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The Upanishads are a collection of philosophical Hindu scriptures. There are perhaps around 200 canonical Upanishads, the number varying from one compilation to another, though there are 10 principal Upanishads, which are considered śruti - revealed by the divine as opposed to written strictly by human agency. The oldest Upanishads - Bṛhadāraṇyaka and Chāndogya - were composed before the appearance of Buddhism in the 5th century BCE, while the rest, many of which show Buddhist influence, were written thereafter. Each of the ten principal Upanishads is associated with one of the four Vedas. The later Upanishads are largely reworkings of the principal Upanishads. The Upanishads are highly mystical and abstract, allowing for a wide range of interpretation.