  We embark on a systematical analysis of the quark and gluon gravitational
form factors (GFFs) of the proton, by connecting energy-momentum tensor (EMT)
and the near-threshold vector meson photoproduction (NTVMP). Concretely, the
quark contributions of GFFs are determined by global fitting the cross section
of the lightest vector meson $\rho^0$ photoproduction. Combined with the gluon
GFFs achieved from heavy quarkonium $J/\psi$ photoproduction data, the complete
GFFs are obtained and compared with the experimental results and Lattice QCD
determinations. In addition, we use the Resonances Via Pad\'{e} (RVP) method
based on the Schlessinger Point Method (SPM) to obtain a model-independent
quark $D$-term distribution by direct analytical continuation of Deep Virtual
Compton Scattering (DVCS) experimental data. If errors are considered, the
results obtained by RVP are basically consistent with those obtained by NTVMP.
Moreover, the comprehensive information on GFFs helps us to uncover the mass
distribution and mechanical properties inside the proton. This work is not only
an important basis for delving the proton enigmatic properties, unraveling the
secrets of the proton internal nature but also have significance theoretical
guiding for future JLab and EICs experimental measurements.
