-Regional accent Has features “SPEECH” unrelated to Is a clue in terms regional variation of: -DialectTwo people growing up in thesame place, may speak differentbecause of social factors.
Is a form of social identity -Different social groups which indicates membership of: -Different speech communities Speech communities Investigating language from this 1) Investigation of language and perspective is known as culture “Sociolinguistics” 2) Role of language in organization of social groups and institutions.Language SOCIOLINGUISTICS Society 3) Attitudes and perceptions are 1)Anthropology expressed, how in group and 2)Sociology out group behaviours are 3)Social Psychology identified.
-ClassVarieties of language -Educationuse by groups defined -Ageaccording to: -Sex Better or positive Phenomenon: valued of speaking covert prestige in social communities Ex: schoolboys attach covert prestige to forms of “bad” languages.
•People who have leave the educational system early usesinfrequent words in speech.Ex: Them boys throwed something•People who have gone to college and University havespoken language features from written language, that iswhy professors talk like books. The results of a study in New York, showed that: But in England it has the U.S higher socioeconomic status more opposite social value. [r] sounds. Lower socioeconomic status, fewer [r] sounds.
Grand parent-grandchild time span, is the most Prefer to discuss Discuss personal noticeable variation of age. sports and feelings. They uses news. In expressions conversations, associated with men used to tentativeness ex: interrupt hedges(sort of), tags women. (isnt?)•Recent researches have shown that:Female speakers tend to use moreprestigious forms than male speakers withthe same social background.
SOCIETY ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS Differences in speech AFICAN-AMERICANS It is a Is stigmatized as Have a dialect called widespread “BAD SPEECH”Black English Vernacular social dialect Ex1: Absence of the capula (forms Ex2: The use of double negative. of the verb to be), it is not standard “He don’t know nothing” English. “they mine or you crazy”
Personal dialect of each individual speaker of a language.Is related with the situation ofuse, it could be:-formal or informal writing orspeaking. The level and style of a piece of writing or speech, that is usually appropriate to the situation that it is used in.Technical vocabulary associated JERGONwith a specifical activity or group.Ex: technology, engineering.