In particular, the abrupt change in the air flow, evaluated from geostrophic wind
fields (Soomere and Raamet, 2014), signals a major change in the air pressure and upper-level wind system over the southern Baltic Sea in 1988.
The wave model was forced with wind data corresponding to an elevation of 10 m above the sea surface, constructed from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) geostrophic wind
This is a consequence offriction entering into the geostrophic wind
equation; since Coriolis is velocity dependent it reduces its effect in the balance between Coriolis and pressure gradient, which acts toward the right, so instead of blowing south to north, it becomes increasingly southwest to northeast and so on.
Figure 6 shows the 500/1000 thickness advection by geostrophic wind
of 1000 hpa level in the selected case studies to represent.
The most popular way consists in the use of geostrophic wind
fields that are adjusted to the 10 m level by means of a simplified procedure in which the geostrophic wind
speed (usually retrieved from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute database) was multiplied by 0.
g = [delta]], where the velocity is equal to the geostrophic wind
Assuming flat and homogeneous terrain, and constant geostrophic wind
, the diurnal wind variability is reduced along the vertical direction.
With regard to vertical shear, the vertical derivative of the geostrophic wind
is directly related to the horizontal temperature gradient, which is why it is called the thermal wind shear.
The wind forcing at a 10 m level was derived from geostrophic winds
as recommended by Bumke and Hasse (1989): the geostrophic wind
speed was multiplied by 0.
2009) which thus can be considered as the best compromise between robustness and low spatial resolution of the geostrophic wind
data, and the potential distortions of the local wind field in higher-resolution local atmospheric models (Ansper & Fortelius 2003; Keevallik et al.
The direction of the geostrophic wind
relative to the slope was incremented by 45[degrees] in each successive run.
20CR, on the other hand, seems to underestimate the wind speeds at 800 hPa: a rough calculation of the geostrophic wind
speed in the region of the two stations with the strongest winds in Fig.