Poster of the Northern Chile Earthquake of 14 November 2007 - Magnitude 7.7
This earthquake resulted from the release of stresses that were generated by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the South American plate. In this region, known as the Peru-Chile subduction zone, ongoing subduction occurs at a rate of about 7.8 cm/year in an east-north-east direction. The subduction process generates numerous earthquakes and volcanism, and actively builds the Andes mountains. Subduction zones produce the biggest earthquakes on the planet. The largest earthquake of the past 100 years, the magnitude 9.5 1960 Chilean earthquake, occurred in the Peru-Chile subduction zone. The 1960 Chilean earthquake ruptured a 900-km long swath along the Chilean coast about 2000 km to south of the 13 June 2005 earthquake.
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