Volume 7 (2016) - Issue 2, February
Pomegranate, Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), as a medicinal and nutritional ancient fruit, has an outstanding medical history throughout the world. Each of compartments of pomegranate has interesting pharmacological activity. Juice, leaf, flower, and peels of pomegranate possess potent antioxidant properties, while juice, peel and oil are all weakly estrogenic activity. Pomegranate seeds have eth...
Administration of drug by oral route is the most effective and acceptable route as it has better therapeutic efficacy, low cost and good patient compliance. More than 40% of new drugs are poorly water soluble. These drugs present development challenges and also have poor bioavailability. Although many formulation approaches like solid dispersions, complexation, pH modification exist, novel lipid b...
Drug release from novel drug delivery systems are desired to be controlled at target site in effective concentration for required therapeutic action with predictable plasma concentrations, unlike conventional ones, thereby reducing the dose, dosage frequency, toxic adverse effects, reduction of blood level fluctuations, improved patient compliance and minimization of drug accumulation. As this can...
Aim: This article focuses on the current review of world-wide medicinal plants studied for their phytochemical investigations, various biological activities and clinical studies in relation to their use for treatment of Sickle cell disease. Method: All relevant literature databases were searched up to 18 September 2014. The search terms were plant, herb, herbal therapy, phytotherapy, sickle cell a...
Fusion of a pyrone ring with a benzene nucleus gives rise to a class of heterocyclic compounds called Benzopyrones, of which two distinct types are recognized: (1) benzo-α-pyrone commomly called coumarins and (2) benzo-ϒ-pyrone called chromones or flavanoids, latter differing from former only in the position of the carbonyl group in heterocyclic system. Coumarins have attracted considerabl...
The plant Alstonia scholaris has been used in different system of traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases. The extract of the plant showed pharmacological activities ranging from anti-malarial to anticancer properties. Alstonia scholaris is such plant who have medicinal activity against many of the ailments. In recent times, there is an upsurge of interest and focus on the importance of...
Cancer vaccines, a unique approach to cancer therapy are the propitious tools in the hands of the clinical oncologist. Immunization with these specific cancer vaccines put forth an antitumor effect by captivating the host immune response, and has immense prospective for avoiding the inherent drug resistance that confines typical cancer management. Strategies to attain affirmative clinical conseque...
The abnormal growth of White Blood Cell in the bloods and bone marrow is called as Leukaemia. Leukaemia is the 11th most common cancer worldwide. Leukaemia is not a new disease for Ayurveda, which is mentioned under the heading of Raktarbud respectively. The mutations of any carcinogens are the first causative factor of abnormal growth of cancerous cell including Leukaemia. Accordingly to Ayurveda...
QUANTIFICATION OF FLUOROQUINOLONES FROM BULK, PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS AND BIOLOGICAL MATRICES USING CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Fluoroquinolones are the most commonly prescribed synthetic antibacterial agents having improved pharmacokinetic properties and broad spectrum of activity. Due to their broad clinical activity they are the most promising drug for antibacterial chemotherapy. The current study focused on the application of similar chromatographic system for the analysis of a number of fluoroquinolones from bulk, pha...
AN UNDERSTANDING OF PULSATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM – A REVOLUTIONARY APPROACH IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE
Pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) have attracted attraction because of their multiple release system. Pulsatile drug delivery systems are the new approach to overcome patient non-compliance over commercially used dosage forms. These techniques also help in treating the disorders based on circadian paradigm and the drugs are rapidly released according to the lag time decided by the carrier med...
3D-QSAR AND CONTOUR MAP ANALYSIS OF TARIQUIDAR ANALOGUES AS MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN-1 (MRP1) INHIBITORS
One of the major obstacles to the successful chemotherapy towards several cancers is multidrug resistance of human cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs. An important contributor to multidrug resistance is the human multidrug resistance protein-1 transporter (MRP1), which is an efflux pump of the ABC (ATP binding cassette) superfamily. Thus, highly efficacious, third generation MRP1 inhibitors, like t...
