Presidential Clemency Power in the Current Administration
Clemency and the Current Administration
The current President has made some waves during the first three years of his presidency with regard to his use of the clemency power. The August 2017 pardon of former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio was accomplished without keeping the Department of Justice fully in the loop on the decision. Arpaio was convicted of contempt of court for the use of discriminatory immigration-enforcement tactics, Moreover, the presidential pardon in May of this year of an Army Ranger convicted of murdering an Iraqi prisoner sparked considerable controversy.
That being said, this past July, there have been seven pardons, clemencies and commutations handed down . This may mark a slightly different tone in the way presidential clemency is being handled under the current administration. This article will discuss the basics of a president’s clemency power as well as detail the facts behind some of the recent presidential pardons, clemencies and commutations.
What is Presidential Clemency?
Clemency, stripped to its essence, is the act of forgiving the crimes of citizens. It may take the form of a presidential or gubernatorial pardon, This can also be in the form of a commutation of a criminal sentence already being served, a reprieve (or delay) in punishment, or a remittance (or elimination) of a fine or order of restitution.
The notion of clemency has deep roots. It can be traced back to the time of Babylon’s Code of Hammurabi, and ancient Athens, when pardons would be granted after the person seeking a pardon obtained a certain number of signatures. In medieval England, kings would give pardons in exchange for money so that the king could raise an army.
Indeed, the ability to grant clemency and presidential pardons lasted throughout the centuries largely because, as Alexander Hamilton wrote, “without an easy access to exceptions in favor of unfortunate guilt, justice would wear a countenance too sanguinary and cruel.”
Presidential Clemency Power
The U.S. Constitution, at Article II, Section 2, gives the president the power to “grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States.” In other words, a president has the power to give clemency in federal criminal cases.
There are no express guidelines in the Constitution as to when clemency would be appropriate. The decision by a president to use the clemency power must be made by that president in his or her own time. That being said, presidents have historically used the power of clemency to restore innocence when there has been a miscarriage of justice. This clemency power has also been used to check other branches of government, maintain public order, or to secure a legacy.
In fact, the first major presidential pardon was to maintain public order, when George Washington pardoned those who participated in the Whiskey Rebellion. Similarly, Abraham Lincoln pardoned soldiers who ran away during the Civil War.
The July 2019 Exercises of Clemency
The current administration granted clemency to seven men in late July of this year (one person recieved a posthumous pardon in October). The clemencies were as follows:
- Ted Suhl, sentenced to seven years in prison for bribing a state official to get increased Medicaid funding for his juvenile mental health counseling business, had his sentence commuted.
- Ronen Nahmani, sentenced to a maximum 20 years for conspiring to distribute synthetic marijuana in Florida, had his sentence reduced to 10 years.
- John Richard Bubala, who pleaded guilty to improper use of federal property in 1990, received a Presidential Pardon.
- Roy Wayne McKeever, who pleaded guilty to a drug charge in 1989, received a Presidential Pardon.
- Rodney Takumi, who worked at an illegal gambling parlor in 1987, received a Presidential Pardon.
- Michael Tedesco, convicted of drug trafficking and fraud in 1990, received a Presidential Pardon.
- Chalmer Lee Williams, convicted of stealing and selling weapons, received a Presidential Pardon.
Mr. Suhl received clemency following an effort on the part of former Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee and a former federal prosecutor. Mr. Nahmani’s sentence reduction was supported by notable leaders from across the political spectrum. Those two individuals, in particular, were strong candidates for clemency because they had such compelling circumstances.
Mr. Nahmani is a non-violent, first-time offender with no criminal history. He has five young children at home, and his wife suffers from terminal cancer. Mr. Suhl proved himself a model prisoner, and he had been the pillar of his community and a contributor to several charities before his prosecution.
In sum, considerations such as life circumstances, conduct before and after prosecution, and a general call for mercy seems to have characterized this latest round of clemencies.
Current Administration’s Use of Clemency
In its three years, the current administration has granted 15 pardons and six commutations. By way of comparison, in its first three years, the Obama administration issued 17 pardons and no commutations.
Accordingly, the current administration’s use of clemency is roughly on par with the previous administration’s use of clemency. Moreover, the reasons for the clemencies granted in this last batch of seven – which are generally characterized as grounded in the need for mercy, much more than the need to score political points – seem to indicate a shift in the way the administration is using the clemency power. Specifically, the clemencies appear to demonstrate an adherence to the norms of old with regard to using the clemency power.
Thus, rather than using the power to send a particular political message, the most recent clemencies have an appropriately routine feel to them.
That is indeed encouraging news for those who are currently seeking, or are thinking about seeking, clemency moving forward. If you believe that you have a viable clemency case, Reach out to our office with your questions. The Law Office of Jeremy Gordon is a team dedicated to supporting you, your loved ones and the pursuit of relief in the criminal justice system.