Various methods for purification of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids storage and bio-banks organization. DNA analysis by electrophoresis and spectrophotometry: quantity and quality of nucleic acids. Key enzymes used in molecular biology: restriction enzymes and construction of restriction maps. Hybridization techniques: RFLP analysis by Southern blotting and expression analysis by Northern blot. PCR technique, its applications and issues: choice of primers; analysis of the results. Diagnostic applications: multiplex PCR; Reverse Dot Blot and Dot Blot (allele-specific oligonucleotides); Microsatellites analysis. Examples of applications: mutation screening, linkage analysis and / or search for disease genes. Real time PCR: basic method; fluorescence detectors: Taq Man, Syber green; RT-PCR parameters; quantitative experiments. Gene expression profiles and dosage. Microarrays: types (spotting technology and in situ), construction techniques, examples for expression analysis and detection of polymorphisms. Methods and data analysis of biallelic polymorphisms and expression profiles. Applications and examples of studies. DNA Sequencing Sanger method: troubleshooting in the use of automated sequencers. Next generation sequencing (NGS): pyrosequencing method; "sequential synthesis" method. NGS data software analysis. Overview of applications and results of NGS (DNA-sequencing, RNA sequencing, exome-sequencing and other applications).