  The recent advances in single atom detection and manipulation in experiments
with ultracold quantum gases are reviewed. The discussion starts with the basic
principles of trapping, cooling and detecting single ions and atoms. The
realization of single atom detection in ultracold quantum gases is presented in
detail and the employed methods, which are based on light scattering, electron
scattering, field ionization and direct neutral particle detection are
discussed. The microscopic coherent manipulation of single atoms in a quantum
gas is also covered. Various examples are given in order to highlight the power
of these approaches to study many-body quantum systems.
