Prevalence of Dental Caries and Evaluation of Mean DMFT Index among Secondary School Students in Asmara, Eritrea.
Introduction: Dental caries is an irreversible, microbiological infectious disease of the hard structure of the teeth which affects the population worldwide. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and to asses mean DMFT index among secondary school students in the capital city, Asmara.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 330 students (135 Boys and 195 Girls) between January and May 2018 using random sampling method. Students aged 14-17 years were interviewed with a pre-structured questionnaire and clinical examination was conducted in the classroom by the investigators using examination gloves, mouth mirror, and dental explorer near the window direct to natural light.
Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 67.9%. The mean Decayed, Missed and Filled Tooth (DMFT) value for all ages was 2.1. Female children had higher mean DMFT value of 2.50 compared with 1.56 for males (P > 0.05). Majority of the DMFT score was contributed by “DT” component and maximum mean DMFT (3.18) was observed among students that consumed sugary food several times a day. No reliable association was observed between mean DMFT and the frequency of dental visit among the study population.
Conclusion: The study indicated that more than half of the students were having dental caries but the prevalence was within the global range reported by World Health Organization (WHO). These results show the necessity for oral health education and dental caries preventive strategies to be implemented on community-based and school-based programs.