Analysis Comparing Implants With Various Metal, Ceramic and Polyethylene Combinations Shows Equivalent Effectiveness While Presenting Evidence of Safety Concerns Associated With Metal-on-Metal Implants
More than 270,000 Americans get hip replacement surgeries every year — a number that is projected to double in the next decade as the population ages. With various options for implants, including metal-on-polyethylene, metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-ceramic, there have been questions about which kind works best.
A new FDA-funded data analysis, the first of its kind, has found no clear advantage of one implant type over another in terms of effectiveness but presented evidence of a potential for harm associated with metal-on-metal implants. Results are published in the Dec. 1 edition of the journal BMJ.
“While hip replacement surgery has helped millions of Americans with painful arthritis or joint damage, substantial number of these implants require revision surgery due to infection, wear, dislocation, instability or other mechanical failures.” – Dr. Art Sedrakyan program director Weill Cornell Medical College
In hip replacement surgery, the hip joint is replaced with an artificial implant. When the surgery was first introduced in the 1940s, surgeons used metal-on-metal implants that have become popular in the last decade. Implants made of a metal head and polyethylene socket were introduced in the 1960s, followed by ceramic-on-ceramic implants in the 1990s.
In the new paper, Dr. Sedrakyan and his co-authors examined records of 3,139 patients and 3,404 hips enrolled in 18 comparative studies and more than 830,000 surgeries in national registries, comparing device effectiveness and quality of life.
While their overall results show no clear advantage, the authors report that the data are complex. While one clinical study reported fewer joint dislocations associated with metal-on-metal (M-M) implants, there was evidence of a greater risk for implant revision procedures associated with M-M implants in three of the largest national registries (including more than 700,000 patients) when compared with metal-on-polyethylene (M-P). And while one trial reported fewer revisions with ceramic-on-ceramic (C-C) as compared with M-P implants, data from national registries did not support this finding.
“Before any claims of benefit are made, there should be large, peer-reviewed clinical trials comparing these treatments. Until then, national registries provide important real-world data that is critical for the safety and future comparative safety and effectiveness evaluation,” says Dr. Sedrakyan.
The authors write that there were limitations to their analysis stemming from differences in methodology and reporting between registries. “Because these registries are not harmonized, our results are tentative and represent an indication of what we hope to be a much more complete picture,” says Dr. Sedrakyan.
To address this issue, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiologic Health recently initiated the International Consortium of Orthopaedic Registries to improve the safety and effectiveness of orthopaedic devices and procedures through collaboration. The Consortium will be led by more than 10 national registries that currently have information on millions of orthopedic surgeries capturing all implantable devices on the market.