  The measurement of identified charged-hadron production at mid-rapidity ($|y|
< 0.5$) performed with the ALICE experiment at the LHC is presented for pp
collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 900 GeV and 7 TeV and for Pb--Pb collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV. Transverse momentum spectra of $\pi^{\pm}$,
K$^{\pm}$, p, $\rm \bar{p}$ and multi-strange baryons are measured over a wide
momentum range using the $dE/dx$, the time-of-flight and topological
particle-identification techniques. In this report, the particle-identification
detectors and techniques, as well as the achieved performance, are shortly
reviewed. Proton-proton results on particle production yields, spectral shapes
and particle ratios are presented as a function of the collision energy and
compared to previous experiments and commonly-used Monte Carlo models. Particle
spectra, yields and ratios in Pb--Pb are measured as a function of the
collision centrality and the results are compared with published RHIC data in
Au--Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and predictions for the LHC.
