  Under mechanical abuse conditions, the failure of lithium-ion batteries
occurs in various stages characterized by different force, temperature and
voltage response which require it's in-situ measurements for analysis. Firstly,
four sizes of commercially available lithium-iron phosphate batteries (LFPB)
viz. 18650, 22650, 26650, and 32650 are subjected to quasi static lateral,
longitudinal compression, and nail penetration tests. The failure,
characterized by the voltage drop and temperature rise, at the onset of the
first internal short-circuit (ISC), is identified by Aurdino-based voltage
sensor module and temperature measurement module, respectively. The battery
failure load and peak temperature at the onset of ISC are found to rely on the
battery size strongly. The failure is observed to be delayed for small-sized
18650 batteries during lateral compression, unlike longitudinal compression and
nail penetration test. At the onset of the short circuit, the temperature rise
above the ambient value is different for different LFPBs. It is found to be
maximum (64.4 degree C ) for LFPB 32650 under longitudinal compression and
minimum (29.5 degree C) under lateral compression tests amongst the considered
geometries. Further, LFPB 26650 exhibited a balanced thermal behavior during
the considered abused condition. Such data can be sensed timely for effective
thermal management and improved safety of lithium-ion batteries.
