  Experiments have not only revealed the remarkably long lifetime of
nanobubbles, but also demonstrated the diffusive instability of bubbles above
micrometers, thus a full-scale physical understanding on the stability of
bubbles is in urgent need. Herein, we develop a model that captures the state
transition from the stable nanobubbles to the unstable microbubbles on
homogeneous surfaces. The transition explains the typical long lifetime,
limited height and small contact angle of surface nanobubbles observed in
experiments. The consequent phase diagram shows that the bubble size and gas
dissolving saturation determine the dynamic behaviors of surface bubbles,
namely growth, stability, shrinkage or dissolution.
