  This comprehensive survey deliberated over the security of electronic payment
systems. In our research, we focused on either dominant systems or new attempts
and innovations to improve the level of security of the electronic payment
systems. This survey consists of the Card-present (CP) transactions and a
review of its dominant system i.e. EMV including several researches at
Cambridge university to designate variant types of attacks against this
standard which demonstrates lack of a secure "offline" authentication method
that is one of the main purpose of using the smart cards instead of magnetic
stripe cards which are not able to participate in authentication process, the
evaluation of the EMV migration from RSA cryptosystem to ECC based cryptosystem
3. The evaluation of the Card-not-present transactions approaches including 3D
Secure, 3D SET, SET/EMV and EMV/CAP, the impact of concept of Tokenization and
the role of Blind Signatures schemes in electronic cash and E-payment systems,
use of quantum key distribution (QKD) in electronic payment systems to achieve
unconditional security rather than only computational assurance of the security
level by using traditional cryptography, the evaluation of Near Field
Communication (NFC) and the contactless payment systems such as Google wallet,
Android Pay and Apple Pay, the assessment of the electronic currency and peer
to peer payment systems such as Bitcoin. The criterion of our survey for the
measurement and the judgment about the quality of the security in electronic
payment systems was this quote: "The security of a system is only as strong as
its weakest link"
