  This paper investigates citizens' counter-strategies to the use of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) by law enforcement agencies (LEAs). Based on information from
three countries (Greece, Italy and Spain) we demonstrate disparities in the
likelihood of ten specific counter-strategies. We further identified factors
that increase the propensity for counter-strategies. Our study provides an
important new perspective to societal impacts of security-focused AI
applications by illustrating the conscious, strategic choices by citizens when
confronted with AI capabilities for LEAs.
