  In compressed sensing, the measurement is usually contaminated by additive
noise, and hence the information on the noise variance is often required to
design algorithms. In this paper, we propose an estimation method for the
unknown noise variance in compressed sensing problems. The proposed method,
called asymptotic residual matching (ARM), estimates the noise variance from a
single measurement vector on the basis of the asymptotic result for the
$\ell_{1}$ optimization problem. Specifically, we derive the asymptotic
residual corresponding to the $\ell_{1}$ optimization and show that it depends
on the noise variance. The proposed ARM approach obtains the estimate by
comparing the asymptotic residual with the actual one, which can be obtained by
the empirical reconstruction without the information of the noise variance. For
the proposed ARM, we also propose a method to choose a reasonable parameter on
the basis of the asymptotic residual as well. The idea of the proposed ARM can
be applied not only to the reconstruction of the sparse vector but also to that
of other structured vectors such as the binary vector. Simulation results show
that the proposed noise variance estimation outperforms several conventional
methods, especially when the problem size is small. We also show that, by using
the proposed method, we can tune the regularization parameter of the $\ell_{1}$
optimization to achieve good reconstruction performance even when the noise
variance is unknown.
