Question One mole of nickel (6 1023 atoms) has a mass of 59 grams and its density is 8.9 grams per cubic centimeter so the center-to-center distance between atoms is 2.23 10-10 m. You have a long thin bar of nickel 2.8 m long with a square cross section 0.08 cm on a side. You hang the rod vertically and attach a 66 kg mass to the bottom and you observe that the bar becomes 1.41 cm longer. From these measurements it is possible to determine the stiffness of one interatomic bond in nickel. 1) What is the spring stiffness of the entire wire considered as a single macroscopic (large scale) very stiff spring? ks = N/m 2) How many side-by-side atomic chains (long springs) are there in this wire? This is the same as the number of atoms on the bottom surface of the nickel wire. Note that the cross-sectional area of one nickel atom is (2.23 10-10)2 m2. Number of side-by-side long chains of atoms = 3) How many interatomic bonds are there in one atomic chain running the length of the wire? Number of bonds in total length = 4) What is the stiffness of a single interatomic “spring”? ksi = N/m An interatomic bond in nickel is stiffer than a slinky but less stiff than a pogo stick. The stiffness of a single interatomic bond is very much smaller than the stiffness of the entire wire.
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