Dandiya was nicknamed as the ‘Sword Dance’ as it staged a mock fight between Goddess Durga and the demon king Mahishasura. The sticks, also known as Dandiyas, are a representation of the swords of Durga. The origin of Dandiya can be traced back to the time of Lord Krishna where it extends itself to festivals of crops and harvest too. Also the term ‘raas’ is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Rasa’ meaning the Raslila performed by Lord Krishna during his time.
Dandiya is a folk dance featured for nine nights during Navratri. Both men and women perform Dandiya in a group. The performers strike the sticks together holding in both their hands on the beats of the musical instruments. The setting involves the formation of two circles by the dancers which can involve a large number of people at one time. One circle revolves clockwise while the other anti–clockwise. The dancers are led with the beats given by the person who stands in the centre of the two circles. The dancers spin and move their feet and arms in a choreographed manner to the tune of the drum beats.
As discussed earlier, Dandiya is performed during the nine days of Navratri as well as at the time of harvest. Hence, the dhol (a drum) generally associated to be the most important musical instruments in most of the festival dances and rituals, is used. However, the other musical instruments include the dholak, tabla, and so on.
People performing Dandiya wear traditional attire dazzling with mirror and heavy jewellery. Ranging from area–to–area, men wear special turbans and kedias whereas women wear traditional and colourful dress such as an embroidered choli, ghagra and bandhini dupattas.
There are two main differences between Garba and Dandiya. First, Dandiya is performed after aarti whereas Garba is performed before it. Second, usually Garba is performed exclusively by women and Dandiya is performed both by men and women. Also, Dandiya is played with dandiyas which are the colourfully decorated sticks whereas Garba involves various hand and feet movements in particular.