Often in the garden plots there is a bulbous plant - a hyacinth, a “flower of rain”. Culture loves moisture: with the first spring rains, the plant blooms, and blue, red, white flowers appear. When you take care at home, there may be some difficulties. Their help will help time-tested tips.
What is a hyacinth
Hyacinth belongs to the asparagus family. His homeland is the Mediterranean. There are tall, undersized specimens: height 20-60 cm. Peduncles appear from smooth fleshy leaves (5-8 pieces on one stem). In the spring, many small flowers appear that look like bells: they can be simple or terry. Racemes inflorescences of different shades: purple, pale pink, heavenly, fuchsia, cream, peach, dark purple, bright yellow and other colors. Common cultivars suitable for home care:
- "Transcaspian" or Hyacinthus transcaspicus,
- "Argentina Arendsen",
- Anna Marie,
- Grand Blanche,
- La victoire
- Prince Arthur.
Preparation of bulbs for planting
For distillation at home, choose whole, dense onions, without damage, with a diameter of 5 cm. Keep in mind that when planting smaller specimens, flowering will not occur or will be scarce. Before planting, distilling, disinfect the seed: use a solution of 2 liters of water and potassium permanganate or potassium permanganate (at the tip of the knife). After soaking the specimens for half an hour, they must be dried for 2 days at a temperature of 20 degrees.
Take seriously the preparation of planting material. For bulbs dug out of the garden, special events are held:
- Remove specimens from land in summer (end of June - beginning of July). Clean from the ground, store for 2 weeks where it is dark, at an air temperature of +30 degrees.
- After another 14 days, keep the seed at a temperature of +25 degrees.
- Afterwards store seed at +17 degrees.
One of the main features of the plant is that the time of its flowering can be adjusted to a specific date: for many people, the culture is dissolved on March 8, an anniversary or another holiday. Keep in mind that it takes about 3 months from the time the bulbs are planted until flowering. Distillation culture at home can be:
- early - landing in October, flowering on New Year or Christmas,
- medium - planting in November, the flowering period - the end of January - the beginning of February,
- later, if the landing - December - the beginning of January, the appearance of flower stalks - March-April.
Often the distillation is done using water. Capacity is carefully selected: narrow cups will do. The bulbs should not sink, touch the roots with the bottom of the dish. For distillation, use rainwater or filtered water. Place the bulbs in opaque cups, place where it is dark and cool. Home care for the seed implies control of the fluid level: add water if needed. After the roots appear, pour in some nutrient composition: “Kornevin” will do..
How to plant a hyacinth at home in a pot
Select the time of landing in pots individually: October, November, December, January. Keep in mind that plants with proper care at home will bloom in 3 months. Landing is carried out as follows:
- Choose a pot with holes, create a drainage layer (use expanded clay, stones, crushed bricks), fill in the ground, sand, plant a bulb.
- If there are several copies in one pot, then the distance between them should be 2-3 cm: plant the bulbs so that they do not touch the walls of the container.
- Planting material is pressed a little into the ground, powdered with soil. From above create a layer from sand - it will exclude probability of rotting. The tops of hyacinths should be nezasypan.
- Keep the pot for about 1 month where it is dark and cool: a basement, a cellar, a garage with an air temperature not lower than 5 degrees will be suitable for placing containers. Care at home when rooting involves periodic watering: do not allow the soil to dry out in a pot.
- When the roots appear, the first shoots, transfer the container to the light, the air temperature should be about 15 degrees. The first week after the cold period, keep the hyacinth pots under the paper cap.
How to grow
Beautiful and bright flowers are obtained not at all flower growers. When caring for potted flowers at home, it is important to adhere to the following guidelines:
- Watering is carried out so that water does not fall on the leaves and peduncles: it is desirable to pour water or fertilizer into the pan or use a watering can with a thin spout.
- Caring for a hyacinth in a pot at home involves the use of soft water at room temperature: warm rain or melt will do.
- Spraying is prohibited.
- When leaving, when the flowering period is over, turn the culture pot around its axis by 40 degrees. The plant will evenly dissolve the leaves, the formation of full flower stalks. If you ignore this recommendation, the brush culture will turn one-sided.
- If you have a too high instance or when it develops in a pot, use only supports on one side only.
- Tying a hyacinth at home is prohibited, because it prevents the access of nutrients.
The flowering period at home care is relatively short: from 1 to 4 weeks. Keep in mind that potted plants may not bloom for a long time. As a rule, this is due to improper care: high air temperature, lack of moisture or its excess, poor lighting. If we exclude these moments, the culture at home care will delight the owners with its magnificence.
Bulbous plants require a special approach when growing. Care for hyacinths at home should be subject to the following points:
- Carefully choose the soil for the pot: suitable rotted organic material from two parts of clean sand, one part of humus, peat and the same amount of compost. High acidity of the soil for culture is destructive. Heat the prepared substrate in the oven at 110 degrees: this is how the mixture is disinfected.
- The soil in the pot should always be wet, especially at the stages of flowering, vigorous growth, wintering. Consider that water stagnation should not be, otherwise it will lead to rotting of the roots, the development of fungus. You will avoid these problems if after each watering (after 5-10 minutes) you pour the liquid out of the pot tray.
