  Lung cancer(LC) is a type of malignant neoplasm that originates in the
bronchial mucosa or glands.As a clinically common nodule,solitary pulmonary
nodules(SPNs) have a significantly higher probability of malignancy when they
are larger than 8 mm in diameter.But there is also a risk of lung cancer when
the diameter is less than 8mm,the purpose of this study was to create a
nomogram for estimating the likelihood of lung cancer in patients with SPNs of
8 mm or smaller using computed tomography(CT) scans and biomarker
information.Use CT scans and various biomarkers as input to build predictive
models for the likelihood of lung cancer in patients with SPNs of 8 mm or
less.The age,precursor gastrin-releasing peptide
(ProGRP),gender,Carcinoembryonic Antigen(CEA),and stress corrosion
cracking(SCC) were independent key tumor markers and were entered into the
nomogram.The developed nomogram demonstrated strong accuracy in predicting lung
cancer risk,with an internal validation area under the receiver operating
characteristics curve(ROC) of 0.8474.The calibration curves plotted showed that
the nomogram predicted the probability of lung cancer with good agreement with
the actual probability.In this study,we finally succeeded in constructing a
suitable nomogram that could predict the risk of lung cancer in patients with
SPNs<=8 mm in diameter.The model has a high level of accuracy and is able to
accurately distinguish between different patients,allowing clinicians to
develop personalized treatment plans for individuals with SPNs.
