  Linking cavitation and anatomy was found to be important for predictable
outcomes in Focused-Ultrasound Blood-Brain-Barrier-Opening and requires high
resolution cavitation mapping. However, cavitation mapping techniques for
planning and monitoring of therapeutic procedures either 1) do not leverage the
full resolution capabilities of ultrasound imaging or 2) place strong
constraints on the length of the therapeutic pulse. This study aimed to develop
a high-resolution technique that could resolve vascular anatomy in the
cavitation map. Herein, we develop BP-ETACI, derived from bandpass sampling and
dual-frequency contrast imaging at 12.5 MHz to produce cavitation maps prior
and during blood-brain barrier opening with long therapeutic bursts using a
1.5-MHz focused transducer in the brain of C57BL/6 mice. The BP-ETACI
cavitation maps were found to correlate with the vascular anatomy in ultrasound
localization microscopy vascular maps and in histological sections. Cavitation
maps produced from non-blood-brain-barrier disrupting doses showed the same
cavitation-bearing vasculature as maps produced over entire blood-brain-barrier
opening procedures, allowing use for 1) monitoring FUS-BBBO, but also for 2)
therapy planning and target verification. BP-ETACI is versatile, created high
resolution cavitation maps in the mouse brain and is easily translatable to
existing FUS-BBBO experiments. As such, it provides a means to further study
cavitation phenomena in FUS-BBBO.
