  Traffic engineering aims to control infrastructure and population behavior to
achieve optimal usage of road networks. Fairness is fundamental to stimulate
cooperation in large populations, and plays an important role in traffic
engineering, as it increases the well-being of users, improves driving safety
by rule-adherence, and overcomes public resistance at legislative
implementation. Despite the importance of fairness, only a few works have
translated fairness into the transportation domain, with a focus on
transportation planning rather than traffic engineering. This work highlights
the importance of fairness when solving conflicts of large populations for
scare, public good, road-network resources with traffic engineering, and
establishes a connection to the modern fairness theories. Moreover, this work
presents a fairness framework that serves when designing traffic engineering
solutions, when convincing in public debates with a useful, argumentative
tool-set to confront equity considerations, and enables systematic research and
design of control systems.
