Presentation on theme: "June 2003 PAHO/WHO Cholera (Region of the Americas, 1991-2002)"— Presentation transcript:
June 2003 PAHO/WHO Cholera (Region of the Americas, 1991-2002)
June 2003 PAHO/WHO Initial epidemic: January 1991 August 1991 February 1992 March 1993 Cholera Epidemic in the Americas
June 2003 PAHO/WHO Reported Cases of Cholera (Region of the Americas, 1991-2002) 24 534 57,312
June 2003 PAHO/WHO Number of Cholera Cases in Central America 13 1
June 2003 PAHO/WHO Factors Favoring Eradication Fragility of the organism. Large dose required for infection (10 6 ), lack of person-to-person transmission. Short incubation period. Probable impact of non-specific control measures. Public motivated.
June 2003 PAHO/WHO Factors Impeding Eradication Persistence of V. cholerae in the aquatic environment. Increase in population density. Non-existence of an adequate vaccine, limited protection from natural immune system. Failure of other traditional public-health measures (chemoprophylaxis, quarantine, trade embargos). Development of an effective treatment. Flexibility and variety of V. cholerae toxigenic strains.
June 2003 PAHO/WHO Incidence of Cholera by Gross National Product (per capita GNP)
June 2003 PAHO/WHO Prevention and Control Strategies Epidemiological surveillance. Environmental sanitation. Food safety. Social communication and health/sanitary education.