  Excessive tail end-to-end latency occurs with conventional message brokers as
a result of having massive numbers of geographically distributed devices
communicate through a message broker. On the other hand, broker-less messaging
systems, though ensure low latency, are highly dependent on the limitation of
direct device-to-device (D2D) communication technologies, and cannot scale well
as large numbers of resource-limited devices exchange messages. In this paper,
we propose FogMQ, a cloud-based message broker system that overcomes the
limitations of conventional systems by enabling autonomous discovery,
self-deployment, and online migration of message brokers across heterogeneous
cloud platforms. For each device, FogMQ provides a high capacity device cloning
service that subscribes to device messages. The clones facilitate near-the-edge
data analytics in resourceful cloud compute nodes. Clones in FogMQ apply Flock,
an algorithm mimicking flocking-like behavior to allow clones to dynamically
select and autonomously migrate to different heterogeneous cloud platforms in a
distributed manner.
