Extractions: THE 1999 NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS goes to Gerardus 't Hooft of the University of Utrecht and Martinus Veltman, formerly of the University of Michigan and now retired, for their work toward deriving a unified framework for all the physical forces . Their efforts, part of a tradition going back to the nineteenth century, centers around the search for underlying similarities or symmetries among disparate phenomena, and the formulation of these relations in a complex but elegant mathematical language. A past example would be James Clerk Maxwells demonstration that electricity and magnetism are two aspects of a single electro-magnetic force. Naturally this unification enterprise has met with various obstacles along the way. In this century quantum mechanics was combined with special relativity, resulting in quantum field theory. This theory successfully explained many phenomena, such as how particles could be created or annihilated or how unstable particles decay, but it also seemed to predict, nonsensically, that the likelihood for certain interactions could be infinitely large. Richard Feynman, along with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, tamed these infinities by redefining the mass and charge of the electron in a process called renormalization. Their theory, quantum electrodynamics (QED), is the most precise theory known, and it serves as a prototype for other gauge theories (theories which show how forces arise from underlying symmetries), such as the electroweak theory, which assimilates the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces into a single model.
Extractions: December 1999 Edition I n October, the 1999 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Gerardus 't Hooft of the University of Utrecht and Martinus Veltman, formerly of the University of Michigan and now retired, for their work toward deriving a unified framework for all the physical forces. Their efforts, part of a tradition going back to the 19th century, centers around the search for underlying similarities or symmetries among disparate phenomena, and the formulation of these relations in a complex but elegant mathematical language. A past example would be James Clerk Maxwell's demonstration that electricity and magnetism are two aspects of a single electro-magnetic force. Naturally this unification enterprise has met with various obstacles along the way. In this century quantum mechanics was combined with special relativity, resulting in quantum field theory. This theory successfully explained many phenomena, such as how particles could be created or annihilated or how unstable particles decay, but it also seemed to predict, nonsensically, that the likelihood for certain interactions could be infinitely large. Richard Feynman, along with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, tamed these infinities by redefining the mass and charge of the electron in a process called renormalization. Their theory, quantum electrodynamics (QED), is the most precise theory known, and it serves as a prototype for other gauge theories (theories which show how forces arise from underlying symmetries), such as the electroweak theory, which assimilates the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces into a single model.
Extractions: 1950-1999 Yýllarý arasýnda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve týp alanlarýnda Nobel ödülü alan bilimadamlarý ve çalýþmalarý Yýl Çalýþma Ödül Sahibi Physics The development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and the discoveries regarding mesons made with this method. Cecil Frank Powell The pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles. "Sir John Douglas Cockcroft; Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton" The development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith. "Felix Bloch; Edward Mills Purcell" Demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contract microscope. Frits (Frederik) Zernike "Fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for the statistical interpretation of the wavefunction; and for the coincidence method and the discoveries made therewith." "Max Born; Walther Bothe" "Discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum; and precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron." "Willis Eugene Lamb; Polykarp Kusch"
Nobel Lecture 1965 By Tomonaga Development of Quantum Electrodynamics. Personal Recollections. nobel Lecture1965 by sinitiro tomonaga. (From THE NEWS, Monday, May 6, 1966). (1). http://www.senzoku.showa-u.ac.jp/dent/radiol/Prometheus/Bookshelf/Nobel_Lecture_
Extractions: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (From THE NEWS, Monday, May 6, 1966) I n 1932, when I started my research career as an assistant to Nishina, Dirac published a paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, London . In this paper, he discussed the formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics, especially that of electrons interacting with the electromagnetic field. At that time a comprehensive theory of this interaction had been formally completed by Heisenberg and Pauli , but Dirac was not satisfied with this theory and tried to construct a new theory from a different point of view. Heisenberg and Pauli regarded the (electromagnetic) field itself as a dynamical system amenable to the Hamiltonian treatment; its interaction with particles could be described by an interaction energy, so that the usual method of Hamiltonian quantum mechanics could be applied. On the other hand, Dirac thought that the field and the particles should play essentially different roles. That is to say, according to him, "the role of the field is to provide a means for making observations of a system of particles" and therefore "we cannot suppose the field to be a dynamical system on the same footing as the particles and thus be something to be observed in the same way as the particles".
