  Nucleon electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities related to
the charge and magnetization distributions inside the nucleon. Understanding
the nucleon electromagnetic structure in terms of the underlying quark and
gluon degrees of freedom of quantum chromodynamics is a challenging and urgent
task. The nucleon electromagnetic form factors have been studied in the past
extensively from unpolarized electron scattering experiments. With the
development in polarized beam, recoil polarimetry, and polarized target
technologies, polarization experiments have provided more precise data on these
quantities. At the same time, significant theoretical progress in areas ranging
from effective field theories to lattice QCD calculations, has been made in
describing these data. In this article, we review recent experimental and
theoretical progress on this subject. we also provide future outlook on this
topic.
