Diabetes drug could work against Alzheimer's
Bonn, 24th November 2010. Metformin, a drug used in type 2-diabetes might have the potential to also act against Alzheimer's disease. This has been shown in a study from scientists of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), the University of Dundee and the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics. The researchers have found out that the diabetes drug metformin counteracts alterations of the cell structure protein Tau in mice nerve cells. These alterations are a main cause of the Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, they uncovered the molecular mechanism of metformin in this process. "If we can confirm that metformin shows also an effect in humans, it is certainly a good candidate for an effective therapy on Alzheimer's diseases," says Sybille Krauß from DZNE. Their results have been published in the scientific journal PNAS on November 22nd. Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia that affects almost exclusively elderly people. Today, about 700,000 people are suffering from Alzheimer's disease in Germany. Neurons in their brains die, leading to cognitive impairment. At the molecular level, the disease is characterized amongst others by the formation of Tau protein deposits in nerve cells. Tau is a molecule that usually binds to the supportive cytoskeleton and performs a function in the transport system of the cell. In Alzheimer's disease, Tau is tipped too strongly with phosphate groups. This phosphorylation causes removal of Tau from the cytoskeleton and aggregation.
To counteract this problem, researchers aimed at regulating the protein PP2A. This protein is normally responsible for removing phosphate groups from Tau protein. In Alzheimer's disease, PP2A is not active enough – leading to an increased phosphorylation and deposition of Tau. The scientists around Sybille Krauss and Susann Schweiger (University of Dundee) therefore looked for a drug that increases the activity of PP2A. "So far there is no drug on the market that targets the formation of tau aggregates," says Krauß.
In cell culture experiments with mouse nerve cells, the researchers showed that metformin directly protects PP2A against degradation by preventing the binding to special degradation proteins. This mechanism of metformin has been unknown so far. In addition, an increase in PP2A activity leads to a reduction in Tau phosphorylation. In a next step, the scientists added metformin to drinking water of healthy mice. This also led to a reduction of Tau-phoshorylation in brain cells. In further experiments, the researchers now intend to investigate, whether metformin prevents the deposition of tau proteins also in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and improves cognitive performance of the animals. The effect in humans will then be tested in clinical studies. There is no risk of unexpected side effects, due to the fact that the drug is already used against diabetes.
- Diabetes drug could work against Alzheimer's, animal study suggestsfrom Science DailySat, 27 Nov 2010, 8:30:38 EST
Latest Science NewsletterGet the latest and most popular science news articles of the week in your Inbox! It's free!
Learn more about
Check out our next project, Biology.Net
From other science news sites
Popular science news articles
- First discovery in United States of colistin resistance in a human E. coli infection
- Predicting the spread of the Zika virus
- Harnessing solar and wind energy in one device could power the 'Internet of Things'
- Early use of 'hurricane hunter' data improves hurricane intensity predictions
- Researchers make a key discovery in how malaria evades the immune system
- Zika virus may be linked to more eye problems in Brazilian babies with microcephaly
- Study explores why there is no Labor Party in the United States
- Astronomers find giant planet around very young star
- Why is there no Labor Party in the United States?
- Discovery could energize development of longer-lasting batteries
- Twitter location data can reveal users' home, work addresses
- Scientists create novel 'liquid wire' material inspired by spiders' capture silk
- High blood pressure linked to vascular dementia
- Mille-feuille-filter removes viruses from water
- USF scientists discover Antarctic sponge extract can help kill MRSA