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Autism is a developmental disability that affects the way people communicate (verbal, nonverbal), behave (repetitive actions, fixations, sensitivity) and interact (social skills) with others. Nearly 40% of children are unable to use verbal language and between 25 - 30% develop some language skills during infancy but later lose them. Early intervention can often improve communication skills.
Affecting nearly 800,000 Americans a year, stroke is a medical condition caused by an interruption of blood flow to a region of the brain causing brain damage. Stroke can affect your ability to think/comprehend, speak and swallow. Speech Pathologists often treat individuals with stroke to address Aphasia, Anomia or Word Finding Deficits, Verbal Apraxia, Dysarthria and Dysphagia.
If the Vocal Cords are not vibrating normally abnormal pitch, vocal loudness and/or quality of sound (hoarse, harsh, strained) produced by the larynx can affect speech production. Some known factors that can cause voice disorders include vocal cord paralysis/paresis and bowing, polyps/cysts and nodules, trauma, vocal abuse.
Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing foods/liquids. Associated symptoms may include difficulty coordinating suck-swallow-breathe (infants), drooling, difficulty chewing, pocketing foods/liquids in mouth, difficulty safely transporting food from mouth to stomach, cough/choke when swallowing (aspiration). Dysphagia can lead to weight loss, malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia.
Impairment in the ability to comprehend, receive/process and apply language and speech to engage in meaningful connected discourse effectively with others. Types of Communications Disorders include Language Disorders (Receptive and Expressive), Speech Sound Disorders, Fluency Disorders (stuttering), Social Communication Disorders (Pragmatic Language) and Auditory Processing Disorders.
A neurodegenerative disorder/disease of the brain which leads to progressive deterioration of motor function. Secondary characteristics associated with Parkinson's disease include memory loss, confusion, difficulty swallowing or Dysphagia and speech changes that affect communication (monotone speech, reduced vocal loudness, hoarseness, Diplophonia, etc) can be treated by the Speech Pathologist.