  This paper has investigated the growth pattern of traffic oscillations by
using vehicle trajectory data in a car following experiment. We measured the
standard deviation of acceleration, emission and fuel consumption of each
vehicle in the car-following platoon. We found that: (1) Similar to the
standard deviation of speed, these indices exhibit a common feature of concave
growth pattern along vehicles in the platoon; (2) The emission and fuel
consumption of each vehicle decrease remarkably when the average speed of the
platoon increases from low value; However, when reaches 30km/h, the change of
emission and fuel consumption with is not so significant; (3), the correlations
of emission and fuel consumption with both the standard deviation of
acceleration and the speed oscillation are strong. Simulations show that with
the memory effect of drivers taken into account, the improved two-dimensional
intelligent driver model is able to reproduce the common feature of traffic
oscillation evolution quite well.
