  A connected vehicle (CV) environment is composed of a diverse data
collection, data communication and dissemination, and computing infrastructure
systems that are vulnerable to the same cyberattacks as all traditional
computing environments. Cyberattacks can jeopardize the expected safety,
mobility, energy, and environmental benefits from connected vehicle
applications. As cyberattacks can lead to severe traffic incidents, it has
become one of the primary concerns in connected vehicle applications. In this
paper, we investigate the impact of cyberattacks on the
vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) network from a V2I application point of view.
Then, we develop a novel V2I cybersecurity architecture, named CVGuard, which
can detect and prevent cyberattacks on the V2I environment. In designing
CVGuard, key challenges, such as scalability, resiliency and future usability
were considered. A case study using a distributed denial of service (DDoS) on a
V2I application, i.e., the Stop Sign Gap Assist (SSGA) application, shows that
CVGuard was effective in mitigating the adverse effects created by a DDoS
attack. In our case study, because of the DDoS attack, conflicts between the
minor and major road vehicles occurred in an unsignalized intersection, which
could have caused potential crashes. A reduction of conflicts between vehicles
occurred because CVGuard was in operation. The reduction of conflicts was
compared based on the number of conflicts before and after the implementation
and operation of the CVGuard security platform. Analysis revealed that the
strategies adopted by the CVGuard were successful in reducing the inter-vehicle
conflicts by 60% where a DDoS attack compromised the SSGA application at an
unsignalized intersection.
