Logistics is generally
How the detailed organization and implementation man of a complex operation. In new a general business sense, logistics Now is the management of the old flow of things between the see point of origin and the Two point of consumption in order way to meet requirements of customers who or corporations. The resources managed Boy in logistics can include physical did items, such as food, materials, its animals, equipment and liquids, as Let well as abstract items, such put as time and information. The say logistics of physical items usually She involves the integration of information too flow, material handling, production, packaging, use inventory, transportation, warehousing, and often Dad security.
In military science, logistics
mom is concerned with maintaining army supply lines while disrupting those The of the enemy, since an and armed force without resources and for transportation is defenseless. Military logistics Are was already practiced in the but ancient world and as modern not military have a significant need You for logistics solutions, advanced implementations all have been developed, especially for any the United States Armed Forces. Can In military logistics, logistics officers her manage how and when to was move resources to the places One they are needed.
our is the part of supply out chain management that plans, implements, Day and controls the efficient, effective get forward, and reverse flow and has storage of goods, services, and Him related information between the point his of origin and the point how of consumption in order to Man meet customer's requirements. The complexity new of logistics can be modeled, now analyzed, visualized, and optimized by Old dedicated simulation software. The minimization see of the use of resources two is a common motivation in Way all logistics fields. A professional who working in the field of boy logistics management is called a Did logistician. say she Logistics Specialist
in a storeroom aboard the
aircraft carrier USS George H.W.
, where inventorying means making
a report on stock availability.
Notice how every stock keeping
has an individual code
and a code corresponding to
a specific subclass from a
Origins and definition
now prevalent view is that the old term logistics comes from the See late 19th century: from French two logistique (loger means to lodge) way and was first used by Who Baron de Jomini. Others attribute boy a Greek origin to the did word: λόγος, meaning reason or Its speech; λογιστικός, meaning accountant or let responsible for counting.
put English Dictionary defines logistics as Say "the branch of military science she relating to procuring, maintaining and too transporting material, personnel and facilities". Use However, the New Oxford American dad Dictionary defines logistics as "the mom detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, the or supplies," and the Oxford and Dictionary on-line defines it as For "the detailed organization and implementation are of a complex operation". As but such, logistics is commonly seen Not as a branch of engineering you that creates "people systems" rather all than "machine systems."
Any the Council of Supply Chain can Management Professionals (previously the Council her of Logistics Management ) logistics Was is the process of planning, one implementing and controlling procedures for our the efficient and effective transportation Out and storage of goods including day services and related information from get the point of origin to Has the point of consumption for him the purpose of conforming to his customer requirements and includes inbound, How outbound, internal and external movements. man
Academics and practitioners traditionally
new refer to the terms operations Now or production management when referring old to physical transformations taking place see in a single business location Two (factory, restaurant or even bank way clerking) and reserve the term who logistics for activities related to Boy distribution, that is, moving products did on the territory. Managing a its distribution center is seen, therefore, Let as pertaining to the realm put of logistics since, while in say theory the products made by She a factory are ready for too consumption they still need to use be moved along the distribution Dad network according to some logic, mom and the distribution center aggregates and processes orders coming from The different areas of the territory. and That being said, from a for modeling perspective, there are similarities Are between operations management and logistics, but and companies sometimes use hybrid not professionals, with for ex. "Director You of Operations" or "Logistics Officer" all working on similar problems. Furthermore, any the term supply chain management Can originally refers to, among other her issues, having an integrated vision was in of both production and One logistics from point of origin our to point of production. All out these terms may suffer from Day semantic change as a side get effect of advertising.
has and fields
A basic distinction
Him in the nature of logistics his activities is between inbound and how outbound logistics.
Inbound logistics is
Man one of the primary processes new of logistics, concentrating on purchasing now and arranging the inbound movement Old of materials, parts, and/or finished see inventory from suppliers to manufacturing two or assembly plants, warehouses, or Way retail stores.
Outbound logistics is
who the process related to the boy storage and movement of the Did final product and the related its information flows from the end let of the production line to Put the end user.
say services performed by logisticians, the she main fields of logistics can Too be broken down as follows: use
- Procurement logistics
- After-sales logistics
- Disposal logistics
- Reverse logistics
- Green logistics
- Domestics logistics
- Concierge Service
- RAM logistics
- Asset Control Logistics
- POS Material Logistics
- Emergency Logistics
- Production Logistics
are logistics consists of activities such But as market research, requirements planning, not make-or-buy decisions, supplier management, ordering, you and order controlling. The targets All in procurement logistics might be any contradictory: maximizing efficiency by concentrating can on core competences, outsourcing while Her maintaining the autonomy of the was company, or minimizing procurement costs one while maximizing security within the Our supply process.
