  The informed consent process is a complicated procedure involving permissions
as well a variety of entities and actions. In this paper, we discuss the use of
Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) to further extend the Informed Consent
Ontology (ICO) to allow for semantic machine-based reasoning to manage and
generate important permission-based information that can later be viewed by
stakeholders. We present four use cases of permissions from the All of Us
informed consent document and translate these permissions into SWRL expressions
to extend and operationalize ICO. Our efforts show how SWRL is able to infer
some of the implicit information based on the defined rules, and demonstrate
the utility of ICO through the use of SWRL extensions. Future work will include
developing formal and generalized rules and expressing permissions from the
entire document, as well as working towards integrating ICO into software
systems to enhance the semantic representation of informed consent for
biomedical research.
