Luftwaffe Field Divisions
||Luftwaffe Field Divisions
by Phil Yates
In the desperate winter of 1941, the Heer, the German Army, was on the defensive after its failed advance on Moscow. Every available unit was thrown into the battle, including the Luftwaffe Fallschirmjäger (air force paratroops). One such unit was the Luftlandesturmregiment, Air-landing Assault Regiment, under Generalmajor Meindl. The regiment’s casualties were so severe that it was withdrawn early in 1942.
|However, Generalmajor Meindl and his staff remained behind and formed
Division Meindl from spare Luftwaffe ground crew. Under the veteran
Fallschirmjäger commander the division fought well in the defence of
|By the spring of 1942, the Army’s need for troops
to replace its casualties was so acute that they convinced Hitler to
transfer surplus troops from the Luftwaffe to the Heer.
Herman Göring, Commander In Chief of the Air Force, was furious. Not
only would his personal empire be diminished, but also the
Army, the very organisation responsible for the failures of the
year, would corrupt his loyal National Socialist airmen.
Instead he offered 22 Luftwaffen Felddivisionen, 22 Air Force Field Divisions, that would remain under air force control, although under army command. The success of Meindl’s division swung the balance, and Göring got his way.
The first ten of these divisions were organized in September of 1942, and, still in their air force-blue uniforms, dispatched to the Eastern Front.
Unfortunately, despite their brand new equipment (the envy of army units
still fighting with old, worn out gear from previous battles), they
very little infantry training and little heavy support. Unlike
division, their officers were airmen with no knowledge of ground
at all. As a result, the first Luftwaffe field divisions did not
perform well when they entered combat. The remaining divisions formed
early 1943 were little better.
|At least one half-formed division was overrun by
the spearhead of a
Soviet attack while marching to the front, still having conducted no
training at all! In November 1943, all remaining Luftwaffe field
divisions were converted to regular infantry divisions under full
| Luftwaffe field divisions were approximately half the size of
their Heer counterparts.
A normal Infanteriedivision had three regiments
each of three infantry battalions and an artillery regiment. A
Felddivision had only four Jäger (light infantry) battalions and a
single battalion of artillery (often only equipped with out-dated
mountain guns or heavy mortars). On top of this, whereas the
Infanteriedivision had an anti-tank battalion, a reconnaissance
battalion, and a pioneer battalion, the Felddivision often had only
company of each.
|The best-equipped divisions had full battalions,
but even then, the anti-tank battalion only had 15 anti-tank guns in
three companies, one of nine 5cm PaK38, and two each of three 7.5cm
and no other anti-tank guns in the entire division! There were two
positive features though. Firstly, each division had a full Luftwaffe
anti-aircraft battalion with four powerful 8.8cm FlaK18 anti-aircraft
guns. Secondly, the divisions were entirely equipped with trucks as
transports and supply vehicles. They had no horses at all.
A good source for individual divisional histories is Göring’s
Grenadiers, The Luftwaffe Field divisions, 1942-1945 by Antonio Muñoz
published 2002 by Axis Europa (ISBN 1-891227-40-8).
|1. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalleutnant Gustav Wilke)
1. Luftwaffe Felddivision relieved the Spanish 250. Infanterie Division, the famous Blue Division, in November 1942, taking up positions north of Lake Ilmen between Moscow and Leningrad.
This was supposed to be an easy sector, and remained quiet until January 1944 when the Red Army launched a massive attack through the division’s sector, wiping the division out in a matter of days.
The division’s artillery was initially only one battalion of 7.5cm GebK15 mountain guns. It was strengthened by two more battalions in 1943, although the battalions may have only had two batteries of four guns each!
||2. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Oberst Hellmuth Pätzold)
2. Luftwaffe Felddivision was formed at the same time as 1. Luftwaffe Felddivision and was similarly equipped. Additionally it had a company of six StuG D assault guns. The division occupied a sector of the Rzhev salient in November 1942. Unusually, its positions were facing west!
On 25 November the southern part of the division was overrun by a massive Red Army attack, although the northern flank held on until 9 December. The division was rescued by 19. Panzerdivision and Grossdeutschland and reoccupied its positions.
The division was attacked again in October 1943 in its new positions near Nevel, abandoning most of its heavy equipment and retreating rather hastily (as the German Army delighted in pointing out to the Luftwaffe). The division continued to fight on until disbanded in January 1944.
|3. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalleutnant Robert Pistorius)
Formed at the same time as 1. & 2. Luftwaffen Felddivision, this division occupied positions south of Nevel (north of Vitebsk just west of the Rzhev salient). It had a fairly quiet time until Christmas Eve, 1943 when it was attacked by the 5th Tank Corps. The division was quickly cut off and overrun, being disbanded in January 1944.
|4. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Oberst Hans-Georg Schreder)
4. Luftwaffe Felddivision took up position south of 3. Luftwaffe Felddivision near Nevel. Initially it had one battalion of two batteries of 10.5cm NW40 heavy mortars for its artillery. It gained four more batteries in two more battalions during the summer of 1943. The division was heavily engaged in the battle around Vitebsk, and later absorbed the remnants of the 3. Luftwaffe Felddivision after its disbandment. 4. Luftwaffe Felddivision fought on until it was destroyed in the Vitebsk pocket in June 1944.
5. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Oberst Hans-Bruno
While the first four divisions fought in the north around Moscow, 5.
Luftwaffe Felddivision was sent south to Army Group B in the
|It was posted to defend Krasnodar, near the Black Sea, with the Rumanian
Cavalry Corps. On 11 January 1943 the Red Army launched Operation
Mountain to push Army Group B from the Caucasus. The attack split 5.
Luftwaffe Felddivision in two. Half remained with the Cavalry Corps,
while the other half fought with 4. Gebirgsjägerdivision further north.
The fighting continued until May, by which time the division was
reunited in the Kuban bridgehead, the only remaining German toehold in
the Caucasus. In late May, the division withdrew to Crimea to reorganise
before moving to the front lines at Melitopol, just north of the
Crimean Peninsula, in September where it absorbed 15. Luftwaffe
Felddivision as replacements for previous losses. On 9 October 1943, the
Red Army launched another major offensive that cut off the Crimean
Peninsula. The division was retreated westward and fought on until
disbanded in May 1944.
||6. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalleutnant Rudolf Peschel)
After defending Velikiye Luki, north of the Rzhev salient, in heavy fighting in November and December 1942, 6. Luftwaffe Felddivision took up position between of 2. & 3. Luftwaffen Felddivisionen near Nevel in July 1943. There it received additional artillery batteries to form weak second and third artillery battalions.
|It remained there until the attacks of January 1944.
It fought off heavy attacks with the help of the Hornisse tank-hunters
of 519. Panzerjägerabteilung, winning the Knights Cross for the
divisional commander and Obergefreiter Heinz Reichmann. It then absorbed
the remnants of 2. Luftwaffe Felddivision to replace its losses. The
division was destroyed in the Vitebsk pocket in June 1944.
|7. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalmajor Wolf Freiherr Von Biedermann)
7. Luftwaffe Felddivision was hastily rushed to the front to hold the line on the Chir River after the encirclement of Stalingrad. It was involved in continuous fighting until March, 1943 when it was disbanded and the survivors used to strengthen 15. Luftwaffe Felddivision. Oberleutnant Emil Eitel won the Knights Cross during this period.
The division’s artillery was a single battalion of 7.5cm GebK15 mountain guns. They were supported by a company of five StuG D assault guns.
8. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalleutnant Wilibald Spang)
Although 8. Luftwaffe Felddivision was supposed to be organised the same as 7. Luftwaffe Felddivision, it was slightly different due to the way it was formed. Kampfgruppe Statel (formed from rear-area Luftwaffe troops retreating from Stalingrad under Oberst Rainer Statel) was already in combat on the Chir River when the rest of the division, newly arrived from Germany, was assigned to a different sector.
|While moving up to their assigned positions, the
anti-tank battalion and leading battalions ran headlong into the Soviet
spearhead and were annihilated. The survivors of the division fought on
throughout the winter. In April 1943 what was left of the division was
used to strengthen 15. Luftwaffe Felddivision.
||9. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalmajor Ernst Michael)
The next series of Luftwaffe divisions had a little longer to organise and actually had two regiments of three infantry battalions. In the case of 9. Luftwaffe Felddivision they were 17. & 18. Luftwaffen Jägerregimenter (light infantry regiments). Although the division had no assault guns, it did have two weak battalions of artillery, and in theory, full battalions of anti-tank, pioneers, and infantry reconnaissance.
|It joined the divisions guarding the Soviet troops trapped in the
Orienbaum pocket on the coast just west of Leningrad in December 1942.
It initially occupied an 11-mile front, but this was later increased to
23 miles. Far too long a stretch for such a weak division. One battalion
briefly fought with 227. Infanteriedivision around Lake Ladoga, before
returning to guard the pocket in March 1943.
The sector was quiet
until 14 January 1944, when a massive Soviet attack by the 2nd Shock
Army burst through the division. The attack by five infantry divisions
and a tank brigade destroyed the Luftwaffe division in just four days.
|10. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalmajor Walter Wadhehn)
Like 9. Luftwaffe Felddivision, 10. Luftwaffe Felddivision spent most of its life guarding the Orienbaum pocket. In January 1943 a Kampfgruppe or battlegroup from the division fought near Lake Ladoga, supported by four Tiger tanks from 502. schwere Panzerabteilung and Marder tank-hunters of 563 Panzerjägerabteilung.
|The same attack that destroyed 9. Luftwaffe
Felddivision rolled over the division, although Kampfgruppe Helling
fought on until the division was officially disbanded in February 1944.
The commander of 19. Luftwaffe Jägerregiment, Oberst Matussek, won the
German Cross in Gold for his valiant defence.
Unlike the 9. Luftwaffe Felddivision, the
division had three battalions of artillery. One with twelve 10.5cm NW40
heavy mortars, and two battalions of twelve 7.5cm GebK15 mountain guns.
||11. Luftwaffe Felddivision
This division was formed in Greece for guard duties and did not see combat until late 1944 as it retreated through the Balkans.
12. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalleutnant Herbert Kettner)
One of the two really good Luftwaffe field divisions, 12. Luftwaffe Felddivision was part of Army Group North from February 1943 until the end of the war. It had 23. & 24. Luftwaffen Jägerregimenter, each of three battalions, and two battalions of artillery, each with twelve old 1897-model French 75mm guns. Its anti-tank battalion had twelve new 7.5cm PaK40 anti-tank guns, twelve 2cm FlaK38 anti-aircraft guns, and ten StuG assault guns with long 7.5cm guns.
|In February 1943 they entered combat near Lake Ladoga north of 1.
Luftwaffe Felddivision. They stopped a Soviet attack in their area
winning two German Crosses in Gold in the process. They fought hard and
well in the January 1944 fighting and in the subsequent retreats. They
were finally cut off in the Courland pocket and ended the war fighting
in East Prussia.
|13. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalmajor Hans Korte)
13. Luftwaffe Felddivision entered the line south of 12. Luftwaffe
Felddivision in February 1943. It took part in the July 1943 battles,
but was destroyed in the retreat in January 1944.
14. Luftwaffe Felddivision
This division spent the war performing garrison duties in Norway.
Right: Elements of the 16. Luftwaffe Felddivision fought with the 21. Panzer Division.
|15. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalmajor
This division was scratched together from local air force units around
Rostov in November 1942. It absorbed the survivors of 7. & 8.
Luftwaffen Felddivisionen in April 1943 and received its artillery
regiment from France in May. Its first battles were in July 1943 near
Taganarog on the Sea of Azov just west of Rostov. The division was
surrounded, but broke out leaving most of its heavy weapons behind.
Hauptmann Eitel won a posthumous Knights Cross leading 30. Luftwaffe
Jägerregiment through enemy lines.
In October the remnants were at Melitopol on the Dnepr River when they
were overrun again. The survivors were absorbed into 5. Luftwaffe
Felddivision south of Zaphorye.
||16. Luftwaffe Felddivision
Fought in France, 1944 and destroyed at Caen soon after D-Day.
17. Luftwaffe Felddivision
Destroyed defending the Seine crossings in France, 1944, during the breakout from Normandy.
18. Luftwaffe Felddivision
Destroyed in the Mons pocket in France, September 1944.
|21. Luftwaffe Felddivision (Generalmajor Richard Schimpf)
21. Luftwaffe Felddivision was formed from Division Meindl, which had five regiments each of four infantry battalions, but little else. Division Meindl was formed as an overall command for the numerous air force security battalions and hastily formed defence battalions that suddenly found themselves in the front lines during the Soviet 1941 winter offensive. When it was formed in February 1942, the regiments were all attached to infantry divisions between Leningrad and Moscow.
1. Luftwaffe Feldregiment was with 218. Infanteriedivision in and around the Cholm pocket.
2. Luftwaffe Feldregiment was with 5. Jägerdivision near Staraya Russia.
3. Luftwaffe Feldregiment was with 12. Infanteriedivision in and around the Demyansk pocket.
4. Luftwaffe Feldregiment was with 18. Infanteriedivision (mot) around Lake Ilmen.
5. Luftwaffe Feldregiment was with 290. Infanteriedivision in and around the Demyansk pocket.
Between then and December 1942, when 21. Luftwaffe Felddivision was formed, the division was reunited and held the southern flank of the newly opened corridor to Demyansk and Cholm. The newly formed division only had four regiments, the fifth having been disbanded. It gained an artillery regiment with French guns in the summer of 1943, along with an assault gun battery of four long-barrelled StuG III assault guns (increased by a further six StuG IV in 1944) and ten 7.5cm PaK40 guns. Each regiment was also reported as having as many as ten 7.62cm PaK36(r) anti-tank guns. At this point it was easily the strongest Luftwaffe field division in existence.
The division was involved in heavy fighting from March 1944 until it surrendered in the Courland pocket at the end of the war.
22. Luftwaffe Felddivision
Disbanded before fully formed.
|The Luftwaffe Felddivision in Flames Of War
Eastern Front allows you to field a Luftwaffe Feldkompanie (page 70). The major difference from a normal Grenadierkompanie is that the Feldkompanie is only rated as Trained rather than Veteran. Other differences are that the Feldkompanie has less support with fewer infantry guns, anti-tank guns, and artillery pieces available, but more anti-aircraft guns.
Read more how to field the 16. Luftwaffe Felddivision in Normandy here...
||Modelling Luftwaffe Troops
The most obvious difference between Heer and Luftwaffe troops is the
colour of the uniform. Rather than the army’s field grey (Grenadier Green (FWP349)), the air force
uniform is dark blue (use Luftwaffe Blue (FWP401)). Of course, this stands out rather well on the
battlefield, so many soldiers wore their camouflaged Zeltbahn
tent-halves as ponchos and wore camouflaged helmet covers. More
fortunate units were issued with long camouflage jackets.
Check the the range of Hermann Göring Divison figure here...
Last Updated On Wednesday, July 8, 2015 by George at Battlefront