A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cultures, including most Western cultures; some noteworthy examples of porticos are the East Portico of the United States Capitol, the portico adorning the Pantheon in Rome and the portico of University College London. Porticos are sometimes topped with pediments. Palladio was a pioneer of using temple-fronts for secular buildings. In the UK, the temple-front applied to The Vyne, was the first portico applied to an English country house. A pronaos is the inner area of the portico of a Greek or Roman temple, situated between the portico's colonnade or walls and the entrance to the cella, or shrine. Roman temples had an open pronaos with only columns and no walls, the pronaos could be as long as the cella; the word pronaos is Greek for "before a temple". In Latin, a pronaos is referred to as an anticum or prodomus.
The different variants of porticos are named by the number of columns. The "style" suffix comes from the Greek στῦλος, "column"; the tetrastyle has four columns. The Romans favoured the four columned portico for their pseudoperipteral temples like the Temple of Portunus, for amphiprostyle temples such as the Temple of Venus and Roma, for the prostyle entrance porticos of large public buildings like the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine. Roman provincial capitals manifested tetrastyle construction, such as the Capitoline Temple in Volubilis; the North Portico of the White House is the most notable four-columned portico in the United States. Hexastyle buildings had six columns and were the standard façade in canonical Greek Doric architecture between the archaic period 600–550 BCE up to the Age of Pericles 450–430 BCE; some well-known examples of classical Doric hexastyle Greek temples: The group at Paestum comprising the Temple of Hera, the Temple of Apollo, the first Temple of Athena and the second Temple of Hera The Temple of Athena Aphaia at Aegina c. 495 BCE Temple E at Selinus dedicated to Hera The Temple of Zeus at Olympia, now a ruin Temple F or the so-called "Temple of Concord" at Agrigentum, one of the best-preserved classical Greek temples, retaining all of its peristyle and entablature.
The "unfinished temple" at Segesta The Hephaesteum below the Acropolis at Athens, long known as the "Theseum" one of the most intact Greek temples surviving from antiquity The Temple of Poseidon on Cape Sunium Hexastyle was applied to Ionic temples, such as the prostyle porch of the sanctuary of Athena on the Erechtheum, at the Acropolis of Athens. With the colonization by the Greeks of Southern Italy, hexastyle was adopted by the Etruscans and subsequently acquired by the ancient Romans. Roman taste favoured narrow pseudoperipteral and amphiprostyle buildings with tall columns, raised on podiums for the added pomp and grandeur conferred by considerable height; the Maison Carrée at Nîmes, France, is the best-preserved Roman hexastyle temple surviving from antiquity. Octastyle buildings had eight columns; the best-known octastyle buildings surviving from antiquity are the Parthenon in Athens, built during the Age of Pericles, the Pantheon in Rome. The destroyed Temple of Divus Augustus in Rome, the centre of the Augustan cult, is shown on Roman coins of the 2nd century CE as having been built in octastyle.
The decastyle has ten columns. The only known Roman decastyle portico is on the Temple of Venus and Roma, built by Hadrian in about 130 CE. Classical architecture List of classical architecture terms Hypostyle Loggia Stoa Porte-cochere "Greek architecture". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1968. Stierlin, Henri. Angelika Taschen. Greece: From Mycenae to the Parthenon. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-1225-0. Stierlin, Henri. Silvia Kinkle; the Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-1778-3
The 1966 Atlantic hurricane season featured the tropical cyclone with the longest track in the Atlantic basin – Hurricane Faith. During the year, the Miami, Florida Weather Office was re-designated the National Hurricane Center; the season began on June 1, lasted until November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin, it was a near average season in terms of tropical storms, with a total of 11 named storms. The first system, Hurricane Alma, developed over eastern Nicaragua on June 4. Alma brought severe flooding to Honduras and to Cuba, after crossing the western Caribbean Sea; the storm brought minor impact to the Southeastern United States. Alma caused about $210.1 million in damage. Hurricanes Becky and Dorothy, Tropical Storm Ella all resulted in minimal or no impact on land; the next system, Hurricane Faith, developed near Cape Verde on August 21. It tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean until north of Hispaniola.
