- Hesiod, Theogony 820-885: Myth of Typhoeus and Zeus
- Plutarch, Isis and Osiris 370: Zoroastrianism dualism
- 1 Enoch, chapters 1-36 (Book 1)
Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns, and Homerica (Loeb Classical Library; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914). (public domain).
(lines 820-868) But when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven, huge Earth bore her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite. Strength was with his hands in all that he did and the feet of the strong god were untiring. From his shoulders grew an hundred heads of a snake, a fearful dragon, with dark, flickering tongues, and from under the brows of his eyes in his marvelous heads flashed fire, and fire burned from his heads as he glared. And there were voices in all his dreadful heads which uttered every kind of sound unspeakable; for at one time they made sounds such that the gods understood, but at another, the noise of a bull bellowing aloud in proud ungovernable fury; and at another, the sound of a lion, relentless of heart; and at another, sounds like whelps, wonderful to hear; and again, at another, he would hiss, so that the high mountains re-echoed. And truly a thing past help would have happened on that day, and he would have come to reign over mortals and immortals, had not the father of men and gods been quick to perceive it. But he thundered hard and mightily: and the earth around resounded terribly and the wide heaven above, and the sea and Ocean’s streams and the nether parts of the earth. Great Olympus reeled beneath the divine feet of the king as he arose and earth groaned thereat. And through the two of them heat took hold on the dark-blue sea, through the thunder and lightning, and through the fire from the monster, and the scorching winds and blazing thunderbolt. The whole earth seethed, and sky and sea: and the long waves raged along the beaches round and about, at the rush of the deathless gods: and there arose an endless shaking. Hades trembled where he rules over the dead below, and the Titans under Tartarus who live with Cronos, because of the unending clamour and the fearful strife. So when Zeus had raised up his might and seized his arms, thunder and lightning and lurid thunderbolt, he leaped from Olympus and struck him, and burned all the marvellous heads of the monster about him. But when Zeus had conquered him and lashed him with strokes, Typhoeus was hurled down, a maimed wreck, so that the huge earth groaned. And flame shot forth from the thunder- stricken lord in the dim rugged glens of the mount (26), when he was smitten. A great part of huge earth was scorched by the terrible vapour and melted as tin melts when heated by men’s art in channelled (27) crucibles; or as iron, which is hardest of all things, is softened by glowing fire in mountain glens and melts in the divine earth through the strength of Hephaestus (28). Even so, then, the earth melted in the glow of the blazing fire. And in the bitterness of his anger Zeus cast him into wide Tartarus.
(lines 869-880) And from Typhoeus come boisterous winds which blow damply, except Notus and Boreas and clear Zephyr. These are a god-sent kind, and a great blessing to men; but the others blow fitfully upon the seas. Some rush upon the misty sea and work great havoc among men with their evil, raging blasts; for varying with the season they blow, scattering ships and destroying sailors. And men who meet these upon the sea have no help against the mischief. Others again over the boundless, flowering earth spoil the fair fields of men who dwell below, filling them with dust and cruel uproar.
(lines 881-885) But when the blessed gods had finished their toil, and settled by force their struggle for honours with the Titans, they pressed far-seeing Olympian Zeus to reign and to rule over them, by Earths prompting. So he divided their dignities amongst them.
Translation from Frank Cole Babbit, Plutarch: Moralia, volume 5 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1936), pp. 113-117 (public domain).
(369 E-F) The great majority and the wisest of men hold this opinion: they believe that there are two gods, rivals as it were, the one the Artificer of good and the other of evil. There are also those who call the better one a god and the other a daemon, as, for example, Zoroaster the sage, who, they record, lived five thousand years before the time of the Trojan War. He called the one Oromazes [Ahura Mazda] and the other Areimanius [Angra Mainyu]; and he further declared that among all the things perceptible to the senses, Oromazes may best be compared to light, and Areimanius, conversely, to darkness and ignorance, and midway between the two is Mithras: for this reason the Persians give to Mithras the name of “Mediator”. Zoroaster has also taught that men should make votive offerings and thank-offerings to Oromazes, and averting and mourning offerings to Areimanius. They pound up in a mortar a certain plant called omomi at the same time invoking Hades and Darkness; then they mix it with the blood of a wolf that has been sacrificed, and carry it out and cast it into a place where the sun never shines. In fact, they believe that some of the plants belong to the good god and others to the evil daemon; so also of the animals they think that dogs, fowls, and hedgehogs, for example, belong to the good god, but that water-rats belong to the evil one; therefore the man who has killed the most of these they hold to be fortunate.
