Bathinda mostly comprises of sandy soil. In rural areas big sand dunes (sand mounds) can still be seen in many places though the topography of the area experienced a vast change with the various ventures connected with green revolution. A large number of sand dunes previously existing in the villages have been leveled by the farmers to put more and more land under cultivation. No river flows through the Local Planning Area however Bathinda Branch of Sirhind Canal crosses in the middle providing a very good irrigation network. It is believed that earlier river Sutlej flew adjoining Bathinda Fort which later turned its course towards west.
Bathinda lies in the south-western region of the state and is far away from the Shivalik Hill ranges in the north-east. It is nearer to the Thar Desert of Rajasthan and quite away from the major rivers that run through the state. Therefore climatically this area has a very hot summer. During the month of June which is peak of summer season the mercury sometimes touches over 47º C and the dust storms are regular feature. There is very short spell of rainy season with scanty rainfall of about 410 mm per annum. The winter season is dry with minimum temperature touching to 0º C. The prevailing wind direction of this region is North-West to South-East.