  We investigate the quark-level effective operators related to the
neutrinoless double beta $(0\nu\beta\beta)$ decay process, and their
ultraviolet completions relevant to chiral enhancement effects at the hadronic
level. We have classified several kinds of leptoquark models, matching to
different standard model effective operators. Assuming weakly-coupled new
physics, we find the ongoing $0\nu\beta\beta$-decay experiments are sensitive
to new physics scale at around $2\sim 4$ TeV, which is in the reach of LHC
searches. We discuss the discovery potential of such resonances in the
same-sign dilepton channels at the LHC. Therefore, the direct LHC searches and
indirect $0\nu\beta\beta$-decay searches are complementary to each other in
testing the UV completions of the effective operators for $0\nu\beta\beta$
decay.
