  Although the energies associated with nuclear reactions are due primarily to
interactions involving nuclear forces, the rates and probabilities associated
with those reactions are effectively governed by electromagnetic forces.
Charges in the local environment can modulate the Coulomb barrier, and thereby
change the rates of nuclear processes. Experiments are presented in which
low-temperature electrons are attached to high-density rotating neutrals to
form negative ions. The steady-state quiescent rotating plasma generated here
lends itself to first prove the principle that low temperature systems can
yield MeV fusion particles. It allows the use of high density of neutrals
interacting with the wall to yield gain greater than unity. It also
demonstrates that instabilities can be avoided with high neutral densities.
Collective dynamic interactions within this steady-state quiescent plasma
result in an arrangement of negative charges that lowers the effective Coulomb
barrier to nuclear reactions at a solid wall of reactants. MeV alpha particles
are synchronously observed with externally imposed pulses as evidence of fusion
being enabled by Coulomb fields. Impacts on fusion, the source of energy in the
universe, will be discussed.
