  Many questions that we have about the history and dynamics of organisms have
a geographical component: How many are there, and where do they live? How do
they move and interbreed across the landscape? How were they moving a thousand
years ago, and where were the ancestors of a particular individual alive today?
Answers to these questions can have profound consequences for our understanding
of history, ecology, and the evolutionary process. In this review, we discuss
how geographic aspects of the distribution, movement, and reproduction of
organisms are reflected in their pedigree across space and time. Because the
structure of the pedigree is what determines patterns of relatedness in modern
genetic variation, our aim is to thus provide intuition for how these processes
leave an imprint in genetic data. We also highlight some current methods and
gaps in the statistical toolbox of spatial population genetics.
