Photon Absorption: When sunlight hits the PV panels, it consists of tiny particles of light called photons. These photons are absorbed by the solar cells, which are typically made of semiconductor materials, most commonly silicon.
Electron Excitation: The energy from the absorbed photons “excites” the electrons in the semiconductor material, causing them to break free from their usual positions in the atoms of the material.
Electric Current Generation: The movement of these excited, or “free,” electrons creates an electric current. This current can be harnessed and directed through electrical circuits within the solar panels.
Direct Current (DC) to Alternating Current (AC): The electric current generated by the solar panels is in the form of direct current (DC). In most cases, homes and businesses use alternating current (AC). An inverter is employed to convert the DC into AC, making it compatible with the electrical grid and your appliances.
Electricity Distribution: The generated AC electricity can now be used to power your home, business, or any other electrical devices. Any excess electricity can be fed back into the grid or stored in batteries for later use.
The efficiency and performance of solar PV panels are influenced by factors such as the angle of the panels, the amount of sunlight they receive, and their overall quality. Solar panels have become increasingly efficient over the years, and they continue to play a vital role in the transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.