This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue?
An agent of biological origin that has the capacity to produce deleterious effects on humans, i.e. microorganisms, toxins and allergens derived from those organisms; and allergens and toxins derived from higher plants and animals.
Development of Biosafety Practices
1941 - Meyer and Eddie
74 lab associated brucellosis infections in US 222 viral infections (21 fatal) Only 27% related to known accidents
1949 - Sulkin and Pike
Development of Biosafety Practices
1951, 1965, 1976 - Sulkin and Pike
n n n n
Surveys for lab-associated infections More than 5,000 labs Cumulative total of 3,921 cases cited Most commonly reported:
• Hepatitis • Tuberculosis • Typhoid • Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis • Brucellosis • Tularemia
Development of Biosafety Practices
1951,1965, 1976 - Sulkin and Pike
Fewer than 20% associated with known accidents Exposure to infectious aerosols plausible (but unconfirmed) for >80% of reported cases
Why Biosafety Practices?
Protection: n workers n “products” n co-workers n lab support personnel n environment
Introduction Chain of Infection Reservoir of pathogen Portal of escape Transmission s/ ice t t rac men P ip Equ E PP sk Ri m ss se As Route of entry/infectious dose Susceptible host n atio z uni Imm ce lan il rve Su 2.1 t en Incubation period .
Principles General Lab Requirements n n Knowledgeable supervisor Knowledgeable personnel n n Aware of potential hazards Proficient in practices & techniques n Lab specific biosafety manual 2.2 .
Principles General Lab Requirements n n Biosafety Levels (BSLs) Laboratory Practice and Technique n n Standard Practices Special Practices n n Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) Facility Design and Construction (Secondary Barriers) 2.1 .
1 .BSL 2/3 Personal protective clothing n n n Gloves Gowns Eye and face protection n n Pipetting Devices Safety centrifuge cups and rotors 2.Principles General Lab Requirements n n Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) .
laboratory facilities.Principles Definition Biosafety The application of combinations of laboratory practice and procedure. and safety equipment when working with potentially infectious microorganisms. 2.1 .
agents not known to cause disease. 2.agents associated with human disease.indigenous/exotic agents associated with human disease and with potential for aerosol transmission. BSL3 . BSL4 . BSL2 .Principles Biosafety Levels n n BSL1 .dangerous/exotic agents of life threatening nature.1 n n .
2.3 .Biosafety Level 1 Introduction uitable for work involving wellcharacterized agents not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.
Biosafety Level 1 Introduction Examples: n n n n Bacillus subtilis Naegleria gruberi Infectious canine hepatitis virus E.3 . coli 2.
Biosafety Level 1 Facility Design (Secondary Barrier) 2.3 .
3 .Biosafety Level 1 Facility Design (Secondary Barrier) Requirements: n Laboratories have doors n Sink for hand washing n Work surfaces easily cleaned n Bench tops are impervious to water n Sturdy furniture n Windows fitted with flyscreens 2.
Biosafety Level 1 Facility Design (Secondary Barrier) Easily cleaned and decontaminated 2.3 .
normal construction Ventilation .not separated Structure .Biosafety Level 1 Facility Construction (Secondary Barrier) Requirements: n n n Location .none 2.3 .
3 . drinking and smoking Prohibit mouth pipetting 2.Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological Practices n n n Restrict or limit access when working Prohibit eating.
Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological Practices Use mechanical pipetting devices 2.3 .
Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological Practices Wash hands 2.3 .
Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological Practices n n n n Minimize splashes and aerosols Decontaminate work surfaces daily Decontaminate wastes Maintain insect & rodent control program 2.3 .
Biosafety Level 1 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) Protective clothing n Lab coat n Gloves 2.3 .
3 .Biosafety Level 1 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) Personal protective equipment n n Face protection Eye protection 2.
3 .Biosafety Level 1 Special Practices 2.
Biosafety Level 1 Training Requirements n Supervisor n Scientist with general training in microbiology or related science Lab Personnel n Specific training in lab procedures n 2.3 .
