  Ionic electro-active polymers (E.A.P.) can be used as sensors or actuators.
For this purpose, a thin film of polyelectrolyte is saturated with a solvent
and sandwiched between two platinum electrodes. The solvent causes a complete
dissociation of the polymer and the release of small cations. The application
of an electric field across the thickness results in the bending of the strip
and vice versa. The material is modelled by a two-phase continuous medium. The
solid phase, constituted by the polymer backbone inlaid with anions, is
depicted as a deformable porous media. The liquid phase is composed of the free
cations and the solvent (usually water). We used a coarse grain model. The
conservation laws of this system have been established in a previous work. The
entropy balance law and the thermodynamic relations are first written for each
phase, then for the complete material using a statistical average technique and
the material derivative concept. One deduces the entropy production.
Identifying generalized forces and fluxes provides the constitutive equations
of the whole system : the stress-strain relations which satisfy a Kelvin-Voigt
model, generalized Fourier's and Darcy's laws and the Nernst-Planck equation.
