  Interactions between biomolecules, electrons and protons are essential to
many fundamental processes sustaining life. It is therefore of interest to
build mathematical models of these bioelectrical processes not only to enhance
understanding but also to enable computer models to complement in vitro and in
vivo experiments.Such models can never be entirely accurate; it is nevertheless
important that the models are compatible with physical principles. Network
Thermodynamics, as implemented with bond graphs, provide one approach to
creating physically compatible mathematical models of bioelectrical systems.
This is illustrated using simple models of ion channels, redox reactions,
proton pumps and electrogenic membrane transporters thus demonstrating that the
approach can be used to build mathematical and computer models of a wide range
of bioelectrical systems.
