  This paper focuses on the simulation of a tunable metamaterial absorber
designed for the infrared region. Adsorbents offer three different mechanisms
to adjust their absorption characteristics. The first method involves changes
in temperature. When the temperature changes, the electrical conductivity of
the active material, vanadium dioxide (VO2), also changes. This transition
between insulating and conducting phases at different temperatures provides the
possibility to adjust the absorption spectrum of the metamaterial. By
exploiting the thermochromic properties of VO2, the conductivity of the
material can be dynamically adjusted over a wide range. Through temperature
control, the conductivity of VO2 changes from 200 S/m to 2*105 S/m, resulting
in a continuous adjustment of the absorption peak intensity. The second method
relies on applying an electric field. By applying an electric field in the
transverse direction of the lead zirconate titanate )PZT( material, the size of
the piezoelectric material undergoes changes and bending. Consequently, the
entire structure bends, leading to a change in the shape of the absorber. This
mechanism allows for precise control of the absorber's shape by applying
different voltages, which in turn enables the modification of the absorption
peak.
