  Being one of the most fascinating and ancient sciences, astronomy has always
played a special role in society. In 2022 ESO organised an online conference to
offer the community a platform to discuss astronomical topics of sociological
and philosophical relevance in a professional atmosphere. The talks touched on
several crucial aspects, moving from the methodology of science to the use of
metrics, to the importance of diversity in evaluation processes, and to the
link between astronomy and society.
