  Availability of reliable atomic and molecular opacity tables is essential in
a wide variety of astronomical modeling: the solar and stellar interiors,
stellar and planetary atmospheres, stellar evolution, pulsating stars, and
protoplanetary disks, to name a few. With the advancement of powerful research
techniques such as helio-seismology and asteroseismology, solar neutrino-flux
measurements, exoplanet survey satellites, three-dimensional hydrodynamic
atmospheric simulations (including non-LTE and granulation effects),
high-performance computing of atomic and molecular data, and innovative plasma
experiments the accuracy and completeness of opacity tables is being taken to
an unprecedented level. The goal of the second Workshop on Astrophysical
Opacities was to gather opacity data producers and consumers from both the
atomic and molecular sectors to contribute to solving outstanding problems and
to develop more effective and integrated interfaces. In this review we attempt
to summa- rize the discussion at the workshop and propose future directions for
opacity research.
