  In this paper, we study surface-based communication systems based on
different levels of channel state information for system optimization. We
analyze the system performance in terms of rate and degrees of freedom (DoF).
We show that the deployment of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)
results in increasing the number of DoF, by extending the near-field region.
Over Rician fading channels, we show that an RIS can be efficiently optimized
only based on the positions of the transmitting and receiving surfaces, while
providing good performance if the Rician fading factor is not too small.
