  As miniaturized spacecraft (e.g., cubesats and smallsats) and instrumentation
become an increasingly indispensable part of space exploration and scientific
investigations, it is important to understand their potential susceptibility to
space weather impacts resulting from the sometimes volatile space environment.
There are multitude of complexities involved in how space environment interacts
with different space hardware/electronics. Measurements of such impacts,
however, have been lacking. Therefore, we recommend developing and/or procuring
low-cost, low-power consumption, and compact sensor suites (mainly for space
weather and impact purposes) and flying them on all future NASA (and U.S in
general) missions in order to measure and quantify space weather impacts, in
addition to the main instrumentation.
