  Neutron stars -- compact objects with masses similar to that of our Sun but
radii comparable to the size of a city -- contain the densest form of matter in
the universe that can be probed in terrestrial laboratories as well as in
earth- and space-based observatories. The historical detection of gravitational
waves from a binary neutron star merger has opened the brand new era of
multimessenger astronomy and has propelled neutron stars to the center of a
variety of disciplines, such as astrophysics, general relativity, nuclear
physics, and particle physics. The main input required to study the structure
of neutron stars is the pressure support generated by its constituents against
gravitational collapse. These include neutrons, protons, electrons, and perhaps
even more exotic constituents. As such, nuclear physics plays a prominent role
in elucidating the fascinating structure, dynamics, and composition of neutron
stars.
