  We used the binding energy-bond-charge model to study the atomic bonding and
electrical properties of the two-dimensional graphene/BN van der Waals
heterostructure. We manipulated its atomic bonding and electrical properties by
manufacturing defects. We discovered that this process yielded a band structure
with a flat band, i.e., a horizontal band structure without dispersion at the
Fermi level. Thus, our research is significant because it is the first report
on this flat band of defect graphene/BN van der Waals heterostructures.
