  In this research, we investigate Net-Zero Energy Houses (ZEH), which harness
regionally produced electricity from photovoltaic(PV) panels and fuel cells,
integrating them into a local power system in pursuit of achieving carbon
neutrality. This paper examines the impact of electricity sharing among users
who are working towards attaining ZEH status through the integration of PV
panels and battery storage devices. We propose two potential scenarios: the
first assumes that all users individually invest in storage devices, hence
minimizing their costs on a local level without energy sharing; the second
envisions cost minimization through the collective use of a shared storage
device, managed by a central manager. These two scenarios are formulated as a
stochastic convex optimization and a cooperative game, respectively. To tackle
the stochastic challenges posed by multiple random variables, we apply the
Monte Carlo sample average approximation (SAA) to the problems. To demonstrate
the practical applicability of these models, we implement the proposed
scenarios in the Jono neighborhood in Kitakyushu, Japan.
