2010 Student Projects
Education in Omaha
The Great Migration
World War II
2011 Student Projects
Military Service: Civil War
Military Service: Vietnam War
Civil Rights: Tactics and Strategy for Change
Community Cohesion: Native Omaha Days
Press and Newspapers
Politics: Pioneering Politicians
2012 Student Projects
2013 Student Projects
Art and Music
2014 Student Projects
Arts & Culture
Modern Civil Rights
Early Civil Rights
2015 Student Projects
Nisei Plaza - Invisible History
The Rose Theater
Miguel Hernandez Keith
Dr. James Ramirez
Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte
Charles B Washington Branch
Dorothy Eure and Lerlean Johnson
Dorothy Patach Environmental Area
2016 Student Projects
Judge Elizabeth Pittman
Senator Edward Danner
About the Program
NORTH OMAHA African American Work and Business
How do the three different sections of this topic contribute to your understanding of the role of business and employment for African
Americans in Omaha?
Work and Business
Research compiled by: Precious K., Juan M., Janysha M., Jimmie Foster, and Michelle Tiedje
African American Work and Business
This page explores the history of African American work and business in Omaha. The topic has been broken into three main sections: the stockyards, the businesses of Twenty-fourth Street, and employment with the Union Pacific Railroad. The stockyards (and the meat-packing plants associated with them) were a major factor in attracting African Americans to the city. Twenty-fourth Street was the center of North Omaha's African American community during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, but deteriorated during the turbulent years of the Civil Rights Movement. In recent years, there have been efforts to revitalize the district. The Union Pacific Railroad began employing African Americans as strikebreakers during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, and later offered African Americans jobs as porters, cooks, and waiters. Although these jobs were service-based, they generally paid much better than jobs available in the South and were therefore well-respected within Omaha’s Black community.
Twenty-fourth Street - 24th & Lake Business DistricT
This picture represents business and technology on Twenty-fourth Street in the present day. In the past, Twenty-fourth Street was the main area for African Americans to socialize and conduct business. The street once had many stores, clubs, and buildings, like the Showcase Lounge, the Jewell Ballroom, and the Omaha Star (a prominent African American newspaper). The Omaha Star is one of the few old businesses that remain. It celebrates its 72nd Anniversary as of 2010. The Jewell Ballroom building is currently being used for various activities; the first floor is occupied by a post office. The Showcase is still a social hall that many older African Americans continue to frequent. (Photo taken by Jimmie Foster).
Artifact: Thank you letter to Mr. Raymond Willis, Railroad Cook
This artifact is a thank you letter from Utah Governor J. Bracken Lee to Mr. Raymond Willis, Sr., a local African American who worked as the personal chef for three Union Pacific Railroad presidents. Mr. Willis also cooked for prominent business leaders, political figures and leading celebrities when they rode the train. Jobs with the UP were highly regarded within the African American community. Many Black migrants came to Omaha with the hope of securing one of these good jobs. This letter of praise is significant because it contrasts with the often negative ways Black workers were portrayed at the time, and highlights the high caliber of work provided by African Americans despite stereotypes to the contrary.
(Artifact image courtesy of Mr. Raymond Willis, Jr.).
Twenty-fourth Street - 24th & Lake Business District
This picture represents business and technology on Twenty-fourth Street in the present day. In the past, Twenty-fourth Street was the main area for African Americans to socialize and conduct business. The street once had many stores, clubs, and buildings, like the Showcase Lounge, the Jewell Ballroom, and the Omaha Star (a prominent African American newspaper). The Omaha Star is one of the few old businesses that remain. It celebrates its 72nd Anniversary as of 2010. The Jewell Ballroom building is currently being used for various activities. The Showcase is still a social hall that many older African Americans continue to frequent. The Omaha Business and Technology Center building houses numerous small businesses. (Photo taken by Jimmie Foster).
Omaha possesses a rich history of African American work and business. During the period of the Great Migration, millions of African Americans were drawn from the South to the North, Midwest, and West in search of an escape from the discrimination of the Jim Crow South, fear of lynching, poverty, natural disasters, and agricultural decline. Large Northern industrial cities such as Omaha, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Philadelphia attracted those searching for employment, education, and greater freedom. Many Black migrants initially viewed the urban North as a sort of “Promised Land,” yet soon found that job and housing discrimination, poverty, educational and social inequality, and violence were problems that were not limited to the South.
