Population Policies- China
One Child Policy
- Implications mean there is now a huge aging population.
- Also Social impacts include more males than females.
- It has improved China's health care for women, now they're more liekly to have a successful pregnancy.
- Political problems raised are questions of human rights.
- This has made China more sustainable for the future in terms of food and resources- but there are now huge amounts of elderly dependants.
Population Policies- Malaysia
Helping a Growing Population
- Improve health service and welfare of women & children.
- They want to slow population increase, so they have enough resources.
- They're increasing family planning & contraception but abortion is illegal.
- They aim to reduce fertility from 4 to 2 children by 2070. Incentives will encourage disadvantaged groups and be costly but benefit the economy in the future.
- This will ensure sustainability in future with resources and an economy to look after everyone.
Population Policies- Italy
Helping a Declining Population.
- Italy is in stage 5 of the demographic transition model.
- The fertility rate is 1.4, one of the lowest in Europe.
- The government is offering cash incentives- a one-off 1000Euro payment to have a second child.
- It also has been discussed to pay women not to have abortions.
- Migration into Italy has been encouraged.
- Overall this will increase Italy's workforce to help balance the elderly dependant proportion of the population.
- More males than females.
- Population has quadrupled in the last 25years.
- High salary's for foreign workers.
- Tight alcohol laws= conflict between locals and migrants.
- Low salary for local workers.
- Influx of prostitution, people trafficing and organised crime into Dubai.
- Polarised system, wealthy urban area, poor rural area and cattleman.
Polish Migration to the UK (1)
- High Unemployment (up to 40% in rural areas.)
- Lower Wages.
Pull Factors (UK):-
- Low unemployment
- Availability of work.
- Need jobs in areas such as construction.
- Higher wages (4-5x higher than Poland)
- Cost of living only 2x more.
Polish Migration to the UK (2)
- Contribute £2.5 billion to UK economy.
- Offsets ageing population.
- Work for lower pay.
- Hard working, flexible and enthusiastic workers.
- Taking jobs off British people.
- Exploited by employers.
- Violence and abuse are higher in areas of high migrant density.
- Assimilation problems.
- UK pays for language facilities for migrant migrants.
Worcester services and shops for migrants
- Baltic Amber- Polish, Russian, Romanian & British food.
- Adresy Polskion Sldpow UK.
- Andian Restaurant.
- Polish courses - Worcester university.
- Fish monger Maria- Eastern European food.
- Braemar Opticians.
Impacts of Ageing population in UK
- Number of people reaching 100years+ is at record high.
- Greater burden on NHS.
- 90% increase of people over 100 since 1911.
- 0.015% of UK population are 100years+.
- There will be 40,000 people 100years+ by 2031.
- Rapidly increased since 1950's due to NHS housing improvements, nutrition and sanitation.
- People in 60's and 50's looking after their parents has increased.
- 6% of the population will be 100years+ by 2030.
Isle of Purbeck
- Purbeck has more females than males because women have a longer life expectancy and elderly people tend to live there.
- 98.8% of the population are white compared to the national average of 90.8%.
- High level of pupils get level 1-3 qualifications but a low level of 4-5 level qualifications as people move away to go to university.
- High rate of home ownership- 5% above national average.
- There is a low amount of council homes, 7.7% compared to the national average of 13.2%.
Demographic Transition Model
- Stage 1:- Ethiopia & Bangladesh. (UK pre 1760) LEDC's. High birth & death rates.
- Stage 2:- Sri Lanka & Kenya. (UK 1761-1880) LEDC's & NIC's. High birth rates but death rates rapidly declining due to medical advancements.
- Stage 3:- China & Cuba. (UK 1881-1940) NICs. Birth rates are declining rapidly whilst death rates are falling slightly still.
- Stage 4:- Japan & USA. (UK post 1941) MEDC's. Birth rates and death rates remain low and fluctuate slightly.
- Stage 5:- Hungary & Italy (since 1995). MEDC's. Population is decling due to low birth rates.