  Ethereum 2.0, as the preeminent smart contract blockchain platform,
guarantees the precise execution of applications without third-party
intervention. At its core, this system leverages the Proof-of-Stake (PoS)
consensus mechanism, which utilizes a stochastic process to select validators
for block proposal and validation, consequently rewarding them for their
contributions. However, the implementation of blockchain technology often
diverges from its central tenet of decentralized consensus, presenting
significant analytical challenges. Our study collects consensus reward data
from the Ethereum Beacon chain and conducts a comprehensive analysis of reward
distribution and evolution, categorizing them into attestation, proposer and
sync committee rewards. To evaluate the degree of decentralization in PoS
Ethereum, we apply several inequality indices, including the Shannon entropy,
the Gini Index, the Nakamoto Coefficient, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
(HHI). Our comprehensive dataset is publicly available on Harvard Dataverse,
and our analytical methodologies are accessible via GitHub, promoting
open-access research. Additionally, we provide insights on utilizing our data
for future investigations focused on assessing, augmenting, and refining the
decentralization, security, and efficiency of blockchain systems.
