  We propose a multi-component discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) for premixed,
nonpremixed, or partially premixed nonequilibrium reactive flows. This model is
suitable for both subsonic and supersonic flows with or without chemical
reaction and/or external force. A two-dimensional sixteen-velocity model is
constructed for the DBM. In the hydrodynamic limit, the DBM recovers the
modified Navier-Stokes equations for reacting species in a force field.
Compared to standard lattice Boltzmann models, the DBM presents not only more
accurate hydrodynamic quantities, but also detailed nonequilibrium effects that
are essential yet long-neglected by traditional fluid dynamics. Apart from
nonequilibrium terms (viscous stress and heat flux) in conventional models,
specific hydrodynamic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium quantities (high order
kinetic moments and their departure from equilibrium) are dynamically obtained
from the DBM in a straightforward way. Due to its generality, the developed
methodology is applicable to a wide range of phenomena across many energy
technologies, emissions reduction, environmental protection, mining accident
prevention, chemical and process industry.
