Tajikistan or official name Republic of Tajikistan Is a landlocked country in Central Asia Has a border with Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Tajikistan used to be part of the Soviet Union.
Tajikistan gained independence from the Soviet Union. Tajikistan gained independence in the year 1990 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, but during the first period, domestic politics was stable due to severe internal conflicts Between nationalist groups, Neo-communist groups And radical Islamic groups And there are 60,000 people killed in the incident. Later, radical Islamic groups have migrated outside the country with tens of thousands of people. Settled in northern Afghanistan And returned to guerrilla operations in Tajikistan Causing the Tajik government to rely on Russian forces to take care of the Tajik border Kishan-Afghanistan And a prolonged battle for many years until 1997, a peace treaty was signed between President Emomali Rahmonov and Mr. Sayed Abdulla Nuri, leader of the United Tajik Opposition (UTO).
The Republic of Tajikistan gained independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union on September 9, 1991, before independence in 1990. Domestic politics lacked stability due to severe internal conflicts. Due to the openness policy (Glasnost) and reform (Perestroika) of Mikhail Gorbachev, former President of the Soviet Union Causing feelings of anti-communism And formed a nationalist movement in Tajikistan as well as in other states Of the Soviet Union Resulting in a riot in February 1990 due to rumors that Armenian immigrants would settle in the capital Of Tajikistan (Dushanbe) and later in 1992, Rahmom Nabiyev, President of Tajikistan, a communist leader, was forced by a group of walkers The protest procession to accept the mixed government caused by the integration of Islam and democratic groups, the situation began to intensify when the Nabiyev armed forces of the group pushed the Islamic groups and democratic groups to withdraw from the coalition government. And founded the group Neo-communist In 1994, President Nabiyev resigned from the position of Emomali Rahmon, who was the current chairman of the council. Therefore became the head of the government by default At the same time The anti-government group led by the Islamic Rebirth Party (IRP) has emigrated outside the country with tens of thousands of people. Settled in northern Afghanistan And returned to guerrilla operations in Tajikistan Causing the Tajik government to rely on Russian forces to take care of the Tajik border Kishan-Afghanistan And had a prolonged battle for many years
International has tried to resolve the conflict of Tajikistan. Especially Russia and Iran Which has contributed In the negotiations between the Tajik government and the resistance group to stop the deal Temporarily fired in 1994 and asked the United Nations to participate in the negotiation process to resolve the issue The Secretary-General of the United Nations therefore proposed the establishment of the United Nations Mission of Tajikistan (UNMOT) to take care of the peace process. However, both sides began to violate the ceasefire agreement and have more fighting. Especially the anti-government department began to take over most of the country.
In 1997, with cooperation between Iran, Russia and the United Nations Able to convince both sides to sign a peace treaty between President Emomali Rahmon and Sayed Abdulla Nuri, leader of the United Tajik Opposition (UTO) on 27 June 1997, with the establishment of a commission for reconciliation nation Caring for the return of refugees As well as disarming various armed groups and starting a democratic process in order to have a fair general election
In the first period after the signing of the peace treaty The deal was not followed much. There are still violations of the ceasefire agreement from both sides. But the Tajik government has called on UNMOT as well as the guarantor countries. Came to play a role in ending the use of the weapons of the UTO group. UNMOT sent 70 peacekeepers to observe the peace process in Tajikistan. And arrange negotiations between the government and the opposition until it can be arranged The presidential election was held in November 1999, in which President Rakhmon was elected to the second term. After that, in June 2003, a referendum for President Rahmon was able to apply for two more terms (7 years).
After the end of the 2006 session, on 6 November 2006, Tajikistan held an election. president With a total of 5 applicants. The results were as expected: President Rahmon was victorious and ruled for the 14th consecutive year. However, the three major opposition parties, the Islamic Revival Party Democratic Party and the Social Democratic Party, did not submit Apply to compete and declare not accepting the election results by reasoning that This election is not transparent. And the government party limited the rights of other political parties to access all types of media While the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), which sent 170 observers to monitor elections in Tajikistan, said This election has no real signs of competition.