  Gender is increasingly being explored as a social characteristic ascribed to
robots by people. Yet, research involving social robots that may be gendered
tends not to address gender perceptions, such as through pilot studies or
manipulation checks. Moreover, research that does address gender perceptions
has been limited by a reliance on the human gender binary model of feminine and
masculine, prescriptive response options, and/or researcher assumptions and/or
ascriptions of participant gendering. In response, we conducted an online pilot
categorization study (n=55) wherein we provided gender-expansive response
options for rating four robots ranging across four levels of anthropomorphism.
Findings indicate that people gender robots in diverse ways, and not
necessarily in relation to the gender binary. Additionally, less
anthropomorphic robots and the childlike humanoid robot were deemed masculine,
while the iconic robot was deemed gender neutral, fluid, and/or ambiguous. We
discuss implications for future work on all humanoid robots.
