  Atomic nuclei exhibit multiple energy scales ranging from hundreds of MeV in
binding energies to fractions of an MeV for low-lying collective excitations.
As the limits of nuclear binding is approached near the neutron- and proton
driplines, traditional shell-structure starts to melt with an onset of
deformation and an emergence of coexisting shapes. It is a long-standing
challenge to describe this multiscale physics starting from nuclear forces with
roots in quantum chromodynamics. Here we achieve this within a unified and
non-perturbative framework that captures both short- and long-range
correlations starting from modern nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces from
chiral effective field theory. The short-range correlations which accounts for
the bulk of the binding energy is included within a symmetry-breaking
framework, while long-range correlations (and fine details about the collective
structure) are included via symmetry projection. Our calculations accurately
reproduce available experimental data for low-lying collective states and the
electromagnetic quadrupole transitions in $^{20-30}$Ne. We also reveal
coexisting spherical and deformed shapes in $^{30}$Ne, which indicates the
breakdown of the magic neutron number $N=20$ as the key nucleus $^{28}$O is
approached, and we predict that the dripline nuclei $^{32,34}$Ne are strongly
deformed. By developing reduced-order-models for symmetry-projected states, we
perform a global sensitivity analysis and find that the subleading singlet
S-wave contact and a pion-nucleon coupling strongly impact nuclear deformation
in chiral effective-field-theory. The techniques developed in this work clarify
how microscopic nuclear forces generate the multiscale physics of nuclei
spanning collective phenomena as well as short-range correlations and allow to
capture emergent and dynamical phenomena in finite fermion systems.
