a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.
the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
subdivision of the nervous system that brings information to the cns
serves the internal organs of the body
message that travels from the dendrites of a neuron to the axon
long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron
the branching extensions of a neuron that receives messages and conducts impulses toward the cell body
large nucleated cells that form myelin around the axons of neurons
the space between two neurons through which neurotransmiters travel
receives information about changes in the enviroment (stimuli)
muscles or glands that respond to impulses
something that causes a response
contains major concentration of the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the neuron
an electrically-insulating phospholipid (fat) layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons
A relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus.
the potential difference between the two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting an impulse
change in electrical potential that occurs between the inside and outside of a nerve or muscle fiber when it is stimulated
the time after a neuron fires during which a stimulus will not evoke a response
transmission of an impulse by jumping
a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate an action potential(impulse)
part of central nervous system, links brain to rest of body
natural neurotransmitters linked to pain control
autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary action and responses.
a progressive disease that destroys brain cells and is identified by muscular tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis
a disease that results in the progressive loss of an individual's memory and mental capacity.
"Lou Gherig's Disease" - progressive neurological disease in which the motor neurons degenerate to the point of total loss of motor function. The intelligence, memory, and personality is unaffected.
disorder in which myelin is destroyed causing loss of motor activity
a type of glia; produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers in cns
main body of a neuron
nodes of Ranvier
gaps between Schwann cells
glia that resemble epithelial cells; found in the brain and spinal cord
organelles that provide protein molecules needed for transmission of nerve signals from one neuron to another
impulse traveling toward the cns
tough fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve
portion of the cell body from which the axon extends
an a three-neuron reflex arc, nerve cell that conducts impulses from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron
connective tissue that encircles a bundle of nerve fibers with a nerve
neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the cns to muscles or glands
one of the main two types of cells that compose the nervous system; support the function of the neurons
impulse conduction route to and from the cns; smallest portion of nervous system that can receive a stimulus and generate a response
thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each axon in a nerve
star shaped glia
difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of the plasma membrane
one of the five types of glia; found in the cns; act in defense of other nerve cells
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