This article offers a survey of animals living in meadows. It provides information on the functions of grasslands and what they offer to animals. At first sight, meadows do not appear particularly interesting: some grass, some plants and small animals. Yet, meadows offer a habitat for the most diverse animal species. Next time you are passing a piece of meadows, you should kneel down and have a close look at all the plants and animals. It’s definitely worth it! Meadows can often be found next to forests or hedge. Would you like to know which animals are living in the forest and, which animals are living in hedges?
|Species living in meadows||ca. 3,500 animal species|
|Meadows provide animals with||
|Meadows provide the environment with||
Just like a building, a meadow consists of several “floors” or layers. The lowest layer is called parent material, then follow the subsoil, topsoil and leaf litter. There are different types of meadows: wet meadows, meadows with scattered fruit trees, dry grasslands and nutrient-poor grasslands.
1. Soil Layer
The soil stabilizes the plants and provides them with water and nutrients. The animals in the ground ensure the air circulation within the soil by breaking it up (mole, earthworm). Rabbits, large earth bumblebees and mice also find shelter and protection underground.
2. Litter Layer
There is a litter layer on the ground of the meadow, which is mainly populated by beetles, crickets and other insects. They are looking for food and shelter and also lay their eggs there.
3. Leaves and Stems of Grasses
This is often the habitat of spiders that build their webs there – much to the chagrin of the small insects that also search this layer for plants to feed on.
4. Layer of Blossoms
Indicates the layer with the blossoms and their tasty nectar. This is why it is mainly populated by bees and bumblebees – but also by smart hunters such as the crab spider. It uses the colors of the blossoms as a camouflage, so that their victims often only notice them when it’s too late.
Interesting Facts About Meadows
We distinguish between several kinds of meadows according to their composition and usage:
- flower meadow: scattered with many blossoming plants
- wet meadows: located in river valleys or near lakes, they occasionally get flooded
- salt meadows: located near the sea, occasionally flooded by saltwater
- fertile meadows: fertilized meadow, rich in nutrients
Did You Know?
- Meadows do not develop naturally, they are cultivated and maintained by humans.
- If a meadow does not get mown, it will disappear and get overgrown with shrubs and trees.
- In Germany, meadows and paddocks cover about 5 million hectare of land.