Flashcards in Chapter # 8 Ropes, Webbing, Knots Deck (71):
Name the two classifications that fire service rope have.
Life safety and Utility
Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services.
NFPA 1983 establishes two other types of rope, name them.
Escape Rope and Water rescue throw line
NFPA requires that only rope of ........... be used as life safety rope.
Block Creel Construction
List the requirements of NFPA 1983 that must be meet to reuse life safety rope.
No abrasions or apparent damage. It has not been exposed to heat or flame. It has not been subjected to a impact load. It has not been exposed to anything that can deteriorate the rope. It has passed inspection by a qualified personnel.
Life safety rope that has been subjected to a impact load or doesn't pass inspection must be what?
Destroyed or marked as utility rope.
List three things that utility rope can be used for.
Hoist equipment. Secure unstable objects. Cordon off a area.
Synthetic fibers are used to make what type of rope. Natural fibers are used to make what kind of rope?
Life safety and utility. Utility only
List things that are a detriment of natural fiber ropes.
Loose strength when they get wet. Rot rapidly. Prone to mold and mildew. Deteriorates when exposed to chemicals. Burns when in contact with embers or flame.
List advantages of synthetic fiber rope.
Excellent resistance to water, mildew, mold, rotting, shrinkage, and UV light. Longer life span then natural fiber. Strong and lightweight. Easy to maintain.
Name a disadvantage of synthetic fiber rope.
Melt when exposed to heat.
List advantages of natural fiber rope.
Resistant to sunlight. Does not melt when exposed to heat. It holds a knot firmly.
Name the four most common types of rope construction.
Kermantle, Laid, Braided, and Braid on Braid.
The only type of rope construction acceptable for life safety rope.
Rope that consist of a protective shield (mantle) over the load bearing core strands (kern).
What percentage of a Kermantle ropes strength is from the core (kern)?
According to NFPA 1983 low stretch rope should not stretch more then .......percent when tested under a load equal to .......percent of its breaking strength.
Rope constructed by twisting several groups of strands together. Used exclusively for utility rope. Susceptible to abrasion and other physical damage. Damage immediately effects the ropes strength.
Laid (twisted) rope
Rope constructed by uniformly intertwining strands of rope together. Load bearing fibers are vulnerable to abrasion and damage.
Rope that consist of a braided core enclosed in a braided herringbone pattern sheath. Half its strength is from the sheath the other half is from the core. Disadvantages are that it may not resist abrasion and that the outer sheath may slide along the inner core.
Braid on Braid. (Also called Double braided rope.)
When should all types of rope be inspected?
After each use and annually
True or False. Natural fiber laid rope deteriorates with age. When it reaches the end of its service life period as determined by the manufacture it should be removed from service?
Will rot from one rope move to effect another rope if they are stored together?
If while inspecting a braid on braid rope you notice that the sheath slides on the core what should you do?
Cut the end of the rope, pull off the excess material, then seal the end.
To ensure a rope remains in good condition follow manufactures guidelines and these 8 additional guidelines.
Avoid abrasion and unnecessary wear. Avoid sharp angles and bends. Protect ends from damage. Avoid sustained loads. Avoid rust. Prevent contact with chemicals. Reverse ends of the rope periodically. Do not walk on rope.
How much of a ropes strength can be reduced from sharp angles, knots, and bends?
A rope should never be loaded with a sustained load for more then how many days?
Remove a rope with rust stain if the rust penetrates how much of the rope?
1/2 the width
The first step in cleaning rope is to use a ............to remove loose surface debris and grime.
stiff bristle brush
If a synthetic rope needs more cleaning then what is done with a stiff bristle brush, it should be washed in ..........with a mild...........or ..........added.
Luke warm to warm water, detergent, fabric softener.
List three methods for cleaning synthetic rope.
Washing by hand, Rope-washing device, Washing machine.
If a washing machine is used to clean synthetic rope it should be one without a .........
