  Here it is proposed a three-dimensional plasmonic nonvolatile memory crossbar
arrays that can ensure a dual-mode operation in electrical and optical domains.
This can be realized through plasmonics that serves as a bridge between
photonics and electronics as the metal electrode is part of the waveguide. The
proposed arrangement is based on low-loss long-range dielectric-loaded surface
plasmon polariton waveguide where a metal stripe is placed between a buffer
layer and ridge. To achieve a dual-mode operation the materials were defined
that can provide both electrical and optical modulation functionality.
