  Analog subtractive synthesizers are generally considered to provide superior
sound quality compared to digital emulations. However, analog circuitry
requires calibration and suffers from aging, temperature instability, and
limited flexibility in generating a wide variety of waveforms. Digital
synthesis can mitigate many of these drawbacks, but generating arbitrary
aliasing-free waveforms remains challenging. In this paper, we present the
+-synth, a hybrid digital-analog eight-voice polyphonic synthesizer prototype
that combines the best of both worlds. At the heart of the synthesizer is the
big Fourier oscillator (BFO), a novel digital very-large scale integration
(VLSI) design that utilizes additive synthesis to generate a wide variety of
aliasing-free waveforms. Each BFO produces two voices, using four oscillators
per voice. A single oscillator can generate up to 1024 freely configurable
partials (harmonic or inharmonic), which are calculated using coordinate
rotation digital computers (CORDICs). The BFOs were fabricated as 65nm CMOS
custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), which are integrated
in the +-synth to simultaneously generate up to 32768 partials. Four 24-bit
96kHz stereo DACs then convert the eight voices into the analog domain,
followed by digitally controlled analog low-pass filtering and amplification.
Measurement results of the +-synth prototype demonstrate high fidelity and low
latency.
