  We explore the commonalities between methods for assuring the security of
computer systems (cybersecurity) and the mechanisms that have evolved through
natural selection to protect vertebrates against pathogens, and how insights
derived from studying the evolution of natural defenses can inform the design
of more effective cybersecurity systems. More generally, security challenges
are crucial for the maintenance of a wide range of complex adaptive systems,
including financial systems, and again lessons learned from the study of the
evolution of natural defenses can provide guidance for the protection of such
systems.
