  Previous studies show that prenatal shocks to embryos could have adverse
impacts on health endowment at birth. Using the universe of birth data and a
difference-in-difference-in-difference strategy, I find that exposure to
Ramadan during prenatal development has negative birth outcomes. Exposure to a
full month of fasting is associated with 96 grams lower birth-weight. These
results are robust across specifications and do not appear to be driven by
mothers selective fertility.
