  To develop a funding model for Open Access journal publication, it is
necessary first to understand who benefits. This is a difficult task, because,
in Open Access, no credentials are needed to read a journal article, and, thus,
those people who access journal articles through Open Access leave no
self-identification. We might call these readers "ghost readers". In this
paper, I propose a method to learn the reading habits of the ghost readers. I
explore this method using a database of downloads from the Open Access volumes
of the Annual Reviews journals. I find that the habits of the ghost readers are
very similar to those of academic readers from known institutions.
