  A fundamental problem in science is how to make logical inferences from
scientific data. Mere data does not suffice since additional information is
necessary to select a domain of models or hypotheses and thus determine the
likelihood of each model or hypothesis. Thomas Bayes' Theorem relates the data
and prior information to posterior probabilities associated with differing
models or hypotheses and thus is useful in identifying the roles played by the
known data and the assumed prior information when making inferences.
Scientists, philosophers, and theologians accumulate knowledge when analyzing
different aspects of reality and search for particular hypotheses or models to
fit their respective subject matters. Of course, a main goal is then to
integrate all kinds of knowledge into an all-encompassing worldview that would
describe the whole of reality.
