  Perturbative expansions of QCD observables in powers of $\alpha_s$ are
believed to be asymptotic and non-Borel summable due to the existence of
singularities in the Borel plane (renormalons). This fact is connected with the
factorization of scales (which is inherent to QCD and asymptotic freedom) and
jeopardizes the convergence of the perturbative expansion and the accurate
determination of power-suppressed corrections. This problem is more acute for
physical systems composed by one or more heavy quarks. In lattice regulations,
it reflects on the appearance of power-like divergences in the inverse of the
lattice spacing for a series of quantities ($\bar \Lambda$, gluelump masses,
the singlet and hybrid potentials, ...) making that the continuum limit can not
be reached for them. Nevertheless, all these problems are solved within the
framework of effective field theories with renormalon substraction. This allows
us to obtain convergent perturbative series and to unambiguously define power
corrections. In particular, one can connect with lattice results. Remarkably
enough the dependence on the lattice spacing can be predicted by perturbation
theory. This framework has been applied to the prediction of the gluelump
masses and the singlet and octet (hybrid) potentials at short distances, as
well as to their comparison with lattice simulations. Overall, very good
agreement with data is obtained.
