  Due to the increasing occurrence of natural disasters, importance of
maintaining sustainable energy for cities and society is felt more than ever.
On the other hand, power loss reduction is a challenging issue of active
distribution networks (ADNs). In this paper, a new convex optimization model is
proposed with two objective functions including energy loss reduction in normal
operating mode and system load shedding minimization in critical conditions
after the occurrence of natural disasters. This purpose is fulfilled through
optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG) units from both conventional
and renewable types as well as energy storage systems (ESSs). In addition, a
new formulation has been derived to form optimal micro-grids (MGs) aiming at
energy loss reduction in normal operating condition and resiliency index
improvement under emergency situations. The developed model is implemented in
GAMS software and the studies have been tested and analyzed on the IEEE 33-bus
system. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of
energy loss reduction as well as resilience enhancement in extreme operation
condition following severe disruptions in the system.
