  AIoT devices have attracted significant attention within the 3GPP
organization. These devices, distinguished from conventional IoT devices, do
not rely on additional batteries or have extremely small battery capacities,
offering features such as low cost, easy deployment, and maintenance-free
operation. Authentication and secure transmission are fundamental security
requirements for AIoT devices. However, existing standard security mechanisms
are not specifically designed for AIoT devices due to their complex key
hierarchies and multi-round interactions, making them unsuitable. Besides, AIoT
devices would have more various communication topologies. Therefore, we propose
dedicated ultra-lightweight access authentication protocols based on various
technologies and algorithms to serve as a forward-looking reference for future
research and standardization. Analysis and simulation experiments using chips
that closely resemble real AIoT devices, demonstrate that the existing standard
protocols are indeed not suitable for such devices, and our protocols
outperform existing standard protocols in terms of computational time and
energy consumption. After the successful execution of proposed protocols, they
can achieve secure transmission of application data, striking a balance between
performance and security.
