Age of Revolutions
Neoclassical painters memorized the Marat pale body as a symbol of the revolutionary spirit. In America and France, the kings were overthrown, but it did not end injustice. The middle-class society took a different shape, and a new sensibility arose known as romanticism. It was about individuals’ feelings over intellect and reason. Romantic reaction and Revolutionary change outlined the principles and demon’s discovery of the modern first society between the years 1775 to 1850. In the history of western civilization, the turning point for America was 1776b, where France was in 1789. That’s when impacted them.
Leading political ideas, including democracy, equality, and republicanism, were tested first in revolutionary upheavals. The revolution conflict resulted in today’s political institutions, presidencies, congresses, and constitutions. These did not stop the politicians and scholars from debating whether the revolutions were of benefits and whether other countries could apply them. Western civilization’s colonial fringes are where the revolution wave started (Bishop & Manos, 2013 page 329).
American revolutionaries intended to establish independent farmers and merchants, proposing a common goal. American independence applied to doctrines of a social contract, individual freedom, and popular sovereignty. People were given the right or power by the declaration to form another government if any government broke their liberty and independence. Revolution success for Americans was followed by a big struggle over their republican government’s proper organization.
The United States constitution brought the solution for the Americans as it elected executive and assured individuals right. It is later mad a new establishment of a new form of balanced individual rights as well as the state’s authority. The governance system was not to overcome human nature defects but was a reflection of human nature to help control government abuse. The new constitution allowed slavery continuation despite equality to all men declarations. Slaves were imported to work in American plantations from Africa until a war , which was part of the revolution.
The romantic period experienced a significant change in Western composers’ and musicians’ standings where music’s primary audience was the urban middle class. They attended music concerts and auditions in halls. Composers acted as an artist and the middle class as an audience. The growth of romantic music reflected the concern for romantic feelings. Romanticism was created by a post-revolutionary age that arose between 1775 and 1850 despite industrialization. Romanticism appeared first in Germany and England then spread to France and North America at the same time when the industrial revolution was taking place. It revolved around feelings and imaginations. One of the writers described romanticism as a power of a volcano mountain. Different authors wrote about romance in different ways, giving examples demonstrating the effects of lack of romanticism in somebody’s life. Beethoven’s feelings of suicide were a result of depression due to the abuse from his alcoholic father, though he overcomes it. Lack of romanticism has adverse side effects on a human being (Bishop & Manos, 2013).
rise of industrial production transformed Great Britain by 1820. The textile factory used water, and steam-driven machinery lowered the manufacturing cost as it increased the pace. Laborers moved to towns and cities to work in the industries, and factory owners opened other investments due to large profit margins. The construction of railways brought a significant change in terms of time and space. By the 1840s, Europe and the united states continents were full of industries. Trains shortened the time taken to move from one continent end to the other. A good example is Leeds in England and Manchester or New York City, and Lowell in the united states had two different new classes. One for the commercial bourgeoisie and the other one for factory laborers. Business owners, on the other hand, developed their own culture. They hard their institutions, music and theater series, learning advancements society establishments, and magazines reading.
On the other hand, the middle class provided new art support on top of traditional state-sponsored. Politically, the commercial middle class finds freedom from commerce, traditional restraints, and wages. Laborers wages and Small farms Longstanding protection was abolished, and salaries were effectively depressed, and low paid workers supply in the mines and factories. The new industrial cities were miserable for the workers who stoked the furnaces and operated machines. The atmosphere of Manchester was highly polluted with dust and smoke from the cotton factory. Some diseases like tuberculosis started affecting people due to pollution, according to Thomas Carlyle. Industrial society, at a high spiritual cost they achieved material progress. Civilization acted as a miracle, but it turned men into a savage (Bishop & Manos, 2013 pg 327)
Bishop, P. E., & Manos, M. J. (2013). Adventures in the spirit. Pearson.