  Modern power grids combine conventional generators with distributed energy
resource (DER) generators in response to concerns over climate change and
long-term energy security. Due to the intermittent nature of DERs, different
types of energy storage devices (ESDs) must be installed to minimize unit
commitment problems and accommodate spinning reserve power. ESDs have
operational and resource constraints, such as charge and discharge rates or
maximum and minimum state of charge (SoC). This paper proposes a linear
programming (LP) optimization framework to maximize the unit-committed power
for a specific optimum spinning reserve power for a particular power grid.
Using this optimization framework, we also determine the total dispatchable
power, non-dispatchable power, spinning reserve power, and arbitrage power
using DER and ESD resource constraints. To describe the ESD and DER
constraints, this paper evaluates several factors: availability,
dispatchability, non-dispatchability, spinning reserve, and arbitrage factor.
These factors are used as constraints in this LP optimization to determine the
total optimal reserve power from the existing DERs. The proposed optimization
framework maximizes the ratio of dispatchable to non-dispatchable power to
minimize unit commitment problems within a specific range of spinning reserve
power set to each DER. This optimization framework is implemented in the
modified IEEE 34-bus distribution system, adding ten DERs in ten different
buses to verify its efficacy.
