  Conversational information seeking (CIS) is concerned with a sequence of
interactions between one or more users and an information system. Interactions
in CIS are primarily based on natural language dialogue, while they may include
other types of interactions, such as click, touch, and body gestures. This
monograph provides a thorough overview of CIS definitions, applications,
interactions, interfaces, design, implementation, and evaluation. This
monograph views CIS applications as including conversational search,
conversational question answering, and conversational recommendation. Our aim
is to provide an overview of past research related to CIS, introduce the
current state-of-the-art in CIS, highlight the challenges still being faced in
the community. and suggest future directions.