(370 A-C) However, they also tell many fabulous stories about their gods, such, for example, as the following: Oromazes, born from the purest light, and Areimanius, born from the darkness, are constantly at war with each other; and Oromazes created six gods, the first of Good Thought, the second of Truth, the third of Order, and, of the rest, one of Wisdom, one of Wealth, and one the Artificer of Pleasure in what is Honourable. But Areimanius created rivals, as it were, equal to these in number. Then Oromazes enlarged himself to thrice his former size, and removed himself as far distant from the Sun as the Sun is distant from the Earth, and adorned the heavens with stars. One star he set there before all others as a guardian and watchman, the Dog-star. Twenty-four other gods he created and placed in an egg. But those created by Areimanius, who were equal in number to the others, pierced through the egg and made their way inside; hence evils are now combine with good. But a destined time shall come when it is decreed that Areimanius, engaged in bringing on pestilence and famine, shall by these be utterly annihilated and shall disappear; and then shall the earth become a level plain, and there shall be one manner of life and one form of government for a blessed people who shall all speak one tongue. Theopompus says that, according to the sages, one god is to overpower, and the other to be overpowered, each in turn for the space of three thousand years, and afterward for another three thousand years they shall fight and war, and the one shall undo the works of the other, and finally Hades shall pass away; then shall the people be happy, and neither shall they need to have food nor shall they cast any shadow. And the god, who has contrived to bring about all these things, shall then have quiet and shall repose for a time, no long time indeed, but for the god as much as would be a moderate time for a man to sleep. Such, then, is the character of the mythology of the sages.
Translation by R.H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913). With modernizing of the English by Phil Harland (public domain)
Parable on the lot of the wicked and the righteous (chapters 1-5)
1 (1) The words of the blessing of Enoch, by which he blessed the elect and righteous, who will be (2) living in the day of tribulation, when all the wicked and godless are to be removed. And he took up his parable and Enoch, a righteous man whose eyes were opened by God, saw the vision of the Holy One in the heavens, which the angels showed me, and from them I heard everything, and from them I understood as I saw, but not for this generation, but for a remote one which is (3) to come. Concerning the elect I said, and took up my parable concerning them: ‘The Holy Great One will come forth from His dwelling, (4) and the eternal God will tread upon the earth, even on Mount Sinai, and appear in the strength of His might from the heaven of heavens. (5) And all will be smitten with fear and the Watchers will quake, and great fear and trembling will seize them to the ends of the earth. (6) And the high mountains will be shaken, and the high hills will be made low, and will melt like wax before the flame (7) and the earth will be wholly rent in sunder, and all that is upon the earth will perish, and there will be a judgement upon all (men). (8) But with the righteous He will make peace. And will protect the elect, and mercy will be upon them. And they will all belong to God, and they will be prospered, and they will all be blessed. And He will help them all, and light will appear to them, and He will make peace with them. (9) And behold! He comes with ten thousands of His holy ones to execute judgement upon all, and to destroy all the ungodly. He comes to convict all flesh of all the works of their ungodliness which they have ungodly committed, and of all the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him.’
2 (1) Observe everything that takes place in the heaven, how they do not change their orbits, and the luminaries which are in the heaven, how they all rise and set in order each in its season, and (2) transgress not against their appointed order. Behold the earth, and give heed to the things which take place upon it from first to last, how steadfast they are, how none of the things upon earth (3) change, but all the works of God appear to you. Behold the summer and the winter, how the whole earth is filled with water, and clouds and dew and rain lie upon it.
3 Observe and see how in the winter all the trees seem as though they had withered and shed all their leaves, except fourteen trees, which do not lose their foliage but retain the old foliage from two to three years until the new comes. 4 And again, observe the days of summer how the sun is above the earth over against it. And you seek shade and shelter by reason of the heat of the sun, and the earth also burns with growing heat, and so you cannot tread on the earth, or on a rock by reason of its heat.
5 (1) Observe how the trees cover themselves with green leaves and bear fruit: wherefore give heed and know with regard to all His works, and recognize how He that lives for ever hath made them so. (2) And all His works go on thus from year to year for ever, and all the tasks which they accomplish for Him, and their tasks change not, but according as God hath ordained so is it done. (3) And behold how the sea and the rivers in like manner accomplish and change not their tasks from His commandments. (4) But you, you have not been steadfast, nor done the commandments of the Lord, but you have turned away and spoken proud and hard words with your impure mouths against His greatness. Oh, you hard-hearted, you will find no peace. (5) Therefore will you execrate your days, and the years of your life will perish, and the years of your destruction will be multiplied in eternal execration, and you will find no mercy. (6a) In those days you will make your names an eternal execration to all the righteous, (6b) and by you will all who curse, curse, and all the sinners and godless will imprecate by you, (7c) and for you the godless there will be a curse. (6d) And all the . . . will rejoice, (6e) and there will be forgiveness of sins, (6f) and every mercy and peace and forbearance: (6g) There will be salvation to them, a goodly light. (6i) And for all of you sinners there will be no salvation, (6j) but on you all will abide a curse. (7a) But for the elect there will be light and joy and peace, (7b) and they will inherit the earth. (8) And then there will be bestowed upon the elect wisdom, and they will all live and never again sin, either through ungodliness or through pride: But they who are wise will be humble. (9) And they will not again transgress, nor will they sin all the days of their life, nor will they die of (the divine) anger or wrath. But they will complete the number of the days of their life. And their lives will be increased in peace, and the years of their joy will be multiplied, in eternal gladness and peace, all the days of their life.
