  A new gauge theory of gravity is presented. The theory is constructed in a
flat background spacetime and employs gauge fields to ensure that all relations
between physical quantities are independent of the positions and orientations
of the matter fields. In this manner all properties of the background spacetime
are removed from physics, and what remains are a set of `intrinsic' relations
between physical fields. The properties of the gravitational gauge fields are
derived from both classical and quantum viewpoints. Field equations are then
derived from an action principle, and consistency with the minimal coupling
procedure selects an action that is unique up to the possible inclusion of a
cosmological constant. This in turn singles out a unique form of spin-torsion
interaction. A new method for solving the field equations is outlined and
applied to the case of a time-dependent, spherically-symmetric perfect fluid. A
gauge is found which reduces the physics to a set of essentially Newtonian
equations. These equations are then applied to the study of cosmology, and to
the formation and properties of black holes. The existence of global solutions
enables one to discuss the properties of field lines inside the horizon due to
a point charge held outside it. The Dirac equation is studied in a black hole
background and provides a quick derivation of the Hawking temperature.
