  In the scientific and engineering literature, the second law of
thermodynamics is expressed in terms of the behavior of entropy in reversible
and irreversible processes. According to the prevailing statistical mechanics
interpretation the entropy is viewed as a nonphysical statistical attribute, a
measure of either disorder in a system, or lack of information about the
system, or erasure of information collected about the system, and a plethora of
analytic expressions are proposed for the various measures. In this paper, we
present two expositions of thermodynamics (both 'revolutionary' in the sense of
Thomas Kuhn with respect to conventional statistical mechanics and traditional
expositions of thermodynamics) that apply to all systems (both macroscopic and
microscopic, including single particle or single spin systems), and to all
states (thermodynamic or stable equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and other states).
