African health ministers have announced a regional tuberculosis emergency due to a sharp rise in the number of cases.
Aids reduces the body's resistance to TB
The declaration was made in Mozambique at a meeting of the World Health Organization's (WHO) African region.
WHO Regional Director for Africa Dr Luis Gomes Sambo appealed for "urgent and extraordinary" action to prevent the situation from getting worse.
Tuberculosis, or TB, kills half a million people a year in Africa, a quarter of the global total.
The Aids epidemic is increasing the spread of TB, which affects people in their most productive years and kills some 1,500 Africans every day.
TB rates are rising in both Africa and parts of eastern Europe.
Africa is particularly hit because of co-infections with HIV and a lack of health infrastructure to monitor and treat the disease.
"Despite commendable efforts by countries and partners to control tuberculosis, their impact has not been significant and the epidemic has now reached unprecedented proportions," Dr Sambo said in a statement.
There have been no new tests or treatments for TB developed in decades and the ones that are available are difficult to administer.
Antibiotics need to be taken regularly over six months - and if an individual is carrying a multi-drug resistant strain, therapy is even harder.
BBC health correspondent Ania Lichtarowicz says the WHO hopes that by making TB a regional health emergency, it will put the disease back on the agenda.