  This study investigated the effect of harsh winter climate on the performance
of high speed passenger trains in northern Sweden. Novel approaches based on
heterogeneous statistical models were introduced to analyse the train
performance in order to take the time-varying risks of train delays into
consideration. Specifically, stratified Cox model and heterogeneous Markov
chain model were used for modelling primary delays and arrival delays,
respectively. Our results showed that the weather variables including
temperature, humidity, snow depth, and ice/snow precipitation have significant
impact on the train performance.
