  Multi-tiered large memory systems call for rethinking of memory profiling and
migration because of the unique problems unseen in the traditional memory
systems with smaller capacity and fewer tiers. We develop MTM, an
application-transparent page management system based on three principles: (1)
connecting the control of profiling overhead with the profiling mechanism for
high-quality profiling; (2) building a universal page migration policy on the
complex multi-tiered memory for high performance; and (3) introducing huge page
awareness. We evaluate MTM using common big-data applications with realistic
working sets (hundreds of GB to 1 TB). MTM outperforms seven state-of-the-art
solutions by up to 42% (17% on average)
