  We present an overview of high energy transients in astrophysics,
highlighting important advances over the past 50 years. We begin with early
discoveries of gamma-ray transients, and then delve into physical details
associated with a variety of phenomena. We discuss some of the unexpected
transients found by Fermi and Swift, many of which are not easily classifiable
or in some way challenge conventional wisdom. These objects are important
insofar as they underscore the necessity of future, more detailed studies.
