  Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) combine different energy storage
technologies aiming at overall system performance and lifetime improvement
compared to a single technology system. In this work, control combinations for
a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB, 5/60 kW/kWh) and a lithium-ion battery
(LIB, 3.3/9.8 kW/kWh) are investigated for the design of a HESS. Four real-time
energy management/power allocation scenarios are considered for the operation
of the hybrid storage solution through a 15-year economic and energetic
analysis. The results obtained for each scenario are compared with a single
technology battery performance. In the definition of the scenarios, real
electricity generation is considered from two solar photovoltaic installations
(3.2 kWp and 6.7 kWp) and an estimated representative load of a services
building. HESS performance is evaluated through specific energy and economic
key performance indicators. The results obtained indicate that the use of
customized energy management strategies (EMSs) renders the VRFB and LIB
characteristics complementary, besides enhancing the competitiveness of VRFB,
as a single technology. Moreover, the HESS management impacts the seasonality
factor, contributing to the overall electric system smart management.
