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This article’s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia’s guide to writing better articles for suggestions. This article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor’s personal feelings about a topic. Moral Development focuses on the emergence, change, and understanding of morality from infancy through adulthood. Morality develops across a lifetime and is impacted by an individuals experience’s and their behaviour when faced with moral issues through different periods physical and cognitive development. Notions of morality development have been developed over centuries, the earliest came from philosopher like Confucius, Aristotle, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who all took a more humanist perspective and focused on the development of the conscience and sense of virtue.
Freud: Morality and the Superego: The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, proposed the existence of a tension between the needs of society and the individual. Skinner’s Behavioural Theory: A proponent of behaviorism, B. Skinner similarly focused on socialization as the primary force behind moral development. Kohlberg: Moral Reasoning: Lawrence Kohlberg was inspired by the works of Jean Piaget and John Dewey.
For the past 20 years, researchers have expanded the field of moral development, applying moral judgment, reasoning, and emotion attribution to topics such as prejudice, aggression, theory of mind, emotions, empathy, peer relationships, and parent-child interactions. Melanie Killen and Judith Smetana, provides a wide range of information about these topics covered in moral development today. A hallmark of moral understanding is intentionality which can be defined as an attribution of the target’s intentions towards another. Moral questions tend to be emotionally charged issues which evoke strong affective responses.