Gustavus Adolphus: A Leader Ahead of His Time The history of the Thirty Years War has been the topic of countless research papers, magazine articles, books. The Thirty Years War started as a religious war, which was the result of the struggle between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany. The war was religious given the role faith played in early modern public policy and individual behaviors. As the war progressed, it became more of a political struggle, with the Hapsburg Dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire trying to control as much of Europe as they could while other countries opposed to their control attempted to keep them contained. All of Europe was affected by the Thirty Years War with fighting taking place throughout all of Germany, spilling into France, Spain, Italy, Poland and the Netherlands.
There were many reasons and causes leading up to the civil war, and can usually be divided into two categories: long term reasons and short term reasons. Some long term reasons include money and religion, whilst examples of short term reasons are Charles bursting into Parliament and demanding the arrest of 5 MPs, as well as other things like the Irish Rebellion. These all split Parliament and the King apart, and soon the country was forced to decide whose side they were on. This could only mean one outcome: war. One of the long term reasons is religion.
First of all the first World War happened mainly in Europe while the Second World War was fought at a global scale but they both started by a threat to the balance of power and started within Europe showing the importance that took World War II. During both wars, the Americans in battle wanted the total destruction of enemy rather than a defensive strategy. They entered war because of feeling attacked, often due to a provocation (Lusiytinia during World War I and Pearl Harbor in World War II). There is a difference due to technologic advancements in the way they fought during those wars, warfare methods differed, during World War I for example, the mobility of the soldiers was very limited, they would stay in the trenches and wait for the enemy to attack whereas during World War II, it is mainly massive bombings. ‘The most decisive a weapon is, the more surely it will be used’.
What connection was there between the pre-war society of seventeenth-century Scotland and the conduct of the Great Civil War. The Great Civil War, its origins and its conduct has been a subject of intense debate for centuries, and differences still continue to the present day. The Civil Wars began as a result of a series of complicated events spearheaded by the irreconcilable attitudes and differences to religion and monarchical power. In Scotland there was a reaction against the fundamental ideas that were being pushed upon them: divine right of kingship, an Episcopal church with considerable monarchical influence and an imperial British vision of a 'regal union'. These ideas and sentiments contrasted sharply with already existing ideas and notions of popular sovereignty, a Presbyterian church free from the influence of the crown and an intense and extremely proud sense of Scottish identity and independence.
Suggested Essay Plan • Land and religious issues triggered action in Scotland in 1639. There had been a long building of antagonism. From 1625 onwards, Scots landowners were incensed by the attempts of the English government to use the Act of Revocation to renegotiate the terms of leases on secularised Church lands. Calvinist nobles, already seething at the 1618 ‘Black Articles of Perth’ (which reintroduced the office of Bishop into Scotland), joined a rapidly growing reaction to the 1637 edict to use the Church of England prayerbook. Riots spread.
This can be further broken down into two components. The first problem of church politics was the legitimacy of the Popes. This would lead to the second problem which was the refusal of the Avignon and Roman Popes to compromise with each other as they thought of themselves as being the legitimate Pope. The problem of legitimacy must now be examined. In 1378, the College of Cardinals, under pressure from an unruly Roman mob outside the Conclave elected Urban VI as Pope.1 However, after Urban’s harsh treatment of the Cardinals alienated them, they proceeded to 1 D. Hay, Europe In The Fourteenth And Fifteenth Centuries, London, 1989, p. 301. declare Urban’s election invalid and elect Clement VII as Pope.2 This created a situation without precedent as there was no clear
WHY DID WAR BREAK OUT IN 1914? The Great War in 1914-18 began in August 1914. The causes of the war has been debated by politicians and historians ever since. One of a few things they have seemed to agree on is that the war was a result of many different complex factors working together. In Europe in 1014 it seemed very tense, this happened to spark off a war, this was then a result of millions killed.
Revolutionary Protestant Changes During the Times of Martin Luther Imagine experiencing the constant feeling of being taken advantage of by a more powerful force. Imagine what it has felt like to not have a say or movement in the areas surrounding you. Everyday life in the majority of Europe became submerged in these feelings because of the Roman Catholic Church which during the 1500s had an over extensive amount of power. The Roman Catholic Church had not only immense religious authority because it remained as the main religion of Europe, but in addition had a vast political influence in Europe. Its political power mainly came from the excessive expanse of wealth and economic success.
Differences in warfare became inevitable, and made thinking and ideas very important. The nations were introduced to new weapons such as poison gas, machine guns, submarines, airplanes, more advanced artillery, and tanks ( Prior, Wilson 129). Each of these weapons changed a certain part of warfare and how the armies of the war would defeat their enemy. World War I had been sparked by many reasons, long term and short term. The ultimate long term reason for the war was the unification of Germany in 1871.
The American Revolution was a result of the colonists unrest caused by their abhorrence towards their British Mother Country. For several centuries the colonies had been subject to rule by the English Crown and it’s Parliament. They no longer wanted to be controlled by a country an ocean away, and in turn sought independence. A huge factor in the start of the American Revolution was the French and Indian War that changed the age-old bond between the colonies and England. Decades of conflict followed, starting with the revolt as a result of the Stamp Act in 1765, leading to the eruption of war in 1775.