  Previous estimates of the annual mean surface temperature of Jupiter's moon,
Europa, neglected the effect of the eccentricity of Jupiter's orbit around the
Sun, the effect of the emissivity and heat capacity of Europa's ice, the effect
of the eclipse of Europa (i.e., the relative time that Europa is within the
shadow of Jupiter), the effect of Jupiter's radiation, and the effect of
Europa's internal heating. Other studies concentrated on the diurnal cycle but
neglected some of the above factors. In addition, to our knowledge, the
seasonal cycle of the surface temperature of Europa was not estimated. Here we
systematically estimate the diurnal, seasonal and annual mean surface
temperature of Europa, when Europa's obliquity, emissivity, heat capacity, and
eclipse, as well as Jupiter's radiation, internal heating, and eccentricity,
are all taken into account. For a typical internal heating rate of 0.05 W
m$^{-2}$, the equator, pole, and the global and mean annual mean surface
temperatures are 96K, 46K, and 90K, respectively. We found that the temperature
at the high latitudes is significantly affected by the internal heating,
especially during the winter solstice, suggesting that measurements of high
latitude surface temperatures can be used to constrain the internal heating. We
also estimate the incoming solar radiation to Enceladus, the moon of Saturn.
