|| Several different syndromes are caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Disseminated infections are usually associated with HIV infection. Less commonly, pulmonary disease in nonimmunocompromised persons is a result of infection with MAC. In children, the most common syndrome is cervical lymphadenitis.
||Mycobacterium avium complex (comprising M. avium and M.intracellulare).
||Not reportable. Population-based data available for Houston and Atlanta metropolitan areas suggest a rate of 1/100,000/year. Incidence is decreasing among HIV- infected patients as a result of new treatment modalities e.g., combination therapy with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well as antimycobacterial prophylaxis.
||In HIV infected persons, manifestations include night sweats, weight loss, abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and anemia.
|| Although the mode of transmission is unclear, MAC is most likely environmentally acquired.
||HIV-infected persons. Rarely in children or nonimmuno-compromised persons.
||MAC is not nationally reportable. Currently under active surveillance in the Houston and Atlanta metropolitan areas.
||Incidence is decreasing because of changes in treatment for HIV-infected patients; however, antimicrobial resistance may be increasing.
|| Antimicrobial resistance and better treatment for affected persons. Unclear knowledge of acquisition of MAC from the environment.
|| Reduction in MAC infection as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients as a result of changes in available therapies.