  Controlling building electric loads could alleviate the increasing grid
strain caused by the adoption of renewables and electrification. However,
current approaches that automatically setback thermostats on the hottest day
compromise their efficacy by neglecting human-building interaction (HBI). This
study aims to define challenges and opportunities for developing engineering
models of HBI to be used in the design of controls for grid-interactive
efficient buildings (GEBs). Building system and measured and just-in-time
surveyed psychophysiological data were collected from 41 participants in 20
homes from April-September. ASHRAE Standard 55 thermal comfort models for
building design were evaluated with these data. Increased error bias was
observed with increasing spatiotemporal temperature variations. Unsurprising,
considering these models neglect such variance, but questioning their
suitability for GEBs controlling thermostat setpoints, and given the observed
4{\deg}F intra-home spatial temperature variation. The results highlight
opportunities for reducing these biases in GEBs through a paradigm shift to
modeling discomfort instead of comfort, increasing use of low-cost sensors, and
models that account for the observed dynamic occupant behavior: of the
thermostat setpoint overrides made with 140-minutes of a previous setpoint
change, 95% of small changes ( 2{\deg}F) were made with 120-minutes, while 95%
of larger changes ( 10{\deg}F) were made within only 70-minutes.
