Iasos (Greek: Iασoς or Iασσoς) was an ancient city on the coast of Caria in Asia Minor (now Turkey , near the village of Kıyıkışlacık near Milas ). It was originally located on an island about 900 meters long and 500 meters wide, which was later connected to the mainland.
Iasos is one of the Ionian cities in Asia Minor (although it is said to have been founded from Argos ). Excavations between 1960 and 2014 have shown that the site was populated as early as the Late Copper Age and during the Early, Middle and Late Bronze Ages. In layers of the Middle Bronze Age, many finds of Cretan origin came to light , so that a Minoan colony is considered likely. From the late 15th century BC Chr. ( LH III A1 ) was the place much Mycenaean embossed, which both Mycenaean ceramics (imported and locally made) and other small finds, such as terracotta idols , witness and Mycenaean wall remains. Similar to Miletus , a Minoan settlement was evidently replaced by a Mycenaean one. There are assumptions that Iasos bring in connection with the sea people of the Wešeš ( W3šš ) Egyptian sources. Accordingly, the Egyptian name W3šš is derived from Iasos, or the variants Iassos or Ouassos.
Like its neighboring cities (e.g. Miletus), Iasos belonged temporarily to the Attic League and the Persian Empire in Classical times , since 129 BC. To the Roman province of Asia . The settlement lasted until 15th / 16th. Century, then the place was abandoned.
The city complex from the Hellenistic and Roman times (including city wall , agora , theater, town hall , aqueduct ) has been researched by Italian archaeologists (initially under the direction of Doro Levi ) since 1960 . Numerous inscriptions were found that give an insight into the inner conditions of the city.
Iasos was the seat of a bishop in late antiquity. The titular bishopric of Iasus (the Latin form of the name) of the Roman Catholic Church goes back to the diocese, which belonged to the ecclesiastical province of Stauropolis .
- Mario Benzi: LATE BRONZE III IASOS: MYCENAEAN AND LOCAL POTTERY. Deposits beneath the Roman Agora and the Basilica by the East Gate. In: Oliver Henry, Koray Konuk (eds.): Karia Arkhaia. La Carie des origines à la période pre-hékatomnide, 4ème Rencontre d'Archéologie de l'IFEA, Istanbul. Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes George Dumézil, 2019, p. 387f. al PDF at Academia.edu .
- Ekin Kozal: Anatolia in the 2nd millennium BC and the legacies of material culture from the eastern Mediterranean region, especially Cyprus. Dissertation Tübingen 2006, p. 31; Christopher Mee: Anatolia and the Aegaean in the Late Bronze Age. In: EH Cline, D. Harris-Cline (Eds.): The Aegean and the Orient in the second millennium. Proceedings of the 50th anniversary symposium, Cincinnati, April 18-20, 1997. Université de Liège, Liège 1998, pp. 137ff.
- Jorrit M. Kelder, Mycenaeans in Western Anatolia , in: JP Stronk - MD de Weerd (ed.), TALANTA. Proceedings of the Dutch Archeological and Historical Society XXXVI-XXXVII (2004-2005) , 2006, pp. 61f.
- Alexander Herda: Karkiša-Karien and the so-called Ionian migration. In: Frank Rumscheid (Ed.): The Karer and the Others. International Colloquium at the Free University of Berlin October 13-15, 2005 (2009), p. 57f, note 158 (with evidence).
- Paolo Emilio Pecorella: La cultura preistorica di Iasos in Caria. Bretschneider, Roma 1984, ISBN 88-85007-98-8 (Missione Archeologica Italiana di Iasos, 1; Archaeologica, 51).
- Wolfgang Blümel : The inscriptions from Iasos . 2 volumes. Habelt, Bonn 1985, ISBN 3-7749-2159-8 and ISBN 3-7749-2170-9 ( inscriptions of Greek cities from Asia Minor , vol. 28).
- Studi su Iasos di Caria. Venticinque anni di scavi della Missione Archeologica Italiana. Is. Poligr. e Zecca dello Stato, Rome 1987 (Bollettino d'arte [Ser. 6], 31/32 Suppl.).
- Arslantepe, Hierapolis, Iasos, Kyme: scavi archeologici italiani in Turchia . Marsilio, Venice 1993, ISBN 88-317-5822-5 .
- Clelia Laviosa : Iasos. In: Enciclopdia dell'Arte Anticha. Secondo Supplemento, Volume 3, 1995, pp. 76-85 ( online )
- Ufuk Serin: Early Christian and Byzantine churches at Iasos in Caria. An architectural survey. Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, Città del Vaticano 2004, ISBN 88-85991-38-6 (Monumenti di antichità cristiana Ser. 2, 17).
- Daniela Baldoni u. a .: Carian Iasos. Homer Kitabevi, Istanbul 2004, ISBN 975-8293-54-0 .
- Daniela Baldoni u. a. (Ed.): Iasos e il suo territorio. Atti del Convegno internazionale per i cinquanta anni della Missione Archeologica Italiana (Istanbul, 26-28 February 2011) (= (Missione Archeologica Italiana di Iasos. Volume 5). Bretschneider, Rome 2013.
- Bollettino dell'Associazione Iasos di Caria. 1, 1995 ff.