CC chemokine receptor-5
A chemokine receptor that responds to chemokines of CC family
Chemokine receptors are cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines. Chemokines belong to a class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. Chemokines can be divided into at least four structural branches: c (chemokines, c), cc (chemokines, cc), cx3c (chemokines, cx3c), and cxc (chemokines, cxc). The classification is according to the variations in a shared cysteine motif. And based on this classification, the chemokine receptors may in turn be grouped according to the cytokine family they respond to. They may be classified into (1) CXC chemokine receptors, (2) CC chemokine receptors, (3) CX3C chemokine receptors, and (4) XC chemokine receptors. Therefore, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) belongs to CC chemokine receptors that respond to chemokines of CC family. It is a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor on the surface of leukocytes. Its interaction with a chemokine results in calcium signaling within the leukocyte. This in turn results in the migration of the leukocyte. In humans, the CCR5 is encoded by the gene CCR5 gene located on the short arm at position 21 on chromosome 3. Apart from chemotaxis though, CCR5 is utilized as well by HIV to infect T cells. Some individuals (homozygous) who have Delta 32 mutation (gene deletion involving CCR5 gene) have shown resistance to HIV infection.
Abbreviation / Acronym: CCR5
- cluster of differentiation 195 or CD195