Poison-hemlock-ringspot virus and its transmission by aphids to celery
AuthorsJulius H. Freitag
Henry H. P. Severin
Authors AffiliationsJulius H. Freitag was Assistant Professor of Entomology and Assistant Entomologist in the Experiment Station; Henry H. P. Severin was Entomologist in the Experiment Station.
Hilgardia 16(8):387-410. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v16n08p387. March 1945.
Abstract does not appear. First page follows.
During an attempt to find a weed reservoir of the western celery mosaic, another virus affecting celery was recovered from one of the weeds tested. Poison hemlock, Conium maculatum L., a common umbelliferous weed, was often found naturally infected with a ringspot virus. The symptoms of ring-spot on celery have been described briefly in a previous paper (Severin and Freitag, 1938).4 Celery plants showing symptoms resembling ringspot were collected in celery fields on several occasions, but attempts to recover virus from these apparently naturally infected plants have failed. The ringspot virus occurs commonly on poison hemlock in the Santa Clara, San Benito, Salinas, and Sacramento valleys of California.
Experiments were undertaken during 1936 to determine the symptoms, host range, and insect vectors of the poison-hemlock-ringspot virus. Various phases of its transmission by aphids were studied, including the relative importance of the different species as vectors, transmission during short feeding periods, retention of the virus by aphids, loss and recovery of infectivity by aphids on celery, and ability of aphids to acquire virus from plants after infection. Experiments were conducted on mechanical transmission of the virus.
A number of virus diseases that produced ringspot symptoms have been described on the following host plants:
Tobacco: (Fromme, Wingard, and Priode (1927)); (Henderson and Wingard (1931)); (J. Johnson (1936)); (E. M. Johnson (1930)); (Price (1936)); (Priode (1928)); (Valleau (1932)); (Wingard (1928))
Potato: (Burnett and Jones (1931)); (J. Johnson (1925); (J. H. Smith (1928); (K. M. Smith (1929), (1931); (Valleau and Johnson (1930))
Tomato: (Bald and Samuel (1931)); (Gardner, Tompkins, and Whipple (1935)); (Samuel, Bald, and Pittman (1930)); (K. M. Smith (1932))
Delphinium: (Burnett (1934)); (Valleau (1932))
Clover: (Henderson (1934)); (E. M. Johnson (1933))
Rose: (Nelson (1930)); (White (1930))
Sugar beet: (Hoggan (1933))
Hyoscyamus niger L.: (Hamilton (1932))
Cabbage: (Tompkins, Gardner, and Thomas (1938))
Dahlia: (Brierley (1933))
Plum and peach: (Valleau (1932))
Peony: (Whetzel (1915))
(Johnson and Valleau (1935)) reviewed the literature on virus diseases causing ringspot symptoms, but without mentioning anyvirus that causes chlorotic or necrotic ring and line patterns on celery.
Bald J. G., Samuel G. Investigations on spotted wilt of tomatoes. Austral. Council Sci. &; Indus. Res., Bul. 1931. 54:1-24.
Brierley P. Studies on mosaic and related diseases of dahlia. Boyce Thompson Inst. Contrib. 1933. 5:235-88.
Burnett G. Stunt: a virosis of delphinium. Phytopathology. 1934. 24:467-81.
Burnett G., Jones L. K. Effect of certain potato and tobacco viruses on tomato plants. Washington Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1931. 259:1-37.
Fromme F. D., Wingard S. A., Priode C. N. Ringspot of tobacco; an infectious disease of unknown cause. Phytopathology. 1927. 17:321-28.
Gardner M. W., Tompkins C. M., Whipple O. C. Spotted wilt of truck crops and ornamental plants. (Abstract.) Phytopathology. 1935. 25:17
Hamilton M. A. On three new virus diseases of Hyoscyamus niger. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1932. 19:550-68. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1932.tb04341.x [CrossRef]
Henderson R. G. Occurrence of tobacco ringspot-like virus in sweet clover. Phytopathology. 1934. 24:248-56.
