  The empirical relation between density and velocity of pedestrian movement is
not completely analyzed, particularly with regard to the `microscopic' causes
which determine the relation at medium and high densities. The simplest system
for the investigation of this dependency is the normal movement of pedestrians
along a line (single-file movement). This article presents experimental results
for this system under laboratory conditions and discusses the following
observations: The data show a linear relation between the velocity and the
inverse of the density, which can be regarded as the required length of one
pedestrian to move. Furthermore we compare the results for the single-file
movement with literature data for the movement in a plane. This comparison
shows an unexpected conformance between the fundamental diagrams, indicating
that lateral interference has negligible influence on the velocity-density
relation at the density domain $1 m^{-2}<\rho<5 m^{-2}$. In addition we test a
procedure for automatic recording of pedestrian flow characteristics. We
present preliminary results on measurement range and accuracy of this method.
