  Preprint of an Encyclopedia article (Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics,
eds. J.-P. Fran\c{c}oise, G.L. Naber and Tsou S.T., Oxford: Elsevier, 2006
(ISBN 978-0-1251-2666-3), volume 5, pages 465-473) extended with an appendix on
relations of electric networks and solvable models. We welcome comments,
especially on the added appendix. Please, note that the reference list has been
restricted to only giving a few historical items and sources explicitly used.
We apologize in advance for the many omissions.
