What is gestational diabetes mellitus?
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition that can affect pregnant women. Although this condition, also known as GDM, disappears after pregnancy, it can have long term effects on both the mother and baby. For example, women with GDM have a higher chance of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
Infants born to mothers with GDM are at a higher risk of obesity and diabetes during adulthood. It’s important to treat this condition according to your doctor’s instructions to reduce risk to you and your baby.
Who is at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus?
Any pregnant woman is at risk for GDM. This is because this condition is caused in part by a hormone unique to pregnancy that supports the placenta. This hormone can cause insulin resistance in the body, which leads to hyperglycemia and thus, gestational diabetes.
What are the symptoms pregnant women should watch out for?
The symptoms of GDM are very similar to regular diabetes. However, they are also similar to normal symptoms of pregnancy. If you experience these symptoms, don’t automatically write them off as normal. Go to your doctor right away if you experience the following:
- Excessive thirst and/or urination.
- Frequent bladder and/or vaginal infections.
- Nausea and/or vomiting.
How is this condition diagnosed?
Every pregnant woman is screened for GDM around 24 to 28 weeks gestation. Oral glucose tolerance tests will be administered. This normally consists of the pregnant woman drinking a glucose solution then getting tested. Fasting blood sugar may also be taken. After multiple screenings for maximum accuracy, results will be analyzed and a diagnosis will be reached.
How is gestational diabetes mellitus treated?
Sometimes, insulin is required to stabilize blood glucose levels. However, for women who are borderline diabetic or have a very mild case of GDM, all that may be needed are diet and exercise changes. Women with GDM are urged to eat healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, lean protein, whole grain and lowfat dairy in moderate portions at regularly spaced intervals throughout the day.
Exercise is also recommended because physical activity can help your body use excess glucose without the need to produce insulin. Your doctor can advise you which exercises you can do and which you should avoid.