  This paper combines deep learning techniques for species detection, 3D model
fitting, and metric learning in one pipeline to perform individual animal
identification from photographs by exploiting unique coat patterns. This is the
first work to attempt this and, compared to traditional 2D bounding box or
segmentation based CNN identification pipelines, the approach provides
effective and explicit view-point normalisation and allows for a straight
forward visualisation of the learned biometric population space. Note that due
to the use of metric learning the pipeline is also readily applicable to open
set and zero shot re-identification scenarios. We apply the proposed approach
to individual Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) identification and show in a small
study on the SMALST dataset that the use of 3D model fitting can indeed benefit
performance. In particular, back-projected textures from 3D fitted models
improve identification accuracy from 48.0% to 56.8% compared to 2D bounding box
approaches for the dataset. Whilst the study is far too small accurately to
estimate the full performance potential achievable in larger-scale real-world
application settings and in comparisons against polished tools, our work lays
the conceptual and practical foundations for a next step in animal biometrics
towards deep metric learning driven, fully 3D-aware animal identification in
open population settings. We publish network weights and relevant facilitating
source code with this paper for full reproducibility and as inspiration for
further research.
