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Sunday, August 25, 2013
Introduction to Water Demand
Types of Water Demands:
1. Domestic Water Demand:
As per IS 1172: 1983 as well as National Building Code, domestic consumption under normal condition in an Indian city is expected to be around 135 lpcd (litres/capita/day).
Various domestic uses are Drinking - 5 lpcd, Cooking - 5 lpcd, Bathing - 55 lpcd, Washing clothes- 20 lpcd, Washing utensils - 10 lpcd, washing and cleaning of residences and houses - 10 lpcd, Flushing of toilets etc- 30 lpcd. So total is 135 lpcd.
2. Industrial Water Demand (50 lpcd):
Per capita consumption for industrial needs of a city is generally taken as 50 lpcd.
3. Institutional and Commercial Water Demand (20 lpcd):
20 lpcd is considered sufficient for the institutional and commercial uses but this demand can go as high as 50 lpcd for highly commercial cities.
4. Demand for Public uses(10 lpcd): 10 lpcd is sufficient for the public uses.
5.Fire Demand(1 lpcd) : Fire hydrants are generally provided along the mains at a distance of 100 to 150 meters apart. So this demand is generally ignored while computing the per capita demand of a city and if it is included in the total demand then this total demand is known as co-incidental demand.