  Artificial immune systems (AISs) to date have generally been inspired by
naive biological metaphors. This has limited the effectiveness of these
systems. In this position paper two ways in which AISs could be made more
biologically realistic are discussed. We propose that AISs should draw their
inspiration from organisms which possess only innate immune systems, and that
AISs should employ systemic models of the immune system to structure their
overall design. An outline of plant and invertebrate immune systems is
presented, and a number of contemporary research that more
biologically-realistic AISs could have is also discussed.
