  As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) significantly increases, the
excessive charging demand of parked EVs in the charging station may incur an
instability problem to the electricity network during peak hours. For the
charging station to take a microgrid (MG) structure, an economical and
energy-efficient power management scheme is required for the power provision of
EVs while considering the local load demand of the MG. For these purposes, this
study presents the power management scheme of interdependent MG and EV fleets
aided by a novel EV charg-ing/discharging scheduling algorithm. In this
algorithm, the maximum amount of discharging power from parked EVs is
determined based on the difference between local load demand and photovoltaic
(PV) power production to alleviate imbalances occurred between them. For the
power management of the MG with charging/discharging scheduling of parked EVs
in the PV-based charging station, multi-objective optimization is performed to
minimize the operating cost and grid dependency. In addition, the proposed
scheme maximizes the utilization of EV charging/discharging while satisfying
the charging requirements of parked EVs. Moreover, a more economical and
energy-efficient PV-based charging station is established using the future
trends of local load demand and PV power production predicted by a gated
recurrent unit (GRU) network. With the proposed EV charging/discharging
scheduling algorithm, the operating cost of PV-based charging station is
decreased by 167.71% and 28.85% compared with the EV charg-ing scheduling
algorithm and the conventional EV charging/discharging scheduling algorithm,
respectively. It is obvious that the economical and energy-efficient operation
of PV-based charging station can be accomplished by applying the power
management scheme with the proposed EV charging/discharging scheduling
strategy.
