  This paper addresses optimal battery thermal management (BTM), charging, and
eco-driving of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) with the goal of improving its
grid-to-meter energy efficiency. Thus, an optimisation problem is formulated,
aiming at finding the optimal trade-off between trip time and charging cost.
The formulated problem is then transformed into a hybrid dynamical system,
where the dynamics in driving and charging modes are modeled with different
functions and with different state and control vectors. Moreover, to improve
computational efficiency, we propose modelling the driving dynamics in a
spatial domain, where decisions are made along the traveled distance. Charging
dynamics are modeled in a temporal domain, where decisions are made along a
normalized charging time. The actual charging time is modeled as a scalar
variable that is optimized simultaneously with the optimal state and control
trajectories, for both charging and driving modes. The performance of the
proposed algorithm is assessed over a road with a hilly terrain, where two
charging possibilities are considered along the driving route. According to the
results, trip time including driving and charging times, is reduced by 44 %,
compared to a case without battery active heating/cooling.
