DNA: It's Not Just for the Living Anymore
To people who say that true nanomachines --- those that assemble themselves from the bottom up --- are impossible, the best answer true believers can give is simply to present their own existence as proof of concept. We are self-assembled out of simple building blocks.
For many, this settles the argument quickly. I do not believe it does, but I'll get into that further down if you'll stay with me. For now, for the sake of argument, let's say that all that is left is for us to figure out how nature manages this bottom-up self-assembly. But you do not necessarily need to figure out how this feat was accomplished. You can take a shortcut and use DNA, the gift handed down to us via nature's laboratory and a few billion years of evolution.
DNA exists to self-assemble and its strands are a scaffolding upon which we can build more and more complex structures. DNA can give us not only the physical frame but also the template by which we can learn how to program synthetic versions to obey our commands. This is outlined in a recent paper co-authored by CalTech's Paul Rothemund, a DNA nanotech pioneer, in Nature Chemistry.
British scientist Richard Jones, author of "Soft Machines," noted just this week on his blog that DNA nanotechnology is fast becoming the place to watch for truly amazing developments. Jones writes:
For many years DNA nanotechnology could have been viewed as a marvelous technical tour-de-force with little potential for real applications, but the continuing exponential falls in the cost of synthetic DNA and the increasing sophistication of the devices being created in the growing number of laboratories working in this field makes this conclusion less certain.
Jones was referring specifically to the work of NYU's Nadrian Seeman, who for a decade or so was pretty much the only person working on the amazing possibilities of DNA nanotechnology. More background on his "DNA Walker" and other cool stuff from Seeman's lab can be found here.
I'm from Michigan where, once upon a time, we were pretty good at engineering and assembling machines that went places and changed the world. Part of the process of creating these machines was to map them out first on CAD/CAM software. So, a few years ago, I met the creator of a Motor City company that was way ahead of its time. Nanorex, based in suburban Detroit, was a company that set out to create CAD software to help engineers design these new DNA nanostructures.
I first met its founder, Mark Sims, in 2004 just after I had won that year's prize in communication from the Foresight Institute, a nanotechnology think tank. Mark and I found ourselves sitting next to each other on the plane ride back to Michigan from Washington, D.C., and we got to talking about both of our obsessions -- nanotechnology. The difference between us was that I just wrote about it and he was actually doing something useful.
I wrote about his company for a Detroit-area tech magazine called X-OLOGY a little while ago:
When Sims founded the company in 2004, it was focused purely on creating software for the "design, simulation and analysis of atomically precise molecular machine systems." In other words, taking atoms and using their naturally occurring covalent bonds to stick them together and create just about anything. The problem, Sims says, is that nobody really knows how to actually build these molecular machine systems yet. Maybe they'll figure it out in 20 years, he predicts, and then commercialize it a few years later.
In the meantime, his shorter-term plan is to create design software for researchers working on another promising branch of nanotechnology.
Rather than create entirely new materials out of nothing but atoms, many leading-edge nanotech researchers have found something better – the beneficiary of 3.6 billion years of evolutionary research: DNA.
"The thing that's exciting about DNA is that they're doing it now," Sims says. "Here you have a material and a system with it that is programmable and capable of bottom-up self-assembly from nanoscale to literally microscale." More here (PDF 158 KB)
I wrote to Mark a few weeks ago to ask how things were going at Nanorex. He told me that, unfortunately, his company closed shop in 2008 for a number of reasons, but it was primarily that it was entirely self-funded and the economic downturn made it increasingly expensive to keep afloat. But the company was never meant to go anywhere, since so few people were actually doing any DNA nanotechnology. It was purely a labor of love by Sims.
Article printed from PJ Media: http://pjmedia.com/
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