  We produce the light-front wave functions (LFWFs) of the nucleon from a basis
light-front ap- proach in the leading Fock sector representation. We solve for
the mass eigenstates from a light-front effective Hamiltonian, which includes a
confining potential adopted from light-front holography in the transverse
direction, a longitudinal confinement, and a one-gluon exchange interaction
with fixed coupling. We then employ the LFWFs to obtain the electromagnetic and
axial form factors, the par- ton distribution functions (PDFs) and the
generalized parton distribution functions for the nucleon. The electromagnetic
and axial form factors of the proton agree with the experimental data, whereas
the neutron form factors deviate somewhat from the experiments in the low
momentum transfer region. The unpolarized, the helicity, and the transversity
valence quark PDFs, after QCD scale evolution, are fairly consistent with the
global fits to the data at the relevant experimental scales. The helicity
asymmetry for the down quark also agrees well with the measurements, however,
the asymmetry for the up quark shows a deviation from the data, especially in
the small x region. We also find that the tensor charge agrees well with the
extracted data and the lattice QCD predictions, while the axial charge is
somewhat outside the experimental error bar. The electromagnetic radii of the
proton, the magnetic radius of the neutron, and the axial radius are in
excellent agreement with the measurements, while the neutron charge radius
deviates from experiment.
