Adolfo Suárez González, in full Adolfo Suárez González, 1st duke of Suárez, grandee of Spain, (born September 25, 1932, Cebreros, near Ávila, Spain—died March 23, 2014, Madrid), Spanish politician who, as prime minister of Spain (1976–81), worked closely with King Juan Carlos to dismantle the authoritarian regime (1939–75) that Francisco Franco had controlled and to transform Spain into a multiparty constitutional monarchy.
Suárez’s father was a minor civil servant, and his mother belonged to a politically influential Cebreros family. At the age of 16 he entered the University of Salamanca, and at age 21 he received a degree in law. He later obtained a doctorate cum laude from the University of Madrid. He held various small posts in the provinces, most of them within Franco’s National Movement. He later worked with the national radio and television network and became responsible for the first television channel. After serving as civil governor and provincial head of the National Movement in Segovia during 1968–69, he moved back to radio and television as director general. Government censorship laws were relaxed during his tenure.
In March 1975 he was appointed deputy secretary-general of the National Movement and in December, after Franco’s death, he was appointed secretary-general, with cabinet rank, by Prime Minister Carlos Arias Navarro. Also in 1975 he was a founding member of the Union of the Spanish People, a mildly reformist political association within the National Movement, of which he later became president. In June 1976 he strongly defended in the Cortes (parliament) the new law legalizing political parties.
In July 1976 his appointment to head Spain’s second government under King Juan Carlos provoked mixed reactions. Although he was more liberal than the old Francoists, Suárez’s position in Franco’s National Movement guaranteed at least a measure of loyalty to the Francoist past. In addition, Suárez had links to the powerful Roman Catholic lay organization Opus Dei. Upon gaining office, however, Suárez showed moderation in his policies. He opened political dialogue, challenging Francoist sentiment in the military by legalizing the socialist and communist parties, and he called Spain’s first free elections since 1936.
Suárez formed a political party consisting of social democrats and liberals, the Union of the Democratic Centre (Unión de Centro Democrático, or UCD). His party won the elections in 1977, and Suárez was elected to a four-year term. His government was increasingly plagued, however, by the push for autonomy by several of Spain’s regions and, toward the same end, by heightened terrorist activity on the part of the Basque separatist group ETA. Already in 1978 there was strain within Suárez’s own party and increasing popular competition from the opposition Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party. In elections in 1979 the UCD failed to win an overall majority in the Cortes, but Suárez retained sufficient parliamentary support to remain in power. He was compelled to form a fifth cabinet in September 1980 and gained another vote of confidence only by promising members of the Andalusian Socialist Party a fully autonomous regional government, which added to the government’s loss of popularity nationwide. In addition, Basque terrorism was on the rise; in 1980 there was an average of one political assassination every three days.
Suárez resigned as prime minister in 1981. Later that year King Juan Carlos awarded him the hereditary titles duke of Suárez and grandee of Spain. In 1982 Suárez founded a new political party, the Democratic and Social Centre, but it never achieved any significance. He made his last public appearance in 2003, before being diagnosed with Alzheimer disease.