  The Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) program observed the
Extended Groth Strip with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb
Space Telescope (JWST) in 2022. In this paper, we discuss the four MIRI
pointings that observed with longer wavelength filters, including F770W,
F1000W, F1280W, F1500W, F1800W, and F2100W. We compare the MIRI galaxies with
the Spitzer/MIPS 24$\mu$m population in the EGS field. We find that MIRI can
observe an order of magnitude deeper than MIPS in significantly shorter
integration times, attributable to JWST's much larger aperture and MIRI's
improved sensitivity. MIRI is exceptionally good at finding faint ($L_{\rm
IR}<10^{10} L_\odot$) galaxies at $z\sim1-2$. We find that a significant
portion of MIRI galaxies are "mid-IR weak"--they have strong near-IR emission
and relatively weaker mid-IR emission, and most of the star formation is
unobscured. We present new IR templates that capture how the mid-IR to near-IR
emission changes with increasing infrared luminosity. We present two
color-color diagrams to separate mid-IR weak galaxies and active galactic
nuclei (AGN) from dusty star-forming galaxies and find that these color
diagrams are most effective when used in conjunction with each other. We
present the first number counts of 10$\mu$m sources and find that there are
$\lesssim10$ IR AGN per MIRI pointing, possibly due to the difficulty of
distinguishing AGN from intrinsically mid-IR weak galaxies (due to low
metallicities or low dust content). We conclude that MIRI is most effective at
observing moderate luminosity ($L_{\rm IR}=10^9-10^{10}L_\odot$) galaxies at
$z=1-2$, and that photometry alone is not effective at identifying AGN within
this faint population.
