calendar bases the own unit of measure on quantity of fixed
duration, (days, months, years) reported to processings of
based calculations on the observation of astronomical phenomena,
type solar lunation and cycles. Such calculations have, in
the course of the historical ages, endured several modifications
and interpretations, dictated from the fact that the astronomical
cycles are not exactly formed from an entire number of days.
As a result of that, we today find ourselves to consider various
measurements of the days, between which:
LUNAR CALENDAR (muslim)
CALENDAR LUNI-SOLAR (Hebrew, Chinese and other Asia)
In the western calendar it is considered
the period of revolution of the Earth around the Sun (tropic
year), that it is worth 365,2422 days, for this it is considered
solar. Considering 365 entire days it would be had in the
time one sliding of the seasons. To that bissextile year has
been obviated inserting 1 every day 4 years (bissextile year)
In the lunar calendar it is considered the
lunar phases, (lunar synodic month) that they have duration
of 29,53 days. This resist to having months (12 year) alternated
of 29 and 30 days, and consequently the year has one alternated
duration of 354 or 355 days.To the comparison with the western
one a refuse from 10 to 12 days is had, but after 30 years,
they coincide. Such refuse is consequence of the advance of
the New Year's Day Muslim regarding the Gregorian. The account
of the years is made to begin the 16-7-672 (year of the Egira).
The luni-solar calendar is also it based
on the lunar cycle, for which alternate months of 29 and 30
days, re-united in periods of 19 years (cycle of Metone),
that they comprise 12 years of 12 months (common year), and
7 years of 13 months (embolism year). The account of the years
is made to begin the 3761 B.C. corresponding to the traditional
date of the creation of the world.
was introduced from the Pope Gregory Xlll in the 1582, in
order to correct the previous intentional Julian calendar
from Julius Caesar. In fact the astronomers convened in
the 46 a.C. from J. Caesar, considered the year, composed
from 365 days and 6 hours, instead of the effectives 365
days 5h 48 ' and 46 ". Such difference in excess of
11 ' and 14 ", involved an increment of 1 every day
128 years. In the 1582 a delay of 10 days was therefore
accumulated, for which Gregorio Xlll it established that
the successive day to a 4 friday October 1582, became 15
saturdays October, bringing back therefore the date of the
spring equinox to 21-3. Beyond to this the Pope astronomer
it considered also for the future years, in fact it established
the abolition of 3 days every 4 centuries, removing from
the number of the bissextile years those secular years whose
group of the first two figures was not divisible for four.
1700, 1800, 1900 were not bissextile, it will be 2000, 2400.
Also this system however is affection from error regarding
the seasons, quantify in 1 every day 3300 years. This system
of calendar came immediately adopted from the countries
of catholic religion, and later on also from the other nations:
in 1700 in Norway and Denmark
in 1752 in England
in 1918 in Russia
in 1932 in Greece
bissextile year (366 days) servants exactly to recover the
6 hours approximately, of which the calendar year it differs
from that solar one. It was introduced for before the time
from the Julian reform, came called therefore why the Roman,
not wanting for superstition to modify the month, they thought
about to make the added one, even to the end of the year,
after the sixth antecedent day the calends of March (23 February)
that in such a way it came repeated two times, therefore "
bis sextus ".
zero respect b.C. & a.C.
|3760 b.C. for the Hebrew
the creation of the man.
622 a.C. for the Muslims, Maometto emigrated
from the Mecca to Medina.
551 b.C. for the confucianist Chinese, nacque
660 b.C. for the Japanese the king Jimmutenno
founded the Japanese empire.
284 a.C. for the copti (Christian of Abyssinia,
Egypt and Sudan), advent to the throne of Diocletian.
exact time that the Earth employs in order to complete an
entire one turn of revolution around to the Sun; solar 365
gg 6h 9 ' 13 ".
SOLAR YEAR OR TROPICO: interval that passes between
two successive ones spring equinoxes; 365 gg 5h 48 ' 46 ".
CALENDAR YEAR: 365 gg.
YEAR BISSEXTILE: 366 gg.
YEAR LITURGICAL or ECCLESIASTIC: considered for the
ceremonies of church; it begins with the Advent (from the
come Latin adventus = of the Getlteman).
JUDICIAL YEAR: 1 January - 31 Decembers.
PLANETARY YEAR: time that employs a planet in order
to complete one turn of revolution around the Sun.
of time reports from 1 second
solar day (d)
solar minute (min)
standard time (h)
is Sunday that follows the 1° plenilune that one verification
after the of spring equinox, and is inclusive between March
22 and April 25. Such rule has stayed established from the
Council of Nicea (325).
The Passover commemorates the liberation
from the slavery from Egypt, and has lasted 8 days beginning
from the plenilune of March
1999 -2010 THEmeter.net - All Rights Reserved -