Instructions: Recall from the chapter that there are four fallacies of ambiguity: equivocation; accent; composition; and division.
- In equivocation, a word, phrase or sentence is ambiguous in the context, and that ambiguity is used to mislead or is confusing.
- In accent, the meaning of a sentence unambiguous in the context is changed by omitting or stressing some of its words.
- In composition, we argue that what is true of the parts of a thing must necessarily be true of the whole, or that what is true of individuals in a group/species must be true of the whole group/species collectively.
- In division, we argue that what is true of a whole thing must necessarily be true of parts of the whole, or that what is true of a group/species collectively must be true of the group members individually (i.e., distributively).
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Question 1 of 8
Everything that runs has feet. The river runs. Therefore, the river has feet.CorrectIncorrect
Question 2 of 8
Josh’s soccer team is one of the best—it had an undefeated season and shared the division title. Therefore, Josh must be a terrific player.CorrectIncorrect
Question 3 of 8
Hydrogen is not wet. Oxygen is not wet. Therefore, water—H2O—is not wet.CorrectIncorrect
Question 4 of 8
Defendant: “Who says I shot the victim? Where’s your proof?”
Prosecutor: “So you admit that you shot the victim, and that there’s proof!”CorrectIncorrect
Question 5 of 8
Of course our team is good! After all, every single one of the players is fine.CorrectIncorrect
Question 6 of 8
My neighbor’s house is about half the size of mine. Therefore his doors must be about one-half as tall as mine are.CorrectIncorrect
Question 7 of 8
Luisa: “After watching this Jennifer Aniston movie, I have decided I never want to see another of her movies ever again.”
Juan: “Okay—we’ll just watch this one over and over again.”CorrectIncorrect
Question 8 of 8
I have the right to publish my opinions concerning the present administration. What is right for me to do I ought to do. Hence, I ought to publish them.CorrectIncorrect