  The space charge forces are those generated directly by the charge
distribution, with the inclusion of the image charges and currents due to the
interaction of the beam with a perfectly conducting smooth pipe. Space charge
forces are responsible for several unwanted phenomena related to beam dynamics,
such as energy loss, shift of the synchronous phase and frequency, shift of the
betatron frequencies, and instabilities. We will discuss in this lecture the
main feature of space charge effects in high-energy storage rings as well as in
low-energy linacs and transport lines.
