  A genetic programming (GP) variant called traceless genetic programming (TGP)
is proposed in this paper. TGP is a hybrid method combining a technique for
building individuals and a technique for representing individuals. The main
difference between TGP and other GP techniques is that TGP does not explicitly
store the evolved computer programs. Two genetic operators are used in
conjunction with TGP: crossover and insertion. TGP is applied for evolving
digital circuits for the even-parity problem. Numerical experiments show that
TGP outperforms standard GP with several orders of magnitude.
