  (Abridged) Low-luminosity, gas-rich blue compact galaxies (BCG) are ideal
laboratories to investigate many aspects of the star formation in galaxies. We
study the morphology, stellar content, kinematics, and the nebular excitation
and ionization mechanism in the BCG Haro 14 by means of integral field
observations with VIMOS in the VLT. From these data we build maps in continuum
and in the brighter emission lines, produce line-ratio maps, and obtain the
velocity and velocity dispersion fields. We also generate the integrated
spectrum of the major HII regions and young stellar clusters identified in the
maps to determine reliable physical parameters and oxygen abundances. We find
as follows: i) the current star formation in Haro 14 is spatially extended with
the major HII regions placed along a linear structure, elongated in the
north-south direction, and in a horseshoe-like curvilinear feature that extends
about 760 pc eastward; the continuum emission is more concentrated and peaks
close to the galaxy center; ii) two different episodes of star formation are
present: the recent starburst, with ages $\leq$ 6 Myrs and the intermediate-age
clusters, with ages between 10 and 30 Myrs; these stellar components rest on a
several Gyr old underlying host galaxy; iii) the H$\alpha$/H$\beta$ pattern is
inhomogeneous, with excess color values varying from E(B-V)=0.04 up to
E(B-V)=1.09; iv) shocks play a significant role in the galaxy; and v) the
velocity field displays a complicated pattern with regions of material moving
toward us in the east and north galaxy areas. The morphology of Haro 14, its
irregular velocity field, and the presence of shocks speak in favor of a
scenario of triggered star formation. Ages of the knots are consistent with the
ongoing burst being triggered by the collective action of stellar winds and
supernovae originated in the central clusters.
