Flashcards in A & P Deck (35):
how many vertebrae are in spinal column?
3-4 (fused and called coccyx)
trachea: tube formed by approximately __ rings of _____
20 rings of cartilage
3 biological functions of larynx
close trachea so food/substances don't enter lungs
close VF's to build pressure
subglottal air pressure builds up, eventually pushes folds apart, and also causes vibration;
then pressure eventually decreases and folds are pulled back together
increased speed of air passing between VF's which sucks folds together
brainstem is made up of what?
midbrain, pons, medulla
reticular activating system executes ______. it is the primary mechanism of ______
attention and consciousness
what is AKA the "little brain"? and what does it do?
cerebellum, which regulates balance, posture, fine movements (including speech!)
re: the cerebrum, what is a ridge in the cortex?
re: the cerebrum, what is a shallow valley in the cortex?
re: the cerebrum, what is a deeper valley?
what is primary function of the pyramidal system?
voluntary muscle movement
corticobulbar tract controls what?
voluntary movements of speech muscles
corticobulbar (and corticospinal) tract(s) are divided into what?
lower motor neurons and upper motor neurons
LMNs are located where?
spinal and cranial nerves
UMNs are located where?
central nervous system
what is primary function of the extrapyramidal system?
fine motor movements (speech!)
what lobe contains primary motor cortex (motor strip)?
what controls muscle movements through pyramidal system?
primary motor cortex (motor strip)
what lobe contains sensory cortex (sensory strip)?
what lobe contains primary visual cortex?
what lobe contains primary auditory cortex?
what lobe deals with pressure, pain, temperature, and touch?
framework of respiration
muscles of respiration
intercostals (internal and external)
accessory muscles of neck
internal intercostal muscles pull ribs ____ for _____ _________
external intercostals do what to ribs?
raise ribs up or out for inhalation
2 muscles of neck
traps and sternocleidomastoid
pathway of respiration starting with mouth/nose