  We review discourses about the philosophy of science in qualitative research
and evidence from cognitive linguistics in order to ground a framework for
discussing the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to support the qualitative
analysis process. This framework involves asking two key questions: "is the LLM
proposing or refuting a qualitative model?" and "is the human researcher
checking the LLM's decision-making directly?". We then discuss an implication
of this framework: that using LLMs to surface counter-examples for human review
represents a promising space for the adoption of LLMs into the qualitative
research process. This space is promising because it is a site of overlap
between researchers working from a variety of philosophical assumptions,
enabling productive cross-paradigm collaboration on tools and practices.
