A type of learning where a new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is called ___________ learning. latent The process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called ___________________. reinforcement A type of learning where you watch the behavior of another person or model is called ____________ learning. observational A ___________ reinforcer refers to an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future. negative A ___________ reinforcer refers to an added pleasant stimulus leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future. positive _____________ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears. Extinction When a conditioned response follows a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus, it is called stimulus ________________. generalization If two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not, then it is called stimulus _______________. discrimination According to the textbook, what is the most effective method to shape behavior. Positive reinforcement ___________ is a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. Learning _____________ conditioning focuses on the natural biological responses of humans and animals to the presence of a stimulus such as food, water, or pain, Classical __________ conditioning applies to voluntary responses, which an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome from humans and animals. Operant ___ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. Classical conditioning ___ is the process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. Shaping Use to study for In-Class Quiz Three and the Mid-Term Exam.