  We discuss the most effective energy range for charged particle induced
reactions in a plasma environment at a given plasma temperature. The
correspondence between the plasma temperature and the most effective energy
should be modified from the one given by the Gamow peak energy, in the presence
of a significant incident-energy dependence in the astrophysical S-factor as in
the case of resonant reactions. The suggested modification of the effective
energy range is important not only in thermonuclear reactions at high
temperature in the stellar environment, e.g., in advanced burning stages of
massive stars and in explosive stellar environment, as it has been already
claimed, but also in the application of the nuclear reactions driven by
ultra-intense laser pulse irradiations.
