  Adiabatic evolutions find widespread utility in applications to quantum state
engineering, geometric quantum computation, and quantum simulation. Although
offering robustness to experimental imperfections, adiabatic processes are
susceptible to decoherence due to their long evolution time. A general strategy
termed "shortcuts to adiabaticity" (STA) aims to remedy this vulnerability by
designing fast dynamics to reproduce the results of slow, adiabatic evolutions.
Here, we implement a novel STA technique known as "superadiabatic
transitionless driving" (SATD) to speed up stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
(STIRAP) in a solid-state lambda ({\Lambda}) system. Utilizing optical
transitions to a dissipative excited state in the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center
in diamond, we demonstrate the accelerated performance of different shortcut
trajectories for population transfer and for the initialization and transfer of
coherent superpositions. We reveal that SATD protocols exhibit robustness to
dissipation and experimental uncertainty, and can be optimized when these
effects are present. These results motivate STA as a promising tool for
controlling open quantum systems comprising individual or hybrid
nanomechanical, superconducting, and photonic elements in the solid state.
