  Using our recently improved understanding of star cluster physics, we are now
within reach of answering a number of fundamental questions in contemporary
astrophysics. Star cluster physics has immediate bearing on questions ranging
from the physical basis of the stellar initial mass function - Do any O-type
stars form in isolation? What is the relative importance of stochastic (random)
star formation versus competitive accretion? - to the build-up of the most
massive clusters - Does the cluster mass function differ in different types of
galaxies? How and why do the most massive star clusters form in small dwarf
galaxies and what does that imply for the build-up of larger cluster samples?
What are the main observables one could (or should) use to try and distinguish
among the various star- and cluster-formation scenarios? Newly emerging
theoretical insights, novel high-quality observational data and the advent of
the next generation of observational facilities offer significant promise to
reach satisfactory and robust answers to the key outstanding questions in this
field.
