  This review examined the current advancements in data-driven methods for
analyzing flow and transport in porous media, which has various applications in
energy, chemical engineering, environmental science, and beyond. Although there
has been progress in recent years, the challenges of current experimental and
high-fidelity numerical simulations, such as high computational costs and
difficulties in accurately representing complex, heterogeneous structures, can
still potentially be addressed by state-of-the-art data-driven methods. We
analyzed the synergistic potential of these methods, addressed their
limitations, and suggested how they can be effectively integrated to improve
both the fidelity and efficiency of current research. A discussion on future
research directions in this field was conducted, emphasizing the need for
collaborative efforts that combine domain expertise in physics and advanced
computationald and data-driven methodologies.
