  The unsustainable take-make-dispose linear economy prevalent in healthcare
contributes 4.4% to global Greenhouse Gas emissions. A popular but not yet
widely-embraced solution is to remanufacture common single-use medical devices
like electrophysiology catheters, significantly extending their lifetimes by
enabling a circular life cycle. To support the adoption of catheter
remanufacturing, we propose a comprehensive emission framework and carry out a
holistic evaluation of virgin manufactured and remanufactured carbon emissions
with Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We followed ISO modelling standards and NHS
reporting guidelines to ensure industry relevance. We conclude that
remanufacturing may lead to a reduction of up to 60% per turn (-1.92 kg CO2eq,
burden-free) and 57% per life (-1.87 kg CO2eq, burdened). Our extensive
sensitivity analysis and industry-informed buy-back scheme simulation revealed
long-term emission reductions of up to 48% per remanufactured catheter life
(-1.73 kg CO2eq). Our comprehensive results encourage the adoption of
electrophysiology catheter remanufacturing, and highlight the importance of
estimating long-term emissions in addition to traditional emission metrics.
