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peristomium, clitellum and abdomen have been observed by applying the treatments of nitenpyram and spinetoram after the period of 48 h.
Nephridiopores at c, conspicuous in the clitellum. Clitellum yellow-ochre, saddle shaped, covering segments 14-17, and with the intersegments barely visible (Figure 2a).
Clitellum (Figs 2, 3): Brownish grey; saddle-shaped, clearly segmented, on V414--28); ventral borders terminate parallel to dorsal edges of tubercula pubertatis.
The clitellum of a fertilised earthworm excretes the mucus used to produce the cocoons.
Chaetae before clitellum by 3-4(5), backwards by 2-3, straight or slightly bent, tapering, sharp-tipped, 28-84 (most often 40-50) [micro]m long (Fig.
The saddle is also known as the clitellum, and it forms a cocoon that holds eggs and nourishes a worm until baby worms hatch.
Effect of this pesticide on total protein content was determined in head, clitellum and abdominal regions of treated earthworm P.
Reproductive readiness is evident by the swollen clitellum, an enlarged region seen partway down the length of the body from segments, or metameres, 31 or 32 to 37.
Earthworms with developed clitellum were used and they were dewed with sublethal single doses of 0, 80, 150, 300 and 600mg of malathion for kilogram of soil (LD50 = 880mg/kg dry soil).
Number of adults (recognizable from genital markings such as clitellum), juveniles (no genital markings), and cocoons were counted and recorded.
Juveniles were distinguished from adults by size and the absence of a clitellum, and the adults identified.
Benham (1886a: 216, 219, 242, 1886c: 100) debated Beddard's omission of Tritogenia sulcata from the 'Microchaeta' (with no conclusion concerning its generic status mentioned), also Perrier's correction of Kinberg's 'six setae per segment' to eight setae, and commented on the absence of the clitellum in Tritogenia.
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