  We summarize recent analytical results obtained for lattice artifacts of the
non-Hermitian Wilson Dirac operator. Hereby we discuss the effect of all three
low energy constants. In particular we study the limit of small lattice spacing
and also consider the regime of large lattice spacing which is closely related
to the mean field limit. Thereby we extract simple relations between measurable
quantities like the average number of additional real modes and the low energy
constants. These relations may improve the fitting for the low energy
constants.
