  This is the second part of a two-part article on precision modeling of
identified-hadron (PID) $p_t$ spectra from 5 TeV $p$-Pb collisions. In Part I a
revised two-component (soft + hard) model (TCM) of PID spectra was introduced,
an apparent detection inefficiency for protons was corrected and jet-related
spectrum hard components isolated via an improved method were compared to a
fixed TCM serving as reference. In the present article (Part II) the TCM is
further elaborated to describe centrality variation of spectrum hard components
(and therefore entire spectra) within data statistical uncertainties as
determined by a standard statistical measure (Z-scores). The completed PID TCM
is then used to investigate properties of spectrum and yield ratios (e.g.
$p/\pi$ ratios) and ensemble-mean $\bar p_t$ data. Systematic differences are
observed between meson and baryon hard components. With increasing $p$-Pb
centrality meson hard components shift to lower $p_t$ while baryon hard
components shift to higher $p_t$. Those trends explain quantitatively the main
features and centrality variation of spectrum ratios. Ensemble-mean $\bar p_t$
trends are also predicted at the level of data statistical uncertainties, and
details of the $\bar p_t$ centrality trends are explained quantitatively.
