  Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are gaining popularity due to their
economic efficiency as well as their contribution to green management. PHEVs
allow the driver to use electric power exclusively for driving and then switch
to gasoline as needed. The more gasoline a vehicle uses, the higher cost is
required for the trip. However, a PHEV cannot last for a long period on stored
electricity without being recharged. Thus, it needs frequent recharging
compared to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Moreover, the battery
recharging time is usually long, which leads to longer delays on a trip.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a flexible navigation management scheme
along with an efficient recharging schedule, which allows the driver to choose
an optimal route based on the fuel-cost and time-to-destination constraints. In
this paper, we present a formal model to solve this PHEV navigation management
problem. The model is solved to provide a driver with a comprehensive routing
plan including the potential recharging and refueling points that satisfy the
given requirements, particularly the maximum fuel cost and the maximum trip
time. In addition, we propose a price-based navigation control technique to
achieve better load balance for the traffic system. Evaluation results show
that the proposed formal models can be solved efficiently even with large road
networks.
