  The boundary element method (BEM) enables the efficient electromagnetic
modelling of lossy conductors with a surface-based discretization. Existing BEM
techniques for conductor modelling require either expensive dual basis
functions or the use of both single- and double-layer potential operators to
obtain a well-conditioned system matrix. The associated computational cost is
particularly significant when conductors are embedded in stratified media, and
the expensive multilayer Green's function (MGF) must be invoked. In this work,
a novel single-source BEM formulation is proposed, which leads to a
well-conditioned system matrix without the need for dual basis functions. The
proposed single-layer impedance matrix (SLIM) formulation does not require the
double-layer potential to model the background medium, which reduces the cost
associated with the MGF. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is
demonstrated through realistic examples drawn from different applications.
