  The realization that interfacial features play little role in diesel spray
vaporization and advection has changed the modus operandi for spray modeling.
Lagrangian particle tracking has typically been focused on droplet behavior,
with sub-models for breakup, collision, and interfacially limited vaporization.
In contrast, the mixing-oriented spray models are constructed so that gas
entrainment is the limiting factor in the evolution of momentum and energy. In
this work, a new spray model, ELMO (Eulerian-Lagrangian Mixing-Oriented), is
implemented in a three-dimensional CFD code with two-way coupling with the gas
phase. The model is verified and validated with three canonical sprays
including spray A, H, and G from the ECN database.
