  The good agreement between large-scale observations and the predictions of
the now-standard $\Lambda$CDM theory gives us hope that this will become a
lasting foundation for cosmology. After briefly reviewing the current status of
the key cosmological parameters, I summarize several of the main areas of
possible disagreement between theory and observation: big bang nucleosynthesis,
galaxy centers, dark matter substructure, and angular momentum, updating my
earlier reviews [1]. The issues in all of these are sufficiently complicated
that it is not yet clear how serious they are, but there is at least some
reason to think that the problems will be resolved through a deeper
understanding of the complicated astrophysics involved in such processes as gas
cooling, star formation, and feedback from supernovae and AGN. Meanwhile,
searches for dark matter are dramatically improving in sensitivity, and gamma
rays from dark matter annihilation at the galactic center may have been
detected by H.E.S.S.
