  Quantum theory expresses the observable relations between physical properties
in terms of probabilities that depend on the specific context described by the
"state" of a system. However, the laws of physics that emerge at the
macroscopic level are fully deterministic. Here, it is shown that the relation
between quantum statistics and deterministic dynamics can be explained in terms
of ergodic averages over complex valued probabilities, where the fundamental
causality of motion is expressed by an action that appears as the phase of the
complex probability multiplied with the fundamental constant hbar. Importantly,
classical physics emerges as an approximation of this more fundamental theory
of motion, indicating that the assumption of a classical reality described by
differential geometry is merely an artefact of an extrapolation from the
observation of macroscopic dynamics to a fictitious level of precision that
does not exist within our actual experience of the world around us. It is
therefore possible to completely replace the classical concepts of trajectories
with the more fundamental concept of action phase probabilities as a
universally valid description of the deterministic causality of motion that is
observed in the physical world.
