Tongue swelling occurs if it becomes swollen and possibly discolored. The tongue is an essential and versatile muscle that helps with the digestion of food and helps with speech. If an individual suffers from tongue swelling, it causes the tongue to appear smooth.
What are the causes?
Tongue swelling rarely arises on its own. It often occurs along with other health issues such as:
- Allergic reactions – a reaction to toothpaste, dentures, mouthwash, retainers or denture cream and even some medications can cause tongue swelling.
- Injuries – this includes trauma or burns within the mouth
- Sjogren’s syndrome – the condition involves the destruction of the salivary glands. Once this occurs, the individual develops dry mouth that will lead to tongue inflammation.
- Yeast infections
- Vitamin deficiency – low levels of vitamin B12 or iron
- Skin conditions – some skin conditions can cause tongue inflammation such as oral lichen planus and pemphigus
- Ingestion of irritants – spicy foods, alcohol or tobacco can irritate the mouth
What are the indications?
The indications of tongue swelling are based on the severity of the condition and ailment responsible. The individual might experience issues with swallowing, chewing or speaking.
In most cases, the individual will have a tender, sore or swollen tongue. The tongue might change color and appear reddened or pale.
A serious indication of tongue swelling is when significant inflammation arises since this can block the airway. Call for emergency assistance right away if there is severe swelling.
The treatment for tongue swelling has 2 main objectives – reduce the pain and inflammation and management of the underlying condition responsible.
Anti-inflammatory medications might be prescribed by the doctor or an over-the-counter remedy such as ibuprofen can be given. In some cases, the doctor might prescribe antibiotics, antimicrobials or antifungals. Dietary or lifestyle changes might be needed such as avoidance of alcohol and cessation of smoking. Additionally, supplements such as vitamin B12 or iron should be taken.
Proper oral hygiene must be observed to minimize the symptoms of tongue swelling. It is vital to regularly brush and floss the teeth daily. It is also important to have the teeth regularly assessed and cleaned by a dentist.