  Understanding demand-side energy behaviour is critical for making efficiency
responses for energy demand management. We worked closely with energy experts
and identified the key elements of the energy demand problem including temporal
and spatial demand and shifts in spatiotemporal demand. To our knowledge, no
previous research has investigated the shifts in spatiotemporal demand. To fill
this research gap, we propose a unified visual analytics approach to support
exploratory demand analysis; we developed E3, a highly interactive tool that
support users in making and verifying hypotheses through human-client-server
interactions. A novel potential flow based approach was formalized to model
shifts in energy demand and integrated into a server-side engine. Experts then
evaluated and affirmed the usefulness of this approach through case studies of
real-world electricity data. In the future, we will improve the modelling
algorithm, enhance visualisation, and expand the process to support more forms
of energy data.
