  Neutral atom systems are an appealing platform for the development and
testing of quantum control and measurement techniques. This dissertation
presents experimental investigations of control and measurement tools using as
a testbed the 16-dimensional hyperfine manifold associated with the electronic
ground state of $^{133}$Cs atoms. On the control side, we present an
experimental realization of a protocol to implement robust unitary
transformations in the presence of static and dynamic perturbations. We also
present an experimental realization of inhomogeneous quantum control.
Specifically, we demonstrate our ability to perform two different unitary
transformations on atoms that see different light shifts from an optical
addressing field. On the measurement side, we present experimental realizations
of quantum state and process tomography. The state tomography project
encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of several measurement strategies and
state estimation algorithms. Our experimental results show that in the presence
of experimental imperfections, there is a clear tradeoff between accuracy,
efficiency and robustness in the reconstruction. The process tomography project
involves an experimental demonstration of efficient reconstruction by using a
set of intelligent probe states. Experimental results show that we are able to
reconstruct unitary maps in Hilbert spaces with dimension ranging from $d = 4$
to $d = 16$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a
unitary process in $d = 16$ is successfully reconstructed in the laboratory.
