  Electric vehicles (EVs) link mobility and electric power availability, posing
a risk of making transportation unavailable during blackouts. We develop a
computational framework to quantify the impact of EVs on mobility and access to
services and find that existing access issues are exacerbated by EVs. Our
results demonstrate that larger batteries reduce mobility constraints but their
effectiveness is dependent on the geographic distribution of services and
households. We explore the trade-offs between mobility and quality-of-life
improvements presented by Vehicle-to-Grid technologies and the feasibility and
trade-offs of public charging infrastructure as a solution to access
inequalities. Equitable access to essential services (e.g. supermarkets,
schools, parks, etc.) is the most important aspect of community resilience and
our results show vehicle electrification can hinder access to essential
services unless properly incorporated into policy and city-scale
decision-making.
