  Current-voltage measurements are a standard testing protocol to determine the
efficiency of any solar cell. However, perovskite solar cells display
significant kinetic phenomena that modify the performance at several time
scales, due to hysteresis, internal capacitances, and related mechanisms. Here,
we develop a method to analyze the current-voltage curves by using large
amplitude sinusoids as the excitation waveforms, specifically addressed to
determine the influence of cycling frequency on the performance parameters. We
solve a system of equations representative of charge collection and
recombination, that provide the frequency-dependent dynamical behavior of the
internal ion-controlled surface recombination processes that cause open-circuit
voltage variations often observed in high performance devices. We analyze
several reported experimental data, and we feature the key parameters governing
the evolution of hysteresis phenomena as the scan speed is increased in
relation to Impedance Spectroscopy.
