  In this research work the quantum theory of Ur-alternatives of Carl Friedrich
von Weizs\"acker is considered. In This theory all objects and interactions in
nature are constituted by abstract purely quantum logical relations in time.
Such structures can be devided into binary alternatives, which are called
Ur-Alternatives with respect to this principle meaning, and this leads to a
tensor space of many Ur-alternatives. The indistinguishability of the
Ur-alternatives yields two Hilbert spaces, the tensor space of symmetric and
antisymmetric states under permutations of the Ur-alternatives. It is shown how
the structures in the symmetric space can be represented in a three dimensional
real position space connected to time according to special relativity.
Accordingly this theory obtains ultimately a deep understanding of the
EPR-paradox, since logic is independent of topological structures and causal
relations in space. The antisymmetric space, which because of the Pauli
principle contains much less degress of freedem, yields the additional quantum
numbers of the elementary particles. Based on the demand for the highest
possible symmetry in the tensor space, the Yang-Mills gauge theories of the
standard model as well as a translational gauge formulation of general
relativity in a purely quantum logical description are derived. The equations
determine entanglements of states containing many Ur-alternatives and this
concept is the analogue to classical pointwise interactions between separated
objects. This means that the main structures of the SU(N)-interactions of the
standard model of elementary particle physics as well as gravitation according
to general relativiy are unified in a purely quantum theoretical conceptional
framework. Finally it is derived an extended version of the E8-group, the
biggest exceptional Lie-group.
