  Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with an interest in AI ethics
need more integrative approaches for studying and intervening in AI systems
across many contexts and scales of activity. This paper presents AI value
chains as an integrative concept that satisfies that need. To more clearly
theorize AI value chains and conceptually distinguish them from supply chains,
we review theories of value chains and AI value chains from the strategic
management, service science, economic geography, industry, government, and
applied research literature. We then conduct an integrative review of a sample
of 67 sources that cover the ethical concerns implicated in AI value chains.
Building upon the findings of our integrative review, we recommend four future
directions that researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can take to
advance more ethical practices of AI development and use across AI value
chains. Our review and recommendations contribute to the advancement of
research agendas, industrial agendas, and policy agendas that seek to study and
intervene in the ethics of AI value chains.
