  Superconductivity appears in the cuprates when a spin order is destroyed,
while the role of charge is less known. Recently, charge density wave (CDW) was
found below the superconducting dome in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ when a high magnetic
field is applied perpendicular to the CuO$_2$ plane, which was suggested to
arise from incipient CDW in the vortex cores that becomes overlapped. Here, by
$^{63}$Cu-nuclear magnetic resonance, we report the discovery of CDW induced by
an in-plane field that does not create vortex cores in the plane, setting in
above the dome in single-layered Bi$_2$Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$CuO$_6$.The onset
temperature $T_{\rm CDW}$ takes over the antiferromagnetic order temperature
$T_{\rm N}$ beyond a critical doping level at which superconductivity starts to
emerge, and scales with the psudogap temperature $T^{*}$. These results provide
important insights into the relationship between spin order, CDW and the
pseudogap, and their connections to high-temperature superconductivity.
