  This paper assesses the convergence of the EU-28 countries towards their
common goal of 20% in the renewable energy share indicator by year 2020. The
potential presence of clubs of convergence towards different steady state
equilibria is also analyzed from both the standpoints of global convergence to
the 20% goal and specific convergence to the various targets assigned to Member
States. Two clubs of convergence are detected in the former case, each
corresponding to different RES targets. A probit model is also fitted with the
aim of better understanding the determinants of club membership, that seemingly
include real GDP per capita, expenditure on environmental protection, energy
dependence, and nuclear capacity, with all of them having statistically
significant effects. Finally, convergence is also analyzed separately for the
transport, heating and cooling, and electricity sectors.
