  Using polarization measurements in remote sensing and optical studies allows
retrieving more information. We consider relationship between the reflection
coefficients of plane and rough surfaces for linearly polarized waves. Certain
polarization properties of reflected waves and polarization invariants, in
particular at incident angle of forty five degrees, allow finding amplitude and
phase characteristics of reflected waves. Based on this study, we introduce
methods for finding dielectric permittivity, temperature and geometrical
characteristics of observed surfaces. Experimental results prove that these
methods can be used for different practical purposes in technological and
remote sensing applications, in a broad range of electromagnetic spectrum.
