  We study the non-linear structure of Type IIB eight-derivative couplings
involving the metric and the complexified three-form $G_3$. We show that, at
the level of five-point string amplitudes, the kinematics in the maximally
R-symmetry-violating sector is fully matched by standard superspace integrals
and by superparticle amplitudes in M-theory on a two-torus. The latter approach
is used to determine the complete effective action in this sector and to verify
its invariance under SL$(2,\mathbb{Z})$ duality. We further comment on the
general structure of the higher-point kinematics. Compactifications to lower
dimensions provide both tests for our results and the arena for their
applications. We verify that K3 reductions are fully consistent with the
constraints of six-dimensional supersymmetry, and derive the four-dimensional
flux scalar potential and axion kinetic terms at order $(\alpha^{\prime})^{3}$
in Calabi-Yau threefold reductions.
