  Over the last decades, cognitive psychology has come to fair consensus about
the ontological structure of human intelligence. However, it remains an open
question, whether anatomical properties of the brain support the same ontology.
The present study explored the ontological structure derived from
neuroanatomical networks associated with performance in 15 cognitive tasks
indicating various abilities. Results suggest that the brain-derived
(neurometric) ontology is partly consistent with the cognitive
performance-derived (psychometric) ontology. However, there are interpretable
and complementary differences as well. Moreover, the cortical areas associated
with different inferred abilities are segregated, with little or no overlap.
Nevertheless, these spatially segregated cortical areas are integrated via
denser white matter structural connections as compared with the general brain
connectome. The integration of ability-related cortical networks constitutes a
neural counterpart to the psychometric construct of general intelligence, while
the consistency and differences between psychometric and neurometric ontologies
represent crucial pieces of knowledge for theory building, clinical diagnostics
and treatment.
