  X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the analysis of the energy
distribution of X-rays from astrophysical sources. It allows for the study of
the properties, composition, and physical processes taking place at the site of
emission. X-ray spectral analysis methods are diverse, as they often need to be
tailored to the specific type of instrument used to collect the data. In
addition, these methods advance together with the improvement of the technology
of the telescopes and detectors. Here, we present a compact overview of the
common procedures currently employed in this field. We describe the fundamental
data structure and the essential auxiliary information required for conducting
spectral analysis and we explore some of the most relevant aspects related to
statistical and computational challenges in X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, we
outline some practical scenarios in the context of data reduction, modeling and
fitting of spectra, and spectral simulations.
