BLUSHING. CHAP. XIII only under a strong emotion, and when the skin is not too dark from long exposure and want of cleanliness. Mr. Lang answers., " I have noticed that shame almost always excites a blush, which frequently extends as low as the neck." Shame is also shown, as he adds, " by the eyes being turned from side to side." As ilr. Lang was a teacher in a native school, it is probable that he chiefly observed children; and we know that they blush more than adults. Mr. G. Taplin has seen half-castes blush- ing, and he says that the aborigines have a word expres- sive of shame. Mr. Hagenauer, who is one of those who has never observed the Australians to blush, says that he has " seen them looking down to the ground on ac- count of shame;" and the missionary, Mr. Buhner, re- marks that though "I have not been able to detect anything like shame in the adult aborigines, I have noticed that the eyes of the children, when ashamed, present a restless, watery appearance, as if they did not know where to look.55 The facts now given are sufficient to show that blush- ing, whether or not there is any change of colour, is common to most, probably to all, of the races of man. Movements and gestures which accompany Blushing. ' —Under a keen sense of shame there is a strong desire for concealment.20 We turn away the whole body, more especially the face, which we endeavour in some manner to hide. An ashamed person can hardly endure to meet f i * Mr. Wedgwood says (Diet, of English Etymology, vol. ill. 1865, p. 155) that the word shame " may well originate 1 in the idea of shade or concealment, and may be illustrated by the Low German sc&ewup, shade or shadow." Gratiolet (Be la Phys. pp. 357—362) has a good discussion on the gestures accompanying shame; but some of his remarks seem to me rather fanciful. See, also, Burgess (ibid. pp. 69, 134) on the same subject.