  Digital watermarking methods are commonly used to safeguard digital media
copyrights by confirming ownership and deterring unauthorized use. However,
without reliable third-party oversight, these methods risk security
vulnerabilities during watermark extraction. Furthermore, digital media lacks
tangible ownership attributes, posing challenges for secure copyright transfer
and tracing. This study introduces DataSafe, a copyright protection scheme that
combines physical unclonable functions (PUFs) and blockchain technology. PUF
devices use their unique fingerprints for blockchain registration.
Subsequently, these devices incorporate invisible watermarking techniques to
embed digital watermarks into media for copyright protection. The watermark
verification process is confined within the devices, preserving confidentiality
during extraction, validating identities during copyright exchanges, and
facilitating blockchain-based traceability of copyright transfers. The
implementation of a prototype system on the LPC55S69-EVK development board is
detailed, illustrating the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed
solution.