In Omaha the railroads, stockyards, and meat-packing plants were the largest employers of African Americans. These jobs typically paid well enough that many African Americans were able to climb out of poverty and join the ranks of the working and middle classes. Omaha was also home to many businesses owned by African Americans. During the 1930s, 40s and 50s, North Omaha’s Twenty-Fourth Street was a vibrant business district.
Business and employment were often great sources of racial tension—particularly during periods of economic and social strife. Racist practices such as “redlining” and racially-restrictive real estate covenants confined Omaha’s African American population to certain areas of the city. This shared tension and strife in many ways encouraged the development and maintained the strength of Omaha’s Black community. Those who were able to own businesses or obtain jobs on the railroads, in the stockyards, and in the meat-packing plants not only benefitted financially, but socially as well. Well-paying positions and the increased social status that accompanied them provided other members of the community positive role models to look up to.
Changes to the nature of African American work and business during the turbulent years of the Civil Rights Movement elicited significant changes in Omaha’s Black community. An understanding of the history of these changes is vital to any understanding of the African American community in Omaha of today.
FOR MORE INFORMATION SEE:
Calloway, Bertha W. and Alonzo N. Smith. Vision of Freedom on the Great Plains: An Illustrated History of African Americans in Nebraska. Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Company, 1990.
G. P. N. Educational Media. (1994). A Street of Dreams [Motion Picture]. (Available from GPN Educational Media, P.O. Box 80669, Lincoln, NE).
Howard, Ashley M. “Then the Burning Began: Omaha, Riots, and the Growth of Black Radicalsim, 1966-1969.” M.A. thesis, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 2006.
Jones, Patrick. Lecture on the Great Migration and Jazz, Making Invisible Histories Visible project, presented in Omaha, Nebraska at the Metro Community College Fort Omaha Campus, Institute for Culinary Arts Building, July 19,2010.
Smith, Alonzo N., Compiler, Black Nebraskans: Interviews from the Nebraska Black Oral History Project II. Nebraska: Nebraska Committee for the Humanities, 1982.
Smith, Rudy. Lecture on the Importance of Knowing North Omaha’s History, presented in Omaha, Nebraska at the Metro Community College Fort Omaha Campus, Institute for Culinary Arts Building, July 15, 2010.
Willis, Raymond, Jr. 2010. Interview by Juan M., Precious K., Janysha M., Michelle Tiedje, and Jimmie Foster, 20 July. Digital recording with video.
I enjoyed this camp very much. I learned boatloads about AfricanAmerican history and would do it all over again if given the chance. Some of the things I learned about at this camp include the history of the stockyards, Union Pacific Railroad These businesses were of huge importance to the Black community because they got money to provide for their family. I learned that 24th & Lake used to be full of business, it was also the place for shopping, entertainment, and work. I enjoyed this project just like many others, and I thank all the people who helped me.
I really enjoyed this project! It was fun and a great learning experience. I heard many stories and saw documents about racism, redlining, among other things. We also learned about the Black community in the early 1900s. I saw important things and I learned a lot, like how vibrant 24th Street used to be and that there was a strong Black Community in Omaha.The Great Migration was the biggest migration in the U.S. of African Americans. I heard a quote that I like, too, and it says “If you don’t know your past, you won’t have a future.”
- Janysha M.
These past seven days working with African-American history have been great! I learned a lot that I didn’t know about Blacks in Omaha. One thing I did learn was that 24th and Lake was a place where Blacks and whites got together to listen to music, dance, and work. Before the riots of the 1960s, there were also many black-owned businesses. We interviewed Mr. Willis who told us a lot about Union Pacific Railroad and what it was like to be a porter back in his day. I have grasped a lot from the guest speakers and professors. From the lecture on the Great Migration, I learned that Omaha wasn’t segregated by law, but through other ways, like redlining. I think this program was a great idea because I got to experience many different aspects of the African-American past and today.