- When caring at home, watch the lighting: keep the flowers in the light, but do not place the pots in direct sunlight. When it is cloudy, use sources of artificial lighting - fluorescent lamps.
- The ideal temperature for culture is + 20-22 degrees. Do not place flowerpots near heating devices where drafts prevail.
- Fertilizers in the care of hyacinth at home are made every 14 days. Buy ready-made nutritional complexes for bulbs and use them according to the established instructions: after the sprouts appear, ammonium nitrate is used (30 g per 1 sq. M), ammonium nitrate (20 g per 1 sq. M), “Superphosphate” (40 g per 1 sq. m), potassium chloride (30 g per 1 sq. m), after flowering - “Superphosphate” (40 g per 1 sq. m), potassium chloride or potassium magnesia (40 g per 1 sq. m).
- Spray the ground thoroughly before feeding.
Few people know what needs to be done so that the hyacinth after flowering at home is well preserved. Experienced growers recommend doing the following:
- Plants are gradually dried: the pot is placed where it is dark, watering is reduced. Next, hyacinths are taken from the ground, they are disinfected, as before planting, and then removed for storage. Keep in mind that this method is very risky, because there is a chance of complete drying of the roots. In some flower growers, after such a “test”, the plants bloom a year later.
- If you want to preserve hyacinths, then use the following method: cut off the flowering peduncle, transfer the flower from a small container to a large, spacious one. Before transferring to the bottom of the new pot lay out the drainage of expanded clay, pour garden soil (connect the peat with sand), stick the bulb so that it is covered with earth to the neck.
For storage, hyacinths are removed from pots in the presence of yellowed foliage. Before you get a specimen, cut the arrows: if there is greenery, then after the flowers there are fruits that will stretch the strength of the plant. Hyacinths are dried where dark, low humidity, air temperature is 19 degrees. If the bulbs are small, then to reinforce them, perform the indicated procedure (cutting the arrows, removing the specimens from the ground, drying them) before flowering. With this approach, the culture will subsequently delight you with abundant flowering.
Often, when caring for beautiful plants at home, you need to increase their number. Gardeners propagate hyacinths in the following ways:
- by cutting the bottom
- using dissection bulbs.
If you are growing hyacinths at home, then the method of reproduction will be suitable for children. In one bulb, 2-4 processes are formed in a year: it is possible to stimulate the formation of children with the help of cross-cutting of the mother bulb. The shoots are carefully separated, planted. If the children are still badly detached, the onion is not touched: after the next flowering, the hyacinth comes out of the ground, the developed processes are separated. Seated in separate pots kids grow very quickly, the first budding occurs after 2-3 years.
Hyacinth is a perennial onion herb of the Asparagaceae family. The plant consists of a dense flat-rounded bulb, the scales of which in the upper part pass into narrow leaves. From the center of it grows a flower stem with an inflorescence in the form of a brush with small fragrant flowers of various shades from snow-white to blue-black. After flowering, fruit forms in the form of a box containing seeds.
In nature, hyacinth reproduces both generatively - by seeds, and vegetatively, with the help of babies, which appear around the tip of the bulb. Under natural conditions, hyacinths grow in the countries of Southern Europe and Asia Minor. Several centuries ago, its fragrant inflorescences of bright and delicate colors were noticed by European breeders.
Important! The most intense smell of varieties with white and light flowers.
To date, more than five hundred varieties of hyacinths have been bred. The homeland of most of them is Holland, whose mild climate and light moist soils are the best suited for breeding this fastidious "rain flower". For successful cultivation, you just need to recreate the usual conditions and take into account the natural cycle, when the period of rest precedes the flowering time.
Preparation of bulbs for planting
Two weeks after the end of irrigation, the onion is dug out, cleaned from the ground, inspected and dried. When dark or rotten places are found on the bulb, they are cleaned with a sharp, disinfected knife into healthy tissue and sprinkled with pounded charcoal.
For more information about hyacinth diseases in indoor conditions can be found in the relevant article.
Then the dug bulbs are dried for a week in a shaded ventilated place at a temperature not lower than +20 ° C. After drying, the children are separated from the bulbs with their own roots and the dead scales are removed. Then the bulb must go through a period of rest. In hyacinths, it lasts about three months with changing conditions. The first two months of planting material is maintained at a temperature of 25–27 ° C, and in the following month it is reduced to + 16–18 ° C.
Important! Before planting, the bulbs are cooled for several days at a temperature of about +5 ° C. Such conditions will form a flower bud for flowering next year.
All varieties of hyacinths are planted when the bulb has passed the period of rest and gained strength to bloom. Early varieties of hyacinths are planted in mid-autumn, then the buds will appear by the new year, medium varieties when planted in late October will delight with flowers by March 8, and later ones will bloom by April if they plant a bulb in early November.
Hyacinths bloom for 15–20 days, its duration is affected by lightness and temperature. To increase the flowering time, plants need diffused light and coolness. The best conditions for them are the eastern or western window-sills and the temperature is between 16–18 ° C.
