Bullying Online May Be Less Harmful Than In Person
A new study published by the American Psychological Association attempts to clarify the emotional toll of cyberbullying as compared to in-person provocation.
Contrary to popular belief, cyberbullying that starts and stays online is no more emotionally harmful to youngsters than harassment that only occurs in-person, say researchers. In fact, the online bullying may actually be less disturbing because it is often of shorter duration and does not involve significant power imbalances.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire analyzed data from the Technology Harassment Victimization Study, funded by the National Institute of Justice. They focused on telephone interviews conducted in 2013-2014 with 791 American youth ages 10-20 (49 percent male).
Investigators found that 34 percent of the interviewees reported 311 harassment incidents in the prior year. Among the harassment incidents, 54 percent were in-person only; 15 percent involved technology only; and 31 percent involved a combination of the two.
Although technology-only incidents were more likely to involve large numbers of witnesses, they were least likely to involve multiple perpetrators, the study found.
Also, while technology-only incidents were more likely to involve strangers or anonymous perpetrators, this appeared to be less distressing to youth than harassment by schoolmates and other known acquaintances.
“Technology-only incidents were less likely than in-person only incidents to result in injury, involve a social power differential and to have happened a series of times,” said lead researcher Kimberly J. Mitchell, Ph.D.
“Mixed episodes, those that involved both in-person and technology elements, were more likely than technology-only episodes to involve perpetrators who knew embarrassing things about the victim, happen a series of times, last for one month or longer, involve physical injury, and start out as joking before becoming more serious.”
Researchers believe the mixed episodes appear to be the most distressing to youth.
Many researchers and advocates have assumed that technology-based bullying would be particularly damaging to victims because online harassers can post pictures or videos, anonymously and to large audiences. Also, the aggression can reach the targets any time of the day or night.
However, the new findings suggest that technology by itself does not necessarily increase the seriousness and level of distress associated with peer harassment.
“Instead, data from this study indicated that factors such as duration, power imbalance, injury, sexual content, involvement of multiple perpetrators, and hate/bias comments are some of the key factors that increase youth distress,” said co-author Heather Turner, Ph.D.
The researchers said the survey allowed them to gather extensive details about separate harassment incidents and to examine new technology as one aspect of many possible aggravating incident features.
Research on cyberbullying to date has mostly been conducted separate from or parallel to research about in-person bullying, they said.
“We believe that focusing on harassment incidents that involve both in-person and technology elements should be a priority for educators and prevention experts who are trying to identify and prevent the most serious and harmful bullying,” Mitchell said.
The study is published in APA’s journal Psychology of Violence.
Nauert PhD, R. (2018). Bullying Online May Be Less Harmful Than In Person. Psych Central. Retrieved on September 29, 2020, from https://psychcentral.com/news/2015/06/04/bullying-online-may-be-less-harmful-than-in-person/85347.html