Fall of the angels (chapters 6-11)
6 (1) And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born to (2) them beautiful and comely daughters. And the angels, the children of the heaven, saw and lusted after them, and said to one another: ‘Come, let us choose us wives from among the children of men (3) and beget us children.’ And Semyaz, who was their leader, said to them: ‘I fear you will not (4) indeed agree to do this deed, and I alone will have to pay the penalty of a great sin.’ And they all answered him and said: ‘Let us all swear an oath, and all bind ourselves by mutual imprecations (5) not to abandon this plan but to do this thing.’ Then sware they all together and bound themselves (6) by mutual imprecations upon it. And they were in all two hundred; who descended in the days of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon, and they called it Mount Hermon, because they had sworn (7) and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. And these are the names of their leaders: Samlazaz, their leader, Araklba, Rameel, Kokablel, Tamlel, Ramlel, Danel, Ezeqeel, Baraqijal, (8) Asael, Armaros, Batarel, Ananel, Zaqiel, Samsapeel, Satarel, Turel, Jomjael, Sariel. These are their chiefs of tens.
7 (1) And all the others together with them took to themselves wives, and each chose for himself one, and they began to go in to them and to defile themselves with them, and they taught them charms (2) and enchantments, and the cutting of roots, and made them acquainted with plants. And they (3) became pregnant, and they bore great giants, whose height was three hundred cubits: Who consumed (4) all the acquisitions of men. And when men could no longer sustain them, the giants turned against (5) them and devoured mankind. And they began to sin against birds, and beasts, and reptiles, and (6) fish, and to devour one another’s flesh, and drink the blood. Then the earth laid accusation against the lawless ones.
8 (1) And Azazel taught men to make swords, and knives, and shields, and breastplates, and made known to them the metals of the earth and the art of working them, and bracelets, and ornaments, and the use of antimony, and the beautifying of the eyelids, and all kinds of costly stones, and all (2) colouring tinctures. And there arose much godlessness, and they committed fornication, and they (3) were led astray, and became corrupt in all their ways. Semyaz taught enchantments, and root-cuttings, Armaros the resolving of enchantments, Baraqijal (taught) astrology, Kokabel the constellations, Ezeqeel the knowledge of the clouds, Araqiel the signs of the earth, Shamsiel the signs of the sun, and Sariel the course of the moon. And as men perished, they cried, and their cry went up to heaven . . .
9 (1) And then Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel looked down from heaven and saw much blood being (2) shed upon the earth, and all lawlessness being done upon the earth. And they said one to another: ‘The earth made without inhabitant cries the voice of their cryings up to the gates of heaven. (3) And now to you, the holy ones of heaven, the souls of men make their suit, saying, “Bring our cause (4) before the Most High.”’ And they said to the Lord of the ages: ‘Lord of lords, God of gods, King of kings, and God of the ages, the throne of Your glory stands to all the generations of the (5) ages, and Your name holy and glorious and blessed to all the ages! You have made all things, and you have power over all things: and all things are naked and open in Your sight, and You see all (6) things, and nothing can hide itself from You. You see what Azazel hath done, who hath taught all unrighteousness on earth and revealed the eternal secrets which were (preserved) in heaven, which (7) men were striving to learn: And Semyaz, to whom You have given authority to bear rule over his associates. And they have gone to the daughters of men upon the earth, and have slept with the (9) women, and have defiled themselves, and revealed to them all kinds of sins. And the women have (10) borne giants, and the whole earth has thereby been filled with blood and unrighteousness. And now, behold, the souls of those who have died are crying and making their suit to the gates of heaven, and their lamentations have ascended: and cannot cease because of the lawless deeds which are (11) done on the earth. And You knows all things before they come to pass, and You see these things and You do suffer them, and You do not say to us what we are to do to them in regard to these.’
