  The study of resolved stellar populations in the Milky Way and other Local
Group galaxies can provide us with a fossil record of their chemo-dynamical and
star-formation histories over timescales of many billions of years. In the
galactic components and stellar systems of the Milky Way and its satellites,
individual stars can be resolved. Therefore, they represent a unique laboratory
in which to investigate the details of the processes behind the formation and
evolution of the disc and dwarf/irregular galaxies. MOONS at the VLT represents
a unique combination of an efficient infrared multi-object spectrograph and a
large-aperture 8-m-class telescope which will sample the cool stellar
populations of the dense central regions of the Milky Way and its satellites,
delivering accurate radial velocities, metallicities, and other chemical
abundances for several millions of stars over its lifetime (see Cirasuolo et
al., this issue). MOONS will observe up to 1000 targets across a 25-arcminute
field of view in the optical and near-infrared (0.6-1.8 micron) simultaneously.
A high-resolution (R~19700) setting in the H band has been designed for the
accurate determination of stellar abundances such as alpha, light, iron-peak
and neutron-capture elements.
