  This paper provides the first systematic philosophical analysis of an
increasingly important part of modern scientific practice: analogue quantum
simulation. We introduce the distinction between `simulation' and `emulation'
as applied in the context of two case studies. Based upon this distinction, and
building upon ideas from the recent philosophical literature on scientific
understanding, we provide a normative framework to isolate and support the
goals of scientists undertaking analogue quantum simulation and emulation. We
expect our framework to be useful to both working scientists and philosophers
of science interested in cutting-edge scientific practice.