10 (1) Then said the Most High, the Holy and Great One spake, and sent Uriel to the son of Lamech, (2) and said to him: ‘Go to Noah and tell him in my name “Hide yourself!” and reveal to him the end that is approaching: that the whole earth will be destroyed, and a deluge is about to come (3) upon the whole earth, and will destroy all that is on it. And now instruct him that he may escape (4) and his seed may be preserved for all the generations of the world.’ And again the Lord said to Raphael: ‘Bind Azazel hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: and make an opening (5) in the desert, which is in Dudael, and cast him therein. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and cover him with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his face that he may (6-7) not see light. And on the day of the great judgement he will be cast into the fire. And heal the earth which the angels have corrupted, and proclaim the healing of the earth, that they may heal the plague, and that all the children of men may not perish through all the secret things that the (8) Watchers have disclosed and have taught their sons. And the whole earth has been corrupted (9) through the works that were taught by Azazel: to him ascribe all sin.’ And to Gabriel said the Lord: ‘Proceed against the bastards and the reprobates, and against the children of fornication: and destroy [the children of fornication and] the children of the Watchers from amongst men [and cause them to go forth]: send them one against the other that they may destroy each other in (10) battle: for length of days will they not have. And no request that they (i.e. their fathers) make of you will be granted to their fathers on their behalf; for they hope to live an eternal life, and (11) that each one of them will live five hundred years.’ And the Lord said to Michael: ‘Go, bind Semyaz and his associates who have united themselves with women so as to have defiled themselves (12) with them in all their uncleanness. And when their sons have slain one another, and they have seen the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them fast for seventy generations in the valleys of the earth, until the day of their judgement and of their consummation, until the judgement that is (13) for ever and ever is consummated. In those days they will be led off to the abyss of fire: and (14) to the torment and the prison in which they will be confined for ever. And whosoever will be condemned and destroyed will from there forth be bound together with them to the end of all (15) generations. And destroy all the spirits of the reprobate and the children of the Watchers, because (16) they have wronged mankind. Destroy all wrong from the face of the earth and let every evil work come to an end: and let the plant of righteousness and truth appear: and it will prove a blessing; the works of righteousness and truth will be planted in truth and joy for evermore. (17) And then will all the righteous escape, and will live until they beget thousands of children and all the days of their youth and their old age will they complete in peace.
(18) And then will the whole earth be tilled in righteousness, and will all be planted with trees and (19) be full of blessing. And all desirable trees will be planted on it, and they will plant vines on it: and the vine which they plant on it will yield wine in abundance, and as for all the seed which is sown on it each measure (of it) will bear a thousand, and each measure of olives will yield (20) ten presses of oil. And cleanse you the earth from all oppression, and from all unrighteousness, and from all sin, and from all godlessness: and all the uncleanness that is done upon the earth (21) destroy from off the earth. And all the children of men will become righteous, and all nations (22) will offer adoration and will praise Me, and all will worship Me. And the earth will be cleansed from all defilement, and from all sin, and from all punishment, and from all torment, and I will never again send (them) upon it from generation to generation and for ever.
11 (1) And in those days I will open the store chambers of blessing which are in the heaven, so as to send (2) them down upon the earth over the work and labour of the children of men. And truth and peace will be associated together throughout all the days of the world and throughout all the generations of men.
Dream vision: Enoch’s intercession for the fallen angels (chapters 12-16)
12 (1) Before these things Enoch was hidden, and no one of the children of men knew where he was (2) hidden, and where he was, and what had become of him. And his activities had to do with the Watchers, and his days were with the holy ones. (3) And I Enoch was blessing the Lord of majesty and the King of the ages, and lo! the Watchers (4) called me — Enoch the scribe — and said to me: ‘Enoch, you scribe of righteousness, go, declare to the Watchers of the heaven who have left the high heaven, the holy eternal place, and have defiled themselves with women, and have done as the children of earth do, and have taken to themselves (5) wives: “You have done great destruction on the earth: And you will have no peace nor forgiveness (6) of sin: and inasmuch as they delight themselves in their children, The murder of their beloved ones will they see, and over the destruction of their children will they lament, and will make supplication to eternity, but mercy and peace will you not attain.”’
13 (1) And Enoch went and said: ‘Azazel, you shalt have no peace: a severe sentence has gone forth (2) against you to put you in bonds: And you shalt not have toleration nor request granted to you, because of the unrighteousness which you have taught, and because of all the works of godlessness (3) and unrighteousness and sin which you have shown to men.’ Then I went and spoke to them all (4) together, and they were all afraid, and fear and trembling seized them. And they besought me to draw up a petition for them that they might find forgiveness, and to read their petition in the presence (5) of the Lord of heaven. For from that time they could not speak (with Him) nor lift up their (6) eyes to heaven for shame of their sins for which they had been condemned. Then I wrote out their petition, and the prayer in regard to their spirits and their deeds individually and in regard to their (7) requests that they should have forgiveness and length. And I went off and sat down at the waters of Dan, in the land of Dan, to the south of the west of Hermon: I read their petition until I fell (8) asleep. And behold a dream came to me, and visions fell down upon me, and I saw visions of chastisement, and a voice came bidding (me) I to tell it to the sons of heaven, and reprimand them. (9) And when I awaked, I came to them, and they were all sitting gathered together, weeping in (10) ‘Abelsjail, which is between Lebanon and Seneser, with their faces covered. And I recounted before them all the visions which I had seen in sleep, and I began to speak the words of righteousness, and to reprimand the heavenly Watchers.
