Format of Data
Pages that collect information from users, and restrict the format the user can use.
The objective of this technique is to help the user avoid input errors by informing them about restrictions on the format of data that they must enter. This can be done by describing characteristics of the format or providing a sample of the format the data should have.
Note: For data formats with common variations, such as dates and times, it may be useful to provide a preference option so users can use the format that is most comfortable to them.
The following HTML form control for a date indicates in the label that the date must be in day-month-year format, not month-day-year as many users in the United States may assume.
<label for="date">Date (dd-mm-yyyy)</label>
<input type="text" name="date" id="date" />
Requirements on Statistical Data
Statisticians need a data format that is both ﬂexible enough to handle all different kinds of statistical data (from time series to micro-array data), and specialized enough to incorporate statistical notions such as scales and missingness.
Such a data format should feature:
- Special symbols for inﬁnities and undeﬁned values,
- Special symbols for missingness (“not available”),
- Logical data,
- Categorical data (nominal/unordered, ordinal/ordered, or cyclic),
- Numeric data (integer, real and complex),
- Character data (strings),
- Date/time information,
- Vectors (objects with elements of the same type),
- Lists (objects with—possibly diﬀerent—elements of any type), and
- Meta-data (on all hierarchical levels).
Vectors should be indexable as rectangular forms—in order to build matrices or multidimensional arrays. Lists allow complex and even recursive structures (for they can contain lists again).
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