  We compute the gravitational form factors (GFFs) and study their applications
for the description of the mechanical properties such as the pressure, shear
force distributions, and the mechanical radius of the proton from its
light-front wave functions (LFWFs) based on basis light-front quantization
(BLFQ). The LFWFs of the proton are given by the lowest eigenvector of a
light-front effective Hamiltonian that incorporates a three-dimensional
confining potential and a one-gluon exchange interaction with fixed coupling
between the constituent quarks solved in the valence Fock sector. We find
acceptable agreement between our BLFQ computations and the lattice QCD for the
GFFs. Our $D$-term form factor also agrees well with the extracted data from
the deeply virtual Compton scattering experiments at Jefferson Lab, and the
results of different phenomenological models. The distributions of pressures
and shear forces are similar to those from different models.
