  The proper functions of tissues depend on the ability of cells to withstand
stress and maintain shape. Central to this process is the cytoskeleton,
comprised of three polymeric networks: F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate
filaments. Intermediate filament proteins are among the most abundant
cytoskeletal proteins in cells; yet they remain one of the least understood.
Their structure and function deviate from those of their cytoskeletal partners,
F-actin and microtubules. Intermediate filament networks show a unique
combination of extensibility, flexibility and toughness that confers mechanical
resilience to the cell. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein expressed
in mesenchymal cells. This review highlights exciting new results on the
physical biology of vimentin intermediate filaments and their role in allowing
whole cells and tissues to cope with stress.
