What is papillary (serous) cystadenoma of the ovary: borderline, causes
One of the common diseases, which is revealed in reproductive age women, is a tumor on the ovary, the so-called cystadenoma. This formation is a cavity surrounded by a dense shell and filled with fluid.
The cystadenoma often has a round shape with sharp edges and, as is typical for this type of education, it develops in a single ovary. In medicine there is also a classic expression an ovarian cyst. And, depending on the condition of the walls, it is divided into simple serous cystadenoma (has a smooth and straight surface) and papillary carcinoma (also called papillary due to the presence of small dense outgrowths similar to warts).
Causes and symptoms of ovarian cysts
The etiology of tumors appearing in the ovaries is still not too well understood, but the main reason for their occurrence are hormonal disorders.
The main reasons include:
- hormonal disruptions in the body;
- stress, deep and strong feelings;
- emotional and physical stress;
- rare sexual intercourse or long abstinence;
- available in the body the virus of genital herpes or human papillomavirus;
- diseases of the sexual sphere chronic etiology;
- transferred venereal diseases, as well as the stage of exacerbation;
- ectopic pregnancy, abortion;
- operations on the ovaries made in the past;
- genetic predisposition.
Normally the cyst does not feel and the obvious symptoms are not seen. It is most often diagnosed by routine physical examination for an ultrasound. The main reason for concern may become irregular or weak abdominal pain, right or left, i.e. from the side where the cyst is located.
Clear symptoms, the presence of cysts of large size:
- nagging pains in the abdomen;
- recurrent acute pain in the middle of the cycle, which are accompanied by bloody discharge;
- disturbed menstrual cycle;
- pain during physical activity and sexual intercourse;
- recurrent nausea and vomiting;
- frequent urge to the toilet, pain during urination or during defecation.
Papillary cystadenoma – a category of serous tumors, manifested by feeling of heaviness and pain, menstrual disorders, and infertility. Some types of tumors can degenerate into adenocarcinoma. To diagnose this disease is possible by means of invaginating ultrasound, laparoscopy.
The development of papillary cysts are very often observed in bilateral lesions of the ovaries and the special location of the tumor itself. Depending on the location of the papilla, note the following forms:
- inverting – in the middle of the cysts;
- martiria on the outer surface of the capsule;
- combined inside and outside cysts.
The growth and increase papillae are often distributed on the peritoneum, but it is not an indicator of malignancy of the tumor.
In most cases, the sizes of papillary cystadenoma not exceed 10 cm in diameter. Every second of such a cyst may degenerate into cancers.
Disease at the initial stage does not manifest itself. In some forms formed ascites of serous nature, which entails the increase in size of the abdomen and adhesions, which subsequently is fraught with infertility. In the case of severe and neglected manifestations, necrosis of tumor, cyst rupture is noted intra-abdominal bleeding, the occurrence of peritonitis.
Papillary cystadenoma can be detected after carrying out diagnostic examinations and histological analyses. In the process of the ultrasound determined by the actual size of the cyst, the thickness of the capsule size and the presence of cameras and papillae. In some cases for more accurate diagnosis additionally performed CT or MRI of the pelvic organs. The final diagnosis after a laparoscopy, biopsy, and histology.
Treatment, which is recommended in papillary cyst of the ovary, provides only surgical removal of the affected organ.
In a situation of bilateral cystadenoma, regardless of age, removes both ovaries. During menopause or in borderline tumors can be produced by amputation of the uterus with appendages, after which the affected tissue is transferred for histological examination.
Timely diagnosis and excision of the mass on the ovary to prevent relapse. But to rule out cancer risks, there should be continuous monitoring by a gynecologist.
The most common tumor is the serous cyst. It can grow to large sizes, which is manifested in the form of pain in the abdomen, of heaviness and discomfort. This benign tumor rarely develops into cancer of the ovary. Most often serous cyst appears after age 40, however, there are cases of the formation of this problem at an earlier age.
Serous cyst: the main symptoms
A tumor of this kind successfully be diagnosed with ultrasound. If there are no indications for urgent surgical intervention, the formation being monitored, which can take several months. Because it is a functional cyst, there is a possibility of its reduction or complete disappearance. And in order to affect the rate of absorption can be assigned to hormonal or anti-inflammatory therapy.
Treatment of serous cystadenoma carries a surgical character. The amount and method of operation usually depend on the following factors:
- age of the patient;
- the condition of the ovaries;
- the size, type, location of the tumor;
- possible side pathology.
Estimated volumes of transactions can also be different. They provide full or partial removal of reproductive organs:
- excision of the tumor followed by reduction of the authority;
- removal of the tumor with the affected ovary;
- cut one or two ovaries;
- the amputation or extirpation of the uterus.
After surgery a cyst subjected to histological studies. In the case of pure tumor removed only the affected appendage. If the formation on two sides, required resection of the ovaries, and then maintains the ability to later conceive.
Complete removal of the uterus or ovaries is shown in the case when there is malignant nature of the cyst and the potential risk of metastases. Besides, if histology tests and biopsies were disappointing, after surgery you receive chemotherapy.
The cyst is very dangerous because it can lead to ovarian cancer. Timely diagnosis and removal of tumors will save many problems in the future.
Features of borderline papillary cystadenoma
In the border of the papillary tumors are abundant and frequent papillary formation with the presence of vast fields of deployment. The main diagnostic indicator is the lack of invasions, but also to determine invaginate without much signs of irregularities.
In identifying the border of the papillary cyst on the ovary in young women who are interested in the future to have children, applies salpingo-oophorectomy on the affected areas, as well as resection of the second ovary. Women preclimacteric age undergo a hysterectomy with the ovaries and omentum.