  We present an overview of modern approaches to low-energy baryon structure
based on baryon chiral perturbation theory. These are driven by the emergence
of Lorentz covariant schemes and the systematic consideration of the effects of
the lowest-lying decuplet resonances. In order to illustrate the progress
recently achieved in this field, we present the last developments on our
understanding of the nucleon sigma terms along these lines. In particular, we
will show how these methods, in SU(2) or SU(3) settings, are reliable tools to
process and maximize the information on the physical structure of the nucleon
one can obtain from either experimental data or lattice QCD results.
