  This study investigates the dynamic behavior of polaritons in an optical
cavity containing one million molecules, emphasizing the influence of molecular
rotation and level disorder on the coupling between molecules and photons.
Through rigorous theoretical simulations and numerical analyses, we
systematically explore the formation and spectral characteristics of polaritons
in this complex environment. Our findings reveal that the rotational motion of
molecules significantly affects the electromagnetic field distribution within
the cavity, leading to distinct alterations in polariton properties.
Simultaneously, the presence of level disorder induces diverse energy level
structures, influencing the energy distribution of polaritons. The
comprehensive examination of these factors provides valuable insights into the
intricate interplay between molecules and photons in large-scale cavity
systems. This research not only advances the fundamental understanding of
molecular-photon coupling but also offers theoretical guidance for practical
applications in the design and exploration of optical cavities.
