  Systems with the quantum numbers of up to twelve charged and neutral
pseudoscalar mesons, as well as one-, two-, and three-nucleon systems, are
studied using dynamical lattice quantum chromodynamics and quantum
electrodynamics (QCD+QED) calculations and effective field theory. QED effects
on hadronic interactions are determined by comparing systems of charged and
neutral hadrons after tuning the quark masses to remove strong isospin breaking
effects. A non-relativistic effective field theory, which perturbatively
includes finite-volume Coulomb effects, is analyzed for systems of multiple
charged hadrons and found to accurately reproduce the lattice QCD+QED results.
QED effects on charged multi-hadron systems beyond Coulomb photon exchange are
determined by comparing the two- and three-body interaction parameters
extracted from the lattice QCD+QED results for charged and neutral multi-hadron
systems.
