  In recent years, Rydberg excitations in atomic quantum gases have become a
successful platform to explore quantum impurity problems. A single impurity
immersed in a Fermi gas leads to the formation of a polaron, a quasiparticle
consisting of the impurity being dressed by the surrounding medium. With a
radius of about the Fermi wavelength, the density profile of a polaron cannot
be explored using in-situ optical imaging techniques. In this work, we propose
a new experimental measurement technique that enables the in-situ imaging of
the polaron cloud in ultracold quantum gases. The impurity atom is first
excited to an interacting state which induces the formation of a polaron cloud.
This is followed by the excitation of the impurity atom to a Rydberg state. Due
to the mesoscopic interaction range of Rydberg excitations, which can be tuned
by the principal numbers of the Rydberg state, atoms extracted from the polaron
cloud form dimers with the impurity. By performing first principle calculations
of the absorption spectrum based on a functional determinant approach, we show
how the occupation of the dimer state can be directly observed in spectroscopy
experiments and can be mapped onto the density profile of the gas particles,
hence providing a direct, real-time, and in-situ measure of the polaron cloud.
