More than 12,000 opponents of the proposed Keystone XL oil pipeline encircled the White House in Washington, D.C. on Nov. 6, weeks before President Obama's expected decision on what's become an iconic environmental battle.
Despite those problems, however, Keystone XL probably wouldn't be so controversial if it carried oil from old-fashioned, stick-a-tube-in oil fields. It doesn't. Alberta's vast oil deposits are dirty and hard to reach, mixed into sand or locked deep underground. Recovering the oil is a hugely energy-intensive process, multiplying its climate footprint at a moment when extreme weather is getting worse. And if the probabilistic links between climate and weather feel fuzzy, there's nothing nebulous about the apocalyptic landscapes that Albertan oil extraction leaves behind. Primeval forests and bogs are denuded and drained, replaced by barren slopes and toxic ponds. It may take centuries for life there to recover.
"It is surreal," said Jennifer Grant, who directs the oil sands program at the Pembina Institute, an Alberta-based environmental conservation group. "It is such a vast area. From the air, you can see over 170 square kilometers" -- 65 square miles -- "of tailings ponds alone. It's astonishing to see the sheer scale."
On the following pages, Wired.com takes a tour of Pembina's tar sands photographs.