  Buildings account for a substantial portion of global energy consumption.
Reducing buildings' energy usage primarily involves obtaining data from
building systems and environment, which are instrumental in assessing and
optimizing the building's performance. However, as devices from various
manufacturers represent their data in unique ways, this disparity introduces
challenges for semantic interoperability and creates obstacles in developing
scalable building applications. This survey explores the leading semantic
modeling techniques deployed for energy management in buildings. Furthermore,
it aims to offer tangible use cases for applying semantic models, shedding
light on the pivotal concepts and limitations intrinsic to each model. Our
findings will assist researchers in discerning the appropriate circumstances
and methodologies for employing these models in various use cases.
