HOW A PISTON PUMP WORKS. HOW A PISTON
How A Piston Pump Works. Cesare Paciotti Embellished Suede Pumps.
How A Piston Pump Works
- A type of hydraulic pump that uses cam lobe action against pistons to generate hydraulic fluid flow for the lifting of implements. Though superior in their characteristics and longer lasting, excessive numbers of parts (meaning expense) limited their use to only a couple of manufacturers.
Piston pumps, as used in hydraulic systems, create a flow by pistons moving in and out of cylinder bores as the latter pass over inlet and outlet ports.
- plant: buildings for carrying on industrial labor; "they built a large plant to manufacture automobiles"
- Activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result
- whole shebang: everything available; usually preceded by `the'; "we saw the whole shebang"; "a hotdog with the works"; "we took on the whole caboodle"; "for $10 you get the full treatment"
- Such activity as a means of earning income; employment
- A place or premises for industrial activity, typically manufacturing
- performance of moral or religious acts; "salvation by deeds"; "the reward for good works"
Standedge Tunnel Adit
Number 15 adit, 157 chains into the tunnel. At this point we are almost at 2 miles in. And to think we only went to get some shots of the portal, good job we brought the torch's. One of the tunnels at Standedge is live and when a train comes a huge amount of air is forced through these adits. This effect is called the "piston effect" and is caused by air being compressed in front of the moving train and being forced through adits like this one.
The Standedge Tunnels (Standedge is normally pronounced Stannige) are four parallel tunnels that run beneath the Pennines at the traditional Standedge crossing point between Marsden and Diggle, on the edges of the conurbations of West Yorkshire and Greater Manchester respectively, in northern England.
There are three railway tunnels and a canal tunnel (on the Huddersfield Narrow Canal). The canal tunnel is the longest and oldest of the tunnels, and holds the record as the longest and highest canal tunnel in Britain. All four tunnels are linked by cross-tunnels or adits at strategic locations within the tunnels. The adits allowed the railway tunnels to be built much more quickly by allowing 'waste spoil'(sic) to be removed by boat and reducing the need for shafts for construction.
Of the railway tunnels, only the tunnel built in 1894 is currently used for rail traffic. Closed in 1943, the canal tunnel was re-opened in May 2001. The Standedge Visitors Centre, at the Marsden end of the tunnel, serves as a base for boat trips into the canal tunnel and hosts an exhibition which depicts the various crossings.
Benjamin Outram was the consulting engineer for the construction of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal (then known as the Huddersfield Canal), which links the towns of Ashton-under-Lyne and Huddersfield through the tunnel. However, Outram had so many commitments that construction took place under the supervision of a young and inexperienced surveyor, Nicholas Brown.
Layout of the tunnel was difficult. It would be necessary to lay out a straight line across the mountain top and calculate how deep below the canal would be. At intervals, pits would be sunk to the requisite depth and the tunnel dug outwards from their bases.
In addition it was necessary to drive drainage adits. Outram had given his opinion that the hill was composed of gritstone and strong shale and should not present any difficulties. In fact he had not expected the need for a lining. It was an extremely ambitious undertaking for the time and Outram was not yet an established engineer, though he had gained experience with the Butterley Tunnel on the Cromford Canal. However more than the expected amount of water entered the workings.
The adits allowed so-called 'water engines' to be used. These were simply two buckets on a rope which ran over a pulley at the top of the shaft. One bucket would be filled with spoil from the workings and the other would be filled with water which counterbalance the spoil causing it to rise to the top. Once unloaded, the water would be drained allowing the spoil bucket to fall for another load. Although steam engine pumps were tried, they proved inefficient and expensive to run. A further problem was maintaining an adequate air supply for the workers. This was achieved by injecting water in a fine spray at the top of the shaft, which would carry sufficient fresh air down with it.
Work on the tunnel was fraught with difficulty and progress was slow. Gunpowder was used to blast through the solid rock and the work took place by candlelight. In circa 1801, Outram resigned from his post in order to devote himself entirely to work at Benjamin Outram and Company, which was expanding rapidly. Following his resignation, Thomas Telford was called in to advise on the tunnel's completion. Before completion, a severe misalignment was found in the tunnel due to inaccuracy on the part of the surveyor who originally laid it out. The tunnel was finally pierced through in 1809.
