  For a von Neumann algebra M on a Hilbert space, A. Connes has constructed a
module S and a derivation of M into S, such that M is approximately finite
dimensional if and only if that derivation is inner. The paper contains a
generalization of this result to the situation with a 2-cocycle instead. The
cocycle is the obvious generalization, and the module is closely related to
Connes, but isn't a dual module.