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Introduction uitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. 2.
Biosafety Level 2 Introduction Examples: n n n n Measles virus Salmonellae Toxoplasma spp. Hepatitis B virus * Immunization or antibiotic treatment is available 2.4 .
Biosafety Level 2 Introduction Examples: n n Bloodborne pathogens Human body fluids/particularly when visibly contaminated with blood * Extreme precaution with contaminated needles or sharp instruments 2.4 .
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Facility Design (Secondary Barriers) 2.
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Facility Design (Secondary Barriers) Requirements: § Laboratories have lockable doors § Sink for hand washing § Work surfaces easily cleaned § Bench tops are impervious to water § Sturdy furniture 2.
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Facility Design (Secondary Barriers) Requirements (cont.): § Biological safety cabinets installed as needed § Adequate illumination § Eyewash readily available § Air flows into lab without re-circulation to non-lab areas § Windows fitted with flyscreens 2.
Biosafety Level 2 Facility Design (Secondary Barrier) Restricted access when work in progress 2.4 .
Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) n BSL-1 Facilities PLUS: n n Autoclave available Eyewash station available 2.4 .
Biosafety Level 2 Facility Construction (Secondary Barrier) Requirements: n n n Location .normal construction Ventilation .directional 2.4 .separated from public areas Structure .
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Standard Microbiological Practices 2.
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) n Use biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with infectious agents involving: n Aerosols and splashes n Large volumes n High concentrations 2.
Biosafety Level 2 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) n Class II Biosafety Cabinet n Airflow 2.4 .
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) n Class II Biosafety Cabinet n Equipment layout 2.
Biosafety Level 2 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) n Class II Biosafety Cabinet n Technique 2.4 .
Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices Supervision § Supervisor is a competent scientist with increased responsibilities § Limits access if immunocompromised § Restricts access to immunized Lab Personnel § Aware of potential hazards § Proficient in practices/techniques 2.4 .
Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices Needles & Sharps Precautions n n Use sharps containers DON’T break. re-sheath or reuse syringes or needles 2.4 . bend.
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices Needles & Sharps Precautions (cont.) n DON’T place needles or sharps in office waste containers 2.
4 .) n DON’T touch broken glass with hands 2.Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices Needles and Sharps Precautions (cont.
Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices Needles and Sharps Precautions (cont.) n Use plasticware 2.4 .
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices n n n n Policies and procedures for entry Biohazard warning signs Biosafety manual specific to lab Training with annual updates 2.
Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices n Use leak-proof transport containers 2.4 .
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices n n Immunizations Baseline serum samples 2.
4 .Biosafety Level 2 Special Practices n n n Decontaminate work surfaces Report spills and accidents No animals in laboratories 2.
2.5 .Biosafety Level 3 Introduction Suitable for work with infectious agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by the inhalation route.
tuberculosis n St. possibly lethal n Examples: n M. Louis encephalitis virus n Coxiella burnetii n 2.5 .Biosafety Level 3 Introduction Exposure potential to pathogens spread by aerosol n Infection serious.
Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) 2.5 .
5 . 10-12 air changes/hour 2.Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) n BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS: n n n n Separate building or isolated zone Double door entry Directional inward airflow Single-pass air.
Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) n BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS (cont.5 .): n n n Enclosures for aerosol generating equipment Room penetrations sealed Walls. floors and ceilings are water resistant for easy cleaning 2.
Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory Facilities ( Secondary Barriers) n BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS: n Vacuum lines protected with liquid disinfectant traps or HEPA filters 2.5 .
Facility Design (Tertiary Barriers) n n Lab structure Lab ventilation 2.5 .
Biosafety Level 3 Standard Microbiological Practices 2.5 .
5 .Biosafety Level 3 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) n BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS: n BSC class II or III to manipulate infectious material 2.
Biosafety Level 3 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) n BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS: n Respiratory protection may be indicated 2.5 .
