  Studying the atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is crucial to
understand the climate of a planet. The meteorological measurements by the
instruments onboard InSight at a latitude of 4.5$^{\circ}$N make a uniquely
rich dataset to study the active turbulent dynamics of the daytime PBL on Mars.
Here we use the high-sensitivity continuous pressure, wind, temperature
measurements in the first 400 sols of InSight operations (from northern late
winter to midsummer) to analyze wind gusts, convective cells and vortices in
Mars' daytime PBL. We compare InSight measurements to turbulence-resolving
Large-Eddy Simulations (LES). The daytime PBL turbulence at the InSight landing
site is very active, with clearly identified signatures of convective cells and
a vast population of 6000 recorded vortex encounters, adequately represented by
a power-law with a 3.4 exponent. While the daily variability of vortex
encounters at InSight can be explained by the statistical nature of turbulence,
the seasonal variability is positively correlated with ambient wind speed,
which is supported by LES. However, wind gustiness is positively correlated to
surface temperature rather than ambient wind speed and sensible heat flux,
confirming the radiative control of the daytime martian PBL; and fewer
convective vortices are forming in LES when the background wind is doubled.
Thus, the long-term seasonal variability of vortex encounters at the InSight
landing site is mainly controlled by the advection of convective vortices by
ambient wind speed. Typical tracks followed by vortices forming in the LES show
a similar distribution in direction and length as orbital imagery.
