  This paper presents experimental data and analysis of the structural damage
caused by swift-heavy ion irradiation of single-crystal diamond. The patterned
buried structural damage is shown to generate, via swelling, a mirror-pattern
on the sample surface, which remains largely damage-free. While extensive
results are available for light ion implantations, this effect is reported here
for the first time in the heavy ion regime, where a completely different range
of input parameters (in terms of ion species, energy, stopping power, etc.) is
available for customized irradiation. The chosen ion species are Au and Br, in
the energy range 10-40 MeV. The observed patterns, as characterized by
profilometry and atomic force microscopy, are reported in a series of model
experiments, which show swelling patterns ranging from a few nm to above 200
nm. Moreover, a systematic phenomenological modelling is presented, in which
surface swelling measurements are correlated to buried crystal damage. A
comparison is made with data for light ion implantations, showing good
compatibility with the proposed models. The modelling presented in this work
can be useful for the design and realization of micropatterned surfaces in
single crystal diamond, allowing to generate highly customized structures by
combining appropriately chosen irradiation parameters and masks.
