  This paper investigates the problem of bidirectional energy exchange between
electric vehicles (EVs) and road lanes embedded with wireless power transfer
technologies called wireless charging-discharging lanes (WCDLs). As such, EVs
could provide better services to the grid, especially for balancing the
supply-demand, while bringing convenience for EV users, because no cables and
EV stops are needed. To enable this EV--WCDL energy exchange, a novel
decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) trading mechanism is proposed, in which EVs
directly negotiate with a WCDL to reach consensus on the energy price and
amounts to be traded. Those energy price and amounts are solutions of an
optimization problem aiming at optimizing private cost functions of EVs and
WCDL. The negotiation process between EVs and WCDL is secured by a
privacy-preserving consensus mechanism. Further, to assure successful trading
with desired energy price and amounts, an analytical and systematic method is
proposed to select cost function parameters by EVs and WCDL in a fully
decentralized manner. Simulations are then carried out to validate developed
theoretical results, which confirm the effectiveness and scalability of the
proposed algorithm.
