  I establish the dynamical core--corona initialization framework (DCCI2) as a
state-of-the-art dynamical framework that is capable of describing small and
large colliding systems at the LHC energies. Under the core--corona picture,
contributions from both equilibrated (core) and non-equilibrated (corona)
components are implemented. I describe the dynamical separation of the system
into the core and corona at the initial stage by incorporating the core--corona
picture into the novel dynamical initialization framework. With DCCI2, I
simulate $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7, 13$ TeV and $Pb$+$Pb$ collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV. Especially, I extract the fractions of core
and corona components in final hadron yields in $p$+$p$ and $Pb$+$Pb$
collisions as functions of multiplicity, and reveal that the core components
become dominant at $\langle dN_{\mathrm{ch}}/d\eta \rangle_{|\eta|<0.5} \approx
20$. I also find that the corona contribution at very low $p_T$ (below
$p_T\approx1$ GeV) is non-negligible even in $Pb$+$Pb$ collisions and show that
such contributions significantly affect $p_T$-integrated flow coefficients.
These results strongly suggest the importance of considering non-equilibrated
components to extract transport coefficients of quark-gluon plasma from
model-to-data comparisons quantitatively.
