  The Last Mile Delivery (LMD) refers to the last and most inefficient part of
the supply chain. This is caused by the spatial distribution of disperse small
receiving points, the ever-growing demand for faster shipment and the new time
constraints of deliveries. Moreover, the small urban vehicles used for package
distribution make LMD the most polluting part of the supply chain. This study
describes the existing methods to improve the efficiency of LMD, its challenges
and makes a conceptual proposal. The state-of-the-art techniques are
categorised according to their data sources, the theoretical framework of the
proposed models and the dynamic nature of the solutions.
