  Drag and lift coefficients of recent FIFA world cup balls are examined. We
fit a novel functional form to drag coefficient curves and in the absence of
empirical data provide estimates of lift coefficient behaviour via a
consideration of the physics of the boundary layer. Differences in both these
coefficients for recent balls, which result from surface texture modification,
can significantly alter trajectories. Numerical simulations are used to
quantify the effect these changes have on the flight paths of various balls.
Altitude and temperature variations at recent world cup events are also
discussed. We conclude by quantifying the influence these variations have on
the three most recent world cup balls, the Brazuca, the Jabulani and the
Teamgeist. While our paper presents findings of interest to the professional
sports scientist, it remains accessible to students at the undergraduate level.
