On 20 November, FOSS had the pleasure of awarding the 2017 Nils Foss Talent Prize to Kristian Holst Laursen, Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences at the University of Copenhagen.
Kristian Holst Laursen's work with identifying and treating manganese deficiency in plants has had led to several international ventures, and his passion for solving local agricultural challenges has helped farmers all over the world. His latest research works to safeguard organic food producers by looking at plant authenticity, which can define and eliminate food fraud.
Read his story below, which takes its beginning in the sandy soil of northern Jutland.
From cradle to crop
Kristian Holst Laursen grew up in a small village in the northern part of Jutland. As he tells it, there were two options for youngsters in the local community: get into trouble or go work on one of the local farms.
Kristian chose the latter and at the age of 10, he started spending his free time at the neighbouring farm. He quickly gained an interest in agriculture and plant production, which manifested in a wish to study agricultural science and become an agronomist. This way, he could assist in solving the challenges that the northern part of Jutland faced in terms of soil fertility, nutrient deficiencies and crop yield losses. This took him to Copenhagen to study at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (which later merged with the University of Copenhagen).
There, inspired by mentors and fellow students, the area of plant nutrition caught his interest. He was particularly fascinated by the fact that nutritional disorders in plants are causing unique visual deficiency symptoms. By observing the plant and using the theoretical basis, you can therefore pinpoint its nutritional needs, optimize growth conditions and thus provide the basis for an improved crop yield.
Kristian, who had seen first-hand how farmers could lose entire crops if growth conditions were not optimised, saw the acute relevance of research within this field. He started working together with researchers, Professors Søren Husted and Jan K. Schjoerring, who already were active within this research area.
Manganese deficiency – the hidden nutritional disorder
One of the major problems in Danish plant production at that time was manganese deficiency. Professor Søren Husted’s research group had a strong focus on this and Kristian decided to write his master thesis within this topic. Manganese is a tricky nutrient – it has several essential functions in plants, but its availability in soil is often low. Plants are therefore often manganese deficient but initially they show no symptoms. This may lead to severe yield losses and, in some cases, a complete loss of the crop during winter. Farmers have therefore often taken preventative measures without knowing the need or effect – this was quite common practice in Kristian’s native area.
The availability of manganese and the potential risk of manganese deficiency during a plant’s growth cannot be predicted by soil analyses. And you can’t treat a detected deficiency with soil fertilisers. The most common approach has thus been to conduct plant analyses, for example using ICP-OES (Inductive Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy), a time-consuming and destructive method that gives measures of the total amount of manganese in a plant but doesn’t allow for a detailed view of the deficiency. Danish agriculture thus requested new technologies to diagnose manganese deficiency in plants – something they could use directly in the field.
Together with Professor and mentor, Søren Husted and his research team, Kristian developed a new method for diagnosing manganese deficiency. This method had its basis in fluorescence spectroscopy and focused on the time-dependent change in emission of fluorescent light from the plant’s chlorophyll. The spectre of fluorescent light emerging from the plant as a result of the photosynthesis, was shown to change character in correlation with a change in the manganese levels in the plant. And, because this new analysis was so sensitive and accurate, manganese deficiency could now be determined even in young plants where no physical signs were visible yet. Moreover, the new method was faster, non-destructive and could be used directly in the field. Farmers can now go into the field, measure the manganese levels in a few seconds, apply manganese accordingly and measure an effect within few days.
For Kristian and three of his colleagues, this new discovery resulted in the birth of a university spin-out company, NutriNostica ApS, which sells fluorescence spectroscopy equipment to farmers, agricultural consultants, fertilizer companies and researchers. The method is now used in 10 countries, most recently in Australia.