  Nonequilibrium flows are common in aerospace engineering, and numerical
simulations are vital in understanding non-equilibrium flow dynamics in
spacecraft flight. The unified gas-kinetic wave-particle (UGKWP) method has
been developed for multi-scale flow simulation, which models the coupled
particle transport and collision within a numerical time in the flux evaluation
across a cell interface. The UGKWP balances precision and efficiency in
multiscale flow simulations, particularly in high-speed flow. In this study,
the UGKWP method is used to simulate supersonic flow around a sphere,
hypersonic flow around a space vehicle, nozzle plume into a vacuum, and
side-jet impingement on hypersonic flow. The UGKWP accurately renders the
Navier-Stokes solution within the nozzle, extending to free molecular flow in
the external environment, all within a singular computation. Complicated
structures in flow interaction have been captured by the UGKWP method. All
simulation results have been verified through experimental measurements or
Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods. The UGKWP method requires only 60
GiB of memory to simulate a three-dimensional space vehicle with 560593 cells
under different flow conditions, making it efficient and accurate for aerospace
engineering applications.
