  Scientometrics studies have extended from direct citations to high-order
citations, as simple citation count is found to tell only part of the story
regarding scientific impact. This extension is deemed to be beneficial in
scenarios like research evaluation, science history modeling, and information
retrieval. In contrast to citations of citations (forward citation
generations), references of references (backward citation generations) as
another side of high-order citations, is relatively less explored. We adopt a
series of metrics for measuring the unfolding of backward citations of a focal
paper, tracing back to its knowledge ancestors generation by generation. Two
sub-fields in Physics are subject to such analysis on a large-scale citation
network. Preliminary results show that (1) most papers in our dataset can be
traced to their knowledge ancestry; (2) the size distribution of backward
citation generations presents a decreasing-and-then-increasing shape; and (3)
citations more than one generation away are still relevant to the focal paper,
from either a forward or backward perspective; yet, backward citation
generations are higher in topic relevance to the paper of interest.
Furthermore, the backward citation generations shed lights for literature
recommendation, science evaluation, and sociology of science studies.
