  The recent discovery of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic
materials has provided new, unprecedented opportunities for both fundamental
science and technological applications. Unlike three-dimensional (3D) magnetic
systems, the electric manipulation of vdW magnetism (e.g., magnetization state,
magnetic anisotropy, magnetic ordering temperature) down to the monolayer limit
at ambient conditions enables high efficiency operation and low energy
consumption, which has the potential to revolutionize the fields of
spintronics, spin-caloritronics, and valleytronics. This article provides an
in-depth analysis of the recent progress, emerging opportunities, and technical
challenges in the electric manipulation of magnetic functionalities of a wide
variety of 2D vdW magnetic systems ranging from metals to semiconductors and
heterostructures. The state-of-the-art understanding of the mechanisms behind
the electric modulation of magnetism in these 2D vdW magnetic systems will
drive future research towards novel applications in spintronics,
spin-caloritronics, valleytronics, and quantum computation.
