It’s the truth, but …
How can telling the truth not benefit decision-making?
When only a selective truth is told, with many related true facts are ignored. Listeners readily make associations to displayed traits that may not be germane to the truth told. This facility of personal learning is natural and occurs across all thinking. It is the reason that sins of omissions can be so deadly.
Example. Recently Trump in politics criticized Elijah Cummings for quality of life failures in his bailiwick. I’m from Baltimore and recognize the truth underneath much of Trump’s criticisms. So how can telling the truth lead bad decision-making?
Repeated exposure to a specific case strengthens the association of all features, even those that are not germane–black, urban, Democrat, criticized Trump. Rats, poverty, drug abuse, and violence plague many white, rural, Trump-voting districts run by Republicans.
However by not criticizing or mentioning the Republican districts, listeners form an association–not by logic but by frequency of conjunction–that the problems of rats, poverty, drug abuse and violence are Democratic, urban, and black problems.
The listener’s worldview is impoverished of needed facts to distinguish between accidental and causative factors.
People only have a limited capacity for attention. When the same example overwhelms the mention of other examples, false associations become so strong they become features tied to the main argument.
When people only hear the same example again and again (Figure 2), they don