Mapping of Onchocerciasis, Lymphatic Filariasis and Loiasis in continental Equatorial Guinea for the development of control and prevention strategies for these diseases.
The aim of this project is to improve the health of the Equatorial Guinean population living in the continental zone, through the diagnosis and control of onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and loiasis. To date, efforts to control onchocerciasis by the MINSABS and WHO have focused on the island area of the country, as it is historically considered an hyperendemic area for onchocerciasis.
• Sociodemographic data
The population census is 1,222,442 inhabitants, 53.32% are men; with an annual population growth of 2.64%. The insular region 27.8% inhabitants and 72.2% the continental. Life expectancy is 51 years. The population pyramid has a broad base, in which 40.5% of the population is under 15 years old (44.2% in 2003), and ends in a fine point, in which only 6% of the population is older. 60 years old (3.8% in 2003).
• Socio-political and health situation
Unitary presidential republic governed by the Constitution of Equatorial Guinea, approved on October 12, 1982. The President of the Republic is the Head of State, Equatorial Guinea has evolved in recent years towards greater involvement in international affairs, especially in Africa. , is a member of the United Nations and most of its specialized agencies.
In 2017, the infant mortality rate was 65.2 per thousand live births, and amounted to 89.6 per thousand for children under 5 years of age. The maternal mortality rate in 2015 was 342 deaths per 100,000 live births. Public spending invested in Health in 2013 was 3.5% of GDP. In 2010, there were 30 doctors and 5.3 nurses in the country for every 100,000 inhabitants.
• Know if there is onchocerciasis transmission in continental Equatorial Guinea to develop national recommendations to advance towards the elimination of onchocerciasis and the control of FL / Loa at the national level
• Evaluate the usefulness of Ov16 / FTS rapid test, serological markers, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, and real-time Loa-PCR for detection of onchocerciasis and FL to guide program decisions on treatment and surveillance. of these diseases.
• 100% of the study sample diagnosed.
• Treated 100% of those positive for oncocerosis, and / or lymphatic filariasis and / or loiasis.
• At least 50% of PNLOF technical staff trained.
• The laboratory is equipped with a LAMP and reagents
Summary of project activities
• Preparation of protocols and standard operating procedures (POEs). The protocol and the relevant POEs will be elaborated in the ISCIII, always in collaboration and under the supervision of the Director of the National Plan to Fight Onchocerciasis of the MINSABS.
• Purchase and transportation of the material. In parallel, the inventory will be purchased (including equipment and supplies) and shipped to Equatorial Guinea.
• Training of local staff who will be part of the work teams. At the beginning of the field work, training will be carried out for the local personnel, both the interviewers and the laboratory technicians.
• Field work. After a period of piloting, field work will be carried out in the selected communities of the four provinces that make up the continental zone of Equatorial Guinea, including conducting the LAMP in a subsample.
• Evaluation of the field work and presentation of the first semi-annual follow-up report to the Probitas Foundation, which will summarize the activities carried out to date and the results obtained.
• Data analysis and laboratory analysis. The surveys and the results of the rapid test and the serological and molecular analysis of the samples will be analyzed, as well as the reading of the microscopy.
• Preparation of report and recommendations for MINSABS. Based on the results obtained and following the recommendations of the WHO, a report will be prepared and presented at MINSABS and the pertinent control strategies will be designed.
• Final evaluation of the project. A final monitoring and project closure report will be made respectively. The LAMP team will be donated to MINSABS. Evaluation report.
• Scientific communication of theresults (articles, conferences)
Phases of the project
According to WHO recommendations, this project has two phases, although the requested and provided financing only covers the first phase. The phases are described below.
Phase 1. Study in intentionally selected communities
Phase 2. Study in communities selected in a random and systematic way.
In phase 1, three to five sentinel communities will be selected in each of the 13 existing districts on the GE mainland. In each district, the work teams will randomly select 300 participants (about 75 individuals per community), 50% men. All age groups will be represented. Within the selected districts, the location of the sentinel communities and the distances between other towns that may be front-line will be verified. Specifically, those sentinel communities will be selected that:
• They have been previously defined by APOC as a sentinel community.
• With a previous REMO prevalence of> 10%.
• 5 km from a risk area (on both sides of a river).
If a community exceeds 2% seropositivity to onchocerciasis, initiation of mass administration of medication (AMM) will be recommended in that evaluation unit (the AMM strategy will be defined based on the levels of Loasis identified). If rapid diagnostic test (TDR) results do not indicate transmission, additional ELISA tests should be performed to confirm the final seroprevalence below the provisional 2% prevalence.
Phase 2 (not funded in this project) will be carried out if the seroprevalence in the frontline villages is less than 2% by the TDR and ELISA methods. In this phase, a new evaluation should be carried out based on a larger random sample (30 communities per district). For this, a list of communities will be prepared according to the suspected risk. From this list, 30 communities with probability proportional to the estimated size (PPES) will be randomly selected. In each community, approximately 50 adults (over 20 years old) will be randomly selected to participate in the survey; ~ 1,500 adults per district.
If the TDR and ELISA results of the random sample of 30 villages are again below 2%, then the AMM is not recommended. If the threshold for starting the AMM is raised based on data collected during the initial phase of the investigation, programs can stop the AMM in assessment units that have not exceeded the new threshold. It has been verified that the sample size with the 30 groups approach would be sufficient to detect seroprevalence at the evaluation unit level.
• Direct beneficiaries:
Population over 5 years of age that habitually lives in the sentinel communities in which the study will be carried out. The sample unit will be the district (there are 13 districts in the continental zone, in each district 300 participants will be selected, total sample size = 3,900). In each district, 3-4 sentinel communities will be visited, a total of 39-52 communities.
In each community, between 75 and 100 participants will be randomly selected. People who test positive for onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and / or loiasis will receive treatment according to national guidelines.
The results of this project will guide the interventions that MINSABS will carry out after the study, specifically the distribution of ivermectin and / or albendazole, depending on the prevalence of onchocerciasis and loiasis that are found.
These massive treatment distribution campaigns will be carried out for the entire continental area, so the indirect beneficiaries will be the entire population of this part of the country (882,747 according to data from the last census carried out in 2015).