  In the context of the fact that the existence of dark energy causing the
accelerated expansion of the universe has been confirmed by the WMAP and the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we re-examine gravitation itself, starting with the
formulation of Sakharov and show that it is possible to obtain gravitation in
terms of the electromagnetic charge of elementary particles, once the ZPF and
its effects at the Compton scale are taken into account.
