The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is an automated, autonomous tracking system which is extensively used in the maritime
world for the exchange of navigational information between AIS-equipped terminals. Thanks to it, static and dynamic vessel information can be electronically exchanged
between AIS-receiving stations (onboard,
ashore or satellite).
Actually, as from December 2004, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) requires all passengers' vessels, as well as, all commercial vessels over 299 Gross
Tonnage (GT) that travel internationally to carry a Class A AIS transponder (which transmits and receives AIS data) aboard (smaller vessels can also be equipped with a Class B AIS transponder). This decision came as a result of the
2002 SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) agreement's relative mandate.
AIS transponders (on vessel stations) include a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver which collects the subject vessel's
position and movement details. Such (dynamic) details along with other static information provided by the vessel's crew are automatically
broadcasted at regular intervals via a built-in VHF transmitter using 2 specific VHF channels (161.975 Mhz and
162.025 Mhz - 87 & 88 old VHF channels).
The periodic AIS-data information can be received by other vessel or base stations (provided they are within range). Then, with the use of special
software, it can be processed and depicted on chart plotters or on
computers (for example, on the MarineTraffic Live Map). AIS-data can also be received by satellites - in this
case, the term Sat-AIS is used (Satellite AIS or S-AIS).
The availability of the AIS information to the public domain quickly led to a drastic change regarding the initial perception of its use. AIS was originally developed by IMO (International
Maritime Organisation) as a standard which would help vessels to avoid collisions while assisting port authorities
to control marine traffic with more efficiency. However, the fact that its capabilities could become applicable to a wider spectrum
of maritime-related business fields, soon became clear!
Nowadays, AIS information is used to serve various purposes and facilitates the work of people in various occupations, such as (among others):