  The ability to exploit the opportunities offered by AI within UK Defence
calls for an understanding of systemic issues required to achieve an effective
operational capability. This paper provides the authors' views of issues which
currently block UK Defence from fully benefitting from AI technology. These are
situated within a reference model for the AI Value Train, so enabling the
community to address the exploitation of such data and software intensive
systems in a systematic, end to end manner. The paper sets out the conditions
for success including: Researching future solutions to known problems and
clearly defined use cases; Addressing achievable use cases to show benefit;
Enhancing the availability of Defence-relevant data; Enhancing Defence 'know
how' in AI; Operating Software Intensive supply chain eco-systems at required
breadth and pace; Governance and, the integration of software and platform
supply chains and operating models.
