  The Josephson effect is found to stem from the quantum behavior of massive
photons existing in a superconducting medium. Accordingly, the Josephson
coupling energy is found to be equal to the rest mass energy of these photons.
The Josephson effect is described by propagation of massive photon field
following the universal quantum equation instead of being due to quantum
tunnelling. The mass of the photon is found to be dependent on the electric
properties of the junction. A characteristic (critical) quantized capacitance
of the junction is found to be inversely related to the critical current. The
quantum (kinetic) inductance induced in the junction is found to be equal to
$L_q=\mu_0\lambda_J$\,, where $\lambda_J$ is the Josephson penetration depth,
and $\mu_0$ is the free space permeability.
