Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson to forcibly remove American Indians from land in the Southeastern United States to Indian Territory.
Hampton Institute accepts American Indian students.
The school opened to educate former slaves, but also taught American Indians through 1923.
Carlisle Indian Industrial School founded by General Richard Henry Pratt
The school, located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, operated under the motto "Kill the Indian, Save the Man."
Chemawa Indian School opened.
The school is located in Salem, Oregon, and is still open but run by the Bureau of Indian Education.
Albuquerque Indian School opened.
The school was located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, mostly educating students of the Southwest.
Chilocco Indian School opened.
The school was located north of Ponca City, Oklahoma.
Genoa Indian School opened.
The school was located in Genoa, Nebraska, and operated until 1934.
Haskell Institute opened.
The school was located in Lawrence, Kansas, and named for U.S. Representative Dudley Haskell.
The Dawes Act allowed for tribal land to be divided into allotments for individual Indians. They would receive citizenship in return for the acceptance of the allotment.
Phoenix Indian School opened.
The school was located in Phoenix, Arizona.
Sherman Institute opened.
Perris Indian School was opened in Perris, California, and in 1903, relocated to Riverside and renamed Sherman Institute.
The Curtis Act called for the break-up of communally-held tribal lands of the Five "Civilized" Tribes: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole.
Act of Congress passed
This Act of Congress made every American Indian in Indian Territory (the so-called Five Civilized Tribes) citizens of the United States.
The Burke Act required an Indian to be deemed "competent and capable" before receiving a fee simple patent for their allotted land. It also provided citizenship once final validation of their trust patents was received.
The telegram was a secret communication between Germany and Mexico that offered United States land in exchange for Mexico's alliance with Germany that led to US involvement in the war.
America declares war on Germany.
After years of nuetrality, Congress voted to enter the war.
Selective Service Act
The conscription laws were signed into law requiring all males 21 to 30 to register. This included all American Indians regardless of citizenship status.
Carlisle Indian Industrial School is closed.
The school became Base Hospital 31 for use in WWI.
Battle of St. Mihiel
Major battle and first US-led offensive began with the possible first use of Comanche language.
First use of Choctaw language
During the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, eight Choctaw men used their language to transmit coded messages during the war. This became known as code talking.
The armistice declared that all fighting on land, sea, and air cease on "the eleventh minute of the eleventh hours of the eleventh day of the eleventh month" that showed defeat for Germany and victory for the Allied nations.
Citizenship for American Indian veterans
All American Indians and Alaska Natives who were veterans of World War I could receive U.S. citizenship if they requested it.
Indian Citizenship Act
All American Indians and Alaska Natives are given citizenship in the United States regardless of previous provisions, treaties, etc.
American Indians can vote in Arizona.
The Arizona Supreme Court struck down a state constitutional provision, allowing American Indians the right to vote.
American Indians can vote in New Mexico.
It is now legal in all states for American Indians to vote.
Code Talkers Recognition Act
The Code Talkers Recognition Act officially recognized the men from 33 American Indian and Alaska Native tribes who served in World War I and World War II.
Code Talkers Ceremony
Ceremonies were held in Washington, D.C., that recognized the tribes, individuals, and families of Code Talkers, who were presented Congressional Medals for their service.