In the simplest form it is an apparatus which is tubular in shape. Fluid flows through the varying diameter pipe length. It has an entry cone of nearly 30 degree and the exit is made of 5degree. For the compensation of the assumption of in fluid here a coefficient is used in calculations. Numeric value of this is 0.98.
Venturi effect –
When fluid flows through a constricted pipe section then there is a great reduction in pressure. This effect is called venture effect. The name of this effect is before the Italian scientist Giovanni Battista Venturi.
Instrumentation and measurements-
Venturis are highly used in the industries and the laboratories .
The flow rate Q can be measured by the following formula
An another use of venturi is that , it can be used in the mixing of the gas with the liquid. When liquid passes through the pipe with high speed then if the gas is present at the other end then it will get mixed with the liquid. Aspirator is a good example of these phenomena.
At the laboratory level here we discuss the venture effect by the help of a simple instrument called venture meter. It is a device based on Bernoulli's theorem used for measuring the rate of flow of liquid through pipes.
It consists of two identical coaxial tubes A and C connected by a narrow co-axial tube B. Two vertical tubes D and E are mounted on the tubes A and B to measure the pressure of the following liquid.
When the liquid flows in the tube ABC, the velocity of flow in part B will be larger than in the tube A or C. So the pressure in part B will be less than that in tube A or C. By measuring the pressure difference between A andB, the rate of flow of the liquid in the tube can be calculated.
Let area of cross section of tube A and B respectively
Velocity of flow of liquid through A and B respectively
Liquid pressure at A and B respectively
......(i) [ = density of flowing liquid]
From Bernoulli's theorem for horizontal flow of liquid
From (i) and (ii) = [As ]
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