, and a number of themes were identified.
The literature review has two objectives concerned with the quality guidelines and practices of the pharmaceutical industry and the organization such as practices and guidelines to make a guide for others to use.
A research of this kind serves to integrate past research and can help current and future researchers, and practitioners employing the suitable guideline or practice to develop their methodological decisions in upgrading the industry.
This article introduced some issues regarding what is so special about pharmaceutical quality and different drivers of quality are then identified (Fraser, 2005; Dean and Bruttin, 2001). This is followed by the identified research themes and their development. Finally, managerial implications are discussed.
Pharmaceutical manufacturers have just begun to understand and apply the FDA’s cGMPs for the 21st century: A Risk-Based Approach; the initiative outlines immediate, near and longer-term stages that FDA believes will take two years to be implemented (Larson 2004).
On the technical side, FDA states three concepts that will guide the reevaluation process: advances in risk management science, advances in quality management science and advances in pharmaceutical science and manufacturing technology (Larson, 2004).
The most important guidelines are Code of Federal Regulation 210, 211.
21CFR Part 210: The regulations contain the minimum current good manufacturing practice for methods to be used in, and the facilities or controls to be used for, the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug to assure that such a drug meets the requirements of the act as to safety, and has the identity and strength and meets the quality and purity characteristics that it claims to possess.
21CFR Part 211: The regulations in this part contain the minimum current good manufacturing practice for preparation of drug products for administration to humans or animals.
The FDA has concluded that modern quality systems together with manufacturing processes and product knowledge, can handle many types of changes to facilities, equipment and processes without the need for regulatory submission (Fraser, 2005).
Problem Definition (Existing System)
This paper examines the Pharmaceutical (Pharma) industry and the changes that have occurred particularly over the last 10 years as a result of the overall economic downturn, the rising cost of healthcare and the costs associated with the development and sales of pharmaceuticals. One response of big Pharma to this has been the recent spate of partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, consolidation, diversification, licensing agreements and downsizing in both human and capital resources. Four major challenges facing the complex Pharma industry are highlighted and discussed. These include the decline in the discovery, approval and marketing of new chemical entities (NCE) with fewer and fewer blockbuster drugs making it to the market, competition from generics drugs, regulatory pressures and the weak growth in the US market (the largest market) and therefore the need to explore other markets to name a few. In addition to the research driven aspect of the paper, a summary of the interviews conducted with executives and other industry practitioners (to get their personal views) is presented.
Summary of main problems
inadequate rules, regulations and structures;
Increasing number of missing tablets by lack of technology
Unsorted tablet strips
Miss match in counting number of total strips
Will be bad reputation for drug industries for missing tablets
donor agencies with conflicting procurement regulations
lack of trained procurement staff
public sector staff with little experience in responding to market situations
Networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.
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Real Time Projects
Real time refers to sensing and responding to external events nearly simultaneously (e.g., within milliseconds or microseconds) with their occurrence.
The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
Web Security Projects
Web application security, is a branch of Information Security that deals specifically with security of websites, web applications and web services
Android is an open-source operating system used for smartphones and tablet computers.
Data Mining/Data Science
The practice of examining large pre-existing databases in order to generate new information.
The analysis and manipulation of a digitized image, especially in order to improve its quality. "image processing software"
Internet of Things (IoT)
The interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.