Skunks spray to ward off predators, such as coyotes, wolves, and badgers. They may also perceive humans or pets, particularly dogs, as a threat and spray to protect themselves or their babies. A skunk may also spray if it is startled by a noise, such as walking on a floor if it is hiding under a house.
Skunks have two anal glands that produce a chemical containing sulfur. This creates a foul-smelling oil with an odor that can be difficult to remove. Skunks will spray at an animal or person that is perceived as a threat. The spray is potent enough to stop any animal from getting closer. A skunk has even been known to stop a grizzly bear from attacking by spraying it with oil.
A skunk will usually give a clear warning before it sprays a perceived threat. A skunk will stomp its front feet several times to indicate that the animal or human should get away. If the animal or person does not move away, the skunk will turn around and point its anal gland in the direction of the threat. If the animal or person continues to get closer, the skunk will spray its oil.
Skunks can spray their oil over 10 feet. Some have even been known to spray a distance of 20 feet accurately. Skunks can spray up to eight times. Although the amount of the chemical they have in their anal glands is limited, skunks can control the amount that is sprayed in each shot.
If you are concerned about skunks on your property and want to have them removed, seek help from a professional. A skunk will not spray if you leave it alone, but if you approach it and try to catch it yourself, you will likely get sprayed.