"Based on Merriam-Webster's Collegiate®
Dictionary, Tenth Edition",
"The American Heritage Dictionary, Third Edition"
Use the BACK button on your
browser to return
Thermodynamics is the science that deals with the relationship
of heat and other forms of energy such as mechanical energy, called thermodynamic
(means, operated by heat converted into motive power), and the conversion
of one into the other, however, thermodynamics should not be applied on
the molecular scale – enthalpy-(Hess's
The laws of thermodynamics which apply
to common objects cannot be described at the molecular level as the vast
numbers of moving molecules are
impossible to accurately quantify,
because there is no know equation
which would provide us with accurate positioning and velocity (speed)-factors
in order to ascertain exactly
what each molecule is doing and where it may be doing it at any particular
time, as well as determine variables involved in molecular motion due to
0) If systems A & B are in thermal equilibrium,
and B & C are in thermal equilibrium, then A & C are also in thermal
equilibrium. This law is tacitly
assumed in every measurement of temperature.
Known as the law of energy conservation: This means the energy after an
event is equal to that before it. This 1st law
states that nothing is now being created in the physical universe so far
as science can tell. For example, the neutrino
carries exactly the amount of energy needed to balance the energy accounting
for the reaction – the disintegration
caused by the event. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed; heat
and mechanical work being mutually
convertible. Neither mass nor energy
can be created from nothing. Every
effect must have a cause. This first law states that all forms of energy
can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred.
According to Isaac Asimov, the first
law "is considered the most powerful and most fundamental
generalization about the Universe that scientists have been able to make"
... In The Game Of Energy And Thermodynamics You Can't Even Break Even",
of Smithsonian Institute-(June
970), page 6.
It is impossible for an unaided self acting machine to convey heat from
one body to another having a higher temperature. Entropy
is a thermodynamic state function. This-second
states that the amount of energy disorder in any isolated system (the Universe
and the self acting machine for examples) cannot decrease with time, as
the total energy remains constant; however, the amount of energy
available to do useful work consistently decreases. The entropy in a system
can be thought of as how close it is to equilibrium.
Once maximum entropy is reached, no further changes can occur in the system.
A heated cup of coffee returns as quickly as it can to the ambient
temperature. Untreated steel left in a field quickly breaks down and is
absorbed by the ground from whence it first came. Physical things run down.
They go from complex to simple.
Classical thermodynamics measures
the unavailability of energy for further
work. Statistical thermodynamics
measures the decreased order of structure
within a system, and informational thermodynamics measures lost or distorted
3) It is impossible by any procedure, no matter how idealized,
to reduce any system to the absolute
zero of temperature (0ºK/273ºCelsius/-459ºFahernheit)
in an infinite number of operations.
This law states that the entropy
of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is zero. More
silvery metallic element obtained chiefly from cassiterite (a tin ore).
It is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion and is a part of numerous
alloys, such as soft solder, pewter, type metal, and bronze. Atomic
number 50; atomic weight
118.69; melting point 231.89°C;
boiling point 2,270°C; specific
gravity 7.31; valence 2, 4.
2. Tin plate. Tin can.
senses-to go beyond or over (a limit
or boundary); exceed or overstep; to act in violation of (the law, for
senses-to commit an offense by violating
a law or command; sin;
to step across