Session 1: Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy is caused when the pancreas is unable to secrete insulin, thus slowly deteriorates the vision of the patient by affecting the retina of human eye. Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy may include blurriness, dark or empty areas in vision and even blindness. The longer the patient having diabetes, the greater is the risk of developing Diabetic Retinopathy. As a result, the tiny blood vessels in the eye are blocked due to more amount of sugar accumulation in the eye.
- Mild Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(NPDR)
- Moderate Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(NPDR)
- Severe Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(NPDR)
- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(PDR)
Session 2: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension(IIH) is a syndrome which is characterised by elevated intracranial pressure around the brain in the absence of any neural diseases. It is a rare disorder which usually occurs in children and obese women during the childbearing stages. The increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid can cause optic nerve damage and swelling, which is a condition called papilledema. The main symptoms include sever head ache, optic atrophy, and eventually leads to blindness. Since the symptoms closely matches to brain tumour, it is partially known as “pseudotumour cerebri”, meaning “false brain tumour”.
- Degree of papilledema
- Sensory visual function
- Olfactory disfunction in patients with IIH
- Ocular motility disturbances
Session 3: Glaucoma
Glaucoma is an optical syndrome which is caused by the high intraocular pressure created in the eye, damages the optic nerves that send images to the brain. If the damage progresses, then Glaucoma can lead to permanent visual loss. Most of the time, people don’t get any symptoms, therefore the disease may get unnoticed and it is referred to as “sneak thief of vision”. Sometimes due to high pressure levels inside the eye causes symptoms like head ache, blurry vision and eye pain. Glaucoma is the second leading cause for blindness worldwide.
- Open-angle Glaucoma
- Angle-closure Glaucoma
- Normal-tension Glaucoma
- Pigmentary Glaucoma
- Secondary Glaucoma
- Congenital Glaucoma
Session 4: Optical Oncology
Optical Oncology is the study of cancer which deals with the treatment of cancerous conditions of the eye and its surrounding tissues. The cancers may occur in the eyelids, the tissues behind and around the eyeball, and even the eyeball itself. The cancer which involves the orbit is rare and the most common type in the adult eye is choroidal melanoma. A variety of tumours that exist in the eye tissues can include melanomas, metastasis, retinoblastoma, lymphoma, carcinoma and so on.
- Pediatric Choroidal Melanoma
- Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma
- Radiation Therapy for Ocular Tumours
- Cryotherapy for Retinoblastoma
Session 5: Ophthalmic Lens
Ophthalmic Lens is a lens which corrects the vision in a person where the focal point in the eyes does not hit the retina. They come in a variety of forms including plastic and glass lenses worn in glasses, contact lenses placed in direct contact with the eye, and lens implants surgically inserted into the eye to correct visual impairments. Basic ophthalmic lenses correct for near- or farsightedness, where the focus point lies in front of or behind the retina. They curve to adjust the focal point and let light hit the retina precisely, allowing people to focus. Other lenses can have additional features. The earliest ophthalmic lens designs were glass.
- Single-Vision lens
- Bifocal Lens
- Trifocal Lens
- Progressive Lens
- Light protective Lens
Session 6: Vision Impairment
Vision Impairment is defined as the reduction in vision, which cannot be corrected by the usage of prescribed glasses, contact lenses, medication, or even surgery. This may affect the metabolism and daily activities of the people. The symptoms with cataracts, glaucoma, head injury, and lack of nutrition are associated with vision impairment. Multiple sclerosis and other similar related nervous disorders, brain tumours are rare causes for the blindness. Preventions include regular eye exams and controlling of diabetes mellitus is very important in preserving the sight.
- Low Visual Acuity
- Moderate Visual Impairment
- Severe Visual Impairment
- Profound Visual Impairment
Session 7: Lasers in Ophthalmology
Lasers are a stimulated emission of monochromatic, highly energised light source used for treating the vision disorders. Lasers are coherent in nature and can be sharply focused on to the damaged part of the eye. An increased understanding of laser-tissue interactions in ophthalmology has led to the use of lasers in treating a wide spectrum of diseases involving both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Lasers provide a way better to treat the vision disorders.
