Here are some terms and concepts that we will refer to.
PAC – Perfect Authentic Cadence. Dominant moving to Tonic. Stereotypical end of a tonal piece. So-do in the bass, do in the soprano
IAC – Imperfect Authentic Cadence. Dominant moving to Tonic. Destabilized version of PAC, either because of inversion, pitch in the soprano, or Dominant substitution.
HC – Half Cadence. Cadence for phrases ending on Dominant. No requirement for the previous chord. (A Phrygian HC involves le-so in the bass.)
Plagal Cadence – Predominant moving to Tonic. Associated with “Amen” from hymns. Usually happens after an authentic cadence (PAC or IAC).
scale degree – Major – minor
1 do – do
2 re – re
3 mi – me
4 fa – fa
5 so – so
6 la – le (la)
7 ti – te (ti)
(In minor, la and ti may occur in addition to le and te depending on harmonic context.)
Tonic – do mi so
Dominant – so ti re (fa)
PreDominant – fa la do/re