By Henry N. Houérou
Overlaying a space of over one hundred thirty million km2 spanning the Mediterranean, equator and tropics, the African continent contains a mind-blowing geographic range. accordingly, it truly is characterized by means of super variable climatic, edaphic and ecological stipulations, linked to a variety of traditional crops and flora and fauna, in addition to human inhabitants density, vegetation and cattle. during this ebook, Henry Le Hou?rou offers his bioclimatic and biogeographic class of Africa. The vast information give you the foundation for comparisons among a number of African areas, and with areas on different continents comparable to Latin the US or the Indian subcontinent. the consequences represent a rational foundation for nationwide, local and sub-regional rural improvement making plans, and for agricultural learn facing facets corresponding to plant and animal introductions, the extrapolation or interpolation of experimental or developmental findings, and ecosystems dynamics. attainable difficulties of functions also are tested.
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Between 10 and 23°27′N and S). e. e. between 10°N and 10°S). 22 1 Introduction Fig. e. by a period when P falls below 1/3 of ETo. Whenever there are two dry and two rainy seasons, the regime is labelled “2” in Table A1; otherwise, it is labelled “1”, even if there are two rainy peaks. The labels “1” and “2” in Table A1 thus do not necessarily correspond with monomodal and bimodal regimes. My meaning of monomodal and bimodal is therefore identical to that of other authors such as Nicholson et al.
2 4 Week period 23 APR - 20 MAY 21 MAY - 17 JUN 18 JUN - 15 JUL 16 JUL - 12 AUG 13 AUG - 9 SEP 10 SEP - 7 OCT Fig. 8 Relationship between various seasonal rainfall probabilities and the norm (p/P) in the Sahel zone of the Rep. 4 ETo (Penman/Monteith; Doorenbos and Pruitt 1975; Doorenbos and Kassam 1979; Allen et al. 1998). This is shown in Table T7 for a number of crops. This is the initial “Kc” coefficient of irrigation agronomists. 35 ETo is available to plants. This criterion therefore seemed to constitute a rational choice to distinguish the rainy from the dry season.
18°54′S P = 1,329 mm 2t = 439 mm Long. 35 ETo = 400 mm Elev. 0 °C ETo = 1,143 mm b Toliara (Madagascar) Arid tropical lowland agro-bioclimate, with very warm winters Lat. 23°23′S P = 275 mm 2t = 578 mm Long. 35 ETo = 540 mm Elev. 0 °C ETo = 1,544 mm c Windhoek (Namibia) Arid tropical midland agro-bioclimate with mild/warm winters Lat. 22°34′S P = 361 mm 2t = 456 mm Long. 35 ETo = 459 mm Elev. 0 °C ETo = 1,311 mm d Gaborone (Botswana) Semi-arid tropical highland agro-bioclimate with temperate winters Lat.