  Here, we report an experimental demonstration of perovskite solar cells
dominated by bimolecular recombination and critically analyse their performance
against radiative limits. To this end, we first establish a set of quantitative
benchmark characteristics expected from solar cells limited by bimolecular
recombination. Transient as well as steady state intensity dependent
measurements indicate that our solar cells indeed operate at such limits with
interface passivation comparable to the champion c-Si technology. Further, we
identify novel characterization schemes which enable consistent back extraction
of recombination parameters from transient optoelectrical and
electroluminescence measurements. Remarkably, these parameters predict
important features of dark current density vs. voltage characteristics (J-V)
and Suns-V_OC measurements, thus validating the estimates and the methodology.
Uniquely, this work provides a consistent and coherent interpretation of
diverse experimental trends ranging from dark J-V, Suns-V_OC, steady state and
transient intensity dependent measurements to electroluminescence quantum
yield. As such, insights shared in this manuscript could have significant
implications towards fundamental electronic processes in perovskite solar cells
and further efficiency optimization towards Shockley-Queisser limits.
