Pu03b_Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact
Oriental – Occidental
3. An architectural achievement in the use of arches and domes. It’s name means “Holy Wisdom”. 2 words
9. By controlling trade passing through this narrow waterway (between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara) the city of Byzantium accumulated great wealth.
12. A prince favored by Russia’s overlords and rewarded for his service against his own people. 2 words
13. Vladimir, in the 10th C., converted to Christianity and so did this city, which he ruled. The city was, and continued to be, a commercially driven urban center since its founding by Vikings.
14. The Mongols swept into Western and Southwestern Asia and dealt a death blow to this final caliphate of the Islamic civilization.
15. The historical term referring to the official split between the Western (Roman Catholic) Church and the Eastern (Orthodox) Church in the year 1054. 2-words
19. A Central Asian nomadic group that comes to conquer a vast expanse of the Eurasian continent in the 13th and 14th C., including the fledgling Russian state.
20. A prince that will confront and shake-off Russia’s conquerors in the 14th C. He is the first to adopt the title of Czar. 2-words
22. Literally means “smasher of icons”.
23. Generally accepted name of the Eastern Christian Church, administered from the city of Constantinople during the Byzantine period. 3 words
25. Byzantine monks helped create the Cyrillic Alphabet to aid this group in the development of a written language.
1. A panel of legal experts were called together. The panel combed through 400 years of Roman law. It found a number of laws that were outdated and others that were contradictory. The panel created a single, uniform code consisting of four works: A. “The Code” contained nearly 5,000 Roman laws that were still considered useful. B. “The Digest” quoted and summarized the opinions of Rome’s greatest legal thinkers. C. “The Institutes” was a textbook that told law students how to use the laws. D. “The Novellae” (New Laws) presented legislation passed after 534. 3-words
2. This literally means “removal” of a Christian from the community of Christ’s followers. In both Eastern and Western traditions, such an act will prevent that person from entering Heaven (reaching Salvation).
4. A 6th C. movement within the Eastern Orthodox Church that erupts into violence on the streets of Constantinople. Supporters of the movement protested the use of religious icons by smashing them.
5. This Central Asian group of Turkic nomads swept into Southwest Asia and conquered Baghdad in the 11th C. They converted to Islam in the process of migrating.
6. Generally accepted name of the Western Christian Church, administered from the city of Rome. 3 words
7. The tradition whereby an inheritance is left to the eldest son. Ignoring this tradition contributed to fragmentation and the decline of Kiev as a political power.
8. This empire was the surviving (Eastern) portion of the original Roman Empire. It would last until ~1454.
10. By discovering how this material was made, Byzantine merchants were able to undermine the Chinese monopoly and strengthen their grip on East-West trade.
11. The title of the religious leader of the Christian Church established in the surviving (Eastern) portion of the Roman Empire.
16. Capital city of the Byzantine Empire.
17. This urban center produced powerful princes that will eventually lead Russia toward liberation from its conquerors. It will help create the Russian Empire.
18. In 527, this person became emperor of the (Eastern) Roman Empire. He had the Hagia Sophia built and his best general, Belisarius, almost reconquered the former (Western) Roman empire.
21. Title of the religious leader of the Western Church. Established in the former (Western) portion of the Roman Empire.
22. Religious symbols used in rituals and observance of the faith. It was the source of a major dispute between the Eastern and Western Christian churches.
24. The weakening Byzantine state and the incursions of nomadic (Muslim) peoples into the Holy Lands, convinced the head of the Western Christian (Roman Catholic) Church to call for this sacred effort.