  A monoid $M$ is called surjunctive if every injective cellular automata with
finite alphabet over $M$ is surjective. We show that all finite monoids, all
finitely generated commutative monoids, all cancellative commutative monoids,
all residually finite monoids, all finitely generated linear monoids, and all
cancellative one-sided amenable monoids are surjunctive. We also prove that
every limit of marked surjunctive monoids is itself surjunctive. On the other
hand, we show that the bicyclic monoid and, more generally, all monoids
containing a submonoid isomorphic to the bicyclic monoid are non-surjunctive.
