  In this study, we evaluate the performance of three algorithms as
computational models of trabecular bone architecture, through systematic
evaluation of morphometric, topological, and mechanical properties. Here, we
consider the widely-used gyroid lattice structure, the recently-developed
spinodoid structure and a structure similar to Voronoi lattices introduced here
as the dual-lattice. While all computational models were calibrated to recreate
the trabecular tissue volume (e.g., BV/TV), it was found that both the gyroid-
and spinodoid-based structures showed substantial differences in many other
morphometric and topological parameters and, in turn, showed lower effective
mechanical properties compared to trabecular bone. The newly-developed
dual-lattice structures better captured both morphometric parameters and
mechanical properties, despite certain differences being evident their
topological configuration compared to trabecular bone. Still, these
computational algorithms provide useful platforms to investigate trabecular
bone mechanics and for designing biomimetic structures, which could be produced
through additive manufacturing for applications that include bone substitutes,
scaffolds and porous implants. Furthermore, the software for the creation of
the structures has been added to the open source toolbox GIBBON and is
therefore freely available to the community.
