The average classroom has three children who have needed support from social services at some point in last six years – a total of 1.6m children across England, according to the analysis.
Damian Hinds, the education secretary, will say in a speech on Monday that a greater understanding of the range of factors stunting social mobility will help break the cycle of disadvantage.
Disadvantaged pupils have highest attainment and progress in schools in cities rather than villages, new Department for Education (DfE) data shows.
Meanwhile, poorer pupils who live in coastal areas achieve around three grades lower at GCSE than their peers in non-coastal locations.
It comes ahead of a speech which will address the impact of multiple disadvantages, including parents’ qualifications and their engagement in a child’s education, on a child’s exam grades.
Mr Hinds said: “We must go further to maximise all children’s chances of reaching their full potential. To unlock social mobility, obviously you need to understand what holds people back. New data and analysis are giving us key insights on the nature of educational disadvantage, and how it has been changing.”
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