Peripheral neuropathy is a condition in which the nerves are damaged in the peripheral nervous system. There are many causes of this condition, including disease and injury. Peripheral neuropathy can affect the motor nerves that affect movement, sensory nerves, and the autonomic nerves that control such functions as digestion, blood flow, and heart rate.
Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy usually occur in the hands and feet, but can occur elsewhere in the body and include weakness, tingling, numbness, a burning sensation, the feeling of wearing a glove or stocking, loss of sensation, lack of coordination, heat intolerance, digestive and bladder problems, and changes in blood pressure.
There are a number of conditions that can cause peripheral neuropathy. They include:
The cause of peripheral neuropathy will generally determine if it is a permanent condition or one that can be reversed. In some severe cases, the condition can lead to amputation of the affected limbs.
Treatment for peripheral neuropathy largely depends on the cause of the condition. To manage the pain associated with peripheral neuropathy a variety of medications can be prescribed, including pain relievers such as codeine, anti-seizure medications, Immunosuppressive therapy, such as prednisone, antidepressants, and Lidocaine patches.
Other therapies include:
In cases where peripheral neuropathy is caused by disease, it usually improves when the disease is treated. Removing medications and toxins, and correcting vitamin deficiencies can also clear up the nerve condition.
Injuries can cause compression of the nerves, leading to neuropathy. Surgery can correct the injury, as in the case of disc pressure due to a slipped disc in the neck or back or if a broken bone has become displaced.
Atypical neuropathy can occur for unknown reasons. Absent of a diagnosis, treatment can include pain and anti-seizure medications, physical therapy, and use of a TENS unit. Support braces may also be used to help with any muscle weakness associated with the neuropathy.
For most patients, once the underlying cause of peripheral neuropathy is properly treated, the nerve damage can be managed or reversed. When surgery is required, the neuropathy will disappear. For many people, symptom management can help the patient live a normal lifestyle.