1 疏导公众情绪 defuse (public) anger/discontent; to properly channel
2 诚信缺失失 lack of credibility
3 发展为老百姓、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享 development for the
people, by the people and to the benefit of the people
4 调匀并赢 all-win harmony; harmony and all winners
5 实现社会正义及公正 ensure equity and justice
6 廉政文化建设 foster a culture of clean government
7 减少社会不平等状况 reduce social inequalities
8 和谐相处 live in harmony
9 和谐社会的内涵 the characteristics of a harmonious society
10 和实生物，同则不继（西周周太史史伯） Harmony generates and sameness
11 和为贵 Harmony is most precious; Peace is to be cherished.
12 和为者，天下之达道也（《中庸》） Harmony is the Way to be. (The
Doctrine of the Mean)
13 君子和而不同 Gentlemen seek harmony but not uniformity.
14 和则少有益于 Reconciliation benefits both; Peace benefits both.
15 和则生谐 Reconciliation leads to harmony.
16 天人合一 the unity of man/human and nature; Heaven-Man Oneness(书面);
Heaven and man are one. (口译)
Harmony is a defining/core value of China’s cultural tradition. It is an
ideal that the Chinese nation has never ceased to pursue.
“Harmony is most precious”. This means that mutual help and friendly
co-existence between states, nations and people should be our ultimate
19 与要各异 harmony in diversity/harmony without uniformity
“Harmony generates vitality”. This means that only with mutual
interaction and enrichment can different civilizations rejuvenate and
continue to grow.
To build a harmonious world, we should uphold democracy and equality to
enhance cooperation and coordination; ensure amity/fertility and mutual
trust to achieve common security; uphold justice and mutual benefit to
advance common development; and stay open to facilitate dialogue among
A harmonious country should be one of laws and stability, peace and
prosperity. A harmonious world should be one of democracy, peace,
justice and tolerance.
23 中国人数发起“海纳百川，有容乃大”，主张接受百下优长、兼集八方精义。 We
Chinese hold that one should be as tolerant / encompassing as the vast
ocean which admits hundreds of rivers and should draw upon other’s
24 和谐凝聚力量，和谐成就伟业。 Harmony rallys strength and leads to
25 中国真心愿意包容、博采各种文明的丰富 China is eager to draw on/upon
the strengths of other civilizations.
2 关于“xxx 观”的译法
1 科学发展观 scientific outlook on development
2 倡导公平、合理之初秩序观 call for the establishment of a new just and
3 以平等互利为核心之初发展观 new thinking on development based on
equality and mutual benefit
4 推动成立为互信、互利、平等与搭档为重点内容之初安全观 foster a new
thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality
5 主张形成以重多样性为特点之新文明观 foster a new thinking on
civilization that respects diversity
6 新能源观 new thinking on energy development
7 古为今用、洋为中用 旧译 let the ancient serve the present, let the
foreign serve the national，现译 draw from past and foreign achievements
8 文艺工作 cultural and art work; work in the cultural field
9 牢牢把握先进文化之前进方向 firmly keep to the direction of an advanced
10 文化与经济以及政治互相交融 interaction between cultural work, and
economic and political activities / cultural elements/factors
intermingle with economic and political factors
11 民族的不错的大众的社会主义文化 a socialist culture that is distinctly
Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented
12 弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化 promote mainstream values and uphold cultural
Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct
opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media
guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with
14 具有中国主义的社会主义文化 Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist
culture with Chinese appeal
15 越是民族的，越是世界之 The pride of a nation is also the pride of the
world. / What’s unique for a nation is also precious for the world. /
When you are unique, the world comes to you.
16 文艺应当靠拢群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。 Culture and arts should
be/keep close to the people, their lives and reality.
17 艺术滋润心灵，文化陶冶情操。 Art nurtures the soul and culture
cultivates the mind.
18 文化是保中华民族生生不息、蔓延不断的动感典型。 Culture is the
spiritual bond that ensures the continuity of our Chinese nation.
19 我们不克割断民族之学识血脉。 We must never sever the cultural vein of
20 树立正确的世界观、人生观与历史观 to foster a right/correct
outlook/view on the world, life and values
21 文化市场，文化交易 cultural market, cultural trade
22 始终拿社会效益放在首位 always put social benefit first
23 扶持体现民族特色和国水平的重点文化类及艺术院团 support
major/top-notch cultural projects and art troupes that represent
national characteristics and national level
1 文化体制改造 reform of cultural administrative system
2 文化（事业中）机制改革 internal reform of cultural institutions
3 文化事业 public cultural undertakings
4 文化产业 cultural industries
5 文化事业单位 cultural institutions
6 社会知识及图书馆业 work of community culture and libraries
7 经营性文艺演出 commercial (art and cultural) performance
8 经营性文化单位 cultural enterprises
9 “全国舞台精品工程” Works of Excellence on the Nation’s Stage
10 “文化扶贫计划” Culture-aid Program/Cultural Aid Program
11 “全国知识信息资源共享工程” National Project for the Sharing of
Cultural Information and Resources
12 “国家清史纂修工程” National Project for the Recompilation of Qing
13 “三下乡”（文化、科技、卫生） Bringing Culture/Science and
Technology/Hygienic Health to the Countryside
14 “群星奖” Galaxy Award (for amateur artists and community culture)
15 “文华奖” Splendor Award (for professional theatrical artworks)
16 “荷花奖” Lotus Award (for professional dance)
17 “孔雀奖” Peacock Award (for ethnic minority artists and artworks)
18 “五个一工程奖” the Best Works Award
19 “三个一百” “A Hundred Patriotic Films/Songs/Books” List
20 县县都有俱乐部、图书馆，乡乡都出文化站。 There should be cultural
center and library in every county and cultural station in every
21 文物保护方针“保护为主，抢救第一；合理运用，加强田间管理。” ”principles
for the protection of cultural heritage: “preservation with timely
rescue; utilization under strict control”.
22 全国第一文物保护单位 important heritage site under state protection
23 全国一级文物保护单位 Class A Heritage site under state protection
24 国家一级保护文物 Class A heritage/cultural property under national
25 保护及振兴地方戏曲 protect and rejuvenate local operas
26 曲艺 Quyi folk show, chuyi folk show (folk ballads and story-telling,
27 讴歌时代 extol/hail/sing praise to (the progress of) the times
28 国家一级演员 National Class-A Actor/Actress/Performer/Artist
29 晚会 Evening performance, Soiree, Gala Night/Evening
30 总策划 Producer
31 策划 Executive Producer
32 顾问 Advisor
33 主办 under the auspices of / sponsored by / hosted by
34 协办、支持 co-sponsored by, supported by
35 承办 presented by
36 监制 supervised by
37 创意 event/concept designed by
38 对外文化交易 international cultural trade
39 对外文化传播 international cultural communication
40 对外文化宣传 international cultural publicity
41 小额文化援 small-fund aid for cultural development
1 坚持正确进步、和谐发展、和平发展 Pursue scientific, harmonious and
2 全面落实科学发展观 Fully apply (put into practice) the Scientific
Outlook (Thinking) on Development
3 中央财政2003—2006年超收较多 The central government revenue exceeded
targets by a fair amount for the years 2003 through 2006.
4 避免经济提高由偏快转为了热 Prevent rapid economic growth from becoming
5 整顿小煤矿取得了阶段性成果 Major progress has been made in the current
stage of our efforts to bring order to small coalmines.
6 真正 Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach
7 解放思想 Free our minds
8 电视机覆盖于行政村向自然村延伸 TV coverage extends from incorporated
villages to unincorporated villages.
9 非闹一刀切 without imposing a single solution
10 保证百姓之知情权﹑参与权﹑表达权和监督权 Ensure people’s right to
know, to participate, to express and to supervise.
