  Space-based transit missions such as Kepler and TESS have demonstrated that
planets are ubiquitous. However, the success of these missions heavily depends
on ground-based radial velocity (RV) surveys, which combined with transit
photometry can yield bulk densities and orbital properties. While most Kepler
host stars are too faint for detailed follow-up observations, TESS is detecting
planets orbiting nearby bright stars that are more amenable to RV
characterization. Here we introduce the TESS-Keck Survey (TKS), an RV program
using ~100 nights on Keck/HIRES to study exoplanets identified by TESS. The
primary survey aims are investigating the link between stellar properties and
the compositions of small planets; studying how the diversity of system
architectures depends on dynamical configurations or planet multiplicity;
identifying prime candidates for atmospheric studies with JWST; and
understanding the role of stellar evolution in shaping planetary systems. We
present a fully-automated target selection algorithm, which yielded 103 planets
in 86 systems for the final TKS sample. Most TKS hosts are inactive,
solar-like, main-sequence stars (4500 K < Teff < 6000 K) at a wide range of
metallicities. The selected TKS sample contains 71 small planets (Rp < 4 Re),
11 systems with multiple transiting candidates, 6 sub-day period planets and 3
planets that are in or near the habitable zone of their host star. The target
selection described here will facilitate the comparison of measured planet
masses, densities, and eccentricities to predictions from planet population
models. Our target selection software is publicly available (at
https://github.com/ashleychontos/sort-a-survey) and can be adapted for any
survey which requires a balance of multiple science interests within a given
telescope allocation.