Seaweed consumption is becoming more popular in Asian population especially the red seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii). However, there are few reported studies on the safety of K. alvarezii for consumption in Malaysia. This study focuses on the in vivo evaluation of toxicity and heavy metals of K. alvarezii performed in albino rats. K. alvarezii were sent for heavy metal analysis while ...
IN-VITRO EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ERYTHROCYTES AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES
Human erythrocytes were pre-incubated in vitro with paracetamol and then erythrocyte’s rheological properties of deformability, osmotic fragility and aggregation were evaluated after being compromised by various means. Paracetamol (1, 2, 4mg/ml) significantly prevented the loss of deformability through 5mm diameter pores of erythrocytes dehydrated with hypertonic buffer or with calcium ionophore...
AVAILABILITY AND AFFORDABILITY OF ESSENTIAL ANTIBIOTICS FOR PEDIATRICS IN SEMI-RURAL AREAS IN TANZANIA
In this study, we assessed the availability, cost and affordability of essential antibiotics for paediatrics in a semi-rural region in Tanzania. Data were collected from 1 Medical Stores Department (MSD), 8 public hospitals, 30 Private Pharmacies and 30 Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDO`s). The median price of tracer medicines and average stock-out days of per year were used to assess the c...
Quetiapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia as well as for the treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of manufacturing process on critical quality attribute on In-process parameters (Granules). Quetiapine fumarate was selected as a model drug for sustained release drug delivery system manufactured ...
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MARUMOSIDE A ISOLATED FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA AND ITS LIPID DERIVATIVES
In the present study, Marumoside A isolated from Moringa oleifera, a traditional medicinal plant, was synthesized for the first time using trichloroacetimidate donor as a key step. The aglycone 4-hydroxy phenylacetamide was prepared from 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid using oxallyl chloride and aqueous ammonia. The lipid derivatives of Marumoside A were synthesized using different fatty amines. The a...
OLEANANE-TYPE TRITERPENOID SAPONIN OF MOMORDICA CYMBALARIA EXHIBITS NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY IN DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY BY AFFECTING THE POLYOL PATHWAY
Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl (Cucurbitaceae) fruit powder and extracts are reported to have Type 1 antidiabetic activity in experimental diabetic models. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective action of an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin isolated from the plant in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by in vivo and in vitro methods. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabe...
Sustained release Carvedilol tablets constituting reservoir pellets developed in this study is an attempt to investigate the effect of drug release from matrix. The sustained release Carvedilol tablets were prepared by using different combination with release modifier (ethyl cellulose 10 cps and Eudragit RS 100). Tablets containing disintegrant pellets (Crosspovidon) with active ingredient demonst...
A NEW SINGLE STABILITY INDICATING RP-ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (RP-UPLC) METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF ASSAY OF BICALUTAMIDE FROM DOSAGE FORM AND SUITABILITY OF METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF DISSOLUTION RATE AND RESIDUE ANALYSIS.
A new single stability-indicating isocratic reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method with a shortest run time of 2.5 minutes is developed for the determination of assay of bicalutamide an anti-cancer drug from its finished dosage form in the presence of its forced degradation products. The method is developed using Waters Aquity BEH C18 column with mobile phase cont...
ROLE OF THE INCRETINS IN HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF PHLOGACANTHUS THYRSIFLORUS NEES IN CHEMICALLY INDUCED DIABETIC MICE
Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the role of GLP-1, GIP in the hypoglycemic activity of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees. Materials and Methods: We have evaluated the influence of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees, a traditionally used antidiabetic medicinal plant on some metabolic parameters, glucose homeostasis, insulin production, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) and gastric Inhibitory Po...
STUDIES ON HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL MYCOSIS VARIATIONS OF CHANNA STRIATUS (BLOCH) FOUND INFECTED WITH ASPERIGILLUS FUMIGATUS AND ASPERGILLUS NIGER SPP.CAUSED EUS CHARECTERSTICS.
The present investigation deals with the histological and histopathological altarations in Channa striatus infected with fungi Aspergillus fumigates and Aspergillus niger. Fresh water murrels were collected from Dharmasagar and Hasanparthy lakes and Local fish markets of Warangal district. This is due to the nature of their habitats as many native species of fish suffer from living beneath turbid ...