11 加强支农、惠农政策 Strengthen the policy of supporting agriculture
and benefiting farmers
12 单位 Organizations and institutions
The path of peaceful development has both external and domestic
dimensions. Thus, we must bear closely in mind our overall interests,
both internal and external.
14 这种社会风气文明的多样性是不因人们主观意志为换的客观存在。 Like it or
not, the diversity of civilizations is a reality.
15 对外宣传工作 conduct public diplomacy programs
16 解决民生问题 to improve people’s well-being
17 “召远于修近，闭祸在除怨。” “To win distant friends, one needs, first
of all, to have good relations with his neighbors. To avoid adversity,
one needs to ease animosity.”
18 我之头脑里满了忧虑。 I am preoccupied with pressing challenges.
19 到……挂职 to take up provisional post in
20 非政府组织 / 民间组织 / 群众组织 /人民团体 NGOs / civil society /
people’s organizations / civic organizations
21 巡视员 inspector
22 调研员 researcher
23 主任科员 principal staff
24 副主任科员 senior staff
25 科员 staff member
26 编内职工 permanent staff
27 中编办 Central Staffing Department
28 编制人数 staff size
29 国家行政编制 government staff status
30 事业编制 staffing of government affiliated institutions
31 党政正职领导干部 chief Party and government officials
1 推动经济社会发展实际转入科学进步轨道 To truly put economic and social
development on a scientific track
2 科学民主决策 Make decisions scientifically and democratically
3 中央 The national leadership/The central Party and government
authorities/The central government
4 我们设更上一层楼老年事业 We will develop old age programs.
5 我们务必坐对国及公民高度负责任的旺盛使强有力措施解决这些题材 We must
maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the country and people and
take forceful measures to resolve these problems.
6 开足马力缓解民生问题 Every effort was made to improve the people’s
7 当局我建设在有的题目 Government efforts to enhance performance
still have room for improvement.
8 是这些题材从来在制度不全面，监管无到位 The root cause of the
problems lies in institutional deficiencies and poor oversight.
9 长官干部如果深入基层了解民众疾苦 Leading officials should visit
communities to better understand the problems troubling the people.
10 加强基层民主 Expand democracy at village and community level
11 不少出增长是刚性的 Many increases in expenditure are fixed /
12 积极妥善推进企业政策性破产工作 Actively yet prudently proceed with
work related to policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprises.
13 对生能群行业进行结合 To carry out restructuring of industries with
surplus production capacity
14 淘汰煤炭行业落后产能 Close down backward production facilities in the
15 为提高经济提高后劲发挥重要作用 Play an important role in sustaining
China’s economic development
16 规范收入分配秩序 Standardize pattern of income distribution
17 历史少见的沉痛自然灾害 Natural disasters of a severity seldom seen in
18 实施治理商业贿赂专项行动 A campaign to combat business bribery was
19 斥资消费关系不和谐 Investment is not in keeping with consumer demand.
20 政府职能转变滞后 Moves to change the way the government functions are
behind schedule/have not made expected progress.
21 向百姓交出满意的答卷 To deliver a good report to the people
22 政府办事之基本思路是 The basic approach for the work of government
23 关心中国现代化建设 To care about China’s modernization
24 城市低在保障制度 System of basic cost of living allowances for
25 全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设 Promote all aspects of
socialist economic, political and cultural development
26 稳定消费预期，扩大即期消费 We should ensure consumer confidence and
expand immediate consumption.
27 以还高昂的精神状态恪尽职守 We must carry out our duties with greater
28 根据经济运行的初情景周政策 Improve policies in response to new
developments in the operation of the economy
29 把各项政策落到实处 Truly put all policies into effect
30 妥善处理内需和外需的涉嫌 Properly balance domestic demand and
31 统筹考虑国内外经济腾飞之并行联系以及影响 Take into consideration the
interconnectedness and mutual influence of domestic and international
32 抓好以下几独面 We should concentrate on the following areas:
33 解决出口退税历史欠债 Resolve long-standing arrears in export tax
34 放宽市场准入 Relax control over market entry
35 改变外贸增长方式 Change the way China’s foreign trade grows
36 引导银行加大对农业贷款支持 Guide banks in continuing to increase
credit support to agriculture
hold high the great banner of Chinese socialism, follow the guidance of
Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents,
(thoroughly) apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to
free our minds, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in
a scientific way, promote social harmony, and strive for new success in
building a well-off society in all respects
2 是当代中华向上前行的样子，是全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的旗帜 the banner
guiding the development and progress of China and rallying the whole
Party and people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common
3 当代中华正值发大而深刻的变革 China now is going through a
wide-ranging and deep-going transformation
4 抓住和用好重大战略机遇期 seize and make most of the opportunities in
this important strategic period
5 锐意进取 forge ahead with determination
6 即使提到全局的要问题作出决定及布置 make decisions and action plans on
issues of overriding importance
7 提出并实现科学发展观等根本战略思想 formulate and apply the Scientific
Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts
8 经济效益明显增强 Economic performance improved markedly / remarkably.
9 区域发展协调性增强 Regional development became more balanced.
10 自主创新能力 capacity for independent innovation
11 载人数航天航空成功促成 Manned spaceflights were successfully conducted
12 能源资源节约与生态环境保护 energy and resources conservation and
ecological and environmental protection
13 农村综合改革 comprehensive reforms in rural areas
14 农业税、牧业税、特产税全部取消 Agricultural tax, livestock tax and
taxes on special agricultural products were rescinded throughout the
15 支农惠农政策 policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas
16 非公有制经济 the non-public sector of the economy
17 城乡居民最低在保障制度 the system of basic living allowances for
urban and rural residents
18 衣食住行用水平不断增强 enjoy better food, clothing, housing,
transport and other daily necessities / better access to…
19 政治体制改革 Reform of political institutions
20 民族区域自治制度 the system of autonomy of ethnic regions
21 基层民主 community-level democracy
22 中国风味社会主义法律网 a socialist system of laws with Chinese
23 依法治国基本方略扎实落实／深入贯彻 The rule of law was effectively
implemented / will be carried out as a fundamental principle. reform of
the government administration system and the judicial system
24 行政管理体制、司法体制革新 reform of the government administration
system and the judicial system
1 马克思主义理论研究与建设工程 the Project to Study and Develop Marxist
2 思想道德建设 efforts to raise ideological and ethical standards /
promote ideological and ethical progress
3 全社会文明水平进一步提高 The educational and ethnical standards of the
whole society have been raised.
4 文化体制革新 reform of cultural administrative system
5 精神文化在更是助长 enjoy a richer cultural life
6 民健身和斗体育 public fitness programs and competitive sports
7 华夏风味队伍变革 the revolution in military affairs with Chinese
8 裁减军队员额二十万任务顺利完成 The armed forces were reduced by
9 兵马革命化、现代化、正规化建设 Make the armed forces/army more
revolutionary, modernized and standardized
10 全方位外交 all-directional diplomacy
11 党的建设新的伟大工程 A great new Party-building Program
12 党的统治能力建设 endeavors to strengthen the Party’s governing
13 理论创新以及理论武装 make theoretical innovations and educate Party
members in them
14 保持共产党员先进性教育活动 the campaign to educate Party members in
preserving / to retain their vanguard nature
15 党内民主 intra-Party democracy
16 领导班子及干部队伍建设 strengthen the Party’s leading bodies and the
ranks of Party officials to enhance capacity-building of Party’s leading
bodies and Party officials
17 党风廉政建设 build a fine Party culture and keep its organizations
18 一些基层党组织软弱涣散 Some community level Party organizations are
weak and lax.
19 党之创造力、凝聚力、战斗力 the creativity, cohesion and competence of
20 谱写了民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的瑰丽 compose a new epic of the
Chinese nation’s heroic efforts
Historic changes have taken place in the Chinese people, socialist China
and the CPC.
