  An integrated hybrid thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic
Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is shown at near-infrared wavelengths. The design
uses TFLN bonded to planarized silicon nitride waveguide circuits, and does not
require etching or patterning of TFLN. The push-pull MZM achieves a half-wave
voltage length product ($V_\pi L$) of 0.8 V$.$cm at 784 nm. MZM devices with
0.4 cm and 0.8 cm modulation length show a broadband electro-optic response
with a 3 dB bandwidth beyond 100 GHz, with the latter showing a bandwidth to
half-wave voltage ratio of 100 GHz/V.
