  In most of the under developed nations, access to basic health care is
scarce. A heater is an indispensable device for many applications, especially
for medical purposes. As such a simple and easy to make heater from readily
available materials becomes a valuable equipment to help alleviate the human
health problems. An ultra low cost heater from readily available materials like
paper/cellulose acetate sheet and a pencil was designed and fabricated.
Manually, using high graphite contained pencil; paper/cellulose surface was
arbitrarily coated by applying numerous pencil strokes on the surface. Contacts
were connected using either a wire or Copper/Aluminum foils over the coated
surface. Maximum temperature attended by the heater was around 140 degree
celcius. The main application of this heater was explored in the laboratory and
therapeutic uses.
