  Topological spin textures in magnetic materials such as skyrmions and
hopfions are interesting manifestations of geometric structures in real
materials, concurrently having potential applications as information carriers.
In the crystalline systems, the formation of these topological spin textures is
well understood as a result of the competition between interactions due to
symmetry breaking and frustration. However, in systems without translation
symmetry such as amorphous materials, a fundamental understanding of the
driving mechanisms of non-trivial spin structures is lacking owing to the
structural and interaction complexity in these systems. In this work, we use a
suite of first-principles-based calculations to propose an ab initio spin
Hamiltonian that accurately represents the diversity of structural and magnetic
properties in the exemplar amorphous FeGe. Monte Carlo simulations of our
amorphous Hamiltonian find emergent skyrmions that are driven by frustrated
geometric and magnetic exchange, consistent with those observed in experiment.
Moreover, we find that the diversity of local structural motifs results in a
large range of exchange interactions, far beyond those found in crystalline
materials. Finally, we observe the formation of large-scale emergent structures
in amorphous materials, far beyond the relevant interaction length-scale in the
systems, suggesting a new route to emergent correlated phases beyond the
crystalline limit.
