I think that when it comes to learning Japanese, phrases are your friend. They are a really great way to learn new words and how the grammar of the language works at the same time. But what’s interesting is that there are actually a lot of simple Japanese phrases that use repetition of a single word.
We sometimes do a similar thing in English when you say to someone “thank you, thank you” after they’ve done you a favor that you greatly appreciate. And the same basic concept works in Japanese too, although it pops up a lot more often than in does in English.
This repetition is used to emphasize the speaker’s feelings to the listener and to make the sentence more rhythmic. For the most part, these “double phrases” have turned into set expressions used often in daily life.
Double Phrases in Japanese
The first one I’ll give you, is the English one I mentioned above.
Thank you, thank you.
Even though this phrase can be translated as “thank you, thank you” it might come across more naturally in English if you only said “thank you” once and added an exclamation mark to it that shows that emotion.
You could apply that same logic to all of these phrases, as it can come across as awkward in English when you say something twice in a row.
I’m ok; That’s ok!
Another similar phrase to that last one would be:
Ii yo, ii yo.
These three “double phrases” are super easy to understand since repeating the first word doesn’t change the overall meaning of the sentence, it only adds emphasis. But there are some other forms of repetition that might need a little explanation for the newer student to understand.
(1) Repetition of a noun
Fukyō, fukyō to iwa rete iru.
It’s said that it’s a bad recession.
The word 不況 (fukyō) means “recession” in Japanese and by repeating it for emphasis it can be understood within the sentence as “a bad recession.”
(2) Repetition of noun + case particle
There are some idiomatic expressions that are made by repeating nouns and particles. For example:
Watashi wa hi ni hi ni tsuyoku naru.
I grow stronger by the day.
I guess you could also interpret 日に日に as “day by day” if you wanted to.
(3) Repetition of verb/adjective
Iya, takakunai. Yasui yasui yo.
No, it’s not expensive. It’s quite cheap.
Dameda, dameda to, itsumo omottemasu keredo ne.
I always think that it’s useless, you know?
Ikedomo ikedomo, keshiki wa ikkō ni kawaranai.
No matter how long you go on, the scenery doesn’t change at all.
Have you heard any of these kinds of phrases before? I actually just came across the last one in a manga I just started reading the other day. A couple of girls are running through a labyrinth and every room is the same, no matter how far they go.
What are Onomatopoeia?
The definition of onomatopoeia (what a word!) is “the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g., cuckoo, sizzle ).”
We use these sometimes in English, but the Japanese use it ALL. THE. TIME.
I bring it up here because often times they sound like a repeated word just like the phrases we went over before. But they are a little different since they “represent the sound” of something. Is that weird? Here’s what I mean:
ぺこぺこ (peko peko) is the sound that your tummy makes when it growls. The typical way that you would say you are hungry in Japanese is:
Onaka ga suite imasu.
I am hungry.
But with your new knowledge of ぺこぺこ (peko peko), you could use it instead to express your need for food.
Onaka ga peko peko desu.
-Here is the intro scene to “Hungry Shooting Star – ぺこぺこながれぼし”
One slight difference between the first double phrases we went over, and these new onomatopoeia, is that you could just say the first half of the double phrases and it would still have meaning, but you can’t do the same thing with onomatopoeia .
You can change 良いよ、良いよ。 to just 良いよ。and it will still mean “it’s ok” just without the added emphasis. But you can’t just say ぺこ when you want to make the “hunger” sound. You always have to say ぺこぺこ.
How many of these onomatopoeia are there in total? HUNDREDS!
It’s one of those things that make the Japanese language truly unique. And if you read manga at all, then I can guarantee that you’ve seen them before. Here’s a couple more that are pretty cool:
The word ドキドキ (doki doki) is the sound that a heart beat makes when a person is nervous or excited.
Kore kara wa mainichi doki doki saseru yo!
I’ll make your heart beat fast (from love) everyday from now on!
The word ぺらぺら (pera pera) is the sound of “fluency” in a language.
Nihongo ga pera pera desu.
I’m fluent in Japanese.
And One Last One
And to end it off, there is one last word that I’d like to share with you. It’s そろそろ (soro soro) and it’s a little different from all the rest I’ve shown you.
そろそろ (soro soro) is used to say that is is “about time” to do something. We don’t really have an equivalent word in English, but it’s used a lot in Japanese so you’ll have to learn it sooner or later.
Sorosoro eiga ga hajimaru yo!
The movie is about to start!
Well guys I hope you enjoyed this post. Smash dat like button if you did!
I wanna know what you think of these types of Japanese phrases. Do you like them? Think they’re dumb? Let me know in the comments section below!