  The American Multimodal Energy System (AMES) is a system-of-systems comprised
of four separate but interdependent infrastructure systems: the electric grid,
the natural gas system, the oil system, and the coal system. Their
interdependence creates the need to better understand the underlying
architecture in order to pursue a more sustainable, resilient and accessible
energy system. Collectively, these requirements necessitate a sustainable
energy transition that constitute a change in the AMES instantiated
architecture; although it leaves its reference architecture largely unchanged.
Consequently, from a model-based systems engineering perspective, identifying
the underlying reference architecture becomes a high priority. This paper
defines a reference architecture for the AMES and its four component energy
infrastructures in a single SysML model. The architecture includes (allocated)
block definition and activity diagrams for each infrastructure. The reference
architecture was developed from the S&P Global Platts (GIS) Map Data Pro data
set and the EIA Annual Energy Outlook dataset. This reference architecture
serves as the foundation from which to accurately and consistently create
mathematical model of the AMES.
