  Dynamic hysteresis effects have been long known to occur in the J-V
characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with the ionic migration
being identified as the primary factor. The hysteretic effects impacted early
studies by the uncertainty in the evaluation of the power conversion
efficiency, while currently, potential links to degradation mechanisms are in
the focus. Therefore, understanding ion migration is a central goal, typically
addressed by performing a combined large- and small signal analysis. The
reported large capacitive and inductive effects created controversies with
respect to the underlying mechanisms, yielding essentially two classes of
models, one based on large accumulation capacitances and the other based on
ionic modulation of the collected current. We introduce here an equivalent
circuit model and interpret these phenomena in terms of recombination current
modulation, identifying the distinct contributions from ion current and ionic
charge accumulations. These contributions to the recombination current are
associated with capacitive and inductive effects, respectively, and we
corroborate the numerical simulations with electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. These show the role of the recombination
currents of photogenerated carriers in producing both capacitive and inductive
effects as the illumination is varied. Moreover, we provide a bridging point
between the two classes of models and suggest a framework of investigation of
defect states based on the observed inductive behavior, which would further aid
the mitigation of the degradation effects.
