  An efficient, scalable, and provably secure dynamic auditing scheme is highly
desirable in the cloud storage environment for verifying the integrity of the
outsourced data. Most of the existing work on remote integrity checking focuses
on static archival data and therefore cannot be applied to cases where dynamic
data updates are more common. Additionally, existing auditing schemes suffer
from performance bottlenecks and scalability issues. To address these issues,
in this paper, we present a novel dynamic auditing scheme for centralized cloud
environments leveraging an enhanced version of the B-tree. Our proposed scheme
achieves the immutable characteristic of a decentralized system (i.e.,
blockchain technology) while effectively addressing the synchronization and
performance challenges of such systems. Unlike other static auditing schemes,
our scheme supports dynamic insert, update, and delete operations. Also, by
leveraging an enhanced B-tree, our scheme maintains a balanced tree after any
alteration to a certain file, improving performance significantly. Experimental
results show that our scheme outperforms both traditional Merkle Hash
Tree-based centralized auditing and decentralized blockchain-based auditing
schemes in terms of block modifications (e.g., insert, delete, update), block
retrieval, and data verification time.