The canal tunnel was brick-lined in places, though bare rock was left exposed in others.
There are three railway tunnels, running parallel to each other and the canal tunnel. The rail tunnels are level for their whole length providing the only section of level track on the line where water troughs could be installed to provide steam locomotives with fresh water supplies without the requirement for the train to stop.
The 1848 tunnel
The first railway tunnel at Standedge was completed by the London and North Western Railway in 1848, having acquired the former Huddersfield and Manchester Railway in 1847. This was a single line tunnel with a length of 3 miles, 57 yards (4803 m). The tunnel is located immediately to the south of, but at a slightly higher level than, the canal tunnel. Cross-passages or adits were dug linking the canal tunnel to the rail tunnel to facilitate the removal of spoil during construction.
The 1871 tunnel
I want to thank everyone for coming today.
Look in the upper-right corner of your screen.
There's the time there.
If you're running Windows, it's also in the lower-right.
So, the question is, why create clocks in a virtual world?
Let's look back a bit. Long ago, people kept track of time with the sun. Daytime. Nighttime. Dawn. Dusk.
Then, sundials. Candles. Water clocks.
Mechanical clocks came later, crude things at first. But over time, with engineering, mathematics - man improved them.
Then, they became public landmarks. The heartbeat of a city. Society lived by that clock. It's no mistake that in the case of cities like London, it became a symbol for that city.
For the wealthy, they became works of art. brass. Copper. Gold. Jewels. Pearl. Orante mechanisms, figurines, gears, bells, music, wheels... they were luxuries. Entertainment. If you look at some of them, and you can if you Google search for "clock" and just browse, you'll find amazing creations that you wouldn't even know are a clock if someone didn't point out the tiny clockface.
The figurines in motion... the painted panels... they tell the story of our lives.
Those that crafted such marvels were held in high regard. And not just because they were the only ones who knew how to fix such things.
We invite time to live in these majestic mechanical homes and accompany us on life's journey.
You didn't come here for a crackerjack history lesson, though.
It’s hard to remember where and when you meet people sometimes. And by the
time you remember, well, you’ve met ten more people to cloud your memory
up a bit more.
Freereed did the fundraiser for San Diego after the wildfires, Yrrek generously donated a set of clocks for auction.
We got to talking. The subject of the Edloe clocktower came up. I kept changing it, and it’s always been a silly parody of a clock. A clock made of matzoh. Yrrek found that funny, all the machines strewn around and yet, frustrating. Gotta have all the gears lined up, the works actually making
sense, this connecting to that, and so on.
I got tired of the windup key in the side of the tower and thought there
should be a massive engine featured as the power source for the fanbelts,
the pumps, the effects, the gears.
Only one person really for the job: Yrrek.
Yrrek worked on it for a few weeks, getting the textures and the gear
ratios and the pendulum going just right. The sounds, too.
All I did was add in a steam puffer effect, put it on the base. It was
perfect. And everybody who’s seen it thinks it fits the place just right.
Okay, so I tried to speed up the gears, speed up the pendulum, too. Yrrek
saw it, and I got a message right then and there… set it back set it back
set it back.
Yrrek had timed them all out, you see. Had to be just right.
Yrrek was working on a new clock… figurines, governors, pistons – French
Industrial gone wild, constant motion everywhere.
The one that’s there now is perfect, but perfect wasn’t enough for Yrrek. Always room for better. I was going to like this one better.
You see, Yrrek had respect for time, a love for it. Working here and out there, crafting and repairing time's many homes. Comfortable and beautiful and elegant and classy and, at times, whimsical.
That engine in the clocktower shows Strength, Relentlessness, Persistence,
But it needed something more. It is at the heart of the build, but the heart behind it has stopped.
The last time I talked to Yrrek, it was at Jade's Jazz Lounge.
"Come on over. Lend a little class to this place."
I went, and we enjoyed a night of dancing with Yrrek.
But class? No, I think it was Yrrek defined that.
Nowadays, there's clocks on coffeemakers. Cableboxes. Watches. MP3 players. Cell phones. And in those two spots on your screen I mentioned earlier.
But, deep down, we know that's not enough.
And thanks to Yrrek, we we look on the walls of the homes we build here... in the communities we have created here...
A love for Time, a love for all, for all our time remaining.
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