  With the growing reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) for many different
applications, the sharing of code, data, and models is important to ensure the
replicability and democratization of scientific knowledge. Many high-profile
academic publishing venues expect code and models to be submitted and released
with papers. Furthermore, developers often want to release these assets to
encourage development of technology that leverages their frameworks and
services. A number of organizations have expressed concerns about the
inappropriate or irresponsible use of AI and have proposed ethical guidelines
around the application of such systems. While such guidelines can help set
norms and shape policy, they are not easily enforceable. In this paper, we
advocate the use of licensing to enable legally enforceable behavioral use
conditions on software and code and provide several case studies that
demonstrate the feasibility of behavioral use licensing. We envision how
licensing may be implemented in accordance with existing responsible AI
guidelines.
