  Vehicle routing is a well-known optimization research topic with significant
practical importance. Among different approaches to solving vehicle routing,
heuristics can produce a satisfactory solution at a reasonable computational
cost. Consequently, much effort has been made in the past decades to develop
vehicle routing heuristics. In this article, we systematically survey the
existing vehicle routing heuristics, particularly on works carried out in
recent years. A classification of vehicle routing heuristics is presented,
followed by a review of their methodologies, recent developments, and
applications. Moreover, we present a general framework of state-of-the-art
methods and provide insights into their success. Finally, three emerging
research topics with notable works and future directions are discussed.
