  We show how light scalar fields can account for the discrepancy between the
theoretical and observed values of the anomalous magnetic moment of the
(anti)muon. When coupled to both matter and photons, light scalar fields induce
a change of the anomalous magnetic moment of charged particles. This arises
from two concurrent effects. Classically, light scalars induce a change of the
cyclotron frequency, complementing the electromagnetic effects coming from the
magnetic and electric fields used experimentally. Light scalars also contribute
to the anomalous magnetic moment quantum mechanically at the one-loop level.
For unscreened scalar fields coupling with a Yukawa interaction to matter,
these contributions are negligible after applying the Cassini bound on
deviations from Newtonian gravity. On the other hand, screened scalars such as
chameleons or symmetrons can couple strongly to matter in the laboratory and
decouple in the Solar System. This allows us to probe branches of their
parameter spaces where the recently measured anomalous magnetic moment of the
(anti)muon can be accounted for in the chameleon and symmetron cases. This
might be a hint that modified gravity is at play in the laboratory.
