How can I find the answers to the following American government questions about equality and rights?
1. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 - a. resulted in doubled voter registration among black Americans in the South in only five years b. gave eighteen-to twenty-year-olds the right to vote c. was declared unconstitutional in Katzenbach v. McClung or d. served to discourage and depress black voter turnout
2. The disabled rights movement stems from - a. disabled World War I veterans returning home to a country inhospitable to their needs b. disabled World War II veterans returning home to a country inhospitable to their needs c. disabled Vietnam War veterans returning home to a country inhospitable to their needs or d. the disabled rights movement of the 1960s
3. In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the first decision in which the Supreme Court ruled on affirmative action quota programs - a. the majority of the Supreme Court held affirmative action programs to be unconstitutional b. the Court ruled against the use of racial quotas in cases such as law school admissions but held in favor of using race as one of several factors to be considered in making these decisions c. the Court upheld as constitutional strict quota systems in hiring and school admissions or d. the Court ruled the case moot
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I am able to help you with three of these questions. I hope this will get you moving in the right direction.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed to eliminate voting obstacles imposed by southern states. Its intent was to enforce and support the 14th and 15th Amendments which ensured suffrage for African-Americans. The passage of the law had a dramatic impact on African-American election turnout in a positive direction. The 26th Amendment to the Constitution granted suffrage to 18 years olds and does not apply, which precludes this answer. The Katzenbach v. McClung Supreme Court case was a challenge to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, not the Voting Rights Act. While some legislation does have unintended consequences, the Voting Rights Act did not suppress voter turnout in the African American community.
Since the disability rights movement gained the greatest momentum alongside the Civil Rights movement and laws were passed in the early 1970s, this cannot be the correct response for this question. The question asks which of the following does the disabled rights movement stem from, which would imply origin. The disability rights movement was born after World War I as disabled veterans returned home and were marginalized. Important laws were passed in the 1920s to protect disability rights, which would indicate that the movement was born in this era.
In the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke the Court heard the case of a white student that was denied admission to the law school at the University of California. The court did not rule against the notion of affirmative action itself, in fact actually stated a need for it to continue to counteract racial discrimination. The court did in fact rule against the use of racial quotas that stand alone as policy. The Court suggested that race can be used as one factor in the decision to admit, but not as the only factor. In other words, a school can not simply state that it will reserve a set number of seats based on race alone. This also means that strict quota systems were to be considered unconstitutional. Since the Court heard and decided on the case, it was not moot.
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