  Human space exploration beyond low Earth orbit will involve missions of
significant distance and duration. To effectively mitigate myriad space health
hazards, paradigm shifts in data and space health systems are necessary to
enable Earth-independence, rather than Earth-reliance. Promising developments
in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning for biology and
health can address these needs. We propose an appropriately autonomous and
intelligent Precision Space Health system that will monitor, aggregate, and
assess biomedical statuses; analyze and predict personalized adverse health
outcomes; adapt and respond to newly accumulated data; and provide preventive,
actionable, and timely insights to individual deep space crew members and
iterative decision support to their crew medical officer. Here we present a
summary of recommendations from a workshop organized by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, on future applications of artificial
intelligence in space biology and health. In the next decade, biomonitoring
technology, biomarker science, spacecraft hardware, intelligent software, and
streamlined data management must mature and be woven together into a Precision
Space Health system to enable humanity to thrive in deep space.
