  Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are the foundation of several new strategies
for neural repair and neurological therapies. The fact that a remote force can
act on MNPs at the cytoplasmic space constitutes the essence of many new
neurotherapeutic concepts. MNPs with a predesigned physicochemical
characteristic can interact with external magnetic fields to apply mechanical
forces in definite areas of the cell to modulate cellular behaviour. Magnetic
actuation to direct the outgrowth on neurons after nerve injury has already
demonstrated the therapeutic potential for neural repair. When these magnetic
cores are functionalized with molecules such as nerve growth factors or
neuroprotective molecules, multifunctional devices can be developed. This
chapter will review some of these new nanotechnology-based solutions for
neurological diseases, specifically those based on the use of engineered MNPs
used for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. These include the use of MNPs
as magnetic actuators to guide neural cells, modulate intracellular transport
and stimulate axonal growth after nerve injury.
