I don't think you've said the correct distinguishing factors between derivational and inflectional affixes.
The primary factor I think is that derivational affixes often change the part of speech of a lexical item, and inflectional affixes don't. What this means is that the concept of the lexical item changes substantially. There is a huge difference between the concept of running, a physical action, and the concept of a runner, a person who regularly runs because of it being their habit or job. These conceptual differences mean that derived words are often listed separately in dictionaries. Additionally, semantic change will affect the related parts of speech separately. Consider the difference between a lecture, to lecture and a lecturer. To lecture has changed it's meaning so that it now almost always means to tell someone off with a long speech. A lecturer retains the original meaning of someone who teaches through speeches. A lecture has both meanings. But note that not all derivational affixes do change the part of speech: the suffix -ship turns the noun friend into another noun, friendship.
Inflectional affixes generally don't communicate real-world or dictionary information. They instead communicate semantic categories. There's no hard and fast rule about whether something will be a semantic category or not, but we all know the really common ones: plurality, tense, agreement markers etc. No English dictionary would have separate entries for dog and dogs because the concepts are too similar, which is a good indicator that the plural marker is inflectional. No English dictionary will have separate entries for jumped and jumping, so those tense/aspect markers are inflectional.
Sometimes it's a little bit hard to decide whether an affix is derivational or inflectional. Which one is dis- in disclose?