  The marginal ice zone is the dynamic interface between the open ocean and
consolidated inner pack ice. Surface gravity waves regulate marginal ice zone
extent and properties, and, hence, fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean, and
ice advance and retreat. Over the past decade, seminal experimental campaigns
have generated much needed measurements of wave evolution in the marginal ice
zone, which, notwithstanding the prominent knowledge gaps that remain, are
underpinning major advances in understanding the region's role in the climate
system. Here, we report three-dimensional imaging of waves from a moving vessel
and simultaneous imaging of floe sizes, with the potential to enhance the
marginal ice zone database substantially. The images give the
direction--frequency wave spectrum, which we combine with concurrent
measurements of wind speeds and reanalysis products to reveal the complex
multi-component wind-plus-swell nature of a cyclone-driven wave field, and
quantify evolution of large-amplitude waves in sea ice.
