  Starting from the revelation of the nature of inertial forces, this article
discusses the subdivision of the basic physical concept of space-time and
raises questions about the metric of standard cosmology. A new form of particle
dynamics equation which is strictly applicable to any translational reference
frame is rigorously derived within the framework of Newtonian dynamics. This
necessary brings three important implications. Firstly, a comprehensive and
detailed derivation of the generalized dynamics equation strongly suggests that
the fundamental concept of space-time in physics should distinguish between the
absolute background of space-time and the relative inherent units of
space-time. Secondly, the inertial force is successfully revealed as the real
force acting on the reference object, which directly conflicts with Einstein's
strong equivalence principle. Thirdly, Einstein's idea in general relativity to
eliminate the dependence on inertial reference frames loses logical support.
Based on these new physics and results, a properly adjusted physical picture of
space-time is introduced. In this spirit, the gravitational redshift effect in
the Schwarzschild metric is also successfully re-interpreted. Correspondingly,
the FRWL standard cosmological metric is necessary modified. A new factor
$b(t)$ must be introduced into the time term $dt$ to represent the time
dilation effect caused by the increase in the potential energy of cosmic
average gravitation on the longitudinal direction of time. Qualitative analysis
indicates that the proposition of dark energy can be alleviated, and at the
very least, a re-analysis should be conducted based on the proposed new
cosmological metric.