22 保持与发展党之先进性 preserve and enhance / maintain and develop the
Party’s vanguard nature
23 确保党始终走以时前列 ensure that the Party is always in the
forefront of the times
24 艰辛探索社会主义建设规律 painstaking exploration of the law on the
building of socialism
25 社会主义基本制度 the basic system of socialism
26 当代华夏上上下下进步更上一层楼 every step forward, every progress
27 确立社会主义初级阶段基本路线 formulate the basic line for the primary
stage of socialism
28 吹响走自己之路途的时号角 sound the clarion call of the times and take
our own road
29 受命于要历史关头 take over the helm at a critical historical
30 国内外政治事件、经济风险等严峻考验 the severe tests of political
turbulences and economic risks at home and abroad
31 引领改革开放的航船沿着正确方向破浪前行 steer the ship of reform and
opening up forward on the right course
32 发扬求真务实、开拓进取精神 promote the truth-seeking, pragmatic and
33 全面改革之过程势不可当地进行了 The sweeping reform has unfolded with
34 沿江(长江)沿边 areas along the Yangtze River and the national borders
35 对外开放的大门毅然决然地开拓了 With resolve and determination, China
opened her door to the world.
Today, a new socialist China stands rock-firm in the East, embracing
modernization, the world and the future.
37 国民生活于温饱不足发展至整小康 The Chinese people, once
inadequately fed and clad, are generally leading a fairly comfortable
1 稳定地倒及了富安康的泛道路 move steadily toward prosperity and
constantly seek answers to major theoretical and practical questions
such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of party we
must build and how to build it, and what kind of development Chinashould
achieve and how to achieve it
3 党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验 Party’s basic theory, line,
program and experience
4 社会主义与马克思主义在华中外上精神出勃勃生机 Socialism and Marxism
have shown vigor and vitality in China.
5 大踏步赶上时代进步潮流 catch up with the trend of the times in big
6 可党心民心 accord with/echo the aspirations of the Party members and
7 强调百姓首创精神 respect the people’s initiative/pioneering
8 提高全中华民族文明素质 to improve the educational and ethical standards of
the whole nation
9 开拓了中华特点社会主义道路 blaze a trail of socialism with Chinese
characteristics open a path of…
10 形成了中国特点社会主义理论体系 theoretical system of Chinese
11 建设富强民主文明协调的社会主义现代化国家 make China a prosperous,
strong, democratic, culturally developed and harmonious modern socialist
12 实践永无止境 Practice knows no bound.
13 勇于变革、勇于创新 make bold changes and innovations
14 不为任何风险所畏，不给别干扰所惑 fear no risks and never be
confused by any interference
15 使中华风味社会主义道路愈活动越红火广 broaden our path of socialism with
16 让当代中国马克思主义放射更加灿烂的真谛光芒 Let the truth of Marxism
of contemporary Chinashine more brilliantly.
17 马克思主义关于发展之世界观和方法论的集中体现 a concentrated
expression of the Marxist world outlook and methodology with regard to
18 同……一脉相承 in the same line as…
19 立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情 fully recognize the basic reality that
China is in the primary stage of socialism
20 粗放性增长方式 the extensive mode of growth/inefficient model of
21 改革攻坚 further reform in difficult areas
22 统筹兼顾各方面利益 accommodate the interests of all parties
23 农业基础薄弱的规模没有变更 The foundation of agriculture remains weak
24 思想活动的独立性、选择性、多变性、差异性明显增强 become more
independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking
25 社会结构、社会团体形式、社会利益格局 the structure of society, the
way society is organized and interests of different social groups/and
the mix of social interests
26 发达国家在经济科技上占优势的压力长期存在 Pressure caused by the
economic and scientific dominance of developed countries will continue
for a long time to come
experience far-reaching changes in the productive forces and the
relations of production, as well as in the economic base and the
Chinese society’s principal problem/challenge is the gap between the
ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the low level
of social production
29 当前我国发展之阶段性特征 the salient features of the current stage of
development in China
30 妄自菲薄 belittle oneself
31 自甘落后 be resigned to backwardness
32 脱离实际、急于求成 unrealistic pursuit of quick results
1 共同建设、共同拥有的尺码 the principle of all the people building a
harmonious …and enjoy its benefits
2 着力缓解百姓无限关注、最直接、最实际的补益问题 spare no effort to solve
most practical problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the
3 形成全体老百姓各尽其能、各得那个所要还要和谐相处的规模 cultivate/foster an
environment in which all people do their best, are content with their
lives/enjoy what they do and live together in harmony
4 提高改革决定的科学性，增强改革方法的协调性 make decision-making more
scientific and measures of reform better coordinated
5 全面提高开放程度 improve the work of opening-up
6 将改善老百姓生存看做正确处理改革提高长治久安关系之结合点 We need to
improve…as we endeavor to balance…
7 圆把握科学发展观的科学内涵和精神实质 fully appreciate/understand the
essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development
8 拿全社会之进步积极引导及对发展达成来 guide the whole society in
pursuing development in a scientific way
9 把握经济社会发展趋势和原理 follow the trend and the law of economic
and social development
uphold the basic program consisting of the basic objectives and policies
for economic, political, cultural and social progress under socialism
with Chinese characteristics
11 区域协调互动发展体制 a mechanism for promoting balanced and
interactive development among regions
12 主体功能区 development priority zones
13 法治政府建设 enhance law-based government administration
14 社会主义核心价值体系深入人心 Core socialist values are winning the
hearts and minds of the people.
