The slide below is one that I often use in my CPD presentations. The percentages are revealed after some reflection time. I’m keen to stress that, as a physics teacher, this is how I see my time is divided. I am not recommending this particular split; I am reporting my experience of it. Other teachers might have a different sense of it – although I do often get quite strong agreement.
I invented Mode A: Mode B as a short-hand for different elements in the teaching-mix to get across the idea that, whilst some strategies are much more likely to be effective for certain purposes, there are multiple purposes – so it’s likely that we’ll need a mix of approaches over time. This links to the balanced diet idea I wrote about a long time ago.
Beyond the early years, a lot of the time, if not most of the time, teachers are trying to teach specific knowledge and skills to their novice students. This requires good instructional methods; these are the staples of knowledge building in very many subjects and contexts: this is Mode A. In Chapter 8 of The Learning Rainforest – Building the Knowledge Structure – I am essentially describing Mode A teaching: explaining, modelling, questioning, giving feedback, the role of practice.
However, possibly within any unit of the curriculum and certainly in the curriculum overall, we need some other approaches too. Learning takes many forms and there need to be some deviations; a slice or chunk of Mode B. I can’t imagine a truly great curriculum where students do not, at some point, have a range of hands-on experiences, learn to make choices, explore ideas independently to find patterns and rules or develop original ideas. They need to have the chance to make things, to work with each other and to pursue some areas of the curriculum in an extended fashion through projects. It’s just a question of these things being sequenced and structured well so that the learning builds on secure foundations. I explain this at length in Chapter 9 of The Learning Rainforest – Exploring the Possibilities.
Of course the two modes overlap. Yes, you can inspire awe through straight-forward instructional teaching (not something special you’ve laid on); yes you can build some types of knowledge through hands-on learning and open-ended projects. The key for me, in my message to teachers, is to be deliberate about the teaching approach you adopt – using your evidence-informed wisdom to ensure that the approach matches the demands of the curriculum content.
I also often say that Mode A is the place to focus CPD time; it’s usually the hard bit and everyone needs to be able to do this really well. You can’t go off piste until there is a piste – so to speak! But, in promoting excellent instructional Mode A teaching, I am not saying that Mode B doesn’t matter. It does. A lot. However, it’s a bit like the ingredients in a balanced diet. Some things only need to be present in very small doses to keep us fit and healthy – but they are still absolutely essential. We’d be much weaker specimens without them.
A related post is about how this plays out in the way we interpret findings from research: You’re doing it all wrong: context and complexity in Ed-research and debate.
Here I stress that the need for balance and nuance in understanding research does not mean anything goes. That’s always the risk. But I’ll leave you to consider what your equivalent of my 80:20 split might be.
I took part in a Seneca Learning webinar last week that explored the Mode A Mode B concept. It’s probably the most succinct explanation I’ve given and the questions afterwards were excellent including my views on flipped learning, growth mindset, using knowledge organisers, tech teams, how to deliver Mode B in more disadvantaged contexts, ‘skateboarding lessons’…. and more.