  It is well-known that speakers who entrain to one another have more
successful conversations than those who do not. Previous research has shown
that interlocutors entrain on linguistic features in both written and spoken
monolingual domains. More recent work on code-switched communication has also
shown preliminary evidence of entrainment on certain aspects of code-switching
(CSW). However, such studies of entrainment in code-switched domains have been
extremely few and restricted to human-machine textual interactions. Our work
studies code-switched spontaneous speech between humans, finding that (1)
patterns of written and spoken entrainment in monolingual settings largely
generalize to code-switched settings, and (2) some patterns of entrainment on
code-switching in dialogue agent-generated text generalize to spontaneous
code-switched speech. Our findings give rise to important implications for the
potentially "universal" nature of entrainment as a communication phenomenon,
and potential applications in inclusive and interactive speech technology.
