  The domain name system (DNS) is one of the most important components of
today's Internet, and is the standard naming convention between human-readable
domain names and machine-routable IP addresses of Internet resources. However,
due to the vulnerability of DNS to various threats, its security and
functionality have been continuously challenged over the course of time.
Although, researchers have addressed various aspects of the DNS in the
literature, there are still many challenges yet to be addressed. In order to
comprehensively understand the root causes of the vulnerabilities of DNS, it is
mandatory to review the various activities in the research community on DNS
landscape. To this end, this paper surveys more than 170 peer-reviewed papers,
which are published in both top conferences and journals in the last ten years,
and summarizes vulnerabilities in DNS and corresponding countermeasures. This
paper not only focuses on the DNS threat landscape and existing challenges, but
also discusses the utilized data analysis methods, which are frequently used to
address DNS threat vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we looked into the DNSthreat
landscape from the viewpoint of the involved entities in the DNS infrastructure
in an attempt to point out more vulnerable entities in the system.
