Battle of Second Bull Run
Knowing that the forces of McClellan would soon arrive, Lee planned to attack and destroy Pope before the two armies join together. Before Lee could attack, Pope withdrew to a defensive area at the Rappahanock. To get Pope away from his defense, Lee attacked the Union right and cut off their supplies from them. Jackson soon came and was pursued by Pope. The chase ended at Groveton. The forces collided but Pope soon found out that he was no match for Jackson. Pope attempted to retreat and had to fight multiple forces that tried to flank him. The final battle was at Chantilly on the 1st of September. Pope managed to escape and now retreated to the capital defenses.
With the formation of a new army, the Confederates wanted to stop General Pope's movement before he can join forces with General McClellan and become a great threat.
Where & When
This battle occured from August 28-30 in 1862 at Groveton, Brawner's Farm in Prince William County, Virginia. This place was the same place where the Battle of First Bull Run occured and was where General Pope's supplies were.
Winner & Outcome
This battle ended with a Confederate victory. There were 13,824 casualties for the Union and 8,353 casualties for the Confederates. This battle allowed the Confederates to invade the North.
- Robert E. Lee
- Thomas Jackson
- 55,000 men
Battle of Chancellorsville
Newly appointed General Hooker was able to outmanuever the Confederate's General Lee. With Hooker's troops close by, Lee gathered his army and sent his regiments to keep Hooker in the wilderness. Early on May 2nd, "stonewall" Jackson moved about 30,000 troops to go and flank the Union right while Lee engaged the main forces with the remaining 15,000 troops. The plan succeeded and the North retreated for two miles. The South then started to charge towards the North. Unfortunately, during this march, one of the Confederate's companies accidentally fired at Jackson and put him into critical condition. The fighting went on and with Hooker abandoning key ground positions, the Confederates pushed back the Union more and more. By the next day, the Confederates were able to break the last Union defense. The Union was defeated but the gathering of the Union was delayed when Lee had to go and assist in a battle not to far away.
The Union army was in its best condition and stronger than ever because of newly appointed General Hooker. Because of this, Hooker decided to attack General Lee.
Where & When
This battle occured from April 30 to May 6 in 1863 at Chancellorsville, Spotsylvania County, Virginia. This place was only a few miles east of Fredericksburg.
Winner & Outcome
This battle ended with a Confederate victory. There were 17,304 casualties for the Union and 13,460 for the Confederates. The number of dead men was a great loss but the biggest was the death of "stonewall" Jackson. His death shook the whole country.
- Robert E. Lee
- Thomas Jackson
- 57,352 men
Surrender at Appomattox
On April 9, 1865, about 9,000 Confederate troops attacked Union troops. The Union troops were outnumbered and retreated, temporarily opening a path. A little bit later, Union troops came and surrounded the Confederates. The plan to encircle the Confederates of Union General Ulysses S. Grant was coming close to completion. Before the encircling was complete, General Lee told his troops to retreat. With Union troops fighting little by little, General Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia and called for negotiations with Union General Grant. The surrender of Lee's forces did not end the Civil War but started a chain reaction for the other Confederate armies to surrender.
Surrender at Appomattox and Terms of Surrender
Terms of Surrender
The negotiations for the surrender went well for General Lee. The terms of surrender with Union General Grant weren't that harsh. They actually benefited the surrendering Confederates. General Grant said that the Confederates had to drop their weapons and then were free to go home. Grant also allowed the Confederates to keep their horses so they can survive through the next winter. A quote of General Grant from the text said, "put in a crop to carry themselves and their families through the next winter." The last thing that General Grant did was send three days' worth of food to the starving army of General Lee.
Abraham Lincoln was born in Hardin County, Kentucky as the son of a farmer. His birth date was Feb/12/1809. Lincoln's family moved multiple times. They finally settled in Illionois. Lincoln became a successful lawyer and ran against Stephen Douglass for a seat in Congress in 1858. Lincoln didn't win but by running, he made a big reputation. In 1860, Lincoln was the Republican nominee for president. Lincoln won the election with his ideal that slavery should be left where it is and not expand anymore. With Lincoln was president, the slave states seceded fearing the banishing of slavery. After Lincoln's inauguration, Fort Sumter was attacked and the Civil War started. During the Civil War, Lincoln helped in many ways. At the end of the Civil War, Lincoln was assasinated. He was killed on April 14, 1865.
