  The identification of extraterrestrial life is one the most exciting and
challenging endeavors in space research. The existence of extinct or extant
life can be inferred from biogenic elements, isotopes, and molecules, but
accurate and sensitive instruments are needed. In this whitepaper we show that
Laser-based Mass Spectrometers are promising instrument for the in situ
identification of atomic, isotopic, and molecular biosignatures. An overview of
Laser ablation/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LIMS) and Laser
Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LD-MS) instruments developed for space
exploration is given. Their uses are discussed in the context of a Mars
scenario and a Europa scenario. We show that Laser-based Mass Spectrometers are
versatile and technologically mature instruments with many beneficial
characteristics for the detection of life. Future planetary lander and rover
missions should be encouraged to make use of Laser-based Mass Spectrometry
instruments in their scientific payload.
