  This article is concerned with setting up practical guardrails within the
research activities and environments of CSS. It aims to provide CSS scholars,
as well as policymakers and other stakeholders who apply CSS methods, with the
critical and constructive means needed to ensure that their practices are
ethical, trustworthy, and responsible. It begins by providing a taxonomy of the
ethical challenges faced by researchers in the field of CSS. These are
challenges related to (1) the treatment of research subjects, (2) the impacts
of CSS research on affected individuals and communities, (3) the quality of CSS
research and to its epistemological status, (4) research integrity, and (5)
research equity. Taking these challenges as a motivation for cultural
transformation, it then argues for the end-to-end incorporation of habits of
responsible research and innovation (RRI) into CSS practices, focusing on the
role that contextual considerations, anticipatory reflection, impact
assessment, public engagement, and justifiable and well-documented action
should play across the research lifecycle. In proposing the inclusion of habits
of RRI in CSS practices, the chapter lays out several practical steps needed
for ethical, trustworthy, and responsible CSS research activities. These
include stakeholder engagement processes, research impact assessments, data
lifecycle documentation, bias self-assessments, and transparent research
reporting protocols.
