1Classroom Action Research Dr. Phaichit Saduakkanดร.ไพจิตร สดวกการ
2Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods.Babbie, Earl. (1998 ). The Practice of Social Research. California, USA: Wadsworth PublishingCompany.
3Inductive methods analyze the observed phenomenon and identify the general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon observed.deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through observations.The purposes are different:one is to develop explanations, and the other is to test the validity of the explanations.
4Stokes, D. E. (1997). Pasteur’s quadrant: Basic science and technological innovation.Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Bohr atomic model
5Patton (1990) classified four types of research based on different purposes: Basic Research: The purpose of this research is to understand and explain in the form of a theory that explains the phenomenon to give its contribution to knowledge. It is more descriptive in nature, exploring what, why and how questions.Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. ( 2nd ed.).Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
6Patton (1990) classified four types of research based on different purposes: Applied Research: The purpose of this research is to help people understand the nature of human and societal problems so that human beings can more effectively control their environment. It is more prescriptive in nature, focusing on how questions.Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. ( 2nd ed.).Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
7Patton (1990) classified four types of research based on different purposes: Evaluation Research (formative and summative): Evaluation research studies the processes and outcomes aimed at attempted solution. The purpose of formative research is to improve human intervention within specific conditions, such as activities, time, and groups of people; the purpose of summative evaluation is to judge the effectiveness of a program, policy, or product.Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. ( 2nd ed.).Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
8Patton (1990) classified four types of research based on different purposes: Action Research: Action research aims at solving specific problems within a program, organization, or community. Patton (1990) described that design and data collection in action research tend to be more informal, and the people in the situation are directly involved in gathering information and studying themselves.Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. ( 2nd ed.).Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
9Classroom Action Research Classroom Action research (CAR) aims at solving teachers’ own teaching and learning problems. Design and data collection in action research tend to be more informal, and the teachers or instructors in the problem situation are directly involved in gathering information and studying themselves systematically with a reliable process.
13Plan Act Observe Reflect The Action Research Cycles
14PlanningStep 1: Consider your reasons for being interested in action research.Do you...often think about making changes to the way you teach?wonder why students behave as they do at certain times?worry about your students' performance?discuss your teaching with your colleagues?want to find out more about teaching and learning?want to change the way you manage your classes?want your students to recognize you as a good teacher?
15Planning Step 2: Frame your research question. Articulate your concerns or observationsI've noticed that...I've always wondered why...I'm concerned about...I wonder what would happen if ...It's funny how my students always...
16Planning Step 3: Review the literature on your problem. Other action research projects.Other classroom research.
17Planning Step 4: Develop and refine your research question. What do you already know about this topic?What do you believe about this topic?What particular questions do you want to address?Critique your own questions- Is this question important to you?Does it focus on you and your students and yourteaching learning relationship?- Will there be practical benefits from this research?Will you be able to accept outcomes that goagainst your expectations?- Is the question framed in an objective
18Planning Step 5 : Decide on techniques for observation. Records - Diary/journal- Documents- Tape/video recording- Class attendanceFeedback from students- Questionnaire- Interview- Focus groups- correspondence
19Planning Step 5 : Decide on techniques for observation. Diagnostics - Student assessment- Student evaluation of teaching- Learning inventories- Interaction schedules- Diagnosis of conceptions ofteaching and learning
20Planning Step 6: Review the feasibility of your project. Have you simplified the question to the extent thatit can be acted on in about two action researchcycles?Have you narrowed the scope of the project to fitthe time and resources available?Will the planned data collection place unreasonabledemands on you, your students or your colleagues?Will you be able to analyze the data you collect in the time available
21Planning Step 7: Draft your action research plan. Research question BenefitsThe research teamOutside consultants/critical friendAction plan/interventionTechniques for observationEquipmentCosts
22Planning Step 8: Schedule your project. Start by... Schedule for actions/interventionsEvaluation/monitoring schedulWrite up first cycleStart second cycle