Henderson R. G., Wingard S. A. Further studies on tobacco ringspot in Virginia. Jour. Agr. Res. 1931. 43:191-207.
Hoggan Isme. Some viruses affecting spinach and certain aspects of insect transmission. Phytopathology. 1933. 23:446-74.
Johnson E. M. Virus diseases of tobacco in Kentucky. Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1930. 306:287-415.
Johnson E. M. A ringspot-like virus of red clover. Phytopathology. 1933. 23:746-47.
Johnson E. M., Valleau W. D. The ring symptoms of virus diseases of plants. Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1935. 361:239-63.
Johnson James. Transmission of viruses from apparently healthy potatoes. Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bul. 1925. 63:1-12.
Johnson James. Tobacco streak, a virus disease. Phytopathology. 1936. 26:285-92.
Nelson Ray. Infectious chlorosis of the rose. (Abstract.) Phytopathology. 1930. 20:130
Price W. C. Specificity of acquired immunity from tobacco ringspot diseases. Phytopathology. 1936. 26:665-75.
Priode C. N. Further studies in the ringspot disease of tobacco. Amer. Jour. Bot. 1928. 15:88-93. DOI: 10.2307/2435865 [CrossRef]
Rawlins T. E., Tompkins C. M. Studies on the effect of corborundum as an abrasive in plant virus inoculations. Phytopathology. 1936. 26: 578-87.
Samuel G., Bald J. G., Pittman H. A. Investigations on spotted wilt of tomatoes. Austral. Council Sci. &; Indus. Res. Bul. 1930. 44:1-64.
Severin H. H. P., Freitag J. H. Western celery mosaic. Hilgardia. 1938. 11(9):495-558. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v11n09p493 [CrossRef]
Smith J. Henderson. The transmission of potato mosaic to tomato. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1928. 15:517-28. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1928.tb07774.x [CrossRef]
Smith K. M. Studies on potato viruses. IV. Further experiments with potato mosaic. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1929. 16:1-32. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1929.tb07118.x [CrossRef]
Smith K. M. Studies on potato virus diseases. VII. On a ringspot virus affecting solanaceous plants. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1931. 18:1-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1931.tb02280.x [CrossRef]
Smith K. M. Studies on plant virus diseases. XI. Experiments with a ringspot virus. Its identification with spotted wilt of tomatoes. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1932. 19:305-20.
Tompkins C. M., Gardner M. W., Rex Thomas H. Black ring, a virus disease of cabbage and crucifers. Jour. Agr. Res. 1938. 57:929-43.
Valleau W. D. A virus disease of delphinium and tobacco. Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1932. 327:81-88.
Valleau W. D. Seed transmission and sterility studies of two strains of tobacco ringspot. Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1932. 327:43-80.
Valleau W. D. A virus disease of plums and peach. Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1932. 327:89-103.
Valleau W. D., Johnson E. M. The relation of some tobacco viruses to potato degeneration. Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1930. 309:475-507.
Wellman F. L. Identification of celery virus. I. The cause of southern celery mosaic. Phytopathology. 1934. 24:695-725.
Whetzel H. H. Diseases of peony. Massachusetts Hort. Soc. Trans. pt. 1915. 1:103-12.
White R. P. An infectious chlorosis of rose. (Abstract.) Phytopathology. 1930. 20:130
Wingard S. A. Hosts and symptoms of ringspot, a virus disease of plants. Jour. Agr. Res. 1928. 37:127-53.
Also in this issue:Key to Recreational Management in Redwood State Parks
Delayed Harvest INCREASES Sugar Yields IN CUYAMA VALLEY
Armillaria Root Rot Fungus
PUMPED WELLS An Investigation on the West Side of the San Joaquin Valley
SOIL TYPE AND WATER MANAGEMENT
GROWTH REGULATORS FOR GRAIN CROPS
Insect transmission, host range, and properties of the crinkle-leaf strain of western-celery-mosaic virus
Transmission of celery-yellow-spot virus by the honeysuckle aphid, Rhopalosiphum conii (Dvd.)