In this case, attack flaw leads to perform 2 passive attacks which is identity mapping attack and a method to perform website fingerprinting and other attack called aLTEr attack that allows an attacker to redirect network connections by performing DNS spoofing.
These 3 individual attacks allow hijacking the network connection via spoofing the network by performing an active aLTEr attack.
This flaw mainly used for targetted attacks victims of such targeted attacks in practice are persons of special interest and there is more effort needed to successfully perform this attack against the target.
Researchers focused only on data link layer that maintains the wireless transmission of information between the users and the network.
“Layer two(data link layer) organizes how multiple users can access the resources of the network, helps to correct transmission errors, and protects data through encryption.”
Passive attacks against LTE network allow performing website fingerprinting attack that leaks leak information about the consumption of data per time unit.
Researchers experiment the website fingerprinting attack against LTE network and tested different devices on a selection of the 50 most popular websites on the Internet.
They performed website fingerprinting on encryption data link layer traffic in LTE and result proved that average success rate of about 89%.
Active Attack (aLTEr)
Active attack intercepts the all transmissions between the client and network, in this case, Attackers send Spoofed signals to the network or to the device by using a specific device.
Data link layers above mutual authentication on the layers prevent users connected to the fake network which is used by LTE networks. But below layer which is unprotected which allows an attacker can forward high-layer messages.
By using user data redirection attacker can modify the content of a packet if she knows the original plain text, even the packet is encrypted due to this LTE security flaw.
Also in the Active attack, The malicious DNS server performs DNS spoofing, meaning that the domain is resolved to a fake, malicious IP address. As a result, the phone sends a request the wrong IP address.