  Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures of the upper extremity
in humans. As such, they account for a significant portion of the injuries that
present to emergency rooms and clinics throughout the world. We trained a
Faster R-CNN, a machine vision neural network for object detection, to identify
and locate distal radius fractures in anteroposterior X-ray images. We achieved
an accuracy of 96\% in identifying fractures and mean Average Precision, mAP,
of 0.866. This is significantly more accurate than the detection achieved by
physicians and radiologists. These results were obtained by training the deep
learning network with only 38 original images of anteroposterior hands X-ray
images with fractures. This opens the possibility to detect with this type of
neural network rare diseases or rare symptoms of common diseases , where only a
small set of diagnosed X-ray images could be collected for each disease.