We plant a hyacinth in a pot correctly
The diameter of the tank for planting is selected depending on the size of the bulbs and their number. Onions should not touch its walls and each other. The height of the pot should be at least 15 centimeters.
Drainage is laid on the bottom without fail - a layer of fine expanded clay, crushed stone with large river sand. Also suitable shards from broken ceramic pots and pieces of red brick. The pot material does not matter much, but thick-walled clay products will be preferable anyway. They are able to hold and then give up some of the moisture does not overheat in the sun.
Land for hyacinth should be light, but nutritious. The substrate is prepared by mixing 2 parts of leafy or sod land, 1 part of mature compost and half of the sand. A layer of soil is poured on the drainage so that the bulb peeps out of it by about a third. Onions are placed in a pot so that they do not come into contact with anything and slightly thicken the soil.
For the prevention of fungal diseases before planting, the bulbs are kept for 10–15 minutes in a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The finished soil mixture is heated in an oven at 60 ° C for about half an hour, cooled and shed with a solution of one of the biological products - “Baikal 1M”, “Shine”, “Fitosporin”.
Important! For successful flowering choose large dense bulbs with a diameter of at least 5 cm, with no signs of damage.
Children separated from the mother tuber are planted separately, leaving a little more distance between them - 2–3 cm. The strongest of them can release the flower arrow next year.
Planting hyacinth seeds - an easy way to bring a new variety
The easiest way to propagate the hyacinth with individual children or leaf cutting. Planting seeds will allow you to experiment with varieties, but this is a long process, and a new plant will bloom only in 5-6 years.
The soil for planting hyacinths with seeds is the same as for planting bulbs, but the substrate is carefully crushed to avoid large lumps. The seedlings are rather weak and grow slowly. Drainage is laid on the bottom of the box, soil is poured, grooves are made in it and seeds are laid out, deepening them by 1.5–2 cm. They are sown in boxes rather thickly - about 160-200 pieces per square meter. Moisturize the earth, trying not to blur, and cover from drying out.
Important! In order for the seeds to slip, they need to undergo vernalization. In the open ground, it passes naturally when sowing seeds in the fall, and in a pot culture, the grower will have to create such conditions artificially.
This can be done in two ways - putting the landing box in the snow or on the top shelf of the refrigerator. The process of vernalization takes at least three months. Then the seed box is transferred to heat.
In spring appear shoots. They take root slowly, so all care is carried out very carefully. It consists in the following:
- regular watering with small doses of settled melt or rainwater,
- loosening the top layer of the earth,
- providing bright light, but not direct sunlight,
- protection against mechanical damage.
Every two weeks the seedlings are fed with a complex mineral fertilizer for bulbous plants. The grown seedlings, if necessary, are cut, cutting off the weakest and excessively thickening specimens with small sharp scissors.
A year later, the seedlings of hyacinths are seated in separate containers.
Secrets of Hydroponics for Hyacinth
This method is simple and allows you to decorate the boring winter window sills not only with bright buds, but also with beautiful vases. Suitable containers for forcing hyacinths in water can be purchased in specialized stores. The middle part of such vases is very narrowed.
Tip! Choose transparent containers so that the water level and its purity are clearly visible. After flowering vases are used for forcing an onion on a feather. Instead of special containers, cut plastic containers of a suitable size will do.
To get a blooming hyacinth in water, you need a large, dense bulb that has passed the rest period. It is placed in the bottom of the broad upper part, and in the lower poured cooled boiled water. The liquid should reach the bottom, but not touch it, so as not to cause decay. Vase with bulbs before the roots are put in a dark, cool place.It is necessary to constantly monitor the water level in the tank and its purity, and do not forget to top up to the desired level.
After the appearance of the roots of the bulbs rearranged on the windowsill and cover the caps of white paper. After some time, shoots will sprout across the top of the bulbs. When they reach a height of 5-6 cm, remove the caps. Hyacinths bloom on average three months after the beginning of the formation of roots.
For the growth and appearance of bud in water hyacinths need nutrients. Fertilizers for hydroponic systems are sold at seed shops. Exceeding the recommended dosage is not recommended. This will not lead to a more lush and prolonged flowering, but may cause the bulb to rot.
During the year, indoor hyacinth needs pruning. It is carried out in the following cases:
- after flowering, faded peduncle is cut,
- before digging the onions, prune the dried leaves,
- at the beginning of flowering babies cut a flower bud.
The last procedure is advised to conduct recognized masters in the cultivation of hyacinths - Dutch breeders. This is done so that the flowering does not take power from the growing bulb. If you do not cut a young stem of a peduncle, it will grow much slower and produce a weak stem with a small number of flowers.
Water flower correctly
Hyacinth refers to moisture-loving colors, but the irrigation rates during the year at home vary greatly. Before flowering and during his plant watered plentifully. Hyacinth prefers soft settled water, thawed or rain. If you can not find it, you should use a plumbing or well, passed through a filter for hard water.
Important! In order to avoid rotting the bulbs, water the plant through a pan or in the edge of the pot.
