  Inferential methods can be used to integrate experimental informations and
molecular simulations. The maximum entropy principle provides a framework for
using equilibrium experimental data and it has been shown that replica-averaged
simulations, restrained using a static potential, are a practical and powerful
implementation of such principle. Here we show that replica-averaged
simulations restrained using a time-dependent potential are equivalent to the
principle of maximum caliber, the dynamic version of the principle of maximum
entropy, and thus may allow to integrate time-resolved data in molecular
dynamics simulations. We provide an analytical proof of the equivalence as well
as a computational validation making use of simple models and synthetic data.
Some limitations and possible solutions are also discussed.
