  Laser cooled atoms are central to modern precision measurements. They are
also increasingly important as an enabling technology for experimental cavity
quantum electrodynamics, quantum information processing and matter wave
interferometry. Although significant progress has been made in miniaturising
atomic metrological devices, these are limited in accuracy by their use of hot
atomic ensembles and buffer gases. Advances have also been made in producing
portable apparatus that benefit from the advantages of atoms in the microKelvin
regime. However, simplifying atomic cooling and loading using microfabrication
technology has proved difficult. In this letter we address this problem,
realising an atom chip that enables the integration of laser cooling and
trapping into a compact apparatus. Our source delivers ten thousand times more
atoms than previous magneto-optical traps with microfabricated optics and, for
the first time, can reach sub-Doppler temperatures. Moreover, the same chip
design offers a simple way to form stable optical lattices. These features,
combined with the simplicity of fabrication and the ease of operation, make
these new traps a key advance in the development of cold-atom technology for
high-accuracy, portable measurement devices.
