Bāvand dynasty...and early years of the dynasty are clouded by myth and legend. The Bāvands can be divided into three distinct lines: the Kāʾūsīyeh (665– c. 1006), the Espahbadīyeh (1074–1210), and the Kīnkhvārīyeh ( c. 1238–1349).
independence from ʿAbbāsid Iran...Elburz Mountains had been a barrier against the integration of these areas into the Caliphate. Small princely families—the Bāvands, including the Kāʾūsiyyeh and the Espahbadiyyeh (665–1349), and the Musāfirids, also known as Sallārids or Kangarids (916– c. 1090)—had remained independent of the caliphal capitals, Damascus and...
relationship to Kāʾūsīyeh dynastyThe Kāʾūsīyeh branch was succeeded c. 1074 by another branch of the Bāvand dynasty known as Espahbadīyeh, which ruled in Māzandarān and Gīlān until 1210.
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