High Index autobio.html. sinitiro tomonaga A short biography http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1965/tomonaga-bio.html.Steven Weinberg A http://www.highindex.com/Science/Physics/Quantum_Mechanics/People/
Åµ ±´ ¶û ½± Ïû Ï¢ ? ? ? (19181994) Julian Schwinger Shared the nobel Prize in Physics 1965With sin-itiro tomonaga (1906-1979, Japan) and Richard P. Feynman (1918-1988 http://www.networkchinese.com/chineseprof/region/other/uc_camtus/losangeles/schw
The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the Nikolai G. BasovAlexander M. Prochorov 1965 sinitiro tomonaga Quantum electrodynamics http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel.html
Extractions: Nobel Prize in Physics since 1901 Year Winners Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon Zeeman, Pieter Becquerel, Antoine Henri; Curie, Marie; Curie, Pierre Rayleigh, Lord John William Strutt Lenard, Philipp Eduard Anton Thomson, Sir Joseph John Michelson, Albert Abraham Lippmann, Gabriel Braun, Carl Ferdinand Marconi, Guglielmo Van Der Waals, Johannes Diderik Wien, Wilhelm Dalen, Nils Gustaf Kamerlingh-Onnes, Heike Laue, Max Von Bragg, Sir William Henry; Bragg, Sir William Lawrence Barkla, Charles Glover Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Stark, Johannes Guillaume, Charles Edouard Einstein, Albert Bohr, Niels Millikan, Robert Andrews Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg Franck, James; Hertz, Gustav Perrin, Jean Baptiste Compton, Arthur Holly; Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees Richardson, Sir Owen Willans De Broglie, Prince Louis-Victor Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Heisenberg, Werner Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice; Schroedinger, Erwin Chadwick, Sir James
Nobel Deeds In 1965, Dr. tomonaga sinitiro won the nobel Prize for Physics for his series ofachievements in theoretical physics, including his renormalization theory. http://www.lookjapan.com/LBst/03AprST.htm
Extractions: Sci-Tech Feature Nobel Deeds The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences again recognized Japanese scientists in 2002 with the award of Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry to Dr. Koshiba Masatoshi and Tanaka Koichi. Nakamura Masami reviews the history of Japanese success in the Nobel science prize areas and looks closely at the work of the two Japanese recipients in 2002. Table 1: Japanese Nobel Laureates (Natural Science Fields) Table 2: The Number of Laureates in Natural Science Fields Source: Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University TWO Japanese scientists, Dr. Koshiba Masatoshi (physics) and Tanaka Koichi (chemistry) were among the Nobel laureates for 2002. It was the first time that two Japanese were among the Nobel winners in the same year, and it was the third consecutive year in which a Japanese had won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
Www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/physics/nobel.txt Scott I. Chase The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards Nikolai G.Basov Alexander M. Prochorov 1965 sinitiro tomonaga Quantum electrodynamics http://www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/physics/nobel.txt
Extractions: The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1993) updated 15-OCT-1993 by SIC - original by Scott I. Chase The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. 1901 Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen X-rays 1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Magnetism in radiation phenomena Pieter Zeeman 1903 Antoine Henri Bequerel Spontaneous radioactivity Pierre Curie Marie Sklowdowska-Curie 1904 Lord Rayleigh Density of gases and (a.k.a. John William Strutt) discovery of argon 1905 Pilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Cathode rays 1906 Joseph John Thomson Conduction of electricity by gases 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson Precision meteorological investigations 1908 Gabriel Lippman Reproducing colors photographically based on the phenomenon of interference 1909 Guglielmo Marconi Wireless telegraphy Carl Ferdinand Braun 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals Equation of state of fluids 1911 Wilhelm Wien Laws of radiation of heat 1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen Automatic gas flow regulators 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Matter at low temperature 1914 Max von Laue Crystal diffraction of X-rays 1915 William Henry Bragg X-ray analysis of crystal structure William Lawrence Bragg 1917 Charles Glover Barkla Characteristic X-ray spectra of elements 1918 Max Planck Energy quanta 1919 Johannes Stark Splitting of spectral lines in E fields 1920 Charles-Edouard Guillaume Anomalies in nickel steel alloys 1921 Albert Einstein Photoelectric Effect 1922 Niels Bohr Structure of atoms 1923 Robert Andrew Millikan Elementary charge of electricity 1924 Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn X-ray spectroscopy 1925 James Franck Impact of an electron upon an atom Gustav Hertz 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin Sedimentation equilibrium 1927 Arthur Holly Compton Compton effect Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Invention