Friedman conducted his prizewinning research jointly with Kendall and
Taylor at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center of Stanford University.
In a series of experiments from 1967 to 1973, the three physicists used
a particle accelerator to direct a beam of high-energy electrons at
target protons and neutrons. They found that the manner in which the
electrons scattered from the targets indicated that both protons and
neutrons are composed of hard, electrically charged, pointlike particles.
As the three men continued their experiments, it became clear that these
particles corresponded to the fundamental particles called quarks, whose
existence had been hypothesized in 1964 by Murray Gell-Mann and George
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