  Thanks to the rapidly developing technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
are able to complete a number of tasks in cooperation with each other without
need for human intervention. In recent years, UAVs, which are widely utilized
in military missions, have begun to be deployed in civilian applications and
mostly for commercial purposes. With their growing numbers and range of
applications, UAVs are becoming more and more popular; on the other hand, they
are also the target of various threats which can exploit various
vulnerabilities of UAV systems in order to cause destructive effects. It is
therefore critical that security is ensured for UAVs and the networks that
provide communication between UAVs. This survey seeks to provide a
comprehensive perspective on security within the domain of UAVs and FANETs. Our
approach incorporates attack surface analysis and aligns it with the
identification of potential threats. Additionally, we discuss countermeasures
proposed in the existing literature in two categories: preventive and detection
strategies. Our primary focus centers on the security challenges inherent to
FANETs, acknowledging their susceptibility to insider threats due to their
unique characteristics. Consequently, our study involves the simulation and
analysis of four distinct routing attacks on FANETs. Hence, this study
transcends a standard review by integrating an attack analysis based on
extensive simulations. Finally, we rigorously examine open issues, and propose
research directions to guide future endeavors in this field.
