  Existing permissioned blockchains often rely on coordination-based consensus
protocols to ensure the safe execution of applications in a Byzantine
environment. Furthermore, these protocols serialize the transactions by
ordering them into a total global order. The serializability preserves the
correctness of the application's state stored on the blockchain. However, using
coordination-based protocols to attain the global order of transactions can
limit the throughput and induce high latency. In contrast, application-level
correctness requirements exist that are not dependent on the order of
transactions, known as invariant-confluence (I-confluence). The I-confluent
applications can execute in a coordination-free manner benefiting from the
improved performance compared to the coordination-based approaches. The safety
and liveness of I-confluent applications are studied in non-Byzantine
environments, but the correct execution of such applications remains a
challenge in Byzantine coordination-free environments. This work introduces
OrderlessChain, a coordination-free permissioned blockchain for the safe and
live execution of I-confluent applications in a Byzantine environment. We
implemented a prototype of our system, and our evaluation results demonstrate
that our coordination-free approach performs better than coordination-based
blockchains.