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF - MEMBERED DIOXA DIAZA NAPTHALDEHYDE BASED MACROCYCLIC LIGAND AND ITS COMPLEXES OF Co(III), Ni(II) AND Cu(II) PERCHLORATE IONS
An hitherto new unreported -membered dioxadiazanapthaldehyde based macrocyclic ligand (L) 2,11-dioxa-23,30-diaza heptacyclo [30.4.0.04,9.012,21.014,19.024,29.034,39] -tetraconta-12,14,16, 18,20,22, 24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40-pentadecaene, has been synthesized by two different synthetic routes each involving two stages. 2-Hydroxy-1-Napthaldehyde in the presence of potassium carbonate was trea...
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antidiabetic activity of Piper betle in alloxen induced diabetics. Rats were divided into 6 groups and Piper betle was administered containing 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgbwt powder, respectively in 1ml water orally in group A, B and C rats. Metformin (150 mg/kgbwt) used as a reference standard drug. Blood glucose (BG), triglycerides (TG), total chol...
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF – CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES OF TAMOXIFEN CITRATE AND PHASE SOLUBILITY STUDIES
The objective of the present investigation is to study the possibilities to improve the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of Tamoxifen citrate (TC) – an oral anticancer drug, based on inclusion complexes with a– cyclodextrin (α –CD). The inclusion processes are discussed based on absorption, emission, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, SEM and phase solubility study. The α –CD study shows that the dru...
IDENTIFICATION OF AEROTOLERENCE GENE BATA AND BATB IN SUBGINGIVAL MICROFLORA: AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS, TANNERELLA FORSYTHIA AND PREVOTELLA INTERMEDIA
Subgingival obligate anaerobes present within the biofilm such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregati bacter actinomycetemcomitans have been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Recent documentation has demonstrated that P.gingivalis is capable of maintaining its viability when exposed to oxidative stress by expressing...
Microspheres are one of the drug delivery systems used to target drug at the desired site. The objective of the present study was to prepare, characterize and evaluate colon targeted microspheres of budesonide for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation process using tripolyphosphate as cross- linking agent. Budesonide containing chitosan microspheres...
EFFICACY OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IN CONTROLLING BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN FIFTH INSTAR LARVAE OF ANTHEREAE MYLITTA DRURY (DABA TV)
Bacterial diseases are highly virulent and cause significant crop loss in Anthereae mylittadrury (Daba TV).Therefore an attempt has been made to evaluate the efficient concentration of sodium hypochlorite in controlling bacterial infection through studies on mortality, Total haemocytes, Protein carbonyl content, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase in the fifth in star larvae. Results reve...
The healing of an adult skin wound is a complex process of different tissues and cell lineages. Understanding wound healing involves understanding of inflammation, proliferation, and maturation phase. The present study was aimed at evaluation of proliferative action of hydroalcoholic extract of Trigonella foenum graecum (HETG) in albino rats using excision and incision wound model. HETG 5% W/W and...
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE LEAVES OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA
Various parts of the plant Butea monosperma have been used traditionally for many of the diseases like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, diuretic, analgesic, antitumor, anticancer, astringent activities. Among the various parts of the Butea monosperma first choice is selection of leaves in our current research work because only scanty work has been done on leaves. So it...
Betulin, a known pentacyclic tri-terpenoid, possessing diverse pharmacological properties was determined using HPLC in stem bark methanol extract of Tectona grandis Linn. distributed in greater part of India. Furthermore, Tectona grandis Linn. is used traditionally in treatment of bronchitis, dysentery, headache, leukoderma, leprosy and constipation. The present study was aimed to validate HPLC me...
An accurate, precise and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and subsequently validated for the determination of Empagliflozin in API. Better separation of the drug was achieved on Intersil column(150x40mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase consisted of mixture of 0.01 M acetate buffer, methanol in ratio of (30:70v/v ) at flow rate of 2ml/min, with detection at 260nm using PDA detector. The retention...
