  Lattice QCD calculations in charm and bottom physics are particularly
important because they can provide the hadronic weak decay matrix elements
needed for key constraints on the CKM Unitarity Triangle. I will summarise
recent results in this area, paying particular attention to sources of error,
comparison between methods and tests of results against experiment, for
example, in the spectrum. Updated world averages for decay constants this year
are : $f_{D_s}$=248.6(2.4) MeV; $f_D$ = 212.1(3.4) MeV; $f_{B_s}$ = 227(4) MeV;
$f_B$ = 190(4) MeV. Note that B decay constants are clearly lower than the
corresponding D decay constants. Improved $D$ semileptonic form factors, both
shape and normalisation, now allow the direct determination of $V_{cs}$ and
$V_{cd}$ to 3% and 5% respectively. This year we also have a clear
demonstration that dependence of form factors on the spectator quark mass
between light and strange is very small. Apart from the phenomenology
implications, this has practical application to the normalisation of branching
fractions in experiment. The current best Standard model rate for a key LHC
mode sensitive to new physics - $B_{(s)} \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-$ - is derived
from lattice QCD calculations on $B/B_s$ mixing rates. I will discuss the
current result and prospects for improving lattice QCD errors.
