  The pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of the dynamical nature of
intertwined orders in quantum matter has fueled the development of several new
experimental techniques, including time- and angle-resolved photoemission
spectroscopy (TR-ARPES). In this regard, the study of copper-oxide
high-temperature superconductors, prototypical quantum materials, has furthered
both the technical advancement of the experimental technique, as well as the
understanding of their correlated dynamical properties. Here, we provide a
brief historical overview of the TR-ARPES investigations of cuprates, and
review what specific information can be accessed via this approach. We then
present a detailed discussion of the transient evolution of the low-energy
spectral function both along the gapless nodal direction and in the near-nodal
superconducting gap region, as probed by TR-ARPES on Bi-based cuprates.
