  Recent environmental policies have led many academic, industrial and
governmental stakeholders to design and plan scenarios with very high share of
renewable energy sources (RES). New system elements such as High-voltage Direct
Current (HVDC) transmission, Microgrids, Virtual Power Plants (VPP) and Dynamic
Virtual Power Plants (DVPP) are being increasingly studied with respect to
their contribution to integrate future RES plants in the main grid. Several
future scenarios are being analysed for each system and region, to ensure that
the future energy systems, composed mostly of RES, can remain stable, match the
demand during the seasonal variations across the year and are economically
feasible. In this article, different types of energy scenarios are considered
to obtain a range of options in terms of size, renewable generation
technologies, and electrical network configuration. The scenarios were studied
in the context of the POSYTYF project and were quantified through an
optimization-based algorithm, using specific locations in Europe, and real data
related to the availability of different RES, as well as the demand. It has
been shown that photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation can provide the renewable
backbone but they lack the flexibility needed to achieve a very high share in
the energy mix. Other technologies, such as solar thermal and pumped hydro,
become important to cover the last range of integration, as they provide a high
flexibility, which is crucial for high share.
