The typical two-particle scattering experiment is as follows (Prugovecki , Flügge , Gasiorowicz ). A beam of particles S 1 impinges on a target consisting of particles S 2. Assuming that the particles in the beam do not interact with one another, and that each particle S 1 in the beam interacts with only one particle S 2 in the target, the experiment can be viewed as consisting of a large ensemble of independent scattering experiments of a two-particle system S = S 1, S 2. The two mentioned conditions can be satisfied by taking a “weak” beam of particles (i.e., a beam with few particles per unit volume), and taking for the target a slab of material which is sufficiently thin to eliminate the possibility of a particle S 1 scattering from more than one particle in the target. The above experimental setup is suited to determine the percentage of the particles in the beam which can be found in a given volume of space, occupied by a detector, after they have been scattered by the target. In any scattering experiment the detector is placed sufficiently far from the target so that it does not interfere with the scattering process. Hence, the experiment obviously provides information about the probability that a particle of the beam, coming towards the target from the direction will be scattered within the solid angle dω around the direction
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