  Despite recent advances of AI research in many application-specific domains,
we do not know how to build a human-level artificial intelligence (HLAI). We
conjecture that learning from others' experience with the language is the
essential characteristic that distinguishes human intelligence from the rest.
Humans can update the action-value function with the verbal description as if
they experience states, actions, and corresponding rewards sequences firsthand.
In this paper, we present a classification of intelligence according to how
individual agents learn and propose a definition and a test for HLAI. The main
idea is that language acquisition without explicit rewards can be a sufficient
test for HLAI.
