Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of related species. Phylogenetic trees are used to illustrate the relatedness of species and show common ancestors. A cladogram is one form of phylogenetic tree. A clade is a grouping that include the ancestor species and all the descendants.
Taxonomy divides organisms into categories based on characteristics. The order of classification begins with taxon domain (least specific), to kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (most specific). Organism are named through binomial nomenclature which tells the genus and species they belongs to.
There are three domains: bacteria, archaea and eukarya.
Source: Holtzclaw, Fred, and Theresa Holtzclaw. AP Test Prep Series. San Francisco: Pearson Education Inc., 2013. Print., Monophyletic. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. 22 Feb 2014. < http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch26/clade-monophyletic.html>.