  Purpose: We have been investigating 2D antiscatter grids (2D ASG) to reduce
scatter fluence and improve image quality in cone beam computed tomography
(CBCT). In this work, two different aspects of 2D ASGs, their scatter rejection
and correction capability, were investigated in CBCT experiments. To correct
residual scatter transmitted through the 2D ASG, it was used as a scatter
measurement device with a novel method: grid-based scatter sampling. Methods:
Three focused 2D ASG prototypes with grid ratios of 8, 12, and 16 were
developed for linac-mounted CBCT geometry. In the first phase, 2D ASGs were
used as a scatter rejection device, and the effect of grid ratio on CT number
accuracy and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) evaluated in CBCT images. In the
second phase, the grid-based scatter sampling method was implemented. The
percent change in CT numbers was measured by changing the phantom size from
head to pelvis configuration.Results: When 2D ASG was used as a scatter
rejection device, CT number variation due to change in phantom dimensions was
reduced from 23% to 2 - 6%. A grid ratio of 16 yielded the lowest CT number
variation. All three 2D ASGs yielded improvement in CNR, up to a factor of two
in pelvis-sized phantoms. When 2D ASG prototypes were used for both scatter
rejection and correction, CT number variations were reduced further, to 1.3 -
2.6%. Conclusions: When 2D ASG was used solely as a scatter rejection device,
substantial improvement in CT number accuracy could be achieved by increasing
the grid ratio. 2D ASGs could also provide significant CNR improvement even at
lower grid ratios. When 2D ASG was used in conjunction with the grid-based
scatter sampling method, it provided further improvement in CT number accuracy,
irrespective of the grid ratio, while preserving 2D ASG's capacity to improve
CNR.
