  The global transportation industry has become one of the main contributors to
air pollution. Consequently, electric buses and green transportation are
gaining popularity as crucial steps to reduce emission concerns. Many developed
countries have already adopted the concept of Battery Electric Buses (BEBs),
while the developing ones are just starting with it. However, BEB fleets have
advantages, such as lower fuel, higher efficiency, lower maintenance, and
energy security. Yet, several obstacles must be overcome to support the mass
deployment of BEBs. These incorporate forthright expense charges, arranging
loads, BEB reach, and newness to BEB innovation. Stakeholders like
policymakers, private company owners, and government leaders have a lot to
consider before introducing BEBs at any level in Pakistan. As a result, to
operate an electric bus system profitably, it is crucial to develop a proper
electric bus network and fleet, especially for bus operators who need to buy
enough electric buses at the appropriate time. As a result, this paper aims to
investigate if operating an electric bus could be an alternative to regular bus
operations. The proposed methodology develops modeling software to cater to
various scenarios to determine a proper-designed electric bus operating system
in terms of the electric bus route, service frequency, and quantity. This
research work simulates and financially analyses an operating Public Transport
Infrastructure with a proposed Green Solution. The results show that regardless
of the high upfront costs of BEB infrastructure, it becomes profitable in 6-7
years, resulting in a decreased Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of approximately
30% of its counterpart. The study also provides a clear policy pathway to help
stakeholders make informed decisions related to the electrification of public
transport in Pakistan.
