  As a free, intensive, rarely interactive and well directional messenger,
solar neutrinos have been driving both solar physics and neutrino physics
developments for more than half a century. Since more extensive and advanced
neutrino experiments are under construction, being planned or proposed, we are
striving toward an era of precise and comprehensive measurement of solar
neutrinos in the next decades. In this article, we review recent theoretical
and experimental progress achieved in solar neutrino physics. We present not
only an introduction to neutrinos from the standard solar model and the
standard flavor evolution, but also a compilation of a variety of new physics
that could affect and hence be probed by solar neutrinos. After reviewing the
latest techniques and issues involved in the measurement of solar neutrino
spectra and background reduction, we provide our anticipation on the physics
gains from the new generation of neutrino experiments.
