  Recommender systems have emerged as a new weapon to help online firms to
realize many of their strategic goals (e.g., to improve sales, revenue,
customer experience etc.). However, many existing techniques commonly approach
these goals by seeking to recover preference (e.g., estimating ratings) in a
matrix completion framework. This paper aims to bridge this significant gap
between the clearly-defined strategic objectives and the not-so-well-justified
proxy.
  We show it is advantageous to think of a recommender system as an analogy to
a monopoly economic market with the system as the sole seller, users as the
buyers and items as the goods. This new perspective motivates a game-theoretic
formulation for recommendation that enables us to identify the optimal
recommendation policy by explicit optimizing certain strategic goals. In this
paper, we revisit and extend our prior work, the Collaborative-Competitive
Filtering preference model, towards a game-theoretic framework. The proposed
framework consists of two components. First, a conditional preference model
that characterizes how a user would respond to a recommendation action; Second,
knowing in advance how the user would respond, how a recommender system should
act (i.e., recommend) strategically to maximize its goals. We show how
objectives such as click-through rate, sales revenue and consumption diversity
can be optimized explicitly in this framework. Experiments are conducted on a
commercial recommender system and demonstrate promising results.
