  A two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator exhibits one-dimensional
gapless spin-filtered edge channels allowing for dissipationless transport of
charge and spin. However, the sophisticated fabrication requirement of
two-dimensional materials and the low capacity of one-dimensional channels
hinder the broadening applications. We introduce a method to manipulate a
three-dimensional topological material to host a large number of
one-dimensional topological edge channels utilizing surface anisotropy. Taking
ZrTe5 as a model system, we realize a highly anisotropic surface due to the
synergistic effect of the lattice geometry and Coulomb interaction, and achieve
massive one-dimensional topological edge channels -- confirmed by electronic
characterization using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, in
combination with first-principles calculations. Our work provides a new avenue
to engineer the topological properties of three-dimensional materials through
nanoscale tunning of surface morphology and opens up a promising prospect for
the development of low-power-consumption electronic nano devices based on
one-dimensional topological edge channels.
