  In this paper, using Pao's conjecture [Y.-H. Pao, Phys. Fluids 11, 1371
(1968)], we derive expressions for the spectra and fluxes of kinetic energy and
enstrophy for two-dimensional (2D) forced turbulence that extend beyond the
inertial range. In these expressions, the fluxes and the spectra contain
additional factors of the exponential form. To validate these model
predictions, we perform numerical simulations of 2D turbulence with an external
force applied at $k=k_f$ in the intermediate range. The numerical results match
with the model predictions, except for the energy and enstrophy fluxes for
$k<k_f$, where the fluxes exhibit significant fluctuations. We show that these
fluctuations arise due to the unsteady nature of the flow at small wavenumbers.
For the $k<k_f$, the shell-to-shell energy transfers computed using numerical
data show forward energy transfers among the neighbouring shells, but backward
energy transfers for other shells.
