In this particular article we will learn about difference between Object Oriented Programming OOP and procedural programming. Division Of Program In procedural programming a program is divided into small functions while in oop it is divided into objects.
Functional programming[ edit ] The principles of modularity and code reuse in practical functional languages are fundamentally the same as in procedural languages, since they both stem from structured programming. Procedures correspond to functions.
Both allow the reuse of the same code in various parts of the programs, and at various points of its execution.
By the same token, procedure calls correspond to function application. Functions and their invocations are modularly separated from each other in the same manner, by the use of function arguments, return values and variable scopes.
Many of the most widely used programming languages (such as C++, Object Pascal, Java, Python etc.) are multi-paradigm programming languages that support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree, typically in combination with imperative, procedural programming. Object oriented programming is meant to address the difficulties with procedural programming. In object oriented programming, the main modules in a program are classes, rather than procedures. The object-oriented approach lets you create classes and objects that model real world objects. If you want to learn more, check out the accompanying lesson titled Object Oriented Programming vs. Procedural Programming. In that lesson, you'll cover the following objectives.
The main difference between the styles is that functional programming languages remove or at least deemphasize the imperative elements of procedural programming. The feature set of functional languages is therefore designed to support writing programs as much as possible in terms of pure functions: Whereas procedural languages model execution of the program as a sequence of imperative commands that may implicitly alter shared state, functional programming languages model execution as the evaluation of complex expressions that only depend on each other in terms of arguments and return values.
For this reason, functional programs can have a free order of code execution, and the languages may offer little control over the order in which various parts of the program are executed.
For example, the arguments to a procedure invocation in Scheme are executed in an arbitrary order. Functional programming languages support and heavily use first-class functionsanonymous functions and closuresalthough these concepts are being included in newer procedural languages.
Functional programming languages tend to rely on tail call optimization and higher-order functions instead of imperative looping constructs. There do exist a few esoteric functional languages like Unlambda that eschew structured programming precepts for the sake of being difficult to program in and therefore challenging.
These languages are the exception to the common ground between procedural and functional languages. Logic programming[ edit ] In logic programminga program is a set of premises, and computation is performed by attempting to prove candidate theorems.
From this point of view, logic programs are declarativefocusing on what the problem is, rather than on how to solve it. However, the backward reasoning technique, implemented by SLD resolutionused to solve problems in logic programming languages such as Prologtreats programs as goal-reduction procedures.
Thus clauses of the form: B1 and … and Bn implies H. Experienced logic programmers use the procedural interpretation to write programs that are effective and efficient, and they use the declarative interpretation to help ensure that programs are correct.Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of the procedure call.
Procedures, also known as routines, subroutines, or functions, simply contain a series of computational steps to be carried out. Procedural programming, on the other hand, is a type of imperative programming, where statements are put into procedures, which can be called back when needed.
C uses procedural programming. OOP is centered on classes and objects. In procedural programming, you will need to include all the text and notes in the program so the band members can play it.
However, you want to have another band play the song in another program. The advantages of procedural abstraction and object-oriented-style polymorphism are poorly illustrated by a small example like the one above.
This example is designed mainly to illustrate some intrinsic performance differences, not abstraction or code re-use.
object orientated programming refers to the creation of reusable software object types and classes that can be efficiently developed and easier incorporated into multiple programs. Unlike the procedural programming practice which is a top down approach to executing .
Procedural programming, on the other hand, is a type of imperative programming, where statements are put into procedures, which can be called back when needed.
C uses procedural programming. OOP is centered on classes and objects.