Linear equations in two variables
an equation that can be written in the for Ax + By = C, where A and B are not both 0.
RULE: the y-intercept of y = mx + b
given an equation in the form y = mx + b, the coordinates of the y-intercept are (0, b).
RULE: horizontal lines and vertical lines
the graph of y = c, where c is a real number constant, is a horizontal line parallel to the x-axis with a y-intercept at (0, c).
the graph of x = c, where c is a real number constant, is a vertical line paralell to the y-axis with an x-intercept at (c, 0).
the ratio of the vertical change between any two points on a line to the horizontal change between those points.
RULES: graph of equations in slope-intercept form
the graph of an equation in the form y = mx + b (slope-intercept form) is a line with slope m and y-intercept (0, b). The following rules indicate how m affects the graph:
If m > 0, then the line slants upward from left to right
If m < 0, then the line slants downward from left to right.
The greater the absolute value of m, the steeper the lined
RULE: the slope formula
given two points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂), where x₂ ≠ x₁, the slope of the line connecting the two points is given by the formula
m = y₂-y₁/x₂-x₁
RULE: slope of horizontal and vertical lines
two points with different x-coordinates and the same y-coordinates (x₁, c) and (x₂, c) will form a horizontal line with slope 0 and equation y = c.
two points with the same x-coordinates and different y-coordinates (c, y₁) and (c, y₂) will form a vertical line with undefined slope and equation x = c.
Linear inequality in two variables
an inequality that can be written in the form Ax + By > C, where the inequality could also be <, ≥ or ≤.
a set containing initial values of a relation; its input values; first coordinates in ordered pairs.