  To realize the safe, economical and low-carbon operation of the pelagic
island microgrid group, this paper develops a bi-level energy management
framework in a joint energy-reserve market where the microgrid group (MG)
operator and renewable and storage aggregators (RSA) are independent
stakeholders with their own interests. In the upper level, MG operator
determines the optimal transaction prices with aggregators to minimize MG
operation cost while ensuring all safety constraints are satisfied under
uncertainty. In the lower level, aggregators utilize vessels for batteries
swapping and transmission among islands in addition to energy arbitrage by
participating in energy and reserve market to maximize their own revenue. An
upper bound tightening iterative algorithm is proposed for the formulated
problem with nonlinear terms and integer variables in the lower level to
improve the efficiency and reduce the gap between upper bound and lower bound
compared with existing reformulation and decomposition algorithm. Case studies
validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and demonstrate its
advantage of the proposed approach in terms of optimality and computation
efficiency, compared with other methods.
