  We provide the first characterization of the nonlinear and time dependent
rheologic response of viscoelastic bottom-up holographic models. More
precisely, we perform oscillatory shear tests in holographic massive gravity
theories with finite elastic response, focusing on the large amplitude
oscillatory shear (LAOS) regime. The characterization of these systems is done
using several techniques: (I) the Lissajous figures, (II) the Fourier analysis
of the stress signal, (III) the Pipkin diagram and (IV) the dependence of the
storage and loss moduli on the amplitude of the applied strain. We find
substantial evidence for a strong strain stiffening mechanism, typical of
hyper-elastic materials such as rubbers and complex polymers. This indicates
that the holographic models considered are not a good description for rigid
metals, where strain stiffening is not commonly observed. Additionally, a
crossover between a viscoelastic liquid regime at small graviton mass (compared
to the temperature scale), and a viscoelastic solid regime at large values is
observed. Finally, we discuss the relevance of our results for soft matter and
for the understanding of the widely used homogeneous holographic models with
broken translations.
