Scott Manley's January 30, 2022 video Deep Space Radiation, Black Holes And Other Questions - Episode 14 discusses radiation levels and human survivability on Jovian satellites, and after
...Callisto on the other hand, it seems to be much more manageable if you look at the numbers.
So yeah, if you wanted to mount a mission to Callisto, it wouldn't be too hard, Callisto probably has a fair amount of water ice, and very likely has liquid water in places, just not as much as say Europa.
Now of course if you want to avoid these radiation effects you can go under the surface and that really helps you a whole lot. It's not going to happen in Io because nobody likes swimming in molten lava.
Europa; you could actually in theory go scuba diving underneath the ice, it's really really thick! But the atmosphere - sorry, the gravity of Europa is low enough that it's at the high end of what is possible in scuba with highly technical gear.
Question: Why does Scott Manley say "the gravity of Europa is low enough that it's at the high end of what is possible in scuba with highly technical gear"?
What is it that would be at the "high end" but possible due to gravity of Europa being "low enough"?
Is gravity actually the problem, or is it something else that responds to gravity? Are there some depths where it would be more possible than others?
related to Europa's subsurface water (and potentially contaminating it):
- Have there been any determinations of the water pressure in Europa's ocean just below the ice?
- Who decided that a <1 in 10,000 probability of contaminating the europan ocean by a viable Earth microorganism was legally and ethically sufficient?
- Is there any demonstrated or even proposed technology that can sterilize a spacecraft with 100% certainty and yet leave it electronically functional?
- A certain way to blow up Europa, what is wrong with this suggestion?
above: Diagram of Europa's Ice surface and subsurface ocean, from the JPL News feature Scientists Find Evidence of 'Diving' Tectonic Plates on Europa.