  Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, operating within the widely used 2.4
GHz ISM band, stands as a cornerstone in modern wireless communication
frameworks alongside its classic Bluetooth counterpart. This paper delves into
the foundational aspects of BLE, excluding niche components, to explore its
core functionalities and pivotal role in diverse connectivity needs. BLE's
specialization in catering to low-power devices ensures optimal energy
utilization, making it indispensable in IoT applications where energy
efficiency is paramount. Its versatility finds applications across consumer
electronics, industrial automation, and healthcare, ensuring reliability and
efficiency in safety-critical systems and enhancing user convenience through
remote control capabilities. However, the wireless nature of BLE interfaces
exposes them to cybersecurity threats, necessitating robust security measures
for mitigating risks such as sniffing, DoS attacks, and message injection.
Continuous research and development efforts are essential to stay ahead of
emerging threats and safeguard BLE-enabled systems and data.
