In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a reproductive technology in which an egg is removed from a woman, joined with a sperm cell from a man in a test tube (in vitro). The cells fuse to form a single cell called a zygote, which then starts dividing, becoming an embryo. When the zygote/embryo is only a few cells large, it is implanted in the woman’s uterus, and, if successful, will develop as a normal embryo.
When You Need IVF?
1. Diagnosed with unexplained infertility
2. If Fallopian tube damage or blockage makes it difficult to you become a pregnant.
3. If ovulation is infrequent or absent, fewer eggs are available for fertilization.
4. Premature ovarian failure is the loss of normal ovarian function before age 40. If your ovaries fail, they don’t produce normal amounts of the hormone estrogen or have eggs to release regularly.
5. Fibroids are benign tumors in the wall of the uterus and are common in women in their 30s and 40s. Fibroids can interfere with implantation of the fertilized egg.
6. If you or your partner is at risk of passing on a genetic disorder to your child, you may be candidates for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
7. If you start cancer treatment — such as radiation or chemotherapy — that could harm your fertility, IVF for fertility preservation may be an option.
1. Fertility medications are prescribed to stimulate egg production. Multiple eggs are desired because some eggs will not develop or fertilize after retrieval. Transvaginal ultrasound is used to examine the ovaries, and blood test samples are taken to check hormone levels.
2. Eggs are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure that uses ultrasound imaging to guide a hollow needle through the pelvic cavity to remove the eggs. Medication is provided to reduce and remove potential discomfort.
3. Sperm and eggs are mixed together and stored in a laboratory to encourage fertilization. In some cases where there is a lower probability of fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. Through this procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into the egg in an attempt to achieve fertilization. The eggs are monitored to confirm that fertilization and cell division are taking place. Once this occurs, the fertilized eggs are considered embryos.
4. Embryos are usually transferred into the woman’s uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization. A catheter or small tube is inserted into the uterus to transfer the embryos.
What’s the success rate for IVF?
The outcomes of IVF vary dramatically, depending on each couple reasons for infertility and their ages. Younger women usually have healthier eggs and higher success rates.
41-43% for women under age 35
33-36% for women ages 35 to 37
23-27% for women ages 38 to 40
13-18% for women ages over 40
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