  Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is mainly launched by the transmission
requirements between devices for specific applications such as Proximity
Services in Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) networks, and each application
will form a group of devices for the network-covered and network-absent D2D
communications. Although there are many privacy concerns in D2D communication,
they have not been well-addressed in current communication standards. This work
introduces network-covered and network-absent authenticated key exchange
protocols for D2D communications to guarantee accountable group anonymity,
end-to-end security to network operators, as well as traceability and
revocability for accounting and management requirements. We formally prove the
security of those protocols, and also develop an analytic model to evaluate the
quality of authentication protocols by authentication success rate in D2D
communications. Besides, we implement the proposed protocols on android mobile
devices to evaluate the computation costs of the protocols. We also evaluate
the authentication success rate by the proposed analytic model and prove the
correctness of the analytic model via simulation. Those evaluations show that
the proposed protocols are feasible to the performance requirements of D2D
communications.
