  Terrestrial radiative cooling is an intriguing way to mitigate the
accelerating cooling demands in the residential and commercial sectors by
offering zero-energy cooling. However, the ultra-white or mirror-like
appearance of radiative coolers can be visually sterile and raise safety issues
when broadly applied to building facades and vehicles. To overcome the
fundamental trade-off between color diversity and cooling performance, we
propose a radiatively integrated, conductively insulated system that exploits
thermal non-equilibrium between colorants and thermal emitters. This allows
such radiative coolers to be cooled below the ambient temperature at all times
of the day while exhibiting any desired exterior color including black. We
experimentally demonstrate that even black coolers, absorbing 646 Wm-2 of solar
power under AM1.5 conditions, cools down to a maximum of 6.9 K (average of 3.5
K) below the ambient temperature during the daytime. These systems can
potentially be used in outdoor applications, especially in commercial buildings
and residential houses, where carbon-free thermal management is in high demand
but diversity of colors is also important for visual appeal and comfort.