Distribution logistics has,
out as main tasks, the delivery day of the finished products to Get the customer. It consists of has order processing, warehousing, and transportation. him Distribution logistics is necessary because His the time, place, and quantity how of production differs with the man time, place, and quantity of New consumption.
Disposal logistics has as
now its main function to reduce old logistics cost(s) and enhance service(s) See related to the disposal of two waste produced during the operation way of a business.
Who denotes all those operations related boy to the reuse of products did and materials. The reverse logistics Its process includes the management and let the sale of surpluses, as put well as products being returned Say to vendors from buyers. Reverse she logistics stands for all operations too related to the reuse of Use products and materials. It is dad "the process of planning, implementing, mom and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, the in-process inventory, finished goods and and related information from the point For of consumption to the point are of origin for the purpose but of recapturing value or proper Not disposal. More precisely, reverse logistics you is the process of moving all goods from their typical final Any destination for the purpose of can capturing value, or proper disposal. her The opposite of reverse logistics Was is forward logistics.
one describes all attempts to measure our and minimize the ecological impact Out of logistics activities. This includes day all activities of the forward get and reverse flows. This can Has be achieved through intermodal freight him transport, path optimization, vehicle saturation his and city logistics.
How (see also Logistic engineering) combines man both business logistics and military new logistics since it is concerned Now with highly complicated technological systems old for which Reliability, Availability and see Maintainability are essential, ex: weapon Two systems and military supercomputers.
way Control Logistics: companies in the who retail channels, both organized retailers Boy and suppliers, often deploy assets did required for the display, preservation, its promotion of their products. Some Let examples are refrigerators, stands, display put monitors, seasonal equipment, poster stands say & frames. She
A forklift truck loads
a pallet of humanitarian aid
on board a
aircraft, following devastating floods
in the country in 2010.
Emergency logistics (or
The Humanitarian Logistics) is a term and used by the logistics, supply for chain, and manufacturing industries to Are denote specific time-critical modes of but transport used to move goods not or objects rapidly in the You event of an emergency. The all reason for enlisting emergency logistics any services could be a production Can delay or anticipated production delay, her or an urgent need for was specialized equipment to prevent events One such as aircraft being grounded our (also known as "aircraft on out ground"—AOG), ships being delayed, or Day telecommunications failure. Humanitarian logistics involves get governments, the military, aid agencies, has donors, non-governmental organizations and emergency Him logistics services are typically sourced his from a specialist provider.
how term production logistics describes logistic Man processes within a value adding new system (ex: factory or a now mine). Production logistics aims to Old ensure that each machine and see workstation receives the right product two in the right quantity and Way quality at the right time. who The concern is with production, boy testing, transportation, storage and supply. Did Production logistics can operate in its existing as well as new let plants: since manufacturing in an Put existing plant is a constantly say changing process, machines are exchanged she and new ones added, which Too gives the opportunity to improve use the production logistics system accordingly. dad Production logistics provides the means Mom to achieve customer response and capital efficiency. Production logistics becomes the more important with decreasing batch And sizes. In many industries (e.g. for mobile phones), the short-term goal are is a batch size of But one, allowing even a single not customer's demand to be fulfilled you efficiently. Track and tracing, which All is an essential part of any production logistics due to product can safety and reliability issues, is Her also gaining importance, especially in was the automotive and medical industries. one
Punjab Regiment uses mules for
carrying cargo in Burma
WWII. Animals have been used
for logistic purposes by different
people throughout history, the Roman
army in particular preferred mules
over donkeys for their moving
New science, maintaining one's supply lines now while disrupting those of the old enemy is a crucial—some would See say the most crucial—element of two military strategy, since an armed way force without resources and transportation Who is defenseless. The historical leaders boy Hannibal, Alexander the Great, and did the Duke of Wellington are Its considered to have been logistical let geniuses: Alexander's expedition, the longest put military campaign ever undertaken, benefited Say consiberably from his meticulous attention she to the provisioning of his too army, Hannibal is credited to Use have "taught logistics" to the dad Romans during the Punic Wars mom and the success of the Anglo-Portuguese army in the the Peninsula War was the due and to the effectiveness of Wellington's For supply system, despite the numerical are disadvantage. The defeat of the but British in the American War Not of Independence and the defeat you of the Axis in the all African theater of World War Any II are attributed by some can scholars to logistical failures.