of the Cloud chamber 1928 Owen Willans Richardson Thermionic phenomena, Richardson's Law 1929 Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie Wave nature of electrons 1930 Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Scattering of light, Raman effect 1932 Werner Heisenberg Quantum Mechanics 1933 Erwin Schrodinger Atomic theory Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac 1935 James Chadwick The neutron 1936 Victor Franz Hess Cosmic rays Carl D. Anderson The positron 1937 Clinton Joseph Davisson Crystal diffraction of electrons George Paget Thomson 1938 Enrico Fermi New radioactive elements 1939 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Invention of the Cyclotron 1943 Otto Stern Proton magnetic moment 1944 Isador Isaac Rabi Magnetic resonance in atomic nuclei 1945 Wolfgang Pauli The Exclusion principle 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman Production of extremely high pressures 1947 Sir Edward Victor Appleton Physics of the upper atmosphere 1948 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett Cosmic ray showers in cloud chambers 1949 Hideki Yukawa Prediction of Mesons 1950 Cecil Frank Powell Photographic emulsion for meson studies 1951 Sir John Douglas Cockroft Artificial acceleration of atomic Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton particles and transmutation of nuclei 1952 Felix Bloch Nuclear magnetic precision methods Edward Mills Purcell 1953 Frits Zernike Phase-contrast microscope 1954 Max Born Fundamental research in QM Walther Bothe Coincidence counters 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb Hydrogen fine structure Polykarp Kusch Electron magnetic moment 1956 William Shockley Transistors John Bardeen Walter Houser Brattain 1957 Chen Ning Yang Parity violation Tsung Dao Lee 1958 Pavel Aleksejevic Cerenkov Interpretation of the Cerenkov effect Il'ja Mickajlovic Frank Igor' Evgen'evic Tamm 1959 Emilio Gino Segre The Antiproton Owen Chamberlain 1960 Donald Arthur Glaser The Bubble Chamber 1961 Robert Hofstadter Electron scattering on nucleons Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer Resonant absorption of photons 1962 Lev Davidovic Landau Theory of liquid helium 1963 Eugene P. Wigner Fundamental symmetry principles Maria Goeppert Mayer Nuclear shell structure J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 Charles H. Townes Maser-Laser principle Nikolai G. Basov Alexander M. Prochorov 1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Quantum electrodynamics Julian Schwinger Richard P. Feynman 1966 Alfred Kastler Study of Hertzian resonance in atoms 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe Energy production in stars 1968 Luis W. Alvarez Discovery of many particle resonances 1969 Murray Gell-Mann Quark model for particle classification 1970 Hannes Alfven Magneto-hydrodynamics in plasma physics Louis Neel Antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism 1971 Dennis Gabor Principles of holography 1972 John Bardeen Theory of superconductivity Leon N. Cooper J. Robert Schrieffer 1973 Leo Esaki Tunneling in superconductors Ivar Giaever Brian D. Josephson Super-current through tunnel barriers 1974 Antony Hewish Discovery of pulsars Sir Martin Ryle Pioneering radioastronomy work 1975 Aage Bohr Structure of the atomic nucleus Ben Mottelson James Rainwater 1976 Burton Richter Discovery of the J/Psi particle Samual Chao Chung Ting 1977 Philip Warren Anderson Electronic structure of magnetic and Nevill Francis Mott disordered solids John Hasbrouck Van Vleck 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa Liquifaction of helium Arno A. Penzias Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Robert W. Wilson 1979 Sheldon Glashow Electroweak Theory, especially Steven Weinberg weak neutral currents Abdus Salam 1980 James Cronin Discovery of CP violation in the Val Fitch asymmetric decay of neutral K-mesons 1981 Kai M. Seigbahn High resolution electron spectroscopy Nicolaas Bleombergen Laser spectroscopy Arthur L. Schawlow 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson Critical phenomena in phase transitions 1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Evolution of stars William A. Fowler 1984 Carlo Rubbia Discovery of W,Z Simon van der Meer Stochastic cooling for colliders 1985 Klaus von Klitzing Discovery of quantum Hall effect 1986 Gerd Binning Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Heinrich Rohrer Ernst August Friedrich Ruska Electron microscopy 1987 Georg Bednorz High-temperature superconductivity Alex K. Muller 1988 Leon Max Lederman Discovery of the muon neutrino leading Melvin Schwartz to classification of particles in Jack Steinberger families 1989 Hans Georg Dehmelt Penning Trap for charged particles Wolfgang Paul Paul Trap for charged particles Norman F. Ramsey Control of atomic transitions by the separated oscillatory fields method 1990 Jerome Isaac Friedman Deep inelastic scattering experiments Henry Way Kendall leading to the discovery of quarks Richard Edward Taylor 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Order-disorder transitions in liquid crystals and polymers 1992 Georges Charpak Multiwire Proportional Chamber 1993 Russell A. Hulse Discovery of the first binary pulsar Joseph H. Taylor and subsequent tests of GR
