HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard language used to create web pages and applications. The first version of HTML was released in 1993, the latest version (5.2) was published in December 2017.
HTML is used when static web pages need to be created. JS is a scripting language more suitable for situations when dynamic functions are needed within a static page. HTML creates the basic structure of a web page and JS is a more advanced language used to add interactive features to the page.
If the script is used on many pages or is of a larger size, it can be better deployed as a separate file and linked to. Using a separate file has the advantage of making changes easier and allows the script file to be cached, speeding up loading times.
One needs to know that embedding script can typically create delays in website loading so such techniques as defer and async can be used to make your website faster.
The HTML standard is compatible with all web browsers no matter how old or new they are, most of the time. Web browsers are normally able to deal with unrecognized code, typically ignoring this HTML and displaying the rest of the page correctly. Some consideration for older browsers should be given if using newer HTML5 elements, however.
4. Dynamic Content
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5. Client or Server-side
Such technologies as node.js and similar technologies are now executed on the server side.
HTML is a markup language which uses tags which identify what they are intended to do. This readability can make it easier for someone to pick it up, as the commands make some sense.
For this reason, learning JS would seem to be more difficult. However, if you know part of this programming language you can create code that just uses those commands. With HTML you need to know most of the language to be able to correctly create a page, missing out something crucial can break the whole page.