  Networks are composed of logical nodes and edges for communications. The
atomistic component of things connected to the network is a memory chip.
Accordingly, the unique linkage of a memory chip and a logical node can be
promising to resolve the root-of-trust problem on the Internet-of-Things. For
this aim, we propose a protocol of challenge-response using a memory chip. For
the central management, a central node controls the entry of electronic
appliances with a memory chip into the network, and excludes a fake node (e.g.,
the spoofing entity) from the network that the central node manages. For the
decentralized communications, Merkle's tree turns out to be composed of memory
chips to which the logical nodes are uniquely linked, respectively. The root of
Merkle turns out to be the memory chip that stores the latest record of data
transactions. We can register this memory chip as a new block by satisfying the
requirement of the proof-of-consensus. After blocks are chained, it gets harder
for even the central node to manipulate transaction record among memory chips.
By this way, the decentralized system (e.g., blockchain) and the central
management can coexist. A new idea of security state is also discussed briefly.