Biosafety Level 3 Special Practices n BSL-2 Special Practices PLUS: n n n Work in certified BSC Use bioaerosolcontaining equipment Decontaminate spills promptly 2.5 .
5 .Biosafety Level 3 Special Practices Supervision § Supervisor is a competent scientist experienced working with agents § Establishes criteria for entry § Restricts access § Develops policies/procedures § Trains lab personnel 2.
Biosafety Level 3 Special Practices Lab Personnel § Strictly follow guidelines § Demonstrate proficiency § Receive appropriate training § Report incidents § Participate in medical surveillance 2.5 .
6 . 2.Biosafety Level 4 Introduction Suitable for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosoltransmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease.
Biosafety Level 4 Introduction Exposure potential to pathogens spread by aerosol or with unknown risk of transmission n Infection possibly lethal n Examples: n Ebola Zaire n Sin Nombre virus n Rift Valley Fever n Ebola Zaire Ebola Zaire 2.6 .
Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) 2.6 .
and 3 Facilities PLUS: n Separate building or isolated zone n Double door entry n Directional inward airflow n Single-pass air n Dedicated supply and exhaust. vacuum.6 .Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) n BSL-1. and decon systems BSL4 2. 2.
): n Enclosures for aerosol generating equipment n Double door autoclaves n Room penetrations sealed n Walls. floors and ceilings are sealed to form an internal seal 2.Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) n BSL-1.6 . 2 and 3 Facilities PLUS (cont.
6 . 2 and 3 Facilities PLUS (cont.Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) n BSL-1.): n Connecting inner and outer doors interlocked to prevent simultaneous opening n Liquid effluents are decontaminated by an approved method and certified before discharge n Communication system between inside and outside of the lab 2.
Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory Facilities ( Secondary Barriers) n BSL 1. and 3 Facilities PLUS: n Emergency breathing air n Emergency generator n Emergency exit 2.6 . 2.
6 .Biosafety Level 4 Facility Design § Clean § “Hot” 2.
Biosafety Level 4 Standard Microbiological Practices 2.6 .
and 3 Safety Equipment PLUS: n Class II (B2) or III biological safety cabinets to manipulate infectious material 2.Biosafety Level 4 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) n BSL 1. 2.6 .
2.Biosafety Level 4 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) n BSL 1. and 3 Safety Equipment PLUS: n Positive pressure personnel suit 2.6 .
6 .Biosafety Level 4 Special Practices n BSL 3 Special Practices PLUS: n n Decontaminate all liquid effluent Decontaminate all solid wastes 2.
Biosafety Level 4 Special Practices § Controlled access § Personnel enter facility through changing room where they are required to change into laboratory clothing § Showers are required upon exit from the laboratory § Supplies enter lab through double-door autoclave or fumigation chamber 3.5 .
Biosafety Level 4 Special Practices Supervision § Supervisor is a competent scientist trained and experienced working with agents § Establishes criteria for entry § Restricts access § Develops policies/procedures § Trains lab personnel 2.6 .
Biosafety Level 4 Special Practices Lab Personnel § Strictly follow guidelines § Demonstrate proficiency § Receive appropriate training § Report incidents § Receive available immunizations § Participate in medical surveillance 2.6 .
6 .4 n n n n n Standard Practices Special Practices Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) Building (Tertiary Barriers) 2.Principles of Biosafety Summary n BSL 1 .
Biological Safety Cabinets Purpose n n n Product protection Personal protection Environmental protection 2.7 .
Biological Safety Cabinets Types A. Class III n n 2.7 . Class II n n n n C. product. air-tight suitable for work with BSL3/4 agents B. environmental protection “sterile” work area use for work with aerosol-transmissible microorganisms use also for tissue culture/ virology totally enclosed. ventilated. Class I n n inward airflow protects worker exhaust to outside (w/wo HEPA filter) worker.
