  The LHeC and the FCC-he will open a new realm in our understanding of nuclear
structure and the dynamics in processes involving nuclei, in an unexplored
kinematic domain. We review some of the recent studies as shown in the update
of the 2012 LHeC CDR, including the determination of nuclear parton densities
in the framework of global fits and for a single nucleus, inclusive and
exclusive diffraction and the unique capabilies of these high-energy colliders
for probing QCD in the non-linear regime of phase space.
