Hello, and thanks for the question.
The period of the Peloponnesian War saw:
Thucydides write his History of the Peloponnesian War.
Hope this helps!
Answers are as follows:
2. controlled all of the Middle East.
5. diplomacy, strategic fortifications, road construction, and allied military support.
6. Chandragupta (posted this one twice)
7. Council of the Indies.
8. successfully survived the Spanish armada.
9. Jahangir and Shah Jahan.