Scientific American: The 1999 Nobel Prizes and sinitiro tomonaga when they redefined the mass and charge of the electron.Their new theory, quantum electrodynamics (QED), won them the nobel in 1965. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000D9322-3ABC-1C75-9B81809EC588EF21
University Of Chicago News: Nobel Laureates The nobel Prize in Physics 1965 with Richard P. Feynman and sinitiro tomonaga fortheir fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/nobel/physics.html
Nobel Prizes In Physics [UWA Physics] The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards in principle Nikolai G.Basov Alexander M. Prochorov 1965 sinitiro tomonaga Quantum electrodynamics http://www.physics.uwa.edu.au/Misc/nobel.html
Premio Nobel De Física - Wikipedia Translate this page Ver enlace http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index.html. Alvarez 1967 HansAlbrecht Bethe 1966 Alfred Kastler 1965 sin-itiro tomonaga, Julian Schwinger http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel/Física
Extractions: Portada Cambios Recientes Edita esta página Historia Páginas especiales Preferencias de usuario Mi lista de seguimiento Cambio Recientes Subir una imagen Lista de imágenes Usuarios registrados Estadísticas del sitio Artículo aleatorio Artículos huérfanos Imágenes huérfanas Artículos populares Artículos más solicitados Artículos cortos Artículos largos Artículos nuevos Todas las páginas (alfabético) Direcciones IP bloqueadas Página de mantención Fuentes externas de libros Versión para imprimir Discusión Otros idiomas: Dansk(Danés) English (Inglés) Esperanto Nederlands (Holandés) (Redirigido desde Premio Nobel/Física Ver enlace: http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index.html Raymond Davis, Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Gerardus 't Hooft Martinus J.G. Veltman Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines
Ciencia Al Día Internacional - Noticias Translate this page El premio nobel para Física de 1999 fue otorgado a Gerardus 't de electrodinámicacuántica (QED) de Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger y sin-itiro tomonaga. http://www.ciencia.cl/CienciaAlDia/volumen3/numero1/noticias/noticias1.html
FÍSICA - 100 Anos De Nobel - Prêmios De Física Translate this page do laser. 1965 - sin-itiro tomonaga - Julian Schwinger - Richard FeynmanPor seus trabalhos em eletrodinâmica quântica. 1966 - Alfred http://www.fisica.ufc.br/donafifi/nobel100/nobel8.htm
Nobel For Physics: All Laureates 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe 1966 Alfred Kastler 1965 sinitiro tomonaga, Julian Schwinger TheNobel Prize A History of Genius, Controversy and Prestige by Burton http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/phy-list.html
20th Century Year By Year 1965 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? . nobel Prizes. Physics The prize was awarded jointlyto tomonaga, sinitiro, Japan, Tokyo, University of Education, Tokyo, b http://www.multied.com/20th/1965.html
SunSITE India : 1999 Nobel Physics Prize The problem was solved in the 1940s by sinitiro tomonaga, Julian Schwinger andRichard P. Feynman (who shared the 1965 nobel Prize in physics for their http://sunsite.iisc.ernet.in/nobel99/phy99_rel.html
Extractions: The two researchers are being awarded the Nobel Prize for having placed particle physics theory on a firmer mathematical foundation. They have in particular shown how the theory may be used for precise calculations of physical quantities. Experiments at accelerator laboratories in Europe and the USA have recently confirmed many of the calculated results. The everyday objects in our surroundings are all built up of atoms, which consist of electrons and atomic nuclei. In the nuclei there are protons and neutrons, which in turn are made up of quarks. To study matter at this innermost level, large accelerators are required. Such machines were first designed in the 1950s, signifying the
Premi Nobel Fisica Translate this page 1969, MURRAY GELL-MANN. 1968, LUIS W. ALVAREZ. 1967, HANS ALBRECHT BETHE. 1966,ALFRED KASTLER. 1965, sin-itiro tomonaga - JULIAN SCHWINGER - RICHARD P. FEYNMAN. http://www.econofisica.com/premi nobel fisica.htm
Extractions: JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY GERARDUS 'T HOOFT - MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN - HORST L. STORMER - DANIEL C. TSUI STEVEN CHU - CLAUDE COHEN TANNOUDJI - WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS DAVID M. LEE - DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF - ROBERT C. RICHARDSON MARTIN L. PERL - FREDERICK REINES BERTRAM N. BROCKHOUSE - CLIFFORD G. SHULL RUSSEL A. HULSE - JOSERPH H. TAYLOR JR GEORGES CHARPAK PIERRE-GILLES DE GENNES JEROME I. FRIEDMAN - HENRY W. KENDALL - RICHARD E. TAYLOR NORMAN F. RAMSEY - HANS G. DEHMELT - WOLFGANG PAUL LEON M. LEDERMAN - MELVIN SCHWARTZ - JACK STEINBERGER J. GEORG BEDNORZ - K. ALEXANDER MULLER ERNST RUSKA - GERD BINNIG - HEINRICH ROHRER KLAUS VON KLITZING CARLO RUBBIA - SIMON VAN DER MEER SUBRAMANYAN CHANDRASEKHAR - WILLIAM A. FOWLER KENNETH G. WILSON NICOLAAS BLOEMBERGEN - ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW - KAI M. SIEGBAHN JAMES W. CRONIN - VAL L. FITCH SHELDON L. GLASHOW - ABDUS SALAM - STEVEN WEINBERG