  The appearance of the Fermi arcs or gapless regions at the nodes of the Fermi
surface just above the critical temperature is described through
self-consistent calculations in an electronic disordered medium. We develop a
model for cuprate superconductors based on an array of Josephson junctions
formed by grains of inhomogeneous electronic density derived from a phase
separation transition. This approach provides physical insights to the most
important properties of these materials like the pseudogap phase as forming by
the onset of local (intragrain) superconducting amplitudes and the zero
resistivity critical temperature $T_c$ due to phase coherence activated by
Josephson coupling. The formation of the Fermi arcs and the dichotomy in
k-space follows from the direction dependence of the junctions tunneling
current on the d-wave symmetry on the $CuO_2$ planes. We show that this
semi-phenomenological approach reproduces also the main future of the cuprates
phase diagram.
