  Advances in fifth-generation (5G) networks enable unprecedented reliability,
speed, and connectivity compared to previous mobile networks. These
advancements can revolutionize various sectors by supporting applications
requiring real-time data processing. However, the rapid deployment and
integration of 5G networks bring security concerns that must be addressed to
operate these infrastructures safely. This paper reviews penetration testing
approaches for identifying security vulnerabilities in 5G networks. Penetration
testing is an ethical hacking technique used to simulate a network's security
posture in the event of cyberattacks. This review highlights the capabilities,
advantages, and limitations of recent 5G-targeting security tools for
penetration testing. It examines ways adversaries exploit vulnerabilities in 5G
networks, covering tactics and strategies targeted at 5G features. A key topic
explored is the comparison of penetration testing methods for 5G and earlier
generations. The article delves into the unique characteristics of 5G,
including massive MIMO, edge computing, and network slicing, and how these
aspects require new penetration testing methods. Understanding these
differences helps develop more effective security solutions tailored to 5G
networks. Our research also indicates that 5G penetration testing should use a
multithreaded approach for addressing current security challenges. Furthermore,
this paper includes case studies illustrating practical challenges and
limitations in real-world applications of penetration testing in 5G networks. A
comparative analysis of penetration testing tools for 5G networks highlights
their effectiveness in mitigating vulnerabilities, emphasizing the need for
advanced security measures against evolving cyber threats in 5G deployment.
