  High transverse momentum jets produced in pp collisions at a centre of mass
energy of 7 TeV are used to measure the transverse energy-energy correlation
function and its associated azimuthal asymmetry. The data were recorded with
the ATLAS detector at the LHC in the year 2011 and correspond to an integrated
luminosity of 158 $\mathrm{pb}^{-1}$. The selection criteria demand the average
transverse momentum of the two leading jets in an event to be larger than 250
GeV. The data at detector level are well described by Monte Carlo event
generators. They are unfolded to the particle level and compared with
theoretical calculations at next-to-leading-order accuracy. The agreement
between data and theory is good and provides a precision test of perturbative
Quantum Chromodynamics at large momentum transfers. From this comparison, the
strong coupling constant given at the $Z$ boson mass is determined to be
$\alpha_{\mathrm{s}}(m_Z) = 0.1173 \pm 0.0010 \mbox{ (exp.)
}^{+0.0065}_{-0.0026} \mbox{ (theo.)}$.
