K. Sri Dhammananda
Quang dịch Việt
Source-Nguồn: budsas.org, buddhanet.net, samanta.vn
|TABLE OF CONTENTS|
Foreword - Author's Note
PART ONE: LIFE AND MESSAGE OF THE BUDDHA
Chapter 1: Life and Nature of the Buddha
Gautama, the Buddha
Nature of the Buddha
Was Buddha an Incarnation of God?
The Buddha's Service
Historical Evidence of the Buddha
Salvation Through Arahantahood
Attainment of Buddhahood
Trikaya The Three Bodies of the Buddha
Chapter 2: His Message
Message for All
The Buddha's Silence
The Buddha's Attitude Towards Worldly Knowledge
The Last Message of the Buddha
Chapter 3: After the Buddha
Does the Buddha Exist After His Death?
A Successor to the Buddha
The Future Buddha
PART TWO: BUDDHISM: ESSENCE AND COMPARATIVE APPROACH
Chapter 4: Timeless Truth of the Buddha
The Lion's Roar
What is Buddhism?
The Ultimate Truth
Two Main Schools of Buddhism
Chapter 5: Basic Doctrines
What is Abhidhamma?
Mind and Matter(Nama-Rupa)
Four Noble Truths
The Noble Eightfold Path: The Middle Way
Everything is changeable
What is Kamma
Law of Dependent Origination
Eternalism and Nihilism
Can the First Cause be Known
Is There an Eternal Soul?
Chapter 6: Buddhism Vis-A-Vis Other Approaches
Is Buddhism Similar to Other Contemporary Teachings in India?
Is Buddhism a Theory or a Philosophy?
Is Buddhism Pessimistic ?
Is Buddhism Atheistic?
PART THREE: LEADING A BUDDHIST LIFE
Chapter 7: Moral Foundation For Mankind
What is the Purpose of Life?
Buddhism for Man in Society
The Buddhist Way
Chapter 8: Buddhist Morality and Practice
What is Vinaya?
Ten Meritorious and Ten Evil Actions
The Buddhist Attitude to Animal Life
The Need for Tolerance Today
Buddhist Funeral Rites
Chapter 9: Dhamma and Ourselves as Refuge
Why We take Refuge in the Buddha
No Self Surrender
Do It Yourself
Man is Responsible for Everything
Man is His Own Jailor
You Protect Yourself
How to Save Yourself
Chapter 10: Prayer, Meditation and Religious Practices
Faith, Confidence and Devotion
The Meaning of Prayer
The Significance of Paritta Chanting
Are Buddhists Idol Worshippers?
Religious Significance of Fasting
The Moon and Religious Observances
PART FOUR: HUMAN LIFE IN SOCIETY
Chapter 11: Life and Culture
Traditions, Customs and Festivals
Buddhism and Women
Buddhism and Politics
Chapter 12: Marriage, Birth Control and Death
Buddhist Views on Marriage
Why Does the World Population Increase?
PART FIVE: A RELIGION FOR REAL HUMAN PROGRESS
Chapter 13: Nature, Value and Choice of Religious Beliefs
Man and Religion
Which is the Proper Religion?
Moral and Spiritual Development
The God Idea
Changing of Religious Label Before Death
Short-cut to Paradise
Chapter 14: Promoter of True Human Culture
Religion in a Scientific Age
Religion of Freedom
Chapter 15: War and Peace
Why is There No Peace?
Can We Justify War?
Can a Buddhist Join the Army?
PART SIX: THIS WORLD AND OTHER WORLDS
Chapter 16: Realms of Existence
The Origin of the World
Other World Systems
The Buddhist Concept of Heaven and Hell
Belief in Deities(Devas)
The Significance of Transference of Merits to the Departed
Chapter 17: Divination and Dreams
Astrology and Astronomy
Fortune-Telling and Charms
Dreams and Their Significance
Superstitions and Dogmas
Venerable K. Sri Dhammananda
Venerable Dhammananda was born on March 18, 1919 to the family of Mr. K.A. Garmage in the village of Kirinde, Matara in southern Ceylon. Like most children born during the British colonial period, he was given the English name of Martin. He was the eldest in a family of three brothers and three sisters. He passed away on August 31, 2006.
by The Thean Choo A. M. N. President Buddhist Missionary Society
The first edition of this book came into being in 1964 as a result of questions posed by devotees to the Venerable Author in the course of his delivering a prolonged series of Dhamma talks throughout the length and breadth of Malaysia. He felt that a book of this nature should serve as a handy reference book for Buddhists and non-Buddhists alike, presenting in simplified form the beliefs and concepts of Buddhism, and also Buddhist attitude towards other beliefs.
It is ironical but true that there are people who profess this religion and who even claim to be Buddhist leaders, and yet lack the knowledge of the basic principles of Buddhism. Many of them are well-versed with certain rites and rituals but they do not understand the essence of the Master's Teaching. Ignoring the noble Teachings, they have introduced many baseless beliefs and ill-founded traditions, making a mockery of a rational and gentle religion. As a result, many people concerned themselves more with the devotional and ritualistic aspects of Buddhism whilst paying scant attention to true spiritual development which leads to wisdom and understanding.
This is a sad state of affairs brought about by some selfish and misguided religious workers. Driven by ignorance and goaded by mercenary ends, some people have blemished Buddhism as a religion and given the impression that it encourages superstitious beliefs and dependence on charms and omens. Even some monks have lowered themselves to the status of charm peddlers.
