  Plug-in electrical vehicles (PEV) are capable of both grid-to-vehicle (G2V)
and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power transfer. The advantages of developing V2G
include an additional revenue stream for cleaner vehicles, increased stability
and reliability of the electric grid, lower electric system costs, and
eventually, inexpensive storage and backup for renewable electricity. Here we
show how smart control of PEVs can improve the stability of power grids using
only local frequency measurements. We evaluate the proposed control strategy on
the IEEE Case 3 and the IEEE New England power systems. The results show that
V2G leads to improved steady-state stability, larger region of stability,
reduced frequency and voltage fluctuations during transients and longer
critical clearing times.
