  Cosmological billiards arise as a map of the solution of the Einstein
equations, when the most general symmetry for the metric tensor is
hypothesized, and points are considered as spatially decoupled in the
asymptotic limit towards the cosmological singularity, according to the BKL
(Belinski Khalatnikov Lifshitz) paradigm. In $4=3+1$ dimensions, two kinds of
cosmological billiards are considered: the so-called 'big billiard' which
accounts for pure gravity, and the 'small billiard', which is a
symmetry-reduced version of the previous one, and is obtained when the
'symmetry walls' are considered. The solution of Einstein field equations is
this way mapped to the (discrete) Poincar\'e map of a billiard ball on the
sides of a triangular billiard table, in the Upper Poincar\'e Half Plane
(UPHP). The billiard modular group is the scheme within which the dynamics of
classical chaotic systems on surfaces of constant negative curvature is
analyzed. The periodic orbits of the two kinds of billiards are classified,
according to the different symmetry-quotienting mechanisms. The differences
with the description implied by the billiard modular group are investigated and
outlined. In the quantum regime, the eigenvalues (i.e. the sign that
wavefunctions acquire according to quantum BKL maps) for periodic phenomena of
the BKL maps on the Maass wavefunctions are classified. The complete spectrum
of the semiclassical operators which act as BKL map for periodic orbits is
obtained. Differently form the case of the modular group, here it is shown that
the semiclassical transfer operator for Cosmological Billiards is not only the
adjoint operator of the one acting on the Maass waveforms, but that the two
operators are the same \it{self-adjoint} operator, thus outlining a different
approach to the Langlands Jaquet correspondence.
