Road to Civil War, Civil War and ReconstructionChapter 2
I. Mexican War
II. Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoFeb. 1848Ends Mexican WarCA, NM
(including UT, NV, AZ)Rio Grande River the southern boundaryMexico
gets $15 million
III. 1850sDecade of Crisis
1850sDecade of Crisis (contd)184980,000+ flood CACA a free or
slave state?CA a slave state?Extend the Missouri Line?
IV. Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850 (contd)CA free stateSlavery unrestricted in
UT & NM territoriesTX gets $10 million for landSlave trade
abolished in D.C. & MDFugitive Slave Act
V. Kansas-Nebraska Act1. Republican PartyOpposed to the
expansion of slavery & KS/NE Act.
Roger Taney Dred Scott
VI. John BrownHarpers Ferry, VABig slave
rebellion?FailureCaught, tried, executedConfederate Army
VII. The South SecedesDec. 20, 1860SC secedesProtect states
rights, slavery, & way of lifeMS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX followed.
(Later VA, AK, NC)Feb. 1861Confederate States of AmericaPres.
The South Secedes (contd)Fort Sumter, Charleston, SCS. opens
canon fire; Union gives up the Federal GarrisonConf. celebrated
their 1st victory; Civil War begins. (Bloodies war in U.S.
VIII. Civil War
Union Plan--Gen. Winfield Scott4 Phase Plan 1st PhaseUnion Navy
blockade ALL Southern Ports 2nd PhaseControl the Mississippi
River3rd PhaseMarch through GA; up to Carolinas 4th PhaseCapture
capital at Richmond, VA
AntietamBloodiest day 22,000 dead Sept. 1862TURNING POINTKept
Confederates from getting foreign aid!
Jan. 1, 1863. Gave N. moral justification England agreed; wont
help the S. Ex-slaves/free blacks joined Union 54th Mass.
IX. 1863: Turning Point1863: War Tips to the North 2. 1862-1863
Union loses at Battle of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville June
1863Gettysburg, PA Bloodiest overall battle of the war Lee; never
again try to attack the N. Confederate fate sealed at Gettysburg
Wont get European support; never win again
July 4, 1863Vicksburg, MS Union (Grant) got control of Miss.
River Gettysburg Address Jan. 1864Grant Commander of the Union
Shermans March to the Sea
X. Consequences1.Generation lost; 620,000 2.Women: nurses, vet.
hospitals, at home, etc. 3.1865: 4 million new Americans (13th
Amend.) 4.Politics: preserving the Union; federal gov. supreme
5.American democracy survived 6.
XI. Reconstruction13th AmendmentAbolishes slavery
2. 14th Amendment, 1868Protect Rights of all U.S. citizensDue
process & equal protectionNo state/fed. office; Conf.
officers3. 15th Amendment 1868, 1. States cant prevent citizens
from voting based on: race, color, or previous servitude