  From 2005 through 2012, the Fermilab Main Injector provided intense beams of
120 GeV protons to produce neutrino beams and antiprotons. Hardware
improvements in conjunction with improved diagnostics allowed the system to
reach sustained operation at ~400 kW beam power. Transmission was very high
except for beam lost at or near the 8 GeV injection energy where 95% beam
transmission results in about 1.5 kW of beam loss. By minimizing and localizing
loss, residual radiation levels fell while beam power was doubled. Lost beam
was directed to either the collimation system or to the beam abort. Critical
apertures were increased while improved instrumentation allowed optimal use of
available apertures. We will summarize the improvements required to achieve
high intensity, the impact of various loss control tools and the status and
trends in residual radiation in the Main Injector.
