  A new possibility of laser cooling of alkaline-earth-metal and Ytterbium
atoms using a two-photon transition is analyzed. We consider a $^{1}S_{0}$ -
$^{1}S_{0}$ transition, with excitation in near resonance with the $^{1}P_{1}$
level. This greatly increases the two-photon transition rate, allowing an
effective transfer of momentum. The experimental implementation of this
technique is discussed and we show that for Calcium, for example, two-photon
cooling can be used to achieve a Doppler limit of 123 microKelvin. The
efficiency of this cooling scheme and the main loss mechanisms are analyzed.