15 弘扬优秀思想道德风尚 promote moral integrity
16 建设生态文明 promote a conservation culture
17 生态文明观念在都社会牢不可破树立 To foster public awareness of
18 具有更强文明素质与振奋追求 Raise ethical standards and have
19 对外进一步开放、更加有亲和力 be more open and friendly to the outside
Strengthen the foundation for building a well-off society of a higher
level in all respects to the benefit of over one billion people
21 建设创建时国家 make China an innovative nation
22 国家中长期科学与技巧提高规划大纲 Outline of the National Program for
Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development
23 突破制约经济社会发展之关键技术 make breakthroughs in key technologies
vital toChina’s economic and social development
24 支持前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研讨 support research in frontier
technology and in technology for public welfare
25 建立因店堂为主导、市场吧导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系 establish a
market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which
enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of
enterprises, universities and research institutes
26 引导与支撑创新元素为商店集合 guide and support the pooling of factors
of innovation into enterprises
27 科技成果产业化 the application of scientific and technological
achievements in production
28 培养培训世界五星级科学家和科技领军人才 train / bring up world-class
scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research
29 使创新智慧竞相迸发、创新人才大量涌现 inspire creativity and bring
forth large numbers of innovative personnel
30 推进信息化暨工业化融合 promote IT-based industrialization
31 具有国际竞争力的怪商店集团 internationally competitive conglomerates
1 加强农业基础地位 strengthen the position of agriculture as the
foundation of the economy
2 形成城乡经济社会发展总体新布局 make progress in integrating
economic and social development in urban and rural areas
3 促进农业科技进步 promote advances in agriculture-related science and
4 增强农业综合生产能力 improve overall agricultural production
5 壮大县域经济 expand county economies
6 多渠道转移农民就业 create more jobs for rural surplus labor force
7 提高帮困开发程度 make poverty reduction more effective through
8 革新国有林权制度 reform the system of collective forest use rights
9 坚持农村基本经营制度 uphold the basic system for the rural economy
10 发展适度规模经营 develop appropriately scaled operations
11 农民专业合作团队 specialized farmers’ cooperatives
12 支持农业产业化经营及龙头企业发展 support the industrialization of
agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses
give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly
society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and make
every organization and family to act accordingly
14 开发与加大节、替代、循环使用的红旗适用技术 develop and extend
advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and
recycling energy and resources
15 发展环保产业 develop environmental conservation industries
16 促进生态修复 promote restoration of the ecosystems
17 优化国土开发格局 improve land development program
18 实现核心公共服务均等化 ensure equal access to basic public services
19 西部大开发 large-scale development of western China/China’s western
20 促进中部地区崛起 boost the development of the central region
21 突破行政区划界限，形成多带动力强、联系紧密的经济圈和经济带 Break
administrative divisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims
and belts that will boost the development of the surrounding areas
22 帮助资源紧张地区实现经济转型 help transform the economies of areas
where natural resources are exhausted
23 增强综合承载能力 increase the overall carrying capacity of cities
24 以特大城市为依托，形成辐射作用好之城市群，培育新的经济提高极 form
city clusters with mega-cities as the core so that they can boost
development in surrounding areas and become new poles of economic growth
25 坚持同等保护物权 ensure equal protection of property rights
26 深化国有企业公司制股份制改革 deepen the reform to introduce the
corporate and shareholding systems in SOEs
27 增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力 enhance the dynamism, leverage and
influence of the state sector of the economy
28 国有资本经营预算制度 budget system for managing state capital
29 发展多种形式的集体经济、合作经济 develop collective and cooperative
economic operations in diverse forms
30 个体、私营经济 self-employed and other private businesses/private
31 以当代产权制度为底蕴，发展混合所有制经济 develop the economic
sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights
1 形成统一开竞争有序的当代市面体系 develop a modern market system
that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition
2 完善生产要素价格形成机制 improve the pricing regime/mechanism for
factors of production
3 行业协会以及商海中介组织 industry associations and commercial
4 建立健全资源有偿使用制度以及生态环境补偿机制 set up a sound system of
compensation for use of resources and for damage caused to the
5 形成多所有制的现世金融体系 build a modern financial system
consisting of different forms of ownership
6 逐步实现资金项目可兑 gradually make the RMB convertible under
7 到和严厉市场准入制度 improve and strictly enforce market access
8 进行对外开放广度和深度 expand opening up in scope and depth
9 增高开放型经济水平 improve our open economy
10 把“引进来”和“走下”更好做起来 ensure better coordination in
pursuing the “bring in” and “go global” strategies
11 加快培育我国之国际知名品牌 speed up the launching of Chinese brand
names in the world market
12 促进国际收支基本平衡 maintain a basic balance in international
13 人民民主是社会主义的身 People’s democracy is the lifeblood of
14 基层群众自治制度 the system of community level self-governance
15 坚持党总揽全局、协调各方之领导核心作用 uphold the Party’s central
role in exercising overall leadership and coordinating work in all
16 过去底五年是免寻常的五年 The past five-years has been a
momentous/no ordinary one.
17 国际环境复杂多变 The international environment is complex and
18 认真落实十七大精神 diligently follow the guidelines set out at the
17th Party Congress
19 拿走了家喻户晓的巨大成就 We have made major achievements that
attracted the world’s attention.
20 终结了农种地缴税的史 ended the centuries-old practice of
farmers paying taxes for tilling their land
21 起步良好 A good start was made in the efforts to…
22 综合国力(经济)跨上新台阶 China’s overall national strength
(economy) reached new heights.
23 中国的国际地位及潜移默化不断增进 China’s international standing and
influence continue to grow.
24 取得了生国际影响之科技成果 We have achieved a lot in scientific and
technological innovation that have captured world attention
25 公共卫生体系初步建立 The basic elements of a public health system
have been put into place.
26 依法行政，扎实推进 Progress was made in rule-of-law administration.
27 开放(型)经济进来新等 China has entered a new stage in opening up
We have worked hard to make macro-economic regulation / macro-control
more proactive, responsive and effective, with focus on resolving
major problems affecting economic performance.
1.当世界第一落实经济恢复向好 China was among the first in the world to
see the economic turnaround.
outstanding achievements in the past six decades have greatly boosted
the confidence and pride of the people.
3.自住性住房消费 owner-occupied homes/houses
4.保障性住房 low-income housing
5.经济适用房 affordable housing
6.抑制部分行业产能过剩和另行建设 to restrict excess production capacity
and redundant development in some industries
7.节能产品惠民工程 project to promote energy-efficient products for the
benefit of the people
8.国家补贴节能产品 Government-subsidized energy-efficient products
9.快捷照明灯具 compact fluorescent lamp
10.灾害防御能力 disaster preparedness
11.样式机制 institutions and mechanisms
12.体障碍 institutional barriers
13.创业板 The ChiNext stock market
14.集体林权制度改革 the reform of tenure in collective-owned forests
15.对外工程承包营业额 receipts from overseas project contracts revenue
from overseas contracted projects
16.经贸金融合作 economic, trade and financial cooperation
17.连农民工在内的市镇企业职工养老保险关系转移接续办法 method to ensure
portability and continuity of pension accounts for urban enterprise
workers, including rural migrant workers
18.棚户区 run-down areas
19.更加助长教育公平 We made education more equitable.
20.社会正常秩序 maintain order in society
21.统筹国内国际两单大局 consider both domestic and international
22.既强调统一考虑、顾全大局，又鼓励因地制宜、探索创新 While stressing
unity in thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to
encourage localities to be innovative and act in line with their own
23.世界经济布局颇变革、大调整 major changes in the global economic
24.扩张股权与债券融资规模 increase financing by selling equities and
25.商家离休人口 enterprise retirees
26.整改和规范市场秩序 overhaul and better regulate the market
27.家电下乡产品 government subsidized
28.促进经济进入创新驱动、内生增长的进步则 put economic development
onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.
29.侵占经济科技制高点 capture the economic, scientific and technological
30物联网 the Internet of Things
31.自好粗茶淡饭减排攻坚战和持久战 strive to conserve energy and reduce
32.有助于中心公共服务均等化 ensure fair access to basic public services
33.强农惠农政策 policies to aid agriculture and benefit farmers
34.保障“米袋子”、“菜篮子”安全 secure food supply
35.推动农民就业创业 help rural residents find jobs or start their own
36.实行改善基因生物新品类培育科技第一专项 carry out a major project to
breed genetically modified varieties
37.出计划有步骤地化解好农民工在镇子的就业和生活问题 We will promote
employment for rural migrant workers in urban areas and address their
problems in a planned and step-by-step manner.
38.更解决6000万小村人口的安全饮用问题 provide safe drinking water to
another 60 million rural people
39.科教兴国战略暨人才强国战略 the strategies of reinvigorating China
through science and education and strengthening the nation through human
40.一味发生一流的教育，才能够培训一流人才，建设世界级国家 First-class education
is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and building a
41.咬牙拉人也按，大力推进素质教育 We will continue to give top priority
to ensuring the healthy growth of students and promote well-rounded
42.提高师德教育to improve the professional ethics of our teachers
促进以店堂也主体、市场吗导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系建设 develop a
system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading
role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises,
universities and research institutes are integrated
43.建设人力资源强国 make our country strong in human resources.
