Your chart aroused my curiosity again.
According to your chart ~5 parts CaSO4 will dissolve in 100 parts Glycerol. I'm guessing this is by weight.
The solubility of Ca(OH)2 is ~1 part per 100 parts glycerol (per the chart).
The solubility of Ca(OH)2 is .173g/ ml water (wiki).
The solubility of NaOH is 111g/ml water (wiki).
The solubility of CaSO4 is ~1 part per 100 parts glycerol (per the chart).
the solubility of CaSO4(dihydrate) is .24g/ml water (wiki).
NaOH is soluble in water and Ca(OH)2 is almost insoluble. Caso4 is almost insoluble in water.
I was thinking that since there is water present in our byproduct, the NaOH would stay in solution in the water and CaSO4 would stay in solution in the glycerol. Since glycerol and water are miscible, my thought was any Ca(OH)2 created would precipitate out. I was thinking that any NaSO4 created would precipitate out upon cooling but it looks like there is so little that could be created, It would not precipitate out given the wiki solubility in water is listed as 4.76g/ 100ml at 0C.
This is the equation I'm guessing may occur. I have no idea if this is even possible.
I'm thinking that since NaOH is soluble in water and there is glycerol and water present,
CaSO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + Ca(OH)2
MW CaSO4 = 136g, mol
MW NaOH = 40g, mol
MW NaSO4 = 142g, mol
MW Ca(OH)2 = 74g, mol
5g CaSO4 = 5g/136g= .0367mol CaSO4
mols CaSO4*2 = .0367mol *2= .0734mol *40g = 1.496g NaOH needed.
.0367 mol NaSO4 = 5.2g
.0367 mol Ca(OH)2 = 2.7g