  A major concern in modern power systems is that the popularity and
fluctuating characteristics of renewable energy may cause more and more
transmission congestion events. Traditional congestion management modeling
involves AC or DC power flow equations, while the former equation always
accompanies great amount of computation, and the latter cannot consider voltage
amplitude and reactive power. Therefore, this paper proposes a congestion
management approach incorporating a specially-designed generalized generator
shift distribution factor (GSDF) to derive a computationally-efficient and
accurate management strategies. This congestion management strategy involves
multiple balancing generators for generation shift operation. The proposed
model is superior in a low computational complexity (linear equation) and
versatile modeling representation with full consideration of voltage amplitude
and reactive power.
