  With the development of vehicular technologies on automation,
electrification, and digitalization, vehicles are becoming more intelligent
while being exposed to more complex, uncertain, and frequently occurring
faults. In this paper, we look into the maintenance planning of an operating
vehicle under fault condition and formulate it as a multi-criteria
decision-making problem. The maintenance decisions are generated by route
searching in road networks and evaluated based on risk assessment considering
the uncertainty of vehicle breakdowns. Particularly, we consider two criteria,
namely the risk of public time loss and the risk of mission delay, representing
the concerns of the public sector and the private sector, respectively. A
public time loss model is developed to evaluate the traffic congestion caused
by a vehicle breakdown and the corresponding towing process. The Pareto optimal
set of non-dominated decisions is derived by evaluating the risk of the
decisions. We demonstrate the relevance of the problem and the effectiveness of
the proposed method by numerical experiments derived from real-world scenarios.
The experiments show that neglecting the risk of vehicle breakdown on public
roads can cause a high risk of public time loss in dense traffic flow. With the
proposed method, alternate decisions can be derived to reduce the risks of
public time loss significantly with a low increase in the risk of mission
delay. This study aims at catalyzing public-private partnership through
collaborative decision-making between the private sector and the public sector,
thus archiving a more sustainable transportation system in the future.
