  This paper analyzes the fundamental trade-offs that occur in the co-design of
pilot resource allocations in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
signals for both ranging (via time-of-arrival estimation) and communications.
These trade-offs are quantified through the Shannon capacity bound, probability
of outage, and the Ziv-Zakai bound on range estimation variance. Bounds are
derived for signals experiencing frequency-selective Rayleigh block fading,
accounting for the impact of limited channel knowledge and multi-antenna
reception. Uncompensated carrier frequency offset and phase errors are also
factored into the capacity bounds. Analysis based on the derived bounds
demonstrates how Pareto-optimal design choices can be made to optimize the
communication throughput, probability of outage, and ranging variance.
Different pilot resource allocation strategies are then analyzed, showing how
Pareto-optimal design choices change depending on the channel.
