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Reich, (German: “Empire”), any of the empires of the Germans or Germany: the Holy Roman Empire (q.v.); the Second Reich, led by the Prussian Hohenzollerns (1871–1918); or the Third Reich of Nazi Germany (1933–45). See Germany.
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Germany, country of north-central Europe, traversing the continent’s main physical divisions, from the outer ranges of the Alps northward across the varied landscape of the Central German Uplands and then across the North German Plain.…
Germany: The promotion of the German church…conducted the affairs of the Reich much more than the lay lords, even in war. They were its habitual diplomats and ambassadors. Unlike Henry I, Otto I and his successors sought to free the prelates from all forms of subjection to the dukes. The king appointed most of them, and…
Otto I: Foreign conquests…with the enemies of the
Reich.After prolonged fighting, Liudolf had to submit in 955. This made it possible for Otto to defeat the Magyars decisively in the Battle of the Lechfeld, near Augsburg, in August 955; they never invaded Germany again. In the same year Otto and the margrave…
German Civil Code…with the formation of the
Reich(“empire”) in 1871 was it possible to undertake a program of national codification. Commissions were established, and, when the first draft of the code was presented for critical appraisal in 1888, it was rejected as being too Roman. A second draft was promulgated in…
Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire, the varying complex of lands in western and central Europe ruled over first by Frankish and then by German kings for 10 centuries (800–1806). (For histories of the territories governed at various times by the empire, seeFrance; Germany;…