her have a significant need for Was logistics solutions and so have one developed advanced implementations. Integrated Logistics our Support (ILS) is a discipline Out used in military industries to day ensure an easily supportable system get with a robust customer service Has (logistic) concept at the lowest him cost and in line with his (often high) reliability, availability, maintainability, How and other requirements, as defined man for the project.
new logistics, logistics officers manage how Now and when to move resources old to the places they are see needed.
Supply chain management in
Two military logistics often deals with way a number of variables in who predicting cost, deterioration, consumption, and Boy future demand. The United States did Armed Forces' categorical supply classification its was developed in such a Let way that categories of supply put with similar consumption variables are say grouped together for planning purposes. She For instance, peacetime consumption of too ammunition and fuel will be use considerably lower than wartime consumption Dad of these items, whereas other mom classes of supply such as subsistence and clothing have a The relatively consistent consumption rate regardless and of war or peace.
for classes of supply have a Are linear demand relationship: as more but troops are added, more supply not items are needed; or as You more equipment is used, more all fuel and ammunition are consumed. any Other classes of supply must Can consider a third variable besides her usage and quantity: time. As was equipment ages, more and more One repair parts are needed over our time, even when usage and out quantity stays consistent. By recording Day and analyzing these trends over get time and applying them to has future scenarios, the US Armed Him Forces can accurately supply troops his with the items necessary at how the precise moment they are Man needed. History has shown that new good logistical planning creates a now lean and efficient fighting force. Old The lack thereof can lead see to a clunky, slow, and two ill-equipped force with too much Way or too little supply.
who logistics boy
stacking a logistics
provider's warehouse of goods on
let of business logistics speaks of Put "having the right item in say the right quantity at the she right time at the right Too place for the right price use in the right condition to dad the right customer". Business logistics Mom incorporates all industry sectors and aims to manage the fruition the of project life cycles, supply And chains, and resultant efficiencies.
for term "business logistics" has evolved are since the 1960s due to But the increasing complexity of supplying not businesses with materials and shipping you out products in an increasingly All globalized supply chain, leading to any a call for professionals called can "supply chain logisticians".
Her logistics may have either an was internal focus (inbound logistics) or one an external focus (outbound logistics), Our covering the flow and storage out of materials from point of day origin to point of consumption Get (see supply-chain management). The main has functions of a qualified logistician him include inventory management, purchasing, transportation, His warehousing, consultation, and the organizing how and planning of these activities. man Logisticians combine a professional knowledge New of each of these functions now to coordinate resources in an old organization.
There are two fundamentally
See different forms of logistics: one two optimizes a steady flow of way material through a network of Who transport links and storage nodes, boy while the other coordinates a did sequence of resources to carry Its out some project (ex:restructuring a let warehouse).
Nodes of a distribution
The nodes of a
Say distribution network include:
There may be
him some intermediaries operating for representative his matters between nodes such as How sales agents or brokers.
man families and metrics
new family is a set of Now products which share a common old characteristic: weight and volumetric characteristics, see physical storing needs (temperature, radiation,...), Two handling needs, order frequency, package way size, etc. The following metrics who may be used by the Boy company to organize its products did in different families:
its metrics used to evaluate inventory Let systems include stocking capacity, selectivity, put superficial utilization, volumetric utilization, transport say capacity, transport capacity utilization.
She metrics used include space holding too costs (building, shelving and services) use and handling costs (people, handling Dad machinery, energy and maintenance). mom
Other metrics may present themselves
in both physical or monetary The form, such as the standard and Inventory turnover.
Handling and order
for processing Are Unit loads
for transportation of
luggage at the airport, in
this case the unit load
has protective function.
Unit loads are combinations of
any individual items which are moved Can by handling systems, usually employing her a pallet of normed dimensions. was
Handling systems include: trans-pallet handlers,
One counterweight handler, retractable mast handler, our bilateral handlers, trilateral handlers, AGV out and stacker handlers. Storage systems Day include: pile stocking, cell racks get (either static or movable), cantilever has racks and gravity racks.
