  [Highly abridged, from executive summary] As much as NewSpace presents
opportunities, there are significant challenges that must be overcome,
requiring engagement with policy makers to influence domestic and international
space governance. Failure to do so could result in a range of long-lasting
negative outcomes for science and space stewardship. How will the Canadian
astronomical community engage with NewSpace? What are the implications for
NewSpace on the astro-environment, including Earth orbits, lunar and cis-lunar
orbits, and surfaces of celestial bodies? This white paper analyzes the rapid
changes in space use and what those changes could mean for Canadian
astronomers. Our recommendations are as follows: Greater cooperation between
the astronomical and the Space Situational Awareness communities is needed.
Build closer ties between the astronomical community and Global Affairs Canada
(GAC). Establish a committee for evaluating the astro-environmental impacts of
human space use, including on and around the Moon and other bodies. CASCA and
the Tri-Council should coordinate to identify programs that would enable
Canadian astronomers to participate in pay-for-use services at appropriate
funding levels. CASCA should continue to foster a relationship with CSA, but
also build close ties to the private space industry. Canadian-led deep space
missions are within Canada's capabilities, and should be pursued.
