Flashcards in Digestive System #1 Deck (50):
Another name for GI tract
Accessory Digestive Organs
The physical breakdown of ingested materials.
The breaking down of ingested molecules into smaller molecules by using enzymes.
Two types of movement in Alimentary Canal
Peristalsis and Segmentation
It is the process of muscular contraction that forms ripples along part of the GI tract. It starts in the esophagus.
It is the churning and mixing movements in the small intestine which help dispense the material being digested and combining it with intestinal secretions.
It means dregs.
It is the injecting of food directly into a vein and is very expensive.
It is the space between the cheeks or lips and the gums. This is where a person places chewing tobacco in the mouth.
Vestibule of Oral cavity
It lies central to the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxillae
Oral Cavity Proper
Why are lips more red?
They have an abundant supply of superficial blood vessels and the reduced amount of keratin within their outer skin.
It is the tether that is found medially at the upper and lower lips inside the mouth.
They are friction ridges that are found at the roof of the mouth caused by the hard palate.
Transverse Palatine Folds
It is the tether underneath the tongue
It is an enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose which also contains lysozyme (inhibits bacterial activity).
They are the largest salivary glands. Its duct empties near the second upper molar in the vestibule of oral cavity. When swollen, it is associated with mumps and can lead to problems with the testes. What is it innervated by?
Parotid gland. It is innervated by CN IX: Glossopharangeal
They are found inferior to the mandible. This duct empties to the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum. These are the squirters of gleeking. What are they innervated by?
Submandibular glands. It is innervated by CN VII: Facial
They are inferior to the tongue and empty out into many ducts. Innervation?
Sublingual glands. It is innervated by CN Vii: Facial
They are also called milk teeth or baby teeth.
Number of types of Teeth per quadrant
1 canine (eye teeth)
2 Premolars (bicuspids)
Superior, Middle, and Inferior Pharyngeal constrictors. As these muscles work the epiglottis of the larynx closes over the laryngeal opening. Innervation?
Pharyngeal Muscles. CN X: Vagus nerves innervates most of the pharyngeal muscles.
They are double layered folds of the peritoneum that support and stabilize the intraperitoneal GI tract organs. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are sandwiched between the two layers.
Name the 5 types of Mesenteries
extends inf. like an apron. Covers most abdominal organs
Connects the curvature of stomach to duodenum
Fan-shpaed fold that suspends the small intestine
attaches parts of large intestine to post. abdominal wall.
A type of mesentery that attaches one organ to another or lateral abdominal wall.
Name the Tunics of the GI tract from deep to superficial
Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Adventitia or Serosa
also mucous membrane that has absorptive and secretory functions.
It is dense irregular connective tissue which contains nerve plexuses, large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and mucin-secreting glands.
Contains two layers: inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer. It is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation. The inner circular layer can be thickened and become a Sphincter.
Adventitia or Serosa
Retroperitoneal organs have Adventitia but Intraperitoneal organs have Serosa.
It is the inferior region of the esophagus that connects to the stomach by passing through an opening in the diaphragm. It is involved in Gastroesophageal Reflux
Most absorption of food occurs here.
It can be caused by cigarettes, caffeine, chocolate, tomatoes, and peppermint. The baby in the article had this because the mother drank a root beer that contained caffeine. The baby experienced abnormal breathing in supine position.
acidic chyme refluxes into esophagus, causing burning pain and irritation. most common in smokers, obesity, just eaten large meal, and have hiatal hernias.
portion of stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity
chronic reflux esophagitis lead to a condition where frequent gastric reflux erodes esophageal tissue. scar tissue builds up, narrowing the esophageal lumen.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
the change from one type of cell to another
in advanced cases, of GERD, esophageal epithelium may change from stratified squamous to a simple columnar epithelium. this metaplasia increases the risk of cancerous growths.
chronic, solitary erosion of a portion of the lining of either the stomach or the duodenum
peptic ulcers that occur in the stomach
peptic ulcers in the superior part of the duodenum
ulcer erode the entire organ wall. medical emergency