  The impact of distributed dynamic routing with different market penetration
rates (MPRs) of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and congestion levels has
been investigated on urban streets. Downtown Toronto network is studied in an
agent-based traffic simulation. The higher the MPRs of CAVs--especially in the
case of highly congested urban networks--the higher the average speed, the
lower the mean travel time, and the higher the throughput.
