  Computers have been used to analyze and create music since they were first
introduced in the 1950s and 1960s. Beginning in the late 1990s, the rise of the
Internet and large scale platforms for music recommendation and retrieval have
made music an increasingly prevalent domain of machine learning and artificial
intelligence research. While still nascent, several different approaches have
been employed to tackle what may broadly be referred to as "musical
intelligence." This article provides a definition of musical intelligence,
introduces a taxonomy of its constituent components, and surveys the wide range
of AI methods that can be, and have been, brought to bear in its pursuit, with
a particular emphasis on machine learning methods.
