  We report Chandra imaging-spectroscopy and RXTE spectroscopy of the nearby,
powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A. Various aspects of the results are discussed,
including the X-ray properties of the nucleus, the radio hot spots, the cluster
of galaxies, the prolate cavity in the ICM inflated by the radio jets and
``bands'' of thermal gas which encircle the cavity in its equatorial plane. The
hard X-ray emission of the nucleus extends to 100 keV and originates from an
unresolved source absorbed by a large column density (N$_{\rm H}$ $\simeq$ 2
$\times$ 10$^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$) of gas. The soft ($<$ 2 keV) nuclear emission
exhibits a bi-polar structure which extends $\simeq$ 2 kpc from the nucleus and
is strongly correlated with both optical continuum and emission-line
morphologies. It is suggested that this nebulosity is photoionized by the
nucleus and that the extended X-rays are electron-scattered nuclear radiation.
All four radio hot spots are detected in X-rays, with the emission resulting
from synchrotron self-Compton radiation in an approximately equipartition
field. The temperature of the X-ray emitting intracluster gas drops from
$\simeq 8$ keV more than 100 kpc from the center to $\simeq 5$ keV some 80 kpc
from the center, with the coolest gas immediately adjacent to the radio galaxy.
There is a metallicity gradient in the X-ray emitting gas, with the highest
metallicities ($\sim$ solar) found close to the center, decreasing to $\sim
0.3$ solar in the outer parts. (Abstract truncated).
