  Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chains with various spin values
($S=1/2,1,3/2,2,5/2$) are studied numerically with the quantum Monte Carlo
method. Effective spin $S$ chains are realized by ferromagnetically coupling
$n=2S$ antiferromagnetic spin chains with $S=1/2$. The temperature dependence
of the uniform susceptibility, the staggered susceptibility, and the static
structure factor peak intensity are computed down to very low temperatures,
$T/J \approx 0.01$. The correlation length at each temperature is deduced from
numerical measurements of the instantaneous spin-spin correlation function. At
high temperatures, very good agreement with exact results for the classical
spin chain is obtained independent of the value of $S$. For $S$=2 chains which
have a gap $\Delta$, the correlation length and the uniform susceptibility in
the temperature range $\Delta < T < J$ are well predicted by a semi-classical
theory due to Damle and Sachdev.
