September 2016: Strokes
SPOTLIGHT ON AQUATICS & CEREBRAL VASCULAR ACCIDENTS
THE POOL IS CUSTOM-MADE FOR TREATING CVA (STROKES)
Content courtesy of the National Swimming Pool Foundation
Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death and the leading cause of serious disability in the United States. Stroke rehabilitation is complex because of the many complications and impairments of function that can follow a cerebrovascular accident, not all of them due to the neurological deficit induced. Weakness or paralysis is, of course, the chief problem in stroke recovery, but the awkward ways that the body compensates for spasticity are often a greater challenge in the longer term.
Impaired sensation and balance, together with loss of sensation, results in falls and injury and is often an impediment to therapeutic exercise. The mental and emotional alterations that follow strokes can also impair rehabilitation, but may be worsened by the effects of immobility or reduced mobility, as are the many medical complications that follow stroke. There is growing evidence from studies in the last decade that physical therapy in an aquatic environment may be easier, safer and as effective, if not more so, than standard rehabilitative measures.
Dolbow et al, 2016
This study looked at studies concerning patients with spinal cord injury or stroke who suffered from gait issues as a result of some level of paralysis. The study presents research on patients who participated in underwater treadmill training as a method of restoring their gate. The limited amount of literature on this subject shows an increase in quality of life, gait performance, leg strength, and balance in patients who have suffered a stroke.
Lee et al, 2016
Researchers investigated the cardiorespiratory responses of patients with subacute stroke to exercise stress tests in both an aquatic and land-based treadmill test. They found that the aquatic treadmill exercise had a better peak cardiorespiratory response than when a similar exercise was conducted on land. They concluded that aquatic treadmill exercise is just as effective as land-based treadmill exercise for treating patients with subacute stroke.
Matsumoto et al, 2016
This study’s aim was to evaluate the efficacy of underwater exercise in enhancing conventional therapy for post-stroke patients. A group of post-stroke patients receiving conventional therapy was contrasted with an experimental group that received both conventional land-based therapy and participated in underwater exercise. The exercise consisted of 30-minute training sessions in the pool twice a week in addition to the patients’ typical therapeutic treatments. The researchers found significant improvements in the experimental group, leading them to conclude that adding aquatic therapy to the treatment plan for post-stroke patients can improve their quality of life.
Park et al, 2016
The researchers in this study compared the effects of aquatic and land-based exercise programs on stroke patients to see what effect, if any, aquatic therapy had on gait. The subjects participated in the exercise program for 4 weeks, during which time they performed an exercise program incorporating both conventional land based exercises with aquatic exercises. The researchers found significant improvement in the patients’ gait performance ability, suggesting that adding aquatic therapy programs to conventional therapeutic measures for stroke patients may be beneficial.
Zhang et al, 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aquatic exercise on muscular strength in subacute stroke patients with partial paralysis of the lower limbs. The participants were randomly assigned to either conventional or aquatic therapy. The researchers measured the contraction and extension strength of the limbs in each group. They found the aquatic group to have significantly higher knee extension and a higher rate of ambulation. The researchers concluded that the aquatic exercise enhanced the muscle strength of the patients compared to the conventional land-based therapy group.
RECENT ANNOTATED REFERENCES
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Calderón García, A. (2015). Effectiveness of the Halliwick Method in the treatment of subacute stroke. fisioGlía: Revista de Divulgación En Fisioterapia. FisioEducación. Retrieved from http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5178623&info=resumen&...
Cappadocia, C. E., Gras, L. Z., Egbert, K. L., & Leathem, K. C. (2016). Improved Balance with Aquatic Therapy and Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training for a Patient with Chronic Strokes. Journal of Aquatic Physical Therapy, Epub ahead of print. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=ab0e95e4-6645-4f5d-9a...
Chetlin, R., & Pritt, N. (2014). The Combined Effects of Aquatic Therapy and Occupational Therapy in Stroke Patients: Phase II. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(5), 530. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_ylo=2014&q=%22aquatic+therapy%22+O...
Dolbow, J. (2016). Underwater Treadmill Training After Neural-Paralytic Injury. Clinical Kinesiology (Online), 70(1), 1–8. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1773059530?accountid=41004
Duffy, K. (2014). Aquatic therapy for a patient post-stroke: A case report. Florida Gulf Coast University. Retrieved from http://fgcu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fgcu%3A27267/datastream/OB...
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