Arbitration Agreements.-In 1904-05, Secretary of State John Hay negotiated a number of contracts for general arbitration of international disputes. Article II of the Treaty with Great Britain provides, for example, that “in each particular case, the High Contracting Parties enter into a specific agreement before being called before the Permanent Court of Arbitration, clearly specifying the issue and the extent of the powers of the arbitrators and setting the deadlines for the formation of the arbitration tribunal and the various stages of the proceedings.” 410 The Senate approved the British treaty by a constitutional majority, after first amended it by “agreement” by imposing the word “treaty.” President Theodore Roosevelt, who called “ratification” a rejection, sent the treaties to the archives. “According to Dr. McClure, the compromises in which disputes have been negotiated include contracts and executive agreements in good numbers,” 411 a statement supported by Willoughby and Moore. 412 The U.S. Supreme Court, United States v. Pink (1942) found that international executive agreements, validly concluded, have the same legal status as treaties and do not require Senate approval. To Reid v. Concealed (1957), the Tribunal, while reaffirming the President`s ability to enter into executive agreements, found that such agreements could not be contrary to existing federal law or the Constitution. The United Nations Participation Act of 20 December 1945 implements the following provisions: “The President is authorized to negotiate with the Security Council a specific agreement or agreement subject to the approval of Congress by a joint law or resolution providing for the number and types of armed forces, their degree of availability and their general location. , including transit rights that must be made available to the Security Council at its request to maintain international peace and security, in accordance with Article 43 of this Charter. The President is not considered to be the authorization given by Congress to provide the Security Council, at its request, measures under Article 42 of the Charter and, in accordance with these special agreements or arrangements, the armed forces, facilities or assistance provided for them: provided there is no content, it should be interpreted as congressional authorization to make armed men available to the Security Council for this purpose.
, facilities or assistance in addition to the armed forces, facilities and assistance services provided by these special agreements or arrangements. 414 The Lend-Lease Act.– The most important power congress has ever given to the president for the transfer of executive agreements took place in the field of the cognate powers of the two divisions, the field of foreign relations, and took place at a time when the war seemed to be at the beginning and only a few months away. The aforementioned law is the Lend-Lease Act of March 11, 1941, 407, by which the President was authorized for a little more than two years – then for additional periods – and then for additional periods – if he deemed it in the interest of national defence to do so – to “approve the Minister of War, the Secretary of the Navy or the head of another division or agency of the government.” for manufacturing in arsenals. , state factories and shipyards, or “purchase,” to the extent available means available, “defence items” – later modified to accommodate food and industrial products – and “sell, lend, lend or other products,” the same as the “government of a country whose defence is vital to the defence of the United States and under all conditions.” As part of this authorization, the United States entered into mutual aid agreements in which the government provided its allies during World War II with $40 billion worth of ammunition and other supplies.