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Gene Mapping began when the US Government held a conference to explore if DNA damage occurred in people exposed to low levels of radiation in Japan after the 1945 Atomic Bombs There scientists quickly realized that observing the human genome could be useful in discovering environmental mutates Shortly afterwards Renato Dulbecco revealed the entire sequence of human DNA and had a great impact on cancer research Purves et al 1998 In 1990 scientists from around the world began the Human Genome Project and would set out to map the human genome to provide a key to the collective history of human disease that will allow an unprecedented acceleration of the study of pathogenesis The first stage of the project was the construction of a genetic linkage map followed by a variety of physical maps see illustration one The Human Genome Project HGP is a federally funded research project that was expected to take 15 years from the start and cost several billion dollars The project was controversial from the start over its scientific worth relative to other projects and had considered the private sector for financing the HGP Annas and Elias 1992 With the overall intent of furthering the basic scientific understanding of human genetics and the role of genes in health and disease the projects initial goals were Construction of a high-resolution genetic map of the human genome Production of a variety of physical maps of all human chromosomes and of the DNA of selected model organisms with emphasis on maps that make the DNA accessible to investigators for further analysis The series of maps would be of increasing fine resolution Determination of the complete sequence of human DNA and DNA of selected model organisms Annas and Elias 1992 In fact with the development of new technology faster more accurate and less expensive methods of mapping have developed Speculating that it may be finished before its target date of 2005 Murray et
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