  This chapter explores moral responsibility for civilian harms by
human-artificial intelligence (AI) teams. Although militaries may have some bad
apples responsible for war crimes and some mad apples unable to be responsible
for their actions during a conflict, increasingly militaries may 'cook' their
good apples by putting them in untenable decision-making environments through
the processes of replacing human decision-making with AI determinations in war
making. Responsibility for civilian harm in human-AI military teams may be
contested, risking operators becoming detached, being extreme moral witnesses,
becoming moral crumple zones or suffering moral injury from being part of
larger human-AI systems authorised by the state. Acknowledging military ethics,
human factors and AI work to date as well as critical case studies, this
chapter offers new mechanisms to map out conditions for moral responsibility in
human-AI teams. These include: 1) new decision responsibility prompts for
critical decision method in a cognitive task analysis, and 2) applying an AI
workplace health and safety framework for identifying cognitive and
psychological risks relevant to attributions of moral responsibility in
targeting decisions. Mechanisms such as these enable militaries to design
human-centred AI systems for responsible deployment.
