  Drying complex fluids is a common phenomenon where a liquid phase transforms
into a dense or porous solid. This transformation involves several physical
processes, such as the diffusion of liquid molecules into the surrounding
atmosphere and the movement of dispersed phases through evaporation-driven
flow. As a result, the solute forming a dried deposit exhibits unique patterns
and often displays structural defects like desiccation cracks, buckling, or
wrinkling. Various drying configurations have been utilized to study the drying
of colloids, the process of their consolidation, and fluid-flow dynamics. This
review focuses on the drying of colloids and the related phenomena,
specifically the drying-induced effects observed during sessile drop drying. We
first present a theoretical overview of the physics of drying pure and binary
liquid droplets, followed by drying colloidal droplets. Then, we explain the
phenomena of pattern formation and desiccation cracks. Additionally, the
article briefly describes the impact of evaporation-driven flows on the
accumulation of particles and various physical parameters that influence
deposit patterns and cracks.
