Since most fig varieties survive only mild winter cold, growing figs above plant hardiness zone 7 requires either special techniques, hardy varieties, or both. Unprotected, the brown turkey or Texas everbearing fig survives winter minimums as low as 10 degrees F without serious damage. Colder temperatures kill the tree back to the ground. Because the brown turkey fig regrows vigorously and fruits later in the year on new wood, crops of figs from outdoor plantings are possible as far north as Indiana. Growers willing to take extreme measures may be successful with other varieties as well.
Choose the hardiest possible fig varieties to grow outside in Indiana. Indiana's winter minimums drop as low as -20 degrees F although warmer winters with lows of only slightly below zero are common. Even hardy varieties such as brown turkey, blue celeste and Brunswick will need extra protection.
Plant fig trees in areas with protection from winter's north winds. Don't plant figs in low-lying areas which become frost pockets in early spring. Locate the tree on the south side of a heated building for extra shelter in the winter and extra warmth and sunlight in summer.
Prune fig trees to grow with multiple stems and a spreading bush shape. Winter damage naturally limits the size of the fig tree, and multiple stems provide more summer foliage and a faster recovery.
Protect fig trees by wrapping and insulating limbs in early winter after the tree goes dormant. Bend limbs alongside the trunks and tie with cotton cord. Wrap the tree with fiberglass insulation and a reinforced nylon tarp as an outer wind barrier.
Remove the cover in early spring before new growth begins. Release the limbs from the cord bindings. Prune out any winter killed wood.