  Anion and cation emission following water dissociation was studied for
6.6-keV $^{16}$O$^{+}$ + H$_{2}$O collisions. Absolute cross sections for the
emission of all positively and negatively charged fragments, differential in
both energy and observation angle, were measured. The fragments formed in hard,
binary collisions appearing in peaks were distinguishable from those created in
soft collisions with many-body dynamics that result in a broad energy spectrum.
A striking feature is that anions and cations are emitted with similar energy
and angular distributions, with a nearly constant ratio of about 1:100 for
H$^{-}$ to H$^{+}$. Model calculations were performed at different levels of
complexity. Four-body scattering simulations reproduce the measured fragment
distributions if adequate kinetic-energy release of the target is taken into
account. Providing even further insight into the underlying processes,
predictions of a thermodynamic model indicate that transfer ionization at small
impact parameters is the dominant mechanism for H$^{+}$ creation. The present
findings confirm our earlier observation that in molecular fragmentation
induced by slow, singly charged ions, the charge states of the emitted hydrogen
fragments follow a simple statistical distribution independent of the way they
are formed.