ALTERATIONS IN PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME LEVELS AND SERUM LIPID PROFILE PARAMETERS IN RELATION TO LIPID PEROXIDATION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH MATERNALLY INHERITED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and lipid profile parameters, in relation to lipid peroxidation in patients with maternally inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus and in healthy normal individuals. Methods: All standard methods were used to estimate enzymatic antioxidants [Catalase, Copper containing Superoxide Dismutase (CuSOD), Manganese containing Superoxide Dismu...
The aim of the present study is to probe the antimicrobial activities of methanol leaf extract of Leucas sp. Antifungal susceptibilities of certain clinically isolated dermatophytes to methanol extracts of Leucas aspera and Leucas zeylanica leaves were performed using agar well diffusion method. The result obtained shows that all the extracts expressed remarkable antifungal activity with zone of i...
A CLINICAL TRIAL TO ASSESS THE ANTIDIABETIC, ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA IN MANAGEMENT OF TYPE – 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
The present study was carried out to explore anti-diabetic, antidyslipoproteinemic and anti oxidant activities of Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) in type 2 diabetic patients. In this study clinical trial was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetes OPD, at Kaya Chikitsha Vibhag, Rajkiya Ayurvedic Chikitsha Mahavidyalaya, Touriya Ganj, Lucknow, following all ethical guide ...
THE EFFECT OF DOXYCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE ON MMP-2 AND 9 IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED PERIODONTITIS – AN ANIMAL STUDY
The periodontal tissues undergo constant changes of remodelling when subject to bacterial infection and the resultant host response. The balance between enzymes secreted by the host such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their antagonists tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are major contributors to the progression of periodontal destruction. A sub-type of MMPs referred to gelatin...
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STANDARDISATION OF WHOLE PLANT OF ADIANTUM CAPILLUS VENERIS LINN
Traditional knowledge and ethno-botanical use of plants have been widely acknowledged all over the world. The cicatrizing properties of extracts obtained from this plant have been scientifically studied, attributing the main biological activity to its tannin and flavonoid content. Recent commercialization of the plant drug Adiantum capillus veneris Linn. requires pharmacognostical information to d...
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is one of the deadly diseases among children causing a number of deaths worldwide. It could be treated using chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation or irradiation therapy but it may cause side-effects. Therefore, interest has arisen in the use of plants for treatment of ALL. Cannabis sativa is known to produce L-asparaginase which is used to treat ALL. L-aspar...
EFFECTS OF STREPTOZOTOCIN- INDUCED TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS ON CATION CONTENTS IN URINARY BLADDER TISSUES OF THE RAT
Diabetes mellitus is known to induce microvascular changes and alterations to neuronal functions. Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic nephropathy are two of the major long-term complications of diabetic mellitus (DM). The main aim of the comparative study is to investigate the role of cations contents compared to the age matched control.Adult rats were humanely killed and detrusor muscles of urinary ...
FIRST REPORT ON EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF CHITIN AND CHITIN-BASED DERIVATIVES AGAINST ALLOXAN INDUCED ALBINO RATS
Crustacean’s shells constitute the traditional and current commercial source of Chitin. These derivatives/molecules are potential resource as well as multiple functional substrates have generate attractive interest in various fields such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, food and environmental industries. In the present investigation, chitinous wastes were collected from the fresh water areas of De...
ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF A GALACTOSE SPECIFIC LECTIN FROM SEEDS OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA AND EVALUATION OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL
A galactose-specific lectin was purified from seeds of a leguminous plant, Bauhinia variegata, by affinity chromatography on lactose–agarose. Protein extract agglutinated human erythrocytes (treated with proteolytic enzyme). Among various carbohydrates tested, the lectin was best inhibited by D-galactose and other sacharides. SDS-PAGE showed that the lectin, named BVL produce a single band estab...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL GEL OF LORNOXICAM AND ITS DELIVERY BY PASSIVE AND INOTOPHORESIS METHOD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
The objective of present study was to develop Lornoxicam transdermal gel and its iontophoretic delivery to enhance its permeation for systemic effect and to avoid its side effects. Lornoxicam is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor used in the treatment of inflammation, pain, edema and rheumatoid arthritis. Transdermal gel of Lornoxicam was formulated using triethanolamine as solvent, carbopol 934P as gel ...
