  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy as an alternative to
pharmaceutical treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). Aside from factors such
as instrumentation, treatment plans, and surgical protocols, the success of the
procedure depends heavily on the accurate placement of the electrode within the
optimal therapeutic targets while avoiding vital structures that can cause
surgical complications and adverse neurologic effects. While specific surgical
techniques for DBS can vary, interventional guidance with medical imaging has
greatly contributed to the development, outcomes, and safety of the procedure.
With rapid development in novel imaging techniques, computational methods, and
surgical navigation software, as well as growing insights into the disease and
mechanism of action of DBS, modern image guidance is expected to further
enhance the capacity and efficacy of the procedure in treating PD. This article
surveys the state-of-the-art techniques in image-guided DBS surgery to treat
PD, and discuss their benefits and drawbacks, as well as future directions on
the topic.