14 (1) The book of the words of righteousness, and of the reprimand of the eternal Watchers in accordance (2) with the command of the Holy Great One in that vision. I saw in my sleep what I will now say with a tongue of flesh and with the breath of my mouth: which the Great One has given to men to (3) converse therewith and understand with the heart. As He has created and given to man the power of understanding the word of wisdom, so hath He created me also and given me the power of reprimanding (4) the Watchers, the children of heaven. I wrote out your petition, and in my vision it appeared thus, that your petition will not be granted to you throughout all the days of eternity, and that judgement (5) has been finally passed upon you: (your petition) will not be granted to you. And from henceforth you will not ascend into heaven to all eternity, and in bonds of the earth the decree (6) has gone forth to bind you for all the days of the world. And (that) previously you will have seen the destruction of your beloved sons and you will have no pleasure in them, but they will fall before (7) you by the sword. And your petition on their behalf will not be granted, nor yet on your own: even though you weep and pray and speak all the words contained in the writing which I have (8) written. And the vision was shown to me thus: Behold, in the vision clouds invited me and a mist summoned me, and the course of the stars and the lightnings sped and hastened me, and the winds in (9) the vision caused me to fly and lifted me upward, and bore me into heaven. And I went in until I drew near to a wall which is built of crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire: and it began to make me frightened (10) me. And I went into the tongues of fire and drew near to a large house which was built of crystals: and the walls of the house were like a mosaic floor made of crystals, and its groundwork was (11) of crystal. Its ceiling was like the path of the stars and the lightnings, and between them were (12) fiery cherubim, and their heaven was (clear as) water. A flaming fire surrounded the walls, and its (13) portals blazed with fire. And I entered into that house, and it was hot as fire and cold as ice: there (14) were no delights of life therein: fear covered me, and trembling got hold upon me. And as I quaked (15) and trembled, I fell upon my face. And I beheld a vision, And lo! there was a second house, greater (1)6 than the former, and the entire portal stood open before me, and it was built of flames of fire. And in every respect it so excelled in splendour and magnificence and extent that I cannot describe to (17) you its splendour and its extent. And its floor was of fire, and above it were lightnings and the path (18) of the stars, and its ceiling also was flaming fire. And I looked and saw therein a lofty throne: its appearance was as crystal, and the wheels thereof as the shining sun, and there was the vision of (19) cherubim. And from underneath the throne came streams of flaming fire so that I could not look (20) at it. And the Great Glory sat on it, and His raiment shone more brightly than the sun and (21) was whiter than any snow. None of the angels could enter and could behold His face by reason (22) of the magnificence and glory and no flesh could behold Him. The flaming fire was round about Him, and a great fire stood before Him, and none around could draw near Him: ten thousand times (23) ten thousand stood before Him, yet He needed no counselor. And the most holy ones who were (24) near to Him did not leave by night nor depart from Him. And until then I had been prostrate on my face, trembling: and the Lord called me with His own mouth, and said to me: ‘ Come here, (25) Enoch, and hear my word.’ And one of the holy ones came to me and waked me, and He made me rise up and approach the door: and I bowed my face downwards.
15 (1) And He answered and said to me, and I heard His voice: ‘Fear not, Enoch, you righteous (2) man and scribe of righteousness: approach here and hear my voice. And go, say to the Watchers of heaven, who have sent you to intercede for them: “You should intercede” for men, and not men (3) for you: Wherefore have you left the high, holy, and eternal heaven, and lain with women, and defiled yourselves with the daughters of men and taken to yourselves wives, and done like the children (4) of earth, and begotten giants (as your) sons? And though you were holy, spiritual, living the eternal life, you have defiled yourselves with the blood of women, and have begotten children with the blood of flesh, and, as the children of men, have lusted after flesh and blood as those also do who die (5) and perish. Therefore have I given them wives also that they might impregnate them, and beget (6) children by them, that thus nothing might be wanting to them on earth. But you were formerly (7) spiritual, living the eternal life, and immortal for all generations of the world. And therefore I have not appointed wives for you; for as for the spiritual ones of the heaven, in heaven is their dwelling. (8) And now, the giants, who are produced from the spirits and flesh, will be called evil spirits upon (9) the earth, and on the earth will be their dwelling. Evil spirits have proceeded from their bodies; because they are born from men and from the holy Watchers is their beginning and primal origin; (10) they will be evil spirits on earth, and evil spirits will they be called. [As for the spirits of heaven, in heaven will be their dwelling, but as for the spirits of the earth which were born upon the earth, on the earth will be their dwelling.] And the spirits of the giants afflict, oppress, destroy, attack, do battle, and work destruction on the earth, and cause trouble: they take no food, but nevertheless (12) hunger and thirst, and cause offences. And these spirits will rise up against the children of men and against the women, because they have proceeded from them.
16 (1) From the days of the slaughter and destruction and death of the giants, from the souls of whose flesh the spirits, having gone forth, will destroy without incurring judgement. Thus will they destroy until the day of the consummation, the great judgement in which the age will be (2) consummated, over the Watchers and the godless will be wholly consummated.” And now as to the watchers who have sent you to intercede for them, who had previously been in heaven, say (3) to them: “You have been in heaven, but all the mysteries had not yet been revealed to you, and you knew worthless ones, and these in the hardness of your hearts you have made known to the women, and through these mysteries women and men work much evil on earth.” (4) Say to them therefore: “You have no peace.”’
