  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphate compound and the most
direct energy source in organisms. ATP is an essential biomarker for evaluating
cell viability in biology. Researchers often use ATP bioluminescence to measure
the ATP of organoid after drug to evaluate the drug efficacy. However, ATP
bioluminescence has some limitations, leading to unreliable drug screening
results. Performing ATP bioluminescence causes cell lysis of organoids, so it
is impossible to observe organoids' long-term viability changes after
medication continually. To overcome the disadvantages of ATP bioluminescence,
we propose Ins-ATP, a non-invasive strategy, the first organoid ATP estimation
model based on the high-throughput microscopic image. Ins-ATP directly
estimates the ATP of organoids from high-throughput microscopic images, so that
it does not influence the drug reactions of organoids. Therefore, the ATP
change of organoids can be observed for a long time to obtain more stable
results. Experimental results show that the ATP estimation by Ins-ATP is in
good agreement with those determined by ATP bioluminescence. Specifically, the
predictions of Ins-ATP are consistent with the results measured by ATP
bioluminescence in the efficacy evaluation experiments of different drugs.
