Aortic stenosis, also known as aortic valve stenosis, occurs when the aortic valve becomes narrowed, compromising blood flow to and from the heart. When the aortic valve narrows, it cannot properly open and close. Consequently, the aortic valve must work harder to pump the required amount of blood. This extra demand can cause damage to the heart muscle and impair functionality.
When aortic stenosis becomes severe, it can also become life threatening. Approximately 50 percent of patients with severe cases of aortic stenosis are at a high risk of death from this condition, especially if it is left untreated.
What are the causes of aortic stenosis?
Aortic stenosis is most commonly caused by excessive wear on the aortic valve. Generally, this is caused by normal wear and tear as we age. However, some patients may be predisposed to this condition if they happen to be born with a torn bicuspid valve. The accumulation of calcium deposits in the aortic valve can also impede blood flow by hardening the valve. While calcium is naturally present in our blood, calcium deposits can accrue over the years and severely limit the blood’s movement between the heart and the rest of the body.
Having rheumatic fever either during childhood or as an adult also increases risk for aortic stenosis. It is an inflammatory disease that commonly leaves scar tissue on the aortic valves. This often forces the aortic valve to become very narrow. It may take many years for aortic stenosis to manifest in patients who have had rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is uncommon in the United States and other developed countries, but it is sometimes seen in immigrants from underdeveloped countries.
Common symptoms of aortic stenosis include:
- Chest pain or pressure in the chest
- Shortness of breath when engaging in physical activity
- Heart palpitations
- Heart murmur
Symptoms of aortic stenosis can range from mild to severe, and often do not develop until the aortic valve is severely narrowed. At this late stage, patients need treatment immediately, or heart failure can occur.
If you have further questions about aortic stenosis, or would like more information on related issues, please contact our office or call us toll-free at (855) 543-2783 (855-5-HEARTDOCS).