  In these lectures, I examine the effect of the meson factory $\pi$N data on
the current algebra/PCAC program which describes chiral symmetry breaking in
this system. After historical remarks on the current algebra/PCAC versus chiral
Lagrangians approaches to chiral symmetry, and description of the need for
$\pi$N amplitudes with virtual (off-mass-shell) pions in nuclear force models
and other nuclear physics problems, I begin with kinematics and isospin aspects
of the invariant amplitudes. A detailed introduction to the hadronic vector and
axial-vector currents and the hypothesis of partially conserved axial-vector
currents (PCAC) follows. I review and test against contemporary data the PCAC
predictions of the Goldberger-Treiman relation, and the Adler consistency
condition for a $\pi$N amplitude. Then comes a detailed description of the
current algebra Ward-Takahashi identities in the chiral limit and a brief
account of the on-shell current algebra Ward-Takahashi identities. The latter
identities form the basis of so-called current algebra models of $\pi$N
scattering. I then test these models against the contemporary empirical $\pi$N
amplitudes extrapolated into the subthreshold region via dispersion relations.
The scale and the t dependence of the "sigma term" is determined by the recent
data.
