  Three-dimensional (3D) micro-electromagnets were developed to control
particle motion in magnetic field landscapes in vacuum near a chip. Multiple
layers of micron-scale conductors separated by transparent insulators create
particle containers with deep, symmetric and time-dependent potentials,
suitable for integration in quantum circuits. Single and coupled multiple 3D
traps, integrated 3D traps with a mirror, 3D guides for neutral particles with
spin, and traps for electrons in vacuum are described.
