Creator: P.S. Duval and Son
Context: This lithograph of the Citizens Volunteer Hospital in Philadelphia appeared in the midst of the Civil War, when many women in both the North and the South were entering new fields (such as nursing) in order to contribute to the Union and Confederate war efforts.
Audience: Supporters of the Union cause and perhaps women who might be persuaded to volunteer as nurses.
Purpose: To celebrate the work of the Citizens Volunteer Hospital during the Civil War.
Historical Significance: This lithograph portrays nursing as an extension of the traditional roles of motherhood, making women's new role as army nurses seem more socially acceptable.