the logical study of such philosophical concepts as necessity, possibility, contingency, etc
the logical study of concepts whose formal properties resemble certain moral, epistemological, and psychological concepts See also alethic, deontic, epistemic, doxastic
any formal system capable of being interpreted as a model for the behaviour of such concepts
An extension of propositional calculus with operators that express various “modes” of truth. Examples of modes are: necessarily A, possibly A, probably A, it has always been true that A, it is permissible that A, it is believed that A.
“It is necessarily true that A” means that things being as they are, A must be true, e.g.
“It is necessarily true that x=x” is TRUE
“It is necessarily true that x=y” is FALSE
even though “x=y” might be TRUE.
Adding modal operators [F] and [P], meaning, respectively, henceforth and hitherto leads to a “temporal logic”.
Flavours of modal logics include: Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL), Propositional Linear Temporal Logic (PLTL), Linear Temporal Logic (LTL), Computational Tree Logic (CTL), Hennessy-Milner Logic, S1-S5, T.
C.I. Lewis, “A Survey of Symbolic Logic”, 1918, initiated the modern analysis of modality. He developed the logical systems S1-S5. JCC McKinsey used algebraic methods (Boolean algebras with operators) to prove the decidability of Lewis’ S2 and S4 in 1941. Saul Kripke developed the relational semantics for modal logics (1959, 1963). Vaughan Pratt introduced dynamic logic in 1976. Amir Pnuelli proposed the use of temporal logic to formalise the behaviour of continually operating concurrent programs in 1977.
[Robert Goldblatt, “Logics of Time and Computation”, CSLI Lecture Notes No. 7, Centre for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Second Edition, 1992, (distributed by University of Chicago Press)].
[Robert Goldblatt, “Mathematics of Modality”, CSLI Lecture Notes No. 43, Centre for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, 1993, (distributed by University of Chicago Press)].
[G.E. Hughes and M.J. Cresswell, “An Introduction to Modal Logic”, Methuen, 1968].
[E.J. Lemmon (with Dana Scott), “An Introduction to Modal Logic”, American Philosophical Quarterly Monograpph Series, no. 11 (ed. by Krister Segerberg), Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1977].
[mohd-l] /ˈmoʊd l/ adjective 1. of or relating to mode, manner, or form. 2. Music. 3. Also, single modal. Transportation. pertaining to or suitable for transportation involving only one form of a carrier, as truck, rail, or ship. Compare (def 3), . 4. Grammar. noting or pertaining to mood. 5. Philosophy. pertaining to a mode […]
spelling Do you mean modem? (2008-05-08)
A version of HP-PASCAL enhanced with system programming constructs, used internally by HP. (1995-02-07)
[mod] /mɒd/ Informal. noun 1. an act or instance of ; modification. verb (used with object), modded, modding. 2. to modify, especially a vehicle or mechanical part: The car was modded for speed and power. 3. Computers. /mɒd/ noun 1. (Brit) /mɒd/ noun 1. an annual Highland Gaelic meeting with musical and literary competitions /mɒd/ […]