  This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the social and
economic effects of solar mini-grids in rural African settings, specifically in
Kenya and Nigeria. A group of 2,658 household heads and business owners
connected to mini-grids over the last five years were interviewed both before
and one year after their connection. These interviews focused on changes in
gender equality, productivity, health, safety, and economic activity. The
results show notable improvements in all areas. Economic activities and
productivity increased significantly among the connected households and
businesses. The median income of rural Kenyan community members quadrupled.
Gender equality also improved, with women gaining more opportunities in
decision making and business. Health and safety enhancements were linked to
reduced use of hazardous energy sources like kerosene lamps. The introduction
of solar mini-grids not only transformed the energy landscape but also led to
broad socioeconomic benefits in these rural areas. The research highlights the
substantial impact of decentralized renewable energy on the social and economic
development of rural African communities. Its findings are crucial for
policymakers, development agencies, and stakeholders focused on promoting
sustainable energy and development in Africa.