It is ironic that many people do not even know the name of the religion they belong to. There are some who say 'I think I am a Buddhist' This shows the extent to which they have neglected the Buddhist way of life. Such ignorance of the sublime teachings has encouraged unscrupulous missionaries from other religions to ridicule Buddhism with false accusations and misinterpretation. As a result, Buddhists being ignorant of their own Teachings and unable to refute the false allegations, fall easy prey to the snares of conversion.
It is partly with a view to countering such ignorance that the book 'What Buddhists Believe' came into being. This book is intended mainly for those who have a genuine desire to know something about the basic Teachings as well as the more difficult aspects of the religion explained in a manner which can be understood in a modern context and without prior knowledge of the subject. The popularity of this book has gone beyond our expectations. It was revised and expanded in 1973 and again in 1982. The demand for this book continues. Chinese, Korean and Indonesian translations of this book are also available.
This year 1987, being the 25th Anniversary of the formation of the Buddhist Missionary Society, it was decided that 'What Buddhists Believe' should be further revised and enhanced as a 'Special Commemorative Issue' to celebrate the Silver Jubilee Year of our Society. In this connection, the Venerable Author, with over forty years experience as a missionary, has spent much time on extensive research and compiling suitable new chapters to make the 1987 Reprint of 'What Buddhists Believe' as the Book for all those who seek knowledge about what Buddhism is.
In keeping with the original aim of this book, it is to be emphasized that the Ven. Author has no intention whatsoever to denigrate or belittle the beliefs and practices of other religionists and other Buddhist schools of thought. He has repeatedly stressed the Buddha's injunctions in the Kalama Sutta to His followers to be open-minded and rational in accepting any teaching. The Buddha in His time never ridiculed the practices and beliefs of other religionists then prevailing but He expounded the truth. It is also not the aim of this book to seek converts, because such a spirit is alien to the spirit of Buddhism. What it does aim at must be reiterated to inform and educate Buddhists about the basic tenets of their religion and to demonstrate its lofty ideals, making every Buddhist proud to be called a Buddhist. 'What Buddhists Believe' aims at enlightening others about the pristine Teachings so that with greater and wider understanding they will be good and kind enough to refrain from castigating this Noble Religion which is serving and guiding millions of people to the Right Path.
The Buddha's Teaching is the greatest heritage that man has received from the past. The Buddha's message of non-violence and peace, of love and compassion, of tolerance and understanding, of truth and wisdom, of respect and regard for all life, of freedom from selfishness, hatred and violence, delivered over two thousand five hundred years ago, stands good for today and will stand forever as the Truth. It is an eternal message.
We are in a world torn by strife. The Buddha taught that we must develop the 'Bodhi' heart of wisdom, a heart of love, a heart of understanding, to overcome the prevailing vices which have plagued man since the beginning of time. 'Overcome anger by non-anger, overcome hatred by love'. Are we practising the advice given by Him? We are responsible for our destiny. We have to cleanse our hearts, scrutinize our own natures and determine to practise the Teachings not only in the letter but, more importantly, in the spirit. It is to be hoped that this publication of 'What Buddhists Believe' will help in guiding many of our Buddhist friends to tread the true path towards Enlightenment.
As the President of the Buddhist Missionary Society, it has been an honour and a pleasure for me to have been closely associated with Venerable Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda, the author, in the production of this book.
I wish to express our sincere thanks and appreciation to Mr. Victor Wee and Mr. Vijaya Samarawickrama for assisting the author in editing the book and for their many useful suggestions which helped to bring the book to its present form. I also like to thank Mrs. Chong Hong Choo who had spent endless hours looking after the innumerable details in the production of the book, from its inception right to its completion. Thanks are also due to Mr. H. A. de Silva, Misses Lily See, Lee Lai Fong, Quah Pin Pin, Leong Poh Chwee, Tan Kuee Fong and Low Mei Ying for the typing work involved and proof reading, without whose assistance the present book is not possible.
The Thean Choo A. M. N. President
Buddhist Missionary Society
With so many books available on Buddhism, one may ask if there is need for yet another text. Although books on Buddhism are available on the market, many of them are written for those who have already acquired a basic understanding of the Buddha Dhamma. Some are written in an archaic style, based on a rigid translation of the original texts. Such a style is not appealing to modern readers who might get the impression that Buddhism is a dry subject. There are books by learned scholars who present the teachings in a highly academic and abstruse manner. Except for a few very well-informed readers, these books could create more confusion than clarify, and may even lead the ordinary reader to conclude that Buddhism is too sophisticated for his needs. Some books highlight differences between schools of Buddhism, with the result that the uninitiated reader may be engrossed in the so-called 'intersectarian rivalry', without realizing that there are many more similarities than differences among schools. There are also books written by non-Buddhists who, either deliberately or through their ignorance, distort and misrepresent the true teachings of the Buddha.
This book is written with a specific aim in mind: to introduce the original teaching clearly and without recourse to exaggeration, cultural implications or disparaging of particular schools of Buddhism, so that the reader can understand the Buddha Dhamma its modern context. There is a growing interest in Buddhism the world over because many informed people have grown rather weary of religious dogmatism and superstition, on one hand, and greed and selfishness arising from materialism, on the other. Buddhism can teach humanity to walk the Middle Path of moderation and have a better understanding on how to lead a richer life of peace and happiness.
K. Sri Dhammananda