  Surface nanobubbles (NBs) are stable gaseous phases in liquids that form at
the interface with solid substrates. They have been particularly intriguing for
their high stability that contradicts theoretical expectations and their
potential relevance for many technological applications. Here, we present the
current state of the art in this research area by discussing and contrasting
main results obtained from theory, simulation and experiment, and presenting
their limitations. We also provide future perspectives anticipating that this
review will stimulate further studies in the research area of surface NBs.
