The American Psychiatric Association recognizes anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Between 40% and 60% of those diagnosed with one eating disorder will crossover to another eating disorder diagnosis during their lifetime (Ross, 2014). Eating disorders, therefore, might best be considered a spectrum of illnesses rather than discrete and fixed diagnoses. According to Soros & Framptom, (2011) “Eating disorders have a strong female preponderance, with an overall gender ratio of 10:1. This gender imbalance might be seen as a justification for research to focus on females. However, in adolescence, the female: male ratio is smaller, varying from 3: 1 to 10:1” (p. 27). There are health risks associated with eating disorders They include repeated vomiting and laxative abuse can lead to problems including abdominal pain, digestive problems, dehydration, damage to the stomach lining and to the back of the teeth, where regurgitated acid can do permanent damage to the tooth enamel, and the most serious outcome can be an electrolyte imbalance leading to renal damage and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias (Bennett, 2011). Additional consequences of eating disorder include women with eating and exercise disorders may have difficulty falling pregnant; women suffering from bulimia nervosa are at greater risk of miscarrying, having their baby die just before birth, or having the baby born prematurely; obese women are more likely to have difficulties during childbirth and are at higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy-induced hypertension; and women who are underweight at the time o...
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...f antidepressant medication and SSRI. Antidepressant medications for bulimia decrease binge frequency by an average of 56%, compared with an average decrease of 11% following treatment with placebo (Jimerson, Lesem, Kaye, & Brewerton, 1992). Medications for the treatment of bulimia nervosa include Prozac and Odansetron whereas there are no currently FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of AN (Sincola & Strickland, 2012). Pharmacology treatment for BED includes TCAs, SSRIs, anticonvulsants, and anti-obesity medication for example, Tomamax, Merida, Effexor, and Cymbalta (Sincola & Peters-Strickland, 2012). According to Goracci, di Volo, Casamassima, Bolognesi, Benbow, and Fagiolini (2015) “the main objectives in the treatment of binge eating disorder include reducing the frequency of binge eating, reducing weight, and improving the associated psychopathology” (p. 1).
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