My students and I just published an updated version of our preprint describing an unusual archosauriform tooth from the Chinle Formation of Comb Ridge. In this preprint we describe a small, serrated tooth that one of my student co-authors discovered as float in May of 2014. While this article is not peer-reviewed it was submitted for review last week with a few minor changes from the preprint. I caught a few things from my students I had missed before, like calling semionotiform fish tetrapods.
What is the significance of this tooth? In addition to it being the result of my high-school students' fieldwork, this rather plain-looking tooth is somewhat unusual.
|MNA V10668. Image from Lopez et al., 2015. A lingual B labial C distal D mesial E apical F basal. Scale bar = 1 mm. CC BY-4.0|
A further look at it tells a different story. When my students looked at it and compared it to other Triassic teeth they noticed several differences. It has more serrations on the distal carina than most of the other reported taxa from the Chinle. It is labiolingually compressed, much more than a phytosaur but much less than a dinosauromorph.
My prompt to the students was relatively simple; identify this tooth to the most exclusive group you can. My students spent lots of time describing and comparing MNA V10668. A couple of my students were very stressed out but came through with useful comparisons, as I mentioned above (and detail in the paper).
One thing that was not adequately done in the first draft of the manuscript was a comparison with phytosaurs. The students, including ones who didn't become authors, were either A) not very good at elucidating the similarities and differences between MNA V10668 and phytosaurs or B) didn't attempt to do so at all. This was a problem since no doubt any reviewer would immediately ask to see why we thought this tooth was different from phytosaur teeth. Now adult phytosaurs were easy to distinguish from: they are quite a bit larger than MNA V10668.
|Machaeroprosopus skulls at the New Mexico Museum of Natural History. CC-BY 2.0, created by Lee Ruk. No scale is provided but the skull is certainly longer than 1 meter.|
Juvenile phytosaur jaws. Top: PEFO 13890/MNA V1789, Macheroprosopus zunii premaxillae in A) ventral view. Bottom: MNA V3601 right dentary in B) lateral C) dorsal views. Scale bar = 1 cm. From Lopez et al. (2015), CC-BY 4.0
In any case, it appears pretty clear to my students (and myself) that MNA V10668 represents something other than a phytosaur. For that matter, it doesn't correspond to any other identified taxon from the Chinle Formation. Is it unique enough to name a new taxon off of? I don't think so. I admit this is a subjective call, but since the concept of a species in a paleontological sense is subjective anyway I don't see a problem there. In any case it is not like any other identified animal tooth from the Triassic of the southwest.
2015) An unusual archosauriform tooth increases known tetrapod diversity in the lower Chinle Formation (Late Triassic) of southeastern Utah. PeerJ PrePrints3:e1539 https://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1110v2