社会保障体系 social safety net
民族之凝聚力和向心力 the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation
结构性减税 selective tax cuts
增进科技支持 increase input for science and technology
增长社会保障水平 increase social security benefits
保障性住宅 low-income housing; government subsidized housing
廉租房 low-rent housing
经适房 affordable housing
限价房 price-capped housing
公租房 public rental housing
棚改房 housing in run-down areas that will undergo renovation
行弥补外需缺口 to effectively compensate for weak external demand
股指期货 stock index futures
融资融券 securities margin trading
超越境贸易人民币结算试点 the trials of settling cross-border trade
accounts in RMB
养老保险关系越省转移接续 portable pension account (PPA)
城市化布局及形态 patterns and forms of urbanization
浓眉大眼战略 human resources strategy
美貌教育 professional education
人才培养 talent fostering; staff development
红颜培育 personnel training
人才的小 Home for Talent
浓眉大眼选拔 personnel selection
美貌项目 personnel types
红颜竞争力 talent competitiveness
高级人才 high-end professionals/personnel; top talents
复合型人才 versatile professionals; personnel of multiple skills
角落人才 overseas talents
人才库 talent pool
美貌管理 personnel/human resources management
红颜投资 talent investment
人才政策 personnel policy
浓眉大眼发展 talent development
尊重人才 value talents/talented people
党管人才 human resources under the Party leadership
党政人才 Party and government officials
妙龄英才 young talents
赛素质教育人才 high-quality educators
塞外高层次人才 high-quality overseas professionals
公民健康卫生人才 national health professionals
大技能人才 the highly skilled; highly skilled workers
商厦经管理人才 enterprise management talents
标准技术人才 professional and technical talents
高素质军事人才 military talents
正规医药人才 professional medical personnel
缔造时科技人才 innovative skilled sci-tech workers
要紧缺专门人才 professionals in short supply
人才队伍建设 building of talent team
浓眉大眼工作管理体制 talent administration
美貌工作机制 talent management
主要人才工程 major projects for talent development
位类、多层次人才队伍 a skilled, diversified and multilevel
国家中长期人才发展规划纲要（2010-2020） National Program for Medium
and Long-term Talent Development (2010-2020)
海内外留学人才的寒 overseas Chinese students’ home
中国国际人才交流协会 China Association for International Exchange of
中华国际人才交流大会 Conference on International Exchange of
惨遭日人才培养奖学金项目 Japanese grant aid for human resource
development scholarship (JDS) program
全国人才队伍建设统筹大纲 National Program for Qualified Personnel
科教兴国战略跟红颜强国战略 The strategy of reinvigorating China
through science, education and human resources
载人航天 manned space mission
探月工程 lunar exploration program
结构性、输入性物价上涨 structural and imported inflation
要害产业调整振兴规划 the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating
当局投资引导带动社会投资 government spending guided and drove
科研成果实现了产业化 a large number of research results have been
applied in industrial production
工业“三废” industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues
主体功能区 development priority zones
县级中心财力保障机制 a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for
对外工程承包和劳动协作营业额 the total turnover of overseas
construction/project and labor contracts
新型农村社会养老保险 a new type of pension insurance for rural
老有所养、病有所医、住有居 Everyone has access to old-age care,
medical treatment and housing
行政问责 administrative accountability system
犯案征地拆迁 illegal land expropriations and housing demolitions
当局调控和市场机制的有机统一 closely integrate government control
with market forces
鼓舞经济内在活力 stimulate the (internal) vitality of the economy
增速形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新圈 to quickly realize
economic growth driven by consumption, investment and exports
raise the proportion of national income distributed to individuals and
increase the proportion of wages in the primary distribution of income
增长政策限制外之医保基金支出水平 increase payment percentage/level
in the medical insurance fund within authorized package
构建组织多头版、服务便捷、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系 develop a
financial system featuring diverse organizations, efficient service,
prudent supervision and risk-control
develop a sound, flexible mechanism for setting prices for resource
products capable of reflecting supply and demand in the market, resource
scarcity, and the cost of environmental damage
政府我改革建设 government reforms and self-improvement
自制度上改动权力过于集中而同时得不顶制的光景 make institutional
changes to end the excessive concentration of power and lack of checks
保障合适的财政赤字和国债规模 keep the deficit and government bonds
at appropriate levels
公务接待费 hospitality spending
消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响 overcome the adverse effects of
imported and structural inflation
扫除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响 overcome the adverse effects of
imported and structural inflation
“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制 the system of provincial
governors taking responsibility for the “rice bag” (grain supply)
program and city mayors taking responsibility for the“vegetable basket”
(non-grain food supply) program
农产品流通体系 farm products distribution
贯彻了“十二五”时期可以开局 got the 12th Five-Year Plan period
(2011-15) off to a good start
努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适当 conduct prudent and flexible
macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion
及时适当预调微调 carry out timely and appropriate anticipatory
adjustments and fine-tuning
增长条件维护主要工作的意见 the Guidelines on Strengthening Key
Environmental Protection Tasks
淘汰落后产能 close down outdated production facilities
基层医疗卫生机构 community-level medical and health care institutions
建社会援助和保全专业及物价上涨挂钩的联动机制 institute a mechanism
to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices
其三公道经费 spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and
应有尽有升级开放型经济水平 make comprehensive improvements to China’s
局“走出去”步伐加快 Chinese companies expanded overseas presence.
主权债务危机短期内难以缓解 It will be hard to ease the sovereign
debt crisis any time soon.
因而好要战略机遇期 make the most of this important period of
We will comprehensively advance socialist economic development,
political, cultural and social progress, and raise ecological awareness.
对行政事业性收费与政府性基金拓展清理 investigate the collection and
use of administrative fees and operations of government-managed funds
否市场主体提供更多的汇率避险工具 provide more tools for market
participants to hedge foreign exchange risks
到 adopt a holistic approach
立化解苗头性、倾向性问题 promptly resolve emerging issues that
signal unfavorable trends
挪动来同样漫漫生产发展、生活富足、生态好的大方进步道路 take a path of
civilized development which ensures that production increases, people’s
living standards rise, and we live in a good ecological environment
资源条件以及食指承载能力 the carrying capacity of China’s resources,
environment and population
努实践素质教育 energetically implement well-rounded education
择校 pay to enroll one’s children in better schools
倡议学术诚信 advocate academic integrity
深化人才体制改造 deepen reform of the personnel management system
Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their
政务诚信、商务诚信、社会诚信 government, business, and public
知是全人类的精神家园 Culture gives human beings a sense of
美好文化传承是一个族生生不息的血脉 Passing on fine culture is
essential in maintaining the everlasting vitality of a nation.
全力形成知荣辱、讲正气、守诚信、作贡献、促和谐之精良风尚 strive to
create a social atmosphere that promotes morality, integrity, dedication
推多种所有制经济同发展 promote the common development of
economic entities under diverse forms of ownership
业内收入分配秩序 ensure that income distribution is governed by
萌之知情权、参与权、表达权和监察权people’s rights to stay informed
about, participate in, express views on, and oversee government affairs,
and corrupt practices in law enforcement
社会事业 social services/programs
连增强政策的指向、灵活性与前瞻性 make our policies more targeted,
flexible, and forward-looking
实在推进教育公平 make solid progress in making education more
理顺能源价格体系 base the energy pricing system on market supply and
理顺政府和市面之关联 clearly define the roles/functions of the
government and the market
理顺政府跟公民及社会集团的干 the government should properly handle
its relationship with the public and social organizations
慢慢理顺煤电价格关联 make the price of electricity better reflect the
price of coal
理清、规范行政审批事项 review and standardize procedures of
拓展债务清理整治 clear up debt obligations
加强基本公共服务均等化水平 make delivery of basic public services
more equitable; to ensure equal access to public service
放宽落户条件 relax restrictions on granting permanent residency
达他们之积极作用 fully motivate them in doing sth.; keep them
motivated in doing sth.
