  While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in
many tasks, much about their inner workings remains unclear. In this study, we
present novel experimental insights into the resilience of LLMs, particularly
GPT-4, when subjected to extensive character-level permutations. To investigate
this, we first propose the Scrambled Bench, a suite designed to measure the
capacity of LLMs to handle scrambled input, in terms of both recovering
scrambled sentences and answering questions given scrambled context. The
experimental results indicate that most powerful LLMs demonstrate the
capability akin to typoglycemia, a phenomenon where humans can understand the
meaning of words even when the letters within those words are scrambled, as
long as the first and last letters remain in place. More surprisingly, we found
that only GPT-4 nearly flawlessly processes inputs with unnatural errors, even
under the extreme condition, a task that poses significant challenges for other
LLMs and often even for humans. Specifically, GPT-4 can almost perfectly
reconstruct the original sentences from scrambled ones, decreasing the edit
distance by 95%, even when all letters within each word are entirely scrambled.
It is counter-intuitive that LLMs can exhibit such resilience despite severe
disruption to input tokenization caused by scrambled text.
