  The thesis is mainly devoted to the study of spectral and timing
characteristics of the X-ray emission from Galactic black hole candidates GRS
1915+105, GX 339-4, 4U 1630-47, XTE J1748-288, GRS 1739-278, KS/GRS 1730-312
and GRS 1737-31. The main results include: observation of the correlated
evolution of spectral and timing parameters of these sources and its
interpretation in the framework of two-phase model of the accretion flow near
the compact objects; development of the quantitative model for the evolution of
GRS 1915+105 during flaring state providing direct estimate of the disk
accretion rate in the system; restrictions on the parameters of the spatial
distribution and luminosity function of the Galactic hard X-ray transient
sources; application of the the bulk motion comptonization model to the
analytic approximation of the broad--band energy spectra of Galactic black hole
candidates in the high/very high state obtained with RXTE.
