  We consider the triple $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{A}',\mathcal{A}^H)$ of
hyperplane arrangements and the division of their characteristic polynomials.
We show that the freeness of $\mathcal{A}^H$ and the division of
$\chi(\mathcal{A};t)$ by $\chi(\mathcal{A}^H;t)$ confirm the freeness of
$\mathcal{A}$. The key ingredient of this "division theorem" on freeness is the
fact that, if $\chi(\mathcal{A}^H;t)$ divides $\chi(\mathcal{A};t)$, then the
same holds for the localization at the codimension three flat in $H$. This
implies the local-freeness of $\mathcal{A}$ in codimension three along $H$.
Based on these results, several applications are obtained, which include a
definition of "divisionally free arrangements". It is strictly larger than the
set of inductively free arrangements. Also, in the set of divisionally free
arrangements, the Terao's conjecture is true.
