  The effects of Open Access (OA) upon journal performance are investigated.
The key research question holds: How does the citation impact and publication
output of journals switching ('flipping') from non-OA to Gold-OA develop after
their switch to Gold-OA? A review is given of the literature, with an emphasis
on studies dealing with flipping journals. Two study sets with 119 and 100
flipping journals, derived from two different OA data sources (DOAJ and OAD),
are compared with two control groups, one based on a standard bibliometric
criterion, and a second controlling for a journal's national orientation.
Comparing post-switch indicators with pre-switch ones in paired T-tests,
evidence was obtained of an OA Citation advantage but not of an OA Publication
Advantage. Shifts in the affiliation countries of publishing and citing authors
are characterized in terms of countries' income class and geographical world
region. Suggestions are made for qualitative follow-up studies to obtain more
insight into OA flipping or reverse-flipping
