  Despite the success of our best models in Theoretical Physics, especially
concerning Cosmology and Particle Physics, we still face persistent challenges.
Among them we have the cosmological singularity problem, understanding the
late-time acceleration of the Universe, and comprehending the fundamental
nature of time. We believe relevant new insights to tackle each of these issues
may be found in the Philosophy of Cosmology. We elaborate on three
philosophical principles that shall guide us on how to improve our current
theories. They are the Copernican Principle for Scales, the Cosmological
Heterarchical Principle and the Cosmological Principle of Irreversibility.
Following these principles, and using some of our current physical theories as
a proxy to implement them, we consider a new assessment of each of these
challenges, and show how they may be either explained away, hinting towards new
physics, or summarized in a new philosophical principle.
