  Canids display a wide diversity of social systems, from solitary to pairs to
packs, and hence they have been extensively used as model systems to understand
social dynamics in natural systems. Among canids, the dog can show various
levels of social organization due to the influence of humans on their lives.
Though the dog is known as man's best friend and has been studied extensively
as a pet, studies on the natural history, ecology and behaviour of dogs in a
natural habitat are rare. Here we report results of an extensive
population-level study conducted through one-time censuses in urban India to
understand the ecoethology of free-ranging dogs. We built a model to test if
the observed groups could have been formed through random associations while
foraging. Our modeling results suggest that the dogs, like all efficient
scavengers, tend to forage singly but also form random uncorrelated groups. A
closer inspection of the group compositions however reveals that the foraging
associations are non-random events. The tendency of adults to associate with
the opposite sex in the mating season and of juveniles to stay close to adults
in the non-mating season drives the population towards aggregation, in spite of
the apparently random nature of the group size distribution. Hence we conclude
that to be or not to be social is a matter of choice for the free-ranging dogs,
and not a matter of chance.
