  Budding and grafting are the strategies employed to combat unfavorable
environmental conditions and improve some physiological defects in the Pistacia
vera tree. Drought and salinity stresses are the most prominent adverse
conditions encountered in pistachio production. It has been observed in
different studies that various pistachio rootstocks can be used to ameliorate
the effect of those two stresses. Besides, rootstock has a role in some
physiological performances of pistachios such as nutrient uptake and
photosynthesis. Furthermore, nut blank, unsplit nut, and alternate bearing are
three physiological disorders found in pistachio. Relationships have been found
between the degree of these physiological disorders and the rootstock effect.
The impact of rootstock on drought and salinity stresses, physiological
performances, and physiological disorders in P. vera will be discussed in this
review.