You need to make sure that the soil in the pot is not sour. This happens in cases where excessive watering is combined with too dense soil. In the soured soil the roots of the plant will begin to rot quickly. To prevent decay, the bulb is removed from the pot, freed from excess ground, making sure that it does not dry out.
The pot and drainage is washed, disinfected and refilled. In the soil mixture add more component, which contributes to good air permeability. For these purposes, suitable large river sand, vermiculite, coconut substrate.
After flowering, the amount of watering is reduced, and after two weeks they stop completely. Renew them only after planting the bulbs in the fall. Before the appearance of the leaves, watered hyacinth very moderately. After the plant releases the peduncle, the rate of watering is increased, keeping the ground in a constantly wet state.
Feed for lush flowering
The main volume in a pot with hyacinth is occupied by the onion and drainage. On the ground there is very little space. Nutrients from it are consumed very quickly, so the hyacinth during the growing season needs regular feeding. For fertilizer use complex mineral fertilizer for bulbous flowers.
In the initial period, when the leaves of the hyacinth grow vigorously, enough nitrogen should be present in the top dressings so that the plant has enough green mass to bloom. Then the amount of nitrogen is reduced to a minimum, and the rate of phosphorus and potassium is increased. From micronutrients blooming hyacinth should receive the required amount of boron. When the flower begins to wither, stop feeding.
Rules for planting hyacinth and growing it at home are simple. It is only necessary to firmly remember the differences in the care of a flower at different periods of its life and to ensure maximum rest in summer and the necessary conditions during growth. And then your hyacinth will delight you with a lush, bright hat of flowers, filling the room with a delicate aroma.
If you still have questions on how to care for a hyacinth in a pot, how often to water and trim it, watch the video:
The author: Natalia Goncharova
Potted hyacinth: what capacity is needed for hyacinth?
One of the most important conditions for planting and growing hyacinths at home is the right choice of pot. Hyacinth is a bulbous plant, and it urgently needs a container with high-quality drainage. Therefore, you need to choose a wide and deep enough pot - so that the onion and root system have enough space. When planting two or more bulbs in one pot at the same time, it is necessary to respect the space of about 2-3 centimeters between them.
When choosing a container for planting, you need to remember that clay and ceramic pots have a high porosity, so the earth lump in them is cooled more than in plastic containers. When placing sprouted hyacinths in a clay or ceramic dish in a cool place, you need to more carefully monitor the temperature level and avoid strong overcooling of the earthy clod.
Hyacinth requires nutrient soil with a high content of humus or compost. The pot is filled with soil to the top edge. At the bottom, a drainage layer made of rubble, gravel, expanded clay, sand or moss is laid out. Also in the bottom of the pot should be holes for draining excess water.
It is interesting to know that it is possible to grow hyacinths at home using the hydroponics method - that is, without planting into the soil. To do this, the hyacinth bulb is placed in a glass vessel with water in such a way that the bottom of the bulb is barely in contact with water. The vessel should be with a narrow neck, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the bulb, it is best if it will have an hourglass shape. With this method of cultivation, it is important not to allow excessive contact with water and rotting of the hyacinth bulb. It is desirable to add special dressings to water.
How to put a hyacinth in the pot?
Before planting a hyacinth in the pot, you need to determine the estimated date of the onset of flowering. From this day, 3-4 weeks are counted back, which are necessary for the growth and development of the aerial part of the plant, then the cooling time of the bulb is added to this time. (2.5 - 3 months for early varieties, 4-4.5 for late ones).
Before planting for half an hour, the bulbs are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or a special “Kom” preparation for disinfection. This is necessary for the death of pathogenic microorganisms and the strengthening of plant immunity.
Hyacinth bulbs are planted shallowly - it should remain above the surface of the pot about 2/3. After planting, hyacinth bulbs should be placed in a cool place with a temperature not higher than 8-10 ° C. Earthen clod in a pot should be moistened periodically, preventing full drying.
When the hyacinth sprout reaches 4-5 centimeters in height, the pot is placed in a warmer place with a temperature of up to 12 ° C - this is necessary to imitate the natural growing conditions and correct development of the peduncle. For a permanent place of flowering - on a window or a loggia - a sprout is placed when an unopened inflorescence appears among the leaves.
During this period, the hyacinth needs uniform illumination; therefore, every 2-3 days the peduncle is turned to the light source by different sides. If this is not done, the flower will develop incorrectly and fall to one side. If there is a shortage of natural light during the period of ripening of the peduncle for its full development it is necessary to use artificial lighting. With an excess of light, the flower should be pritenyat.
During the development of the peduncle, hyacinth can be fertilized using various mineral supplements for flowering plants in accordance with the recommended dosages.
Often, even with maximum observance of all the rules and recommendations, the peduncle of a hyacinth, expressed at home, leans to one side - in this case, you can use props. Tie up the flower is not worth it, because it can damage the peduncle.
How to water the hyacinths in pots?
Hyacinth loves wet soil, but it should not be allowed to overflow, which leads to rotting of the bulb. For watering hyacinths, it is best to use a watering can with a long thin spout - this allows you to control the irrigation process and prevent water from getting on the bulb or its scales. For irrigation, use separated, rain or melt water at room temperature.
