  We study proximity effects in a multilayered superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F)
structure with arbitrary relative directions of the magnetization ${\bf M}$. If
the magnetizations of different layers are collinear the superconducting
condensate function induced in the F layers has only a singlet component and a
triplet one with a zero projection of the total magnetic moment of the Cooper
pairs on the ${\bf M}$ direction. In this case the condensate penetrates the F
layers over a short length $\xi_J$ determined by the exchange energy $J$. If
the magnetizations ${\bf M}$ are not collinear the triplet component has, in
addition to the zero projection, the projections $\pm1$. The latter component
is even in the momentum, odd in the Matsubara frequency and penetrates the F
layers over a long distance that increases with decreasing temperature and does
not depend on $J$ (spin-orbit interaction limits this length). If the thickness
of the F layers is much larger than $\xi_J$, the Josephson coupling between
neighboring S layers is provided only by the triplet component, so that a new
type of superconductivity arises in the transverse direction of the structure.
The Josephson critical current is positive (negative) for the case of a
positive (negative) chirality of the vector ${\bf M}$. We demonstrate that this
type of the triplet condensate can be detected also by measuring the density of
states in F/S/F structures.
