England & Wales 1901 Census
1901 Census of England, Wales, Channel Islands, and Isle of Man
The 1901 census was taken on 31 March 1901, and recorded the details of over 32 million people who were resident in England and Wales at that time.
The 1901 census was the eleventh census of population. As always, it was taken on a Sunday - traditionally the day of least population movement. In the run-up to census night, enumerators visited every house in their area distributing forms, which each householder was instructed to complete, recording the details of every person resident on census night. From the following Monday, the enumerator collected and checked the forms, asking for details to fill in any obvious gaps or inconsistencies. The information was then copied into census enumerator's books, before being sent to the Census Office in London.
The population of England and Wales on 1 April 1901 was recorded as 32,527,813, an increase of over 12% since the 1891 census. Over 96% of the population was born in England and Wales. 1% was born in Scotland, 1.3 % in Ireland, 0.4% in the British colonies (as they then were) and about 1% in other foreign countries. More people were getting married in 1901 than in 1891, with 259,400 marriages taking place in comparison to 226,526 ten years earlier.
What can you find in the census?
Census returns can help you determine who your ancestors were, and can also tell you:
- Where your ancestors were living
- Who they were living with
- What their occupations were
- If they had any servants
- Who their neighbors were
- If they had any brothers and sisters
- What their ages were at the time of the census
- If they had any disabilities.
As well as giving you the above information, the fact that census returns are taken every ten years also allows you to track the movements of your ancestors through time as they perhaps move house, get married, have children or even change occupations.
The fields which have been transcribed for the census are:
- Street, town or village
- Number or name of house
- Whether the house is inhabited or not
- Name and surname of each person
- Relation to Head of Family
- Condition as to marriage
- Age last birthday
- Profession or occupation
- Whether employed or not
- Where born
- Whether deaf and dumb, blind, lunatic, imbecile or feeble-minded
- Also crews of Vessels and residents of Institutions
Why this collection is so valuable
Census records are valuable since they can tell you where a person lived at a certain place and time. Censuses were conducted by the federal government and will offer a variety of information, depending on year. Census records can answer questions like where your ancestors were living at the time the census was taken, who they were living with, what their occupations were, who their neighbors were, if they had any brothers and sisters, what their ages were at the time of the census and if they had any disabilities.
Searching the census
The golden rule of family history is to check the original historical record, or 'primary source', wherever possible. We have provided clear images of the original census enumeration books for you to view once you've found the right family in the indexes. When using census returns you should first search the transcriptions to help locate your ancestor in the census, and then view the original images to validate your findings. It will also help you see the household in the context of surrounding households. This is particularly important as transcribing an entire census is a huge and difficult task, and whilst we have used the expertise of our transcribers and the experience of key representatives from the genealogy community to help us translate the records, it is inevitable that there will be some errors.
With the information you gain from these census records, you will have the information you need to search for vital records in the locality where you found your ancestor. Also, the fact that census returns are taken every ten years also allows you to track the movements of our ancestors through time as they perhaps move house, get married, have children or even change occupations.