  Using a statistical mechanical model and numerical simulations, we provide
the design principle for the bridging strength ($\xi$) and linker density
($\rho$) dependent superselectivity in linker-mediated multivalent nanoparticle
adsorption. When the bridges are insufficient, the formation of multiple
bridges leads to both $\xi$- and $\rho$-dependent superselectivity. Whereas,
when the bridges are excessive, the system becomes insensitive to bridging
strength due to entropy-induced self-saturation and shows a superselective
desorption with respect to the linker density. Counterintuitively, lower linker
density or stronger bridging strength enhances the superselectivity. These
findings enhance understanding of relevant biological processes and open up
opportunities for applications in biosensing, drug delivery, and programmable
self-assembly.
