  Polarization is a degree of freedom of light carrying important information
that is usually absent in intensity and spectral content. Imaging polarimetry
is the process of determining the polarization state of light, either partially
or fully, over an extended scene. It has found several applications in various
fields, from remote sensing to biology. Among different devices for imaging
polarimetry, division of focal plane polarization cameras (DoFP-PCs) are more
compact, less complicated, and less expensive. In general, DoFP-PCs are based
on an array of polarization filters in the focal plane. Here we demonstrate a
new principle and design for DoFP-PCs based on dielectric metasurfaces with the
ability to control polarization and phase. Instead of polarization filtering,
the method is based on splitting and focusing light in three different
polarization bases. Therefore, it enables full-Stokes characterization of the
state of polarization, and overcomes the 50% theoretical efficiency limit of
the polarization-filter-based DoFP-PCs.
