  A novel initialization method in the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is
proposed for the color clustering problem. Given a set of color points, the
proposed initialization extracts dominant colors that are the most vivid and
distinguishable colors. Color points closest to the dominant colors are
selected as initial centroids in the FCM. To obtain the dominant colors and
their closest color points, we introduce reference colors and define a fuzzy
membership model between a color point and a reference color.