How often to water a hyacinth in a pot depends on the speed with which the earthen room dries - here it is necessary to follow the rule that the earth in a pot with a hyacinth should always be slightly damp. Drying of the earthy coma negatively affects the development of the peduncle: it can become too thin and with an insufficient number of flowers.
How long does a hyacinth live in a pot?
When growing hyacinths in a pot, the question often arises whether this plant is a perennial or annual. Despite the fact that hyacinth, like most bulbous plants, is a perennial, it can be grown only once in a pot. This is explained by the fact that during distillation the plant spends a large supply of nutrients and needs a long rest.
Therefore, after the hyacinth ottsvevel in a pot, the bulb must be dug and transplanted into open ground. As a rule, used for forcing the bulbs under natural conditions give flowering for the next year.
Characteristic appearance of the flower
Hyacinth has a dense stem up to 30 cm with long and bright green leaves, at the base of which is a large bulb. It consists of fleshy and thick leaves, of which the plant receives the necessary nutrition that promotes rapid growth and abundant flowering. After the flower blooms, the stem and leaves begin to dry out. During this period, a bud appears inside the bulb, which begins to grow, turning into a new bulb.
The flowers of a hyacinth of a small size, in their form are somewhat reminiscent of bells and are arranged on the stem in the form of a large cluster. Inflorescences have a very different shade, depending on the type of plant: purple, hot pink, blue, white, red, yellow. The ripened fruits are a small box with three compartments, each of them contains thin-shelled seeds.
Hyacinth is quite possible to plant in the garden plot, but since it is rather unpretentious to care, many gardeners prefer to grow it in a pot, preferring home conditions. And it is quite understandable.because during the cold season the flowering plant with a gentle and pleasant aroma creates a unique atmosphere of warmth and comfort in the house.
Known species and varieties
The following hyacinths are considered the most popular in breeding and cultivation:
- Oriental. A very common form, includes many varieties with flowers of various shades. In nature, it can be found in Greece and Asia Minor. The plant belongs to the perennial, inflorescences are located in the form of an elongated oval, with many small flowers, different in color and have a pleasant smell. Reproduction occurs with the help of bulbs that have the same color as the flower stalks. The most popular varieties of Eastern hyacinth are usually divided by the shade of the inflorescences; these are: saturated blue, black, light pink, dark red, yellow, white, purple, orange.
- Litvinova. Herbaceous perennial, but most often it is grown as an annual plant. In nature, prefers to grow in Turkmenistan and Iran. Among the representatives of this species one can meet both high plants and low ones. The stem is straight and strong, the leaves are long, bright green. The flowers of this hyacinth are very beautiful, dominated by emerald green, lilac and pale blue colors.
- Transcaspian. This flower has a tall stem with two inflorescences. The flowers have a light purple hue, the leaves are elongated with a narrow tip, green. In the wild, Transcaspian hyacinth usually grows in mountainous areas.
Basic rules for planting hyacinth
In order for the flower to grow full and beautiful, during its planting and subsequent cultivation in a pot, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules:
- First you need to select the bulbs. They must be solid, without visible damage and have a diameter of at least 5–6 cm, since it is easier to grow a healthy plant from coarse material for planting. After that, it is necessary to treat the bulbs with a disinfectant.
- Need to pick a pot. There is no need to choose a deep one, as long as there are drainage holes in the pot and it fits the width of the bulb.
- Soil can be purchased at a flower shop or cook at home. To do this, take equal parts of compost, leafy ground, turf and mix them together, and then add a little peat and river sand.
- Once every 2–3 years old, the bulbs must be planted in open ground in order for them to recover and gain strength.
- During the flowering period, the plant should be in a well-lit room, without drafts, with an air temperature of about 20 degrees.
To plant a hyacinthfirst you need to pour a drainage layer on the bottom of the pot - suitable for expanded clay or small pebbles. Then place a layer of prepared soil in the container and pour a thin layer of sand on top.
Now it is necessary to plant the bulb so that its upper part is on top of the soil. If the pot is quite roomy, several flowers can be planted in it at once, taking into account that there is about 2–3 cm of free space between them. After that, it is necessary to gently press the bulbs into the soil and cover them with the remaining earth. Above it is recommended to pour some sand, which will protect the plants from rotting.. Worth not forgetthat the bulbs cannot be completely buried in the ground, the tops must remain open.
After planting, hyacinths in pots should be placed for 1-2 months in a cool and dark room with an air temperature of 5 to 10 degrees. In such conditions, the bulbs to take root faster and begin to develop. During this period, you must not forget to moisten the soil in a timely manner and to prevent the soil from drying out.
After this time, the flowers must be moved to a warm and bright room. During the flowering plants need to put it away from batteries and drafts and provide competent and comprehensive care.
Care for the flower at home
In order for a hyacinth to please you with its blooming appearance as long as possible, you should not forget that this flower belongs to garden plants and therefore, if you want to grow it in a pot at home, you need to create conditions as close to natural.
