Washington, DC--Couples may take longer to conceive a child when one or both partners has high cholesterol, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM).
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all cells of the body. About a third of American adults - 71 million - have high levels of low-density lipoprotein, or "bad" cholesterol, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Only one of every three adults with high LDL cholesterol has the condition under control.
"In addition to raising the risk of cardiovascular disease, our findings suggest cholesterol may contribute to infertility," said one of the study's authors, Enrique F. Schisterman, MS, PhD, of the National Institutes of Health's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in Bethesda, MD. "Our results suggest prospective parents may want to have their cholesterol checked to ensure their levels are in an acceptable range."
The population-based prospective cohort study examined the rate of pregnancies among 501 heterosexual couples trying to conceive. The researchers enrolled 501 couples from four counties in Michigan and 12 counties in Texas from 2005 to 2009. The couples were part of the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) study, established to examine the relationship between fertility and exposure to environmental chemicals and lifestyle.
Among the couples, 347 became pregnant over the course of the 12-month study. Fifty-four couples did not conceive a child. A hundred couples withdrew from the study, including some whose plans to have a child changed.
Researchers measured each prospective parent's cholesterol by testing a blood sample taken at the study's outset. Rather than measuring LDL cholesterol and other subtypes, the researchers measured the total and free amounts of cholesterol in the blood. According to the findings, couples where one or both partners had high cholesterol took significantly longer to become pregnant.
"Couples in which both the prospective mother and father had high cholesterol levels took the longest time to conceive a child," Schisterman said. "Our study also found couples in which the woman had high cholesterol and the man did not took longer to become pregnant than couples where both partners had cholesterol levels in the normal range."
Other authors of the study include: Sunni L. Mumford, Zhen Chen and Germaine M. Buck Louis of NIH's NICHD; Richard W. Browne of the University at Buffalo, SUNY, in Buffalo, NY; and Dana Boyd Barr of Emory University in Atlanta, GA.
The study, "Lipid Concentrations and Couple Fecundity: The LIFE Study," was published online, ahead of print.
Founded in 1916, the Endocrine Society is the world's oldest, largest and most active organization devoted to research on hormones and the clinical practice of endocrinology. Today, the Endocrine Society's membership consists of over 17,000 scientists, physicians, educators, nurses and students in more than 100 countries. Society members represent all basic, applied and clinical interests in endocrinology. The Endocrine Society is based in Washington, DC. To learn more about the Society and the field of endocrinology, visit our site at http://www.