Table of Contents
Subtitle: Doppler Shift and the Dimensionless Ratio z.
Featured image source: planetary4science.blogspot.com
“The applied sciences show the application of theoretic doctrines in existing events… “
Christian Andreas Doppler
Author’s Note: The thorough explanation of Doppler shift which goes into the foundation of absolute science is frankly beyond the scope of this article. So, I will suggest that you get your own copy of The Theory of the Universe so that you can have a thorough understanding of this interesting phenomenon in the universe.
In this article, I want to show you the post-modern explanation of the Doppler shift (or the Doppler effect) of light, and we will be looking at Doppler shift within the conceptual framework of absolute relativity.
According to modern relativity, which really is special relativity, there is a shift in the 4-momentum of light when there is relative motion between the source of the light and an observer.
The above is the simple interpretation of Doppler shift according to special relativity. But is that all? Are there fundamental aspects of light which are necessary to give us a more encompassing understanding of this common effect in the universe? Yes, there are.
I want you to realize that The Theory of the Universe exposes so much to us about the universe, and even about the phenomena we hastily and wrongly conclude that we understand completely, and the Doppler shift is one of such phenomena. The theory of the universe now gives us a new approach to understanding the universe.
What is this new approach? Firstly, it shows us or makes us understand that the conceptual framework of absolute relativity is the conceptual framework upon which the universe was designed, and secondly, it teaches us to always take note of the two kinds of matter whenever we want to describe any phenomenon in the universe.
These two kinds of matter are non-charged ponderable bodies that make up the macro world and which you are and the charged electrical bodies that make up the micro-world of atoms.
Why is it important to take note of the two kinds of matter when describing phenomena in the universe? It is important because light and gravity which are the only two fundamental constituents of matter and the major forces behind every phenomenon in the universe have different essences relative to charged and non-charged bodies.
So, it becomes necessary to understand the Doppler shift of light as it would be perceived by a charged body and by a non-charged body. This is the new angle or content post-modern physics brings into the explanation of Doppler shift.
Now, to non-charged bodies outside the atom, light moves as a wave with constant speed, but to charged bodies inside the atom, light moves as an accelerating wave. So, the interpretation, so far, of Doppler shift to be a shift in the momentum of the speed of light only applies outside the atomic world where light moves with a constant speed.
Inside the atomic world, light accelerates and the Doppler shift applies as a shift in the force of the acceleration of light and not as a shift in the momentum of light. So, let’s now proceed to describe Doppler shift in both the ponderable universe of non-charged bodies and the electrical universe of charged bodies.
Doppler Shift and Non-charged Bodies
As has already been said, for non-charged bodies observing Doppler shift they are observing the shift in the momentum of light which travels at a constant speed in empty space. Now let’s have that the equation (1) below represent the 4-momentum vector of light at frame K at rest.
Then for frame K’ moving with velocity v in the -x direction away from frame K the rest frame of light above, the momentum of light shifts or alters according to the 4-momentum vector below:
In the above , and the soon to be applied factor . You will realize that the inertial factor α is different from the Lorentz factor since it was culled from absolute relativity into this article and not from special relativity.
Taking the first components of the above 4-momentum vector as the shift in momentum p’, then the shift in 4-momentum of the speed of light in frame K’ can be represented as,
Since frame K’ moves away from frame K which can be taken as the stationary light source, the dimensionless ratio z which is equal to the ratio of the time light was emitted to the time interval between light pulses received at point A is red-shifted according to the equation (4),
The redshift of light outside the atom
In the case of redshift above, the frequency of light approaching frame K’ is lesser than the rest frame frequency, since frame K’ in moving away from frame K experiences the ray of light after a period longer than the rest period.
In the case in which frame K moves in the +x direction towards frame K, the approaching light becomes blue-shifted according to the equation below,
The blueshift of light outside the atom
In the case in which frame K’ moves towards frame K, the dimensionless ratio transforms as above, and the observed frequency of light in frame K’ is greater than the rest frame frequency of light.
