  Over the past half-century, the combination of technology and innovation has
been developed to manage the negative impact of synthetic fertilizer on land
ecosystems to identify the limitations of sustainability and optimize
agricultural systems. The application of nano-fertilizers has achieved
considerable interest due to their significant role as environmentally
sustainable resources and soil health. Moreover, the increasing global
population increased food insecurity, especially under climate change.
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising alternative to help improving crop
growth and productivity. However, un-balanced presence and long-term use of
nano-particles alter photosynthesis, and induce cellular redox imbalances
resulting in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA oxidative damage in
plants, so more studies are still needed on their safe application with minimum
side effects. In this paper, we reviewed nano-fertilizer mechanisms in plant,
as well as their effects on microbiome and interaction with soil colloids. This
study reviews the recent studies and findings about role of Nanotechnology in
plant nutrition use efficiency to summarize a better understanding of this
important issue. A comprehensive picture of ecological issues such as soil and
water contamination in response to nano-fertilizer application will also be
assessed.
