Liquid lithium-ion batteries are the most common kind of rechargeable batteries used in our electronic devices as they offer a high energy density, stable energy capacity, and low self-discharge for little cost. However, they’re also extremely flammable as we witnessed from the recent Samsung Galaxy Note 7 explosions.
Scientists have been working on finding a less volatile alternative to the flammable liquid electrolytes in these batteries for a long time, and now researchers at Stanford University have used artificial intelligence to identify over twenty solid electrolytes that might just do the trick.
According to the lead author of the study, Austin Sendek, the main advantage these solid electrolytes have over the liquids we’re currently using is that they’re more stable and “far less likely to blow up or vaporize than organic solvents. They're also much more rigid and would make the battery structurally stronger.“
Solid and stable
To find a solid alternative that’s as affordable and performs as well as liquids, the researchers turned to AI and machine learning. They trained a computer algorithm to learn how to identify good and bad compounds based on data they had gathered.
Sendek said that there are tens of thousands of known lithium-containing compounds, “the vast majority of which are untested.” By developing a computational model that was able to learn from their collected data, the researchers were able to screen potential materials “about a million times faster” than other screening methods allowed.
Sendek spent over two years gathering all known data about the 12,000 solid compounds that contained lithium and it took the algorithm only a few minutes to screen them and determine which ones would be good electrolytes.
The algorithm used several criteria to make its decisions including stability, cost, abundance and their ability to conduct lithium ions and re-route electrons through the battery's circuit. In the end it came up with 21 realistic alternatives and the researchers will now begin to test the viability of using them in real world conditions.
We imagine Samsung will be interested in their findings.