  Augmented Reality (AR) holds the potential to revolutionize surgical
procedures by allowing surgeons to visualize critical structures within the
patient's body. This is achieved through superimposing preoperative organ
models onto the actual anatomy. Challenges arise from dynamic deformations of
organs during surgery, making preoperative models inadequate for faithfully
representing intraoperative anatomy. To enable reliable navigation in augmented
surgery, modeling of intraoperative deformation to obtain an accurate alignment
of the preoperative organ model with the intraoperative anatomy is
indispensable. Despite the existence of various methods proposed to model
intraoperative organ deformation, there are still few literature reviews that
systematically categorize and summarize these approaches. This review aims to
fill this gap by providing a comprehensive and technical-oriented overview of
modeling methods for intraoperative organ deformation in augmented reality in
surgery. Through a systematic search and screening process, 112 closely
relevant papers were included in this review. By presenting the current status
of organ deformation modeling methods and their clinical applications, this
review seeks to enhance the understanding of organ deformation modeling in
AR-guided surgery, and discuss the potential topics for future advancements.
