Researchers at MIT have developed a new type of nanoparticle that can synthesize proteins on demand. Acting as a “protein-factory”, these particles can be activated once they reach their targets by shining ultraviolet light on them. The particles could be used to deliver small proteins including toxic drugs and eventually larger proteins such as antibodies.
The nanoparticles self-assemble from a mixture that includes lipids, ribosomes, amino acids and the enzymes needed for protein synthesis. Also included in the mixture are DNA sequences for the desired proteins. The DNA is trapped by a chemical compound called DMNPE, which reversibly binds to it. This compound releases the DNA when exposed to ultraviolet light, after which protein synthesis starts.
In the proof-of-concept study, particles were programmed to produce either green fluorescent protein or luciferase, both of which are easily detected, and initial tests in mice proved successful. The main application the researchers think of in humans is local delivery of highly toxic drugs such as those used in cancer treatment. To this end they are also working on new ways to activate the nanoparticles based on such parameters as acidity levels or other specific biological conditions. The research was published recently in the journal NanoLetters.
Abstract in Nanoletters: Remotely-activated protein-producing nanoparticles…