  Tanker water systems play critical role in providing adequate service to meet
potable water demands in the face of acute water crisis in many cities
globally. Managing tanker movements among the supply and demand sides requires
an efficient scheduling framework that could promote economic feasibility,
ensure timely delivery, and avoid water wastage. However, to realize such a
sustainable water supply operation, inherent uncertainties related to consumer
demand and tanker travel time need to accounted in the operational scheduling.
Herein, a two-stage stochastic optimization model with a recourse approach is
developed for scheduling and optimization of tanker based water supply and
treatment facility operations under uncertainty. The uncertain water demands
and tanker travel times are combinedly modelled in a computationally efficient
manner using a hybrid Monte Carlo simulation and scenario tree approach. The
maximum demand fulfillment, limited extraction of groundwater, and timely
delivery of quality water are enforced through a set of constraints to achieve
sustainable operation. A representative urban case study is demonstrated,
results are discussed for two uncertainty cases (i) only demand, and (ii)
integrated demand-travel time. Value of stochastic solution over expected value
and perfect information model solutions are analyzed and features of the
framework for informed decision-making are discussed.
