  Existing norms for scientific communication are rooted in anachronistic
practices of bygone eras, making them needlessly inefficient. We outline a path
that moves away from the existing model of scientific communication to improve
the efficiency in meeting the purpose of public science - knowledge
accumulation. We call for six changes: (1) full embrace of digital
communication, (2) open access to all published research, (3) disentangling
publication from evaluation, (4) breaking the "one article, one journal" model
with a grading system for evaluation and diversified dissemination outlets, (5)
publishing peer review, and, (6) allowing open, continuous peer review. We
address conceptual and practical barriers to change, and provide examples
showing how the suggested practices are being used already. The critical
barriers to change are not technical or financial; they are social. While
scientists guard the status quo, they also have the power to change it.
