  When boiling occurs in a liquid flow field, the phenomenon is known as
forced-convection boiling. We numerically investigate such a boiling system on
a cylinder in a flow at a saturated condition. To deal with the complicated
liquid-vapor phase-change phenomenon, we develop a numerical scheme based on
the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The collision stage is
performed in the space of central moments (CMs) to enhance numerical stability
for high Reynolds numbers. The adopted forcing scheme, consistent with the
CMs-based LBM, leads to a concise yet robust algorithm. Furthermore, additional
terms required to ensure thermodynamic consistency are derived in a CMs
framework. The effectiveness of the present scheme is successfully tested
against a series of boiling processes, including nucleation, growth, and
departure of a vapor bubble for Reynolds numbers varying between 30 and 30000.
Our CMs-based LBM can reproduce all the boiling regimes, i.e., nucleate
boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling, without any artificial input
such as initial vapor phase. We find that the typical boiling curve, also known
as the Nukiyama curve, appears even though the focused system is not the pool
boiling but the forced-convection system. Also, our simulations support
experimental observations of intermittent direct solid-liquid contact even in
the film-boiling regime. Finally, we provide quantitative comparison with the
semi-empirical correlations for the forced-convection film boiling on a
cylinder on the Nu-Ja diagram.