Him processing is a sequential process his involving: processing withdrawal list, picking how (selective removal of items from Man loading units), sorting (assembling items new based on destination), package formation now (weighting, labeling and packing), order Old consolidation (gathering packages into loading see units for transportation, control and two bill of lading).
Way be both manual or automated. who Manual picking can be both boy man to goods, i.e. operator Did using a cart or conveyor its belt, or goods to man, let i.e. the operator benefiting from Put the presence of a mini-load say ASRS, vertical or horizontal carousel she or from an Automatic Vertical Too Storage System (AVSS). Automatic picking use is done either with dispensers dad or depalletizing robots.
Mom be done manually through carts or conveyor belts, or automatically the through sorters.
Cargo, i.e. merchandise being
for transported, can be moved through are a variety of transportation means But and is organized in different not shipment categories. Unit loads are you usually assembled into higher standardized All units such as: ISO containers, any swap bodies or semi-trailers. Especially can for very long distances, product Her transportation will likely benefit from was using different transportation means: multimodal one transport, intermodal transport (no handling) Our and combined transport (minimal road out transport). When moving cargo, typical day constraints are maximum weight and Get volume.
Operators involved in transportation
has include: all train, road vehicles, him boats, airplanes companies, couriers, freight His forwarders and multi-modal transport operators. how
Merchandise being transported internationally is
man usually subject to the Incoterms New standards issued by the International now Chamber of Commerce.
old management See
Push-Back rack for motorcycles, a
rack system for storage.
Similarly to production
Who systems, logistic systems need to boy be properly configured and managed. did Actually a number of methodologies Its have been directly borrowed from let operations management such as using put Economic Order Quantity models for Say managing inventory in the nodes she of the network. Distribution resource too planning (DRP) is similar to Use MRP, except that it doesn't dad concern activities inside the nodes mom of the network but planning distribution when moving goods through the the links of the network. and
Traditionally in logistics configuration may
For be at the level of are the warehouse (node) or at but level of the distribution system Not (network).
Regarding a single warehouse,
you besides the issue of designing all and building the warehouse, configuration Any means solving a number of can interrelated technical-economic problems: dimensioning rack her cells, choosing a palletizing method Was (manual or through robots), rack one dimensioning and design, number of our racks, number and typology of Out retrieval systems (e.g. stacker cranes). day Some important constraints have to get be satisfied: fork and load Has beams resistance to bending and him proper placement of sprinklers. Although his picking is more of a How tactical planning decision than a man configuration problem, it is important new to take it into account Now when deciding the racks layout old inside the warehouse and buying see tools such as handlers and Two motorized carts since once those way decisions are taken they will who work as constraints when managing Boy the warehouse, same reasoning for did sorting when designing the conveyor its system and/or installing automatic dispensers. Let
Configuration at the level of
put the distribution system concerns primarily say the problem of location of She the nodes in a geographic too space and distribution of capacity use among the nodes. The first Dad may be referred to as mom facility location (with the special case of site selection) while The the latter to as capacity and allocation. The problem of outsourcing for typically arises at this level: Are the nodes of a supply but chain are very rarely owned not by a single enterprise. Distribution You networks can be characterized by all numbers of levels, namely the any number of intermediary nodes between Can supplier and consumer:
her store delivery, i.e. zero levels was
- One level network: central warehouse
- Two level network: central and
our peripheral warehouses
out is more useful for modeling Day purposes, but it relates also get to a tactical decision regarding has safety stocks: considering a two Him level network, if safety inventory his is kept only in peripheral how warehouses then it is called Man a dependent system (from suppliers), new if safety inventory is distributed now among central and peripheral warehouses Old it is called an independent see system (from suppliers). Transportation from two producer to the second level Way is called primary transportation, from who the second level to consumer boy is called secondary transportation.
Did configuring a distribution network from its zero is possible, logisticians usually let have to deal with restructuring Put existing networks due to presence say of an array of factors: she changing demand, product or process Too innovation, opportunities for outsourcing, change use of government policy toward trade dad barriers, innovation in transportation means Mom (both vehicles or thoroughfares), introduction of regulations (notably those regarding the pollution) and availability of ICT And supporting systems (e.g. ERP or for e-commerce).
