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IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It uses a 32-bit address space that provides 4,294,967,296 (232) unique IP addresses.
27 companies and organizations uses 40 IPv4 /8 blocks, that is 15% of all 256 IP blocks.
Companies and organiztions that owns more then 1 IP block:
Top 3 countries by IPv4 address allocation:
875.3M IPv4 addresses are in use by bogon filtering, which are bogus (fake) IP addresses of a computer network. Bogons includes reserved private, non-routable on the Internet, addresses (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16) and link-local address (169.254.0.0/16), that should not be globally advertised to the internet.
Original Internet architecture have fewer thatn 4.3 billion addresses available. Top-level address exhaustion occured on 31 January 2011, when last IPv4 185/8 IP block was assigned to RIPE NCC by IANA.
All five Regional Internet Registries have exhausted their address pools:
To delay shortages of IPv4 addresses, new technologies (Network Address Translation (NAT), Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) and IPv6) and policies (unused IPv4 space reclamation, redistribution IPv4 addresses on the market, new transition mechanisms) were adopted.
IPv6 was developed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with IPv4 exhaustion problem. IPv6 uses a 128-bit addresses allowing 3.4×1038 addresses (2128).
Benefits from IPv6 over IPv4:
IANA is a standards organization that controls global IP address allocation, autonomous system number (ASN) allocation, Domain Name System (DNS) root zone managegement, media types (MIME type) and other Internet Protocol related symbols. Currently IANA ia a function of Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) organization. They delegates allocations of IP address blocks to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).
Five RIRs provides services to administer, manage, distribute and register Internet number resources (address space) to Internet Service Providers and other organizations in their operating regions.
AFRINIC was founded in 2005. They are responsible for members in Africa.
APNIC was founded in 1993. They are responsible for members in Asia Pacific.
ARIN was founded in 1997. They are responsible for members in United States, Canada, many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands.
LACNIC was founded in 2002. They are responsible for members in Latin America and the Caribbean.
RIPE NCC was founded in 1992. They are responsible for members in Europe, the Middle East and parts of Central Asia.
NRO was founded in 2003 as a coordinating body for the five Regional Internet Registrie, which manage the allocation of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers.