  This paper investigates the spectral efficiency of multi-cell massive
multiple-input multiple-output systems with Ricean fading that utilize the
linear maximal-ratio combining detector. We firstly present closed-form
expressions for the effective signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)
with the least squares and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation
methods, respectively, which apply for any number of base-station antennas $M$
and any Ricean $K$-factor. Also, the obtained results can be particularized in
Rayleigh fading conditions when the Ricean $K$-factor is equal to zero. In the
following, novel exact asymptotic expressions of the effective SINR are derived
in the high $M$ and high Ricean $K$-factor regimes. The corresponding analysis
shows that pilot contamination is removed by the MMSE estimator when we
consider both infinite $M$ and infinite Ricean $K$-factor, while the pilot
contamination phenomenon persists for the rest of cases. All the theoretical
results are verified via Monte-Carlo simulations.
