Sir Thomas Urquhart, Urquhart also spelled Urchard (born 1611, Cromarty, Scot.—died 1660), Scottish author best known for his translation of the works of François Rabelais, one of the most original and vivid translations from any foreign language into English.
Urquhart studied at King’s College, Aberdeen, and fought against the Covenanters at Turriff (1639). He was knighted by Charles I in 1641. His strong Royalist convictions led him to join the army of Charles II in 1651. Taken prisoner at the Battle of Worcester, he was incarcerated in the Tower of London and at Windsor. Cromwell allowed his release on parole, and after 1653 he appears to have been at liberty, probably taking refuge on the European continent with other Cavaliers. He died abroad, allegedly “in a fit of excessive laughter, on being informed by his servant that the King was restored,” in 1660.
In the 1640s and early ’50s Urquhart published several fantastical works that combined an obscure symbolism with sharply drawn autobiographical reminiscences. Urquhart eventually found the perfect medium for his rich, inventive, idiosyncratic style in translating Rabelais. In the Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais (books i–ii, 1653; part of book iii, 1693), his linguistic exuberance and his sympathy with Rabelais’s spirit combined to make this translation the long-established English-language version. Peter Anthony Motteux completed book iii (1693–94), as well as books iv and v (1708).