  Residual stress engineering is very widely used in the design of new advanced
lightweight materials. For metallic glasses the attention has been on
structural changes and rejuvenation processes. High energy scanning X-ray
diffraction strain mapping reveals large elastic fluctuations in metallic
glasses after deformation under triaxial compression. Microindentation hardness
mapping hints to a competing hardening-softening mechanism after compression
and further reveals the complementary effects of stress and structure
modulation. Transmission electron microscopy proves that structure modulation
under room temperature deformation relates to the shear band formation that
closely correlates to the distribution of elastic heterogeneities. Molecular
dynamics simulations provide an atomistic understanding of the complex shear
band activity in notched metallic glasses and the related fluctuations in the
strain/stress heterogeneity. Thus, future focus should be given to stress
engineering and elastic heterogeneity that together with structure modulation
may allow to design metallic glasses with enhanced ductility and strain
hardening ability.