When caring for a plant, consider the following:
- Lighting. The flower is very fond of light, so the hyacinth in the pot is best put on the southeast window. Periodically it is necessary to turn the plant with different sides to the source of lighting, this will contribute to its uniform growth. The direct rays of the sun are harmful to the flower, so you need to ensure that they do not fall on it. In winter, the hyacinth will need additional lighting, as if there is a lack of lighting, it can stop flowering and lose foliage.
- Humidity and watering. Water the flower should be regularly and constantly ensure that the soil remains wet and not dry. During watering, it is necessary to act fairly carefully so that water does not fall on the leaves or flowers of the plant, because this can cause a disease like a fungus. Stagnant water can also be very detrimental to hyacinth. Spraying the plant is contraindicated, especially during flowering.
- Fertilization. Hyacinth should definitely be periodically fed, about two times a month. Any fertilizer designed for indoor plants will do.
"Distillation" of hyacinths at home
The process by which the flower bulbs are deliberately removed from dormancy in order to achieve flowering of the plant by a certain period is called “forcing.” You can use this opportunity only once, after the flowering stops, the bulb must be planted on the garden plot so that it can rest for a few years and recuperate.
To make the hyacinth blossom, you need to put the pot in a cold place with an air temperature of 5–8 degrees. After that, the flower must be covered with an opaque package with small holes for ventilation. In this state, the plant should be 2-3 months. Sometimes it needs to be watered and made sure that the ground does not dry out. When small shoots appear, the hyacinth should be placed in a room where there is no moisture and drafts with a temperature of about 10-15 degrees. After 30 days, when the plant will have the first buds, the pot should be moved to a regular and warm room with good lighting.
Hyacinth care after flowering
When the plant is flowering, it is necessary to cut off all the inflorescences, continue to water and fertilize the soil until all the leaves have completely wilted. At this time there will be a recovery of the bulb and in the future it will form additional buds.
Then you need to remove the bulb from the ground, clean the dried leaves and dry well for several days. If "kids" were formed, it is recommended to separate them. The bulbs should be stored in a cold place., and in the fall to land in open ground.
Чтобы получить посадочный материал, который можно выращивать в домашних условиях, гиацинту не надо давать цвести. Появляющиеся бутоны надо удалять, чтобы луковица не расходовала на них свои силы и питательные вещества. Затем, с наступлением осени её необходимо достать из почвы, просушить и посадить в горшок.
Почему гиацинты выращивают в горшках
Flowers are grown in pots and in the open field
Hyacinth is a perennial bulbous flower that quickly responds to the creation of favorable conditions for lush flowering. After which the bulb needs rest, which is otherwise called the "state of rest." During this period, plant organs begin to form in it, which will delight with its beauty for the next season. These are natural processes for all bulbous, and hyacinth is no exception.
But at home you can change the natural rhythms of the plant and get beautiful flowers by the desired date. This process is forced and is called “forcing”. There are two possible options: in water and soil.
Depending on the time of cultivation, there are three types of forcing:
- early (by the end of December)
- mid-early (getting flowers in the middle of winter),
- late (flowering in early spring).
Important! The bulb can gain strength for further flowering only in natural conditions. To do this, it is transplanted into the ground. Before the onset of frost, they dig it up and transfer it to the house. After which it can be used again for germination by a certain period.
When selling blooming hyacinths, a label with the text is often attached to the pot: throw out the bulb after flowering. In this way, sellers are informed that they will not receive a second flower in a pot. To do this, you must do in accordance with the above proposed article: transplant the bulb into the soil on the street.
Residents of cities are often deprived of this opportunity and do not know how to properly grow hyacinths. The bulb can not be thrown away, but planted on the local territory, cottage or on any bed of flowers you like. It is likely that by the end of autumn she will give 1-2 kids.
Correct forcing flowers
The choice of quality planting material is very important for successful flowering.
The success of forcing hyacinths largely depends on the plant variety and how well the onion is selected. There are a number of requirements for planting material.
The onion rooting period is 6–10 weeks depending on the variety and quality of the seed. If they want to grow flowers by a certain time, they are guided by the terms approved by practice:
- flowers for the beginning of the new year and Christmas - planting in the first half of September,
- by March 8 - at the end of October.
Any small containers are suitable for planting hyacinths: plastic cups, deep disposable plates, pots, jars.
Landing will require a certain list of materials and tools.
- At the bottom of the form a drainage thickness of 10–20 mm. It may be small pebbles mixed with sand.
- Next, pour a layer of soil. For growing hyacinths can not be used sour. The best choice is a mixture of equal amounts of leafy soil, turf and compost, adding some sand and peat. You can also mix in equal proportions lowland peat and coarse sand. Another option is to buy ready-made soil in the store for gardeners.
- A layer of sand of 5–7 mm is poured onto the substrate. This is a precautionary measure to prevent rotting of the roots of a plant.
For distillation, use deep pots with a height of 14–20 cm. In the process of growth, the onion will inevitably grow and protrude above the ground surface. Therefore, it should be planted in the upper third of the pot, and not at the level of its edges.
For commercial purposes, hyacinths are grown in small boxes, but each bulb is in a separate cell.
