  We report on a combined theoretical and numerical study of counterflow
turbulence in superfluid $^{4}$He in a wide range of parameters. The energy
spectra of the velocity fluctuations of both the normal-fluid and superfluid
components are strongly anisotropic. The angular dependence of the correlation
between velocity fluctuations of the two components plays the key role. A
selective energy dissipation intensifies as scales decrease, with the
streamwise velocity fluctuations becoming dominant. Most of the flow energy is
concentrated in a wavevector plane which is orthogonal to the direction of the
counterflow. The phenomenon becomes more prominent at higher temperatures as
the coupling between the components depends on the temperature and the
direction with respect to the counterflow velocity.