Important Person of the Civil War
Abraham Lincoln was an important person in the Civil War. On New Years' Day of 1863, Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation. This allowed the slaves in the Confederacy to be free. This proclamation helped the North in two ways. One, it gave more troops to the North and it made Britain and France hold their decision to assist the South. Abraham Lincoln was also important because he emphasized American ideals. At a ceremony dedicated to the men who died at the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln gave a speech that showed what the war meant and what the United States stood for. The last reason why Lincoln was important was because he was the only person that could bring the seperated states back to their original form.
Born on January, 19, 1807, Robert E. Lee became one of the finest military generals in the Civil War. He was so great that Lincoln even offered him a job as general of the Union army. Lee rejected this job and became an advisor for Jefferson Davis, the Confederate president. Lee soon was put in charge of the Army of Northern Virginia which was previousily under the command of General Johnston. The army under Lee soon became and would be remembered as one of the greatest armies of the Confederacy. The army fought in many battles ending most of them with victories. The army went down at the Battle of Appomatox. When the Civil War ended, Lee became the president of Washington College Virginia. He kept this job until his death on October 12, 1870.
Important Person of the Civil War
Robert E. Lee was an important person in the Civil War because he greatly aided the Confederacy. As General of the Army of Northern Virginia, Lee brought many victories to the Confederacy. Lee was so great that when he sent a letter of resignation to the Confederate's president Jefferson Davis after the Battle of Gettysburg, it was rejected. Jefferson Davis didn't want to lose one of his best generals. Lee kept on serving and bringing more victories to the Confederacy. Lee's army met their match at the Battle of Appomatox where Union forces surrounded the army and forced them to choose to either die or surrender.
Women had many roles in the Civil War. They rolled bandages, wove blankets, and made ammunitiion. They also raised money and collected supplies for the armies they were loyal to. At home, women were taking care of children and waiting for news about the war. In the North, shortages weren't a problem, but in the South, it was. Food, clothing, medicine, and even shelter were short in stock. This was due to the bad ecomony. Women also served as spies, gathering intelligence from the North or the South. The last of the many roles for women are nursing. Women weren't recommended to become nurses. This was because it was thought of as improper and male doctors thought that women couldn't handle it. But some women ignored it and served as nurses. Some of these women nurses became very famous. A famous nurse was Clara Barton. She was a Northerner that was known for her work with wounded soldiers.
the Civil War
At first, soldiers were very happy that they were able to serve. But the feeling went away when the war continued. With constant drills, bad food, marching, and rain, many soldiers became bored. Heavy casualties, from the enchanced and more accurate rifles and worrying about families, made many soldiers desert. Approximately 1/11 Union soldiers and about 1/8 Confederate soldiers deserted. Soldiers also starved a lot as well, but it was mostly Rebels. A woman commented on the starving men of General Lee by saying, "gaunt starvation that looked from their cavernous eyes."
- http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/children-in-the-civil-war/ referrer=https://www.google.com/
During the Civil War, children played a big part. With children under 19 years of age making up about 50% of the population, they assisted in household chores and other roles that needed to be fulfilled with the men gone. Children were also influenced by their elders to assist in the war by serving when they were old enough. Children were taught why the war was being fought.
The life of an African American was different depending on where they were. In the South. African Americans were still kept enslaved through the fear that if they were in the army and rebelled, they would have weapons. African Americans in the South were admitted to join the army at the end of the war, but it was far to late. In the North, African Americans weren't allowed to join the army but they were allowed to join the navy. They were accepted into the navy because they had a better understanding of the terrain and topography of the South. Africans Americans also served as spies for the North. In 1862, African Americans were finally allowed to join the army in the North. The people who enlisted would be kept in African American only regiments and be commanded by white officers. Unlike the South, many African American regiments were set up before the war was over. One of the most famous African American regiments was the 54th Massachusetts.