  Mathematical models of cardiac electrical activity are one of the most
important tools for elucidating information about the heart diagnostic. Even
though it is one of the major problems in biomedical research, an efficient
mathematical formulation for this modelling has still not been found.
  In this paper, we present an outstanding mathematical model. It relies on a
five dipole representation of the cardiac electric source, each one associated
with the well-known waves of the electrocardiogram signal. The mathematical
formulation is simple enough to be easily parametrized and rich enough to
provide realistic signals. Beyond the physical basis of the model, the
parameters are physiologically interpretable as they characterize the wave
shape, similar to what a physician would look for in signals, thus making them
very useful in diagnosis.
  The model accurately reproduces the electrocardiogram and vectocardiogram
signals of any diseased or healthy heart, bringing together different systems
in a single model.
  Furthermore, a novel algorithm accurately identifies the model parameters.
This new discovery represents a revolution in electrocardiography research,
solving one of the main problems in this field. It is especially useful for the
automatic diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, patient follow-up or
decision-making on new therapies.
