  Power system dynamic state estimation (DSE) remains an active research area.
This is driven by the absence of accurate models, the increasing availability
of fast-sampled, time-synchronized measurements, and the advances in the
capability, scalability, and affordability of computing and communications.
This paper discusses the advantages of DSE as compared to static state
estimation, and the implementation differences between the two, including the
measurement configuration, modeling framework and support software features.
The important roles of DSE are discussed from modeling, monitoring and
operation aspects for today's synchronous machine dominated systems and the
future power electronics-interfaced generation systems. Several examples are
presented to demonstrate the benefits of DSE on enhancing the operational
robustness and resilience of 21st century power system through time critical
applications. Future research directions are identified and discussed, paving
the way for developing the next generation of energy management systems.
