  In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for a lens antenna array (LAA)
designed to work with a small number of antennas and enable angle-of-arrival
(AoA) estimation for advanced 5G vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases that
demand wider bandwidths and higher data rates. We derive a received signal in
terms of optical analysis to consider the variability of the focal region for
different carrier frequencies in a wideband multi-carrier system. By taking
full advantage of the beam squint effect for multiple pilot signals with
different frequencies, we propose a novel reconfiguration of antenna array
(RAA) for the sparse LAA and a max-energy antenna selection (MS) algorithm for
the AoA estimation. In addition, this paper presents an analysis of the
received power at the single antenna with the maximum energy and compares it to
simulation results. In contrast to previous studies on LAA that assumed a large
number of antennas, which can require high complexity and hardware costs, the
proposed RAA with MS estimation algorithm is shown meets the requirements of 5G
V2X in a vehicular environment while utilizing limited RF hardware and has low
complexity.
