  Objectives The review is dedicated to evaluate the current monkeypox virus
(MPXV) detection methods, discuss their pros and cons, and provide recommended
solutions to the problems.
  Methods The literature for this review is identified through searches in
PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Science Direct
advanced search for articles published in English without any start date until
June, 2022, by use of the terms "monkeypox virus" or "poxvirus" along with
"diagnosis"; "PCR"; "real-time PCR"; "LAMP"; "RPA"; "immunoassay";
"reemergence"; "biothreat"; "endemic", and "multi-country outbreak" and also,
by tracking citations of the relevant papers. The most relevant articles are
included in the review.
  Results Our literature review shows that PCR is the gold standard method for
MPXV detection. In addition, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and
recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) have been reported as alternatives
to PCR. Immunodiagnostics, whole particle detection, and image-based detection
are the non-nucleic acid-based MPXV detection modalities.
  Conclusions PCR is easy to leverage and adapt for a quick response to an
outbreak, but the PCR-based MPXV detection approaches may not be suitable for
marginalized settings. Limited progress has been made towards innovations in
MPXV diagnostics, providing room for the development of novel detection
techniques for this virus.