The landing process consists of several stages:
- onion with the bottom slightly pressed into the ground (do not screw!),
- sprinkle with earth so that the top of the bulb is free, protrudes above the ground,
- powder on top of dry sawdust is acceptable.
Attention! If several bulbs are planted at once, they should not touch each other. In this case, the landing should be quite crowded. The optimal distance between them is 2–2.5 cm.
After the flower is planted in a pot, he needs a period of rest. At this time, provide the following conditions:
- total lack of lighting
- air temperature + 5–7 ° С,
- normal humidity
During the rooting period, it is constantly monitored that the soil in the tank is moderately wet. Drying is not allowed. In order to disinfect and fertilize, the soil is watered with a solution of potassium permanganate and sprinkled with wood ash. Duration of the rest period is 2–2.5 months.
Storage space for pots:
- bottom shelf of the refrigerator,
- cold loggia
- basement or cellar,
The rest period is otherwise called "cold." This is a mandatory step in the process of forcing bulb flowers.
The final stage of forcing
After two months after planting, they begin to regularly check to see if the shoots have appeared. As soon as they reach a height of 2–2.5 cm, the pots with the sowing material carry a cool and well-lit place. Optimally - on the window sill. Here the flower should be throughout the next month. In the first week after the end of the cold period, it is desirable to cover the pots with a paper cap.
Attention! During this period of plant growth, the air temperature should not exceed + 15 ° C.
At the end of this stage, the buds appear and the pot is transferred to the place where it will reside. Further waiting for the start of flowering. Hyacinths do not tolerate excessive moisture, so you need to water regularly, but moderately.
Distillation in water
To obtain a "water" flower, until the time of planting, all the same steps pass as when grown in a pot. It is important to choose the right water tank. It should be such that the bulb does not sink into the liquid, but comes into contact with it with its lower, root part. In order to achieve this, you can use a variety of devices. A good choice - narrow glasses.
Water must be clean: rain or filtered. The container should be wrapped in dark paper and the plants should be sent to a cool place to go through the cold period. All this time, monitor the level of fluid and topped up in a timely manner. After the first roots appear, add fertilizer. For example, "Kornevin."
How to choose a good, healthy plant in the store
Flowers bought in a hypermarket need special care, which is sometimes impossible to provide at home
The success of growing hyacinth in a pot directly depends on the quality of the seed. In order to avoid mistakes, the following rules are recommended.
- Bulbs with a diameter of at least 50 mm are used for forcing. If hyacinths are grown in the garden, smaller seed material will do.
- Depending on the variety, the maximum allowable diameter of the bulbs for growing hyacinth in a pot is 40–60 mm.
Requirements for the appearance and quality of seed:
- no rot and mechanical damage
- smooth surface,
- no traces of pests and diseases,
- hard-to-touch structure.
Important! The main criterion for choosing a hyacinth for growing in a pot is the ratio of the diameter of the bulb and its bottom. It should be 1.5–1.6: 1. For an unusable seed, this ratio is much less.
Bought a flower brought home, how should care for him?
Usually, flowering hyacinths are not transplanted, but this rule does not apply to plants purchased in garden stores.
Hyacinth bulbs can be purchased at any time of the year. If there is no intention to immediately send it out for distillation, then place it in a cool place for storage at a temperature of 6–9 ° C. This will stop the growth processes and begin a rest period. If a bulb is purchased in a pot, it is placed in a well-lit place for forcing.
Should I repot out of the store pot
Regarding whether it is necessary to replant the hyacinth from the store pot, the opinions of gardeners differ. Some believe that the flower is undesirable to injure transplant. Others see no danger to the plant in this process. In order to decide what to do next, assess the situation according to several parameters:
- flower condition: rooted onion, sprouts, blooms,
- pot size,
- what will they do with the plant after it blooms.
Most often, hyacinths are realized in their best possible form: flowering. In this case, the bulbs are planted in such small containers that the soil is almost invisible. Vegetation of plants in such conditions is supported by watering chemicals. As soon as this process stops, the flower may die. Therefore, in order to preserve the life of a flower, a hyacinth after purchase must be transplanted into a pot with soil, regardless of whether it blooms or not. If it is purchased in a container with a sufficient amount of substrate, it is better to refrain from transplantation. After the hyacinth has faded, the onion is dug out and sent for a rest period.
Conditions of growing hyacinth in a pot
Try not to put hyacinths on the window sills, where there is a high probability of draining from radiators
A pot with a hyacinth is placed in any bright, warm place. Undesirable proximity to heating devices: radiators and various heaters. For normal growing season, the plant is at room temperature.
In the period of maturation of buds, hyacinth can be illuminated in the evenings with incandescent or fluorescent lamps. The optimum temperature for flowering is 20 ° C. Watering should be moderate, but constant. Do not allow the soil to dry out. It is important to prevent water from entering the upper part of the bulb and into the leaf axils.
Therefore, water is poured at the edge of the pot. This will inevitably cause a gradual erosion of the substrate. In order to avoid this, the container with the flower is periodically turned. This is also useful for growing the trunk of a plant upright. If necessary (if the soil is insufficiently nutritious) fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is possible.
