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Jedediah Smith, in full Jedediah Strong Smith, (born January 6, 1799, Bainbridge, New York, U.S.—died May 27, 1831, near the Cimarron River), trader and explorer who was the first American to enter California from the east and return from it using an overland route.
Smith probably made his first trip west while still in his teens. In 1822 he joined a fur-trading expedition to the Rocky Mountains and continued in the Rocky Mountain trade for the remainder of the decade.
In 1824 Smith belonged to the party that rediscovered the South Pass, a passage to the Northwest through Wyoming. Two years later he and a trading party (Smith now owned his own trading company) left the Great Salt Lake and crossed the Mojave Desert to southern California, becoming the first Americans to enter California from the east.
Blocked by the suspicious Mexican governor of California, Smith altered his plan to go north into Oregon. Instead, in 1827, he journeyed to the American River near Sacramento, California, and then crossed the Sierra Nevada and the desert to return to the Great Salt Lake. He thus became the first American to return from California on an overland route.
Later, in 1827, he retraced his steps from the Great Salt Lake to southern California, but this time Mojave people attacked his party and killed 10 of his 18 men. He and the other survivors made it to California and then in 1828 proceeded north up the coast to Oregon. An attack by the Umpqua Indians slew all but two of the expedition, and Smith retired from the Rocky Mountain trade in 1830. He had succeeded, however, in opening up the coastal route from California to Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River.
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Utah: Prehistory and European exploration…Salt Lake in 1824, and Jedediah Smith, who first traversed the state from north to south and west to east in 1826–27. Explorers sent by the government included John C. Frémont, who led expeditions to northern Utah in 1843 and the western Great Salt Lake area in 1845.…
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Rocky Mountains: Study and exploration…western explorations were those of Jedediah Smith in 1822–31. Following the Missouri River into east-central Montana, Smith first worked his way southward into the Bighorn Basin and thence into southeastern Idaho, northern and southwestern Utah, and southern Nevada, around the Sierra Nevada, and back to the Great Salt Lake across…