搭与贯彻好支持港澳经济社会发展之比比皆是政策措施 implement coordinated
policies and measures for supporting the economic and social development
of Hong Kong and Macao
建社会援助和保全专业及物价上涨挂钩的联动机制 increase social aid
and security to offset price rises
resolve the problems of laws not being abided by or fully enforced,
lawbreakers not being prosecuted, abuses in law enforcement, dereliction
and neglect of duty, and corrupt practices in law enforcement
拓展劳动关系争议排查 settle labor disputes
全盘人才培养、任用、评价、激励机制 improve the mechanism for
training, employing, evaluating, and giving incentives to talented
达各地特色以及优势 fully tap the distinctive strengths of each
region; to optimize local distinctive strengths
囤居奇、操纵价格、恶意炒作 hoarding and profiteering, manipulating
prices, and speculation
优抚对象 entitled group; recipient of government relief
增长城乡低保补助水平 increase subsistence allowances for rural and
一次性在贴 one-off living allowances
基本药品安全性提高、价格下降 Basic drugs became safer and more
挂职 to work on secondment
选任 election-based appointment
委任 direct appointment
考任 examination-based appointment
聘任 contract-based appointment
双向进入、交叉任职 cross appointment
基层锻炼have community-level working experience; get tempered on a
登到建成小康社会的决定性阶段 We have entered the decisive stage
of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all
respects; We have entered the decisive stage of achieving a moderately
prosperous society in all respects.
密集力量，攻坚克难 pool our strength to overcome all difficulties
世情、国情、党情 global, national and Party conditions
愈来愈奋发有为，兢兢业业地干活 aim higher and work harder
作出全面安排 adopt a comprehensive/an overall action plan
作出整体安排 adopt steps for general implement-ation
提到大局的机要题材 issues of underlying/ overarch-ing/overriding
新形势下党的建设 Party building in a new environ-ment/under new
综合国力大幅提高 China’s overall strength has grown considerably.
生态文明建设扎实进展 Solid steps have been taken to promote
ecological progress/raise ecological awareness.
宏观调控体系 system of macro-regulation
衣食住行用口径显著改进 People’s need for daily necessities such as
clothing, food, housing and transport is better met.
乡野扶贫正式大幅度提高 Rural poverty line was raised by a big
政治体制改革 reform of the political structure; political structural
基层民主不断开拓进取 Community-level democr-acy has steadily developed.
知建设迈上新台阶 Development of the cultural sector has reached a
知识体制改造到推进 Comprehensive prog-ress has been made in the
reform of the cultural system.
平民精神文化在更丰富多彩 People have richer intellectual pursuit
and cultural entertainment.
骨干公共服务均等化程度显著提高 Access to basic public services has
become much more equitable.
免费义务教育全面实现 Free compulsory educ-ation is now available
across the country.
武装斗争准备不断加剧 Military preparedness is enhanced.
开创两岸关系和平发展新圈 usher in a new stage of peaceful growth
of cross-Straits relations
以国际事务中的代表性和话语权更增强 We have secured more
representation and a greater say for China in international affairs.
有利的国际环境 favorable international condi-tions/environment
提高党的干部队伍 strengthen the ranks of Party officials
提高遭遇未平衡、不谐和、不随地问题还突出 Unbalanced, uncoordinated
and unsustainable development remains a big/major/prominent problem.
资源条件约束加剧 Resources and environ-mental constraints have
become more serious.
干民众切身利益的题材 problems affecting people’s immediate
有些天地消极腐败现象易发作大多作 Some sectors are prone to corruption
and other misconduct/malpractices.
倒腐败斗争形势还严峻 The fight against corruption remains a
challenging task for us.
克服一名目繁多重要挑战 successfully met major challenges
国际局势风云变幻 We face a volatile intern-ational environment.
确切把握我国发展的阶段性特征 We have gained a good understanding of
the essential/salient features of China’s development in the current
应外部经济风险冲击 defuse/stand external economic risks
装有这些彰显了华夏特点社会主义之壮烈优越性和有力活力 All this
shows the superiority and vitality of socialism with Chinese
时代特征 the underlying trend of our times
牢固扭住经济建设这个核心，坚持聚精会神将建设，一心一意谋发展 We must
pursue economic development as the central task and concentrate on it
with every determination.
履科教兴国、人才强国战略 We must implement the strategies for
making China strong by developing science and education and training
We must fully implement the overall plan for promoting economic,
political, cultural, social, and ecological progress.
开发生产发展、生活富裕、生态优良的文武进步道路 expand the path of
sound development that leads to increased production, prosperity and a
管全面作为贯彻科学发展观的向措施 take a holistic/ integrated
approach as the fundamental way of applying the Scientific Outlook on
统筹 balance/coordinate relations between
坚持所有由骨子里出发 We should base our-selves on reality in
everything we do.
充分调动各面的积极 keep all parties fully motivated
变异一体国民各尽所能、各得其所设同时和谐相处之框框 to ensure that all
people do their best, find their proper places in society and live in
Freeing up the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping up with the times
and being realistic and pragmatic—these are the salient/essential
features of the Scientific Outlook on Development.
实施提高永无止境，认识真理永无止境，理论创新永无止境 There is no end
to practice, to seeking truth, or to making theoretical innovation.
握住时代前进求 respond to the call of the times
探究及把中国特色社会主义规律 to explore and master laws governing
socialism with Chinese characteristics
历经千辛万苦 endure untold hardships and sufferings
开创生动的新圈 create a dynamic new environ-ment in which…
创办全面改革开放的初圈 usher in a new phase/open a new horizon in
carrying out all-round reform and opening up
加紧生态文明建设 promote ecological pro-gress; speed up ecological
conservation; raise ecological awareness
我们既非活动封闭僵化的老路，也未动改旗易帜的歪路 We reject both the
old and rigid closed-door policy and any attempt to abandon socialism
and take an erroneous path.
逐步实现全国民共同富裕 achieve pro-sperity for all over time/in
它们坐全新的视野深化了针对党执政规律的认识 It offers from new
perspectives a deeper understanding of the laws of governance by the
回答了建设怎样的社会主义之固问题 It has addressed the
fundamental issue of what kind of socialism to build.
华夏特色社会主义是现代华夏进步提高的根本方向 Socialism with Chinese
characteristics is what we must pursue if we are to achieve development
and make progress in contemporary China.
俺们只要把住以下基本要求 We should have a firm grasp of the
following basic requirements…
咱得坚持不懈人民主体地位 We must ensure that the people maintain
their principal position in the country.
尽广地发动与集团人民管理国家事务 mobilize and organize as many
people as possible to manage state affairs
倘若一味把革新开放精神落实到治国理政的各个环节 We should always apply
the spirit of reform and innovation to all aspects of governance.
社会公平正义 social fairness and justice
establish in due course a system for ensuring fairness in society
featuring, among other things, equal rights, equal opportunities and
fair rules for all
公平正义是礼仪之邦风味社会主义之内在要求 Fairness and justice are an
inherent requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
社会和谐是中华风味社会主义的本质属性 Social harmony is an inherent
attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
保险老百姓一样参与、平等发展权 ensure people’s equal right to
participation in governance and to development
分配制度 system of income distribution
互联所有得团结之力 rally all the forces that can be rallied
管百姓安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家安定 We should ensure that
the people live and work in contentment, the society is stable and
orderly, and the country enjoys enduring peace and stability.
和平发展是中华特色社会主义之必然选择 Peaceful development is the
sure choice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
俺们设坚持开放的进化，合作之腾飞，共赢之升华 We should pursue
development through opening up and cooperation to benefit all.
1.立党为公，执政为民。 The Party was founded for public good and it
exercises state power/governance for the people.
2.总揽全局 exercise leadership with a holistic view
The principle problem in our society is the backward production cannot
meet the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people.
bear in mind under any circumstances the paramount reality that China
remains in the primary stage of socialism.
We must adhere to both the central task—economic development—and the two
basic points—the Four Cardinal Principles and the policy of reform and
opening up—in our great endeavor to build socialism with Chinese
We should remain true to our ideal, be firm in our conviction, never
vacillate in or relax our efforts or act recklessly, and we should forge
ahead/press forward with tenacity and resolve.
