  Due to large fluctuations in cellular environments, transfer of information
in biological processes without regulation is inherently error-prone. The
mechanistic details of error-reducing mechanisms in biological copying
processes have been a subject of active research; however, how error reduction
of a process is balanced with its thermodynamic cost and dynamical properties
remain largely unexplored. Here, we study the error reducing strategies in
light of the recently discovered thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) that
sets a physical bound to the cost-precision trade-off relevant in general
dissipative processes. We found that the two representative copying processes,
DNA replication by the exonuclease-deficient T7 DNA polymerase and mRNA
translation by the \textit{E. coli} ribosome, reduce the error rates to
biologically acceptable levels while also optimizing the processes close to the
physical limit dictated by TUR.
