  Humanity's progress in combating hunger, poverty, and child mortality is
marred by escalating environmental degradation due to rising greenhouse gas
emissions and climate change impacts. Despite positive developments, ecosystems
are suffering globally. Regional strategies for mitigating and adapting to
climate change must be viewed from a global perspective. The 2015 UN
Sustainable Development Goals reflect the challenge of balancing social and
environmental aspects for sustainable development. Agriculture, vital for food
production, also threatens Earth systems. A study examines the interplay of
land-use impacts, modeling crop and livestock trade, and their effects on
climate, biodiversity, water, and land using a Partial-Equilibrium Agricultural
Sector Model. Different scenarios involving taxing externalities related to
Earth processes were tested. Results show synergies in reducing emissions,
biodiversity loss, water use, and phosphorus pollution, driven by shifts in
crop management. Nitrogen application and deforestation scenarios exhibit
weaker synergies and more conflicts. The study offers insights into SDG
interactions and the potential for sustainable farming.
