The dissertation research in its structure consists of three parts: the introduction, the main part, and the conclusion, each of which carries its own semantic load. So, if the main part of the dissertation is to describe the entire body of research obtained along with any analyses, then in the introduction to the dissertation, all of the main characteristics of the dissertation research are cited. What to write in a dissertation introduction?
Structure of the Introduction
- target and objectives of the study
- object and subject of research
- hypothesis or the main idea of work
- methodology and methods of research
- scientific novelty
- scientific provisions imposed on the defense and their reliability
- practical (economic, social) significance of the results
- approbation of the results of the work
- publications of the author on the topic of the dissertation
- the volume of the dissertation
It is necessary to note once again that all the characteristics of the work must be related both to the theme of the work and to each other. The relevance of dissertation research is, on the one hand, the characteristic of the current state of the issue under investigation and the need to resolve urgent problems. On the other hand, it characterizes the author as a scientific researcher who is able to independently show and formulate the essence of the problem under study and its practical significance for the economic sectors of the country.
Relevance is the basis for formulating the purpose and subject of research, as well as research tasks and the sequence of their solution. Usually, in the process of preparation, the relevance goes on the path from general to particular, linking this path with the title of the dissertation. That is, first a brief description of the industry for which the scientific tasks are being solved is given. Among the problems faced in the industry, the most significant one stands out in the opinion of the author, and is characterized by efficiency with a successful solution of the problem. The causes of the problem are examined, after which a conclusion is made about the relevance of the problem being solved.
Thus, as a result of the performed analysis of the relevance of the dissertation topic, the object and subject of research are determined, and the formulation of the object and the subject of the research should be consonant with the topic of the dissertation. To determine the purpose and objectives of the study, an analysis of the scientific papers of domestic and foreign authors devoted to the topic of the dissertation is given below. Researchers are grouped according to the groups of issues under consideration, which, according to the author, are insufficiently elaborated in their works, after which the need for further scientific research in the direction of the issue is formulated.
The next stage of the work is the formulation of the goal and objectives of the study. The purpose of the dissertation work practically repeats the title of the dissertation research with the addition in the beginning of the phrase “to develop …” or at the end of the phrase “providing an effective …” etc. If you want to know how to write dissertation introduction, you should keep in mind that formulating research tasks is important.
When formulating the research tasks, it is necessary to clearly represent the stages of the research and to set a clearly formulated task for each of them. When formulating problems, they use certain terms: “to reveal the essence,” “to formulate and justify,” ” to identify factors,” “to consider,” “to analyze,” “study,” “develop,” “determine the place,” and others of this nature.
At the end of the wording of tasks, it is recommended to indicate the purpose of the solution of the problem. In addition, it must be remembered that the formulated tasks determine the title and content of the main chapters and paragraphs of the dissertation. Further, in the introduction, the theoretical and methodological base of the research is characterized in several sentences, in which a list of the scientific directions under consideration is given, and scientific methods used in the study are also characterized.
When characterizing the informational base of the research, sources of information for conducting research are characterized. The formulation of the hypothesis is not an obligatory element and its representation in the introduction is left to the discretion of the author. The hypothesis, being the main idea of the work, is an author’s vision of the way to achieve the goal set in the work.
Here is an example of the formulation of the hypothesis: “The justification of the parameters [ … ] should be based on [ … ].” The hypothesis as a result of the performed studies can be confirmed or disproved. In the latter case, an in-depth analysis of the reasons for obtaining such a result is made. The main provisions of the dissertation, put on defense, are confirmed components of the hypothesis.
The main provisions are actually scientific results obtained in the course of research, but differing from previously performed works – in other words, they have scientific novelty. This can be: established patterns, techniques that allow you to obtain new knowledge, ways of teaching, upbringing, etc. That is, scientific statements in the affirmative form confirm the author’s foresight – his or her hypothesis on the results of the performed studies.
Obviously, the last scientific position or the main scientific conclusion on the work should be consonant with the theme of the dissertation and confirm both the relevance and correctness of the statement of the purpose and tasks of the study. In the section of reliability of scientific positions, one or two of the proposals list the specific results of the scientific research (calculations of dynamics, comparisons, estimates, etc.) that confirm the results obtained while researching.
Scientific novelty is the main feature of the dissertation work, for which the academic degree is finally awarded. Scientific novelty can be formulated in one sentence. For example, the author could develop a technique that would solve a problem that was not solvable earlier. However, in the present conditions of the saturation of all fields of knowledge with scientific research, it is rather problematic to solve such a problem, in connection with which the presence of elements of novelty are allowed in dissertations.
Scientific novelty is a concept that allows the author to say that there has never been such a thing before. But an unsubstantiated assertion of novelty is not enough. It is necessary that the formulation includes these terms: “different in that,” “first received,” or “it is proved that,” “analyzed [ … ], which allows, unlike from [ … ],” etc. The formulation of scientific novelty should be related to the topic of the dissertation and include its part.
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