  A numerical method is presented to simulate gas-liquid-solid flows with
bubble-particle interaction, including particle collision, sliding, and
attachment. Gas-liquid flows are simulated in an Eulerian framework using a
volume-of-fluid method. Particle motions are predicted in a Lagrangian
framework. Algorithms that are used to detect collision and determine the
sliding or attachment of the particle are developed. An effective bubble is
introduced to model these bubble-particle interaction. The proposed numerical
method is validated through experimental cases that entail the rising of a
single bubble with particles. Collision and attachment probabilities obtained
from the simulation are compared to model and experimental results based on
bubble diameters, particle diameters, and contact angles. The particle
trajectories near the bubble are presented to show differences with and without
the proposed bubble-particle interaction model. The sliding and attachment of
the colliding particle are observed using this model.
