  We analyze the surface energy and boundary layers for a chain of atoms at low
temperature for an interaction potential of Lennard-Jones type. The pressure
(stress) is assumed small but positive and bounded away from zero, while the
temperature $\beta^{-1}$ goes to zero. Our main results are: (1) As $\beta \to
\infty$ at fixed positive pressure $p>0$, the Gibbs measures $\mu_\beta$ and
$\nu_\beta$ for infinite chains and semi-infinite chains satisfy path large
deviations principles. The rate functions are bulk and surface energy
functionals $\overline{\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{bulk}}$ and
$\overline{\mathcal{E}}_\mathrm{surf}$. The minimizer of the surface functional
corresponds to zero temperature boundary layers. (2) The surface correction to
the Gibbs free energy converges to the zero temperature surface energy,
characterized with the help of the minimum of
$\overline{\mathcal{E}}_\mathrm{surf}$. (3) The bulk Gibbs measure and Gibbs
free energy can be approximated by their Gaussian counterparts. (4) Bounds on
the decay of correlations are provided, some of them uniform in $\beta$.
