  In this paper, the behavior of a spherical hole in an otherwise infinite and
uniform universe is investigated. First, the Newtonian theory is developed. The
concept of negative gravity, an outward gravitational force acting away from
the center of the spherical hole, is presented, and the resulting expansion of
the hole is investigated. Then, the same result is derived using the techniques
of Einstein's theory of general relativity. The field equations are solved for
an infinite uniform universe and then for an infinite universe in which matter
is uniformly distributed except for a spherical hole. Negative pressure caused
by negative gravity is utilized. The physical significance of the cosmological
constant is explained, and a new physical concept, that of the gravitational
potential of a hole, is discussed. The relationship between the Newtonian
potential for a hole and the Schwarzschild solution of the field equations is
explored. Finally, the geodesic equations are considered. It is shown that
photons and particles are deflected away from the hole. An application of this
idea is pursued, in which a new cosmology based upon expanding holes in a
uniform universe is developed. The microwave background radiation and Hubble's
Law, among others, are explained. Finally, current astronomical data are used
to compute a remarkably accurate value of Hubble's constant, as well as
estimates of the average mass density of the universe and the cosmological
constant.
