  This paper presents a multi-stage expansion model for the co-planning of
transmission lines, battery energy storage (ES), and wind power plants (WPP).
High penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) is integrated into the
proposed model concerning renewable portfolio standard (RPS) policy goals. The
possibility of bundling existing transmission lines to uprate power flow
capacity is considered. Renewable energy curtailment and load shedding are
included in the model to assess the system operation more precisely. Battery ES
devices are co-planned to defer transmission expansion and renewable
management. To make the time complexity of the problem tractable and capture
the uncertainties of load and RES in an hourly resolution, a chronological
time-period clustering algorithm is used to extract the representative hours of
each planning stage. Additionally, the flexible ramp reserve is utilized to
handle the uncertainty of RES. An accelerated Benders dual decomposition (BDD)
algorithm is developed to solve the proposed model mixed-integer linear
programming (MILP) formulation. The N-1 security criterion is evaluated by
considering a designed contingency screening (CS) algorithm to identify higher
risk contingencies. The effectiveness of the proposed co-planning model is
evaluated using IEEE RTS 24-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems.
