Revolution and Genocide: On the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust
University of Chicago Press, 15. okt. 1992 - 363 sider
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and Jews in Imperial Germany had survived as ethnic and religious minorities until they suffered mass destruction when the two old regimes were engulfed by revolution and war. Was there a connection between revolution and genocide in those two instances, and is there a relationship between revolution and genocide in general? In this detailed comparative history, Robert Melson elaborates a distinctive conceptual framework that links genocide to revolution and war. He suggests that some instances of genocide are products of a complex process started by the collapse of old regimes and carried forward by revolutionaries who wish to reconstruct society according to new ideological visions. The Young Turks and the Nazis, able to come to power after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and Imperial Germany, were motivated by Pan-Turkism, on the one hand, and racialist antisemitism, on the other. Desiring to create a Turkish empire free of Armenians and a Third Reich empty of Jews, the two revolutionary movements proceeded to commit genocide on a wide scale. Melson discusses the destruction of the Kulaks in the Soviet Union and the "autogenocide" in Cambodia as comparable situations where total domestic genocide followed on the heels of the Russian and Cambodian revolutions. Moreover, he warns that sweeping changes such as those occurring in the former Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe can also be precursors to massive violence, including genocide.
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Overview and Major Themes
Armenians and Jews under the Old Regimes in
Antisemitism and the Upwardly
The Failure of the Antisemitic Parties in Imperial
Armenians and Jews under Revolutionary Regimes
The German Revolution and the Rise of the Nazi Party
The Revolution and the War against the Jews
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Abdul Hamid antisemitic parties Armenian Genocide Armenians and Jews army Aryans assimilation autogenocide Bauer became Bismarck Cambodian Chapter Christian communal groups Conservatives context cultural Dadrian Dawidowicz democracy democratic deportations destroy dhimmis discussion DNVP economic enemies especially Europe European excluded extermination Final Solution forces German revolution Hilberg Hitler Holocaust Hovannisian Ibid identity ideology Imperial Germany instances Jewish emancipation Jewish Question Jews Judaism Khmer Rouge killed Kulaks liberal major mass murder massacres menian middle classes military millet minorities modern movement Muslim nationalist Nazis Nazism noted old regime Ottoman Empire Pan-Turkism pariah partial genocide peasantry peasants percent perpetrators political community political myth population racial radical Reichstag revolution revolutionary regime role Russia social mobilization Socialists Stalinist status Stoecker structure suggested sultan Third Reich tion total domestic genocide total genocide Turkey Turkish nationalism University Press victims violence Weimar coalition Weimar Republic York Young Turks