  Intensive work on quantum computing has increased interest in quantum
cryptography in recent years. Although this technique is characterized by a
very high level of security, there are still challenges that limit the
widespread use of quantum key distribution. One of the most important problem
remains secure and effective mechanisms for the key distillation process. This
article presents a new idea for a key reconciliation method in quantum
cryptography. This proposal assumes the use of mutual synchronization of
artificial neural networks to correct errors occurring during transmission in
the quantum channel. Users can build neural networks based on their own string
of bits. The typical value of the quantum bit error rate does not exceed a few
percent, therefore the strings are similar and also users' neural networks are
very similar at the beginning of the learning process. It has been shown that
the synchronization process in the new solution is much faster than in the
analogous scenario used in neural cryptography. This feature significantly
increases the level of security because a potential eavesdropper cannot
effectively synchronize their own artificial neural networks in order to obtain
information about the key. Therefore, the key reconciliation based on the new
idea can be a secure and efficient solution.
