  Increasing electricity prices in South Africa and the imminent threat of load
shedding due to the overloaded power grid has led to a need for Demand Side
Management (DSM) devices like smart grids. For smart grids to perform to their
peak, their energy management controller (EMC) systems need to be optimized.
Current solutions for DSM and optimization of the Multiple Knapsack Problem
(MKP) have been investigated in this paper to discover the current state of
common DSM models. Solutions from other NP-Hard problems in the form of the
iterative Discrete Flower Pollination Algorithm (iDFPA) as well as possible
future scalability options in the form of optimization through parallelization
have also been suggested.
