  In this paper we review present state of theoretical and observational
exploration of isolated neutron stars. We mainly discuss objects which do not
show usual radiopulsar activity. We include into our review the following types
of objects: dim X-ray sources in the Galactic disk and in globular clusters;
compact X-ray sources in supernova remnants; anomalous X-ray pulsars; soft
gamma repeaters; Geminga. Also we briefly discuss related types of objects:
isolated black holes, quark stars and supernovae.
  We review basic physical processes connected with evolution of isolated
neutron stars: cooling; magnetic field decay; period evolution; magnetospheric
processes, accretion. We discuss populational synthesis of isolated neutron
stars of different types.
