  Distributed energy resources (DERs) installed at electric distribution
networks create different opportunities and challenges for the distribution
system operator (DSO). By increasing the penetration level of DERs, the impacts
of these technologies are also sensed by the transmission system operator
(TSO). The focus of this paper is on investigating and managing the impacts of
the Electric Vehicle (EV) charging and solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) generation
considering TSO-DSO interaction constraints. These constraints include the
driving point impedance that reflects the impact of the DER-rich distribution
system on the upstream HV network and voltage profile control through the
on-load tap changing (OLTC) transformer's operation. The aim is to optimally
utilize the existing assets and flexibilities to have more EVs and PVs at the
distribution level without violating constraints at both transmission and
distribution levels. The proposed model could readily be used by policymakers
to design and implement the proper time-of-use tariffs for improved handling of
the increasing EVs and PVs penetrations in emerging distribution networks. The
proposed method is implemented on the IEEE 69-bus standard MV distribution
network to demonstrate the applicability.
