Normalization Process is a concept in psychology, used to describe how one returns to the normal state after being, for example, sick, depressive or, on the contrary, extra happy and festive. After an individual has undergone a deep shock, return a “normal” life happens gradually and has to go through different psychological phases of denial until the person finally is in a well-functioning restored life with the opportunity to look back at the tragic loss without being again gripped by anxiety or nightmares.
Criteria of the “normal” are individual for each person and can be considered as such that usually prevail in life of this particular person. A deviation from this normality may be such person activity that derives from usually repeated routine (every day work). The normalization process intensity has to be adequate to the intensity of event or trauma so that injured person can come back to his normal life. Thus, healing is what we are calling a normalization process after severe illness, we call sadness a process of normalization after the loss of a loved one, we call grief a mourning process. Read the rest of this entry »
Lyme disease (tick-borne Lyme disease or Laymborrelioz) is mainly a transmissible infectious disease, which has a large polymorphism of clinical manifestations and is caused at least by three species of bacteria of the genus Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, such as spirochetes, which are dominated as the causative agent of the disease in the United States, whereas Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii – in Europe and Russia.
Early symptoms of the disease may include fatigue, headache, fever, and a specific rash called Erythema chronicum migrans. In some cases, if there is a genetic predisposition, joint tissues are involved in the pathological process, as well as heart and nervous system and eyes. When early, the symptoms can be arrested by antibiotics, more so if the diagnosis and treatment are carried out in the early stages of the disease. Read the rest of this entry »
Group Dynamics of a Teenage Group with Low Self Esteem
Teenagers with low self esteem formed a group to help cope with the problem they are facing. The group was formed and rules of behaviour were set to keep things simple, and to avoid controversy. This is the third session, and the group has established its purpose, which is, dealing with low self esteem among the members. The group is in its norming stage where interpersonal relations are characterized by cohesion, and the dynamics of the group members influence the relationship, the progress, the changes and the general relationship of all the members (Forsyth, 2010, p. 87).
The group is in the norming stage because members are beginning to share a common commitment to the purpose of the group. Each member is working towards the achievement of the goals set by the group. One of the members has shown natural leadership skills, and has so far been selected to lead the group. She appreciates differences in people and situations, and has shown the ability to adapt the leadership style to circumstances. The selected group leader is focusing on the continuity of the group, and has clarified the roles of each member. This has provided a workable and clear structure for the group to achieve its set goals. Read the rest of this entry »
Ancient Egypt is one of the oldest countries on earth and the cradle of Mediterranean civilization. The country had occupied the territory in the lower reaches of the Nile River in northeastern Africa. Ancient Egypt was at first narrow valley of the river Nile, which the Egyptians called Hapi, among waterless deserts and bare rocks in northeastern Africa.
However, the soil, due to flooding of the Nile, was one of the worlds most fertile. The Egyptians were awesome people. On the one hand, they invented geometry, mathematics, astronomy and knew accuracy in everything. On the other hand, they could not restore order in the matter of their gods. Important role in Egyptian mythology played the concept of the afterlife as a direct continuation of that of earth, but only in the grave. Read the rest of this entry »
Psychologists have only recently begun to use the term “Facebook addiction“. Before that, there was more generic name for these phenomenon – “Internet addiction.” Today, social networks are gaining increasing popularity. Most often, teenagers and young people under 30 are their most loyal clients. Common interests, the ability to find someone from former classmates or fellow students, or just those who were your childhood friends – all this makes social networks extremely attractive. In addition, through the social networks you can communicate with a lot of buddies at the same time, getting the right information or just having fun.
You have to sound the alarm when a person starts to blur the line between virtual and real world, when the person begins to “live in the network.” The addiction begins to emerge, when virtual friends become closer than real ones, when a Facebook user begins to feel almost physical discomfort, when there is suddenly no Internet connection, when he knows all about the cat of his virtual friend, and does not know that his best friend, who lives next door, had his son born six months ago. Read the rest of this entry »
Dark tourism, also called “Thanatourism,” is a form of tourism that involves visiting places that are associated with death, suffering, or disaster. It is generally related to the local history of the country and can be represented by the remains of a natural disaster, a former Nazi concentration camp or a memorial, here associated to the cultural heritage tourism.
Describing this form of tourism, one can sometimes speak of the “memorial tourism” or “macabre tourism” (marketing disaster) or “reality tourism” practice and its voyeuristic excesses. When to the ethical issues, legal, or health risks are added, we can speak of “extreme tourism” – a concept that evokes all the practices that usually appear antagonists with motivations of conventional tourism. Read the rest of this entry »
Electrocardiography is a method of recording and study of the electric fields generated by the heart. Electrocardiography is a relatively inexpensive, but valuable method of electrophysiological diagnostic tool in cardiology.
Electrocardiography is a direct result of electrocardiogram recording – a graphical representation of the potential difference arising from the heart contractions to the body surface. The ECG shows an average of all the vectors of actions that occur at some point in the heart.
In the XIX century, it became clear that the heart produces a certain amount of electricity. First electrocardiograms were recorded by Gabriel Lippmann using a mercury electrometer. The Lippman curves had monophasic character, only remotely resembling modern ECG. Read the rest of this entry »
Baking is a heat treatment process, including heating food by dry air in an oven. Baking temperature ranges from 160 to 250 ° C.
In the external part of the food, namely the one which is directly subjected to the heat, Maillard compounds are formed as a result of combining a fat (or degradation products thereof) with carbons and proteins. The Mailarda compounds are known for their specific aroma and appearance, however, they are not digested in the human body, and excessive consumption of these may contribute to the development of many diseases, including cancer.
As every heat treatment process, depending on the waveform, backing has certain effects. When baking starts with a low temperature, followed by its gradual rising – the heat will be distributed evenly and slowly. In such case, there can be noted an effect of a great loss of water – a process called drying. Read the rest of this entry »
Vermicompost is an organic fertilizer, a product of the processing of organic agricultural waste with earthworms (most often Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus rubellus) and bacteria with participation of other organisms (insects, fungi, etc.).
In the process of vermicomposting, weed seeds pass through the worm’s body and lose their ability to germinate. In addition, vermicompost in comparison with manure has reduced content of E. coli, decreased toxicity of heavy metals due to their transition into some sparingly soluble compounds, virtually inaccessible to plants.
Like all organic fertilizer, vermicompost improves the soil structure and its water-physical properties. There is a significant difference between vermicompost and other organic fertilizers – the high content of water-soluble forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Read the rest of this entry »
Tiger (Panthera tigris) is a large mammal of the cat family and one of four types of “big cats”. The word “tiger” comes from the Greek tigris, which in turn is derived from Iranian languages and means roar or cry at the end of a joyful greeting. The evolutionary center of origin and current habitat of tigers is East and Southeast Asia. Being the world’s largest representative of the cat family, the tiger in all ecosystems is the tip of the food pyramid. According to paleontological data, the size of modern tigers is approximately equal to the largest of the fossil representatives of the family.
Most numerous tiger subspecies is the Bengal tiger (nominative subspecies), the number of which is about 80% of all species. It is common in India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan, and Nepal. Read the rest of this entry »