  Floating electrode electrowetting is caused by dc voltage applied to a liquid
droplet on the Cytop surface, without electrical connection to the substrate.
The effect is caused by the charge separation in the floating electrode. A
highly-resistive thermally-grown SiO2 layer underneath the Cytop enables the
droplet to hold charges without leakage, which is the key contribution.
Electrowetting with an SiO2 layer shows a memory effect, where the wetting
angle stays the same after the auxiliary electrode is removed from the droplet
in both conventional and floating electrode electrowetting. Floating electrode
electrowetting provides an alternative configuration for developing advanced
electrowetting-based devices.
