  The success of a web application is closely linked to its performance, which
positively impacts user satisfaction and contributes to energy-saving efforts.
Among the various optimization techniques, one specific subject focuses on
improving the utilization of web fonts. This study investigates the impact of
different font formats on client-side resource consumption, such as CPU,
memory, load time, and energy. In a controlled experiment, we evaluate
performance metrics using the four font formats: OTF, TTF, WOFF, and WOFF2. The
results of the study show that there are significant differences between all
pair-wise format comparisons regarding all performance metrics. Overall, WOFF2
performs best, except in terms of memory allocation. Through the study and
examination of literature, this research contributes (1) an overview of
methodologies to enhance web performance through font utilization, (2) a
specific exploration of the four prevalent font formats in an experimental
setup, and (3) practical recommendations for scientific professionals and
practitioners.
