  The ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph (ANDES) is the optical and
near-infrared high-resolution echelle spectrograph envisioned for the European
Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). We present a selection of science cases,
supported by new calculations and simulations, where ANDES could enable major
advances in the fields of stars and stellar populations. We focus on three key
areas, including the physics of stellar atmospheres, structure, and evolution;
stars of the Milky Way, Local Group, and beyond; and the star-planet
connection. The key features of ANDES are its wide wavelength coverage at high
spectral resolution and its access to the large collecting area of the ELT.
These features position ANDES to address the most compelling and potentially
transformative science questions in stellar astrophysics of the decades ahead,
including questions which cannot be anticipated today.
