  We propose a new intuitive metric for evaluating the tension between two
experiments, and apply it to several data sets. While our metric is
non-optimal, if evidence of tension is detected, this evidence is robust and
easy to interpret. Assuming a flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, we find
that there is a modest $2.2\sigma$ tension between the DES Year 1 results and
the ${\it Planck}$ measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This
tension is driven by the difference between the amount of structure observed in
the late-time Universe and that predicted from fitting the ${\it Planck}$ data,
and appears to be unrelated to the tension between ${\it Planck}$ and local
esitmates of the Hubble rate. In particular, combining DES, Baryon Acoustic
Oscillations (BAO), Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), and supernovae (SNe)
measurements recovers a Hubble constant and sound horizon consistent with ${\it
Planck}$, and in tension with local distance-ladder measurements. If the
tension between these various data sets persists, it is likely that reconciling
${\it all}$ current data will require breaking the flat $\Lambda$CDM model in
at least two different ways: one involving new physics in the early Universe,
and one involving new late-time Universe physics.
