A reservoir thousands of feet underground is subjected to an overburden pressure caused by the weight of the overlying formations. Overburden pressures vary from area to area depending on factors such as depth, nature of the structure, consolidation of the formation, and possibly the geologic age and history of the rocks. Depth of the formation is the most important consideration and a typical value of overburden pressure is approximately one psi per foot of depth. The weight of the overburden simply applies a compressive force to the reservoir. The pressure in the rock pore spaces does not normally approach the overburden pressure. A typical pore pressure, commonly referred to as the reservoir pressure, is approximately 0.5 psi per foot of depth, assuming that the reservoir is sufficiently consolidated so the overburden pressure is not transmitted to the fluids in the pore spaces. The pressure difference between overburden and internal pore pressure is referred to as the effective overburden pressure. During pressure depletion operations, the internal pore pressure decreases and, therefore, the effective overburden pressure increases.
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