Surface Area and Volume of Prisms
|Site:||Mountain Heights Academy OpenCourseWare|
|Course:||Mathematics Essentials Q4|
|Book:||LESSON: Surface Area and Volume of Prisms|
|Printed by:||Guest user|
|Date:||Saturday, 18 April 2015, 4:32 PM|
When you learned about plane figures such as rectangles and squares, you learned how to calculate the area of the figure.
This rectangle has a length of 8 inches and a width of 3 inches. You can find the area of a rectangle by multiplying the length times the width.
8 3 24 sq. in
The area of the rectangle is 24 sq. in or .
What is surface area?
Surface area is the total area of each of the faces of a three-dimensional object.Let’s look at a cube and see how this works.
Let’s say that we wanted to find the surface area of the cube. What would that be exactly? The surface area of the cube would be the total area of all of the blue surfaces.
Finding the surface area of a figure is very useful when painting or covering a three-dimensional solid. You have to know the total area of the whole solid to know how much paint or cloth or covering you are going to need. We call this total area the surface area of the figure.
How can we figure out the surface area of a figure?
We figure out the surface area by calculating the area of each of the faces of the solid and then add up all of the areas for the total surface area.
That is a good question! If you look at the cube we just looked at, it is hard to see all of the sides.
However, we can use a net to see all of the sides of a three-dimensional solid.
A net is a drawing that shows a “flattened out” picture of the solid. With a net we can see each part of the solid. A net is a pattern for a solid. If you were to make a net out of paper and fold it up, you would be able to create a solid figure.
Here is a net of a cube.
You learned in the last lesson that a cube has six faces. Well, you can see here that this net also has six faces. If we were to fold this figure using the line segments you would see that it would create a cube.
How do we use a net to calculate surface area?
To calculate surface area, we find the area of each of the six faces of the cube and then add up all of the areas.
It is a bit simpler with a cube because each square side is the same size. It is more challenging to work with a rectangular prism.
Let’s look at an example with a cube.
The length of one of the sides of the square face is 3 inches. We can use the formula for finding the area of a square to find the area of one square.
This is the area for one square face. There are six square faces. If we take this area and multiply it by six or add the area six times, we will have the surface area of the cube.
The surface area of the cube is .
Example 2 Now let’s look at an example and find the surface area of a rectangular prism using a net.
Let’s say that this box has a length of 6”, a width of 4” and a height of 2”.
We need to find the area of each rectangle.
There are two long sides.
There are two short sides.
There is one bottom.
First, we find the area of the bottom. It has a length of 6” and a width of 4”. Since the shape of the bottom is a rectangle, we can use the formula for finding the area of a rectangle.
Next, we find the area of the two long sides. Each long side is a rectangle in shape. The length of the side is 6” and the width of the side is 2”.
Since there are two long sides to the prism, we can take this measure and multiply it by two.
Next, we find the area of the two shorter sides. Each side is small rectangle. The length of the short side is 4” and the width is 2”.
Since there are two short sides to the prism, we can take this measure and multiply it by two.
To find the surface area of the entire prism, we add up the areas of all of the sides.
This is our answer.
What about a triangular prism?
A triangular prism is a prism with two parallel congruent bases just like a rectangular prism. However, a rectangular prism has two parallel congruent bases that are rectangles. Notice the name “rectangle” prism. A triangular prism has two parallel congruent bases that are triangles. The faces of the prism are rectangles, but the bases are triangles. Here is a picture of a triangular prism.
Here is what the net of a triangular prism would look like.
We need to figure out the area of the bottom, right side, left side and two bases which are triangles.
The bottom is a rectangle. It has a length of 7 cm and a width of 3 cm.
The left side is a rectangle. It has a length of 7 cm and a width of 4 cm.
The right side is a rectangle. It has a length of 7 cm and a width of 5 cm.
The bases are two triangles. They have a base of 3 cm and a height of 4 cm.
There are two triangles, so we can multiply this base by two.
Now we add up all of the areas.
In the last section we figured out the surface area of rectangular and triangular prisms using nets. We can also use formulas to figure out surface area. In fact, often times, you won’t have a net to work with. You can always draw one, but if you know which formula to use, you can figure out the surface area of the prism using a formula.
How can we figure out the surface area of a rectangular prism without a net?
We can figure out the surface area of a rectangular prism by using a formula. Let’s look at a diagram and then a formula to find the surface area of the rectangular prism.
To find the surface area of this rectangular prism, we have to figure out the sum of all of the areas. Here is a formula that we can use to do this.
We can substitute the given values into the formula. The length of the prism is 9 inches, the width is 3 inches and the height is 5 inches.
We can do this same work with a triangular prism. Let’s look at a diagram and a formula to find the surface area of a triangular prism.
A formula that works for all prisms, regardless of the base shape is as follows:
So in this problem:
we start by finding the area of the base. Since it's a triangle, that would be:
Then we find the perimeter of the base. Remember, perimeter is the measure around the shape, so that is:
Then we take note of the height:
Putting that into our formula we get:
So the Surface Area of this prism would be 96 square feet!
In this section, we will look at the volume of prisms. Volume is the amount of space inside a solid figure. In this section, we will look at the volume of prisms.
Let’s start with an example.
These cubes make up a rectangular prism. The cubes represent the volume of the prism.
This prism is five cubes by two cubes by one cube. In other words, it is five cubes long, by two cubes high by one cube wide.
We can multiply each of these values together to get the volume of the rectangular prism.
5 2 1 = 10 cubic units
If we count the cubes, we get the same result.
The volume of the rectangular prism is 10 cubic units or units.
Looking at all of those cubes is a simple, easy way to understand volume. If you can count the cubes, you can figure out the volume. However, not all of the prisms that you will work with will have the cubes drawn in. In this section, you will learn how to figure out the volume of a prism when there aren’t any cubes drawn inside it.
How can we figure out the volume of a prism without counting cubes?
To understand how this works, let’s look at an example.
Here we have the dimensions written on a rectangular prism. This prism has a height of 5 inches, a width of three inches and a length of four inches.
You can see that a few cubes have been drawn in to show you that if we continued filling the cubes that they would be four cubes across by three cubes wide, and we would build them five cubes high.
Here is how it works.
means the area of the base and means the height.
The area of the base is length times width.
The volume is 60 cubic inches or .
Let’s look at another example without the cubes drawn in.
The area of the base is 2 8 = 16
The height is 3 inches.
The volume of this rectangular prism is .
How can we find the volume of a triangular prism?
We can use the same formula for finding the volume of the triangular prism. Except this time, the area of the base is a triangle and not a rectangle. Let’s look at an example.
To find the volume of a triangular prism, we multiply the area of the base with the height of the prism.
To find the area of a triangular base we use the formula for area of a triangle.
The volume of the prism is