  In order to solve the problem of opinion polarization and distortion caused
by echo chamber effect in the evolution process of online public opinion,a
three-dimensional Deffuant-Weisbuch model is proposed to study the formation
and elimination of echo chamber effect in this paper. Firstly, the original
pairwise interaction model is generalized to three-point interaction model.
Secondly, we consider individual psychological mechanism and introduce
individual emotional factor into the trust threshold of original model.
Finally, the natural evolution coefficient of opinion is introduced to modify
the model. The improved model is used to conduct simulation experiments on
social networks with different structures, and opinion leaders and active
agents are introduced into the network, so as to study the corresponding
generation and breaking mechanism of echo chamber. The experimental results
show that the change of network structure cannot eliminate the echo chamber
effect, and the increase of network stability and connectivity can only slow
down the echo chamber effect. Opinion leaders can aggregate opinions within
their scope of influence and have a guiding effect on opinions. Therefore, if
opinion leaders can change their opinions over time, they can well guide
opinions to converge to neutral opinions, thus achieving the purpose of
breaking the echo chamber. Active agents can lead the opinions in the network
to converge to the neutral, and active agents with high stubbornness can lead
the free views to converge to the neutral, thus achieving the purpose of
breaking the echo chamber effect.
