  The Gaussian curvature of a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold is uniquely
determined by the choice of the metric. The formulas for computing the
curvature in terms of components of the metric, in isothermal coordinates,
involve the Laplacian operator and therefore, the problem of finding a
Riemannian metric for a given curvature form may be viewed as a potential
theory problem. This problem has, generally speaking, a multitude of solutions.
To specify the solution uniquely, we ask that the metric have the mean value
property for harmonic functions with respect to some given point. This means
that we assume that the surface is simply connected and that it has a smooth
boundary. In terms of the so-called metric potential, we are looking for a
unique smooth solution to a nonlinear fourth order elliptic partial
differential equation with second order Cauchy data given on the boundary. We
find a simple condition on the curvature form which ensures that there exists a
smooth mean value surface solution. It reads: the curvature form plus half the
curvature form for the hyperbolic plane (with the same coordinates) should be
$\le0$. The same analysis leads to results on the question of whether the
canonical divisors in weighted Bergman spaces over the unit disk have
extraneous zeros. Numerical work suggests that the above condition on the
curvature form is essentially sharp.
  Our problem is in spirit analogous to the classical Minkowski problem, where
the sphere supplies the chart coordinates via the Gauss map.
