Article 7.1 of the Paris Agreement sets out the overall objective of adapting to improving adaptive capacity, building resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change, in order to contribute to sustainable development and ensure an appropriate response to adaptation in the context of the agreement`s temperature target. The INDCs include emission reduction measures and also aim to take into account the measures taken to adapt to the effects of climate change and the assistance the country needs or will provide to deal with climate change. The first INDC presentation in March 2015 was followed by an evaluation phase to verify the impact of INDC presented ahead of the 2015 UN climate change conference.  According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, human-caused emissions — such as fossil vehicles and power plants — must be reduced by almost half from the most recent levels by 2030, and then reach net zero at the beginning of the second half of the century to avoid the most dangerous and costly consequences of climate change. The current cycle of NDC updates plays a key role in defining this course by defining the direction of travel for the next decade. Stronger NDCs can create the political environment to manage investments and attract climate finance. And they can ensure transparency and accountability through national and multilateral processes. The «insufficient» range at «1.5 C Paris Agreement compatible» represents the entire «Fair Share» area of a country, excluding the highest and lowest values in the full sample of equity studies that constitute outliers for that country. This means that the upper and lower ends of the «Fair Share» area are defined by the second highest/lowest category. To eliminate extreme outliers for each category, we only take into account values in the 10th to 90th percentiles of all values contained in this category. The American people believe in climate change — and they are determined to address it. Although both the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement intend to combat climate change, there are significant differences between them. Now, that future could be in jeopardy, as President Donald Trump prepares to pull the United States out of the agreement — a step he can only legally take after the next presidential election — as part of a larger effort to dismantle decades of U.S.
environmental policy. Fortunately, instead of giving up the fight, city, state, economy and citizens across the country and around the world are stepping up efforts to advance the clean energy advances needed to achieve the goals of the agreement and curb dangerous climate change, with or without the Trump administration. The IPCC notes that climate change is limited only by a «substantial and sustainable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.» While the benefits of presenting a single global temperature threshold as a dangerous climate change can be discussed, the general scientific view is that an increase in global temperatures of more than 2 degrees Celsius would be an unacceptable risk — potentially leading to mass extinctions, more severe droughts and hurricanes, and an arid region.