  Molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) is one of the most broadly utilized solid
lubricants with a wide range of applications, including but not limited to
those in the aerospace/space industry. Here we present a focused review of
solid lubrication with MoS$_2$ by highlighting its structure, synthesis,
applications and the fundamental mechanisms underlying its lubricative
properties, together with a discussion of their environmental and temperature
dependence. An effort is made to cover the main theoretical and experimental
studies that constitute milestones in our scientific understanding. The review
also includes an extensive overview of the structure and tribological
properties of doped MoS$_2$, followed by a discussion of potential future
research directions.
