Among the huge number of military awards that existed in different periods of Russian history, the george cross has always held a special place. Soldier george's cross can be called the most massive award of the Russian empire, because they noted the lower ranks of the army and navy of russia. In 1769 the empress catherine ii,paying tribute to the military glory of the Russian army, established the award given exclusively for combat service. "As the Russian empire glory, – was stated in its statute, is chiefly spread, and lifted vernosti, hrabrosti and prudent conduct of military rank: the special features of our imperial mercy to the servants in our army, rewarding them for their from them in many cases, we and our ancestors zeal and service, and to encourage them in the art of war, we decided to establish a new military order. To be called will be the order of this military holy great martyr and conqueror george on the order". However, there was one problem: at the time the order was not just a decoration on the chest, but also a symbol of social status.
He emphasized the noble status of its owner, therefore, to award them the lower ranks was impossible. In 1807, Russian emperor alexander i presented the note with a proposal to establish some kind of award for the lower ranks who had distinguished themselves on the battlefield. The emperor considered this proposal is quite reasonable, ithaca the award was established 13 (25) february 1807 the highest manifest. It was called – the mark of distinction of the military order of the holy great martyr and pobedonostsa george. Portrait of alexander i, founded the badge of the military order of st. Great martyr and pobedonostsa george.
Ok. 1835 artist v. A. Golike. This award was a silver cross without enamel, which was worn on st.
George black-and-yellow ribbon on the chest. In the first rules of distinction, stated: "This distinction is acquired only in the field of battle, in the defense of fortresses and battles of the sea. It is awarded to only those of the lower ranks of the military who, while serving in the Russian land and naval forces, will really show their outstanding courage in the struggle with the enemy". To earn the badge – soldier's george cross was possible, only having made a combat feat, for example, capturing the enemy flag or standard, capturing an enemy officer or general, the first entering during the storming an enemy fortress or when boarding on board of the enemy ship. To receive this award could lower the rank, saved in combat the life of his commander. Rewarding soldier george gave benefits distinguished: boost-thirds salary, outstanding and subject to retirement (after the death of a knight his widow in the year been entitled to receive); the prohibition of the use of corporal punishment to the persons having the insignia of the order; the translation of the cavaliers of st.
George's cross non-commissioned officer ranks of the army regiments in the guard saving their former rank, though guards non-commissioned officer was considered at two rank above the army. Since the establishment of the badge of the military order, in addition to the official, has received several names: george cross 5th degree, soldier george ("Egor"). The cross of st. George no. 1 received a non-commissioned officer in the cavalry guards regiment yegor ivanovich metuchen (mitrokhin) who distinguished themselves in battle with the french at friedland 2(14) june 1807, along with him were awarded another 3 people, who, like him, the orderlies of the head of the cavalry detachment of general-adjutant f.
P. Uvarov. Is vasily Mikhailovich Mikhailov, sergeant of the pskov dragoon regiment (sign no. 2), karp savelyevich ovcharenko, a non-commissioned officer in the cavalry guards regiment (sign no.
3) and nicephorus k. Ovcharenko, the ordinary of the pskov dragoon regiment (sign # 4). Cross no. 5 was awarded the ordinary ekaterinoslav dragoon regiment prokhor f.
Trehalose "For the french repulsed the Russian and prussian prisoners at the town of willendorf". Awarded honors Mikhailov, ovcharenko and trihalo was after the battle transferred to the horse guards. With the establishment of the soldiers ' cross of the degrees had and were minted from silver 95-th sample. There were also restrictions on the number of awards per person. The new cross was not granted, but every rewarding salary increased by a third, to double the salary.
Decree of 15(27) july 1808 gentlemen of distinction of the military order were exempted from corporal punishment. The badge could be withdrawn from awarded only by the court with mandatory notification of the emperor. During the military campaigns in 1807-1811, he produced 12 871 award of distinction. Among the awardees and the famous "Cavalry maiden" nadezhda durova (sign no. 5723), and began service the simple lancer and marked nardoza salvation from the death of his chief in the battle of gutshtadtom in may 1807, a well-known fact that the sign of distinction of the military order was awarded to the french soldiers.