7 .Biological Safety Cabinets Types Class II n n n n Type A Type B3 Type B1 Type B2 30% exhausted to room 30% exhausted to outside 70% exhausted to outside 100% exhausted to outside 2.
chemicals.7 .3u 2. fumes. vapors pass through n Traps particulates 0.Biological Safety Cabinets Component HEPA Filter n “High efficiency particulate air” filter n Traps particulates only.
7 .Biological Safety Cabinets Component HEPA Filter n Metal or wood framed n Continuous sheet of flat filter medium with aluminum separators n Gasket sealed n Adhesive bond between filter pack and frame 2.
Biological Safety Cabinets Operating Location § Isolated from other work areas § Removed from high traffic areas § Away from airflow ducts § Away from laboratory entry doors 2.7 .
7 .Biological Safety Cabinets Airflow Typical Class II Exhaust Intake 100 ft/min 2.
2. decontaminate all items to be taken out of cabinet. Enter straight into cabinet and perform work in a slow. Load BSC with all needed supplies. Allow cabinet to run for 10-15 minutes. 3. methodical manner. At end of work. 7. 5. 2. 4. Decontaminate interior of BSC. Shut off.7 . 6. Check inward airflow with a piece of tissue. Turn BSC on and allow to run for 10-15 minutes. 8.Biological Safety Cabinets Operating Procedure 1.
Biological Safety Cabinets Safe Operation s s s s s Always enter straight into cabinet .not on front grill Place discard pan within cabinet Watch for disruptions of laminar air flow Decontaminate materials before removal from cabinet 2.7 .no sweeping motions Place materials well within the cabinet .
Biological Safety Cabinets Safe Operation s s s s s Not designed for chemical use May use for non-volatile toxic chemicals or low-level radioactive materials May use for “minute” amounts of volatile chemicals Ensure annual certification Place all work materials into cabinet before starting 2.7 .
Biological Safety Cabinets Safe Operation CAUTIONS n Chemicals may damage HEPA filter n Exposure risk .chemical/infectious agents n Volatile chemicals NOT retained by HEPA filter n Exposes personnel if not exhausted Chemical use may result in fire/ explosion Never use NFPA 4 flammables 2.7 n BSC fans NOT spark proof n n .
000 2.000 ~ 120.8 .000 – 20.Centrifuges Types Microcentrifuges Low/high speed Ultracentrifuges Speeds (rpm) ~15.000 2.
) Aerosol generation Operator error 2.8 .Centrifuges Hazards n n n n Mechanical failure of machine Lab equipment failure (tubes etc.
8 . Use matched sets of tubes. 5. 2. Check tubes for cracks/chips. Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups. 2. Allow to come to complete stop before opening. 4. 6. Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle and bucket seated. 3. buckets etc. Close lid during operation.Centrifuges Operating Procedure 1.
Centrifuges Safe Operation § § § § § Use safety cups whenever possible Disinfect weekly and after all spills or breakage's Lubricate O-rings and rotor threads weekly Do not use rotors that have been dropped Contact your centrifuge rep for specific information 2.8 .
Shipping Biological Specimens Guideline Documents n Recommendations of the United Nations Committee on Dangerous Goods 2.9 .
DOT: 49 CFR Part 171-178 USPS: Domestic Mail Manual IATA: International Air Transport Association ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization 2.9 .Shipping Biological Specimens Regulations n n n n n PHS: 42 CFR Part 72.
Shipping Biological Specimens
Definition n Contains or has high probability of containing an infectious material…known or reasonably believed to cause disease in humans or animals
virus, prion, genetic elements bacterium, rickettsia, parasite, fungus
Contains a microbial toxin known to be pathogenic
Shipping Biological Specimens
Packaging n Primary Container
Shipping Biological Specimens
Packaging n Secondary packaging
9 .Shipping Biological Specimens Infectious Substance Packaging n Between Secondary and Outer Container n n List of Contents Shippers label n n n Name Address Phone number 2.
Shipping Biological Specimens Infectious Substance Packaging n Outer container 2.9 .
