  Self-supervised pre-trained transformers have improved the state of the art
on a variety of speech tasks. Due to the quadratic time and space complexity of
self-attention, they usually operate at the level of relatively short (e.g.,
utterance) segments. In this paper, we study the use of context, i.e.,
surrounding segments, during fine-tuning and propose a new approach called
context-aware fine-tuning. We attach a context module on top of the last layer
of a pre-trained model to encode the whole segment into a context embedding
vector which is then used as an additional feature for the final prediction.
During the fine-tuning stage, we introduce an auxiliary loss that encourages
this context embedding vector to be similar to context vectors of surrounding
segments. This allows the model to make predictions without access to these
surrounding segments at inference time and requires only a tiny overhead
compared to standard fine-tuned models. We evaluate the proposed approach using
the SLUE and Libri-light benchmarks for several downstream tasks: Automatic
speech recognition (ASR), named entity recognition (NER), and sentiment
analysis (SA). The results show that context-aware fine-tuning not only
outperforms a standard fine-tuning baseline but also rivals a strong context
injection baseline that uses neighboring speech segments during inference.
