The FDA ( Food and Drug Administration ) has approved a test that identifies the genotypeof hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) that a patient is carrying. The Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II, which can differentiate genotypes 1, 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4, and 5, using a sample of an infected patient’s blood plasma, will aid health care professionals in determining the appropriate approach to treatment.
Because the various HCV genotypes respond differently to available drug therapies, knowing the type of HCV a person is infected with can result in better patient outcomes.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ), HCV is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States and the leading cause of liver transplants. About 3.2 million people in the United States have a chronic HCV infection and approximately 15,000 people die from the effects of the virus each year. Seventy-five to 85 percent of people infected with HCV are not able to fight off the virus on their own and develop a chronic HCV infection that requires treatment. Untreated chronic HCV infections may lead to liver cancer, severe liver damage and liver failure.
HCV is transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids. Injection drug users who share needles are at the highest risk for HCV infection. Health care workers stuck by needles that have been used on HCV-infected patients and children born to HCV-infected mothers are also at risk.
The Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II is approved for individuals known to be chronically infected with HCV. It is not approved for use as a diagnostic test or as a screening test for the presence of HCV genetic material in blood, blood products or tissue donors. It has not been evaluated in newborns or pediatric patients, or in patients with compromised immune systems, such as people with AIDS.
The FDA based its approval of the Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II, in part, on the assessment of the test's accuracy in differentiating specific HCV viral genotypes compared to a validated gene sequencing method. The FDA also reviewed data from investigators demonstrating the relationship between HCV genotype and effectiveness of drug therapy.
The Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II is an in vitro reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) assay for determining the genotype(s) of hepatitis C virus in plasma and serum from HCV-infected individuals.
The Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II assay detects genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and subtypes 1a and 1b through the use of genotype-specific fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotide probes. It targets the 5'UTR for the classification of HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and the NS5B region to accurately subtype HCV genotypes 1a and 1b. ( Xagena )
Source: FDA, 2013