  This paper proves that given a doubling weight $w$ on the unit sphere
$\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$, there exists a positive constant $K_w$
such that for each positive integer $n$ and each integer $N\geq \max_{x\in
\mathbb{S}^{d-1}} \frac {K_w} {w(B(x, n^{-1}))}$, there exists a set of $N$
distinct nodes $z_1,\cdots, z_N$ on $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$ which admits a strict
Chebyshev-type cubature formula (CF) of degree $n$ for the measure $w(x)
d\sigma_d(x)$, $$ \frac 1{w(\mathbb{S}^{d-1})} \int_{\mathbb{S}^{d-1}} f(x)
w(x)\, d\sigma_d(x)=\frac 1N \sum_{j=1}^N f(z_j),\ \ \forall f\in\Pi_n^d, $$
and which, if in addition $w\in L^\infty(\mathbb{S}^{d-1})$, satisfies
$$\min_{1\leq i\neq j\leq N}\mathtt{d}(z_i,z_j)\geq c_{w,d} N^{-\frac1{d-1}}$$
for some positive constant $c_{w,d}$. Here, $d\sigma_d$ and $\mathtt{d}(\cdot,
\cdot)$ denote the surface Lebesgue measure and the geodesic distance on
$\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$ respectively, $B(x,r)$ denotes the spherical cap with center
$x\in\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$ and radius $r>0$, $w(E)=\int_E w(x) \, d\sigma_d(x)$ for
$E\subset\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$, and $\Pi_n^d$ denotes the space of all spherical
polynomials of degree at most $n$ on $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$. It is also shown that
the minimal number of nodes $\mathcal{N}_{n} (wd\sigma_d)$ in a strict
Chebyshev-type CF of degree $n$ for a doubling weight $w$ on $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$
satisfies $$\mathcal{N}_n (wd\sigma_d) \sim \max_{x\in \mathbb{S}^{d-1}} \frac
1 {w(B(x, n^{-1}))},\ \ n=1,2,\cdots.$$ Proofs of these results rely on new
convex partitions of $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$ that are regular with respect to a
given weight $w$ and integer $N$. Our results extend the recent results of
Bondarenko, Radchenko, and Viazovska on spherical designs ({\it Ann. of Math.
(2)} {\bf 178}(2013), no. 2, 443--452,{\it Constr. Approx.} {\bf 41}(2015), no.
1, 93--112).
