  This article puts forward a model of the formation of the universe, whose
essential novel ingredient is a pre-Universe reservoir $\mathrm{R_U}$ with
neither space nor time dimensions, in interaction with the universe U. U
results from a process of apparition of spacetime entities emanating from the
ur-elements in $\mathrm{R_U}$. The analysis of this apparition relies on a few
principles like the second law and the principle of conservation of energy,
applied to the thermodynamic system U $\cup\ \mathrm{R_U}$, which is closed.
The principle of conservation of energy does not apply to U alone. The second
law must be understood as ruling the transfer of entropy from $\mathrm{R_U}$ to
U, which is as small as one bit i.e., $k_B \ln 2$ per spacetime entity. In this
context, it is shown that the pressure $p$ of the Universe is negative and that
time and space are decoupled.
  We interpret the spacetime entities as elementary black holes (EBHs) at a
Planckian scale (their entropy of one bit as resulting from quantum
entanglement?). These EBHs with a constant entropy $k_B\ln 2$ own possibly
various angular momenta and electric charges; their statistics obeys a
Boltzmann distribution, if one considers the rotating and charged EBHs as high
energy states of the Schwarzschild EBH. Assuming that the total mass-energy of
the EBHs appeared up to the present epoch is the total mass-energy of the
observable universe, $\approx 35.3\times10^{53}$ kg, we find $T\approx 4.1\
T_P$, a temperature interpreted as the temperature of apparition of the EBHs.
Incidentally this model gives a possible explanation to non-local interactions,
through the hidden presence of $\mathrm{R_U}$, in reason of the absence of time
and space.
