What are your research topics?
I study carbon reservoirs in the soil and the carbon cycle as well as the processes that affect them. I am particularly interested in the effect of plant roots and microbes on the functioning of the soil ecosystem.
Through photosynthesis, plants produce carbon compounds, some of which end up being used by soil microbiota and biota directly as root secretions, and some only as litter. Plants and the soil biota are in close interaction, and their significance to soil functions is extremely high.
Where and how does the topic of your research have an impact?
The condition of the soil and the balanced functioning of soil processes constitute a prerequisite for our wellbeing, as plant growth in both forest and agricultural ecosystems depends on soil fertility. The soil provides many ecosystem services benefitting humanity, including carbon storage. Therefore, understanding soil processes is of major importance for everyone.
We conduct research in collaboration with climate scientists and modellers, as understanding the functioning of the soil is also essential for tackling climate issues. The response of the soil to changing climate conditions can either mitigate or aggravate the effects of climate change.
What is particularly inspiring in your field right now?
Topicality. The importance of the bioeconomy, both for forestry and agriculture, has re-emerged as a matter of life and death for humanity. The bioeconomy can only be sustainable if soil functions are taken into consideration alongside biodiversity. Now more than ever, knowledge based on research is needed to support decision-making.
Jussi Heinonsalo is Professor of Forest Soil Science at the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry.