  We report on the creation of homogeneous Fermi gases of ultracold atoms in a
uniform potential. In the momentum distribution of a spin-polarized gas, we
observe the emergence of the Fermi surface and the saturated occupation of one
particle per momentum state. This directly confirms Pauli blocking in momentum
space. For the spin-balanced unitary Fermi gas, we observe spatially uniform
pair condensates. For thermodynamic measurements, we introduce a hybrid
potential that is harmonic in one dimension and uniform in the other two. The
spatially resolved compressibility reveals the superfluid transition in a
spin-balanced Fermi gas, saturation in a fully polarized Fermi gas, and strong
attraction in the polaronic regime of a partially polarized Fermi gas.
