  In space-like separated experiments and other scenarios where multiple
parties share a classical common cause but no cause-effect relations, quantum
theory allows a variety of nonsignaling resources which are useful for
distributed quantum information processing. These include quantum states,
nonlocal boxes, steering assemblages, teleportages, channel steering
assemblages, and so on. Such resources are often studied using nonlocal games,
semiquantum games, entanglement-witnesses, teleportation experiments, and
similar tasks. We introduce a unifying framework which subsumes the full range
of nonsignaling resources, as well as the games and experiments which probe
them, into a common resource theory: that of local operations and shared
randomness (LOSR). Crucially, we allow these LOSR operations to locally change
the type of a resource, so that players can convert resources of any type into
resources of any other type, and in particular into strategies for the specific
type of game they are playing. We then prove several theorems relating
resources and games of different types. These theorems generalize a number of
seminal results from the literature, and can be applied to lessen the
assumptions needed to characterize the nonclassicality of resources. As just
one example, we prove that semiquantum games are able to perfectly characterize
the LOSR nonclassicality of every resource of any type (not just quantum
states, as was previously shown). As a consequence, we show that any resource
can be characterized in a measurement-device-independent manner.
