  Simmering debates leading to polarization are observed in many domains.
Although empirical findings show a strong correlation between this phenomenon
and modularity of a social network, still little is known about the actual
mechanisms driving communities to conflicting opinions. In this paper, we used
an agent-based model to check if the polarization may be induced by a
competition between two types of social response: conformity and
anticonformity. The proposed model builds on the q-voter model (Castellano et
al. 2009b) and uses a double-clique topology in order to capture segmentation
of a community. Our results indicate that the interplay between intra-clique
conformity and inter-clique anticonformity may indeed lead to a polarized state
of the entire system. We have found a dynamic phase transition controlled by
the fraction $L$ of cross-links between cliques. In the regime of small values
of $L$ system is able to reach the total positive consensus. If the values of
$L$ are large enough, anticonformity takes over and the system always ends up
in a polarized stated. Putting it the other way around, the segmentation of the
network is not a sufficient condition for the polarization to appear. A
suitable level of antagonistic interactions between segments is namely required
to arrive at a polarized steady state within our model.