Synthetic rope should be dried ASAP. Do not use these two drying methods.
Heated dryer, Laying in direct sunlight
Cleaning natural fiber ropes is limited to what?
All life safety rope must have what during its entire service time?
Record of all use, maintenance, and inspections throughout a ropes working life; also included the product label and manufactures recommendations. Keep with rope in water proof pouch.
Device used for creating anchors and lashings, or for packaging patients and rescuers; typically constructed from the same materials as synthetic rope.
What width of webbing is most common in the fire service?
Name two types of webbing.
Flat and tubular
Stiff webbing and difficult to tie knots. Mainly used for straps and harnesses.
More supple and easier to tie webbing.
Name two types of tubular webbing and how they are made.
Edge stitched: folding a piece of flat webbing lengthwise and sewing the edge.
Spiral Weave: also known as shuttle-loom construction, preferred for rescue work. The webbing is weaved as a tube.
Name 4 ways that life safety webbing can be used.
Rescue harness/Ladder belt, anchor systems, package and secure victims to a litter, fasten rescue components together.
Seat harness. Fastens around waist and thighs or under buttocks. Intended to be used for emergency escape with a load of up to 300lbs.
Class I Harness
Same as a Class I harness except it is rated up to 600lbs.
Class II Harness
Full body harness. Fastens around the waist, thighs, under buttock, over the shoulders. Rated for loads up to 600lbs.
Class III Harness.
Name 9 things that utility webbing can be used for.
Securing hose rolls and bundles. Raising and lowering tools and equipment. Search line. Securing doors and hatches open. Carrying hose, SCBA cylinders, and equipment. Controlling a inward swinging door when it is being forced. Pulling a person out of a hot zone. Securing a vehicle roof when it is being peeled back. Holding a door open as it is being spread open by spreaders.
Name the three parts a rope is divided into when tying a knot.
Working end, Running part, Standing part.
Part of the rope used to tie the knot or hitch.
Free end of a rope used for hoisting, pulling, or belaying.
Part of rope between the Working end and Running Part.
To be suitable for use in the fire service a know must have this three things.
easy to tie and untie, be secure under load, reduce the ropes strength as little as possible.
Name the three types of bends that a rope undergoes when a knot or hitch is tied.
Bight, Loop, Round Turn
Formed by simply bending the rope back on itself while keeping the sides parallel.
Crossing the side of a bight over the standing part of a rope.
Further bending one side of a loop.
List the eleven most common types of knots and hitches used in the fire service.
Overhand safety, Bowline, Half-hitch, Clove-hitch, Handcuff, Figure-eight, Figure-eight bend, Figure-eight on a bight, Figure-eight follow through, Becket Bend, Water Knot
A good knot that forms a single loop that will not constrict.
Useful for stabilizing long objects that are being hoisted, always used in conjunction with another knot or hitch.
A knot used primarily for utility applications, used to attaché a object to the rope, not to be used for life safety.
The foundation knot for all of the figure eight family knots. Also used as a stopper knot.
Also called the Flemish Blend. Used to tie ropes of equal diameter together. Used primarily in life safety applications.
Mainly used for securing objects.
Figure Eight follow through.
Used for joining two ropes of unequal diameters or joining a rope and chain together. Strong when wet. Not used in safety applications.
Used to join two pieces of webbing, or the ends of one piece. Can slip easily so it must be dressed and tied as flat as possible.
Name five main uses for rope and webbing at an emergency incident.
Rescue operations. Hoisting tools and equipment. As a barrier to indicate the control zone. As a search line during search operations. Stabilizing objects.
Name three ways that life safety rope can be used.
Rappelling. Lifting victims and rescuers. Removing victims from ice and swift water situations.
T or F. Hoisting pressurized SCBA cylinders is prohibited by OSHA because it is unsafe.
A pulley is a simple device used to create a ?
Most common types of rope hardware used in hoisting.
Carabineers and pulleys