  The detection of the first gravitational wave events by the Advanced LIGO
Scientific Collaboration has opened a new possibility for the study of
fundamental physics of gravitational interaction.
  This work conducts an analysis of possible polarization states of
gravitational waves (GW) radiated by the most promising types of sources to be
detected by the modern interferometric antennas: coalescing compact binaries
and collapsing supernovae. Several theoretical approaches to the current as
well as future gravitational wave signals interpretation are discussed together
with a strategy for a search for corresponding transients by means of
multimessenger astronomy.
  One of the aims of this thesis is to develop a new method for GW source
localization depending on a polarization state of an incoming GW in the case of
a detection by two interferometric antennas. Additionally, there is elaborated
a further method focused on a possibility to recognise different polarization
states of a GW detected by means of a network with three and more antennas in
operation. The both proposed methods have been applied to the LIGO events
GW150914, GW151226 and LVT151012, together with the matching of the results
with the currently known electromagnetic follow-ups to these GW events.
  The conclusion of this research is that there are opportunities for verifying
different predictions of the scalar-tensor theories of gravitation by means of
the analysis of the polarization states of the detected gravitational waves.
  All in all, this work provides a new test of the theoretical assumptions
about the nature of gravity as well as about the processes in relativistic
compact objects of various types.
