  The higher spin Kitaev model prominently features the extensive locally
conserved quantities the same as the spin-$1/2$ Kitaev honeycomb model,
although it is not exactly solvable. It remains an open question regarding the
physical meaning of these conserved quantities in the higher spin model. In
this Letter, by introducing a Majorana parton construction for a general
spin-$S$ we uncover that these conserved quantities are exactly the $\mathbb
Z_2$ gauge fluxes in the general spin-$S$ model, including the case of
spin-$1/2$. Particularly, we find an even-odd effect that the $\mathbb Z_2$
gauge charges are fermions in the half integer spin model, but are bosons in
the integer spin model. We further prove that the fermionic $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge
charges are always deconfined; hence the half integer spin Kitaev model would
have non-trivial spin liquid ground states regardless of interaction strengths
in the Hamiltonian. The bosonic $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge charges of the integer spin
model, on the other hand, could condense, leading to a trivial product state,
and this is indeed the case at the anisotropic limit of the model.
