  We present the first measurement of the ratio of branching fractions of
inclusive semileptonic $B$-meson decays, $R(X_{e/\mu}) = \mathcal{B}(B\to X \,
e \, \nu) / \mathcal{B}(B\to X \, \mu \, \nu)$, a precision test of
electron-muon universality, using data corresponding to $189\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$
from electron-positron collisions collected with the Belle II detector. In
events where the partner $B$ meson is fully reconstructed, we use fits to the
lepton momentum spectra above $1.3\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$ to obtain $R(X_{e/\mu}) =
1.007 \pm 0.009~(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.019~(\mathrm{syst})$, which is the most
precise lepton-universality test of its kind and agrees with the standard-model
expectation.
