…there are items required in very considerable volume in the life of our country, which are, at present and for various reasons, not produced in sufficient quantities at home, and are imported in major part from foreign countries. Among this list of deficit commodities is starch. (Holton tells of starch factory pos’bilities in Miss. (Dec. 7, 1934). The Winona Times, p. 4.)
Although considerably less familiar to consumers today, starch was used in the laundry, and also in manufacturing of glue and for sizing cotton thread. Starch was produced as a byproduct of corn processing and from the Irish potato, but an additional 200,000,000 pounds of imported starch was required to meet the demand. Dr. F. H. Thurber designed the machinery for the factory, based on his research as senior chemist in the U. S. Department of Agriculture, where he invented the process of removing the starch. The “first of its kind in the world” factory opened with much fanfare in November 1934 under the supervision of Dr. Thurber.The Laurel Cotton Mill used a large quantity of starch produced by the factory, as did many area laundries. In 1936,
Next to be placed on the market is an 8-ounce package of starch, retailing for 5-cents that will be sold for home laundry purposes. It will bear the stamp of the Laurel company. (Board is named for starch plant. July 23, 1936. Stone County Enterprise, p. 1.)
Although the plant was deemed successful in terms of accomplishing the production of starch from sweet potatoes, increasing production from 140,000 pounds of starch in 1934 to 2,700,000 by 1939, and expanding into dried sweet potato cattle feed, it closed after the 1944 season.
Sufficient sweetpotato [sic] starch was produced to establish it as a market commodity, to demonstrate its suitability and advantages for a variety of commercial uses, and to open up a demand for many times the output of the factory. On the basis of the experience at Laurel, the United States Sugar Corporation erected a large new factory at Clewiston, Florida, which operated during the 1945-46 and 1946-47 seasons. The plant at Laurel was discontinued after the 1944 season, when the prospective initiation of operation by the new plant in Florida made it appear that the experimental plant had served its purpose in pointing the way to establishment of commercial sweetpotato starch manufacture. (Dawson, P. R. 1966. Manufacture of sweetpotato starch experience in the United States. Agricultural Research Service, Southern Utilization Research and Development Division.)
The Florida plant also closed, after the 1946-47 season. The cost of sweet potatoes was prohibitive to produce a profit. In 1966, commercial production of sweet potato starch had not been resumed following the closure of the two plants. With the growing global market for sweet potato starch, is it feasible now? No definitive answers, although the largest manufacturers of sweet potato starch are clearly not in the U.S. There may be some companies involved in production in the U. S., but it is difficult to determine if they manufacture, or just import. As always, I enjoyed learning a little about another of the efforts to provide employment, improve the income of farmers and others, and the innovations of the Depression era.