Platelets count (PLT, thrombocytes)
Normal platelet count (thrombocyte count):
- adults — 150,0–400,0*109/L
- > 1 year — 180,0–320,0*109/L
- < 1 year — 150,0–350,0*109/L
- newborn — 100,0–420,0*109/L
The increase in platelet count — thrombocytosis (thrombocythemia) — can be primary, i.e. resulting from the primary proliferation of megakaryocytes, and a secondary, reactive, arising from any disease.
The decrease in the content of platelets in the blood — thrombocytopenia — can develop either as a result of insufficient production or increased platelet destruction .
Clinical forms, conditions
|Primary||Myeloproliferative diseases: chronic myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis, erythremia.|
|- in malignant tumors||carcinoma, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease|
|- in inflammatory diseases||acute rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis|
|- in acute anemia||acute post-hemorrhagic, acute hemolytic anemia|
|- after surgery
||within 2 weeks|
|2. After splenectomy.||within 2 months|
Clinical forms, conditions
|I. Decreased platelet production (hematopoiesis insufficiency)|
|- idiopathic||idiopathic hematopoietic hypoplasia|
|- after viral infections||viral hepatitis, adenovirus|
|- as a result of intoxication:|
|a) exogenous||chemicals (benzene, insecticides), antibiotics (chloramphenicol, streptomycin), alcohol, ionizing radiation|
|b) endogenous||uremia, severe liver disease|
|- infectious-toxic||viral or bacterial sepsis, miliary tuberculosis, typhus, toxoplasmosis|
|- in tumor diseases||acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis and osteomyelosclerosis, metastasis of carcinoma and sarcoma in bone marrow|
|- in megaloblastic anemia||B12 and folic acid deficiency anemia.|
|- in paroxysmal night gemoglobinurii|
|2. Hereditary:||Fanconi syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, May-Hegglin anomaly, Bernard-Soulier syndrome|
II. Increased platelet destruction
|a) primary||idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura|
|b) secondary||in systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic active hepatitis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia etc.|
|- isoimmune||in newborns (penetration of maternal antibodies), post-transfusion|
|- heteroimmune (hapten)|
|a) medicinal||drug hypersensitivity|
|b) viral||virus-induced hypersensitivity|
|2. Destruction in the spleen||hypersplenism in histiocytosis, storage diseases, lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, spleen tuberculosis, myeloproliferative liver disease, portal hypertension|
|3. Platelets usage||disseminated intravascular coagulation|
Mean platelet volume (MPV)
Expressed in femtolitre or microns3. Normally, this indicator ranges from a 7.4 to 10.4 FL and has a tendency to increase with age. "Young" platelets have a larger volume, so the acceleration of thrombocytopoiesis the mean platelet volume increases.
The increase in MPV is observed in:
- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purple
- diabetes mellitus
- smokers and individuals suffering from alcoholism
- myeloproliferative diseases
Mean platelet volume (MPV) reduction is observed after splenectomy in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
Platelet distribution width (PDW)
This indicator reflects the heterogeneity of platelet size (degree of anisocytosis). Normally platelet distribution width (PDW) is 10-20%.
Increased PDW may be a sign of the presence of platelets aggregates, microerythrocytes, platelets fragments. PDW changes in the myeloproliferative disorders.
Platelet crit (PCT, thrombocrit)
Platelet crit (PCT, thrombocrit) is a parameter that reflects the platelets proportion occupied in whole blood. In the norm thrombocrit is 0.15-0.4 %.