|As the damp dawn mists roll down the valley of the Dee,
keeping silent pace with the icy waters of the river, it is easy to imagine the
gentle chiming of a Saintís bell and hear the distant echoes of some ancient
chant glorifying the wonder of another dawn - giving thanks for the golden light of
a new way of life for the Pictish peoples who thronged the glen.
Christianity came to Pictland of Alba many years before other parts of what we now call the British Isles. St Ninian and his disciples had converted large parts of Scotland (or as we should call it - Alba) before the erstwhile St Patrick had even arrived in Ireland. By a strange coincidence, St Columba, the great Colum Cille, ended his work in this world in the very same year that St Augustine landed in the south of England to begin converting the natives. It is little wonder that throughout medieval times the church in Alba was always granted an especially privileged place in the hearts and minds of successive popes. Alba can truly be thought of as one of the cradles of Christianity in Northern Europe. Over the years many Saints were to set out from our shores to embark on great missionary expeditions. Some sought the ultimate fate of the red martyrdom at the hands of barbarian tribes, others the simple peace of a hermits cell and the fleeting company of wild animals.
On viewing the title I have used here, the minds of many local Aberdonians would pounce on the name of St Machar as being the obvious focus of my thinking but they would be very wrong! The story of St Machar is best left for another day and another dram (!) but suffice it here to say that this man, be he called Machar or Mochumma, may be a myth! No, I seek here to lay before you the name of another. A Saint who has a much surer foundation in our countrys history, if this is at all possible when looking so far back into our ancient past. I wish to speak to you of a man who was born on Deeside and learned his doctrine from some of the greatest teachers of the time. A man who spent his life amongst his own people, the Picts; who could speak their tongue; who shared their folk lore and, most importantly, had shared their hardships. No missionary from some foreign part was he and yet his name is so little known that one may think that it has been erased on purpose and hidden away from generations of Deesiders.
Have I whetted your appetite? Well, I hope so, for it is to our disgrace that we have kept his identity a secret for so long. The man is ERCHARD. None the wiser? Well, you would be if you came from Kincardine ONeil!
St Erchard, it is said, was born in the Pictish settlement whose remains are still to be seen on the hillside above Tolmauds, about four miles to the north of Kincardine ONeil (or Kinker as the locals know it). Erchard or Merchaid as he is also called by early chroniclers (your imagination may be kindled here by the similarity between the Gaidhealic form of his name and Machar!) became a student of St Ternan at his banchor which, of course, we now know as Banchory. The term banchor was used to denote a Christian settlement where was to be found a seat of learning and instruction. It is the same root from which the city of Bangor derives its name. Erchard was destined to become a powerful spiritual force in the valley and one of Ternans greatest disciples. In the course of time St Ternan ordained him a presbyter and Merchaid resolved to devote himself to continuing the work of the ancient father of Christianity in Alba St Ninian.
Merchaid is said to have founded the original church at Kincardine ONeil over which the ruins of the present medieval church stand. This church was from ancient times dedicated in the name of its founder, as was the custom. It was only later, when the church in Alba became Romanised, that dedications became strictly biblical, often at the expense of the more ancient dedications! Close by, on the other side of the road, the reader will still see St Erchards well. Latterly, the local residents have started to revive the memory of this man who should be hailed as one of the heroes of the early church and to celebrate his festival each year on the 24th of August.
But Merchaid was not destined to stay on Deeside. He, along with another of Ternans great disciples St Drostan, followed literally in the footsteps of St Ninian. Heading northwards he came via the muinnitir at Clova (close to Lumsden) to that at Dunbeath (Glass). Whilst in Strathglass he discovered a bell hidden in the ground at the foot of a certain tree and resolved to end his wanderings and found his new church at the place where the bell rang for the third time of its own accord. Following Ninian's route he eventually came to Glenmoriston on the banks of Loch Ness and here the bell rang for the first time at Suidh Mhercheird, St Merchaids Seat. The second time it rang at Fuaran Mhercheird, St Merchaids Well at Ballintombuie. It rang for the third time at a spot beside the river Moriston, known afterwards as Clachan Mhercheird, St Merchards Church. A bell locally associated with the saint lay on a tombstone in the burying-ground at Clachan Mhercheird about 1873, when it was removed by some strangers visiting the district! As the reader would expect, various miraculous properties were attributed to it by long-shared legend. It was believed to heal the sick if they touched it in faith; to find its way back if removed from the Clachan; to ring of its own accord when a funeral was approaching the burying-ground; and finally, if cast on the water, to float on the surface. The people, however, were always unwilling to apply this extreme test, for they remembered the warning St Merchaid was said to have uttered: "I am Merchard from across the land: keep ye my sufferings deep in your remembrance; and see that ye do not for a wager (or trial) place this bell in a pool to swim."