Well if you understand special relativity, you will realize that the deductions for the shift in the 4-momentum of light in this article are very similar to the one of special relativity. This article only adds the new interpretation that the shift in 4-momentum of the speed of light only applies outside the atom, in the domain of an observer.
Let’s now proceed to describe the Doppler shift as it is observed by electrical bodies.
Doppler Shift and Charged Bodies
To properly understand the Doppler shift as it occurs between electrical bodies, then you first should understand the post-modern theory of electromagnetism. It is all presented in the article below:
The article above will give you a background understanding of the nature of light in the atomic world, and how it truly governs the electrical and magnetic interactions of charged bodies.
Now, in the atomic world, light as an accelerating wave also shifts its quantities from those of its rest frame to those of another frame in motion. The equation (6) below is the force vector of the acceleration of light in its rest frame K.
In another frame, frame K’ accelerating in the -x direction with acceleration a the components of the force vector above shifts as represented below in equation (7),
In the above, , and the soon to be used factor .
Taking the first components of the above force vector as the shift in force F’, then the shift in force of the acceleration of light in frame K’ can be represented as,
In the atomic world, we have two unique cases of dealing with Doppler shift, one is for two repelling electrical or charged bodies, while the second is for two attracting electrical or charged bodies. So, in this article, I want to show you both of them and how they relate to atomic Doppler shift.
Let’s begin with the case of two repelling charged bodies.
Two Repelling Charged Bodies
I have shown you in the article above on electromagnetism (which I suggested that you read) how the acceleration of light and not charge governs the electromagnetic interaction of electrical bodies. I showed you that for two electrical bodies of equal mass m like the two in the diagram below, the acceleration of light ac is the same.
Now, since the acceleration of light ac is related to mass (as well as charge), it is therefore presented below that for either electrical bodies, the accelerating light wave approaches it from the region of the other particle.
The Doppler redshift for two repelling charged bodies
In the above diagram, the unshifted acceleration of light approaching particle A from the other particle B is taken to be coming from its rest frame which is particle B, and the unshifted acceleration of light approaching particle B is taken to be coming from its rest frame which is particle A.
The post-modern theory of electromagnetism informs us that two electrical bodies repel each other or are pushed away from each other in the case where the acceleration of light is equal for the two electrical bodies.
Thus, both particles as shown above are responding to the acceleration of light in a manner in which they are accelerated away from each other in opposite directions. Their respective acceleration is equal and it is represented as a.
The dimensionless ratio relative to particle A becomes,
In the above case, the acceleration of light redshifts as it approaches particle A. The same also applies to particle B which also experiences the same acceleration of light approaching it from the region around particle A, therefore, the dimensionless ratio relative to both particle A and B are equal and can be written thus,
The dimensionless ratio for two repelling electrical bodies like particle A and B above are equal because light possesses the same accelerations relative to both particles. So, post-modern physics reveals to us that the atomic Doppler redshift applies to two repelling electrical bodies.
In this case of charged repulsion, the observed frequency of the acceleration of light in either frame of particle A and B is lesser than the rest frame frequency of the acceleration of light. Light is also a wave relative to electrical bodies.
Two Attracting Charged Bodies
Like for repelling bodies, I have shown you in the article above on electromagnetism (which I suggested that you read) how that for two electrical bodies with unequal masses, where one has the larger mass M and the other has the lesser mass m like the two particles shown in the diagram below, the acceleration of light is not the same.
Now, since the acceleration of light is related to mass (as well as charge), the particle A with greater mass M experience the greater acceleration of light a’c coming from the rest frame of particle B, while particle B with lesser mass m experiences the lesser acceleration of light ac coming from the rest frame of particle A.
The Doppler blueshift for two attracting charged bodies
So, since the post-modern theory of electromagnetism informs us that two electrical bodies attract each other or are pulled towards each other in the case where the acceleration of light is not equal for the two electrical bodies.
