A solar photovoltaic (SPV) water pumping system consists of a PV array, a DC/AC surface mounted/ submersible/ floating motor pump set, electronics, if any, interconnect cables and an “On-Off” switch. PV Array is mounted on a suitable structure with a provision of tracking. Electronics could include Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), Inverter and Controls/Protections. Storage batteries will not constitute a part of the SPV Water Pumping System.
Components and parts used in the SPV water pumping system including the PV modules, pumps, metallic structures, cables, junction box, switch, etc. should conform to the BIS/ IEC/ international specifications, wherever such specifications are available and applicable.
The Solar PV Water Pumping System should provide a minimum of 85 liters of water per watt peak of PV array used per day under average daily solar radiation conditions of 5.5 KWh/sq.m. on a horizontal surface, from a total head of 10 metres (Suction head up to a maximum of 7 metres).
For Deep Well Pumps, the water discharge should be a minimum of 28 liters of water per watt peak of PV array capacity used per day from a total head of 30 metres. In case of High Head, Deep Well Pumps, the water discharge should be a minimum of 17 liters of water per watt peak of PV array capacity used per day from a total head of 50 metres.
Use of a tracking system to enhance the availability of solar radiation to lift desired quantity of water is desirable. It should be specified whether the minimum water output is achieved directly or through tracking of PV Array. The actual duration of pumping of water on a particular day and the quantity of water pumped could vary depending on the location, season, etc.
Advantages of solar pump sets:
1. No fuel cost-uses abundantly available free sun light
2. No conventional grid electricity required
3. Long operating life
4. Highly reliable and durable- free performance
5. Easy to operate and maintain
7. Saving of conventional diesel fuel