  Erosion of surface atoms of solid materials by ion bombardment
(surface-sputtering) causes nano-ripples and quantum dots to self-organise on
the surfaces. The self-organisation had been shown, in some sputtering
experiments, to be influenced by unexpected contaminants (ions) from vacuum
walls. Existing inter-atomic-interaction potentials of Molecular Dynamics (MD)
simulations for studying this are unsuitable because they assume two-particle
collisions at a time instead of many (including contaminants)-particle
collisions (Wider-area Perturbations, (WP)). We designed this study to develop
a suitable potential that incorporates WP of the MD. We developed the general
potential to account for the possibility of WP due to contaminants (both
foreign and local to the material) consequently shifting the eqiulibrium points
of the MD the material. For instance, dynamics of Au and Fe were studied with O
bombardments/contamination (oxygenated environments), and those of CSiGe were
studied with W, Ti, and O. It was found that the phase-shift, of the
eqiulibrium points of the MD simulations, for Au stabilised for just five atoms
of oxygen while that of Fe did not, when interacting in separate oxygenated
environments. A different phase shift was recorded for CSiGe which reflected
the usage of different contaminants, under subsequent bombardments with W, Ti
and O, in transformations to CSiGeW, CSiGeWTi, and CSiGeWTiO. These results and
those for the sampled superconducting materials, such as SrNdCuO and LiFeAs,
showed a sensitivity of the general potential, and insensitivity of the
existing potentials, to the type and environment of the atoms of these
materials. Furthermore, results obtained clearly show that the MD perturbations
in a material, via its surface, is peculiar to the surface.
