It seems like yesterday when I thought about creating a blog and publishing articles related to the translation area. In fact, it has been a year since “Arca do Saber” was published.
For that reason, I am here to celebrate its first anniversary with an article related to an area of my expertise as a translator: Life Science. In this English article, you will learn about the most important part of our body, especially for a translator: the brain. You will also find specific terminologies related to this complex organ.
For those who, like me, are medical translators, enjoy yourselves!
How does our brain work?
The human brain is an amazing organ. It weighs about 1.4 kilograms, in the adult phase, and is one of the most complex organs in the human body. The brain contains more than 100 billion nerve cells called “neurons” and trillions of connections called “synapses”. It makes part of the central nervous system (CNS), being responsible for controlling all functions of our body: movements, thoughts, emotions, the five senses (smell, touch, taste, sight and hearing), memory, speech, and others.
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
Cerebrum – the cerebral cortex is the largest part of the brain, which is divided into two hemispheres: left and right.
- The left hemisphere is basically responsible for our speech, logical thoughts, comprehension and communicative functions.
- The right hemisphere is primarily in charge of our creativity, artistic skills, feelings and emotions.
Cerebellum – it is located under the cerebrum and coordinates our motor movements and is divided into the following lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.
- Frontal lobe – it manages our speech, thoughts, concentration, intelligence, emotions, planning, judgement and other rationale functions
- Parietal lobe – it is basically responsible for processing sensory and cognitive information
- Occipital lobe – it is the vision control center
- Temporal lobe – it involves the auditory process: hearing, comprehension, emotional responses
Brainstem – it connects the cerebrum and the cerebellum to the spinal cord and it controls the sleep cycle, breathing, heart rate, blood pressure.
Basal ganglia – it is a group of neurons located in the center of the brain. It coordinates messages between multiple other brain areas.
The brain is surrounded by three layers of protective tissue called “meninges”. Also, there is the skull, composed of the cranium and the mandible, which protects the brain from injury.
Do you want to learn more about the terms related to the brain?
So let’s see some of them with their respective translations into Brazilian Portuguese.
PARTS OF THE BRAIN:
SOME DISEASES RELATED TO THE BRAIN:
|Alzheimer’s Disease||Doença de Alzheimer|
|Attention Deficit||Déficit de atenção|
|Bipolar Disorder||Transtorno bipolar|
|Brain Abscess||Abscesso cerebral|
|Brain Aneurysm||Aneurisma cerebral|
|Brain Cancer/Brain Tumor||Câncer cerebral ou tumor cerebral|
|Cerebral Edema||Edema cerebral|
|Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)||Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC)|
|Epidural Hematoma||Hematoma epidural|
|Huntington’s Disease||Doença de Huntington|
|Insanity||Insanidade ou demência|
|Intracerebral hemorrhage||Hemorragia intracerebral|
|Meningococcal Meningitis||Meningite meningocócica|
|Multiple Sclerosis||Esclerose múltipla|
|Parkinson’s Disease||Mal de Parkinson ou Doença de Parkinson|
|Postpartum Depression/Baby Blues||Depressão pós-parto|
|Sleep Disorders||Distúrbios do sono|
|Stroke||Derrame ou acidente vascular cerebral|
|Subdural Hematoma||Hematoma subdural|
|Traumatic Brain Injury||Traumatismo craniano ou lesão cerebral traumática|
SOME TREATMENTS RELATED TO THE BRAIN:
|Antiplatelet Agents||Agentes antiplaquetários|
|Brain Surgery||Neurocirurgia ou cirurgia cerebral|
|Cholinesterase Inhibitors||Inibidores de colinesterases|
|Levodopa||Levodopa ou L-Dopa|
|Lumbar drain||Drenagem lombar|
SOMES TESTS RELATED TO THE BRAIN:
|Brain biopsy||Biópsia cerebral|
|Computed tomography (CT scan)||Tomografia computadorizada (TC)|
|Electroencephalogram (EEG)||Eletroencefalograma (EEG)|
|Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)||Punção lombar|
|Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)||Angiografia por ressônancia magnética (ARM)|
|Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)||Imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) ou ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN)|
|Neurocognitive testing||Teste neurocognitivo|
By Ligia Ribeiro