Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill
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- August 11, 1772 England
- December 10, 1842 (aged 70) England
- Role In:
- Peninsular War
Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill, (born August 11, 1772, Hawkstone, Shropshire, England—died December 10, 1842, Hardwicke Grange, Shropshire), British general and one of the Duke of Wellington’s chief lieutenants in the Peninsular (Spanish) campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars.
Entering the army in 1790, Hill took a course at Strasbourg Military School, did well at the Siege of Toulon (1793), and was wounded in the first fight in Egypt (1801). He became a brigadier in 1803 and commanded forces in Ireland and then Portugal (1808), fighting at Vimeiro, Corunna, Oporto, and Talavera. In 1810 Hill commanded a corps covering the southern flank and stood out as Wellington’s ablest general. The following year a well-calculated march and surprise attack broke the division of J.B. Gerard near Arroyomolinos de Montánchez. He won other victories at Almaraz (1812) and at Saint-Pierre during the invasion of southwestern France in 1813.
Hill was made a Knight of the Bath and in 1812 was sent to Parliament from Shrewsbury. In 1814 he was created Baron Hill of Almaraz and of Hawkestone and in 1816 Baron Hill of Almaraz and of Hardwicke. In 1815 he commanded one of Wellington’s two corps. On the right at Waterloo he led the charge of Sir Frederick Adam’s brigade against the Imperial Guard; his horse was shot down, and for a time he was lost in the confusion.
When Wellington became prime minister in 1828, Hill replaced him as general commander in chief. Hill resigned in 1842 and was created a viscount shortly before his death. Hill was never married, and the viscountcy went to a nephew.