Country profile: Kiribati
The 33 atolls that make up Kiribati - the former Gilbert Islands
- occupy a vast area in the Pacific. They stretch nearly 4,000 km
from east to west, more than 2,000 km from north to south, and
straddle the Equator.
The country won independence from the
United Kingdom in 1979. Many of the atolls are inhabited; most of
them are very low-lying and at risk from rising sea levels.
Kiribati used to lie either side of the International Date Line, but the
government unilaterally moved the line eastwards in 1995 to ensure the day was
the same in the whole country.
Rising sea levels threaten the low-lying islands
This was a shrewd move as Kiribati marketed itself as the first inhabited
place on Earth to greet the new millennium on 1 January 2000. The world's media
descended on Caroline Island, renamed Millennium Island, to record the event.
Kiribati's economy is weak and is affected by rises and falls in the world
demand for coconut.
Fishing licences, foreign aid and money sent home by workers abroad also play
their part, as does a trust fund set up with revenues from phosphate mining on
the island of Banaba. The mines were depleted by 1980, precipitating the
evacuation of much of the population.
Kiribati is home to the South Pacific's largest marine reserve.
It is also one of the low-lying Pacific island states seen as highly
vulnerable to rising sea levels and global warming, and frequently lends its
voice to calls for action on climate change.
- Full name: The Republic of Kiribati
- Population: 100,800 (UN, 2010)
- Capital: Tarawa Atoll
- Area: 810 sq km (313 sq miles)
- Major language: English, Gilbertese
- Major religion: Christianity
- Life expectancy: 59 years (men), 63 years (women) (UN)
- Monetary unit: 1 Australian dollar = 100 cents
- Main exports: Copra, fish, seaweed
- GNI per capita: US $2,010 (World Bank, 2010)
- Internet domain: .ki
- International dialling code: +686
President: Anote Tong
Anote Tong narrowly defeated his older brother, Harry, in presidential
elections in July 2003 and was re-elected for a second term in October 2007.
President Anote Tong
The presence of a Chinese satellite tracking base in Kiribati was a key issue
in the campaign. Beijing subsequently dismantled the station after Kiribati
established diplomatic ties with Taiwan.
The president has also highlighted the "very real" threat to the country from
climate change and rising sea levels. In 2005 he identified rapidly-rising
population levels and youth unemployment as challenges for Kiribati.
The president is also head of the government. Parliament has 42 members, one
of whom represents evacuees from Banaba who now live on Rabi, in Fiji.
Freedom of speech and of the media is generally respected. The government-run
radio station and newspaper offer diverse views. Protestant and Catholic
churches publish newsletters and periodicals; these are important sources of
information. There is no domestic TV service.
BBC World Service is available around the clock on FM (95 MHz from Bairiki,
100 MHz from Tarawa). Radio Australia broadcasts on 90 MHz FM.
There were 7,800 internet users by March 2011 (Internetworldstats).
- Te Uekera - government-owned weekly
- Kiribati Newstar - private weekly
- Radio Kiribati - state-run
- Newair - private FM station