  Memory traces--changes in the memory system that result from the perception
and encoding of an event--were measured in pioneering studies by Endel Tulving
and Michael J. Watkins in 1975. These and further experiments informed the
maturation of Tulving's memory model, from the GAPS (General Abstract
Processing System} to the SPI (Serial-Parallel Independent) model. Having
current top of the line LLMs revisit the original Tulving-Watkins tests may
help in assessing whether foundation models completely instantiate or not this
class of psychological models.
