  This HDR-thesis is devoted to the study of the rotation of the natural
satellites of the giant planets and of Mercury. These bodies have a resonant
rotation. Most of the natural satellites rotate synchronously, showing the same
hemisphere to their parent planet (1:1 spin-orbit resonance). The case of
Mercury is unique since its spin rate is exactly 1.5 its mean motion (3:2
spin-orbit resonance). These two configurations are dynamical equilibria,
reached after damping of the initial rotation of the relevant bodies. Thus, the
rotation quantities are a signature of the interior, in particular of a
putative global ocean. This manuscript divides into 3 parts. The first part is
devoted to the synchronous resonance. It presents different models of rotation
from a fully rigid body to a one with a global subsurfacic ocean. We always
consider all the degrees of freedom simultaneously, using analytical and
numerical resolutions. These models are applied on Titan, Callisto, Janus,
Epimetheus, Mimas, Hyperion, and Io. The second part presents the resonant
rotation of Mercury, target of the two space missions MESSENGER and
BepiColombo. We reveal in particular how it got trapped into its 3:2 resonance.
The final part presents an algorithm I have elaborated to tackle the rotational
problems.
