  Eliptical and bulge galaxies share a tight correlation of velocity
distribution to both luminosity and black hole mass. There are similar orbital
speeds for all galaxies of a given luminosity including dark matter (DM) at
large radii. The halo surface density of DM is constant for almost all types of
galaxies and ranges 14 mag. down to dwarf spherical galaxies. There are
supermassive black holes or giant, pure disk galaxies at high redshift
inexplicable with hierarchical clustering or collapse dynamics. These and a
myriad of other galaxy formation problems are explainable by an initial shell
which caused the Planck cosmic microwave background radiation. A reduction in
the energy-density of primordial galactic black holes is necessary to explain
dark energy.