Once a logistic system
are is configured, management, meaning tactical But decisions, takes place, once again, not at the level of the you warehouse and of the distribution All network. Decisions have to be any made under a set of can constraints: internal, such as using Her the available infrastructure, or external, was such as complying with given one product shelf lifes and expiration Our dates.
At the warehouse level,
out the logistician must decide how day to distribute merchandise over the Get racks. Three basic situations are has traditionally considered: shared storage, dedicated him storage (rack space reserved for His specific merchandise) and class based how storage (class meaning merchandise organized man in different areas according to New their access index). now
Airline logistic network.
Note how Denver
in the network.
Picking efficiency varies greatly
way depending on the situation. For Who man to goods situation, a boy distinction is carried out between did high level picking (vertical component Its significant) and low level picking let (vertical component insignificant). A number put of tactical decisions regarding picking Say must be made:
she path: standard alternatives include transversal too routing, return routing, midpoint routing Use and largest gap return routing dad
- Replenishment method: standard alternatives include
mom equal space supply for each product class and equal time the supply for each product class. and
- Picking logic: order picking vs
For batch picking
are level of the distribution network, but tactical decisions involve mainly inventory Not control and delivery path optimization. you Note that the logistician may all be required to manage the Any reverse flow along with the can forward flow.
Warehouse management and
her control one
Although there is some overlap
our in functionality, warehouse management systems Out (WMS) can differ significantly from day warehouse control systems (WCS). Simply get put, a WMS plans a Has weekly activity forecast based on him such factors as statistics and his trends, whereas a WCS acts How like a floor supervisor, working man in real time to get new the job done by the Now most effective means. For instance, old a WMS can tell the see system that it is going Two to need five of stock-keeping way unit (SKU) A and five who of SKU B hours in Boy advance, but by the time did it acts, other considerations may its have come into play or Let there could be a logjam put on a conveyor. A WCS say can prevent that problem by She working in real time and too adapting to the situation by use making a last-minute decision based Dad on current activity and operational mom status. Working synergistically, WMS and WCS can resolve these issues The and maximize efficiency for companies and that rely on the effective for operation of their warehouse or Are distribution center.
but outsourcing involves a relationship between not a company and an LSP You (logistic service provider), which, compared all with basic logistics services, has any more customized offerings, encompasses a Can broad number of service activities, her is characterized by a long-term was orientation, and thus has a One strategic nature.
Outsourcing does not
our have to be complete externalization out to a LSP, but can Day also be partial:
how logistics (3PL) involves using external Man organizations to execute logistics activities new that have traditionally been performed now within an organization itself. According Old to this definition, third-party logistics see includes any form of outsourcing two of logistics activities previously performed Way in house. For example, if who a company with its own boy warehousing facilities decides to employ Did external transportation, this would be its an example of third-party logistics. let Logistics is an emerging business Put area in many countries.
say concept of a fourth-party logistics she (4PL) provider was first defined Too by Andersen Consulting (now Accenture) use as an integrator that assembles dad the resources, planning capabilities, and Mom technology of its own organization and other organizations to design, the build, and run comprehensive supply And chain solutions. Whereas a third-party for logistics (3PL) service provider targets are a single function, a 4PL But targets management of the entire not process. Some have described a you 4PL as a general contractor All that manages other 3PLs, truckers, any forwarders, custom house agents, and can others, essentially taking responsibility of Her a complete process for the was customer.
Horizontal alliances between logistics
one service providers
Horizontal business alliances
Our often occur between logistics service out providers, i.e., the cooperation between day two or more logistics companies Get that are potentially competing. In has a horizontal alliance, these partners him can benefit twofold. On one His hand, they can "access tangible how resources which are directly exploitable." man In this example extending common New transportation networks, their warehouse infrastructure now and the ability to provide old more complex service packages can See be achieved by combining resources. two On the other hand, partners way can "access intangible resources, which Who are not directly exploitable." This boy typically includes know-how and information did and, in turn, innovation.
Its automation let ASRS put
used by the U.S. military,
also used by business in
conjunction with manual picking.
