  Although quantum computing hardware has evolved significantly in recent
years, spurred by increasing industrial and government interest, the size
limitation of current generation quantum computers remains an obstacle when
applying these devices to relevant, real-world problems. In order to
effectively exploit the potential benefits of quantum computing, heterogeneous
approaches that combine both classical and quantum computing techniques are
needed. In this work, we explore multiple heterogeneous approaches to solving
multiple industry-relevant benchmark problems in order to understand how best
to leverage quantum computers given current constraints. Our results indicate:
that solver performance is highly dependent on the structure (size and edge
density) of the problem graph; that reusing a single fixed problem embedding,
as opposed to dynamically searching for problem embeddings, is key to avoiding
computational bottlenecks; that solutions of better quality are produced by
algorithms that iteratively propagate the influence that solving an individual
sub-problem has to the remainder of the larger problem; and that the Qbsolv
algorithm (which implements the aforementioned techniques) is, at this time,
the state-of-the-art in producing quality solutions, in a timely fashion, to a
variety of theoretical and real-world problems too large to directly embed onto
a quantum annealing device.
