  While the emergent field of quantum thermodynamics has the potential to
impact energy science, the performance of thermal machines is often classical.
We ask whether quantum effects can boost the performance of a thermal machine
to reach quantum supremacy, i.e., surpassing both the efficiency and power
achieved in classical thermodynamics. To this end, we introduce a nonadiabatic
quantum heat engine operating an Otto cycle with a many-particle working
medium, consisting of an interacting Bose gas confined in a time-dependent
harmonic trap. It is shown that thanks to the interplay of nonadiabatic and
many-particle quantum effects, this thermal machine can outperform an ensemble
of single-particle heat engines with same resources, demonstrating quantum
supremacy in many-particle thermal machines.
