  In large wind farms, wake distribution behind a wind turbine causes a
considerable reduction of wind velocity for downstream wind turbines, resulting
in a significant amount of power loss. Therefore, it is very crucial to predict
wind turbine wakes efficiently. Thus, we propose a large-eddy simulation (LES)
methodology, which takes the vorticity stretching to model transients in wind
turbine wakes. In addition, we present an improved actuator disk model, which
accounts for two-way feedback between the atmosphere and the wakes. First, we
show that the vertical profile of the mean wind predicted with the new model
has an excellent agreement with experimental measurements. Next, we validate
the predicted Reynolds stresses against wind tunnel data and show that the
dispersive stresses account for about 40% of Reynolds stresses. Finally, we
show that the proposed LES method accurately predicts the characteristics of
wind turbine wakes. Comparing the LES results with previously reported data, we
have found that the new LES framework accurately predicts the flow statistics
in both the near-wake and the far-wake regions.
