  I propose a broad, multi-dimensional conception of altmetrics, namely as
traces of the computerization of the research process. Computerization should
be conceived in its broadest sense, including all recent developments in ICT
and software, taking place in society as a whole. I distinguish four aspects of
the research process: the collection of research data and development of
research methods; scientific information processing; communication and
organization; and, last but not least, research assessment. I will argue that
in each aspect, computerization plays a key role, and metrics are being
developed to describe this process. I propose to label the total collection of
such metrics as Altmetrics. I seek to provide a theoretical foundation of
altmetrics, based on notions developed by Michael Nielsen in his monograph
Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science. Altmetrics can be
conceived as tools for the practical realization of the ethos of science and
scholarship in a computerized or digital age.
