Nowadays knowledge is one of the most important strategic resources in organizations. Knowledge sharing is a mechanism for people to capture, disseminate, transfer and apply useful knowledge. In this regard knowledge sharing has become a strategic issue: as a source of funding for university research and as a policy tool for economic development. So collaboration between universities (centers of science) and research organizations (centers for practice) can play an important role in the field of knowledge sharing, as such, understanding the perceptions of how knowledge is shared between organizations is very important in their implementation of KM. Therefore this paper begins with the description of the term knowledge. It then discusses knowledge sharing and scientific collaboration between universities & research centers. Finally different ways of this process like communicational channels, especially ICTs are discussed.
Keywords- Information Technology, Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing, Inter-organization, Scientific Collaboration