Nairobi – Investment in climate change adaptation can help ensure that the impacts of climate change – including a projected 20-50 per cent decline in water availability – do not reverse decades of development progress in Africa, according to a new report released on August 12 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
“Keeping Track of Adaptation Actions in Africa (KTAA) – Targeted Fiscal Stimulus Actions Making a Difference” - is the first graphical report that presents practical examples of successful low-cost adaptation solutions from around sub-Saharan Africa in one concise handbook.
The report includes examples of successful adaptation projects that have provided the impetus for large-scale government investments and policy action.
According to the report, by 2050 Africa’s population will have doubled. The continent will then be home to 2 billion people, the majority of which will still largely depend on agriculture for their livelihoods.
“With 94 per cent of agriculture dependent on rainfall, the future impacts of climate change – including increased droughts, flooding, and seal level rise – may reduce crop yields in some parts of Africa by 15-20 per cent,” said UN Under-Secretary-General and UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner. “Such a scenario, if unaddressed, could have grave implications for Africa’s most vulnerable states.”
“Using projects implemented in various countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the KTAA report clearly demonstrates how investment in adaptation actions can provide, not just low-cost solutions to climate change challenges, but can actually stimulate local economies through more efficient use of natural capital, job creation and increased household incomes.”
“By integrating climate change adaptation strategies in national development policies governments can provide transitional pathways to green growth and protect and improve the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of Africans,” he added.
The practical publication responds to the 2013 Africa Adaptation Gap Report which was endorsed by the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment (AMCEN), and which identified the potentially crippling costs of climate change for Africa.
“Incipient threats posed by climate change, particularly in terms of potentially overturning decades of development efforts in Africa, suggest that future development efforts should incorporate greater resilience to climate change impacts,” said President of AMCEN and Minister of State for the Environment, United Republic of Tanzania, Hon. Dr. Binilith Mahenge. “The KTAA report is an action guide that showcases ways to do this in various sectors and African countries should use this as the guiding document for investments in adaptation to climate change.”
The first part of the report provides snapshots of the current and predicted future impacts of climate change on livelihoods, agriculture, and human and ecosystem health in Africa, detailing impacts by region, country and even city.
The second half of the report describes how countries through low-cost climate adaptation actions can improve the health and functioning of ecosystems; build community capacity to sustainably manage ecosystems; improve agricultural productivity; and innovatively store water.
For example, an aquatic ecosystems project in one local community in Togo led to an increase in access to water for human use, agriculture and livestock of 488 per cent.
Other Key Report Take-Aways of UNEP Climate Change Adaptation Projects:
Ecosystem Management Project – Seychelles
- Result - Seychelles introduced national legislation that changed school building codes to enable rainwater catchment systems. About 400 teachers and the students of seven schools in the Seychelles were educated in ecosystem management principles and schools saved US $ 250 each on water-related expenses.
Forest Ecosystems Project – Rwanda and Uganda
- Result – In Rwanda, 2,500 farmers were trained in land husbandry and 4,850 people were employed and paid via saving and credit cooperatives.
- Result – 432 hectares (ha) of graded terraces were established; 73.72 km of waterways, 59.77 km of cut-off drains and a 105 ha drainage system were put in place. 789 ha of forest was planted.
- Result – The US $ 100,000 project served as the impetus for the grander Rwandan Ministry of Agriculture investment of US $ 25 million.
- Result – In Uganda, an investment of US $ 13.26 per person per year generated significant gains in ecosystem protection, livelihood improvement, and the planting of over 31,000 trees.
Agricultural Ecosystems Project – Zambia
- Result - The number of participating households with one or more surplus farm products for sale rose from 25.9 per cent to 69 per cent. While 61 per cent of the households reported that sales of surplus farm products were contributing 50 per cent or more of their income.
Check the following link to read/download the Full Report: