  We develop a self-consistent Maxwell-Bloch formalism for the interaction of
X-rays with two-dimensional crystalline materials by incorporating the Bloch
theorem and Coulomb many-body interaction. This formalism is illustrated for
graphene, by calculating the polarization-dependent XANES, formulating
expressions for the radiative and Meinter-Auger recombination of core-holes,
and the discussion of microscopic insights into the spectral oscillations of
EXAFS beyond point scattering theory. In particular, the correct inclusion of
lattice periodicity in our evaluation allows us to assign so far uninterpreted
spectral features in the Fourier transformed EXAFS spectrum.
