  Climate change and global warming are the significant challenges of the new
century. A viable solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions is via a
globally incentivized market mechanism proposed in the Kyoto protocol. In this
view, the carbon dioxide (or other greenhouse gases) emission is considered a
commodity, forming a carbon trading system. There have been attempts in
developing this idea in the past decade with limited success. The main
challenges of current systems are fragmented implementations, lack of
transparency leading to over-crediting and double-spending, and substantial
transaction costs that transfer wealth to brokers and agents. We aim to create
a Carbon Credit Ecosystem using smart contracts that operate in conjunction
with blockchain technology in order to bring more transparency, accessibility,
liquidity, and standardization to carbon markets. This ecosystem includes a
tokenization mechanism to securely digitize carbon credits with clear minting
and burning protocols, a transparent mechanism for distribution of tokens, a
free automated market maker for trading the carbon tokens, and mechanisms to
engage all stakeholders, including the energy industry, project verifiers,
liquidity providers, NGOs, concerned citizens, and governments. This approach
could be used in a variety of other credit/trading systems.
