  In recent time, the standards for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) and
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) matured and scientific and industry
interest is high especially as autonomous driving gets a lot of media
attention. Autonomous driving and other assistance systems for cars make heavy
use of VANETs to exchange information.They may provide more comfort, security
and safety for drivers. However, it is of crucial importance for the user's
trust in these assistance systems that they could not be influenced by
malicious users. VANETs are likely attack vectors for such malicious users,
hence application-specific security requirements must be considered during the
design of applications using VANETs. In literature, many attacks on vehicular
communication have been described but attacks on specific vehicular networking
applications are often missing. This paper fills in this gap by describing
standardized vehicular networking applications, defining and extending previous
attacker models, and using the resulting new models to characterize the
possible attackers interested in the specific vehicular networking application.
The attacker models presented in this paper hopefully provide great benefit for
the scientific community and industry as they allow to compare security
evaluations of different works, characterize attackers, their intentions and
help to plan application-specific security controls for vehicular networking
applications.
