  The scalability of highly efficient organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells
(PSCs) is one of the remaining challenges of solar module manufacturing.
Various scalable methods have been explored to strive for uniform perovskite
films of high crystal quality on large-area substrates. However, each of these
methods have individual drawbacks, limiting the successful commercialization of
perovskite photovoltaics. Here, we report a fully scalable hybrid process,
which combines vapor- and solution-based techniques to deposit high quality
uniform perovskite films on large-area substrates. This two-step process does
not use toxic solvents, and it further allows facile implementation of
passivation strategies and additives. We fabricated PSCs based on this process
and used blade coating to deposit both charge transporting layers (SnO2 and
Spiro-OMeTAD) without hazardous solvents in ambient air. The fabricated PSCs
have yielded open-circuit voltage up to 1.16 V and power conversion efficiency
of 18.7 % with good uniformity on 5 cm x 5 cm substrates.
