CHICAGO, IL.- The Art Institute of Chicago
, home of one of the most comprehensive architecture archives and photography collections in the United States, has organized an innovative exhibition that explores the work of Louis Sullivan through the lenses of legendary photographers John Szarkowski, Aaron Siskind, and Richard Nickel. These photographers employed their cameras to document and interpret Louis Sullivans architecture and, in the process, helped shape his legacy. Showcasing more than 60 photographs, 20 Sullivan drawings and sketches, and terracotta and metal architectural fragments, Looking After Louis Sullivan: Photographs, Drawings, and Fragmentson view in Photography Galleries 1 and 2 and Architecture Gallery 24 through December 12, 2010provides a rare opportunity to examine Sullivans structures and ornamental programs across a variety of media.
Since photographys beginnings in the 19th century, architecture has proven an ideal and compelling subject for the camera. In the 1950s, photographers John Szarkowski, Aaron Siskind, and Richard Nickel embarked separately on in-depth photographic explorations of structures designed by the renowned architect Louis Sullivan, whose commercial buildings and theaters of the 1880s and early 1890s broke with historical precedents by displaying a radical, organic fusion of formal and functional elements. Attracted to Sullivans renegade American spirit and uncompromising values, Szarkowski, Siskind, and Nickel also found inspiration in the play of light over his ornamented facades and the dynamism of his buildings within the bustling city of Chicago. The interest of these photographers came at a critical moment; many of Sullivans most important structures were being threatened with demolition in the service of urban renewal, and these photographic projects illustrated the fragile existence of his architecture, provided new impetus for its preservation, and recast Sullivans reputation in the annals of architecture.
During his lifetime, Sullivan was known as the father of the skyscraper and served as an important mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright and other members of the Prairie school. His work had largely fallen into obscurity by the 1930s, when a small group of historians began to identify the structural transparency and horizontal expanses of glass in his commercial building as early American manifestations of the International Style that was gaining in popularity worldwide. In order to fit Sullivans work into the triumphal narrative of modern architecture, scholars had to dramatically edit his oeuvre, marginalizing his writings and residential projects, and most importantly, disavowing his use of ornament. When photographers in the 1950s began taking pictures that focused on the sensuous, abstract, and even strange beauty of the architects façades, they reconstructed Sullivans project and demonstrated just how selective previous generations of scholars had been. The photographers put ornament back at the center of Sullivans production and drew new attention to it as the locus of art, intellect, and the freedom of mans creative powersas Sullivan had originally intended it to be.
John Szarkowski, who would later become a renowned curator at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, found a kindred spirit in Sullivan and spent five years photographing his buildings. He published these photographs in his 1956 book, The Idea of Louis Sullivan, which sought to reanimate the concepts fundamental to Sullivans work by integrating photography with contemporary interviews and excerpts from the architects writings. Independently, in fall 1952, Aaron Siskind, a teacher at Chicagos legendary Institute of Design, began leading student workshops patterned after his experiences with the Feature Group projects of the Photo League in New York. Siskind directed a photographic archive of Sullivan buildings in and around Chicago, engaging a team of students eager to participate in what would come to be known as the Sullivan Project. One of these students was Richard Nickel, who intensively researched and documented Sullivans structures for his masters thesis, discovering many that had been previously unknown.
Nickel ultimately made the photographyand later, as more buildings were slated for demolition, the preservationof Sullivans buildings his lifes work. Nickel died while trying to rescue ornament from Sullivans Stock Exchange Building.
Looking After Louis Sullivan: Photographs, Drawings, and Fragments is unique in its insistence on showcasing the work of these photographers within the context of primary Sullivan material, including here fragments from destroyed Sullivan buildings and sketches from Sullivans own hand. The exhibition is drawn from the permanent collections of the Department of Photography and the Department of Architecture and Design at the Art Institute, and the works in the exhibition reflect a shared concern with the human experience of architecture and the integrity of artistic expression.
Looking After Louis Sullivan: Photographs, Drawings, and Fragments is curated by Elizabeth Siegel, Associate Curator of Photography at the Art Institute of Chicago, and Alison Fisher, the Schiff Assistant Curator of Architecture at the Art Institute of Chicago.