  Hard and soft QCD dynamics are both important in charmonium hadroproduction,
as presented here through a next-to-leading order QCD matrix element
calculation combined with the colour evaporation model. Observed $x_F$ and
$p_\perp$ distributions of $J/\psi$ in hadroproduction are reproduced. Quite
similar results can also be obtained with a Monte Carlo event generator where
\ccbar pairs are instead produced through leading order matrix elements and the
parton shower approximation of higher order processes. The soft dynamics may
alternatively be described by the soft colour interaction model. We also
discuss the relative rates of different charmonium states and introduce an
improved model for mapping the continuous ccbar mass spectrum on the physical
charmonium resonances.
