die in 't najaar klinken
laten mijn hart
in verlangende smart
De keel gesnoerd,
als klokken luiden,
denk ik nog aan
wat is gegaan
en wil ik huilen.
En ik moet voort
waar wind mij voert,
mee op zijn boze pad,
van hier naar daar,
als was ik maar
Vertaling: M.H. Teunissen
This poem in 60 seconds
The young Paul Verlaine wasn’t the most cheerful of people. The poetry he wrote in high school, including Chanson d’automne (Autumn song), is gloomy and wistful. The fall landscape, created in only a few lines, reflects Verlaine’s mood: bleak and melancholic. It wasn’t just him going through puberty. His entire life, he was tormented by depressive thoughts and sought refuge in liquor and love. In this poem, he describes how he moved through life: like a leaf, riding high and low winds.
Want to know more? On this website you can listen to the poem, discover its origins and its author and find out what the poem means to the people of Leiden.
Metz 1844 - Parijs 1896
Paul Verlaine started writing poetry at a young age and at fourteen he sent the poem La Mort ('The Death') to Victor Hugo, the then icon of French literature. The tone of his oeuvre was set: Verlaine was melancholy and a defeatist. This could quickly turn into a depression, for example when his father and cousin died shortly after one another. Verlaine sought comfort in spirits such as absinthe and was often drunk and violent for long periods of time.
Poet of scandal
In 1870, Paul Verlaine married the seventeen-year-old Mathilde Mauté and a year later their son was born. Verlaine was already a well-known poet when a young ambitious fellow artist, Arthur Rimbaud, sent him several poems for review. He was so impressed that he left his wife and started living with Rimbaud. Their openly homosexual relationship sparked controversy and the couple moved to London and later to Brussels. When Verlaine shot Rimbaud in the wrist during a fight that got out of control, Verlaine was sent to prison in Belgium for two years.
Return to France
After his release, Verlaine was determined to better his life. He found a job as a teacher but when he got involved with Lucien, one of his students, he had to escape to England once again. The couple returned to Paris several years later. When Lucien died shortly after, Verlaine again reached for the bottle of absinthe. He lived as a clochard after his mother’s death in 1886. Sometimes he spent the night in hospitals or with prostitutes, but more often on the street.
It was in poetry that Verlaine found a place for his feelings and thoughts. Toward the end of his life, his poems were more and more appreciated. His life story also appealed to the public. When he died at the age of 52, thousands of admirers came to his funeral to bid farewell to the bohemian.
What's this poem about?
In Chanson d’automne (Autumn song), Verlaine wrote about the feelings that fall evoked. Nature prepares itself for winter; trees shed their leaves. It makes Verlaine realize that everything is transient. This is the depressing thought that “wounded his heart”. He feels powerless like a dead leaf that drifts on the wind.
Years later, Verlaine wrote in Art poétique (The art of poetry) that poethood was, above all, about music. Poetry had to be like music and give expression to emotions. In Chanson d’automne Verlaine definitely displays this. Not only does he use words related to music, like the playing violins, but sound and rhythm also make this poem resemble a song. This is not a coincidence; after all, the poem is called chanson d’automne, song of autumn.
In 1866, when Paul Verlaine was 22 years old, he published his first poetry collection: Poèmes saturniens (Poems under Saturn). In these poems, he sought an explanation for his melancholic way of living. The answer is in the title: the influence of the planet Saturn. Simply put: he was born under a poor constellation and was thus doomed to a life of gloominess. Part of this collection is the series Paysage Tristes (Sad Landscapes) which includes Chanson d’automne (Autumn song). Like the other poems in the collection, Verlaine wrote these while still in high school.
Stories from Leiden
Unfortunately, this wall poem was demolished. Leiden resident Leo van Zanen shares his thoughts.
Video: Leendert Beekman, Michiel Keller.
