  Open RAN (ORAN, O-RAN) represents a novel industry-level standard for RAN
(Radio Access Network), which defines interfaces that support inter-operation
between vendors' equipment and offer network flexibility at a lower cost. Open
RAN integrates the benefits and advancements of network softwarization and
Artificial Intelligence to enhance the operation of RAN devices and operations.
Open RAN offers new possibilities so that different stakeholders can develop
the RAN solution in this open ecosystem. However, the benefits of Open RAN
bring new security and privacy challenges. As Open RAN offers an entirely
different RAN configuration than what exists today, it could lead to severe
security and privacy issues if mismanaged, and stakeholders are understandably
taking a cautious approach towards the security of Open RAN deployment. In
particular, this paper provides a deep analysis of the security and privacy
risks and challenges associated with Open RAN architecture. Then, it discusses
possible security and privacy solutions to secure Open RAN architecture and
presents relevant security standardization efforts relevant to Open RAN
security. Finally, we discuss how Open RAN can be used to deploy more advanced
security and privacy solutions in 5G and beyond RAN.
