Abstract and Keywords
The development of psychopathology involves a social context with powerful influences on the growth and maintenance of behavioral and emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. The co-occurring processes of socialization (i.e., learning) and selection into relationships and experiences work together to reinforce adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes. Using self-regulation and social cognition as guiding concepts, research regarding social environments and their potential influences on psychopathology is highlighted. Family relationships with parents and peers are examined, with an emphasis on harsh reactive parenting and sibling antagonism and reinforcement of maladaptive behavior. In addition, the potential effects of peer victimization and friend/peer group selection are considered. The literature continues to build evidence of a critical role of the social environment in the promotion or prevention of a wide range of behavioral and emotional problems in youth.
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