  Urban vibrancy is the dynamic activity of humans in urban locations. It can
vary with urban features and the opportunities for human interactions, but it
might also differ according to the underlying social conditions of city
inhabitants across and within social surroundings. Such heterogeneity in how
different demographic groups may experience cities has the potential to cause
gender segregation because of differences in the preferences of inhabitants,
their accessibility and opportunities, and large-scale mobility behaviours.
However, traditional studies have failed to capture fully a high-frequency
understanding of how urban vibrancy is linked to urban features, how this might
differ for different genders, and how this might affect segregation in cities.
Our results show that (1) there are differences between males and females in
terms of urban vibrancy, (2) the differences relate to `Points of Interest` as
well as transportation networks, and (3) that there are both positive and
negative `spatial spillovers` existing across each city. To do this, we use a
quantitative approach using Call Detail Record data--taking advantage of the
near-ubiquitous use of mobile phones--to gain high-frequency observations of
spatial behaviours across the seven most prominent cities of Italy. We use a
spatial model comparison approach of the direct and `spillover` effects from
urban features on male-female differences. Our results increase our
understanding of inequality in cities and how we can make future cities fairer.
