The sky's no limit
You don't have to be a rocket scientist to put an experiment into space. Students across the country have a chance every year to enter a contest sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Some winners help put their projects on a space shuttle or rocket. Others receive scholarships to Space Camp in Huntsville, Ala. Every winner gets a special award presented by a NASA representative sometimes by an astronaut.
Through the NASA Student Involvement Program (NSIP), six competitions are offered each year. Students can compete as individuals, teams, or entire classes. Contests are open to students in kindergarten through high school. Contests range from studying the land, air, and water in a small site on Earth, to planning a mission to Mars.
For some of the competitions, students design projects that may actually be launched into space. "Sometimes students have a better chance to put their experiments into space than scientists or engineers," says Farzad Mahootian, NSIP's director. Many scientists are waiting in line to get their projects onto a space shuttle. But the winners of the Space Flight Opportunities contest have a guaranteed slot and all the help they need from NASA.
Glenbrook North High School in Northbrook, Ill., has produced a number of winning teams in the past few years. Physics teacher Lynne Zielinski supervises the efforts and stresses that kids don't have to be geniuses to join in and even win. "Some of the experiments have been pretty simple," she says. "And even on a complex project, students get a lot of help from teachers and scientists." Seniors Stanley Von Medvey and Joel Senner are members of the Northbrook team that created an experiment called Environment 2.0. Last June, it was sent into space aboard a suborbital rocket. The experiment monitored the environment inside a rocket during flight. That's something even NASA experts want to learn more about.
"We measured acceleration, magnetic field, pressure, temperature, and radiation," Stanley says. "It was pretty exciting, watching the rocket go up and knowing your experiment was in there." Team members are still analyzing data from the sensors in the rocket. Joel is also working on putting the results to music.
"We're using the data from the different sensors to add different tonal qualities to 'Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star,' " he says. Ms. Zielinski explains that scientists have done this before, turning data into music to get a better understanding of results. (Glenbrook students' projects are on their site: gbn.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GADGET/home.htm.)
There are two categories for the contests that are sent into space. One involves placing projects on a space shuttle. The other is for projects that can be launched from a small rocket that flies above the atmosphere (called a "sounding rocket").
Each year, four projects are selected as flight-worthy for each category. The eight winning teams get a free trip to Wallops Flight Facility at Wallops Island, Va., during Student Flight Week in June. There, students with space-shuttle projects prepare their experiments for delivery to the Kennedy Space Center. Teams with projects that will ride on the sounding rocket prepare their projects and, if weather allows, watch the rocket launch.
Anat Cohen worked on an "aeroponics" experiment at Glenbrook that was chosen for a shuttle launch. It studies how plants grow in space.
"It was really a great experience," she says of her trip to Wallops. "They were very good to us, very friendly. They showed us all around the facility, gave us coats with our names on them, and let us go through a launch sequence. It made me want to work at NASA." Her project is still waiting for its shuttle flight.
Some of the competitions are not designed for outer space, but can still be exciting. Two years ago, four native American seventh-graders from the Tuba City (Ariz.) Boarding School won a regional prize in the Aeronautics and Space Science Journalism category. They produced a video celebrating the 30th anniversary of the first lunar landing. It included historical data, interviews with astronauts and other space-program officials, and information on how astronauts trained at Meteor Crater, Ariz., near their school. Their award was presented by John Herrington, the first native American astronaut.
One of the most important things to remember, say students from Glenbrook North High School, is never to give up. They know: Their school has won several NASA student-involvement competitions.
Juniors Vladimir Gutman and Andrew Glazer are working on an aeroponics experiment that eventually will be launched on the space shuttle. It explores how plants grow in space. They began working on the project as freshmen.
Their four-person team inherited the project from some graduating seniors. "The first year it was entered it didn't win," Andrew says. "So we redesigned it and resubmitted it, and it won."
The team then built the experiment and took it to Student Launch Week at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. It was tested in a machine that simulates the stress of launch. Their experiment failed the vibration test. So they fixed it. Now they're preparing to try again. It has taken a lot of time and work, but they all feel it was worth it. "We got to work with cool people and work on cool science," Vladimir says. "The NASA engineers helped us a lot."
"Everything that can go wrong, will," says Joel Senner. His experiment studying the environment inside a rocket was finally launched last June. "Things were going wrong right up to the day of the launch," he says, "but we just kept at it, redesigning and fixing, and getting everything to interface perfectly."
That ability to keep trying even when things keep going wrong is important in preparing and designing entries for the contest, says teacher Lynne Zielinski: "Students have to start early and keep trying out their experiments, learning and redesigning as they go along." But, win or lose, students in the contest discover an amazing amount. They learn how to do real research, how to write scientific papers, how to build things. They practice art (to make drawings and electronic schematics), and they learn that science involves ingenuity, math, writing, and making presentations, as well as learning to work with teams, mentors, and professionals. They also learn that it's OK to fail. That's when a lot of the learning happens that finally results in success.
My Planet, Earth: Study the air, land, and water at a selected site in your neighborhood. Competitions for grades K-1 and 2-4.
Science & Technology Journalism: Develop a print or video news report about a specific topic in aviation and space exploration. Competitions for grades K-1, 2-4, 5-8, and 9-12.
Aerospace Technology Engineering Challenge: Build and test a structure that can withstand the forces of launch. For grades 5-8.
Design a Mission to Mars: Define a research question on an aspect of Mars and describe a mission to try to answer that question. For grades 5-8 and 9-12.
Watching Earth Change: Select a natural or human-induced change to the Earth and describe a research mission to study the change. For grades 5-8 and 9-12.
Space Flight Opportunities: Select a research topic and design an experiment for a rocket or space shuttle to explore it. Create a proposal describing the experiment. Winning experiments will be built by the students and launched by NASA. For grades 9-12.
Information, entry packets, and lists of previous winners are at: www.nsip.net/index.cfm. Here you will also find suggestions on how to create a winning entry and instructions for entering. Entry deadlines are in January. For each category, eight regional winners and an overall national winner are selected.