  Large deformation analysis in geomechanics plays an important role in
understanding the nature of post-failure flows and hazards associated with
landslides under different natural calamities. In this study, a SPH framework
is proposed for large deformation and failure analysis of geomaterials. An
adaptive B-spline kernel function in combination with a pressure zone approach
is proposed to counteract the numerical issues associated with tensile
instability. The proposed algorithm is validated using a soil cylinder drop
problem, and the results are compared with FEM. Finally, the effectiveness of
the proposed algorithm in the successful removal of tensile instability and
stress noise is demonstrated using the well-studied slope failure simulation of
a cohesive soil vertical cut.
