  In recent years semiconducting qubits have undergone a remarkable evolution,
making great strides in overcoming decoherence as well as in prospects for
scalability, and have become one of the leading contenders for the development
of large-scale quantum circuits. In this Review we describe the current state
of the art in semiconductor charge and spin qubits based on gate-controlled
semiconductor quantum dots, shallow dopants, and color centers in wide band gap
materials. We frame the relative strengths of the different semiconductor qubit
implementations in the context of quantum simulations, computing, sensing and
networks. By highlighting the status and future perspectives of the basic types
of semiconductor qubits, this Review aims to serve as a technical introduction
for non-specialists as well as a forward-looking reference for scientists
intending to work in this field.
