  Grandparents were anticipated to participated in grand-rearing. The COVID-19
pandemic had detached grandparents from rearing grandchildren. The research
questions of this study were as follows: How does the change in family
relations impact the well-being (SWB) of grandparents and parents? We examined
how family structure influenced subjective SWB before and after COVID-19. We
focused on the effects of children, grandchildren, and their gender on
grandparents and parents. We found that compared with the happiness level
before COVID-19, (1) granddaughters increased their grandmothers SWB after
COVID-19, (2) both daughters and sons reduced their fathers SWB after COVID-19,
whereas neither daughters nor sons changed their mothers SWB, and (3) the
negative effect of sons reduced substantially if their fathers had younger
brothers. Learning from interactions with younger brothers in childhood,
fathers could avoid the deterioration of relationships with their sons, even
when unexpected events possibly changed the lifestyle of the family and their
relationship.