Shipping Biological Specimens Infectious Substance Packaging n Performance tests n 49 CFR 178.9 .609 2.
Shipping Biological Specimens Infectious Substance Packaging label 2.9 .
9 .Shipping Biological Specimens Infectious Substance Containers 2.
9 .not known to contain viable infectious agents 2.Shipping Biological Specimens Clinical Specimen Definition Human or animal material…collected for the purpose of diagnosis or research….
9 n n .Shipping Biological Specimens Clinical Specimen Packaging n Primary receptacle n Positive seal Biohazard label Absorbent material 2.
9 .Shipping Biological Specimens Clinical Specimen Packaging n Between the secondary and outer packaging n List of contents 2.
Shipping Biological Specimens Clinical Specimen Packaging n Outer packaging 2.9 .
9 .Shipping Biological Specimens Clinical Specimen Package Label 2.
Shipping Biological Specimens Clinical Specimen Packaging n Performance test 2.9 .
9 .Biosafety Manuals Components n Biosafety Level Descriptions n n n n Standard Practices & Principles Special Practices & Procedures Containment Devices Facility Design n n Animal Safety Practices Agent Summary Statements 2.
9 .Biosafety Manuals Components n n n n n Equipment Descriptions Specimen Handling Security Waste Special Lab Practices n n Tissue culture Toxins 2.
Decontamination Definition n Sterilization The use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life.10 . 2. including large numbers of highly resistant bacterial spores.
The use of a physical or chemical procedure to virtually eliminate all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not all microbial forms (bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects.
A germicide that is used on skin or living tissue for the purpose of inhibiting or destroying microorganisms.
Degree of microbial killing required n Nature of item/surface to be treated n Ease of use n Safety n Cost
Decontamination Agent Efficacy n n n n n n n n Type of organism Number of organisms Amount of organic material present Type & configuration of material to be treated Type & concentration of germicide Time and temperature or exposure pH Humidity 2.10 .
Decontamination Methods Heat n Chemical n Radiation n 2.10 .
Decontamination Heat n Types n n n Moist – steam Dry Incineration *The most effective method of sterilization 2.10 .
Decontamination Heat n Steam sterilization practices n n n n Ensure proper functioning of autoclave Vessels should not be capped or plugged Large loads require longer contact time Excessive amounts of liquid should not be added to load 2.10 .
Decontamination Heat n Steam sterilization verification n n n n Direct assay Thermocouples Chemical indicators Biological indicators (Bacillus stearothermophilis) 2.10 .
Decontamination Heat n Dry heat sterilization n n Denaturation of proteins: 1600 – 1700 C/2-4 hours Effective on impervious non-organic materials like glass 2.10 .
Decontamination Heat n Incineration n n Method of choice for animal carcasses Requires certified incinerator 2.10 .
e. I.Decontamination Chemical n Types n n Liquids.10 . I. chlorox. ethylene oxide 2. hydrogen peroxide Gases.e.
complexity n n n Over 14.000 registered products Over 300 active ingredients 14 ingredients present in 92% of products 2.10 .Decontamination Chemical n Agent selection .
10 .activity n n n HLD – high level disinfection ILD – intermediate level disinfection LLD – low level disinfection 2.Decontamination Chemical n Agent selection .
paracetic acid 2. hydrogen peroxide.Decontamination Chemical n High level disinfection .10 .sporocides n n n Kills all microorganisms except high numbers of bacterial spores Require 5-10 min. exposure Examples: aldehydes.
iodophores. alcohols 2. and most viruses Require minimum 20 min.10 . tuberculosis var. exposure Examples: phenolics. fungi. bovis and all vegetative bacteria.Decontamination Chemical n Intermediate level disinfection tuberculocides n n n Kills M. chlorine compounds.
exposure Examples: quartenary ammonium compounds 2. tuberculosis var.10 . bovis Require minimum 20 min. but not M.Decontamination Chemical n Low level disinfection – hospital germicides used for housekeeping n n n Kills most vegetative bacteria and some fungi.
