  Pair programming is widely recognized as an effective educational tool in
computer science that promotes collaborative learning and mirrors real-world
work dynamics. However, communication breakdowns within pairs significantly
challenge this learning process. In this study, we use eye-tracking data
recorded during pair programming sessions to study communication dynamics
between various pair programming roles across different student, expert, and
mixed group cohorts containing 19 participants. By combining eye-tracking data
analysis with focus group interviews and questionnaires, we provide insights
into communication's multifaceted nature in pair programming. Our findings
highlight distinct eye-tracking patterns indicating changes in communication
skills across group compositions, with participants prioritizing code
exploration over communication, especially during challenging tasks. Further,
students showed a preference for pairing with experts, emphasizing the
importance of understanding group formation in pair programming scenarios.
These insights emphasize the importance of understanding group dynamics and
enhancing communication skills through pair programming for successful outcomes
in computer science education.
