  Open Source Software (OSS) has changed drastically over the last decade, with
OSS projects now producing a large ecosystem of popular products, involving
industry participation, and providing professional career opportunities. But
our field's understanding of what motivates people to contribute to OSS is
still fundamentally grounded in studies from the early 2000s. With the changed
landscape of OSS, it is very likely that motivations to join OSS have also
evolved. Through a survey of 242 OSS contributors, we investigate shifts in
motivation from three perspectives: (1) the impact of the new OSS landscape,
(2) the impact of individuals' personal growth as they become part of OSS
communities, and (3) the impact of differences in individuals' demographics.
Our results show that some motivations related to social aspects and reputation
increased in frequency and that some intrinsic and internalized motivations,
such as learning and intellectual stimulation, are still highly relevant. We
also found that contributing to OSS often transforms extrinsic motivations to
intrinsic, and that while experienced contributors often shift toward altruism,
novices often shift toward career, fun, kinship, and learning. OSS projects can
leverage our results to revisit current strategies to attract and retain
contributors, and researchers and tool builders can better support the design
of new studies and tools to engage and support OSS development.
