Non-wovens describe a class of textile structures that are not created through knitting or weaving. In most cases, they describe structures that bi-pass the processing of fiber into yarn. Instead, non-wovens are textile-like materials that are created by other processes of extruding (e.g. chainmail or 3D printed textiles), growing (such as leather or kombucha), felting, a process by which individual fibers are tangled so much as to form a durable surface or structure, or electrospinning, where fibers are bonded into a fabric through electrical charge. These structures range in properties. Grown, felted, and electrospun materials are often not structurally stretchy, as they are relatively uniform and solid structures.
The method of describing or measuring a non-woven would vary by the material.
Printing, Cutting, Attaching: Iris Van Herpin
3D printed fabric structures: Francis Bitonti
3D printed fabrics: Nervous Systems Kinematics Dress
Malu Luecking Bio Plastic Non-Wovens
Giulia Tomasello, Conductive Bio Skins
DIY Smart Paper
Mushroom Burial Suits
Vegan "Grape" Leathers