  Models on innovation, for the most part, do not include a comprehensive and
end-to-end view. Most innovation policy attention seems to be focused on the
capacity to innovate and on input factors such as R&D investment, scientific
institutions, human resources and capital. Such inputs frequently serve as
proxies for innovativeness and are correlated with intermediate outputs such as
patent counts and outcomes such as GDP per capita. While this kind of analysis
is generally indicative of innovative behaviour, it is less useful in terms of
discriminating causality and what drives successful strategy or public policy
interventions. This situation has led to the developing of new frameworks for
the innovation system led by National Science and Technology Policy Centres
across the globe. These new models of innovation are variously referred to as
the National Innovation Ecosystem. There is, however, a fundamental question
that needs to be answered: what elements should an innovation policy include,
and how should such policies be implemented? This paper attempts to answer this
question.
