With regard to specific geographical location and relief, the climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina is complex and can distinguish three separate parts, with more or less distinct border areas, namely:
First In the southwest – a Mediterranean or maritime climate,
Second In the middle part – continental-mountain, or alpine,
Third In the north – moderate continental, or middle European climate.
In the southwestern parts of the country, because of its proximity to the Adriatic Sea in the winter means the accumulated heat in the summer, the January mean temperatures are high (3 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit), while summers are dry and hot (the absolute maximum temperature of 40 to 45 degrees ° C). The average annual amount of rainfall ranges between 1000 and 2300 l/m2, and mean annual temperature of 12-15 ° C. Snow is rare in this region, although not impossible occurrence.
In the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina government continental mountain air, alpine type. The main characteristic of this climate is harsh winters (absolute minimum temperature of -24 to -34 ° C), while summers are hot (the absolute maximum temperature of 30-36 ° C). Average annual precipitation is 1000-1200 l/m2. Snowfalls are abundant, especially at higher elevations.
The northern government moderate continental climate with plenty of cold winters and hot summers but in relation to the Alpine area, smaller ranges between winter and summer temperatures. The hottest areas are the Northeast, while the mean temperature decreases toward the southwest, following the river valleys of the central belt. Annual rainfall ranges 700-1100 l/m2. Snowfall are also present, but less than in the middle.
Note that, depending on altitude, between the aforementioned bands have a basic and transitional climate zones. So, going from south to north with increasing altitude appears transitional area, and Mediterranean-type air mountain. Further north we find a moderate continental climate predplaninskog type.
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