  Agents often exert influence when interacting with humans and non-human
agents. However, the ethical status of such influence is often unclear. In this
paper, we present the SHAPE framework, which lists reasons why influence may be
unethical. We draw on literature from descriptive and moral philosophy and
connect it to machine learning to help guide ethical considerations when
developing algorithms with potential influence. Lastly, we explore mechanisms
for governing algorithmic systems that influence people, inspired by mechanisms
used in journalism, human subject research, and advertising.