Session 8: Neonatal Ophthalmia
Neonatal Ophthalmia which is also known as Neonatal Conjunctivitis is defined as the conjunctival inflammation occurring in the new-born babies in the first 30 days of life. The risk factors include silver nitrate exposure, ocular trauma during delivery, mechanical ventilation, prematurity, HIV infected mothers, poor prenatal care, and poor delivery conditions. Non-specific signs of neonatal conjunctivitis include conjunctival injection, tearing, mucopurulent or non-purulent discharge, chemosis, and eyelid swelling.
- Chemical conjunctivitis
- Chlamydial conjunctivitis
- Gonococcal conjunctivitis
- HSV keratoconjunctivitis
Session 9: Diagnostic Instruments in Ophthalmology
The important technique in ophthalmology is detecting the abnormal/failure part of the eye. Most of the eye damage happens only inside the eye. In ophthalmology, diagnosis is the major important part for deciding the treatment for the patients. Only through the proper instrumentation technique, this is achieved. The posterior part of the eye consists of vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. These are viewed using the proper Instruments. Mostly for retinal analysis, optical coherence tomography(OCT) is used. OCT is an imaging technique used for viewing the eye in Two- and Three- Dimensions and for capturing the micrometre resolutions. This is the most important and emerging technologies in the diagnosis because of its easy prediction, Non-invasive technique, less strain and time consumption technique. There are many instruments specially designed for the detection of the eye problems and for the rectification.
- Digital Retinal Camera
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Imaging Systems
- Fundus Cameras
- Fluorescent Retinal Angiography
Session 10: Challenges for Ophthalmologist
Ophthalmologists may also face many challenges during the diagnosis and treatment of the vision. They are facing problems in getting clear evaluations for many diseases. The combination treatments are still under construction. Ocular imaging tools to better evaluate both therapeutic strategies and the pathophysiology of many diseases are rapidly expanding and improving. Especially, improvements in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the posterior and anterior segment need further critical evaluation.
- Effective practice of medicine
- Handling of Equipment
- Threat of Medical Liability
- Oculoplastic Surgery
Session 11: Visual Rehabilitation
Vision Rehabilitation is the method of treating and educating the visually disabled people to acquire a supreme and determined function, a sense of happiness and comfort, an independent feeling and optimum quality of life. Vision Rehabilitation is required by any condition, disease or injury results in functional limitation or disfunction. It has the potential to prevent depression and emotional distress and improves the ability to perform the daily activities and the overall visual ability.
- Low Vision Rehabilitation
- Statuary Blindness Rehabilitation
- Visual Goals
- Visual counselling
Session 12: Innovations in Eye Care
Any eye disorder detection is mainly done with the help of technology. The eye is a very sensitive organ, and the inner diagnoses of the eye cannot be done with the help of technology. Therefore, the innovation in the eye is very important for detection and treatment of eye defects. In this fast-growing technology world, there are millions of innovations and ideas. Innovation in eye helps the blind people to see the world according to their desire. Eye care helps us to know the vision needs. It indicates comprehensive eye care goes beyond a prescription for glasses or contact lenses.
- Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery
- Light-adjustable IOLs
- Corneal inlays
- Dry eye technology
Session 13: Neural Ophthalmology
Neural Ophthalmology is a combination of neurology and ophthalmology. Neural ophthalmology comprises of diseases like brain injury, stroke, mobility issues, and other nervous syndromes. The focus of the neuro-ophthalmology is on the diseases related to the nervous system that affects vision, uncontrollable eye movements, and papillary light reflexes.
- Optic nerve problems
- Double vision
- Thyroid eye disease
- Myasthenia gravis
Session 14: Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems is a therapeutic ocular delivery system for the inert care of the eye. These are commonly described to the oral eye drop, solubility ointment. These drug delivery system for the treatment of vision-threatening diseases. These systems are mostly targeted in the anterior segment of the eye. Nowadays, these are also used during the retina surgery and other eye operation section. Drug delivery is the important remedy for the eye before and after the operating and other disease infections.
- Oral and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
- Ocular and systemic side effects of drugs
- IVT injection-sparing approaches
- Transplantation technologies for retina