  As the worlds predominant navigation system GPS is critical to modern life,
finding applications in diverse areas like information security, healthcare,
marketing, and power and water grid management. Unfortunately this
diversification has only served to underscore the insecurity of GPS and the
critical need to harden this system against manipulation and exploitation. A
wide variety of attacks against GPS have already been documented, both in
academia and industry. Several defenses have been proposed to combat these
attacks, but they are ultimately insufficient due to scope, expense,
complexity, or robustness. With this in mind, we present our own solution:
fingerprinting of GPS satellites. We assert that it is possible to create
signatures, or fingerprints, of the satellites (more specifically their
transmissions) that allow one to determine nearly instantly whether a received
GPS transmission is authentic or not. Furthermore, in this paper we demonstrate
that this solution detects all known spoofing attacks, that it does so while
being fast, cheap, and simpler than previous solutions, and that it is highly
robust with respect to environmental factors.
