A potential source of the newMiddle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus has been identified: camels may be a carrier of the virus, according to a new study.
Blood tests of 50 dromedary (one hump) camels in Oman, a country in the Arabian peninsula, found that all had developed antibodies against the MERS virus, a sign that the camels may have been infected in the past with the MERS virus, or a very similar one, the researchers said. However, the actual virus was not found in the animals.
“These new results suggest that dromedary camels may be one reservoir of the virus that is causing [MERS infection] in humans,” the study researchers, from National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in Bilthoven, the Netherlands, said in a statement. “Dromedary camels are a popular animal species in the Middle East, where they are used for racing, and also for meat and milk, so there are different types of contact of humans with these animals that could lead to transmission of a virus,” the researchers said.
MERS first appeared in Saudi Arabia in September 2012, and has since infected 94 people and caused 46 deaths, according to the World Health Organization.
The study did not find MERS antibodies in blood samples taken from closely related animals, such as alpacas and llamas, in the Netherlands and Chile. However, the study did not test blood from cattle, sheep and goats in the Middle East, so it's not clear if the virus is circulating in these animals in this region as well, the researchers said.
The MERS virus has been found to grow in cells taken from bats, the researchers said. (Bats are also suspected to be the source of the closely related SARS virus). However, humans do not have much direct contact with bats, so another animal, such as camels or livestock, may be an intermediate source, the researchers said.
The study cannot prove that humans caught the virus from camels. Before researchers can confirm that camels are a source of MERS, future studies are needed to identify the actual virus in camels and compare it to the MERS virus, the researchers said.
The study is published in today's (Aug. 9) issue of the journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases.