  Integrity and security of the data in database systems are typically
maintained with access control policies and firewalls. However, insider attacks
-- where someone with an intimate knowledge of the system and administrative
privileges tampers with the data -- pose a unique challenge. Measures like
append only logging prove to be insufficient because an attacker with
administrative privileges can alter logs and login records to eliminate the
trace of attack, thus making insider attacks hard to detect.
  In this paper, we propose Verity -- first of a kind system to the best of our
knowledge. Verity serves as a dataless framework by which any blockchain
network can be used to store fixed-length metadata about tuples from any SQL
database, without complete migration of the database. Verity uses a formalism
for parsing SQL queries and query results to check the respective tuples'
integrity using blockchains to detect insider attacks. We have implemented our
technique using Hyperledger Fabric, Composer REST API, and SQLite database.
Using TPC-H data and SQL queries of varying complexity and types, our
experiments demonstrate that any overhead of integrity checking remains
constant per tuple in a query's results, and scales linearly.
