ASK THE MASTER GARDENERS
Q: I would like to try saving seeds from some of my favorite perennials. How do I do it?
A: As we stated in an earlier question on saving seeds from annuals and vegetables, there are many variables to take into consideration. Make sure that the plants you choose are disease free. Not every plant in your garden will grow successfully from seed next season. Some seeds may not germinate, especially those of the hybrid varieties. Hybrids that produce seeds, germinate and grow into a plant may not resemble the original plant.
Perennials may have barriers to germination that must be overcome and can be tricky to propagate. Many take a minimum of two to three years to grow to flowering size, but some will develop in a shorter period of time. Try coneflower (echinacea), columbine, black-eyed Susan and some salvias. Your best bet may be to increase your plantings by division, stem cuttings or simple layering.
Collect seeds when they are fully mature and dry (in most cases). After you harvest seeds of your favorite plants, drying them fully is essential. It is a good idea to harvest on a dry day, place them on a paper plate for a few days to a week or so in a cool, dark and dry area. After a few days, test some by breaking or smashing with a hammer. If the seed shatters, store the batch in envelopes (never plastic because they need to breath to remain viable) and label with the name and the year.
Drying seeds with moist coatings takes an extra step. These should be soaked (up to a few days). Good seeds will sink to the bottom of the container. Pour off the water and rinse the seeds well in a colander, drain well and then place them on a piece of waxed paper to air dry. When fully dried, simply roll the paper with the seeds in it and place in an envelope. Freeze fully dried seed for longer-term storage.
Perennial seeds all have different germination and recommended sowing times; you will have to check the time frame for each variety. The bottom line for collecting seeds from your own plantings is to select from the best and hardiest plants in order for their genes to pass on to the next season.
Vivian Utko, master gardener with Cornell Cooperative Extension of Westchester