  Electromagnetic turbulence is addressed in tokamak and stellarator plasmas
with the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes ORB5 [E. Lanti et al, Comp.
Phys. Comm, vol. 251, 107072 (2020)] and EUTERPE [V. Kornilov et al, Phys.
Plasmas, vol. 11, 3196 (2004)]. The large-aspect-ratio tokamak, down-scaled
ITER, and Wendelstein 7-X geometries are considered. The main goal is to
increase the plasma beta, the machine size, the ion-to-electron mass ratio, as
well as to include realistic-geometry features in such simulations. The
associated numerical requirements and the computational cost for the cases on
computer systems with massive GPU deployments are investigated. These are
necessary steps to enable electromagnetic turbulence simulations in future
reactor plasmas.
