judiciary in China has both broad and narrow meanings. Broadly speaking,
the judiciary means law-enforcement activities conducted by the country's
judicial organs and organizations in handling prosecuted or non-prosecuted
cases. Narrowly speaking, it applies to law-enforcement activities
conducted by the country's judicial organs in handling prosecuted
cases. This presentation uses the term in the broader sense.
Judicial organs here mean public-security
organs (including state security organs) responsible for investigation,
prosecution, trial and execution of cases, the prosecutors, the
trial institutions and the custodial system. Judicial organizations
here refer to lawyers, public notaries, and arbitration organizations.
The latter, though not part of the judicial apparatus, are an integral
part and a link in the overall judiciary system.
The judiciary system in general refers to
the nature, mission, organizational setup, principles and procedures
of judicial organs and other judicial organizations. This system
comprises sub-systems for investigation, prosecution, trial procedures,
jails, judicial administration, arbitration, lawyers, public notaries
and state compensation.