SHARE YOUR STORY
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Paul Verlaine in Leiden
Photo: Inge Harsten
Verlaine has been to Leiden once, when he visited the Netherlands for a short series of lectures in November 1892. In the diary he kept during the trip, he described the preparation for the recital in Leiden, which took place on 7 November in the refectory of the clubhouse of student fraternity Amicitia:
Because a local professor had said not to have understood why one would benevolently receive a crook of my standing, I picked a piece from my work in which this word occurs, in order to stick it to him, should he be present.
This probably never happened, as it was mainly students who showed up at the recital:
I entered the saloon, chiefly occupied with many young men, several ladies, and a few grey heads, allegedly belonging to professors who had come around. All the same! When throughout my recital I got to the part in which the word voyou (crook, gangster) occurred, I made it resound through the saloon and it struck a grand chord. Naturally, the recital ended with a nearly tempestuous applause!
From: Paul Verlaine, Twee weken Holland (Two weeks in Holland).
Translation: Demi van de Wetering, based on the Dutch translation of K. Jonckheere.
From 1993, Verlaine could again be found in Leiden: at Pieterskerkhof 4. It was the 7th poem realized by the TEGEN-BEELD Foundation.
Note: unfortunately, this poem is no longer on the wall, though may be restored in the future.
Photo: Leo van Zanen
Paul Verlaine and Symbolism
Verlaine is regarded as one of the leading French Symbolist poets. Symbolism is a movement in literature, music and visual arts which started in France circa 1850 and spread throughout Europe. Imagination, illusion and intuition are central and the symbol refers to the inner world, with emphasis on visions, death, impotence, languidness, decadence and calamity.
Verlaine’s collected work is entitled Les Poètes Maudits (The Cursed Poets). ‘Poète maudit’ refers to a misunderstood, social maladjusted poet. The expression was quickly picked up and used throughout Europe by an entire generation of artists.
Musicality in poetry above all.
How refreshing it is that one is not envied! It does one good to be perceived as unhappier than anyone else.
- After seeing this wall poem, Dutch writer Simone van der Vlugt named her 2009 novel Herfstlied ('Autumn song'). It takes place in Leiden. The title reflects the state of mind of the main character who feels like a leaf in autumn floating on the wind.
- In 1940, French singer Charles Trenet put this poem to music. The BBC broadcasted the first three lines of the recording on 1 June 1944 to inform the French resistance that the invasion of Normandy would take place within two weeks. On 5 June, the following three lines were broadcasted, which made clear that the attack would be initiated the next day.
- In 2014, in celebration of the 70th anniversary of D-day (6 June 1940), France struck a unique two euro-coin. The obverse shows the first two lines of this poem and the waves of the sea.
- Verlaine was addicted to absinthe, a liquor which had a hallucinatory effect and was rather popular among artists. People associated him so strongly with the green drink that a glass of absinthe is often called un verre Verlaine (a glass Verlaine) in France.
- Entire generations of French students learned this poem by heart.
Les sanglots longs
Blessent mon coeur
Et blême, quand
Je me souviens
Des jours anciens
Et je pleure;
Et je m'en vais
Au vent mauvais
Pareil à la
The sobbing tones
of the violins
that autumn plays
wound my heart
with a languor that
Stifled and wan
the moment when
the tocsins toll,
I recall the ways
of the dear, dead days
and tears fall;
And I must go
where ill winds blow
blown here, blown there
as though I were
an autumn leaf.
Translation: James Brockway
This entry was written by Het Taalmuseum in collaboration with Clara Osterhaus. The translation into English is by Demi van de Wetering. The following sources were consulted:
- Paul Verlaine - Honderd Gedichten, translated and commented on by Peter Verstegen
- Verlaine - J.H. Bornecque
- Histoire de la Littérature Française - Tome 1 - P. BRunel
- Paul Verlaine - le site officiel
- La joie des poètes: Paul Verlaine
- Seconde guerre
Read the news report on Verlaine's visit to Leiden in the Leiden Courant.