  We have recently demonstrated a very favorable, inexpensive modernization of
lab-based x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and high-resolution x-ray
emission spectroscopy (XES) using only commercially-available optics and x-ray
tube sources. Here, we survey several proven instrument designs that can be
readily implemented in any laboratory setting to achieve synchrotron-quality
XAFS and XES for many systems in the 5 keV to 10 keV energy range. These
approaches are based on our immediate experience with the development of: (1)
an inexpensive, low-powered monochromator capable of performing either XAFS or
XES, (2) a mid-scale XAFS user facility having 10^6/sec flux with sub-eV
bandwidth on each of two independent beamlines, and (3) multiple XES
spectrometers having 3rd-generation synchrotron performance for battery and
actinide research.
