  Few-layer graphene (FLG) is grown on copper and nickel substrates at high
rates using a novel flame synthesis method in open-atmosphere environments.
Transmittance and resistance properties of the transferred films are similar to
those grown by other methods, but the concentration of oxygen, as assessed by
XPS, is actually less than that for CVD-grown graphene under near vacuum
conditions. The method involves utilizing a multi-element
inverse-diffusion-flame burner, where post-flame species and temperatures are
radially-uniform upon deposition at a substrate. Advantages of the flame
synthesis method are scalability for large-area surface coverage, increased
growth rates, high purity and yield, continuous processing, and reduced costs
due to efficient use of fuel as both heat source and reagent. Additionally, by
adjusting local growth conditions, other carbon nanostructures (i.e. nanotubes)
are readily synthesized.
