Chewing gum is a type of gum traditionally made of chicle, a natural latex product, or synthetic rubber known as polyisobutylene, which is a non-vulcanisable form of the butyl rubber (isoprene-isobutylene) used for inner tubes or to line tubeless tires. For reasons of economy and quality, many modern chewing gums use rubber instead of chicle. Chicle is nonetheless still the base of choice for some regional markets, such as in Japan.
Raw materials:The approximate manufacturing methods are fairly constant between brands. The gum base is melted at a temperature of about 115 °C (239 °F), until it has the viscosity of thick maple syrup, then filtered through a fine mesh screen. Then it is further refined by separating dissolved particles in a centrifuge, and further filtered. Clear base, still hot and melted, is then put into mixing vats. Other ingredients that may be added include: powdered sugar (the amount and grain size of which determines the brittleness of the resulting gum), corn syrup and/or glucose (which serve as humectants and coat the sugar particles to stabilize their suspension and keep the gum flexible), various softeners, food colourings, flavourings, preservatives and other additives.
Uses:Sugar-free gum sweetened with xylitol has been shown to reduce cavities and plaque.The sweetener sorbitol has the same benefit, but is only about one third as effective as xylitol.Xylitol is specific in its inhibition of mutans streptococci, bacteria that are significant contributors to tooth decay.