  The prevalence of convolution neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformers
(ViTs) has markedly revolutionized the area of single-image super-resolution
(SISR). To further boost the SR performances, several techniques, such as
residual learning and attention mechanism, are introduced, which can be largely
attributed to a wider range of activated area, that is, the input pixels that
strongly influence the SR results. However, the possibility of further
improving SR performance through another versatile vision backbone remains an
unresolved challenge. To address this issue, in this paper, we unleash the
representation potential of the modern state space model, i.e., Vision Mamba
(Vim), in the context of SISR. Specifically, we present three recipes for
better utilization of Vim-based models: 1) Integration into a MetaFormer-style
block; 2) Pre-training on a larger and broader dataset; 3) Employing
complementary attention mechanism, upon which we introduce the MMA. The
resulting network MMA is capable of finding the most relevant and
representative input pixels to reconstruct the corresponding high-resolution
images. Comprehensive experimental analysis reveals that MMA not only achieves
competitive or even superior performance compared to state-of-the-art SISR
methods but also maintains relatively low memory and computational overheads
(e.g., +0.5 dB PSNR elevation on Manga109 dataset with 19.8 M parameters at the
scale of 2). Furthermore, MMA proves its versatility in lightweight SR
applications. Through this work, we aim to illuminate the potential
applications of state space models in the broader realm of image processing
rather than SISR, encouraging further exploration in this innovative direction.
