  This survey is an updated and improved version of the previous one published
in 2013 in this journal with the title data mining in education. It reviews in
a comprehensible and very general way how Educational Data Mining and Learning
Analytics have been applied over educational data. In the last decade, this
research area has evolved enormously and a wide range of related terms are now
used in the bibliography such as Academic Analytics, Institutional Analytics,
Teaching Analytics, Data-Driven Education, Data-Driven Decision-Making in
Education, Big Data in Education, and Educational Data Science. This paper
provides the current state of the art by reviewing the main publications, the
key milestones, the knowledge discovery cycle, the main educational
environments, the specific tools, the free available datasets, the most used
methods, the main objectives, and the future trends in this research area.
