  Charts go hand in hand with text to communicate complex data and are widely
adopted in news articles, online blogs, and academic papers. They provide
graphical summaries of the data, while text explains the message and context.
However, synthesizing information across text and charts is difficult; it
requires readers to frequently shift their attention. We investigated ways to
support the tight coupling of text and charts in data documents. To understand
their interplay, we analyzed the design space of chart-text references through
news articles and scientific papers. Informed by the analysis, we developed a
mixed-initiative interface enabling users to construct interactive references
between text and charts. It leverages natural language processing to
automatically suggest references as well as allows users to manually construct
other references effortlessly. A user study complemented with algorithmic
evaluation of the system suggests that the interface provides an effective way
to compose interactive data documents.
