  We study closed universes in simple models of two dimensional gravity, such
as Jackiw-Teiteilboim (JT) gravity coupled to matter, and a toy topological
model that captures the key features of the former. We find there is a stark
contrast, as well as some connections, between the perturbative and
non-perturbative aspects of the theory. We find rich semi-classical physics.
However, when non-perturbative effects are included there is a unique closed
universe state in each theory. We discuss possible meanings and interpretations
of this observation.
