English to English
1. (used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result
therefore X must be true|the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory|we were young and thence optimistic|it is late and thus we must go|the witness is biased and so cannot be trusted
2. in the way indicated
hold the brush so|set up the pieces thus
3. In this or that manner; on this wise.
4. an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation
5. The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the Norway spruce, the long-leaved pine, and other conifers.