Gdzie ci mężczyźni? Rzeczowniki męskoosobowe nazywające tylko mężczyzn
Where are those men? Masculine nouns naming only men
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The goal of the article is to describe problems connected with masculine nouns and their references to men. The issue of masculine names in the context of sex was tackled very often by linguists, however it referred especially reference of masculine names to women defining profession, function and position. An especially difficult task, interesting though, is to separate masculine nouns only or usually ascribed to men the usage of which is impossible or not natural towards women, partially also towards young persons. The goal of the analysis is, first of all, to describe lexical-semantic fields in which definitions of Male gender are revealed definitely, secondly, emphasis of a linguistic fragment of the image of the world, through characteristics of what is deemed to be exclusively masculine or to a significant extent, in accordance with stereotype, third, to show factors which block a possibility to refer the name of a male to the woman (definition namely) as well as to review different criteria of reference assessment of a given noun (component, word-formation and vocabulary). The author gathers lexemes selected by other researchers to define men in the lexical-semantic fields defined by themselves, thinks over usefulness of criteria which check only their male reference: connectibility with numerals, reasons for possession or non-possession female equivalent, tries to analyse initially with reference to selected lexemes.
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