  Ion transport through nanopores permeates through many areas of science and
technology, from cell behavior to sensing and separation to catalysis and
batteries. Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide
(MoS$_2$), and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), are recent additions to these
fields. Low-dimensional materials present new opportunities to develop
filtration, sensing, and power technologies, encompassing ion exclusion
membranes, DNA sequencing, single molecule detection, osmotic power generation,
and beyond. Moreover, the physics of ionic transport through pores and
constrictions within these materials is a distinct realm of competing
many-particle interactions (e.g., solvation/dehydration, electrostatic
blockade, hydrogen bond dynamics) and confinement. This opens up alternative
routes to creating biomimetic pores and may even give analogues of quantum
phenomena, such as quantized conductance, in the classical domain. These
prospects make membranes of 2D materials -- i.e., 2D membranes -- fascinating.
We will discuss the physics and applications of ionic transport through
nanopores in 2D membranes.opores in 2D membranes.
