  Cross-referenced parallel markup for mathematics allows the combination of
both presentation and content representations while associating the components
of each. Interesting applications are enabled by such an arrangement, such as
interaction with parts of the presentation to manipulate and querying the
corresponding content, and enhanced search indexing. Although the idea of such
markup is hardly new, effective techniques for creating and manipulating it are
more difficult than it appears. Since the structures and tokens in the two
formats often do not correspond one-to-one, decisions and heuristics must be
developed to determine in which way each component refers to and is referred to
by components of the other representation. Conversion between fine and coarse
grained parallel markup complicates ID assignments. In this paper, we will
describe the techniques developed for \LaTeXML, a \TeX/\LaTeX to XML converter,
to create cross-referenced parallel MathML. While we do not yet consider
\LaTeXML's content MathML to be useful, the current effort is a step towards
that continuing goal.
