  We investigate how our baryon-loss limits from anomalous binary-pulsar period
lengthening can be interpreted microscopically to yield specific constraints on
the particle physics of baryon number violation within a neutron star. We focus
on the possibility of anomalous baryon disappearance via dark baryon processes
and on scenarios in which the produced dark-sector particles do not survive to
influence the response of the star to baryon-number-violating effects. We flesh
out the conditions for which this may occur, as well as other key assumptions.
We then turn to the analysis of particle processes in the dense nuclear medium
found at the core of a neutron star, employing the techniques of relativistic
mean-field theory. Using our study of in-medium effects and limits on
macroscopic baryon number violation we extract limits on in-vacuum
baryon-number-violating processes, and we determine them for various equations
of state. We conclude by noting the implications of our results for models of
dark-sector-enabled baryogenesis.
