  A systematic review is made for the AA-, AB- and ABC-stacked graphites. The
generalized tight-binding model, accompanied with the effective-mass
approximation and the Kubo formula, is developed to investigate electronic and
optical properties in the presence/absence of a uniform magnetic field. The
unusual electronic properties cover the stacking-dependent Dirac-cone
structures, the significant energy widths along the stacking direction, the
Landau subbands (LSs) crossing the Fermi level, the $B_0$-dependent LS energy
spectra with crossings and anti-crossings, and the monolayer- or bilayer-like
Landau wavefunctions. There exist the configuration-created special structures
in density of states and optical spectra. Three kinds of graphites quite differ
from one another in the available inter-LS excitation channels, including the
number, frequency, intensity and structures of absorption peaks. The
dimensional crossover presents the main similarities and differences between
graphites and graphenes; furthermore, the quantum confinement enriches the
magnetic quantization phenomena in carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons.
The cooperative/competitive relations among the interlayer atomic interactions,
dimensions and magnetic quantization are responsible for the diversified
essential properties. Part of theoretical predictions are consistent with the
experimental measurements.
