  During the last decade, translational and rotational symmetry-breaking phases
-- density wave order and electronic nematicity -- have been established as
generic and distinct features of many correlated electron systems, including
pnictide and cuprate superconductors. However, in cuprates, the relationship
between these electronic symmetry-breaking phases and the enigmatic pseudogap
phase remains unclear. Here, we employ resonant x-ray scattering in a cuprate
high-temperature superconductor La$_{1.6-x}$Nd$_{0.4}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$
(Nd-LSCO) to navigate the cuprate phase diagram, probing the relationship
between electronic nematicity of the Cu 3$d$ orbitals, charge order, and the
pseudogap phase as a function of doping. We find evidence for a considerable
decrease in electronic nematicity beyond the pseudogap phase, either by raising
the temperature through the pseudogap onset temperature $T^{*}$ or increasing
doping through the pseudogap critical point, $p^{*}$. These results establish a
clear link between electronic nematicity, the pseudogap, and its associated
quantum criticality in overdoped cuprates. Our findings anticipate that
electronic nematicity may play a larger role in understanding the cuprate phase
diagram than previously recognized, possibly having a crucial role in the
phenomenology of the pseudogap phase.