Enoch’s journeys (chapters 17-36)
First journey (chapters 17-20)
17 (1) And they took and brought me to a place in which those who were there were like flaming fire, (2) and, when they wished, they appeared as men. And they brought me to the place of darkness, and to a mountain the point of whose summit reached to heaven. And I saw the places of the luminaries and the treasuries of the stars and of the thunder and in the uttermost depths, where were (4) a fiery bow and arrows and their quiver, and a fiery sword and all the lightnings. And they took (5) me to the living waters, and to the fire of the west, which receives every setting of the sun. And I came to a river of fire in which the fire flows like water and discharges itself into the great sea towards (6) the west. I saw the great rivers and came to the great river and to the great darkness, and went (7) to the place where no flesh walks. I saw the mountains of the darkness of winter and the place (8) whence all the waters of the deep flow. I saw the mouths of all the rivers of the earth and the mouth of the deep.
18 (1) I saw the treasuries of all the winds: I saw how He had furnished with them the whole creation (2) and the firm foundations of the earth. And I saw the corner-stone of the earth: I saw the four (3) winds which bear the earth and the firmament of the heaven. And I saw how the winds stretch out the vaults of heaven, and have their station between heaven and earth: these are the pillars (4) of the heaven. I saw the winds of heaven which turn and bring the circumference of the sun and (5) all the stars to their setting. I saw the winds on the earth carrying the clouds: I saw the paths (6) of the angels. I saw at the end of the earth the firmament of the heaven above. And I proceeded and saw a place which burns day and night, where there are seven mountains of magnificent stones, (7) three towards the east, and three towards the south. And as for those towards the east, was of coloured stone, and one of pearl, and one of jacinth, and those towards the south of red stone. (8) But the middle one reached to heaven like the throne of God, of alabaster, and the summit of the (9-10)throne was of sapphire. And I saw a flaming fire. And beyond these mountains is a region, the end of the great earth: there the heavens were completed. And I saw a deep abyss, with columns of heavenly fire, and among them I saw columns of fire fall, which were beyond measure alike towards (12) the height and towards the depth. And beyond that abyss I saw a place which had no firmament of the heaven above, and no firmly founded earth beneath it: there was no water upon it, and no (13) birds, but it was a waste and horrible place. I saw there seven stars like great burning mountains, (14) and to me, when I inquired regarding them, The angel said: ‘This place is the end of heaven and earth: this has become a prison for the stars and the host of heaven. And the stars which roll over the fire are they which have transgressed the commandment of the Lord in the beginning of (1)6 their rising, because they did not come forth at their appointed times. And He was wroth with them, and bound them until the time when their guilt should be consummated (even) for ten thousand years.’
19 (1) And Uriel said to me: ‘Here will stand the angels who have connected themselves with women, and their spirits assuming many different forms are defiling mankind and will lead them astray into sacrificing to demons as gods, here will they stand, until the day of the great judgement in (2) which they will be judged until they are made an end of. And the women also of the angels who (3) went astray will become sirens.’ And I, Enoch, alone saw the vision, the ends of all things: and no man will see as I have seen.
20 (1-2) And these are the names of the holy angels who watch. Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is (3) over the world and over Tartarus. Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of men. (4-5) Raguel, one of the holy angels who takes vengeance on the world of the luminaries. Michael, one (6) of the holy angels, to wit, he that is set over the best part of mankind and over chaos. Saraqael, (7) one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits, who sin in the spirit. Gabriel, one of the holy (8) angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim. Remiel, one of the holy angels, whom God set over those who rise.
Second journey (chapters 21-36)
21 (1-2) And I proceeded to where things were chaotic. And I saw there something horrible: I saw neither (3) a heaven above nor a firmly founded earth, but a place chaotic and horrible. And there I saw (4) seven stars of the heaven bound together in it, like great mountains and burning with fire. Then (5) I said: ‘For what sin are they bound, and on what account have they been cast in here?’ Then said Uriel, one of the holy angels, who was with me, and was chief over them, and said: ‘Enoch, why (6) do you ask, and why art you eager for the truth? These are of the number of the stars of heaven, which have transgressed the commandment of the Lord, and are bound here until ten thousand years, (7) the time entailed by their sins, are consummated.’ And from there I went to another place, which was still more horrible than the former, and I saw a horrible thing: a great fire there which burnt and blazed, and the place was cleft as far as the abyss, being full of great descending columns of (8) fire: neither its extent or magnitude could I see, nor could I conjecture. Then I said: ‘How (9) fearful is the place and how terrible to look upon!’ Then Uriel answered me, one of the holy angels who was with me, and said to me: ‘Enoch, why have you such fear and are frightened?’ And (10) I answered: ‘Because of this fearful place, and because of the spectacle of the pain.’ And he said to me: ‘This place is the prison of the angels, and here they will be imprisoned for ever.’