In the above diagram, it is shown that particle A carries a greater acceleration a’ towards particle B since it experiences the greater acceleration of light a’c, while particle B carries the lesser acceleration a towards particle A since it experiences the lesser acceleration of light ac.
Both particles are responding to the different accelerations of light in a manner in which they accelerated towards each other in opposite directions as the diagram above shows. Their angles of acceleration with the horizontal are not equal. Particle A makes the angle α with the horizontal, while particle B makes the angle θ with the horizontal.
However, in absolute relativity, the dimensionless ratio is resolved in relation to radial distance, so α and θ are taking to be zero. This is a common mathematical procedure even in special relativity.
What I am showing you is the true principle of electromagnetic interaction which is missing in the physics of other eras. You can know more about this and the universe in The Theory of the Universe.
The dimensionless ratio relative to particle A becomes,
The dimensionless ratio for particle B becomes,
In the above case, the acceleration of light blueshifts as it approaches particle A. The same also applies to particle B which also experiences a different acceleration of light approaching it from the region around particle A, therefore, the dimensionless ratio relative to both particle A and B are not equal and can be written thus,
The dimensionless ratio for two attracting electrical bodies like particle A and B above are not equal because light possesses different accelerations relative to both particles. So, post-modern physics reveals to us that atomic Doppler blueshift applies to two attracting electrical bodies.
In this case of charged attraction, the observed frequency of the acceleration of light in either frame of particle A and B is greater than the rest frame frequency of the acceleration of light. As I have said before, and which cannot be over-emphasized, light is also a wave relative to electrical bodies.
When you have studied and understood properly the post-modern theory of electromagnetism, then you will understand how it underlies this new description of atomic Doppler shift.
Crucial Discussion of Post-modern Doppler Shift
If you look at the description of Doppler shift for both charged and non-charged bodies you will realize that I explained light as a wave whether it speeds or accelerates. You are familiar with the wave theory of light which describes light as a wave moving at constant speed.
You only perceive light as a wave moving at a constant speed because you are a non-charged body, and because of this, you describe the Doppler shift in a limited way which is as it applies to non-charged bodies.
However, when an electron ‘observes’ the Doppler shift, it observes a different kind of Doppler shift. To an electron, light accelerates, and for this reason, its description of Doppler shift differs from that of a non-charged observer.
Listen, science is so real. Just imagine yourself holding an electron in your right hand while you observe Doppler shift. Modern physics would want you to assume that your observation of Doppler shift as the shift in the momentum of the speed of light applies also to the electron. No, it doesn’t.
To the electron what is shifting is the force of the acceleration of light. This is the reality of the Doppler shift inside the atom and for all charged bodies. This insight is crucial as it further assures you of man’s ability to comprehend the cosmos.
So, whenever you are observing on Earth the shift in the momentum of lights coming from distant galaxies, I also want you to realize that to the electrical aspect of the Earth, the lights coming from distant galaxies are experiencing a shift in force and not momentum.
What this article is showing you is how Absolute Relativity describes the universe, both the atomic and non-atomic worlds. We no longer need two theories to describe the universe. The master theory is now available.
In modern physics, special relativity is taken to apply the same for both charged and non-charged bodies. It is not shown, as have been done in this article, how the principles of relativity transform between charged and non-charged bodies.
This is not just a critical flaw in special relativity, it was also the major cause for the absence of the unified description of the universe. However, we have gone past that, we now have one theory to describe all things.
Post-modern physics captures within the conceptual framework of absolute relativity the true description of all phenomena in the universe as they would occur both inside and outside the atomic world.
This article has just given you the true description of Doppler shift for both charged and non-charged bodies. For non-charged bodies, the Doppler shift produces the shift in the 4-momentum of the speed of light, while for charged bodies, the Doppler shift produces the shift in the force of the acceleration of light.
I want you to have this new scientific knowledge that takes you beyond the boundaries of modern physics into the new domain of post-modern physics. My friend, understanding has come!
– M. V. Echa