After tapping from Induction Furnace (IF) or Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), molten steel for high quality or specially applications is subjected to further refining in a number of alternative processes collectively known as ladle refining or secondary steel making.
The Objectives of these processes are Removal of Oxygen (Deoxidization), Removal of Hydrogen (Degassing), to reduce sulfur concentrations as low as 0.002% (Desulfurization), Removal of undesirable nonmetallic elements (Micro-cleanliness), Changing the composition of remaining impurities to improve the microstructure (homogeneity) of the steel (Inclusion morphology), Increases toughness, ductility, transverse properties (Mechanical properties and also for temperature rise (Superheating).
L.R.F also used as a buffer between the basic melting furnaces such as Induction Furnace (IF) or Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and Continuous Casting Machine (C.C.M).
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