  Deep learning techniques have greatly enhanced the performance of fire
detection in videos. However, video-based fire detection models heavily rely on
labeled data, and the process of data labeling is particularly costly and
time-consuming, especially when dealing with videos. Considering the limited
quantity of labeled video data, we propose a semi-supervised fire detection
model called FireMatch, which is based on consistency regularization and
adversarial distribution alignment. Specifically, we first combine consistency
regularization with pseudo-label. For unlabeled data, we design video data
augmentation to obtain corresponding weakly augmented and strongly augmented
samples. The proposed model predicts weakly augmented samples and retains
pseudo-label above a threshold, while training on strongly augmented samples to
predict these pseudo-labels for learning more robust feature representations.
Secondly, we generate video cross-set augmented samples by adversarial
distribution alignment to expand the training data and alleviate the decline in
classification performance caused by insufficient labeled data. Finally, we
introduce a fairness loss to help the model produce diverse predictions for
input samples, thereby addressing the issue of high confidence with the
non-fire class in fire classification scenarios. The FireMatch achieved an
accuracy of 76.92% and 91.81% on two real-world fire datasets, respectively.
The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the
current state-of-the-art semi-supervised classification methods.
