Once it was one of the most common fish in water bodies of the European part of Russia. Yelts live only in clean, oxygen-rich water. Therefore, they are among the first to die when discharged into rivers of untreated or insufficiently treated industrial and other effluents. Yelets is a schooling small fish of the cyprinid family, rarely reaching a length of 30 cm and a weight of 400 g. The body is elongated, silver scales, black back, fins grayish, dark back and tail. He prefers large and small rivers to large rivers, rising with hollow water to the very upper reaches and staying for a summer lodge. Most often found in a fairly rapid course, below the rapids, at a depth of 1-2 m, in places with a sandy, pebble or clay bottom. It keeps near the bottom and underwater, but in the summer it often goes to the upper layers of the water to hunt for insects.
In the southern regions spawning takes place in March and April, in the northern regions – later. In open water, fishing begins in spring, after enlightenment of water bodies. The most successful is fishing on a fishing rod, piloting, in the summer – fly fishing. The choice of nozzles for the European dace is wide enough. This is maggot, bloodworm, worm (preferably small dung), caddis, mormysh, crushed bread, cereal grains, grasshopper, horsefly, flies. When fly fishing, dace is successfully caught on artificial flies.
In Siberia, it forms a subspecies – the Siberian dace, or megdym, which is quite widespread in the reservoirs of Western and Eastern Siberia. Sometimes the locals call this fish a chebak. Catching it is very popular among Siberian fishermen. It reaches the same size and weight as the European one, although individuals up to 600 g are found in some mountain lakes. It differs from the Siberian roach (sorogi) by a narrower, squared body and light fins, as well as the fact that it does not have a red spot on the iris of the eye. Lives in clean rivers, lakes, reservoirs. It is especially common in the middle and lower sections of the rivers Selenga, Barguzin, Angara, Kichera, Vitim, Olekma and their tributaries. He prefers to stay in whirlpools, under rifts, on pebble banks, at the mouths of streams and streams.
Spawning occurs in May-June at a water temperature of 5-7 degrees. The female spawns eggs at sites with a rocky-sandy bottom, sometimes covered with grass, on plants, and pebbly-sandbanks. Fertility is up to 30 thousand eggs. In previous years, for example, a great number of this fish entered the Transbaikal rivers. When the chebak was going to spawn, the pebble shallows literally did not show the bottom – with such dense shoals it moved upstream to the places of spawning grounds. Unfortunately, over time, the number of this fish has dramatically decreased. The Yelts, as we have already said, cannot stand even the smallest pollution of a reservoir. Siberian dace feeds on plankton, mulberry, small mollusks, crustaceans, various insects and their larvae. Inhabited usually in the same places as taimen, lenok and grayling, it eats their eggs and thereby harms a stock of valuable salmon fish.
In the summer, before sunrise, dace trees, as a rule, stay at the bottom, then rise half-water, and in the evening come to the surface to hunt for insects. In autumn, with a decrease in water temperature, activity decreases. Yelets are extremely careful and shy. It is enough to appear on the surface of the water shadows from a fisherman or rod, as a flock of calmly walking under the shore dace quickly hiding in the depths. However, he does not react at all to the movements of a fisherman standing in the water, so in the summer the most prey is catching this fish in a wander. The timidity of the dace can also be explained by the fact that before freezing, when there is sludge along the rivers (snow with ice), it clogs with dense packs in dense packs into frozen bays, backwaters or keeps under the barriers due to the noise of ice. Unlike grayling, he does not take any bait at this time, until the establishment of durable ice.
In open water, dace fishing can begin immediately after ice drift, when the water is still muddy and high. During this period, he enters spilled canals, lowlands flooded by spring water. They catch it directly in the rivers, in small plants with a reverse course, in shallow water. When fishing in muddy water, the bait should lie at the bottom, so it’s most convenient to use a half-bait: a light fishing rod 4-5 m long, equipped with a fishing line with a diameter of 0.12-0.13 mm and a thinner leash. The sinker is selected so that it does not drift with the current. The float is attached to the main fishing line 40-50 cm from the tip of the rod. Some float is not set. The bite of the dace is clearly visible by the displacement of the fishing line, usually upstream. Caught without bait, into small pieces of earthworms. With water enlightenment, spruce trees after spawning actively peck on float tackle (usually in quiet water), and with the advent of insects an exciting fly fishing begins.
As with grayling, natural baits (grasshopper, gadfly, horsefly, fly) and artificial flies are used. The best time to bite is morning and evening dawns, sometimes throughout the day. Especially good at pecking dace at a small grasshopper. Artificial flies are selected by color and shape, imitating insects that live along the banks of a river.
Lake dace is most often caught on float gear. Including match, as a rule, with bait. On some large lakes less visited by fishermen with clean water, fishing is quite successful. The bite of the dace depends on its size and activity. The small one pecks carefully, tugs at the nozzle for a long time, the large one takes on the move. The meat of both European and Siberian dace is distinguished by high palatability. He is good in the ear, fried, dried and smoked.
author: В.А. Kazantsev "Open Water Fishing"
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