  We propose a generic system model for a special category of interdependent
networks, demand-supply networks, in which the demand and the supply nodes are
associated with heterogeneous loads and resources, respectively. Our model
sheds a light on a unique cascading failure mechanism induced by resource/load
fluctuations, which in turn opens the door to conducting stress analysis on
interdependent networks. Compared to the existing literature mainly concerned
with the node connectivity, we focus on developing effective resource
allocation methods to prevent these cascading failures from happening and to
mitigate/confine them upon occurrence in the network. To prevent cascading
failures, we identify some dangerous stress mechanisms, based on which we
quantify the robustness of the network in terms of the resource configuration
scheme. Afterward, we identify the optimal resource configuration under two
resource/load fluctuations scenarios: uniform and proportional fluctuations. We
further investigate the optimal resource configuration problem considering
heterogeneous resource sharing costs among the nodes. To mitigate/confine
ongoing cascading failures, we propose two network adaptations mechanisms:
intentional failure and resource re-adjustment, based on which we propose an
algorithm to mitigate an ongoing cascading failure while reinforcing the
surviving network with a high robustness to avoid further failures.
