  In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for neo-Hookean incompressible
elasticity in spatial dimension $d \geq 2$. We are here interested primarily in
the low regularity case, $s \le s_{crit}=d/2+1$. For $d = 2, 3$, we prove
existence and uniqueness for $s_0 < s\le s_{crit}$, and we can prove
well-posedness, but for a smaller range, $s_1 < s \le s_{crit}$, \begin{align*}
\text{if $d=2$}{}&, \quad s_0 = \frac74, \quad s_1= \tfrac74 +
\tfrac{\sqrt{65}-7}{8} \\ \text{if $d=3$}{}&, \quad s_0 = 2, \quad s_1 = 1 +
\sqrt{\tfrac32} \end{align*} We consider the initial deformations of the form
$x(0, \xi) = A \xi + \varphi(\xi)$, where $A$ is a constant $SL(d, \mathbb{R})$
matrix, and $\varphi \in H^{s+1}$. For the full range (in $s$) results, as
indicated above, we need additional H\"older regularity assumptions on certain
combinations of second order derivatives of $\varphi$.
  A key observation in the proof is that the equations of evolution for the
vorticities decomposes into a first-order hyperbolic system, for which a
Strichartz estimate holds, and a coupled transport system. This allows one to
set up a bootstrap argument to prove local existence and uniqueness. Continuous
dependence on initial data is proved using an argument inspired by Bona and
Smith, and Kato and Lai, with a modification based on new estimates for Riesz
potentials. The results of this paper should be compared to what is known for
the ideal fluid equations, where, as shown by Bourgain and Li, the requirement
$s > s_{crit}$ is necessary.