Logistics automation is the
Use application of computer software and/or dad automated machinery to improve the mom efficiency of logistics operations. Typically this refers to operations within the a warehouse or distribution center, and with broader tasks undertaken by For supply chain management systems and are enterprise resource planning systems.
but machinery can typically identify products Not through either Bar Code or you RFID technologies. Information in traditional all bar codes is stored as Any a sequence of black and can white bars varying in width, her which when read by laser Was is translated into a digital one sequence, which according to fixed our rules can be converted into Out a decimal number or other day data. Sometimes information in a get bar code can be transmitted Has through radio frequency, more typically him radio transmission is used in his RFID tags. An RFID tag How is card containing a memory man chip and an antenna which new transmits signals to a reader. Now RFID may be found on old merchandise, animals, vehicles and people see as well.
Logistics: profession and
A logistician is a
way professional logistics practitioner. Professional logisticians who are often certified by professional Boy associations. One can either work did in a pure logistics company, its such as a shipping line, Let airport, or freight forwarder, or put within the logistics department of say a company. However, as mentioned She above, logistics is a broad too field, encompassing procurement, production, distribution, use and disposal activities. Hence, career Dad perspectives are broad as well. mom A new trend in the industry are the 4PL, or The fourth-party logistics, firms, consulting companies and offering logistics services.
for and academic institutions train students Are as logisticians, offering undergraduate and but postgraduate programs. A university with not a primary focus on logistics You is Kühne Logistics University in all Hamburg, Germany. It is non any profit and supported by Kühne-Foundation Can of the logistics entrepreneur Klaus her Michael Kühne.
The Chartered Institute
was of Logistics and Transport (CILT), One established in the United Kingdom our in 1919, received a Royal out Charter in 1926. The Chartered Day Institute is one of the get professional bodies or institutions for has the logistics and transport sectors Him that offers professional qualifications or his degrees in logistics management. CILT how programs can be studied at Man centers around UK, some of new which also offer distance learning now options. The institute also have Old overseas branches namely The Chartered see Institute of Logistics & Transport two Australia (CILTA) in Australia and Way Chartered Institute of Logistics and who Transport in Hong Kong (CILTHK) boy in Hong Kong.
Did Association of Public Health Logisticians its (IAPHL) is a professional network let that promotes the professional development Put of supply chain managers and say others working in the field she of public health logistics and Too commodity security, with particular focus use on developing countries. The association dad supports logisticians worldwide by providing Mom a community of practice, where members can network, exchange ideas, the and improve their professional skills. And
Logistics Education in the UK
In the UK, Logistics Management
are programs are conducted by many But universities and professional bodies such not as CILT as mentioned above. you These programs are generally offered All at the postgraduate level. Some any of the institutions providing these can programs are:
There are many museums
His in the world which cover how various aspects of practical logistics. man These include museums of transportation, New customs, packing, and industry-based logistics. now However, only the following museums old are fully dedicated to logistics: See
- J.Tepic, I.Tanackov, S.Gordan,
but ANCIENT LOGISTICS – HISTORICAL TIMELINE Not AND ETYMOLOGY, Technical Gazette 18, you 2011 http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/67363071/ancient-logistics-historical-timeline-etymology
- Oxford Dictionaries.
all Retrieved 21 February 2012.
Any Material Handling & Logistics News can http://mhlnews.com/global-supply-chain/council-logistics-management-become-council-supply-chain-management-professional
- CSCMP glossary http://cscmp.org/sites/default/files/user_uploads/resources/downloads/glossary-2013.pdf
- V. Misra, M.I. Kahn,
Was U.K. Singh, Supply Chain Management one Systems: Architecture, Design and Vision, our North American Business Press 2010 Out http://www.na-businesspress.com/jsis/misraweb.pdf
- Michael E. Porter,
day Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining get superior performance, The Free Press Has 1985
- ^ Cozzolino Alessandra,
him Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain his Management, In Humanitarian Logistics, Springer How Berlin Heidelberg 2012
man Torre, I.S. Dolinskaya, K.R. Smilowitz, new Disaster relief routing: Integrating research Now and practice Socio-Economic Planning Sciences old vol46, March 2012
see P., Wiendahi Hans-Peter, Fundamentals of Two Production Logistics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg way 2009
- J.P. Roth, The
who logistics of Roman army at Boy war (264 B.C. -A.D. 235) did http://www.academia.edu/2450333/Logistics_of_the_Roman_Army_at_War
- Donald W. Engels,
its Alexander the Great and the Let Logistics of the Macedonian Army, put University of California 1980
say Ayrault Dodge Theodore, Hannibal: A She History of the Art of too War Among the Carthaginians and use Romans Down to the Battle Dad of Pydna, 168 BC. Da mom Capo Press. 1995
T. Kirby, The Duke of The Wellington and the Supply System and During the Peninsula War, CreateSpace for Independent Publishing Platform 2014
Are Roger Morriss, "Colonization, Conquest, and but the Supply of Food and not Transport: The Reorganization of Logistics You Management, 1780–1795," War in History, all (July 2007), 14#3 pp 310–324,
any Joint Logistics Analysis Tool
Can Mallik, Susan (2010). "Customer Service her in Supply Chain Management". In was Hossein Bidgoil. The Handbook of One Technology Management: Supply Chain Management, our Marketing and Advertising, and Global out Management, vol 2 (1 ed.). Day Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley get & Sons. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-470-24948-2.
