Preface. Part I. Reflections on Science and Technology. 1. Science and technology - present relations in historical perspective (A. Sarlemijn). 2. Reflections on fundamental physical research in present-day society (L. van Hove). Part II. Fundamental Industrial Research. Predicting the properties of materials: dream or reality? (M.F.H. Schuurmans). 4. The revolution in surface science: from receiprocal space to real space (J.E. Demuth). Part III. Foundations of physics. 5. Gravitiation and elementary particle physics (G. 't Hooft). 6. La nouvelle cuisine (J.S. Bell). Part IV. New Pathways in Physics. 7. Phase jumps - The physical basis of life (M. Eigen). 8. From laser physics to synergetics and pattern recognition (H. Haken). Part V. History of Industrial Physics. 9. Innovation and basic research in the industrial laboratory: the repeater, transistor and Bell telephone system.