To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser.
With an accout for my.bionity.com you can always see everything at a glance – and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter.
- My watch list
- My saved searches
- My saved topics
- My newsletter
Type II topoisomerase
Type II topoisomerases cut both strands of the DNA helix simultaneously in order to change the linking number of the molecule.
Additional recommended knowledge
Once cut, the ends of the DNA are separated, and a second DNA duplex is passed through the break. Following passage, the cut DNA is religated. This reaction allows type II topoisomerases to increase or decrease the linking number of a DNA loop by 2 units, and promotes chromosome disentanglement. Reactions involving the increase in supercoiling require ATP. For example, DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase observed in E. coli and most other prokaryotes, introduces negative supercoils and decreases the linking number by 2. Gyrase also is able to remove knots from the bacterial chromosome.
Eukaryotic type II topoisomerase cannot introduce supercoils; it can only relax them. This is thought to be unnecessary because the binding of DNA by histones increases potential superhelicity.
There are two subclasses of type II topoisomerases, type IIA and IIB.
In cancers, the topoisomerase IIalpha is highly expressed in highly proliferating cells. In certain cancers, such as peripheral nerve sheath tumors, high expression of its encoded protein is also associated to poor patient survival.
Catenation is where two circular DNA strands are linked together like chain links. This occurs after DNA replication where two single strands are catenated can still replicate but cannot separate into the two daughter cells. As Type II topoisomerses break a double strand they can fix this state (Type I topoisomerases could only do this if there was already a single strand nick) and the correct chromosome number can remain in daughter cells. As linear DNA in eukaryotes is so long they can be thought of as being without ends and Type II topoisomerases are needed for the same reason.
The experimental anti-tumor drug m-AMSA (4'-(9'-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide) also inhibits type 2 topoisomerase.
|This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Type_II_topoisomerase". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.|