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Climate data is an essential tool for the study of weather induced geophysical processes like avalanches. Climate data provides on overview of normal and extreme weather conditions at a given location. This information can be used in risk analysis for the evaluation of past avalanche events and...
Stability tests are widely used to identify and qualify potential failure layers for slab avalanches. As an addition to stability test scores, researchers at the University of Calgary have been systematically classifying fractures in compression and rutschblock tests since the winter of...
Avalanche forecasting at the slope scale is an essential skill for traveling safely in avalanche terrain. Recent studies indicate that this skill is difficult for recreationists to master, and is subject to a number of persistent biases that can lead to avalanche accidents and their associated...
Determining whether the snowpack is becoming more spatially variable or uniform is important for accurate avalanche forecasts. Greater variability increases uncertainty in extrapolation and prediction. Our results offer a look at the evolution of the spatial variability of shear strength of two...
During the winters of 2003 and 2004, 29 spatial arrays consisting of a total of 705 rutschblock tests and 23 spatial arrays consisting of a total of 930 fracture propagation tests were performed in avalanche start zones in the Columbia Mountains of British Columbia. Fracture characteristics were...
This study aims to improve analytical techniques for studying stratigraphic dimensions and hardness characteristics of thin weak layers in the mountain snowpack, with particular interest to buried surface hoar layers. By determining which structural characteristics of such weak layers are...
The characterization of statistical relationships between snow avalanche occurrence and climate can be useful for avalanche prediction. We investigated the relationship between avalanche occurrences between 1978 and 2003 and meteorological parameters for 576 avalanche events from 12 avalanche...
Snowpack measurements and stability tests are, next to recent avalanche activity and weather history, currently the basis for snowpack stability assessment in most avalanche warning operations. The SnowMicroPen (SMP), a high-resolution penetrometer for snow, measures penetration resistance force...
We examined well-sintered, mid-winter snow from Mammoth Mountain, California using an environmental scanning electron microscope equipped with a cold stage. Ring-like filaments were observed at all grain boundaries in a highly sublimated, sputter-coated sample 2 days after collection, though...
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