  The strategy of permitting general traffic to use the bus lane for improved
utilization while ensuring bus priority has gained increasingly attention,
particularly with the support of vehicle-to-everything technology. In this
study, we propose a novel lane usage strategy called Dynamic Spatial-Temporal
Priority (DSTP) to ensure bus priority and optimize bus lane usage in a mixed
traffic environment. DSTP leverages dynamic methods to identify available
spatial-temporal resources in the lane, utilizing signal timing, road
information, and vehicle data. A Right-of-Way assignment optimization model is
then developed based on these resources to determine which vehicles can enter
the bus lane. The model is dynamically enacted using a rolling horizon scheme
to accommodate time-varying traffic conditions. Numerical studies have
validated the advantages of DSTP, showing maintained bus priority, improved
traffic efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and lower CO2 emissions,
especially during periods of high traffic demand and concentrated bus arrivals.
