  This review recaps significant results as they apply to non-dwarf galaxies,
including the Milky Way, spiral disks and bulges, and elliptical and lenticular
galaxies. Conclusions that span the galaxy types treated here are as follows.
All galaxies, on average, have heavy element abundances (metallicities) that
systematically decrease outward from their galactic centers while their global
metallicities increase with galaxy mass. Abundance gradients are steepest in
normal spirals and are seen to be progressively flatter going in order from
barred spirals, lenticulars, and ellipticals. For spiral galaxies, local
metallicity appears to be correlated with total (disk plus bulge) surface
density. Observed abundance patterns indicate that N production is dominated by
primary processes at low metallicity and secondary processes at high
metallicity; C production increases with increasing metallicity; and O, Ne, S,
and Ar are produced in lockstep independent of metallicity. In elliptical
galaxies, nuclear abundances are in the range [Z/H] = 0.0 to 0.4, but the
element mixture is not scaled-solar. In large elliptical galaxies [Mg/Fe] is in
the range 0.3 to 0.5, decreasing to ~0 in smaller elliptical galaxies. Other
light elements track the Mg enhancement, but the heavier Ca tracks Fe. Velocity
dispersion appears to be a key parameter in the modulation of [Mg/Fe], but the
cause of the connection is unclear.
