  An economic system is an exemplar of a complex system in which all agents
interact simultaneously. Interactions between countries have generally been
studied using the flow of resources across diverse trade networks, in which the
degree of dependence between two countries is typically measured based on the
trade volume. However, indirect influences may not be immediately apparent.
Herein, we compared a direct trade network to a trade network constructed using
the personalized PageRank (PPR) encompassing indirect influences. By analyzing
the correlation of the gross domestic product (GDP) between countries, we
discovered that the PPR trade network has greater explanatory power on the
propagation of economic events than direct trade by analyzing the GDP
correlation between countries. To further validate our observations, an
agent-based model of the spreading economic crisis was implemented for the
Russia-Ukraine war of 2022. The model also demonstrates that the PPR explains
the actual impact more effectively than the direct trade network. Our research
highlights the significance of indirect and long-range relationships, which
have often been overlooked
