  We investigate Quantum Target Ranging in the context of multi-hypothesis
testing and its applicability to real-world LiDAR systems. First, we
demonstrate that ranging is generally an easier task compared to the
well-studied problem of target detection. We then analyze the theoretical
bounds and advantages of quantum ranging in the context of phase-insensitive
measurements, which is the operational mode of most LiDAR systems.
Additionally, we adopt a background noise model more suited to optical
frequencies, as opposed to the typical single-mode thermal noise model used in
quantum target detection theory. Our findings indicate that a significant
exponential quantum advantage can be achieved using simple photon-counting
receivers across a broad range of parameters, thereby validating the efficacy
of the quantum approach for LiDAR implementations.
