  We explain how to generalize Nekrasov's microscopic approach to N=2 gauge
theories to the N=1 case, focusing on the typical example of the U(N) theory
with one adjoint chiral multiplet X and an arbitrary polynomial tree-level
superpotential Tr W(X). We provide a detailed analysis of the generalized
glueball operators and a non-perturbative discussion of the Dijkgraaf-Vafa
matrix model and of the generalized Konishi anomaly equations. We compute in
particular the non-trivial quantum corrections to the Virasoro operators and
algebra that generate these equations. We have performed explicit calculations
up to two instantons, that involve the next-to-leading order corrections in
Nekrasov's Omega-background.
