  We target the planning of a 5G cellular network under 5G service and
ElectroMagnetic Fields (EMFs) constraints. We initially model the problem with
a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. The pursued objective is
a weighed function of next-generation Node-B (gNB) installation costs and 5G
service coverage level from a massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
system. In addition, we precisely model restrictive EMF constraints and we
integrate scaling parameters to estimate the power radiated by 5G gNBs. Since
the considered planning problem is NP-Hard, and therefore very challenging to
be solved even for small problem instances, we design an efficient heuristic,
called PLATEA, to practically solve it. Results, obtained over a realistic
scenario that includes EMF exposure from pre-5G technologies (e.g., 2G, 3G,
4G), prove that the cellular planning selected by PLATEA ensures 5G service and
restrictive EMF constraints. However, we demonstrate that the results are
strongly affected by: i) the relative weight between gNB installation costs and
5G service coverage level, ii) the scaling parameters to estimate the exposure
generated by 5G gNBs, iii) the amount of exposure from pre-5G technologies and
iv) the adopted frequency reuse scheme.
