  The rise of globalisation has led to a sharp increase in international trade,
with high volumes of containers, goods and items moving across the world.
Unfortunately, these trade pathways also facilitate the movement of unwanted
pests, weeds, diseases, and pathogens. Each item could contain biosecurity risk
material, but it is impractical to inspect every item. Instead, inspection
efforts typically focus on high risk items. However, low risk does not imply no
risk. It is crucial to monitor the low risk pathways to ensure that they are
and remain low risk. To do so, many approaches would seek to estimate the risk
to some precision, but the lower the risk, the more samples needed to estimate
the risk. On a low-risk pathway that can be afforded more limited inspection
resources, it makes more sense to assign fewer samples to the lower risk
activities. We approach the problem by introducing two thresholds. Our method
focuses on letting us know whether the risk is below certain thresholds, rather
than estimating the risk precisely. This method also allows us to detect a
significant change in risk. Our approach typically requires less sampling than
previous methods, while still providing evidence to regulators to help them
efficiently and effectively allocate inspection effort.