22 (1) And from there I went to another place, and he mountain and of hard rock. (2) And there was in it four hollow places, deep and wide and very smooth. How smooth are the hollow places and deep and dark to look at. (3) Then Raphael answered, one of the holy angels who was with me, and said to me: ‘These hollow places have been created for this very purpose, that the spirits of the souls of the dead should (4) assemble therein, so that all the souls of the children of men should assemble here. And these places have been made to receive them until the day of their judgement and until their appointed period until the appointed period, until the great judgement comes upon them.’ I saw the spirit of a dead man making suit, (5) and his voice went forth to heaven and made suit. And I asked Raphael the angel who was (6) with me, and I said to him: ‘This spirit which makes suit, whose is it, whose voice goes forth and makes suit to heaven ?’ (7) And he answered me saying: ‘This is the spirit which went forth from Abel, whom his brother Cain slew, and he makes his suit against him until his seed is destroyed from the face of the earth, and his seed is annihilated from amongst the seed of men.’ (8) The I asked regarding it, and regarding all the hollow places: ‘Why is one separated from the other?’ (9) And he answered me and said to me: ‘These three have been made that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And such a division has been make for the spirits of the righteous, in which there is the bright spring of (10) water. And such has been made for sinners when they die and are buried in the earth and judgement has not been executed on them in their (11) lifetime. Here their spirits will be set apart in this great pain until the great day of judgement and punishment and torment of those who curse for ever and retribution for their spirits. There (12) He will bind them for ever. And such a division has been made for the spirits of those who make their suit, who make disclosures concerning their destruction, when they were slain in the days (13) of the sinners. Such has been made for the spirits of men who were not righteous but sinners, who were complete in transgression, and of the transgressors they will be companions: but their spirits will not be slain in the day of judgement nor will they be raised from there.’ (14) The I blessed the Lord of glory and said: ‘Blessed be my Lord, the Lord of righteousness, who rules for ever.’
23 (1-2) From there I went to another place to the west of the ends of the earth. And I saw a burning (3) fire which ran without resting, and paused not from its course day or night but (ran) regularly. And (4) I asked saying: ‘What is this which rests not?’ Then Raguel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me and said to me: ‘This course of fire which you have seen is the fire in the west which persecutes all the luminaries of heaven.’
24 (1) And from there I went to another place of the earth, and he showed me a mountain range of (2) fire which burnt day and night. And I went beyond it and saw seven magnificent mountains all differing each from the other, and the stones were magnificent and beautiful, magnificent as a whole, of glorious appearance and fair exterior: three towards the east, one founded on the other, and three towards the south, one upon the other, and deep rough ravines, no one of which (3) joined with any other. And the seventh mountain was in the midst of these, and it excelled them (4) in height, resembling the seat of a throne: and fragrant trees encircled the throne. And amongst them was a tree such as I had never yet smelt, neither was any amongst them nor were others like it: it had a fragrance beyond all fragrance, and its leaves and blooms and wood wither not for ever: (5) and its fruit is beautiful, and its fruit n resembles the dates of a palm. Then I said: ‘How beautiful is this tree, and fragrant, and its leaves are fair, and its blooms very delightful in appearance.’ (6) Then answered Michael, one of the holy and honoured angels who was with me, and was their leader.
25 (1) And he said to me: ‘Enoch, why do you ask me regarding the fragrance of the tree, (2) and why do you wish to learn the truth?’ Then I answered him saying: ‘I wish to (3) know about everything, but especially about this tree.’ And he answered saying: ‘This high mountain which you have seen, whose summit is like the throne of God, is His throne, where the Holy Great One, the Lord of Glory, the Eternal King, will sit, when He will come down to visit (4) the earth with goodness. And as for this fragrant tree no mortal is permitted to touch it until the great judgement, when He will take vengeance on all and bring (everything) to its consummation (5) for ever. It will then be given to the righteous and holy. Its fruit will be for food to the elect: it will be transplanted to the holy place, to the temple of the Lord, the Eternal King.6 Then will they rejoice with joy and be glad,And into the holy place will they enter; and its fragrance will be in their bones, and they will live a long life on earth, such as your fathers lived: And in their days will no sorrow or plague or torment or calamity touch them.’(7) Then blessed I the God of Glory, the Eternal King, who hath prepared such things for the righteous, and hath created them and promised to give to them.
26 (1) And I went from there to the middle of the earth, and I saw a blessed place in which there were (2) trees with branches abiding and blooming [of a dismembered tree]. And there I saw a holy mountain, (3) and underneath the mountain to the east there was a stream and it flowed towards the south. And I saw towards the east another mountain higher than this, and between them a deep and narrow (4) ravine: in it also ran a stream underneath the mountain. And to the west thereof there was another mountain, lower than the former and of small elevation, and a ravine deep and dry between them: and another deep and dry ravine was at the extremities of the three mountains. And all the ravines were deep and narrow, (being formed) of hard rock, and trees were not planted upon (6) them. And I marveled at the rocks, and I marveled at the ravine, yes, I marveled very much.