Background: The WHO assembly in number of resolutions has emphasized the need to ensure quality control of medicinal plant products by using modern techniques and applying suitable standards. Since Ayurvedic medicines come under the purview of Drugs and Cosmetics Act, there is increased general awareness about the necessity for developing standards for the purpose of quality control by the manufac...
Objective: to investigate the anti diabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum on Alloxan induced diabetes in experimental animals (Rats). Materials and Methods: the alcohol extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was tested for its efficacy in Alloxan (150mg/kg) induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were divided into 5groups. Group I (control) received 2% gumacasia, groupie (posit...
Zingiber cernuum belongs to family Zingiberaceae is a perennial herb, also called as Curved stem ginger. The rhizomes of Zingiber cernuum is steam distilled and the composition of essential oil was studied. The essential oil obtained was yellow in colour and the yield was about 0.007%. The chemical profile of the oil was obtained from their GC-MS analysis. The major components present in the oil a...
A SIMPLE AND SENSITIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE LEVEL MONO ISOPROPYLAMINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG SUBSTANCES
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed and optimized for the determination of content of mono isopropylamine at very low levels in Carisoprodol and Isoproterenol hydrochloride. The method was based upon the observation, that characterstic colour results up on addition of colour reagent (consists of Acetyl acetone, formaldehyde and pyridine) and heat for 10 minutes on water ...
TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF GINGER-JUICE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE) ON AMPHETAMINE-INDUCED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN RAT
To investigate the effects of ginger-juice (Zingiber officinale roscoe) on amphetamine-induced locomotor activity in rat. Methods: (A) Albino rats (n=6-12) were administered G.J at the single doses (4 ml/rat, p.o) as single administration (acute) and chronic treatment over period of 7 days. Following this assessment was done. Effect of treatment with G.J acutely and chronically (7days) administere...
Chlorella pyrenoidosa is a fresh water microalgae used as substrate for production of value added products like biodiesel. In this investigation C.pyrenoidosa was grown for ten days in an internally illuminated bubble column photobioreactor at: 450 lux green light (495–570 nm), 480 lux red light (620–750 nm), 1663 lux blue light (450–495 nm), 1986 luxwhite light (380 to 750 nm).The results...
EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WHEAT GRASS POWDER AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT DRYING PROCESSES
Wheatgrass is one grass that has been demonstrated to be of particular use to humans as a nutritional source of vitamins, enzymes, minerals, trace minerals and chlorophyll in addition to its various health benefits. Wheat grass in powder form is a method for preserving wheat grass nutrients with long shelf life and use of wheat grass powder is more convenient than wheat grass juice. Objective: To ...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF BETULINIC ACID IN VITEX NEGUNDO L. AND ITS POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS
The Vitex negundo, which is traditional Indian medicine, has been used for treatment of various diseases. A simple, sensitive, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of Vitex negundo L. samples and its polyherbal formulations for their Betulinic acid content. The extraction was checked using different solvents like methanol, chloroform, 95% ethanol, acetone and dic...
Blood Pressure (BP) is defined as the product of the cardiac output (CO) and Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR).Hypertension is defined by persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure. Any drug that is indicated for decreasing/normalizing the elevated blood pressure is considered as an Anti-Hypertensive drug. Objective: To assess the utilization pattern of anti-hypertensive agents in the General...
The malignant tumors of ovary are a group of disease with varying clinical and biological behavior. It is fifth leading cause of death from cancer in women and the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer. This retrospective study has been undertaken to analyze patients of epithelial ovarian cancers. These cases were analyzed for various features like age, stage at presentation, histologic...
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUG-INDUCED PARKINSONISM LIKE BEHAVIORS IN C57BL6 BLACK MICE USING A FORCE PLATE ACTIMETER.
This study aims to compare the Parkinsonism behavior induced by two drugs: Tacrine (9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroaminoacridine hydrochloride hydrate and MPTP (1-methyl, 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyrolidine) using a Force Plate Actimeter (FPA). 25 C57BL/6 black mice were equally divided into two groups for 5mg/kg tacrine and 30mg/kg MPTP experiment. Both groups contained sham, 5mg/kg tacrine or 30mg/...