  In light of the recent measurement of the nonzero Cosmic Microwave Background
(CMB) polarization rotation angle from the Planck 2018 data, we explore the
possibility that such a cosmic birefringence effect is induced by coupling a
fermionic current with photons via a Chern-Simons-like term. We begin our
discussion by rederiving the general formulae of the cosmic birefringence angle
with correcting a mistake in the previous study. We then identify the fermions
in the current as the left-handed electron neutrinos and asymmetric dark matter
(ADM) particles, since the rotation angle is sourced by the number density
difference between particles and antiparticles. For the electron neutrino case,
with the value of the degeneracy parameter $\xi_{\nu_e}$ recently measured by
the EMPRESS survey, we find a large parameter space which can explain the CMB
photon polarization rotations. On the other hand, for the ADM solution, we
consider two benchmark cases with $M_\chi = 5$~GeV and 5~keV. The former is the
natural value of the ADM mass if the observed ADM and baryon asymmetry in the
Universe are produced by the same mechanism, while the latter provides a warm
DM candidate. In addition, we explore the experimental constraints from the CMB
power spectra and the DM direct detections.