27 (1) Then said I: ‘For what object is this blessed land, which is entirely filled with trees, and this (2) accursed valley between?’ Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered and said: ‘This accursed valley is for those who are accursed for ever: Here will all the accursed be gathered together who utter with their lips against the Lord unseemly words and of His glory speak hard things. Here will they be gathered together, and here (3) will be their place of judgement. In the last days there will be upon them the spectacle of righteous judgement in the presence of the righteous for ever: here will the merciful bless the Lord of glory, the Eternal King. (4) In the days of judgement over the former, they will bless Him for the mercy in accordance with (5) which He has assigned them their lot.’ Then I blessed the Lord of Glory and set forth His glory and lauded Him gloriously.
28 (1) And from there I went towards the east, into the midst of the mountain range of the desert, and (2) I saw a wilderness and it was solitary, full of trees and plants. And water gushed forth from (3) above. Rushing like a copious watercourse which flowed towards the north-west it caused clouds and dew to ascend on every side.
29 (1) And from there I went to another place in the desert, and approached to the east of this mountain (2) range. And there I saw aromatic trees exhaling the fragrance of frankincense and myrrh, and the trees also were similar to the almond tree.
30 (1-2) And beyond these, I went afar to the east, and I saw another place, a valley (full) of water. And (3) therein there was a tree, the colour (?) of fragrant trees such as the mastic. And on the sides of those valleys I saw fragrant cinnamon. And beyond these I proceeded to the east.
31 (1) And I saw other mountains, and amongst them were groves of trees, and there flowed forth from (2) them nectar, which is named sarara and galbanum. And beyond these mountains I saw another mountain to the east of the ends of the earth, whereon were aloe-trees, and all the trees were full (3) of stacte, being like almond-trees. And when one burnt it, it smelt sweeter than any fragrant odour.
32 (1) And after these fragrant odours, as I looked towards the north over the mountains I saw seven mountains full of choice nard and fragrant trees and cinnamon and pepper. (2) And from there I went over the summits of all these mountains, far towards the east of the earth, and passed above the Erythraean sea and went far from it, and passed over the angel Zotiel. And I came to the Garden of Righteousness, (3) I and from afar off trees more numerous than I these trees and great-two trees there, very great, beautiful, and glorious, and magnificent, and the tree of knowledge, whose holy fruit they eat and know great wisdom. (4) That tree is in height like the fir, and its leaves are like those of the Carob tree: and its fruit (5) is like the clusters of the vine, very beautiful: and the fragrance of the tree penetrates afar. Then (6) I said: ‘How beautiful is the tree, and how attractive is its look!’ Then Raphael the holy angel, who was with me, answered me and said: ‘This is the tree of wisdom, of which your father old in years and your aged mother, who were before you, have eaten, and they learned wisdom and their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked and they were driven out of the garden.’
33 (1) And from there I went to the ends of the earth and saw there great beasts, and each differed from the other; and (I saw) birds also differing in appearance and beauty and voice, the one differing from the other. And to the east of those beasts I saw the ends of the earth whereon the heaven (2) rests, and the portals of the heaven open. And I saw how the stars of heaven come forth, and (3) I counted the portals out of which they proceed, and wrote down all their outlets, of each individual star by itself, according to their number and their names, their courses and their positions, and their (4) times and their months, as Uriel the holy angel who was with me showed me. He showed all things to me and wrote them down for me: also their names he wrote for me, and their laws and their companies.
34 (1) And from there I went towards the north to the ends of the earth, and there I saw a great and (2) glorious device at the ends of the whole earth. And here I saw three portals of heaven open in the heaven: through each of them proceed north winds: when they blow there is cold, hail, frost, (3) snow, dew, and rain. And out of one portal they blow for good: but when they blow through the other two portals, it is with violence and affliction on the earth, and they blow with violence.
35 (1) And from there I went towards the west to the ends of the earth, and saw there three portals of the heaven open such as I had seen in the east, the same number of portals, and the same number of outlets.
36 (1) And from there I went to the south to the ends of the earth, and saw there three open portals (2) of the heaven: and from there there come dew, rain, and wind. And from there I went to the east to the ends of the heaven, and saw here the three eastern portals of heaven open and small portals (3) above them. Through each of these small portals pass the stars of heaven and run their course to the west on the path which is shown to them. And as often as I saw I blessed always the Lord of Glory, and I continued to bless the Lord of Glory who has done great and glorious wonders, to show the greatness of His work to the angels and to spirits and to men, that they might praise His work and all His creation: that they might see the work of His might and praise the great work of His hands and bless Him for ever.