'Breathtaking' solar eclipse witnessed by millions
- 20 March 2015
- From the section Science & Environment
Millions of people in the UK and northern Europe have glimpsed the best solar eclipse in years.
A great swathe of the Earth's surface was plunged into darkness as the Moon came between us and the Sun.
From an aeroplane above the Faroe Islands, a BBC camera crew captured startling footage of the event reaching totality at 09:41 GMT.
The deep shadow formed first in the North Atlantic and then swept up into the Arctic, ending at the North Pole.
People keen to catch a glimpse of the rare phenomenon were advised not to look directly at it.
Looking directly at the Sun can cause serious harm, and skywatchers were directed to the multiple ways to catch an eclipse safely and in comfort.
In all parts of the UK, the eclipse reached at least 83%, with the darkness peaking at about 09:35 GMT. The precise timing and degree of the eclipse varied with location.
For the Shetland Islands, the eclipse was at its height at 09:43 GMT and was very near total, with 97% of the Sun's disc obscured by the Moon.
For those caught under cloudy skies, the internet was a good option to see the eclipse.
Scientific agencies had planes and even satellites gathering video to relay on the web and on television.
In the UK, the weather turned out to be slightly better than anticipated, with clouds breaking in many places at just the right time. London and the South East, on the other hand, just saw their grey day get slightly gloomier.
Experiencing a genuine total eclipse required a trip north of the British Isles - such as the flight taken by a BBC camera crew and Stargazing Live's Liz Bonnin, above the clouds in the Faroes.
"We have a pretty spectacular view," Bonnin said. "This is extraordinary."
That footage revealed interesting features of the eclipse, including a clear view of "Baily's beads". These are the sparkles of light seen at the very edge of the Moon, where its rugged landscape allows the last rays of sunlight to peak through before full obscuration.
Few land areas were directly in the path of the Moon's deepest shadow - its so-called umbra - and seabirds probably had some of the most dramatic eclipse experiences.
The period of greatest darkness - nearly three minutes - occurred over a spot in the Norwegian Sea, a little below the Arctic Circle, at 09:46 GMT.
Many professional and amateur astronomers positioned themselves in the Faroe Islands, where the capital city of Torshavn got totality for a full two minutes, beginning just before 09:41 GMT.
And those who could not book a flight or a hotel for the Faroes went to Svalbard, where the capital city of Longyearbyen witnessed two and a half minutes of totality, starting shortly after 10:10 GMT.
Shifting the wind
Scientists sought help from citizens with their research - even those in cloudy areas.
A University of Reading team ran an experiment to learn more about how the atmosphere behaves as the Moon's shadow runs over the Earth.
The team hoped the observations could help them improve future weather forecasting capability.
Study leader Prof Giles Harrison said: "Early analysis of the data shows some wonderful results, thanks to some excellent observations by our army of citizen scientists.
"Along with a rapid drop in temperature, there seems to have been a reduction of cloud cover around central England, parting the clouds momentarily for some viewers.
"We will be analysing the results in more detail over the next few weeks to see if we can discover any other effects."
Next year will have a total solar eclipse, too.
That will occur on 9 March, and will cross Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, and extend out over the Pacific.
The UK will not experience a solar eclipse on this scale again until 2026.