  This work presents and releases a catalog of new photometrically-derived
physical properties for the $\sim 10^5$ most well-measured galaxies in the
COSMOS field on the sky. Using a recently developed technique, spectral energy
distributions are modeled assuming a stellar initial mass function (IMF) that
depends on the temperature of gas in star-forming regions. The method is
applied to the largest current sample of high-quality panchromatic photometry,
the COSMOS2020 catalog, that allows for testing this assumption. It is found
that the galaxies exhibit a continuum of IMF, and gas temperatures, most of
which are bottom-lighter than measured in the Milky Way. As a consequence, the
stellar masses and star formation rates of most galaxies here are found to be
lower than those measured by traditional techniques in the COSMOS2020 catalog
by factors of $\sim 1.6-3.5$ and $2.5-70.0$, respectively, with the change
being the strongest for the most active galaxies. The resulting physical
properties provide new insights into variation of the IMF-derived gas
temperature along the star-forming main sequence and at quiescence, produce a
sharp and coherent picture of downsizing, as seen from the stellar mass
functions, and hint at a possible high-temperature and high-density stage of
early galactic evolution.
