  We comprehensively studied the morphology of the self-organized effective
network structures that form in simple coupled maps with interelement
synchronization-dependent connection changes. Based on the parameter values,
the spontaneous formation of four types of directional hierarchical networks,
named pair-driven networks, loop-driven networks, hidden trio-driven networks,
and hidden community-driven networks, was observed. This study provides novel
insights into the self-organized complex networks that form in neural networks,
various other biological networks, and social networks.
