  The analysis of bubbly two-phase flows is challenging due to their turbulent
nature and the need for intrusive phase-detection probes. However, accurately
characterizing these flows is crucial for safely designing critical
infrastructure such as dams and their appurtenant structures. The combination
of dual-tip intrusive phase-detection probes with advanced signal processing
algorithms enables the assessment of pseudo-instantaneous 1-D velocity time
series; for which the limitations are not fully fathomed. In this
investigation, we theoretically define four major sources of error, which we
quantify using synthetically generated turbulent time series, coupled with the
simulated response of a phase detection probe. Our findings show that typical
high-velocity flows in hydraulic structures hold up to 15% error in the mean
velocity estimations and up to 35% error in the turbulence intensity
estimations for the most critical conditions, typically occurring in the
proximity of the wall. Based on thousands of simulations, our study provides a
novel data-driven tool for the estimation of these baseline errors (bias and
uncertainties) in real-word phase-detection probe measurements.
