  Substructures are known to be good tracers for the dynamical states and
recent accretion histories of the most massive collapsed structures in the
Universe, galaxy clusters. Observations find extremely massive substructures in
some clusters, especially Abell 2744, which are potentially in tension with the
$\Lambda$CDM paradigm since they are not found in simulations directly.
However, the methods to measure substructure masses strongly differ between
observations and simulations. Using the fully hydrodynamical cosmological
simulation suite Magneticum Pathfinder we develop a method to measure
substructure masses in projection from simulations, similar to the
observational approach. We identify a simulated Abell 2744 counterpart that not
only has eight substructures of similar mass fractions but also exhibits
similar features in the hot gas component. This cluster formed only recently
through a major merger together with at least 6 massive minor merger events
since z=1, where prior the most massive component had a mass of less than
$1\times10^{14}M_\odot$. We show that the mass fraction of all substructures
and of the eighth substructure separately are excellent tracers for the
dynamical state and assembly history for all galaxy cluster mass ranges, with
high fractions indicating merger events within the last 2Gyr. Finally, we
demonstrate that the differences between subhalo masses measured directly from
simulations as bound and those measured in projection are due to methodology,
with the latter generally 2-3 times larger than the former. We provide a
predictor function to estimate projected substructure masses from SubFind
masses for future comparison studies between simulations and observations.
