  We introduce a novel approach for flame volume reconstruction from videos
using inexpensive charge-coupled device (CCD) consumer cameras. The approach
includes an economical data capture technique using inexpensive CCD cameras.
Leveraging the smear feature of the CCD chip, we present a technique for
synchronizing CCD cameras while capturing flame videos from different views.
Our reconstruction is based on the radiative transport equation which enables
complex phenomena such as emission, extinction, and scattering to be used in
the rendering process. Both the color intensity and temperature reconstructions
are implemented using the CUDA parallel computing framework, which provides
real-time performance and allows visualization of reconstruction results after
every iteration. We present the results of our approach using real captured
data and physically-based simulated data. Finally, we also compare our approach
against the other state-of-the-art flame volume reconstruction methods and
demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our approach in four different
applications: (1) rendering of reconstructed flames in virtual environments,
(2) rendering of reconstructed flames in augmented reality, (3) flame
stylization, and (4) reconstruction of other semitransparent phenomena.
