  The recently installed internal gas target at LHCb presents exceptional
opportunities for an extensive physics program for heavy-ion, hadron, spin, and
astroparticle physics. A storage cell placed in the LHC primary vacuum, an
advanced Gas Feed System, the availability of multi-TeV proton and ion beams
and the recent upgrade of the LHCb detector make this project unique worldwide.
In this paper, we outline the main components of the system, the physics
prospects it offers and the hardware challenges encountered during its
implementation. The commissioning phase has yielded promising results,
demonstrating that fixed-target collisions can occur concurrently with the
collider mode without compromising efficient data acquisition and high-quality
reconstruction of beam-gas and beam-beam interactions.
