  Motivated by forthcoming experiments at RHIC and LHC, and results from SPS, a
review is given of the present state of event-by-event fluctuations in
ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Fluctuations in particle
multiplicities, ratios, transverse momenta, rapidity, etc. are calculated in
participant nucleon as well as thermal models. The physical observables,
including multiplicity, kaon to pion ratios, and transverse momenta agree well
with recent NA49 data at the SPS, and indicate that such studies do not yet
reveal the presence of new physics. Predictions for RHIC and LHC energies are
given. The centrality dependence with and without a phase transition to a
quark-gluon plasma is discussed - in particular, how the physical quantities
are expected to display a qualitative different behavior in case of a phase
transition, and can be signaled by anomalous fluctuations and correlations in a
number of observables.
