  Type I X-ray bursts are thermonuclear explosions that occur in the envelopes
of accreting neutron stars. Detailed observations of these phenomena have
prompted numerous studies in theoretical astrophysics and experimental nuclear
physics since their discovery over 35 years ago. In this review, we begin by
discussing key observational features of these phenomena that may be sensitive
to the particular patterns of nucleosynthesis from the associated thermonuclear
burning. We then summarize efforts to model type I X-ray bursts, with emphasis
on determining the nuclear physics processes involved throughout these bursts.
We discuss and evaluate limitations in the models, particularly with regard to
key uncertainties in the nuclear physics input. Finally, we examine recent,
relevant experimental measurements and outline future prospects to improve our
understanding of these unique environments from observational, theoretical and
experimental perspectives.
