  Intrinsic emission and absorption lines of QSOs provide several independent
probes of the metal abundances in QSO environments. They indicate that the
metallicities are typically solar or higher out to redshifts z > 4. These
results support models of galaxy evolution where galactic nuclei, or dense
condensations that later become galactic nuclei, form stars and evolve quickly
at redshifts higher than the QSOs themselves.
