  Background: Low vitamin D intake and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency
(serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration < 50 nmol/L) among Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander peoples highlight a need for public health strategies to
improve vitamin D status. As few foods contain naturally occurring vitamin D,
fortification strategies may be needed to improve vitamin D intake and status
among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Objective: We aimed to
model vitamin D food fortification scenarios among Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander peoples. Methods: We used nationally representative food consumption
data (n=4,109) and vitamin D food composition data to model four food
fortification scenarios. The modelling for Scenario 1 included foods and
maximum vitamin D concentrations permitted for fortification in Australia: i)
dairy products and alternatives, ii) butter/margarine/oil spreads, iii)
formulated beverages, and iv) selected ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. The
modelling for Scenarios 2a-c included some vitamin D concentrations higher than
permitted in Australia; Scenario 2c included bread, which is not permitted for
vitamin D fortification in Australia. Scenario 2a: i) dairy products and
alternatives, ii) butter/margarine/oil spreads, iii) formulated beverages.
Scenario 2b: as per Scenario 2a plus selected ready-to-eat breakfast cereals.
Scenario 2c: as per Scenario 2b plus bread. Results: Vitamin D fortification of
a range of staple foods could potentially increase vitamin D intake among
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples by ~ 3-6 {\mu}g/day. Scenario 2c
showed the highest potential median vitamin D intake increase to ~ 8
{\mu}g/day. Across all modelled scenarios, none of the participants had vitamin
D intake above the Australian upper level of intake of 80 {\mu}g/day.
