  Neuroscience and artificial intelligence are closely intertwined, but so are
the physics of dynamical system, philosophy and psychology. Each of these
fields try in their own way to relate observations at the level of molecules,
synapses, neurons or behavior, to a function. An influential conceptual
approach to this end was popularized by David Marr, which focused on the
interaction between three theoretical 'levels of analysis'. With the
convergence of simulation-based approaches, algorithm-oriented Neuro-AI and
high-throughput data, we currently see much research organized around four
levels of analysis: observations, models, algorithms and functions.
Bidirectional interaction between these levels influences how we undertake
interdisciplinary science.
