Year 1361 (MCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
January - December
- In the Marinid Empire in modern-day Morocco, Abu Salim Ibrahim is overthrown by Abu Umar, who is in turn overthrown by Abu Zayyan.
- The Blue Horde descends into anarchy. Between 1361 and 1378, over 20 khans succeed each other in different parts of the Blue Horde's territory.
- Chinese rebels capture the Goryeo capital.
- Earliest known musical keyboard instrument built with the layout of black and white keys that has since become standard.
- February 26 - Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, King of Bohemia (d. 1419)
- date unknown
- January 7 - Gerlach I of Nassau-Wiesbaden
- March 17 - An-Nasir Hasan, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (b. 1334/35)
- March 23 - Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, English soldier and diplomat
- June 9 - Philippe de Vitry, French composer (b. 1291)
- June 15 - Johannes Tauler, German mystic theologian
- June 17 - Ingeborg of Norway, princess consort and regent of Sweden (b. 1301)
- September 18 - Louis V, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1315)
- October 4 - John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray, English baron (b. 1310)
- October 8 - John Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Beauchamp, Warden of the Cinque Ports
- November 21 - Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (plague) (b. 1346)
- date unknown
- Giovanni, son of Francesco Petrarch (plague)
- Richard Badew, Chancellor of Cambridge University
- Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (b. 1295)
- Hajji Beg, Barlas leader