  Any human-designed system can potentially be exploited in ways that its
designers did not envision, and information systems or networks using quantum
components do not escape this reality. We are presented with a unique but
quickly waning opportunity to bring cybersecurity concerns to the forefront for
quantum information systems before they become widely deployed. The resources
and knowledge required to do so, however, may not be common in the
cybersecurity community. Yet, a nexus exist. Cybersecurity starts with risk,
and there are good taxonomies for security vulnerabilities and impacts in
classical systems. In this paper, we propose a preliminary taxonomy for quantum
cybersecurity vulnerabilities that accounts for the latest advances in quantum
information systems, and must evolve to incorporate well-established
cybersecurity principles and methodologies. We envision a testbed environment
designed and instrumented with the specific purpose of enabling a broad
collaborative community of cybersecurity and quantum information system experts
to conduct experimental evaluation of software and hardware security including
both physical and virtual quantum components. Furthermore, we envision that
such a resource may be available as a user facility to the open science
research community.
