  In this work we analyze the deep link between the 20th Century positivist
re-foundation of physics and the famous measurement problem of quantum
mechanics. We attempt to show why this is not an "obvious" nor "self evident"
problem for the theory of quanta, but rather a direct consequence of the
empirical-positivist understanding of physical theories when applied to the
orthodox quantum formalism. In contraposition, we discuss a representational
realist account of both physical 'theories' and 'measurement' which goes back
to the works of Einstein, Heisenberg and Pauli. After presenting a critical
analysis of Bohr's definitions of 'measurement' we continue to discuss the way
in which several contemporary approaches to QM --such as decoherence, modal
interpretations and QBism-- remain committed to Bohr's general methodology.
Finally, in order to expose the many inconsistencies present within the
(empirical-positivist) presuppositions responsible for creating the quantum
measurement problem, we show how through these same set of presuppositions it
is easy to derive a completely analogous paradox for the case of classical
mechanics.
