  Arikan's polar codes are capable of achieving the Shannon's capacity at a low
encoding and decoding complexity, while inherently supporting rate adaptation.
By virtue of these attractive features, polar codes have provided fierce
competition to both the turbo as well as the Low Density Parity Check (LDPC)
codes, making its way into the 5G New Radio (NR). Realizing the significance of
polar codes, in this paper we provide a comprehensive survey of polar codes,
highlighting the major milestones achieved in the last decade. Furthermore, we
also provide tutorial insights into the polar encoder, decoders as well as the
code construction methods. We also extend our discussions to quantum polar
codes with an emphasis on the underlying quantum-to-classical isomorphism and
the syndrome-based quantum polar codes.
