  Nucleon resonance contributions to the polarized proton $g_1$ and $g_2$
structure functions are computed from resonance electroexcitation amplitudes
extracted from CLAS exclusive meson electroproduction data. Including
resonances in the mass range up to 1.75 GeV, and taking into account the
interference between excited states, we compare the resonant contributions with
the polarized proton structure function and polarization asymmetry data from
Jefferson Lab 6 GeV measurements. All resonance-like structure observed in the
polarized structure functions and asymmetries can be attributed to the resonant
contributions, confirming their essential role in the behavior of $g_1$ and
$g_2$ in the resonant region over the entire range $Q^2 < 7.5$ GeV$^2$ covered
by the measurements. Comparing the resonance contributions with the $g_1$ and
$g_2$ structure functions computed from parton distribution functions
extrapolated from the deep-inelastic region, we also quantify the degree to
which quark-hadron duality holds for $g_1$ and $g_2$ and their moments.
