Lop Buri, also spelled Lopburi, town, south-central Thailand, north of Bangkok. Lop Buri is a rice-collecting centre situated on the Lop Buri River and on the country’s main north-south highway and railway. Founded as Lavo in the 5th–7th century, it was incorporated into the Khmer empire of Angkor in the 10th or 11th century and became an important provincial capital. It later became an active centre within the kingdom of Ayutthaya (founded 1351) and was the summer capital of the Ayutthaya king Narai (reigned 1657–88). Thereafter the town declined, and many of its buildings decayed.
One of Thailand’s major historical sites, the town retains numerous buildings from the early periods. The Prang Sam Yod (“Three-Spired Sanctuary”), the symbol of the Lop Buri region, was built by the Khmers. The Phra Narai Rachanives Palace is now a museum. The Royal Reception House was built by King Narai to receive the Chevalier de Chaumont, the first French ambassador to Thailand (1685). Other places of interest include the temple complex of Wat Phra Si Ratana Maha That (1157), the remains of the Nakhon Kosa temple, and the ruins of the 17th century Jesuit San Paolo Church.
The surrounding area is drained by the Lop Buri River, which is an eastern tributary of the Chao Phraya River. Rice is the principal crop. Pop. (2000) 54,373.