After paralleling the East Coast of the United States, Faith moved northeastward across the open Atlantic and became extratropical near Scotland on September 6. Overall, Faith traveled about 6,850 mi across the Atlantic. Although it never made landfall, the storm generated rough seas; the two next tropical storms – Greta and Hallie – caused negligible impact. The strongest tropical cyclone of the season was Hurricane Inez, a powerful Category 4 hurricane that devastated a large majority of the Caribbean, the Florida Keys, parts of Mexico. Throughout its path, the storm caused about $226.5 million in more than 1,000 deaths. Tropical Storm Judith left only minor impacts in the Windward Islands; the final system, Hurricane Lois, developed east of Bermuda on November 4. In its duration, Lois passed west of the Azores, bringing gale-force winds to Corvo Island; the storm became extratropical northeast of the islands on November 11. A possible tropical cyclone in June and July and another in July brought minor damage to Florida and Louisiana, respectively.
Overall, the storms of this season collectively caused at least 1,096 fatalities and about $436.6 million in damage. The Atlantic hurricane season began on June 1. During the year, the Miami, Florida Weather Office was re-designated the National Hurricane Center, it was a near average season in which eleven tropical storms formed, compared with the 1966–2009 average of 11.3 named storms. Seven of these reached hurricane status above of the 1966–2009 average of 6.2. Furthermore, three storms reached major hurricane status, with the 1950-2000 mean being 2.3. Three hurricanes and one tropical storm made landfall during the season, causing at least 1,096 deaths and $436.6 million in damage. Hurricane Faith caused fatalities, despite remaining well offshore; the season ended on November 30. The first storm, Hurricane Alma, developed over eastern Nicaragua on June 4. Alma struck Cuba; the storm made another landfall in Florida as a hurricane on June 9. This marked the earliest United States hurricane landfall since a hurricane in May and June of 1825.
Alma continued northeastward across the Southeastern United States until becoming extratropical offshore Virginia on June 13. That month, another tropical depression developed; the month of July was active, with four named storms – Becky, Celia and Ella. Additionally, a tropical depression developed in the Gulf of Mexico. However, tropical cyclogenesis halted for more than three weeks, until Hurricane Faith developed on August 21. On average, three or four named. Four tropical cyclones developed in September, including tropical storms Greta and Judith, as well as Hurricane Inez. Peaking as a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale with winds of 150 mph, Inez was the strongest tropical cyclone of the season. Although Inez persisted into October, no other system developed that month. Two named storms form in October; the final tropical cyclone, Hurricane Lois, existed from November 4 to November 11. The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy rating of 145.
ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph, tropical storm strength. In early June, a dissipating trough extended southward into the western Caribbean Sea. A surface circulation formed, thus, a tropical depression developed over eastern Nicaragua on June 4. While moving through Honduras, it dropped heavy rainfall that killed at least 73 people in the city of San Rafael. Offshore northern Honduras, the system produced heavy rainfall in Swan Island; the depression moved northeastward and intensified into Tropical Storm Alma on June 6, a hurricane six hours later. Alma crossed western Cuba, causing heavy crop water shortages. Over 1,000 houses were destroyed, damage was estimated around $200 million; the storm killed 12 people in the country. After crossing Cuba, Alma intensified further to reach winds of 125 mph in the Gulf of Mexico.
The hurricane passed west of Key West, causing a power outage and flooding. Alma dropped heavy rainfall and produced winds across most of Florida, which damaged crops and caused scattered power outages; the hurricane weakened before moving ashore near Apalachee Bay on June 9. This was the earliest date of landfall in the United States since 1825. Damage in Florida was estimated
"Hayate no Gotoku!" is Kotoko's eighth maxi single produced by I've Sound and released on May 23, 2007, under Geneon Entertainment. The title track was used as the first opening theme for the anime series Hayate no Gotoku, episodes 1-26; the single peaked at #7 in the Oricon charts selling 19,921 units in its first week of release. ハヤテのごとく！ / Hayate no Gotoku! -- 4:26 Composition: Kazuya Takase Arrangement: Kazuya Takase Lyrics: Kotoko 泣きたかったんだ / Nakitakattanda -- 6:50 Composition: Kotoko Arrangement: C. G mix Lyrics: Kotoko ハヤテのごとく！ / Hayate no Gotoku! -- 4:26 泣きたかったんだ / Nakitakattanda -- 6:48