THE proportion of disabled people is rising and now stands at 1 billion, accounting for 15 per cent of the world's population, according to the first official global report on disability.
An ageing population and an increase in chronic health conditions, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, mean the proportion of people with disabilities has grown from an estimated 10 per cent in the 1970s.
Despite a robust disability rights movement and a shift towards inclusion, disabled people remain second-class citizens, according to a report by the World Health Organisation and the World Bank. One in five experience ''significant difficulties''.
Disabled people in developed countries are three times more likely to be denied healthcare than other people. Children with disabilities are less likely to start or stay in school than other children, while employment rates are at 44 per cent, compared with 75 per cent for people without disabilities in developed countries, the report found.
Barriers include stigma, discrimination, lack of adequate healthcare and rehabilitation services, and inaccessible transport, buildings and information. In developing countries the picture is even worse.
One of the authors of the World Report on Disability, Tom Shakespeare, said: ''The clear message from the report is that there is no country that has got it right. Italy is a world leader in terms of inclusive education and de-institutionalisation of people with mental health problems but in other areas it is not. In the US the access is phenomenal - it is a civil rights issue. However, if you are looking at poverty and employment it is not good.
''Disabled people do not need to be poor and excluded; they do not need to be segregated. They do not need to be second-class citizens.''
One of the most ''shocking and powerful'' issues to come out of the report, Mr Shakespeare said, was the discrimination in healthcare.
The Director-General of the WHO, Dr Margaret Chan, said disability was part of the human condition. ''Almost every one of us will be permanently or temporarily disabled at some point in life. We must do more to break the barriers which segregate people with disabilities, in many cases forcing them to the margins of society.''
Professor Eric Emerson, from the Centre for Disability Research at Lancaster University, England, said the findings on healthcare were not surprising.
''In the UK, there have been numerous independent reports documenting the systemic discrimination faced by people with disabilities, particularly people with learning disabilities. The health and well-being of disabled people is not simply as a direct result of their impairment. It's a result of the way that people with impairments are treated by society.''
Last year, the Life Opportunities Survey found many disabled people in Britain were isolated, cash-strapped and struggling to participate in normal activities, with one-fifth saying they suffered from so much anxiety and lack of confidence that they lacked the ability to work.
The World Health Organisation report, which did not compare countries directly but highlighted best practice, singled out Britain's Disability Discrimination Act 2005, which places a duty on public bodies to promote equality and its direct payment policies for disabled people, as an example of good practice.
But Mr Shakespeare said: ''The UK has done very well, due to its direct payment mechanisms, and benefits like independent living allowance and access to work. [But] it appears that many of these developments are under threat. The axing of the independent living fund and other changes to benefit appear to move away from what was a good situation.''
Liz Sayce, of the British disability campaigning organisation Radar, said: ''The UK has made some real progress and it's good to be reminded that there's something to celebrate, but the employment rate of disabled people has crept up by only 6 per cent in recent years to 47 per cent. But it is still only 47 per cent and many people are working below their potential.''
Tim Wainwright, from Action on Disability and Development International, said: ''We welcome the fact that there's a lot more clarity on the figures. It confirms that disabled people are the world's largest minority. Great strides have been made in making sure that women are included in international development programs. The next biggest group is disabled people.''
Guardian News & Media