  This thesis covers different subjects of nonlinear and quantum optics,
studied in systems with scales smaller or com-parable to the wavelength of
interest. The manuscript is divided into two parts. The first part of the
manuscript dealswith several applications of optical nanofibers as a platform
for light-matter interaction. In particular we will explore: thecoupling
between a dipole placed on the surface of the nanofiber; the coupling between
two parallel nanofibers; as well asthe mechanical properties of an optical
nanofiber. In the second part of the manuscript, we will focus on solving two
mainchallenges when working with emitters: one is the quantum efficiency of
photoluminescence, the other is the attenuationduring transport of the photons
generated in fiber telecom networks.
