  Due to the concerns of the society about the increase of antibiotic resistant
infections, many studies and research have been done on nanoparticles and
applications of nano-biotechnology. Zirconium Oxide ($\text{ZrO}_{2}$) in which
called zirconia, is a white oxide of zirconium metal that its diameter is 20
nm. The colloidal size of these particles is often smaller than bacterial and
eukaryotic cells. The main intention of this paper is to investigate the effect
of different doses of $\text{ZrO}_{2}$ NPs on the sequences changes for the
$\textit{Escherichia coli}$ ($\textit{E. coli}$) genome. At the first step,
$\textit{E. coli}$ was cultured in eosin methylene blue agar and brain heart
broth (BHB) mediums, respectively. Then, bacteria were treated with
$\text{ZrO}_{2}$ NPs at concentrations of 100, 250, and 350 $\mu$g/ml. After
treatment, the growth of bacteria was evaluated by utilizing spectrophotometry
at 600 nm after incubation times including 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours at 37
$^{\circ}$C. At the second step, the extraction of DNA was performed by using
control and treated samples. Then, the changes in the sequence of bacterial
genome were investigated using RAPD markers. Finally, NTSYS-PC platform was
employed in order to analyze of the results extracted by electrophoresis of
products on agarose gel. In this paper, it was observed that $\text{ZrO}_{2}$
NPs can inhibit the growth of bacteria at concentrations of 250 and 350
$\mu$g/ml after 8 hours of treatment. It was also found that the
$\text{ZrO}_{2}$ NPs at different concentrations have not changed the genome
sequence of $\textit{E. coli}$. Furthermore, it was concluded that the
$\text{ZrO}_{2}$ NPs with the concentration of 350 $\mu$g/ml had the highest
inhibitory properties without significant changing in the genomic sequence of
$\textit{E. coli}$.
