  Previous studies have aimed at creating a simple hardware implementation of
surface friction display. In this study, we propose a new method for presenting
static frictional sensation using the pseudo-haptic effect as a first attempt,
which is the simplest implementation of presenting static friction sensation.
We focus on the stick-slip phenomenon while users explore surfaces with an
input device, such as a stylus. During the stick phase, we present users with
pseudo-haptic feedback that represents static friction on the surface. In our
method, users watch a virtual contact point become stuck at the contact point
on screen while users freely move the input device. We hypothesize that the
perceived probability and intensity of static friction sensation can be
controlled by changing the static friction coefficient as a visual parameter.
User studies were conducted, and results show the threshold value over which
users felt the pseudo-haptic static friction sensation at 90% probability. The
results also show that the perceived intensity of the sensation changed with
respect to the static friction coefficient. The maximum intensity change was
23%. These results confirm the hypothesis and show that our method is a
promising option for presenting static friction sensation.
