November 2011, three scientists were awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for the research on DC.
Harvesting and Converting Macrophages into Dendritic Cell
In high-end research and laboratory facilities, macrophages can be harvested from circulating or peripheral blood and then converted into dendritic cell in the lab, concentrated into one or two milliliter and then injected subcutaneously somewhat like vaccine or insulin injection.
Dendritic cell is injected like vaccine injection, together with local hyperthermia, total body hyperthermia, immune restoration such as mineral infusion and mistle toe injection had shown highly significant result for advance and recurrent stage IV cancer.
For example, 350 recurrent stage IV breast cancer, 86% cured (survive more than 5 years), in fact at the time of cut-off point for research writing many subjects are still free of cancer after seven years. Refer to Fighting Cancer – A Nontoxic Approach to Cancer Treatment. By Robert Gorter or Robert Gorter model.
In similar group of stage IV patients, only 1.76% survives 5 years.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune cells forming part of the immune system. It derive from macrophages. Outside blood stream, macrophages act differently, that so-called dendritic cell.
Dendritic cells were first described by Paul Langerhans (Langerhans cells) in the late nineteenth century. It wasn’t until 1973, however, that the term “dendritic cells” was coined by Ralph M. Steinman and Zanvil A. Cohn. For discovering the central role of dendritic cells in the adaptive immune response, Steinman was awarded the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 2007 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2011.
Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the surface to other cells of the immune system such as cancer materials to natural killer cell. One active dendritic cell detected cancer cells, “chopped it” into pieces and presented to natural killer cells. One dendritic cell is estimated to present cancer particles from cancer cell to as much as 5000 natural cell. Natural killer cell is policemen or killer squad but do not recognized the enemy(cancer cell) until dendritic cell that act like intelligence feeding information to them that there are very bad enemy inside our body.
One natural killer cell is estimated in vitro able to kill average of 27 cancer cells. Activating macrophages into dendritic cell sand activating “sleeping” natural killer cells is a novel and sure way of eradicating cancer.
That is, dendritic cells function as antigen-presenting cells. One dendritic They act as messengers between the innate and adaptive immunity.
Dendritic cells are present in tissues in contact with the external environment, such as the skin (where there is a specialized dendritic cell type called Langerhans cells) and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They can also be found in an immature state in the blood. Once activated, they migrate to the lymph nodes where they interact with T cells and B cells to initiate and shape the adaptive immune response. At certain development stages they grow branched projections, the dendrites that give the cell its name. While similar in appearance, these are distinct structures from the dendrites of neurons.
Dendritic cells in blood
The blood DCs are typically identified and enumerated in flow cytometry. Three types of DCs have been defined in human blood and these are the CD11c+ myeloid DCs, the CD141+ myeloid DCs and the CD303+ plasmacytoid DCs. This represents the nomenclature proposed by the respective IUIS nomenclature committee. Dendritic cells that circulate in blood do not have all the typical features of their counterparts in tissue, i.e. they are less mature and have no dendrites. Still, they can perform complex functions including chemokine-production in CD11c+ myeloid DCs, cross-presentation in CD141+ myeloid DCs and IFNalpha production in CD303+ plasmacytoid DCs.