  The device fingerprinting technique extracts fingerprints based on the
hardware characteristics of the device to identify the device. The primary goal
of device fingerprinting is to accurately and uniquely identify a device, which
requires the generated device fingerprints to have good stability to achieve
long-term tracking of the target device. However, the fingerprints generated by
some existing fingerprinting technologies are not stable enough or change
frequently, making it impossible to track the target device for a long time. In
this paper, we present FPHammer, a novel DRAM-based fingerprinting technique.
The device fingerprint generated by our technique has high stability and can be
used to track the device for a long time. We leverage the Rowhammer technique
to repeatedly and quickly access a row in DRAM to get bit flips in its adjacent
row. We then construct a physical fingerprint of the device based on the
locations of the collected bit flips. The evaluation results of the uniqueness
and reliability of the physical fingerprint show that it can be used to
distinguish devices with the same hardware and software configuration. The
experimental results on device identification demonstrate that the physical
fingerprints engendered by our innovative technique are inherently linked to
the entirety of the device rather than just the DRAM module. Even if the device
modifies software-level parameters such as MAC address and IP address or even
reinstalls the operating system, we can accurately identify the target device.
This demonstrates that FPHammer can generate stable fingerprints that are not
affected by software layer parameters.
