  We generalize Nakajima-Yoshioka blowup equations to arbitrary gauge group
with hypermultiplets in arbitrary representations. Using our blowup equations,
we compute the instanton partition functions for 4d N=2 and 5d N=1 gauge
theories for arbitrary gauge theory with a large class of matter
representations, without knowing explicit construction of the instanton moduli
space. Our examples include exceptional gauge theories with fundamentals, SO(N)
gauge theories with spinors, and SU(6) gauge theories with rank-3 antisymmetric
hypers. Remarkably, the instanton partition function is completely determined
by the perturbative part.
