  We review progress in the study of antinuclei, starting from Dirac's equation
and the discovery of the positron in cosmic-ray events. The development of
proton accelerators led to the discovery of antiprotons, followed by the first
antideuterons, demonstrating that antinucleons bind into antinuclei. With the
development of heavy-ion programs at the Brookhaven AGS and CERN SPS, it was
demonstrated that central collisions of heavy nuclei offer a fertile ground for
research and discoveries in the area of antinuclei. In this review, we
emphasize recent observations at Brookhaven's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
and at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, namely, the antihypertriton and the
antihelium-4, as well as measurements of the mass difference between light
nuclei and antinuclei, and the interaction between antiprotons. Physics
implications of the new observations and different production mechanisms are
discussed. We also consider implications for related fields, such as
hypernuclear physics and space-based cosmic-ray experiments.