7.完美把握时机、沉着应对挑战，赢得主动、赢得优势 seize all
opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges and gain
initiative and advantages
8.司法公信力应不止加强 Public trust in the judiciary should be steadily
9.社会主义核心价值体系深入人心 Core socialist values takes roots among
10.民文明素质和社会文明程度显著提高 Both the level of civility and the
moral and ethical standards of the whole society should be significantly
11.中华文化走出来 take Chinese culture to the global stage
12.清除一切妨碍科学进步之思想观念和样式机制弊端 discard all notions and
remove all systemic barriers that hinder the pursuit of development in a
13.以又特别程度再次广阔范围发挥市场当资源配置中的基本功作用 leverage to a
greater extent and in a wider scope the basic role of the market in
14.加速促进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化 work harder to enhance
socialist democracy in a systemic way by adopting due standards and
15.落实国家各项工作法治化 ensure that all governance functions are
performed in accordance with law
16.基本建立现代知识市场体系 establish the basic framework of a modern
cultural market system
17.加快生态文明制度 move faster to set up a system for ecological
18.变异人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新布局 promote modernization featuring
harmonious development between man and nature
economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal,
and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we
have in China.
Taking scientific development as the underlying guideline (not theme)
and accelerating the change of the growth model (not pattern of economic
development) as a major task(not main thread) is a strategic choice we
have made for promoting China’s overall development.
20.将推动发展的立场转到提高质量和效应上 ensure that development is
based on improved quality and performance
21.激发各类市场主体发展生机勃勃 fire all types of market participants with
new vigor for development
22.塑造开放性经济提高初优势 create new favorable conditions for
developing the open economy
23.城乡区域发展和谐互动 coordinated and mutually reinforcing urban-rural
harmonized/in step development of industrialization, IT application,
urbanization and agricultural modernization
more state capital in major industries and key fields that comprise the
lifeline of the economy and are vital to national security
26.确保各种所有制经济同使用生产要素 ensure that economic entities
under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production
27.健全中央及地方资产与事权相配合的体裁 ensure that the central and
local governments have sufficient financial resources to exercise their
respective powers and responsibilities
28.财税系 the fiscal and taxation systems
29.提高宏观调控目标及方针手段机制化建设 strengthen institutional
procedures for setting macro-regulation targets and employing policy
30.周到推进基本公共服务均等化的公共财政体系 improve the public finance
system to ensure equal access to basic public services
31.形成好结构优化，社会公平的税收制度 improve the structure of the
taxation system to promote social equity
32.成立集体资源让收入合理共享机制 establish a mechanism for equitable
sharing of proceeds from public resources transfers
33.稳步推进利率与汇率市场化改革 take steady steps to make interest rates
and the RMB exchange rates market-based
34.逐渐落实人民币资产项目而换 promote the RMB’s convertibility under
capital accounts in due course
35.科技创新必须摆放在江山前进大局的核心位置。 We must give science and
technology top priority in overall national development.
36.增长原有创新、集成创新与引进消化吸收再创新能力 increase capacity for
making original innovation and integrated innovation and for making
further innovation on the basis of absorbing advances in overseas
science and technology
37.尽力构建以公司为主导，市场吗导向，产学研结合的技术创新体系 We should
establish a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play
the leading role, the market points the way, and enterprises,
universities and research institutes work together.
38.两全科技创新激励机制 improve mechanisms for rewarding scientific and
39.把全社会智慧和能力凝聚到创新提高上来 ensure that the wisdom and
strength of the whole society are directed to promoting
40.解决制约经济健康持续升华的机要结构性问题 resolve major structural
barriers to sustained and sound economic development
41.牢牢把握扩大内需这无异战略关键性 We should firmly maintain the strategic
focus of boosting domestic demand.
42.深化实体经济的需要导向 make the real economy more demand-driven
43.理布局建设基础设备与基础产业 make geographical/regional layout of the
development of infrastructure and basic industries more balanced.
44.前行现代信息技术产业体系，健全信息安全保障体系 develop IT industry
and better ensure information security
45.有序推进农业转移人口市民化 conduct registration of rural migrant
workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly way
46.针对性村民用多和少取放活的策略 We should give more to farmers and take
less from them and lift restrictions over their business activities.
47.培育新型经营重点 oster new types of business entities
48.集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化相结合的新星农业经营体系 a new type of
system for intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well
organized and commercialized
49.变化多端以技能、品牌、质量、服务呢着力之发话竞争新优势 make China’s
export more competitive in terms of technology, brand, quality and
50.增长利用外资综合优势及总体效果 We should make full use of our overall
advantageous position in utilizing foreign capital and make better use
of such investment.
51.统筹双边、多边开放合作 make overall planning for bilateral and
multilateral opening up and cooperation
52.圆满强化经济体制改革 deepen economic structural reform across the
53.提高又宽泛、更尽、更完善的平民民主 make people’s democracy more
extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice
54.不能不坚持不懈党的领导、人民当家作主，依法治国有机统一。 We must ensure the
unity of the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as
masters of the country and law based governance.
55.前行社会主义政治文明 promote socialist political progress/advance
56.保安国家法制统一、尊严、权威 uphold the unity, sanctity and authority
of the country’s legal system
57.包人民依法享有广泛权利与随机 ensure that the people enjoy extensive
rights and freedoms as prescribed by law
We should place high importance on system building, give full play to
the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political
achievements of other societies.
59.我们绝不照搬西方政治制度模式 We will never copy the Western political
60.增强针对政府都规格预算决算的审批及监督 tighten examination and
oversight of all government budgets and final accounts
61.优化常委会、专委会组成人员知识与年龄结构 improve the age mix and
expertise of the members of the standing committees and special
committees of people’s congresses
62.推动商事民主广泛、多重合、制度化发展 promote the extensive, multilevel,
and institutionalized development of consultative democracy
63.圆满为职工代表大会为主干形式的店铺事业单位民主管理制度 improve the
democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with
employees’ congress as its basic form
64.严酷规范公正文明执法 enforce laws in a strict, fair and civilized way
according to due procedures
We should ensure that leading officials are guided by law in both
thinking and action in their effort to deepen reform, promote
development, solve problems and maintain stability.
66.别样集体及私还不可起逾宪法与法之特权。 No organization or
individual has the privilege of overstepping the Constitution and laws.
67.绝不允许以言代法、以权制止法、徇私枉法。 No one in a position of power
is allowed in any way to take his own words as the law, place his own
authority above the law or abuse the law.
China’s dream; the Chinese dream
China’s spirit; the spirit of China; China’s character; China’s soul
keep power in the cage of systemic checks; Power should be placed under
Power should be covered with antiseptic and be kept in a straitjacket;
Power should be insulated from corruption.
Getting things done is more important than shouting/yelling; Don’t just
shout/yell. Roll up sleeves and get things done!
Only the wearer knows whether his shoes fit.
One should not stick his head in the past when his body is already in
the 21st century.
Governing a big country is as delicate as frying a small fish; A big
country should be governed with the same care of frying a small fish.
Empty talk is harmful to the nation, while doing practical work will
make it thrive.
maintain strategic focus/confidence/composure; keep to our strategic
In fighting corruption, we should go after both tigers and flies, that
is, both the high and low-ranking officials who have benefited from
One should face up to his responsibility.
The iron must be of good quality to be hammered / struck into a tool.
Worms can only grow in something that is already rotten.
If you fall behind, you will be bullied. Only by developing yourself can
build positive energy to promote reform
The Communist Party of China should be open/receptive/responsive to
Reform and opening up are not missions accomplished. Rather, they are a
Step onto the stone and you should leave your footprint on it; clutch a
piece of iron and you should leave your handprint on it. This means one
should take forceful steps and deliver tangible results.
In learning about China, one should avoid making the mistake of the
blind men who tried to learn about the elephant by feeling/touching it.
A leader/leading official should exercise his responsibility with utmost
care/caution as if he were walking / treading on thin ice or standing on
the edge of an abyss/cliff.
