  We have investigated an isotropic and homogeneous cosmological model of the
universe in $f(R, T^{\phi})$ gravity, where $T^{\phi}$ is the trace of the
energy-momentum tensor and $R$ is the Ricci scalar. We developed and presented
exact solutions of field equations of the proposed model by taking the
parametrization $q(z) =\alpha + \frac{\beta z}{1+z}$, where $\alpha$ and
$\beta$ are arbitrary constants. The best possible values of the model's free
parameters are estimated using the latest observational data sets of OHD, BAO,
and Pantheon by applying the MCMC statistical technique. Some kinematic
properties like density parameter $\rho_{\phi}$, pressure $p_{\phi}$, and
equation of state parameter $\omega_{\phi}$ are derived. We have also discussed
the behavior of the scalar potential $V(\phi)$ in the $f(R, T^{\phi})$ gravity
theory. The behaviors of scalar fields for quintessence and phantom models are
explored. Furthermore, we have discussed the behavior of energy conditions and
sound speed in $f(R, T^{\phi})$ cosmology.
