  The objective of this paper is to increase life time of homogeneous wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) through minimizing long range communication and energy
balancing. Sensor nodes are resource constrained particularly with limited
energy that is difficult or impossible to replenish. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive
Clustering Hierarchy) is most well-known cluster based architecture for WSN
that aims to evenly dissipate energy among all sensor nodes. In cluster based
architecture, the role of cluster head is very crucial for the successful
operation of WSN because once the cluster head becomes non functional, the
whole cluster becomes dysfunctional. We have proposed a modified cluster based
WSN architecture by introducing a coordinator node (CN) that is rich in terms
of resources. This CN take up the responsibility of transmitting data to the
base station over longer distances from cluster heads. We have proposed a
cluster head selection algorithm based on K-theorem and other parameters i.e.
residual energy, distance to coordinator node, reliability and degree of
mobility. The K-theorem is used to select candidate cluster heads based on
bunch of sensor nodes in a cluster. We believe that the proposed architecture
and algorithm achieves higher energy efficiency through minimizing
communication and energy balancing. The proposed architecture is more scalable
and proposed algorithm is robust against even/uneven node deployment and node
mobility.
