  We study the role of the environment on galaxy evolution using a sample of
868 galaxies in the Virgo cluster and in its surrounding regions selected from
the GUViCS Survey with the purpose of understanding the origin of the red
sequence in dense environments. We collected multifrequency data covering the
whole electromagnetic spectrum for most of the galaxies. We identify the
different dynamical substructures composing the Virgo cluster and we calculate
the local density of galaxies using different methods. We then study the
distribution of galaxies belonging to the red sequence, the green valley, and
the blue cloud within the different cluster substructures. Our analysis
indicates that all the most massive galaxies are slow rotators and are the
dominant galaxies of the different cluster substructures generally associated
with a diffuse X-ray emission. They are probably the result of major merging
events that occurred at early epochs. Slow rotators of lower stellar mass are
also preferentially located within the different high-density substructures of
the cluster. They are virialised within the cluster, thus Virgo members since
its formation. They have been shaped by gravitational perturbations occurring
within the infalling groups that later formed the cluster. On the contrary,
low-mass star-forming systems are extremely rare in the inner regions of the
Virgo cluster A, where the density of the intergalactic medium is at its
maximum. Our ram pressure stripping models consistently indicate that these
star-forming systems can be rapidly deprived of their interstellar medium
during their interaction with the intergalactic medium. The lack of gas
quenches their star formation activity transforming them into quiescent dwarf
ellipticals. This mild transformation does not perturb the kinematic properties
of these galaxies which still have rotation curves typical of star-forming
systems.
