  This paper provides an overview of the current and near-future applications
of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine and Health Care and presents a
classification according to their ethical and societal aspects, potential
benefits and pitfalls, and issues that can be considered controversial and are
not deeply discussed in the literature.
  This work is based on an analysis of the state of the art of research and
technology, including existing software, personal monitoring devices, genetic
tests and editing tools, personalized digital models, online platforms,
augmented reality devices, and surgical and companion robotics. Motivated by
our review, we present and describe the notion of 'extended personalized
medicine', we then review existing applications of AI in medicine and
healthcare and explore the public perception of medical AI systems, and how
they show, simultaneously, extraordinary opportunities and drawbacks that even
question fundamental medical concepts. Many of these topics coincide with
urgent priorities recently defined by the World Health Organization for the
coming decade. In addition, we study the transformations of the roles of
doctors and patients in an age of ubiquitous information, identify the risk of
a division of Medicine into 'fake-based', 'patient-generated', and
'scientifically tailored', and draw the attention of some aspects that need
further thorough analysis and public debate.
