  Modeling of a dense spray regime using an Euler-Lagrange approach is
challenging because of local high volume loading. A cluster of droplets, that
are assumed subgrid, can lead to locally low void fractions for the fluid
phase. Under these conditions, spatio-temporal changes in the fluid volume
fractions should be considered in an Euler-Lagrange, two-way coupling model.
This leads to zero-Mach number, variable density governing equations. Using
pressure-based solvers, this gives rise to a source term in the pressure
Poisson equation and a non-divergence free velocity field. To test the validity
and predictive capability of such an approach, a round jet laden with particles
is investigated using Direct Numerical Simulation coupled with point-Particle
based model and compared with available experimental data for a particulate
turbulent round jet with $Re_j=5712$. Standard force closures including drag,
lift, Magnus effect, pressure, added mass as well as viscous torque acting on
each individual particle are employed in the Point-Particle based model. In
addition, volume displacement effects due to the presence of solid particles or
liquid droplets, which is commonly neglected in the standard two-way coupling,
are taken into account in both continuity and inter-phase momentum transfer to
accurately capture the underlying structure of particle-turbulence
interactions. Prediction results are in well agreement with the corresponding
experiment.
