HD 140283 (or the Methuselah huge name) is a metallic-heart-broken subgiant huge name about 200 gentle years some distance from the Earth within the constellation Libra, advance the boundary with Ophiuchus within the Milky Manner Galaxy. Its apparent magnitude is 7.205. The big name’s gentle is a dinky blueshifted because it is transferring in direction of rather then some distance from us and it has been identified to astronomers for over a century as a high-lope huge name primarily based completely completely on its quite rather a lot of vectors (ethical motion). An early spectroscopic analysis by Joseph W. Chamberlain and Lawrence Aller published it to contain a significantly lower metallic declare material than the Solar. Contemporary spectroscopic analyses rep an iron declare material about a order of 250 lower than that of the Solar. It is one amongst the closest metallic-heart-broken (Population II) stars to Earth.
Age and significance
Because HD 140283 is neither on the main sequence nor a red huge, its early residing within the Hertzsprung-Russell device has been interpreted with its data and theoretical objects of stellar evolution primarily based completely completely on quantum mechanics and the observations of processes in millions of stars to deduce its apparent frail age. For self-discipline stars (as against stars in clusters), it is peculiar to know a huge name’s luminosity, surface temperature, and composition precisely enough to rep a successfully-constrained price for their age. Attributable to their relative scarcity, here’s even rarer for a Population II huge name such as HD 140283. A ogle published in 2013 frail the Beautiful Steerage Sensors of NASA’s Hubble Dwelling Telescope to measure a staunch parallax (and therefore distance and luminosity) for the massive name. This knowledge was as soon as frail to estimate an age for the massive name of 14.46 ± 0.8 billion years. Due to the the uncertainty within the price, this age for the massive name might possibly presumably additionally or might possibly presumably additionally now now not battle with the calculated age of the Universe as determined by the closing 2015 Planck satellite results of 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years.
Once dubbed the “Methuselah Essential person” by the widespread press attributable to its age, if the assumptions of stellar evolution are ethical within the file, the massive name must contain formed rapidly after the Substantial Bang and is one amongst the oldest stars identified. The note such very iron-heart-broken stars has shown they are nearly all anomalies in globular clusters and the Galactic Halo. This accords with a legend that they’re rare survivors of their generation. If that’s the case, the obvious visible data of the oldest of these permits us to longstop-date the reionization (first huge name formation) part of the Universe independently of theories and evidence of the most distinguished few million years after the Substantial Bang. Most stars from Population II and Population III are now now now not observable. Theories exist taking into consideration an older age of the universe than conventionally authorized, which might possibly tranquil accommodate the seen redshift of early objects and earlier radiation. Some disappear from the worn gargantuan-bang/inflation model, such because the regular-inform and cyclic objects. Up to now no ethical, bigger-age evidence from a cosmic object has been learned that calls into interrogate the Planck satellite results.
Experiences of the massive name additionally assist astronomers impress the Universe’s early history. Very low nonetheless non-zero metallicities of stars love HD 140283 reward the massive name was as soon as born within the 2d generation of stellar creation; their heavy-ingredient declare material is believed to contain advance from zero-metallic stars (Population III stars), which contain never been seen. Those first stars are opinion to had been born a couple of hundred million years after the Substantial Bang, and they died in explosions (supernovae) after handiest a couple of million years. A 2d generation of stars, the generation whereby HD 140283 is theorized to had been born, might possibly presumably well now not contain coalesced unless gas, heated from the supernova explosions of the earlier stars, cooled down. This hypothesis of such stars’ beginning and our finest objects of the early universe reward that the time it took for the gases to chill was as soon as possible handiest a couple of thousands and thousands of years.
The proportions of parts in such metallic-heart-broken stars is modelled to dispute us powerful of the earlier nucleosynthetic (“metals”) yield, that’s of parts quite rather a lot of than hydrogen and helium from the supernovae of the locally-extinct Population III stars. About a of the latter might possibly presumably additionally be visible in gravitational lensing in making an are trying at deepest pictures such because the Hubble Extremely-Deep Field (i.e., their transient existence sooner than their turning into supernovae). As with HD 122563, CS22892-0052, and CD -38 245, HD 140283 has an some distance more than oxygen and the alpha parts relative to iron. Whereas the proportions of these parts is some distance lower in HD 140283 than within the Solar, they achieve now now not seem to be as dinky as is the case for iron. The implication is that the most distinguished population of stars generated the alpha parts preferentially to quite rather a lot of teams of parts, including the iron high and s-project. Unlike these quite rather a lot of metallic-heart-broken stars, HD 140283 has a detectable amount of lithium, a of HD 140283 having now now not but developed correct into a red huge and thereby now now not but having gone thru the most distinguished dredge-up.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j ok l
H. E. Bond; E. P. Nelan; D. A. VandenBerg; G. H. Schaefer; D. Harmer (2013). “HD 140283: A Essential person within the Portray voltaic Neighborhood that Formed Almost at present After the Substantial Bang”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 765 (1): L12. arXiv: 1302.3180. Bibcode: 2013ApJ…765L..12B. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L12.
