Canalization and spoiling in Gulf Coast and South Atlantic estuaries
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Channels and spoil banks are now a part of the estuarine environment. Several methods of construction are used that permit varying degrees of control over resulting spoil. Mechanical excavation with bucket dredges or draglines provides good spoil control on a small area. Hydraulic excavation, however, requires large spoil areas and affords poor control unless the spoil is removed from the construction site (hopper dredge) or retained within ring levees.