  Motivated by the prospect of realizing a Fermi gas of $^{40}$K atoms with a
synthetic non-Abelian gauge field, we investigate theoretically a strongly
interacting Fermi gas in the presence of a Rashba spin-orbit coupling. As the
two-fold spin degeneracy is lifted by spin-orbit interaction, bound pairs with
mixed singlet and triplet pairings (referred to as rashbons) emerge, leading to
an anisotropic superfluid. We show that this anisotropic superfluidity can be
probed via measuring the momentum distribution and single-particle spectral
function in a trapped atomic $^{40}$K cloud near a Feshbach resonance.
