  Modern NISQ devices are subject to a variety of biases and sources of noise
that degrade the solution quality of computations carried out on these devices.
A natural question that arises in the NISQ era, is how fairly do these devices
sample ground state solutions. To this end, we run five fair sampling problems
(each with at least three ground state solutions) that are based both on
quantum annealing and on the Grover Mixer-QAOA algorithm for gate-based NISQ
hardware. In particular, we use seven IBM~Q devices, the Aspen-9 Rigetti
device, the IonQ device, and three D-Wave quantum annealers. For each of the
fair sampling problems, we measure the ground state probability, the relative
fairness of the frequency of each ground state solution with respect to the
other ground state solutions, and the aggregate error as given by each hardware
provider. Overall, our results show that NISQ devices do not achieve fair
sampling yet. We also observe differences in the software stack with a
particular focus on compilation techniques that illustrate what work will still
need to be done to achieve a seamless integration of frontend (i.e. quantum
circuit description) and backend compilation.
