  Ensuring fairness in decision-making systems within
Human-Cyber-Physical-Systems (HCPS) is a pressing concern, particularly when
diverse individuals, each with varying behaviors and expectations, coexist
within the same application space, influenced by a shared set of control
actions in the system. The long-term adverse effects of these actions further
pose the challenge, as historical experiences and interactions shape individual
perceptions of fairness. This paper addresses the challenge of fairness from an
equity perspective of adverse effects, taking into account the dynamic nature
of human behavior and evolving preferences while recognizing the lasting impact
of adverse effects. We formally introduce the concept of
Fairness-in-Adverse-Effects (FinA) within the HCPS context. We put forth a
comprehensive set of five formulations for FinA, encompassing both the
instantaneous and long-term aspects of adverse effects. To empirically validate
the effectiveness of our FinA approach, we conducted an evaluation within the
domain of smart homes, a pertinent HCPS application. The outcomes of our
evaluation demonstrate that the adoption of FinA significantly enhances the
overall perception of fairness among individuals, yielding an average
improvement of 66.7% when compared to the state-of-the-art method.
