A bird sanctuary provices a safe, natural habitat where wild birds come to feed, rest, bathe, build nests and raise their young. An effective bird sanctuary needn't be elaborate or expensive as long as it includes the necessities of shelter, food and water. Even a small backyard becomes an inviting sanctuary for birds and a relaxing, peaceful spot where you can watch them as they go about their daily activities.
When planning the sanctuary, include as many native plants as possible. Native plants are suited to the local soil and climate. Because they are a part of the natural environment, native plants require little maintenance, attract beneficial insects and rarely become invasive. Include flowering plants, because the blooms provide nectar during the spring and summer and seeds in fall and winter. Seed-rich plants include larkspur, coneflowers, sunflowers and goldenrod. Hummingbirds are attracted to red flowers and bell-shaped blooms, as well as nectar-rich flowers such as honeysuckle and phlox.
Trees and Shrubs
Trees and shrubs are the most important plants in a bird sanctuary. The branches and leaves provide shelter, nesting material and nesting spots for the birds. Trees and shrubs also provide year-round sustenance in the form of blooms, berries and seeds. If possible, plant native trees and shrubs, which provide a natural food supply for native birds. Shrubs that provide shelter and food include crabapples, dogwood and mulberries. Include a variety of evergreens, which offer shelter even during the coldest part of winter. Don't attempt to keep your garden perfectly groomed -- broken branches and twigs provide natural shelter and safe nesting spots.
Garden paths let visitors walk through the sanctuary while viewing birds in their natural habitat. A few strategically placed benches along the path provide a place to rest while you watch the birds, sketch or take pictures. A simple walkway is enough. If the path tends to get muddy, cover the walkway with pebbles or a thick layer of bark chips or pine needles.
A bird sanctuary requires at least one source of water. Birds need water for drinking and bathing all year round. A bird bath or any shallow basin with a rough bottom to prevent slipping is fine. Fill the bath with no more than 1 to 3 inches of water. Locate the birdbath near a tree so the birds can fly up and preen their feathers after a bath. A tree also provides shelter if the birds are startled. Do not place the bath near plants or shrubbery where cats and other predators can hide. Birds also enjoy small fountains or water dripping from a bucket attached to a tree branch.
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