  Ice deposits on Earth provide an extended record of volcanism, planetary
climate, and life. On Mars, such a record may extend as far back as tens to
hundreds of millions of years (My), compared to only a few My on Earth. Here,
we propose and demonstrate a compact instrument, the Melter-Sublimator for Ice
Science (MSIS), and describe its potential use cases. Similar to current use in
the analysis of ice cores, linking MSIS to downstream elemental, chemical, and
biological analyses could address whether Mars is, or was in the recent past,
volcanically active, enable the creation of a detailed climate history of the
late Amazonian, and seek evidence of subsurface life preserved in ice sheets.
The sublimation feature can not only serve as a preconcentrator for in-situ
analyses, but also enable the collection of rare material such as cosmogenic
nuclides, which could be returned to Earth and used to confirm and expand the
record of nearby supernovas and long-term trends in space weather. Missions to
Ocean Worlds such as Europa or Enceladus will involve ice processing, and there
MSIS would deliver liquid samples for downstream wet chemistry analyses. Our
combined melter-sublimator system can thus help to address diverse questions in
heliophysics, habitability, and astrobiology.
