  Magnetic heterostructures that combine large spin-orbit torque efficiency,
perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and low resistivity are key to develop
electrically-controlled memory and logic devices. Here we report on vector
measurements of the current-induced spin orbit torques and magnetization
switching in perpendicularly magnetized Pd/Co/AlO$_x$ layers as a function of
Pd thickness. We find sizeable damping-like (DL) and field-like (FL) torques,
of the order of 1~mT per $10^7$~A/cm$^2$, which have different thickness and
magnetization angle dependence. The analysis of the DL torque efficiency per
unit current density and electric field using drift-diffusion theory leads to
an effective spin Hall angle and spin diffusion length of Pd larger than 0.03
and 7~nm, respectively. The FL SOT includes a significant interface
contribution, is larger than estimated using drift-diffusion parameters, and is
further strongly enhanced upon rotation of the magnetization from the
out-of-plane to the in-plane direction. Finally, taking advantage of the large
spin-orbit torques in this system, we demonstrate bipolar magnetization
switching of Pd/Co/AlO$_x$ layers with similar current density as used for
Pt/Co layers with comparable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
