  Numerous fires break out, especially from January to March every year,
destroying thousands of shelters in the Rohingya Refugee Camps. In this study,
a computational approach has been taken to analyze the fire dynamic behavior of
informal settlements (ISs) in Rohingya Refugee Camps. The design parameters for
the mathematical model are determined based on a comprehensive survey carried
out in Rohingya Refugee Camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. This survey is
conducted on three camps having distinctive fuel features, i.e., Kutupalong
Registered Camp (KRC), Camp 5, and Camp 4 Extension (Ex), in order to
accumulate data on the type, density, arrangement of fuel, etc. Using the
dataset of almost 500 shelters having 42 fuel characteristics features,
simplified small scale representation of each camp under fire had been modelled
in Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). It is found that Camp 5 is more vulnerable to
fire hazard than Camp 4 Ex and KRC because of the dense fuel arrangement,
bamboo structure and negligible separation distance between ISs. KRC's brick
exterior acts as a fire barrier, and thereby despite having the largest
internal fuel load of all three camps, prevents further spreading of fire from
the ignited enclosure. It is also found that type of building material and
separation distance are crucial for fire spread and increasing fuel load
density causes the ceiling temperature to rise higher and the flashover point
to approach faster. The findings of our study can be helpful for informed
decision making of fire safety measures in the Rohingya Refugee Camps.
