  Measurement-based quantum computing relies on the rapid creation of
large-scale entanglement in a register of stable qubits. Atomic arrays are well
suited to store quantum information, and entanglement can be created using
highly-excited Rydberg states. Typically, isolating pairs during gate operation
is difficult because Rydberg interactions feature long tails at large
distances. Here, we engineer distance-selective interactions that are strongly
peaked in distance through off-resonant laser coupling of molecular potentials
between Rydberg atom pairs. Employing quantum gas microscopy, we verify the
dressed interactions by observing correlated phase evolution using many-body
Ramsey interferometry. We identify atom loss and coupling to continuum modes as
a limitation of our present scheme and outline paths to mitigate these effects,
paving the way towards the creation of large-scale entanglement.
