Biology is the science of life and it comes from the Greek words bios, which means life, and logos, which means science. Biology encompasses a broad spectrum of sciences and scientific disciplines. Biology studies living creatures, their structure, function and behavior, as well as the entire biosphere. Biological sciences differ in specific methodology and by the level of organization and groups of organisms that are the subject of study.
Modern biology has five basic axiomatic principles.
Foundations of modern biology
Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life. All living organisms are formed from one or more cells, or the express product of such cells such as hair and nails, etc. All cells arise from other cells through cell division.
The cell is also considered to be the basic unit in many pathological processes. In addition, the phenomenon of the power flow takes place in cells, which function is known as metabolism. The cells contain the genetic information (DNA), which is passed on to the new cell during cell division.
The central organizing concept of biology is that living creatures change and develop through evolution. All known life forms have a common origin. The theory of evolution postulates that all organisms on Earth come from a common ancestor or from the same gene pool. The last universal common ancestor of all organisms is believed to have appeared before about 3.5 billion years ago.
These are the most famous biologists worldwide and their discoveries: