Krasnodar City municipal formation is located in zone of moderate continental, steppe climate with a changeable moistening. Due to landscape characteristics greater part of north territory of Krasnodar City refers to the climate of steppe zone. It is characterized by the following features: predominance of air masses of continental origin, rather high annual amplitude, hot dry summer, little-snow winter with frequent thaw.
The main soil type of Krasnodar landscape is leached, super-powered and low-humic chernozem. By the nature of the surface morphology, the landscape represents mildly undulating lowland having small slope to the west and north-west.
Flora is variegated. All-aged, structure complexity and the plant life specificity, a great variety of its classification are conditioned by diversity of the physical and geographical conditions of the area.
Atmospheric air is the most important natural sphere and its qualitative condition has direct impact on population’s health. Anthropogenic sources of atmosphere pollution are the most common for Krasnodar City that combines features of urban ecosystem and specific physiographic and climate conditions. The main sources of pollution are motor vehicles that make the greatest part in total volume of pollutant emission.
The work on study and analysis of atmospheric air at the territory of Krasnodar City municipal formation is carried out in order to get information of atmospheric air condition. Observation of atmospheric air condition is fulfilled with observational stations of two categories: fixed and mobile (route).
Presently two fixed stations of air pollution monitoring work in Krasnodar. They are designed automatically to define mass concentration of polluting substances, aerosol particles in atmosphere, meteorological parameters and observe radioactive situation.
Information from these stations is transferred to the control center in real-time mode. Contact with these air pollution monitoring stations is conducted no less than 6 times in a day. If threshold limit value of any substances is exceeded it is displayed in the moment of measurements taking.
Being focused on priority list of measured pollutants as well as sources of polluting substances, these stations take control of the following substances:
- CO (carbon dioxide);
- NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) – NO (nitrogen oxide);
- SO2 (sulfur dioxide);
- H2S (hydrogen sulphide);
- SCH (sum of hydrocarbons);
- CH4 (methane);
- Dust (suspended solids).
In 2013 two new air pollution monitoring stations (PMS-3 and PMS-4) were installed in Krasnodar through interdepartmental target program “Krasnodar City municipal formation environment protection in 2011–2013”. Stations are fitted with up-to-date equipment. PMS-3 is fitted with gas-analyzer for the control of formaldehyde СН2О in atmosphere, automatic analyzer of aromatic hydrocarbons on a base of two gas chromatographers which is made as automatic continuous environmental monitor measuring mass concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluol, ethyl benzene, xylene, phenol) in atmosphere. It is planned to put these stations into operation in the first quarter of 2014.
Testing mobile laboratory is additional source of observation of atmospheric air quality. Territories not covered with fixed stations as well as objects of citizens’ complaints are observed by means of gas analysis equipment installed at testing mobile laboratory.
Testing laboratory is outfitted about as complete as PMS that provides representativity of compared data. Along with that specialists use an estimate of maximum one-time concentration for accepted reduced form of research program.
219 land plots of Krasnodar City were observed by testing mobile laboratory during 2013. Beginning from June 2013 discrete survey of atmospheric air was made by means of testing laboratory in order to get estimated rate of air pollution in Krasnodar City municipal formation.
Totally 212 442 air sample analyses were made by gas analysis complex PMS in 2013.