  Using analytical Lorenz--Mie scattering formalism and numerical methods, we
analyze the response of active particles to electromagnetic waves. The
particles are composed of homogeneous, non-magnetic, and dielectrically
isotropic medium. Spherical scatterers and sharp and rounded cubes are treated.
The absorption cross-section of active particles is negative, thus showing gain
in their electromagnetic response. Since the scattering cross-section is always
positive, their extinction can be either positive, negative, or zero. We
construct a five-class categorization of active and passive dielectric
particles. We point out the enhanced backscattering phenomenon that active
scatterers display, and also discuss extinction paradox and optical theorem.
Finally, using COMSOL Multiphysics and an in-house Method-of-Moments code, the
effects of the non-sphericity of active scatterers on their electromagnetic
response are illustrated.
