  Patterns in a semiarid ecosystem are important because they directly and
indirectly affect ecological processes, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience.
Understanding the causes and effects of these patterns is critical for
long-term land surface management and conservation efforts in semiarid regions,
which are especially sensitive to climate change and human-caused disturbances.
It is known that there is a regular connection between the vegetation and the
living species in a habitat since some animals evolved to live in a semiarid
ecosystem and rely on plants for food. In this work, we have constructed a
coupled mathematical model to connect the water resource, vegetation and living
organisms and have investigated how the soil surface affects the resulting
patterns for the long term. This study contributes to a better understanding of
ecological patterns and processes in semiarid environments by shedding light on
the complex interaction mechanisms that depend on the structure of semiarid
ecosystems. The findings provide further critical insight into the influence of
efforts for improving ecosystem resilience and adjusting to the challenges
posed by climate change and human activities.
