  In this paper we will introduce the tracial Rokhlin property for an inclusion
of separable simple unital C*-algebras $P \subset A$ with finite index in the
sense of Watatani, and prove theorems of the following type. Suppose that $A$
belongs to a class of C*-algebras characterized by some structural property,
such as tracial rank zero in the sense of Lin. Then $P$ belongs to the same
class. The classes we consider include:(1) Simple C*-algebras with real rank
zero or stable rank one, (2) Simple C*-algebras with tracial rank zero or
tracial rank less than or equal to one, (3) Simple C*-algebras with the
Jiang-Su algebra $\mathcal{Z}$ absorption, (4) Simple C*-algebras for which the
order on projections is determined by traces, (5) Simple C*-algebras with the
strict comparison property for the Cuntz semigroup. The conditions (3) and (5)
are important properties related to Toms and Winter's conjecture, that is, the
properties of strict comparison, finite nuclear dimension, and Z-absorption are
equivalent for separable simple infinite-dimensional nuclear unital
C*-algebras. We show that an action $\alpha$ from a finite group $G$ on a
simple unital C*-algebra $A$ has the tracial Rokhlin property in the sense of
Phillips if and only if the canonical conditional expectation $E\colon A
\rightarrow A^G$ has the tracial Rokhlin property for an inclusion $A^G \subset
A$.
