  Phase separation under non-equilibrium conditions is exploited by biological
cells to organize their cytoplasm but remains poorly understood as a physical
phenomenon. Here, we study a ternary fluid model in which phase-separating
molecules can be converted into soluble molecules, and vice versa, via chemical
reactions. We elucidate using analytical and simulation methods how drop size,
formation, and coarsening can be controlled by the chemical reaction rates, and
categorize the qualitative behavior of the system into distinct regimes.
Ostwald ripening arrest occurs above critical reaction rates, demonstrating
that this transition belongs entirely to the non-equilibrium regime. Our model
is a minimal representation of the cell cytoplasm.
