  Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of
fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as
generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the
union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid
states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar
ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is
characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction
precesses about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is
such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type
is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to
the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the SmC_P^H and SmAAF
phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric
nematic (NF) and SmC_P^Hphases via binary mixture formulation of the novel
materials described here with a standard NF compound (DIO), with the resultant
materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are
significantly below ambient temperature.
