  The primordial confrontation underlying the existence of our universe can be
conceived as the battle between entropy and complexity. The law of
ever-increasing entropy (Boltzmann H-theorem) evokes an irreversible,
one-directional evolution (or rather involution) going uniformly and
monotonically from birth to death. Since the 19th century, this concept is one
of the cornerstones and in the same time puzzles of statistical mechanics. On
the other hand, there is the empirical experience where one witnesses the
emergence, growth and diversification of new self-organized objects with
ever-increasing complexity. When modeling them in terms of simple discrete
elements one finds that the emergence of collective complex adaptive objects is
a rather generic phenomenon governed by a new type of laws. These 'emergence'
laws, not connected directly with the fundamental laws of the physical reality,
nor acting 'in addition' to them but acting through them were called by Phil
Anderson 'More is Different', 'das Maass' by Hegel etc. Even though the
'emergence laws' act through the intermediary of the fundamental laws that
govern the individual elementary agents, it turns out that different systems
apparently governed by very different fundamental laws: gravity, chemistry,
biology, economics, social psychology, end up often with similar emergence laws
and outcomes. In particular the emergence of adaptive collective objects endows
the system with a granular structure which in turn causes specific macroscopic
cycles of intermittent fluctuations.
