GeneralAnaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening patient's pathological condition that develops when the body contact with certain foreign substances (antigens). Anaphylaxis refers to an immediate type allergic reactions, the compound in which the antigen causes the release of the antibodies into the bloodstream of a number of biologically active substances (histamine, serotonin). These substances cause increased permeability of blood vessels, impaired blood circulation in small blood vessels spasm of the muscles of internal organs and a variety of other disorders. Blood accumulates in the periphery, blood pressure falls, the internal organs and the brain does not get enough oxygen, which is the main cause of loss of consciousness.
It should be understood that such a reaction of the body to foreign substances is inadequate, hyperergic (ie superstrong). The severity of a person due to the failure of the body's immunological response.
Causes anaphylactic shockThe most common causes of anaphylaxis are insect bites and the introduction of drugs (such as penicillin, sulfonamides, serums, vaccines, etc.). Less commonly, there are similar reactions to foods (chocolate, peanuts, oranges, mangoes, various kinds of fish), inhalation of dust or pollen allergens.
The symptoms of anaphylactic shockThe clinical picture of anaphylactic shock is characterized by fast development of symptoms to appear after a few seconds or minutes after contact with an allergen.
- Inhibition of consciousness;
- Drop in blood pressure;
- Involuntary urination.
In most patients, the disease begins with the appearance of a sense of heat, redness of the skin, the fear of death, headache, pain behind the breastbone. Blood pressure drops sharply, the pulse becomes thready.
The options anaphylactic shock with a primary lesion:- The skin with increasing pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and the advent of widespread angioneurotic edema;
- Nervous system (cerebral version) with the development of severe headache, nausea, increased tactile sensitivity, seizures with involuntary defecation and urination, loss of consciousness;
- Respiratory (asthma variant) with a dominant suffocation due to edema of the mucosa and smooth muscle spasm of the upper respiratory tract;
- Heart (cardiogenic) with the development pattern of acute myocarditis or myocardial infarction.
The diagnosis is usually made on clinical.