  We present a search for the rare B-meson decay B0 to a1+- rho-+ with a_1+- to
pi+ pi- pi+-. We use (110 +/- 1.2) x 10^6 Upsilon(4S) to BBbar decays collected
with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We
obtain an upper limit of 30 x 10-6 (90% C.L.) for the branching fraction
product B(B0 to a_1+- rho-+)B(a_1+- to pi+ pi- pi+-), where we assume that the
a_1+- decays exclusively to rho0 pi+-.
