The belt conveyor has a simple structure and large conveying capacity, and is widely used in mining, metallurgy and other fields. Improving the reliability and stability of the belt conveyor mainly starts from the aspects of equipment installation, operation and maintenance.
The structure of a common belt conveyor is mainly composed of a driving device, a roller, a tensioning device, a braking device, a conveyor belt and a supporting roller.
1) Installation of conveyor belt
The conveyor belt is the main component of the belt conveyor and runs through the entire length of the belt conveyor. Reducing the failure rate of conveyor belts is an important method to increase the life of belt conveyors and reduce operating costs.
During the installation of the conveyor belt, the quality of the conveyor belt joints must be straight, no glue, no bubbling, tight adhesion and smooth; the misalignment of the centerline of the two rolls of conveyor belt is less than 3mm. During the operation of the belt conveyor, the conveyor belt does not slip or deviate, and the amount of deviation cannot exceed 5% of the bandwidth.
2) Installation of driving device
The driving device provides traction during normal operation of the belt conveyor and is the core device of the belt conveyor.
When the drive unit is installed, make sure that the centerline of the belt conveyor is perpendicular to the axis of the transmission roller and is on the centerline of the width of the transmission roller. Ensure that the level of the shaft of the transmission roller and the steering roller should not exceed 0.3 ‰. The degree of misalignment between the centerline and the longitudinal centerline of the belt conveyor is not more than 2mm, and the non-perpendicularity between the axis of the transmission roller and redirection roller and the longitudinal centerline of the belt conveyor is not more than 2 ‰ of the width of the roller.
When the drive unit is installed and debugged, ensure that the motor has no abnormal sound, no abnormal heating and vibration; no abnormal sound and abnormal vibration during the trial run of the reducer; the surface temperature of the cabinet does not exceed the standard; there is no excessive wear on the tooth surface; Loose; there is no abnormal sound and heating of the brake and backstop, and there is no jamming or abnormal wear of each rotating pin.
3) Installation of roller and rack
The supporting rollers are installed on the frame and support the conveyor belt so that the droop of the conveyor belt does not exceed the specified requirements. It is required that the idler roller rotates flexibly and is perpendicular to the centerline of the belt conveyor, and the idler roller does not have abnormal sounds and jams. The degree of misalignment between the centerline of the frame and the longitudinal centerline of the belt conveyor does not exceed 3mm; the relative height difference between the corresponding points of the two channel steels of the frame does not exceed 3mm.
4) Installation of tensioning device
The tensioning device can compensate the elastic and plastic deformation of the conveyor belt, so that the conveyor belt has sufficient tension to prevent the belt conveyor from slipping.
The steel wire rope of the tensioning device must not have rust and broken wires, and the conveyor belt must not be slack. It should be installed on the no-load branch near the transmission drum as much as possible to prevent slipping when starting and braking. It should be installed on the conveyor belt as much as possible. Places where tension is small, thereby reducing tension.
5) Installation of protective devices
The anti-skid protection device is installed on the return belt of the belt conveyor. For the fixed belt conveyor, the anti-skid protection device is installed between the head unloading roller and the driving roller;
The stacking protection is installed at the overlap of the two belt conveyors. The protection contacts should be hung in front of the unloading drum. The height of the protection contacts should not be higher than the lower edge of the unloading drum.
The deviation protection is installed in pairs, and one set is installed at the head and the tail, and fixed to the belt conveyor frame using a special bracket;
The temperature sensor is installed near the active roller of the belt conveyor, and the temperature probe should be close to the outer wall of the main roller.
6) Overlap installation of multiple belt conveyors
When multiple belt conveyors are overlapped, the material falls from the unloading place of the previous belt conveyor to the receiving place of the rear belt conveyor. When the belt conveyor is installed, the gap between the unloading roller of the previous belt conveyor and the rear belt conveyor should be maintained at about 1m (shown in Figure 3). To ensure that the material can be unloaded onto the receiving belt conveyor smoothly without too much impact. Regular maintenance of the belt conveyor is conducive to improving the service life of the belt conveyor and reducing the failure rate of the belt conveyor.
The early installation is the basis for the stable operation of the belt conveyor. The installation technical requirements should be strictly implemented and hidden dangers checked from the source. Maintenance is the guarantee of stable operation of the belt conveyor. Therefore, we must pay close attention to the maintenance system and the business skills of the maintenance workers to prevent the belt conveyor from malfunctioning.