  The ground structure can substantially influence seismic ground motion
underscoring the need to develop a ground structure model with sufficient
reliability in terms of ground motion estimation for earthquake damage
mitigation. While many methods for generating ground structure models have been
proposed and used in practice, there remains room for enhancing their
reliability. In this study, amid many candidate 3D ground structure models
generated from geotechnical engineering knowledge, we propose a method for
selecting a credible 3D ground structure model capable of reproducing observed
earthquake ground motion, utilizing seismic ground motion data solely observed
at the ground surface and employing 3D seismic ground motion analysis. Through
a numerical experiment, we illustrate the efficacy of this approach. By
conducting $10^2$-$10^3$ cases of fast 3D seismic wave propagation analyses
using graphic processing units (GPUs), we demonstrate that a credible 3D ground
structure model is selected according to the quantity of seismic motion
information. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method by showing that
the accuracy of seismic motions using ground structure models that were
selected from the pool of candidate models is higher than that using ground
structure models that were not selected from the pool of candidate models.
