  This paper examines the integration of freight delivery into the passenger
transport of an on-demand ride-pooling service. The goal of this research is to
use existing passenger trips for logistics services and thus reduce additional
vehicle kilometers for freight delivery and the total number of vehicles on the
road network. This is achieved by merging the need for two separate fleets into
a single one by combining the services. To evaluate the potential of such a
mobility-on-demand service, this paper uses an agent-based simulation framework
and integrates three heuristic parcel assignment strategies into a ride-pooling
fleet control algorithm. Two integration scenarios (moderate and full) are set
up. While in both scenarios passengers and parcels share rides in one vehicle,
in the moderate scenario no stops for parcel pick-up and delivery are allowed
during a passenger ride to decrease customer inconvenience. Using real-world
demand data for a case study of Munich, Germany, the two integration scenarios
together with the three assignment strategies are compared to the status quo,
which uses two separate vehicle fleets for passenger and logistics transport.
The results indicate that the integration of logistics services into a
ride-pooling service is possible and can exploit unused system capacities
without deteriorating passenger transport. Depending on the assignment
strategies nearly all parcels can be served until a parcel to passenger demand
ratio of 1:10 while the overall fleet kilometers can be deceased compared to
the status quo.
