  Direct imaging and spectroscopy is the likely means by which we will someday
identify, confirm, and characterize an Earth-like planet around a nearby
Sun-like star. This Chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding
discovering and characterizing exoplanets by direct imaging and spectroscopy.
We detail instruments and software needed for direct imaging detections and
summarize the current inventory of confirmed and candidate directly-imaged
exoplanets. Direct imaging and spectroscopy in the past decade has provided key
insights into jovian planet atmospheres, probed the demographics of the
outskirts of planetary systems, and shed light on gas giant planet formation.
We forecast the new tools and future facilities on the ground and in space that
will enhance our capabilities for exoplanet imaging and will likely image
habitable zone rocky planets around the nearest stars.
