  The well-known process algebras, such as CCS, ACP and $\pi$-calculus, capture
the interleaving concurrency based on bisimilarity semantics. We did some work
on truly concurrent process algebras, such as CTC, APTC and $\pi_{tc}$ ,
capture the true concurrency based on truly concurrent bisimilarities, such as
pomset bisimilarity, step bisimilarity, history-preserving (hp-) bisimilarity
and hereditary history-preserving (hhp-) bisimilarity. Truly concurrent process
algebras are generalizations of the corresponding traditional process algebras.
In this book, we introduce probabilism into truly concurrent process algebras,
based on the work on probabilistic process algebra.
