  The exponential growth of the power of modern digital computers is based upon
the miniaturisation of vast nanoscale arrays of electronic switches, but this
will be eventually constrained by fabrication limits and power dissipation.
Chemical processes have the potential to scale beyond these limits performing
computations through chemical reactions, yet the lack of well-defined
programmability limits their scalability and performance. We present a hybrid
digitally programmable chemical array as a probabilistic computational machine
that uses chemical oscillators partitioned in interconnected cells as a
computational substrate. This hybrid architecture performs efficient
computation by distributing between chemical and digital domains together with
error correction. The efficiency is gained by combining digital with
probabilistic chemical logic based on nearest neighbour interactions and
hysteresis effects. We demonstrated the implementation of one- and two-
dimensional Chemical Cellular Automata and solutions to combinatorial
optimization problems.
