More Lessons for IGCSE Chemistry
A series of free IGCSE Chemistry Activities and Experiments (Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry).
ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 3-butene, cyclic alkene
A cyclic hydrocarbon consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms where the carbon atoms are arranged in the form of a ring. A cycloalkane is a cyclic hydrocarbon that contains only carbon - carbon single bonds. A cycloalkene and cycloalkyne are cyclic hydrocarbons that contain carbon - carbon double and triple bonds respectively.
The generic formula for cycloalkanes is Cn
, which is the same generic formula as alkenes. The cycloalkanes have the molecular formula of alkenes but was saturated.
The following diagram shows the isomers for C3
: Propene and Cyclopropane.
1. Draw and name the isomers of C4
. Remember to include the cyclic hydrocarbons
Draw the structures of methanol, ethanol and propanol.
Describe the reactions of these alcohols.
• Methanol, ethanol and propanol all dissolve in water to form a neutral solution.
• They react with sodium to produce hydrogen gas.
• They are used as solvents and fuels. Ethanol is found in alcoholic drinks.
• Alcohols burn in air to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Describe how ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid.
Position isomers of propanol
1. Draw and name two isomers that are alcohols with the formula C3
OH. Here it is simply the position of the functional group in the chain that has changed. It is called position isomerism.
2. Draw and name the isomers that are alcohols with the formula C4
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