  Readability is defined as the reading level of the speech from grade 1 to
grade 12. It results from the use of the REAP readability analysis (vocabulary
- Collins-Thompson and Callan, 2004; syntax - Heilman et al ,2006, 2007), which
use the lexical contents and grammatical structure of the sentences in a
document to predict the reading level. After analysis, results were grouped
into the average readability of each candidate, the evolution of the
candidate's speeches' readability over time and the standard deviation, or how
much each candidate varied their speech from one venue to another. For
comparison, one speech from four past presidents and the Gettysburg Address
were also analyzed.
