Historically, governments have had to put serious restrictions on researchers. In fact, the origin of codes of research ethics can be traced to the NUREMBERG CODE, a list of rules established by a military tribunal on Nazi war crimes during World War II.
The principles outlined in the Nuremberg Code include:
- Voluntary consent
- Avoidance of unnecessary suffering
- Avoidance of accidental death or disability
- Termination of research if harm is likely
- Experiments should be conducted by highly qualified people
- Results should be for the good of society and unattainable by any other means