  Healthcare services in rural areas face numerous challenges due to the high
cost of treatment and a lack of appropriate services. The application of
Internet of Things (IoT) technology has shown potential in mitigating these
issues. This article discusses the potential of Internet of Things (IoT) and
fog computing to reduce healthcare costs and improve patient outcomes. The use
of these technologies in cardiovascular health informatics is explored, along
with the economic thought process of hospital decision-makers and end-of-life
practices in intensive care units. Remote monitoring using IoT devices is
highlighted as a promising way to detect health issues before they become
serious, leading to earlier interventions and improved health outcomes. The use
of fog computing in healthcare is also discussed, with a focus on its ability
to provide real-time data processing, analysis, and decision-making
capabilities. The article presents a novel architecture for
Device-as-a-Service, utilizing both fog and cloud computing to improve the
efficiency and accuracy of ECG device processing, and concludes that it has the
potential to reduce costs by up to 80% in the Iranian market. The adoption of
fog computing in healthcare is acknowledged to present significant challenges,
such as security and privacy concerns,
