Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Participates in the metabolism of an as-yet-unknown biologically active molecule that is a participant in eye development.
Expressed in many tissues.
Defects in CYP1B1 are the cause of primary congenital glaucoma type 3A (GLC3A) [MIM:231300]. GLC3A is an autosomal recessive form of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). PCG is characterized by marked increase of intraocular pressure at birth or early childhood, large ocular globes (buphthalmos) and corneal edema. It results from developmental defects of the trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber angle of the eye that prevent adequate drainage of aqueous humor. Defects in CYP1B1 are a cause of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) [MIM:137760]. POAG is a complex and genetically heterogeneous ocular disorder characterized by a specific pattern of optic nerve and visual field defects. The angle of the anterior chamber of the eye is open, and usually the intraocular pressure is increased. The disease is asymptomatic until the late stages, by which time significant and irreversible optic nerve damage has already taken place. In some cases, POAG shows digenic inheritance involving mutations in CYP1B1 and MYOC genes. Defects in CYP1B1 are a cause of Peters anomaly (PAN) [MIM:604229]. Peters anomaly is a congenital defect of the anterior chamber of the eye.