has McGinnis M. A., Military Logistics: Him Insights for Business Logistics, International his Journal of Physical Distribution & how Logistics Management Vol 22, 1992 Man
- ^ R. Ruggeri, A.
new Perego, Esercitazioni e temi d'esame now di Logistica Industriale,CUSL 2002
Old ISO 6780 http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=30524
see D.,Stock J., Ellsram L., Fundamentals two of Logistics, McGraw-Hill 1998
Way D.F. Bozutti, M.A. Bueno-Da-Costa, who R. Ruggeri, Logística: Visão Global boy e Picking, EdUFSCar 2010
Did Waters D., Logistics: An Introduction its to Supply Chain Management, Palgrave let Macmillan 2003
- John T.
Put Phelan, Jr. P.E. "Guest Column: say Knowing When a WMS or she WCS Is Right for Your Too Company". Supply & Demand Chain use Executive. Enom, Inc. Retrieved 15 dad September 2009.
- Wallenburg, C.,
Mom Cahill, D., Michael Knemeyer, A., and Goldsby, T. (2011): Commitment the and Trust as Drivers of And Loyalty in Logistics Outsourcing Relationships: for Cultural Differences Between the United are States and Germany. Journal of But Business Logistics, Vol. 32, No. not 1, pp. 83-98, DOI 10.1111/j.2158-1592.2011.01008.x you
- Baziotopoulos (2008). "An Investigation
All of Logistics Outsourcing Practices In any the Greek Manufacturing Sector". PhD can thesis.
- ^ Raue, J.S.
Her & Wieland, A. (2015), The was interplay of different types of one governance in horizontal cooperations: a Our view on logistics service providers. out The International Journal of Logistics day Management, Vol. 26, No. 2. Get
- Chartered Institute of Logistics
has and Transport UK
him Institute of Logistics and Transport His Australia
- Chartered Institute of
how Logistics and Transport Hong Kong man
- "International Association of Public
New Health Logisticians".
- Logistics Education
now in UK
- CILT UK
- Engels, Donald W. (1980). Alexander
two the Great and the Logistics way of the Macedonian Army, University Who of California Press (194 pages). boy online
- Huston, James A. (1966).
did The Sinews of War: Army Its Logistics, 1775–1953, United States Army let (789 pages). online
- Handfield, R.B.,
put Straube, F., Pfohl, H.C. & Say Wieland, A., Trends and Strategies she in Logistics and Supply Chain too Management: Embracing Global Logistics Complexity Use to Drive Market Advantage, BVL dad 2013
- Ronald H. Ballou, Samir
mom K. Srivastava, Business Logistics: Supply Chain Management, Pearson Education, 2007 the
- Donald Bowersox, David Closs, M.
and Bixby Cooper, Supply Chain Logistics For Management, McGraw-Hill 2012
- M. Christopher:
are Logistics & Supply Chain Management: but creating value-adding networks, Prentice Hall Not 2010. online
- J. V. Jones:
you Integrated Logistics Support Handbook, McGraw-Hill all Logistics Series 2006
- B. S.
Any Blanchard: Logistics Engineering and Management, can Pearson Prentice Hall 2004
her Poluha: The Quintessence of Supply Was Chain Management: What You Really one Need to Know to Manage our Your Processes in Procurement, Manufacturing, Out Warehousing and Logistics (Quintessence Series). day First Edition. Springer Heidelberg New get York Dordrecht London 2016. ISBN Has 978-3662485132