  When light scatters off an object its polarization, in general, changes - a
transformation described by the object's Mueller matrix. Mueller matrix imaging
polarimetry is an important technique in science and technology to image the
spatially varying polarization response of an object of interest, to reveal
rich information otherwise invisible to traditional imaging. In this work, we
conceptualize, implement and demonstrate a compact and minimalist Mueller
matrix imaging system - composed of a metasurface to produce structured
polarization illumination, and a metasurface for polarization analysis - that
can, in a single shot, acquire images for all sixteen components of an object's
spatially varying Mueller matrix. Our implementation, which is free of any
moving parts or bulk polarization optics, should enable and empower
applications in real-time medical imaging, material characterization, machine
vision, target detection, and other important areas.
