  In the operation of the integrated energy system (IES), considering further
reducing carbon emissions, improving its energy utilization rate, and
optimizing and improving the overall operation of IES, an optimal dispatching
strategy of integrated energy system considering demand response under the
stepped carbon trading mechanism is proposed. Firstly, from the perspective of
demand response (DR), considering the synergistic complementarity and flexible
conversion ability of multiple energy sources, the lateral time-shifting and
vertical complementary alternative strategies of electricity-gas-heat are
introduced and the DR model is constructed. Secondly, from the perspective of
life cycle assessment, the initial quota model of carbon emission allowances is
elaborated and revised. Then introduce a tiered carbon trading mechanism, which
has a certain degree of constraint on the carbon emissions of IES. Finally, the
sum of energy purchase cost, carbon emission transaction cost, equipment
maintenance cost and demand response cost is minimized, and a low-carbon
optimal scheduling model is constructed under the consideration of safety
constraints. This model transforms the original problem into a mixed integer
linear problem using Matlab software, and optimizes the model using the CPLEX
solver. The example results show that considering the carbon trading cost and
demand response under the tiered carbon trading mechanism, the total operating
cost of IES is reduced by 5.69% and the carbon emission is reduced by 17.06%,
which significantly improves the reliability, economy and low carbon
performance of IES.