The above conditions are considered ideal for growing hyacinth in a pot. But it is not always possible to provide them. However, do not worry about this: hyacinth is quite unpretentious and will surely bloom at room temperature and ordinary room lighting.
What care to provide hyacinth after flowering
Inexperienced flower growers guess what to do with a hyacinth after it has faded. It all depends on whether they intend to get another full-fledged plant from this bulb. If not, the flower is dug out and discarded. But you can do something else: dig up the onion and transplant it into the garden. Here she will rest and will give new flowers, provided proper care.
If there is an intention to engage in reproduction and further cultivation of hyacinths, proceed as follows.
- When the plant blooms, cut the flower.
- Continue moderate watering and dressing until the leaves that remain on the trunk wilt. During this period, the bulb will gradually increase in size and the appearance of children is possible.
- Next, the bulb is removed from the soil and cleaned from dried leaves. If there are kids, separate them.
- Those bulbs that have bloomed after forcing are not suitable for reuse. But they can be planted in the ground in a flower bed or in the garden.
The maximum "life span" of hyacinth bulbs is 10 years. All this time they give flowers at intervals of 1 every 1-2 years.
Landing in open ground
The driver of the hyacinth bulbs is planted only when they want to get a lush bloom
On average, hyacinths bloom for 1.5-2 weeks. At the final stage, drying of the peduncle and leaves is observed. From this point on, watering is gradually reduced and completely stopped after the flower dries.
Attention! You can not cut the green mass and flowers before they dry, because during this period there is an outflow of nutrients into the bulb.
Peeled onions are planted in the ground at a temperature of + 20-30 ° C. The optimal period is the first half of autumn. Landing is carried out to a depth of 10–12 cm on dense heavy soils and 12–15 cm on loose and light.
- Form the hole of the appropriate depth.
- A 1-2 cm layer of sand is poured on the bottom.
- The distance between the bulbs is 8–9 cm.
- Before the frost cover the landing site 10 cm layer of mulch.
Yellow Bacterial Rot
When the disease affects the leaves of the plant, and then the bulbs (in the photo orchid)
The disease is accompanied by a dilution of the bulb, a pronounced unpleasant smell, the cessation of plant growth. At the initial stage of the lesion, yellow spots appear on the leaves gray spots.
Parasitic apical rot
The disease is caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are in contaminated soil. Symptoms of the disease:
- brown small depressions on flowers and leaves,
- the tips of the leaves are covered with mycelium, thinning and breaking down,
- rotting roots.
The processes of decay are accelerated with increasing air temperature.
At first the leaves and then the whole plant wither
On the leaves and flowers appear randomly located elongated light green spots. The affected areas begin to turn yellow and dry. Plant growth slows down. Possible death.
Gray rot leads to the death of the bulbs (pictured tulip bulb)
Most often affects plants in the period of early growth. The disease is characterized by the formation of yellow spots, which gradually increase in size and acquire a brown color. Quite quickly begins rotting roots. The plant dies.
One of the parasites of hyacinths is tobacco trips.
When grown outdoors, the most dangerous pests for hyacinths are aphids and thrips. They take the juice from the plant, which causes the flowers and leaves to dry. For the prevention of lesions spend spraying affidites. The most effective "Fitoverm", "Akarin", "Accord".
Plants grown in a pot and in the open field may suffer from nematode damage. These parasites are of two types: stem and gall. The most common are the first, parasitic on all parts of the plant, above ground and underground. At the same time the bulbs soften, the growth of hyacinth gradually stops.
There are no radical measures to combat these parasites. On sale is the only drug to which nematodes are sensitive - "Fitoverm." It is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent. Before planting, a powder of this preparation is poured into the soil with a thin layer and mixed with earth to a depth of at least 15 cm.
Pests and diseases
The plant is very resistant to diseases and pests. But in some cases, hyacinth can hit:
- Bacterial rot. It spreads all over the flower, dark stains may appear on the leaves, they soften, emitting an unpleasant smell, then the roots dry up and the hyacinth gradually dies. Such a plant should be destroyed along with the soil, and the pot should be well cleaned and sanitized by potassium permanganate.
- Spider mites, thrips, aphids, flower flies. Their appearance is characterized by yellowing of the leaves, followed by their withering, the dropping of flowers, rotting bulbs. To combat insect pests is best to use insecticidal preparations.
Possible problems with growing hyacinth
With the wrong content and poor care, the flower may appear physiological disorders, for example:
- Wilting leaves. The reason may be insufficient lighting. Change the location of the plant.
- Growth retardation Most likely, hyacinth is not suitable for indoor temperature. Perhaps she is too tall for him.
- Rotting onions. Wrong or excessive watering.
- Lack of flowering. The likely cause is a very small onion, which lacks the strength to carry out this process.
- Yellowing of the whole foliage. If the leaves turn yellow after flowering, this may mean that the hyacinth is at rest.
- Inflorescence decay. The reason for this trouble is too frequent watering. It is necessary to water a plant in due time, not allowing hit of water on flowers.