  We identify problems with the standard complex order parameter formalism for
smectic-A (SmA) liquid crystals, and discuss possible alternative descriptions
of smectic order. In particular, we suggest an approach based on the real
smectic density variation rather than a complex order parameter. This approach
gives reasonable numerical results for the smectic layer configuration and
director field in sample geometries, and can be used to model smectic liquid
crystals under nanoscale confinement for technological applications.
