  HI self absorption (HISA) clouds are clumps of cold neutral hydrogen (HI)
visible in front of warm background gas, which makes them ideal places to study
the properties of the cold atomic component of the interstellar medium (ISM).
The Riegel-Crutcher (R-C) cloud is the most striking HISA feature in the
Galaxy. It is one of the closest HISA clouds to us and is located in the
direction of the Galactic Centre, which provides a bright background.
High-resolution interferometric measurements have revealed the filamentary
structure of this cloud, however it is difficult to accurately determine the
temperature and the density of the gas without optical depth measurements. In
this paper we present new HI absorption observations with the Australia
Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) against 46 continuum sources behind the
Riegel-Crutcher cloud to directly measure the optical depth of the cloud. We
decompose the complex HI absorption spectra into Gaussian components using an
automated machine learning algorithm. We find 300 Gaussian components, from
which 67 are associated with the R-C cloud (0 < v_{LSR} < 10 kms, FWHM < 10
kms). Combining the new HI absorption data with HI emission data from previous
surveys we calculate the spin temperature and find it to be between 20 and 80
K. Our measurements uncover a temperature gradient across the cloud with spin
temperatures decreasing towards positive Galactic latitudes. We also find three
new OH absorption lines associated with the cloud, which support the presence
of molecular gas.
