  Knowledge Graphs (KGs) play a pivotal role in advancing various AI
applications, with the semantic web community's exploration into multi-modal
dimensions unlocking new avenues for innovation. In this survey, we carefully
review over 300 articles, focusing on KG-aware research in two principal
aspects: KG-driven Multi-Modal (KG4MM) learning, where KGs support multi-modal
tasks, and Multi-Modal Knowledge Graph (MM4KG), which extends KG studies into
the MMKG realm. We begin by defining KGs and MMKGs, then explore their
construction progress. Our review includes two primary task categories:
KG-aware multi-modal learning tasks, such as Image Classification and Visual
Question Answering, and intrinsic MMKG tasks like Multi-modal Knowledge Graph
Completion and Entity Alignment, highlighting specific research trajectories.
For most of these tasks, we provide definitions, evaluation benchmarks, and
additionally outline essential insights for conducting relevant research.
Finally, we discuss current challenges and identify emerging trends, such as
progress in Large Language Modeling and Multi-modal Pre-training strategies.
This survey aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers already
involved in or considering delving into KG and multi-modal learning research,
offering insights into the evolving landscape of MMKG research and supporting
future work.
