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Transcript of Photosynthesis
Shaina Padua, Isabel Richards,
and Adriana Donkers Phototsynthesis Photosynthesis: An Overview The Reactions Of Photosynthesis Inside a Chloroplast Thylakoid: a saclike synthetic membranes that captures light energy for light reaction of photosynthesis (arranged in stacks called grana) Thank you for listening! :) Introduction to Photosynthesis What are Autotrophs? An example of an autotroph is a plant. What Are Heterotrophs?
Depends on the autotrophs for food and oxygen.
Creates CO2 for the plants.
Cannot create its own food.
A rabbit is one example of a heterotroph that depends on producers. Created by: Adriana Donkers Stroma: the fluid in the chloroplast that surrounds the grana in which the Calvin cycle takes place Photosystem: a cluster of pigment and protein that absorbs all the light energy (found in thylakoids) Electron Carriers By Shaina Padua What is ATP? ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
A compound that cells use to store and release energy.
One of the major compounds that is used by cells
ATP allows you to take the energy off of food What is ADP? Compare and Contrast:
ATP and ADP How ATP Stores Energy How ATP Releases Energy ADP is able to change from ADP to ATP, similar to how a person who is hungry then eats food to become full. the light from the sun that enters into the earth is called "white "
white light is wavelengths of light.
these lights are called the visible spectrum, the different colors we can see. The energy that is absorbed by the plants is called pigments.
the main pigments in plants are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
Some plants use their pigments for camouflage and sunburns. Van Helmonts experiment Red-hot coal:
Van Helmont had composed an experiment by putting a tree in a pot with soil and watered it.
years later he measured the plants weight and the soil.
The soil weighed the same. he concluded that plants grow on water. Transported by electron carriers (NADPH) from chlorophyll to other molecules. Priestley's experiment Priestley had put a candle under a jar and the flame went out.
oxygen was needed to burn the candle. he later put a sprig of mint plant in the jar with the candle, then later was lit again and had stayed lit.
he proved that plants made oxygen Using Biochemical Energy Using Biochemical Energy Continuation Jan Ingenhousz High-energy electrons: ADP has:
Ribose and phosphorus.
ADP has less
chemical energy than ATP, like a half full battery.
Bonds between the
last two molecules are broken. ATP has:
Adenine, Ribose and
phosphorus. The ADP adds another phosphate to make ATP. What is Chemical Energy One type of energy is chemical energy. You don't want to carry it to a fireplace with your bare hands, so you use a pan to transport it. dutch scientist Jan Ingenhousz 1730-1799 is best known for discovering photosynthesis.
by placing a plant in water by the sun he saw that bubbles came out.
But in the dark the plant released carbon dioxide.
the plant need sunlight to grow. Photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplasts of plant cells. Ex: Light energy from sun turns into chemical energy to make food in plants to make natural compounds. Chemical Energy = energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds. photosynthesis equation this equation shows how sunlight makes water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen light photosynthesis also requires light and chlorophyll.
chlorophyll is the green pigments in plants that converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Light Independent Reactions:
The Calvin Cycle ATP releases energy by hydrolysis of ATP. Two Main Steps in Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reactions Light Independent Reactions absorbs light energy
thylakoid membrane of chloroplast
make ATP and NADPH as energy source for Calvin Cycle Light Dependent Reactions Light Dependent Reactions uses energy to make glucose
stroma of chloroplast
uses the ATP and NADPH grabs carbon dioxide from the air
uses ATP and NADPH energy to create glucose from electrons and carbon dioxide
releases ATP and NADPH that has no more use
Plant uses energy in the form of glucose ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate converts ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH What The Abbreviations Stand For ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate NADPH: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate The Cycle Between Light Dependent and Light Independent Reactions High Hydrogen Pressure Overview of Light Dependent and Light Independent Reactions Calvin Cycle in Detail produces oxygen gas by removing Hydrogen ions from the water molecules The ATP is important to the cell for it: Instead of ATP being used for
the majority of the time for it
is the main energy source: ATP is able to respond to the chemical signals happening at the surface of the cell. Helps the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids Carries out active transportation in the cell 2 3
ATP has more chemical power than the ADP, more like a full battery.
Has stronger bond between molecules. Autotrophs, or the producers, are living organisms that can produce its own food and can create oxygen. Chemical formula: ATP ----> ADP + energy + Pi Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound using water. Uses small amounts of energy from ATP and ADP. It's used as little as possible for the energy can only be useful for cells for more than a few seconds. Cannot store large amounts of energy. The ADP uses the energy broken down from the food. The energy links the phosphate to the other phosphate groups. Chemical equation is: ADP + Pi + energy ----> ATP ADP stands for Adenosine Diphosphate. Important compound that helps the flow of energy in a cell. chlorophyll a and b the visible spectrum the sugars produced from plants taking in carbon dioxide is turned into starches PIGMENTS The green within the individual cells that are clear are chloroplasts.