It happened at the conclusion in the 1807 peace of tilsit between Russia and France. During the meeting of alexander i and napoleon's emperors exchanged awards for best soldier, who became for a short time friendly to the french and Russian armies. French soldiers received soldiers ' "Egory", and Russian soldiers of the preobrazhensky regiment alexey lazarev was awarded the legion of honor. During this period, there were facts of awarding insignia of the military order civilians of the lower classes, but without the right to be called a knight of the insignia. One of the first was awarded to kola pomor matvey gerasimov.
In 1810, when it was the english-russian war of 1807-1812. The ship on which he had been carrying a cargo of flour, was captured by an english warship. On the Russian ship whose crew was 9 people, was planted with a team of eight british soldiers led by an officer. 11 days after the capture, taking advantage of the rainy weather on the way to england, gerasimov with his comrades took the british prisoner, forcing him to give up and their commanding officer, then brought the ship to the norwegian port of vardø, where the prisoners were interned. The number of lower ranks who have received the mark of distinction of the military order of the room is nine thousand.
In january 1809, introduced the numbering of the crosses and name lists. Bessmertnoi insignia of the military order. The obverse and reverse sides. The most difficult years for russia, when the people, driven by a sense of patriotism, rose to the defense of the fatherland, and observed the greatest number of st. George soldiers ' awards. Much were rewarding the soldiers ' "Egorov" in the period of the patriotic war of 1812 and foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814 statistics awards by year is significant:1812 – 6783 awards;1813 – 8611 awards;1814 – 9345 awards;1815 – 3983 awards. For borodino, the insignia of the military order received 39 of the lower ranks of the rostov grenadier regiment.
Among them – the non-commissioned officer jacob protopopov, sergeant konstantin bobrov; ordinary – sergey Mikhailov and peter ushakov. Among the marked distinction of the military order of borodino was a non-commissioned officer in the life guards preobrazhensky regiment fedor chernyayev. By this time he was in the army for almost 35 years: participated in the capture of ochakov and izmail during the russo-turkish war of 1787-1791, in 1805 was awarded the anna's sign, after the battle of borodino he was involved in kolskom the battle of 1813 and the campaign was completed in 1814 to paris. During the assault on the posts in october of 1812 soldier regiment villmanstrand ilya starostenko seized the banner of the Westphalian infantry regiment.
On presentation kutuzov, he was promoted to non-commissioned officers and was awarded the george cross. He distinguished himself in the battle of borodino and corporal of leyb-guards of the finnish regiment leonty korennoy, manifested itself by the fact that"During the battle with the enemy were in the hands and repeatedly denied his growing chain, affecting much. Than knocking the enemy hath put him to flight. " for his heroism, the life-guardsman received before the formation of fellow soldiers soldier george no. 16 970. Another feat worthy of the george cross, grenadier native made on the "Battle of nations" at leipzig in october 1813, to save his colleagues. The deed of the grenadier leonty indigenous at leipzig in 1813, a fragment of a painting hood. P.
I. Babayev. During a battle with the french in the soldiers ' ranks during the "Battle of nations" at leipzig, the emperor alexander i mark of distinction of the military order awarded favorite parts of the guard of count m. A. Miloradovich. Among the participants of the patriotic war soldiers ' st.
George crosses were awarded two future decembrists m. I. Muraviev-apostol and i. D.
Yakushkin, who fought at borodino in the rank of ensigns. In the future, for participation in the wars against napoleon in 1813-1815. Distinction and was awarded the soldiers of the armies allied with Russia in the fight against napoleonic France: the prussians – 1921 rewarding, swedes – 200, austrians 170, representatives of different german states – 70, english – 15. During the period of the reign of alexander i was made 46 527 awarding of the george cross. In december 1833, the regulations on the insignia of the military order was established in the new statute of the order of st. George. In 1839 in honor of the 25th anniversary of the conclusion of the paris peace jubilee was established a kind of sign. From the former it is distinguished by the presence of the monogram of alexander i on the upper beam of the reverse.
This medal was awarded to veterans of the prussian army, participating in wars with napoleon. There were delivered 4264 such marks. Commemorative badge of the military order in honour of the 25th anniversary of the conclusion of the paris peace. It was given to the veterans of the prussian army, participating in wars with napoleon. 1839 in august 1844 the emperor nicholas i signed a decree establishing a special st.
George's cross for rewarding individuals of non-christian religion. This is a cross is a christian story with saint george, striking snake, depicted a black double-headed eagle. While muslim awarded frequently insisted on the issuance of ordinary cross with saint george, seeing it as a reward "With the horseman as they sa.
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