  Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are
becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In the
last decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly
across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The researches
vary from initialization, control and readout of qubits, to the architecture of
fault tolerant quantum computing. Here, we first introduce the basic ideas for
quantum computing, and then discuss the developments of single- and two- qubit
gate control in semiconductor. Till now, the qubit initialization, control and
readout can be realized with relatively high fidelity and a programmable
two-qubit quantum processor was even demonstrated. However, to further improve
the qubit quality and scale it up, there are still some challenges to resolve
such as the improvement of readout method, material development and scalable
designs. We discuss these issues and introduce the forefronts of progress.
Finally, considering the positive trend of the research on semiconductor
quantum devices and recent theoretical work on the applications of quantum
computation, we anticipate that semiconductor quantum computation may develop
fast and will have a huge impact on our lives in the near future.
