Moeller, Ralf and Reitz, Günther and Nicholson, Wayne L. and the PROTECT Team, * and Horneck, Gerda (2012) Mutagenesis in Bacterial Spores Exposed to Space and Simulated Martian Conditions: Data from the EXPOSE-E Spaceflight Experiment PROTECT. Astrobiology, 12 (5), pp. 457-468. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2011.0739.
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As part of the PROTECT experiment of the EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station (ISS), the mutagenic efficiency of space was studied in spores of Bacillus subtilis 168. After 1.5 years’ exposure to selected parameters of outer space or simulated martian conditions, the rates of induced mutations to rifampicin resistance (Rif^R) and sporulation deficiency (Spo⁻) were quantified. In all flight samples, both mutations, Rif^R and Spo⁻ , were induced and their rates increased by several orders of magnitude. Extraterrestrial solar UV radiation ( > 110 nm) as well as simulated martian UV radiation ( > 200 nm) led to the most pronounced increase (up to nearly 4 orders of magnitude); however, mutations were also induced in flight samples shielded from insolation, which were exposed to the same conditions except solar irradiation. Nucleotide sequencing located the Rif^R mutations in the rpoB gene encoding the β-subunit of RNA polymerase. Mutations isolated from flight and parallel mission ground reference (MGR) samples were exclusively localized to Cluster I. The 21 Rif^R mutations isolated from the flight experiment showed all a C to T transition and were all localized to one hotspot: H482Y. In mutants isolated from the MGR, the spectrum was wider with predicted amino acid changes at residues Q469K/L/R, H482D/P/R/Y, and S487L. The data show the unique mutagenic power of space and martian surface conditions as a consequence of DNA injuries induced by solar UV radiation and space vacuum or the low pressure of Mars.
|Title:||Mutagenesis in Bacterial Spores Exposed to Space and Simulated Martian Conditions: Data from the EXPOSE-E Spaceflight Experiment PROTECT|
|Journal or Publication Title:||Astrobiology|
|In ISI Web of Science:||Yes|
|Page Range:||pp. 457-468|
|Publisher:||Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.|
|Keywords:||Bacillus, Spores, Planetary protection, Space, Mars, Mutagenicity|
|HGF - Research field:||Aeronautics, Space and Transport, Aeronautics, Space and Transport (old)|
|HGF - Program:||Space, Space (old)|
|HGF - Program Themes:||Research under Space Conditions, W FR - Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen (old)|
|DLR - Research area:||Raumfahrt, Space|
|DLR - Program:||R FR - Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen, W FR - Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen|
|DLR - Research theme (Project):||R - Vorhaben Strahlenbiologie, W - Vorhaben Strahlenbiologie (old)|
|Institutes and Institutions:||Institute of Aerospace Medicine > Radiation Biology|
|Deposited By:||Kerstin Kopp|
|Deposited On:||08 Aug 2012 15:36|
|Last Modified:||20 Mar 2013 19:45|
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