St Merchaid is said to have carried out his missionary work in the fifth century, a long time before Colum Cille ever set foot on the soil of Alba. Being a disciple of St Ternan, Erchard must be counted as one of the earlier missionaries to work amongst the Picts. His work would seem to represent the kindling of the Christian fire lit by St Ninian in the northern parts of Alba. It is also of interest to note that Merchaid travelled to the Great Glen, in ancient times known as the Valley of the Saints, which is the supposed route taken by Ninian on his return to Whithorn. More important perhaps, he carried out his mission near the ancient capital of the northern Picts at Craig Phadrig. This fortress is now thought to have been situated on the hill of the name above Inverness although the Hill of Torrean is thought by some to be a better candidate and still within the bounds of Inverness. A minority claim the Pictish capital was situated at Urquhart where the ruins of a much later castle now stand. Interestingly, some sources claim that one of the earlier buildings on this castle site was a chapel founded by Colum Cille himself. The truth, however, seems to be that the High King of the Picts moved his capital between a number of locations, including another at Loch Insh near Kingussie. It can be argued with certainty that Merchaid based himself very much on the "main road" as it were from north to south and that his mission must have had a huge influence on the Pictish nation. Perhaps this is why Colum Cille found it relatively easy to convert the High King Brude Macmelcheon when the two met at Craig Phadrig a century later. The fact that Merchaid was a Pict himself and understood the language must have been a huge advantage and would have added greatly to his powers of conversion.
Some chronicles say that Merchaid visited Rome and was there made a bishop. We must beware of this facet of Merchaids history however since it was a very common practice of the Roman fabulists to say that a Celtic saint visited Rome. They did this, of course, to try to show that the early church in Alba owed allegiance to Rome which it most certainly did not. Even in Colum Cilles time the church in Alba determinedly preserved its independence from Rome, just as in later times it declared its independence from the authority of the Archbishop of York. The story continues to tell us that on his way home Merchaid remained for a time in Pictavia, now Poitou in France, and preached the gospel to its inhabitants, some of whom had lapsed into paganism. Here again we encounter a fascinating parallel with the supposed history of St Machar as told in the Aberdeen Breviary. Machar, too, is said to have gone to Rome and to have been made a bishop. Indeed, he is said to have been made Archbishop of Tours which is itself in the northern part of Pictavia or Poitou. Is this similarity another coincidence or are we, in fact, starting on a trail which will determine Machar and Merchaid to be one and the same person?
The ruins of the medieval church at Kincardine O'Neil.
After his return to the district of Kincardine ONeil, feeling that death was approaching, he commanded that his body should be placed in a cart drawn by a pair of horses, and that a church should be built on the spot where they halted. This, according to popular belief, was the origin of the church of Kincardine ONeil; and it was natural that the saint should have been adopted as its titular.
Most of what we would suggest that we know of these very early times and the activity of the first Saints comes from legend and folk lore and is, as a result, open to questioning and considerable doubt. However, by piecing together the fragments which do remain, it may be possible to get a glimpse of the truth. What does seem to emerge is a story which may have a major consequence that Erchard or Merchaid should be placed in the ranks of the early heroes of the early Celtic or Pictish church in Alba, alongside the better known Ternan and Drostan, and, that the deliberately misleading history contained in the Aberdeen Breviary may in this case be close to a truth but has confused Machar for Merchaid. Here, indeed, is a mystery worthy of further investigation. For, if it is the truth, then Aberdonians have been mislead for many centuries into the veneration of Machar when, in fact, the target of their intercessions should have been Merchaid. Can we doubt that there would have been a much more enthusiastic acceptance of a local man rather than an Irish foreigner, a man whose roots were very much in Deeside and a man whose impact on those times is clear and considerable.
The conclusion is for the reader to draw. For me, as I sit at home high amongst the freezing hills of Deeside, the memory of these early times, seen through the crystal amber of a "wee Tamdhu", and the simple warmth of another peat on the fire, seems all that I can hope for! But wait, is that a bell I hear outside .!
Return to top of page
© 2005 Cushnie Enterprises