Modern approaches to treatment of human papiloma virus infections of an urogenital tract.
Last years in many countries of the world, the case rate a papilloma is enlarged by a virus infection. The problem of its diagnostics and treatment draws attention of doctors of various specialties: dermatologists, gynecologists, urologists, oncologists, immunologists, virologists. It speaks a high contagiousness and a tendency to growth of frequency of the given disease and also ability of some versions of a papilloma virus (HPV) to initiate malignant processes. The last mostly concerns genital implications of HPV infection. The papilloma virus is found out in an integument, a mouth mucosa, a conjunctiva, an esophagus, bronchi, a rectum.
In the literature there are data that HPV-INFECTION introduction occurs at level of unripe cells of an epithelium of a skin and mucosas (a basal layer). Result of this introduction is the proliferation of cells, but without production of virus particles as proliferating cells of an epithelium aren’t capable to support life cycle of viruses. Full replication of HPV occurs only in highly specialized cells of a multilayered flat epithelium: granular, cells of a skin, superficial epitheliocytes of a mucous neck of a uterus. Now it is described an order of 100 types of papiloma virus. Various types Of HPV are bound to various kinds of lesions. It is established that with urogenital area certain types of HPV are associated. Versions are the following:
low oncologic risk;
average oncologic risk;
high oncologic risk.
Structure genome virus
Viruses of papilloma concern to the family of Papovaviridae viruses, amazing a horned cattle, birds, and also the person and capable to infect basal cells of a skin and a flat epithelium. Papilloma virus is one of the most heterogeneous groups of the viruses which criterion of differentiation is degree of genetic relationship of viruses according to molecular hybridization: it fluctuates from 10 to 85 %. Diameter of virus particles makes 55 nanometers. The virus has no external cover. The detailed analysis of a molecule of DNA HPV became possible after working out of a technique of splitting of DNA with use of endonucleases and the analysis of these fragments by means of gel-electrophoresis.
At studying of the preparations, the specific complex of the signs characterizing a kernel and a cytoplasm of epithelial cells and the viruses of papillomas caused by cytopathic action is defined.
Specific cell for this infection is collocyte representing cell of an epithelium with a clear boundary and clearly expressed perinuclear zone of an enlightenment and numerous vacuoles in a cytoplasma.
The term “ collocyte dysplasia” is defined by H. S. Stegner in 1981 It is supposed that these changes are a consequence of a reproduction of the virus causing disturbance of a metabolism of cells, leading to their partial necrosis with formation of balloon like cells.
The cytological research of the centers caused by the HPV-INFECTION has shown that in a cellular material there are mostly denuclearized cells.
It is necessary to remember that one morphology is not enough for revealing of HPV. Thereupon it is expedient to use a method of chain reaction, hybridization in situ. In the literature even more often there are reports about HPV-INFECTION definition in urine by means of chain reaction method as an alternative method of testing of samples from a uterus neck. Along with it hybridization of nucleotides is used nested chain reaction method in one test tube. Method of chain reaction is used at forms of the disease caused by the HPV-INFECTION that has no symptoms.
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