  In the clinic, resected tissue samples are stained with Hematoxylin-and-Eosin
(H&E) and/or Immunhistochemistry (IHC) stains and presented to the pathologists
on glass slides or as digital scans for diagnosis and assessment of disease
progression. Cell-level quantification, e.g. in IHC protein expression scoring,
can be extremely inefficient and subjective. We present DeepLIIF
(https://deepliif.org), a first free online platform for efficient and
reproducible IHC scoring. DeepLIIF outperforms current state-of-the-art
approaches (relying on manual error-prone annotations) by virtually restaining
clinical IHC slides with more informative multiplex immunofluorescence
staining. Our DeepLIIF cloud-native platform supports (1) more than 150
proprietary/non-proprietary input formats via the Bio-Formats standard, (2)
interactive adjustment, visualization, and downloading of the IHC
quantification results and the accompanying restained images, (3) consumption
of an exposed workflow API programmatically or through interactive plugins for
open source whole slide image viewers such as QuPath/ImageJ, and (4) auto
scaling to efficiently scale GPU resources based on user demand.