- ^ a b c d van Leeuwen, F.; et al. (2007). “Validation of the unusual Hipparcos reduction”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv: 0708.1752. Bibcode: 2007A&A…474..653V. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361: 20078357.
- ^ Gray, R.O. (1989). “The extension of the MK spectral classification machine to the intermediate population II F form stars”. Substantial Journal. 98 (3): 1049–1062. Bibcode: 1989AJ…..98.1049G. doi: 10.1086/115195.
- ^ a b “HD 140283”. SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). “Gaia Recordsdata Liberate 2: Abstract of the contents and survey properties”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv: 1804.09365. Bibcode: 2018A&A…616A…1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 file for this supply at VizieR.
- ^ Creevey, O. L.; Thévenin, F.; Berio, P.; Heiter, U.; von Braun, K.; Mourard, D.; Bigot, L.; Boyajian, T.S.; Kervella, P.; Morel, P.; Pichon, B.; Chiavassa, A.; Nardetto, N.; Perraut, K.; Meilland, A.; Mc Alister, H. A.; Ten Brummelaar, T.A.; Farrington, C.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N. (2015). “Benchmark stars for Gaia Classic properties of the Population II huge name HD 140283 from interferometric, spectroscopic, and photometric data”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 575: A26. arXiv: 1410.4780. Bibcode: 2015A&A…575A..26C. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201424310.
- ^ a b c d Karovicova, I.; White, T.R.; Nordlander, T.; Lind, K.; Casagrande, L.; Ireland, M.J.; Huber, D.; Creevey, O.; Mourard, D.; Schaefer, G.H.; Gilmore, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Wittkowski, M.; Jofré, P.; Heiter, U.; Thévenin, F.; Asplund, M. (2018). “Beautiful efficient temperatures of the metallic-heart-broken benchmark stars HD 140283, HD 122563, and HD 103095 from CHARA interferometry”. Month-to-month Notices of the Royal Substantial Society. 475 (1): L81. arXiv: 1801.03274. Bibcode: 2018MNRAS.475L..81K. doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly010.
- ^ A. J. Gallagher; et al. (2010). “The barium isotopic mixture for the metallic-heart-broken subgiant huge name HD 140283”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 523: A24. arXiv: 1008.3541. Bibcode: 2010A&A…523A..24G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201014970.
- ^ Crookes, David (16 October 2019). “How Can a Essential person Be Older Than the Universe? – Dwelling Mysteries: If the universe is 13.8 billion years frail, how can a huge name be bigger than 14 billion years frail?”. Dwelling.com. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
- ^ “Hubble Finds ‘Delivery Certificate’ of Oldest Known Essential person”. Science Each day. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
- ^ J. W. Chamberlain; L. H. Aller (1951). “The atmospheres of A form subdwarfs and 95 Leonis”. Astrophysical Journal. 114: 52. Bibcode: 1951ApJ…114…52C. doi: 10.1086/145451.
- ^ Adams, W. S. (1912). “The three-prism stellar spectrograph of the Mount Wilson Portray voltaic Observatory”. Astrophys. J. 35: 163–182. Bibcode: 1912ApJ….35..163A. doi: 10.1086/141924.
- ^ “Our neighbor huge name nearly as frail as universe”. RT.com. 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
“Hubble finds beginning certificates of oldest identified huge name”. Phys.Org. 2013-03-07. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
- ^ Planck Collaboration (2016). “Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: A13. arXiv: 1502.01589. Bibcode: 2016A&A…594A..13P. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201525830.
Look Desk 4 on page 31 of pdf.
D. Majaess (2013-02-23). “Inside of sight Extinct Essential person is Practically as Passe because the Universe”. Universe This day. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
- ^ a b c d
R. Cowen (2013-01-10). “Inside of sight huge name is nearly as frail because the Universe”. Nature. doi: 10.1038/nature.2013.12196. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
F. Spite; M. Spite (1982). “Abundance of lithium in unevolved halo stars and frail disk stars – Interpretation and penalties”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 115 (2): 357–366. Bibcode: 1982A&A…115..357S.