“The ḥarmal does not grow, whether as a tree, a leaf or a fruit, without there being an angelic guardian spirit attached to it.” ~ Muhammed (a.s)
Throughout history, the burning of natural substances has been used for cleansing, healing and spiritual purposes. The Babylonians used smudge extensively while offering prayers or divining oracles, and so did the old Germans and Norsk tribes, as well as as the First Nations of the Americas and Austral-Asia. Whereever people make their habitat, smuding is part of everyday culture. In the regions of the Himalaya and the Indian sub-continent the incense trade started and via the Spice Route various religious ideas and incense came via Iran to Arabia and Mecca during the days of the prophet (a.s).