  Atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics has been at the forefront of the
development of quantum science while laying the foundation for modern
technology. With the growing capabilities of quantum control of many atoms for
engineered many-body states and quantum entanglement, a key question emerges:
what critical impact will the second quantum revolution with ubiquitous
applications of entanglement bring to bear on fundamental physics?
  In this Essay, we argue that a compelling long-term vision for fundamental
physics and novel applications is to harness the rapid development of quantum
information science to define and advance the frontiers of measurement physics,
with strong potential for fundamental discoveries.
  As quantum technologies, such as fault-tolerant quantum computing and
entangled quantum sensor networks, become much more advanced than today's
realization, we wonder what doors of basic science can these tools unlock? We
anticipate that some of the most intriguing and challenging problems, such as
quantum aspects of gravity, fundamental symmetries, or new physics beyond the
minimal standard model, will be tackled at the emerging quantum measurement
frontier.
