  Traffic Emergency Management deals with directing the vehicular and
pedestrian traffic around traffic disruptions due to emergencies, such as
accidents or flooded roadways, aiming to ensure the safety of drivers,
pedestrians, and emergency responders. In this study, a scenario involving the
local flooding of the A1 motorway, one of Italy's main highways connecting
north to the south, is studied. The effect of event duration and drivers'
response rate are investigated on the alternative route activation strategies.
The macro and micro itineraries are established, and for different event
durations and response rates, the timelines for effective route activation are
evaluated. According to the results, for events shorter than 1.5 hours, there
is no need for the activation of alternative routes, and the longer the event,
the more alternative routes are needed to minimize the total travel time on the
flooded route. In addition, increase in the response rate of drivers to use the
alternative routes leads to the need to activate the micro itinerary after the
activation of the macro itinerary. Furthermore, the evacuation of an urban
region due to the flood scenario is studied considering different evacuation
strategies and residents response time. The results indicate the importance of
optimal exit point allocation and residents' preparedness to reduce the total
evacuation time.
