  The Internet of Behaviors (IoB) puts human behavior at the core of
engineering intelligent connected systems. IoB links the digital world to human
behavior to establish human-driven design, development, and adaptation
processes. This paper defines the novel concept by an IoB model based on a
collective effort interacting with software engineers, human-computer
interaction scientists, social scientists, and cognitive science communities.
The model for IoB is created based on an exploratory study that synthesizes
state-of-the-art analysis and experts interviews. The architecture of a real
industry 4.0 manufacturing infrastructure helps to explain the IoB model and
it's application. The conceptual model was used to successfully implement a
socio-technical infrastructure for a crowd monitoring and queue management
system for the Uffizi Galleries, Florence, Italy. The experiment, which started
in the fall of 2016 and was operational in the fall of 2018, used a data-driven
approach to feed the system with real-time sensory data. It also incorporated
prediction models on visitors' mobility behavior. The system's main objective
was to capture human behavior, model it, and build a mechanism that considers
changes, adapts in real-time, and continuously learns from repetitive
behaviors. In addition to the conceptual model and the real-life evaluation,
this paper provides recommendations from experts and gives future directions
for IoB to become a significant technological advancement in the coming few
years.
