The shoulder is a complex joint. It is composed of three bones (clavicle, humerus, scapula), four rotator cuff tendons (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor), and the glenoid labrum. It is the most mobile joint in the body and is prone to injury. Common problems in the shoulder joint include rotator cuff tears and tendinitis, impingement, labral tears, biceps tendon injuries, and instability. These injuries are best managed in a specialized setting where advanced techniques can be chosen according to each patient’s specific needs. Athletes with acute shoulder injuries need sports medicine specialty care that can help them return to sports and work as soon as possible. Minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques can be used to treat most shoulder injuries. Shoulder arthritis is a frequent cause of shoulder pain. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Shoulder replacement is a very effective surgery for relieving pain and improving function from arthritis.