SOCI 1101 week of 2/8 notes
SOCI 1101 week of 2/8 notes SOCI 1101
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This 5 page Class Notes was uploaded by Mansi Mehta on Sunday February 21, 2016. The Class Notes belongs to SOCI 1101 at University of Georgia taught by Dr. Jim Coverdill in Spring 2016. Since its upload, it has received 21 views. For similar materials see Introductory Sociology in Sociology at University of Georgia.
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Date Created: 02/21/16
Chapter 6- Groups and Organizations A. Groups like political parties provide a connection to the way we feel B. Different theories (functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist) affect the way we look at groups 6.1 Types of Groups Defining a Group A. Group-a collection of at least 2 people who interact and share a sense of identity B. Aggregate-just a crowd A. Ex: line at starbucks, crowd waiting for a bus C. Category-people who share similar characteristics but don't interact in any way A. Ex: Millennials, college students D.People within an aggregate or a category CAN BECOME A GROUP OVER TIME. A. Ex: during disasters, people who did not know each other before form together and unite Types of Groups A. Primary groups-play most critical role in our lives A. Small B. Made up of individuals who are important to us C. Long term D.Emotional connection E. Ex: Family, friend group B. Secondary groups-Larger and impersonal A. Goal oriented, time limited B. Instrumental function C. Ex: classroom, office C. People can move from one group to another. Neither group has strict boundaries A. Ex: People can form primary groups within an secondary group; a secondary group can transform itself into a primary group over time In Groups and Out Groups A. In-group-the group an individual identifies with, believes it is an integral part of who he/she is. B. Out-group- a group the individual doesn't belong to C. Examples: Sports teams, KKK, unions, frats D.In-groups can from within secondary groups A. Ex: senior executives that play golf together within an office setting Reference Groups A. Reference group-a group people compare themselves to B. Provides a standard of measurement A. Ex: Cultural center, workplace, family gathering, parents C. Convey competing messages D.Reference groups influence the way you act E. Important to surround yourself with positive reference groups 6.2 Group Size and Structure Dyads, Triads, and Large Groups A. Dyad-2 members A. If one person withdraws, the group can no longer exist B. Ex: Divorce B. Triad-3 members A. If one person withdraws, the group continues to live on B. 2-1 dynamics can develop C. Strong internal cohesivness D.Sense of connection E. Easier to ignore F. Find it harder to change things in society C. The larger the group becomes, the easier it is for the group to be divided and lack cohesion Group Leadership A. Require a clearly defined state of leadership B. Leadership function- main focus or goal of the leader C. Instrumental leader- one who is goal oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks A. Ex: army generals D.Expressive leaders-are more concerned with promoting emotional strength and health A. Ex: Social and religious leaders E. Democratic Leaders-encourage group participation in all decision making A. Slow progress because the decision making process involves everyone B. Well-liked C. Risk: group members may pick sides and band against each other on an issue rather than looking for a solution F. Laissez-Faire Leader-hands-off, allowing group members to self-manage and make their own decision A. Ex: art teacher who leaves materials out for kids to use B. Works with highly motivated and mature group members C. Risk: group dissolution and conflict=lack of progress G. Authoritarian Leaders-issue orders and assign tasks A. Instrumental leaders with clear goals B. Entrepernuers C. Risk: alienating the workers Conformity A. Conformity-the extent to which an individual complies with group norms or expectations B. Use reference groups to asses how to act and behave and think C. How strong is your drive to perform? 6.3 Formal Organizations A. Formal Organizations-large and impersonal secondary organizations B. Formal organizations become bureaucracies Types of Formal Organizations A. Normative/Voluntary Organizations-based on shared interests B. Coercive Organizations-groups that we must be forced to join A. Rehab/prison B. Most coercive organizations are total institutions- where the members live a controlled lifestyle C. Utilitarian Organization-groups we join because we want a specific material reward A. Ex: high school/college Bureaucracies A. Formal organization B. Has a hierarchy or authority, clear division of labor, explicit rules, impersonal C. Hierarchy of authority-places one individual in charge of another A. Ex; chain of command of Walmart employees D.Clear division of labor-each individual has a specific task to perform E. Explicit Rules-rules are outlined and standardized A. Ex: student handbook F. Impersonality-no personal feelings A. Protect from favoritism, nepotism, cheating B. customers complain that it lacks customer service G. Bureaucracies are meritocracies-hiring and promotion is based on proven and documented skills A. Can be curved; wealthy families hire tutors/college kids drop out and become famous on youtube, etc. H.Positive aspects of bureaucracies A. improve efficiency, ensure equal opportunities, ensure most people are served B. many bureaucracies grew during the industrial revolution McDonaldization of Society A. placelesseness B. common layout of same stores throughout the world C. promotes efficiency D.mass produced E. less quality
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