  The electrification of heavy-duty vehicles (HDEVs) is a rapidly emerging
avenue for decarbonization of energy and transportation sectors. Compared to
light duty vehicles, HDEVs exhibit unique travel and charging patterns over
long distances. In this paper, we formulate an analytically tractable model
that considers the routing decisions for the HDEVs and their charging
implications on the power grid. Our model captures the impacts of increased
vehicle electrification on the transmission grid, with particular focus on
HDEVs. We jointly model transportation and power networks coupling them through
the demand generated for charging requirements of HDEVs. In particular, the
voltage constraint violation is explicitly accounted for in the proposed model
given the signifcant amount of charging power imposed by HDEVs. We obtain
optimal routing schedules and generator dispatch satisfying mobility
constraints of HDEVs while minimizing voltage violations in electric
transmission network. Case study based on an IEEE 24-bus system is presented
using realistic data of transit data of HDEVs. The numerical results suggest
that the proposed model and algorithm effectively mitigate the voltage
violation when a significant amount of HDEVs are integrated to the power
transmission network. Such mitigation includes reduction in the voltage
magnitude, geographical dispersion of voltage violations and worst-case voltage
violations at critical nodes.
