2General function Heart Blood vessels The main function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove the waste products of metabolism.Each part of system has a specific function in helping to do this.HeartPump – It is designed to push blood out through the arteries.One ventricle pumps blood to the lungs to get oxygenThe other pumps blood to the body to deliver Oxygen and nutrientsBlood vesselsDesigned to carry the blood. They are hollow, and vary according to their purpose.For example, arteries have thick muscular walls so that they can take the blood at high pressure from the heart, and squeeze it along to the capillariesBloodHas a number of functionsRed blood cells and their haemoglobin attract Oxygen, so it can be carried around in the bloodWhite blood cells fight infectionPlatelets help with clotting if we are injured.
3Delivery of Oxygen and Nutrients The key function of the CV system.It is essential in football because....Achieves this with the three elements working together.The heart pumps the blood into the blood vesselsThe blood vessels carry the blood to the body’s tissuesThe blood carries a number of things dissolved in it.For example:Oxygen is carried by the haemoglobin in the red blood cellsBlood also carries nutrients that it has absorbed in the intestines to the working musclesWhy is this important to success in football?
4Removal of Waste products The other key function of the CV system….Again all three elements work together to allow this to happenThe force of the pump from the heart helps to get the blood backThe blood vessels, particularly the veins use their proximity to muscles and their valves to squeeze the blood back to the heart, without any back flowThe blood carries the Carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be excretedIt also carries other waste from the metabolic process, such as water and lactic acid. This is taken back to the kidneys and liver so we can process it and excrete it.Why is this essential to success in sport, and football in particular?
5ThermoregulationThe ability to maintain body temperature within certain boundaries.VASODILATIONEffectively during exercise, and when we are hot, the blood vessels redirect the blood closer to the surface, so that the hear can evaporate.This is why we go red when we exercise.On the other hand…VASOCONSTRICTIONWhen we are cold, the blood vessels direct the blood away from the surface of the body, to keep our core temperature stable.- This is why we appear more pale/blue when cold
6Thermoregulation explained further… CapillariesSweat glandIf the body gets too hot, capillaries near the surface of the skin widen. Blood is diverted to the skin where the heat can easily radiate away. This is called vasodilation.Water from the blood is excreted as sweat to cool the body.Thermoregulation explained further…If the body gets too cold, capillaries near the surface of the skin get narrower. Blood is diverted away from the skin to limit heat loss. This is called vasoconstriction.Sweating stops.
7The effects of Training Long term effects of exercise (3-5x 20 mins a week):Decreased HRIncreased Stroke VolumeHeart muscles become bigger (HYPERTROPHY)Fall in blood pressureIncrease in Red blood cell countIncreased size in blood vesselsIncreased blood volumeShort term effects of exercise on the CV system (10 mins):Increased HRIncreased Stroke VolumeIncreased Cardiac OutputRedistribution of blood to the working muscles and away from other organsBlood vessels in the skin dilateIncreased blood pressure
8Describe the Structure and Function of the cardiovascular system Examine the cardiovascular system and explain how it works and how each part of the system is designed to meet its functionStructure of the cardiovascular system (which you have to find pictures/ label and describe):Heart:Atria, Ventricles, Bicuspid valve, Tricuspid valve, Aortic valve, Pulmonary valve, Aorta, Vena cava – (superior and inferior), Pulmonary vein, Pulmonary arteryBlood vessels:Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Veins, VenuolesFunction of the cardiovascular system:Delivery of oxygen and nutrientsRemoval of waste productsThermoregulation (vasodilation and vasoconstriction of vessels);Function of blood (oxygen transport,clotting, fighting infection)