We must not slacken our efforts or be negligent of duty in the slightest
We should fully dedicate ourselves to our work/duty/mission.
We should abide by the Constitution and be loyal to the people.
We should follow people’s wishes in exercising governance.
We will take it as our sacred mission to realize people’s aspiration for
a better life.
When/Where the government takes on a misplaced role, we should return
the hand misplaced on the government to the market.
This means cutting one’s power, which is quite painful, like cutting
one’s own arm. But we should have the resolve to do so. / But we are
determined to make such sacrifice.
Bones may be broken, but they are still linked by sinews. The
compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are siblings of the same
family, and there is no knot between them that cannot be untied.
This will push through the society’s moral and psychological limit.
Only when one is upright himself can he ask others to be upright.
Holding government/public office and making money should be kept
separate. You cannot have it both ways.
To ensure that the people lead a good life, the government should
tighten belt/practice frugality/practice austerity/practice economy
In pursuing reform, we have entered uncharted/deep waters. But we must
wade through these waters no matter how deep they are.
Taking away some of their vested interests is more difficult than
changing their way of thinking.
We need to upgrade China’s economy.
We should put in place an action forcing mechanism to make both
businesses and the government live up to their responsibilities.
Follow the fundamental truth, work for public good/put people’s
interests first and bring benefits to all the people.
Faced with a new environment and new tasks, we must deepen the reform
comprehensively at this new historical starting point, and continuously
strengthen confidence in the path of, theory on and system of socialism
with Chinese characteristics so as to finish building a moderately
prosperous society in all respects, and eventually make China a modern
socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally
advanced and harmonious, and realize the Chinese dream of the nation’s
great renewal (revival/revitalization).
We should have full confidence, forge consensus, make holistic planning,
and pursue development in a coordinated way. We will keep to the
direction of reform towards the socialist market economy, take the
promotion of social fairness, justice and improvement of people’s lives
as the starting point and ultimate goal, further free the mind, continue
to release and grow the productive forces, release and strengthen vigor
of society, overcome various systemic defects and institutional
deficiencies, and strive to open up broader prospects for the cause of
building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
We will deepen reform of the cultural sector to building the socialist
core values and make China a country with influential culture. We will
accelerate improvement of the system for managing the cultural sector
and the mechanism for cultural production and operation, establish a
sound modern public cultural service system and a modern cultural market
system and improve them, and thus bring about great development and
enrichment of socialist culture.
We will deepen ecological environment management reform to build a
beautiful China. We will accelerate system building to promote a sound
ecology, improve institutions and mechanisms for developing the
country’s territory, conserving resources and protecting the ecological
environment and promoting modernization featuring harmonious development
between man and nature.
We will always put people first, respect the people’s principal position
in the country, give full rein to their creativity, promote reform with
full support of the people, and promote well-rounded development of the
person. We should strike a balance between reform, development and
stability, implement reform boldly yet steadily, both strengthen
top-level planning and advance through a process of trial and error,
promote both comprehensive advance and breakthroughs at key points,
improve decision-making, form broad-based consensus and synergy for
carrying out reform.
China has entered a new phase in its development endeavors and a period
of overcoming major difficulties and a deep-water zone in its reform
drive. We must, with a strong sense of historical mission, pool the
wisdom of the entire Party and the entire society to the broadest extent
possible, mobilize all positive factors, be ready to face tough choices,
ford dangerous rapids, shatter fetters of an outdated ideological
mindset with greater determination, overcome the barriers of entrenched
interests, and promote the self-improvement and development of the
system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
By 2020, decisive progress will have been achieved in the reform of
important areas and crucial links. The reform tasks put forward in this
Decision are to be completed within this period, and systems that are
structurally complete, procedure based and with effective operation will
be in place, to ensure that institutions in all areas become more mature
and well established.
The basic economic system with public ownership playing a leading role
and various ownership growing side by side is an important pillar of the
socialist system with Chinese characteristics and the foundation of the
socialist market economy. Both the public and non-public sectors are key
components of the socialist market economy and an important basis for
boosting China’s economic and social development. We must unswervingly
consolidate and develop the public economy, maintain the leading
position of public ownership, give full play to the leading role of the
state-owned sector, and continuously increase its vitality, leveraging
power and impact. At the same time, we must unwaveringly encourage,
support and guide the development of the non-public sector, and
stimulate its vigor and creativity.
An economy of mixed ownership with cross holding by and integration of
state-owned capital, collective capital and non-public capital is an
important form of China’s basic economic system. It enables state-owned
capital to expand function, maintain and increase its value and raise
its competitiveness, and it also enables capital of various ownership to
draw on one another’s strength, complement one another and develop
Rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land will be
allowed to be transferred, leased and converted into shares, provided/on
the precondition that it conforms to planning and its use is regulated.
This is to ensure that it can enter the market with the same rights and
at the same prices as state-owned land.
Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on
Major Issues Concerning the Enhancement of all-round Law-based
make coordinated efforts to exercise law-based governance, political
power and administration
based on China’s realities
draw on the fine legacy of the Chinese legal culture
improve the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics, at
the heart of which is the Constitution/ with the Constitution at its
The people are major participants in conducting law-based governance and
provide the source of strength for it.
expand the definition of a bribe from “property” alone to “property
or/and other things of benefits”
upholding the legal system with the following features: administration
of justice is based on facts and law, findings are consistent with
facts, substantive justice is served as shown in the outcome of cases
handled and due procedures are observed in handling cases
intensify efforts to maintain law and order
press ahead with efforts to promote the socialist rule of law in China
establish a system of socialist rule of law with distinctive Chinese
build a country, government and society under the rule of law
The socialist market economy is a law-based economy.
apply the theory of developing socialist rule of law with distinctive
heighten public awareness of the rule of law
encourage people to have faith in shared ideals and convictions, live by
socialist core values and abide by the socialist rule of law
Using political integrity as an important criterion, we will select to
positions of leadership those who observe the rule of law in both
thinking and action.
competent personnel for enforcing the rule of law
Legislative, judicial and law enforcement personnel
personnel working to enforce the socialist rule of law
Only law-based governance and the rule of law under the leadership of
the Party can ensure that the people fully exercise their power as
masters of the country and that steady progress will be made in
promoting the rule of law in the country and society.
We should handle people’s complaints filed and concerns expressed
through letters or in person in accordance with the law to ensure that
their reasonable and legitimate complaints and concerns are addressed
according to due legal procedures and provisions.
Certain laws and regulations do not fully reflect objective laws or the
will of the people, are not well targeted and are weak in terms of
The law is vital to the governance of a country, and good laws are a
prerequisite for good governance.
We should let the people see that justice is served in every case tried.
We must resolutely crack down on brokering justice and prevent the
tunneling of interests/transferring of vested interests.
We must do away with all hidden rules and make it absolutely
impermissible to grant leniency by bending the law or handle any case
under the influence of personal connections, personal favor or bribe.
We must show zero tolerance towards judicial corruption and root out
emerging problems and adverse trend
Pursuing vested interests and vying for power while shirking
responsibilities by government departments concerned are major problems
affecting law making.
There are still problems of some officials knowingly breaking the law,
overriding the law with their own arbitrary views, placing power above
the authority of law and abusing the law for personal gains.
The leadership of the CPC is established by/provided for in China’s
thoroughly redress acts of nonfeasance and misfeasance/address inaction
and abuse of power
strengthen efforts to develop the system of socialist consultative
establish a sound system of benchmarks for exercising discretionary
Judicial justice enhances social justice, while judicial injustice
hold the law in awe and reverence and never challenge or cross the red
line of the law
We should raise the credibility standards of the public, keep a good
record of citizens’ and organizations’ observance of law and
credibility, and refine mechanism that commend those who obey the law
and have credibility and punish those who break the law or lose
credibility. This will ensure that the people willingly respect and
abide by the law.