  We investigate massive multiple-input-multiple output (MIMO) uplink systems
with 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on each receiver antenna.
Receivers that rely on 1-bit ADC do not need energy-consuming interfaces such
as automatic gain control (AGC). This decreases both ADC building and
operational costs. Our design is based on maximal ratio combining (MRC),
zero-forcing (ZF), and least squares (LS) detection, taking into account the
effects of the 1-bit ADC on channel estimation. Through numerical results, we
show good performance of the system in terms of mutual information and symbol
error rate (SER). Furthermore, we provide an analytical approach to calculate
the mutual information and SER of the MRC receiver. The analytical approach
reduces complexity in the sense that a symbol and channel noise vectors Monte
Carlo simulation is avoided.
