  A modulated model predictive controller is designed for an inductor-less
modular multilevel converter targeting an MVDC solid-state transformer
application. The underlying optimization problem is formulated such that a
unique closed-form solution is derived from a highly accurate dynamic system
model, which significantly reduces computation time. Unlike other closed-form
methods, the proposed controller achieves inductor-less current control, has a
reduced sampling speed enabled by a novel model-based circulating energy
compensator, and does not require tuned PI controllers to generate current
references. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed
controller achieves transient power flow control and steady state circulating
energy control despite the low system inertia.
