  We develop the strong coupling quantum thermodynamics based on the solution
of the exact master equation. We find that both the Hamiltonian and the
temperature must be renormalized due to the system-reservoir couplings. With
the renormalized Hamiltonian and temperature, the exact steady state of open
quantum systems can be expressed as a standard Gibbs state. The exact
steady-state particle distributions obey the Bose-Einstein distribution or the
Fermi-Dirac distribution only for the renormalized energy and temperature. In
this formulation, heat and work are quantum mechanically defined, from which we
compute the specific heat and examine the consistency of the theory.
Consequently, thermodynamic laws and statistical mechanics emerge naturally and
rigorously from quantum evolution of open systems.
