  A significant amount of hazardous waste generated from health sectors and
industrial processes has posed a major threat to human health by causing
environmental issues and contamination of air, soil, and water resources. This
paper presents a multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP)
formulation for a sustainable hazardous waste location-routing problem. The
location of the facilities and routing decisions for transporting hazardous
waste and the waste residue is considered to design a suitable waste collection
system. The presented model simultaneously minimizes the total costs of the
waste management system, total risks from transportation and facilities, along
with CO2 emissions. A real-world case study is presented to illustrate the
applicability of the proposed model. To illustrate the significance of
sustainability, the results of the original model are compared with the results
of the model without considering sustainability. It indicates that, under the
condition when sustainability is not taken into account, total cost,
transportation, and site risk along with CO2 emission increased, which in turn
demonstrated the importance of sustainability. Furthermore, the managerial
insights gained from the optimal results would enable the managers to make
better decisions in the hazardous waste management system.
