Inoculation of citrus.
Grafting citrus room to accelerate the start of their fruiting and receive the fruits of higher quality. Usually inoculated citrus performed in two ways: "eye" (budding) or handle.
Can be vaccinated at each other citrus fruits of one type (for example, seedling lemon - lemon cultural seedling orange - cultural orange) and practiced different kinds of citrus grafting one to another (eg, lemon - an orange, grapefruit - on the lemon, Kinkan - on Mandarin).
For successful grafting citrus is optimal period of active sap flow, when the bark is well separated from the wood: April and beginning of May; be grafted citrus in August. Also, the key to success is the cleanliness, speed and accuracy of vaccination. Before vaccination need to prepare everything you need: the rootstock and the scion with a well-ripe wood, okulirovochny knife, elastic band, garden var.
Rootstock - a potted plant on which the vaccinated; they may be room seedling lemon, orange or grapefruit 1-2-3 years of age with trunks not less than 6 mm. The best of citrus rootstock seedlings considered orange as they give a good drought and growth (however, mandarin orange grafted on hard); undesirable grafting on deciduous Citrus trifoliata.
Scion - is the "eye" or stalk, which is grafted onto the rootstock; he is cut off immediately before inoculation with pre-cooked 1-2 year old twigs taken from fruiting crops. In twigs after separation from the plants remove thorns and leaf blades and petioles of leaves are left near the kidneys. Since the cut-off with the crop before the vaccination twig stored in a damp cloth, packed in a plastic bag.
Of two ways grafting is more simple and reliable budding - vaccination "eye" (April - sprouted "eye", and in August - "asleep"). Thoroughly clean wet cotton swab Barrel rootstock from dust at a height of about 5-7 cm from the ground, a sharp clean knife carefully make a T-shaped incision of the cortex of the stock, not touching the wood, first short transverse horizontal incision about 1 cm long, and from its center down - vertical longitudinal incision approximately 2.5 cm in length.
Crust formed corners slightly bent knife inserted into the incision and the "eye" cut from the prepared branches holding the saved near the kidney petiole. It is better to opt for vaccination ripened, well-formed kidney from the middle of the branches. Above and below the selected kidney (at a distance of 1.5 cm from it) on the bark of twigs make two short lateral resection.
Next, the oval cross-section with the kidney cortex between the notches, leaving a small margin of the cortex on the left and right of the kidney. When the cut "eye" with branches need to try to capture almost one bark, and the area under the kidney carefully cut with a piece of wood (a shield). To the inner surface of the cut "eye" can not touch with your fingers, so keep the cut for the petiole.
Inserted in the incision of the cortex of the stock oval cross-section with the kidney cortex of the stock cover corners, smoothing and pressing the edge of the crust from the sides and bottom to top for close contact to ensure a good fusion. Place vaccinations tightly wrapped with an elastic band at the top and bottom "eye" (without winding remains only a bud and leaf petiole).
After vaccination in a pot construct a "mini-teplichku" to create a favorable microclimate kidney; teplichku periodically aired. If the vaccine is not successful, petiole soon becomes black and dry on shield. Usually kidney survives in 2-3 weeks (indicated by yellowing and can be easily separated from the panel petiole); dense winding vaccinations weaken.
After sprouting buds sprout gradually accustom to the indoor air, increasing the time of airing teplichku; winding graft removed. After another 3 weeks, when a kidney graft has to grow escape trunk rootstock cut diagonally into 3 mm above the base of the shoot and cover section of garden pitch. For vertical growth Escape neatly tied to a stick in a pot set.
Barrel handle graft rootstock wipe dust and cut horizontally at a height of 5-7 cm from the ground. From the edge of the stump down longitudinal incision of the cortex length of about 1-1.5 cm, slightly bent corners bark knife and insert the cutting. To get a good cutting-prepared in advance of the cut off branches with ripe timber having 2-3 knots with full buds and leaf petioles; in the lower part of the stalk is oblique flat surface, approximately equal in length to cut the bark on the rootstock.
After the introduction of the lower part of the stalk under the bark of its cut must come into contact with the wood stock. Pressing the stalk to the stock, smooth sides and bottom to top corners and edges of the bark of the stock, pressing the crust to the bottom of the cutting. Place vaccinations tightly wrapped with an elastic band, and the upper section of hemp cover garden pitch.
After vaccination in a pot construct a "mini-teplichku" to create a favorable climate of cuttings; periodically teplichku airs. If vaccination is carried out successfully, the petioles of the handle will soon turn yellow and fall off (if they are blackened and withered, the graft did not take); winding vaccinations weaken. After germination winding kidney graft is removed and shoots gradually accustom to the indoor air, increasing each time airing teplichku.
Of grafted cuttings (which, in contrast to budding, sprouting is not one, but several of the kidneys) faster than from the "eye", is formed crown future trees. The graft of timely and regular cut to form a lush canopy. Appearing below the grafting "wild" shoots should immediately be removed.