  There is an effect in the modified dynamics (MOND) that is conducive to
formation of warps. Because of the nonlinearity of the theory the internal
dynamics of a galaxy is affected by a perturber over and above possible tidal
effects. For example, a relatively distant and light companion or the mean
influence of a parent cluster, with negligible tidal effects, could still
produce a significant warp in the outer part of a galactic disk. We present
results of numerical calculations for simplified models that show, for
instance, that a satellite with the (baryonic) mass and distance of the
Magellanic clouds can distort the axisymmetric field of the Milky Way enough to
produce a warp of the magnitude (and position) observed. Details of the warp
geometry remain to be explained: we use a static configuration that can produce
only warps with a straight line of nodes. In more realistic simulations one
must reckon with the motion of the perturbing body, which sometimes occurs on
time scales not much longer than the response time of the disk.
