Presentation on theme: "3. Compounding is a process of word formation that involves combining two or more words to form a single compound form. A compound word contains at."— Presentation transcript:
Compounding is a process of word formation that involves combining two or more words to form a single compound form. A compound word contains at least two bases that are both words, or at any rate, root morphemes. The meaning of a compound is derived from its components E.g. Dream catcher Talk show Green house Wind mill
Compounding is a very important way of adding new words to the stock of English. notebook breakfast lifejacket teapot frying pan internet classroom wallpaper skyscraper
Compounding cannot be limited to 2 bases: E.g. mother-in-law daughter-in-law Three-time-loser World trade center Part-time teacher Full-time teacher
Conversion/ functional shift is a highly productive process of word formation. In English, it is possible to form a new word from an existing word without any change in form. E. g. They will be at the party They like to party You must finish your plate, It is a must
Conversion = zero derivation Morphological structure, & / or syntactic position of the word tell us whether it is a noun or a verb. I’m going to paper the wall She will head that school I have no access to the system or files Let’s have a drink The professor will chair the session
Conversions from adjectives to nouns and vice versa are both very common in English. N V Fish to fish Butter to butter Bread to bread Milk to milk V N To kick kick
The making up of entirely new words from whole cloth; coined words are completely new words that are created outright to fit some purposes. New products are given coined names: Clorox, Tide, Panadol, Vaseline, Xerox, Kleenex
We usually derive words by attaching affixes to bases. Sometimes, however, there are complex words that historically existed as affixes before the base of the word. When native speakers come to perceive these words as being complex rather than simple, they create what is called a back- formation by removing the supposed affixes. The resulting word is called a backformation.
People then start to create a verb out of this word. Edit (v) editor (n) Resurrect (v) resurrection (n) Burgle (v) Burglar (n) pea (n/sing.) Pease (n/ plural) to babysit (v) Babysitter(n)
Blending is a process of word formation in which parts of lexemes that are not themselves morphemes are combined to form a new lexeme. a blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes.
clipping is the process of creating or forming new words by shortening already existing words. Clipping is also known as "truncation" or “shortening.“ Examination exam Mathematics math Condominium condo. Influenza flu Laboratory lab Photograph photo Gymnasium gym Refrigerator fridge Dormitory dorm Limousine limo Macintoush mac
An acronym is a word whose letters are the first letters of other words SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome AIDS – Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome UNESCO – united nations educational scientific cultural organization UNICEF – united nations international children’s emergency fund