Finding Factors and Multiples
This lesson unit is intended to help you to assess how well students are able to understand the meanings of the terms ‘Greatest Common Factor’ (GCF) and ‘Least Common Multiple’ (LCM). In particular, the lesson will help you to identify and help students who:
- Confuse GCFs and LCMs.
- Lack a sense of what values of GCF or LCM might be reasonable for a given pair of numbers.
This lesson is structured in the following way:
- Before the lesson, students work individually on an assessment task, Thinking of Two Numbers, which is designed to reveal their current understanding and difficulties. You then review their solutions and create questions for students to consider in order to improve their work.
- In a whole-class introduction to the lesson, students review their understanding of GCF and LCM. They then examine some sample student work and evaluate the different approaches taken.
- Students then take part in a collaborative task, in pairs or groups of three, in which they complete a grid, finding numbers to satisfy different constraints of GCF and LCM. As they do this, they learn more about how these quantities are related to each other and to the numbers.
- Then in a whole-class discussion, students consider their approaches and share their conclusions.
- In a follow-up lesson, students receive your comments on the assessment task and use these to attempt a similar task, Thinking of Two Numbers (revisited), approaching it with insights that they have gained from the lesson.
- Each student will need a copy of the assessment task Thinking of Two Numbers and Thinking of Two Numbers (revisited), a mini-whiteboard, pen, and eraser.
- Each small group of students will need cut-up Card Set: Sets of Numbers, a copy of the grid GCF and LCM, and a glue stick. (The Card Set: Blank Cards is available for students needing an extension.)
20 minutes before the lesson, a one-hour lesson and 15 minutes in a follow-up lesson. Timings given are approximate and will depend on the needs of your class.
This lesson involves a range of mathematical practices from the standards, with emphasis on:
- MP1: Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them
- MP2: Reason abstractly and quantitatively
- MP3: Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others
- MP5: Use appropriate tools strategically
- MP6: Attend to precision
- MP7: Look for and make use of structure
- MP8: Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning
Mathematical Content Standards
This lesson asks students to select and apply mathematical content from across the grades, including the content standards: