Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller using CCP Module
PWM is a technique used to generate analog output signal using digital signals. It is commonly used to control average power delivered to a load, motor speed control, generating analog voltage levels and for generating analog waveforms.
CCP Modules are available with a number of PIC Microcontrollers. CCP stands for Capture/Compare/PWM. Using PWM module is far more easier and cost effective than using extra chips for PWM generation. MikroC Pro for PIC Microcontroller provide built-in library for PWM which makes our task very simple.
- PWM1_Init(constant long frequency) : This function initializes the PWM module with duty ratio 0. Frequency parameter is the desired frequency in Hz. It should be a numeric constant, should not be a variable.
- PWM1_Set_Duty(unsigned short duty_ratio) : This function is used to set the duty cycle of the PWM. The parameter duty_ratio takes values from 0 to 255, ie 0 means 0% , 127 means 50% and 255 means 100% duty cycle. The PWM1_Init() routine must be called before using this.
- PWM1_Start() : This function starts the PWM output. PWM1_Init() must be called before calling this routine,
- PWM1_Stop() : This function stops the PWM output. PWM1_Init() must be called before calling this routine. PWM1_Start() should be called before calling this function otherwise calling this function will not have any effect as PWM module is not running.
Note 1 : For microcontrollers with more than one CCP module, to use the desired CCP module for PWM generation simply change the number “1” in the prototype with desired module number. eg: PWM2_Init(5000), PWM2_Start().
Note 2 : All PWM modules in a PIC Microcontroller uses Timer 2 for its operation, so you cannot set different frequencies for different PWM modules.
In this tutorial we are using PIC 16F877A for demonstrating PWM generation using CCP module. PIC 16F877A contains two CCP modules.
Circuit Diagram – Using internal PWM Module of PIC
In the below circuit four switches are provided for controlling the Duty Ratio of PWM generated by two CCP modules of the PIC Microcontroller.
- Switch 1 : To increase the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP1
- Switch 2 : To decrease the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP1
- Switch 3 : To increase the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP2
- Switch 4 : To decrease the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP2
For more detail: Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller using CCP Module
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