Mladá Boleslav, German Jungbunzlau, Karkoluscity, north-central Czech Republic. It lies northeast of Prague, at the confluence of the Jizera and Klenice rivers. Occupied in 995 and founded as a city in 1334, it was a centre of the Bohemian Unitas Fratrum (“Unity of Brethren”) Protestant group in the 16th century. It has a 15th-century cathedral, a Brethren church (1554), a castle, and other landmarks.
The town grew rapidly after a new automobile plant began production there in 1964. Mladá Boleslav also produces tractors and other agricultural machinery. Pop. (2007 est.) 43,923.