  The black-hole information paradox provides one of the sharpest foci for the
conflict between quantum mechanics and general relativity and has become the
proving-ground of would-be theories of quantum gravity. String theory has made
significant progress in resolving this paradox, and has led to the fuzzball and
microstate geometry programs. The core principle of these programs is that
horizons and singularities only arise if one tries to describe gravity using a
theory that has too few degrees of freedom to resolve the physics. String
theory has sufficiently many degrees of freedom and this naturally leads to
fuzzballs and microstate geometries: The reformation of black holes into
objects with neither horizons nor singularities. This not only resolves the
paradox but provides new insights into the microstructure of black holes. We
summarize the current status of this approach and describe future prospects and
additional insights that are now within reach. This paper is an expanded
version of our Snowmass White Paper arXiv:2203.04981.
