, Read First Line
, Log Patch
, Read Write Execute
, Numbers to Text
, Category Tree
, Chain Link
, Crop Ratio
, Date Transform
, Language Teacher
Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language. Having a basic familiarity with the programming language used on the job is a prerequisite for quickly getting up to speed.
Everyone makes mistakes. A good programmer should be able to find and fix a bug in their or someone else's code.
A programmer should use a language as a tool, always taking advantage of language-specific data types and built-in functions.
Exceptions exist in most modern programming languages, making it important for a programmer to understand them and know how to handle them.
A stream is a sequence of data elements made available over time. It is particularly useful for tasks that may benefit from being asynchronous, including tasks such as I/O processing or reading from a file, and as such is important for developers to understand.
The string data structure is used to represent text. It is one of the most commonly used data structures. Therefore, every programmer should be skilled at string manipulation.
A range is an immutable sequence of numbers between the start and end. As a core data structure used for flow control in many programming languages, it's important for all developers to be familiar with.
Monkey Patching is a method of either adding new or overriding existing functionality without the creation of a new type. As such it's an important tool for developers to be familiar with.
Arithmetic is a fundamental branch of mathematics. An understanding of arithmetic concepts, and their application, is important for every candidate.
A hash (or dictionary) is a data type composed of a collection of key-value pairs, where each possible key appears at most once in the collection. It is used when we need to access items by their keys.
A linked list is a linear collection of data elements where each element points to the next. It is a data structure consisting of a collection of nodes which together represent a sequence. It is usually used for advanced scenarios where we need fast access to the next element, or when we need to remove an element from anywhere in the collection.
Integer division is division in which the fractional part (remainder) is discarded. Knowing this is important for optimal implementation of some algorithms and for avoiding common bugs.
A regular expression (regex) is a special text string for describing a search pattern. It is a common way for extracting data from text.
An array is a container of a fixed number of objects of a similar type. It is a fundamental component of most programming languages.
Iteration is the act of repeating a process, or cycling through a collection. Iteration is one of the fundamental flow control tools available to developers.
JSON is an open-standard format that uses human-readable text to transmit data objects consisting of attribute-value pairs. It's the most common data format used for asynchronous browser/server communication.
Familiarity with data serialization to and from formats such as XML and JSON is important as it is commonly used for interprocess communication
Every programmer should be familiar with data-sorting methods, as sorting is very common in data-analysis processes.
In object-oriented programming, inheritance is the mechanism of basing a class upon another class, retaining similar implementation. Inheritance allows programmers to reuse code and is a must know topic for every programmer who works with OOP languages.
Object-oriented programming is a paradigm based on encapsulating logic and data into objects, which may then contain fields and procedures. Many of the most widely used programming languages are based on OOP, making it a very important concept in modern programming.