Lipid Viruses Herpes CMV HBV HIV Sterilization HLD ILD LLD 2. subtilis Mycobacterium MTB var. Vegatative Bacteria Pseudomonas sp.Decontamination Summary Bacterial Spores B.10 . bovis Non-lipid Viruses PolioRhinoFungi Cryptococcus sp. Salmonella sp. Staphylococcus sp. Candida sp.
1:9 1% .10 .Hypochlorite Solutions n Large Spills/Large Organic Load n undiluted from bottle 10% .Decontamination Chemical n General Lab Use .1:99 n Small Spills/Virus Inactivation n n General Surface Disinfection n 2.
10 .Decontamination 2.
11 . tips All materials used in the lab 2. isolates materials containing or contaminated with blood sharps pipettes.Biological Waste n Types n n n n n cultures. stocks. wrappers.
11 . sealable receptacles avoid over-filling dispose properly 2.Biological Waste nDisposal n n n puncture-proof. leak-proof.
- Never place lab waste into office waste containers - Place sharps into “sharps” container - Line discard containers with autoclave bag - Decontaminate discard pans before they leave the lab: 1. Disinfect outside 2. Label 3. Tape ends with autoclave 4. Tape 5. Secure for transport to autoclave
To render the object/material safe by reducing or removing the bioburden Methods
n n n
chemical ... match, contact time physical ... Heat, steam and pressure incineration other choices, i.e. shredding + chemical
12 .Medical Surveillance Criteria n n n Based on risk assessment Pre-placement n evaluate physical requirements Periodic review 2.
12 .Medical Surveillance Risk Assessment n n n The probability of infection Implies an estimate of numbers exists Predict an outcome given similar events 2.
12 .Medical Surveillance Risk Assessment n n n n n What is the natural host? Does agent cross species barriers? Wild-type agent or attenuated? Infectious for normal healthy adult? What if adult is immunocompromised? 2.
12 .Medical Surveillance Risk Assessment n Mode of transmission? n contact n fomites n mucous membrane exposure n ingestion n inoculation or insect bites n inhalation n sex 2.
12 .Medical Surveillance Risk Assessment n n n n n Volume being manipulated? Concentration of agent? Infectious dose? Past history of lab-associated infection? Secondary spread in community? 2.
12 n Post-Exposure n n n .Medical Surveillance Risk Assessment n Prophylaxis n n n Immunizations available? Pharmaceuticals? Effectiveness? Anti-microbial agents? Pharmaceuticals? Effectiveness? 2.
12 .Medical Surveillance Risk Assessment n Dealing with an unknown agent? n epidemiological data n patterns parallel to other agents n data from animal studies n route of infection 2.
practices & procedures.12 n Supervisor n n n Workers n n . access strict & rigorous attention to details of practices and procedures report incidents and exposures 2.Medical Surveillance Risk Management n Top management n n overall safety policy resource allocation implement policies training.
Medical Surveillance Risk Management n n n n n Occupational Health Clinic Immunizations.12 . chemotherapy Medical surveillance programs Incident (emergency) response Incident investigation 2.
Report to medical clinic for treatment/counseling 2.Emergency Response Personal Contamination 1. Alert co-workers 2. Apply first aid and treat as an emergency 4. Notify supervisor or security desk (after hours) 5.13 . Clean exposed surface with soap/water. eyewash (eyes). or saline (mouth) 3.
2. remove bulk & reapply if needed 6. Alert co-workers Define/isolate contaminated area Put on appropriate PPE Remove glass/lumps with forceps or scoop Apply absorbent towel(s) to spill. 5. Notify supervisor 2. Apply disinfectant to towel surface 6.13 . clean with alcohol or soap/water 9. Remove towel. mop up.Emergency Response Surface Contamination 1. 4. Properly dispose of materials 10. 3. Allow adequate contact time (20”) 8.