RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS BY NIKHIL PURANIK
ABOUT MIE MY NAME IS NIKHIL PURANIK PURSUING B.E IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FROM RNSIT -LIVE IN BENGALURU PROFILE :https://unacademy.com/user/nikhilrpuranik
TOPICS COVERED -RESPIRATION BREATHING HOW DO WE BREATHE BREATHING IN OTHER ANIMALS UNDERWATER BREATHING AND BREATHING IN PLANTS
RESPIRATION All living organisms respire to get energy from food During breathing, we breathe in air which contains oxygen and breathe out air During breathing, we breathe in air which contains oxygen and breathe out air which is rich in carbon dioxide The process of breakdown of food in the cells of a living organism in the presence of oxygen with the release of energy is called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of all organisms. When breakdown of glucose in the cell occurs with the use of oxygen it is called AEROBIC RESPIRATION When it occurs without using oxygen, it is called ANAEROBICRESPIRATION.
Breakdown of food releases energy. With the use of oxygen carbon dioxide + water+ energy Glucose There are some organisms such as yeast that can survive in the absence of air. They are called anaerobes. hey get energy through anaerobic respiration In the absence of oxygen, glucose breaks down into alcohol and carbon dioxide, as given below: Without the use of oxvgen Glucosealcohol+ carbon dioxide+ energy
BREATHING he taking in of air rich in oxygen into the body is called inhalation and giving out of air rich in carbon dioxide is known as exhalation Nasal passage Pharynx Oral cavity Trachea It is a continuous process which goes on all the time and throughout the life of an organism. Lungs The number of times a person breathes in a minute is termed as the Ribs breathing rate. Diaphragm
HOW DO WE BREATHE Air is drawn in Air forced out The percentage of oxygen and carbon Inhaled air 21% oxygen Ribs move out Ribs move dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. back Exhaled air 16.4% oxygen Lungs Diaphragnm moves down Diaphragnm moves back 0.04% carbon dioxide 4.4% carbon dioxide (a) Inhalation (b) Exhalation
BREATHING IN OTHER ANIMALS INSECTS have openings called spiracles on the sides of their body and a network of air tubes called tracheae for gas exchange. -oxygen rich air rushes through spiracles into the tracheal tubes, diffuses into the body tissue, and reaches every cell of the body. Tracheae Similarly, carbon dioxide from the cells goes into the tracheal tubes and moves out through spiracles. FROGS AND EARTHWORMS can breathe through their skins as gases can pass through them.
BREATHING UNDERWATER AND IN PLANTS Gill FISH have gills which help them to use oxygen dissolved in water. Gills are projections of the skin and are well supplied with blood vessels for exchange of gases. PLANTS also take in oxygen from the air and give out carbon dioxide. Soil particles In the cells oxygen is used to break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water as in other organisms Root hair Like all other living cells of the plants, the root cells also need oxygen to generate energy and they take up air from the air spaces present between the soil particles DO Air space OOA
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