From beginning of human evolution man was transforming the environment for his profit. Nobody cared what his activity do with environment and people continued with destruction of nature. Especially in 20th century nature suffered from development of industry and technology, then several ecological problems have appeared. Ecological problems:
Air pollution is the biggest problem in large cities and in areas with concentrated industrial production. Factories, power stations and motor vehicles pump large quantities of carbon dioxide(CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO) and other gases into the air. This is a major cause of the changes in the environment which can lead to climate changes. Soil can be contaminated as a result of industrial waste and other causes. Much domestic rubbish is disposed of in landfills.
Some poisonous gases dissolve in water in the atmosphere and then fall to the earth as acid rain. Acid rain damages trees and buildings, and can kill fish in lakes and rivers. Rivers can also be polluted by industrial waste from factories and chemical fertilizers and pesticides used by farmers.
Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect. Normally, heat from the sun warms the earth and then escapes back into space. But carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere trap the sun´s heat, and this is slowly making the earth warmer. The result is a rising temperature. The temperature of the earth could rise by 3°C over next 50 years. This may cause drought in some parts of the world, and floods in others, because artic ice begins to melt and sea levels rise.
Rainforests help to control global warming because they absorb carbon dioxide. In recent years, large areas have been destroyed, as the trees are cut down for wood or burned to clear the land for farming. The burning releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Many rainforests grow on poor soils, and when they are cut down or burned, the soils is washed away in the tropical rains. So that the area may turn to desert. Many plant and animal species that live there could become exctinct.
Scientists have recenly discovered holes in the ozone layer. Ozone layer helps to protect the earth from the sun´s ultraviolet radiation, which can damage our skins and cause cancer. Ozone holes are caused by substances called CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).
CFCs are used in fridges, aerosol cans and in the manufacture of some plastic products. Some companies now make aerosols that do not contain CFCs. They are often marked “ozone-friendly”.
Protection of our environment:
How do we reduce the waste which seems to grow more and more? Recycling is the processing of used objects and meterials so that they can be used again. About 60% rubbish from homes and factories contain materials that could be recycled. Recycling saves energy and raw materials, and also reduces damage to the countryside. Glass, paper and aluminium cans all be recycled very easily. Many towns have bottle banks and can banks where people can leave their empty bottles and cans for recycling. A lot of paper bags, writing paper and greetings cards are now produced on recycled paper.
People should try to use alternative sources of energy. Most of the energy we use today comes from coal, oil and gas. But these will not last for ever, and burning them is slowly harming the atmosphere. We need to look for other ways of supplying energy. Solar power is a way of using the sun´s energy as heat or to make electricity. We can also use wind-power by building modern windmills that spin in the wind. There are several types of water-power. River water in mountains can be used to generate hydroelectric power, and we can also create electricity from sea water flowing in and out with the tides.
Animal and plant protection
Environmental protection should also include animal and plant protection, because the balance of species of plants and animals has also been affected by human activities. Some animals are protected, others are bred in captivity for release in the wild so they have the best chance of survival. Trees are also protected and new ones are planted. The establishment of National Parks and natural reserves provide protection, and also provide opportunities for outdoor recreation. There are also ecological organizations such as Greenpeace.