  The static electric dipole-dipole coupling between donor-acceptor pairs
(DAPs) in wide-bandgap semiconductors has recently emerged as a means of
realizing a quantum science platform through optically controllable, long-range
interactions between defects in the solid state. In this work, we generalize
DAPs to consider arbitrary dopant populations and demonstrate that the charge
of the NV center in diamond is well suited for quantum science. Explicitly, we
leverage experimental results [see Z. Yuan et al., PRR 2, 033263 (2020)] to
show that shallow NV centers can be efficiently initialized to a given relative
population of the negative and neutral charge states and that modulating the
surface termination would allow for control of the timescale over which the
initialization and subsequent computations would occur. Furthermore, we argue
that the observation of electroluminescence from the neutral charge state of
the NV center [see N. Mizuochi et al., Nat. Photon. 6, 299 (2012)], but not
from the negative charge state, implies the ability to interface with the NV
center's charge in a manner analogous to the spin interface enabled by the
spin-state dependent fluorescence of the NV center.
