  We elucidate chirality production under parity breaking constant
electromagnetic fields, with which we clarify qualitative differences in and
out of equilibrium. For a strong magnetic field the pair production from the
Schwinger mechanism increments the chirality. The pair production rate is
exponentially suppressed with mass according to the Schwinger formula, while
the mass dependence of chirality production in the axial Ward identity appears
in the pesudo-scalar term. We demonstrate that in equilibrium field theory
calculus the axial anomaly is canceled by the pseudo-scalar condensate for any
mass. In a real-time formulation with in- and out-states, we show that the
axial Ward identity leads to the chirality production rate consistent with the
Schwinger formula. We illuminate that such an in- and out-states formulation
makes clear the chiral magnetic effect in and out of equilibrium, and we
discuss further applications to real-time condensates.
