  Developed by OpenAI, ChatGPT (Conditional Generative Pre-trained Transformer)
is an artificial intelligence technology that is fine-tuned using supervised
machine learning and reinforcement learning techniques, allowing a computer to
generate natural language conversation fully autonomously. ChatGPT is built on
the transformer architecture and trained on millions of conversations from
various sources. The system combines the power of pre-trained deep learning
models with a programmability layer to provide a strong base for generating
natural language conversations. In this study, after reviewing the existing
literature, we examine the applications, opportunities, and threats of ChatGPT
in 10 main domains, providing detailed examples for the business and industry
as well as education. We also conducted an experimental study, checking the
effectiveness and comparing the performances of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, and found
that the latter performs significantly better. Despite its exceptional ability
to generate natural-sounding responses, the authors believe that ChatGPT does
not possess the same level of understanding, empathy, and creativity as a human
and cannot fully replace them in most situations.
