  As more and more distributed renewable energy resources are integrated to the
grid, the traditional consumers have become the prosumers who can sell back
their surplus energy to the others who are in energy shortage. This
peer-to-peer (P2P) energy transaction framework benefits the end users,
financially and in term of energy security; and the network operators, in term
of flexibility in DRES management, peak load shifting and regulation of
voltage/frequency. Environmentally, P2P energy transaction also helps to reduce
carbon footprint, reduces DRES payback period and incentivizes the installation
of DRES. The current centralized market model is no longer suitable and it is
therefore necessary to develop an adapted decentralized architecture for the
advanced P2P energy transaction framework intra/inter-microgrid. In this paper,
we discuss several distributed ledger approaches for such framework:
Blockchain, Block Lattice and Directed Acyclic Graph (the Tangle). The
technical advantages of these architectures as well as the persistent
challenges are then considered.
