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BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH TO EXPLAINING PHOBIAS (no evaluation)
Terms in this set (3)
WHAT IS THE 2 PROCESS MODEL?
MOWER 1960- proposed 2 process model based on behavioural approach to phobias. this states that phobias are acquired (learned in first place) by classical conditioning and continue because of operant conditioning.
WATSON + RAYNER 1920- created phobia in Little Albert, who showed no unusual anxiety at start of study.
he was shown a white rat and tried to play with it.
to install the phobia, the researchers made a loud banging noise which frightened little albert every time the rat came close to him.
the noise was the unconditioned stimulus, which created unconditioned response of fear
when the neutral stimulus rat and unconditioned response of fear were paired together it created conditioned response from fear of the rat.
this then generalised to similar objects like a cotton ball, rabbit and a fur coat, all of which little albert displayed fear towards
MAINTENENCE BY OPERANT CONDITIONING
operant conditioning takes place when behaviour is reinforced (rewarded) or punished. this tends to increase the frequency of the behaviour.
negative reinforcement- individual avoids a situation that is unpleasant- this results in desirable 'comfort' which will be repeated
Mowrer- when we avoid phobic stimulus we also escape fear and anxiety, this reduction in fear reinforces the avoidance of the phobic stimulus
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