  Multiple-operators (multi-OPs) spectrum sharing mechanism can effectively
improve the spectrum utilization in fifth-generation (5G) wireless
communication networks. The secondary users are introduced to opportunistically
access the licensed spectrum of idle operators (OPs). However, the identity
privacy and data security issues raise great concerns about the secure spectrum
sharing among multi-OPs. To address these challenges, a consortium blockchain
trust framework is proposed for the spectrum sharing in multi-OPs wireless
communication networks in this paper. A real consortium blockchain is
constructed among multi-OPs. The Multi-Ops Spectrum Sharing (MOSS) smart
contract is designed on the constructed consortium blockchain to implement the
spectrum trading among multi-OPs. Without the need of trustless spectrum
broker, the MOSS smart contract enforces multi-OPs to share the spectrum
truthfully and designs a punishment mechanism to punish malicious OPs.
Simulation results tested on the Remix integrated development environment (IDE)
indicate the feasibility of the designed MOSS smart contract. The performance
analysis of the proposed consortium blockchain trust framework demonstrates
that the privacy, openness and fairness of the proposed solution are better
than traditional spectrum allocation solutions.
