  Provenance, which traces data from its creation to manipulation, is crucial
for ensuring data integrity, reliability, and trustworthiness. It is valuable
for single-user applications, collaboration within organizations, and across
organizations. Blockchain technology has become a popular choice for
implementing provenance due to its distributed, transparent, and immutable
nature. Numerous studies on blockchain designs are specifically dedicated to
provenance, and specialize in this area. Our goal is to provide a new
perspective in blockchain based provenance field by identifying the challenges
faced and suggesting future research directions. In this paper, we categorize
the problem statement into three main research questions to investigate key
issues comprehensively and propose a new outlook on the use of blockchains. The
first focuses on challenges in non-collaborative, single-source environments,
the second examines implications in collaborative environments and different
domains such as supply chain, scientific collaboration and digital forensic,
and the last one analyzes communication and data exchange challenges between
organizations using different blockchains. The interconnected nature of these
research questions ensures a thorough exploration of provenance requirements,
leading to more effective and secure systems. After analyzing the requirements
of provenance in different environments, we provide future design
considerations for provenance-based blockchains, including blockchain type,
query mechanisms, provenance capture methods, and domain-specific
considerations. We also discuss future work and possible extensions in this
field.
