  Grid and cloud computing systems have been extensively used to solve large
and complex problems in science and engineering areas. These systems include
powerful computing resources connected through high-speed networks. Due to
recent advances in mobile computing and networking technologies, it has become
feasible to integrate various mobile devices such as robots, aerial vehicles,
sensors, and smartphones with grid and cloud computing systems. This
integration enables design and development of next generation of applications
through sharing of resources in mobile environments and also introduces several
challenges due to dynamic and unpredictable network. This paper discusses
applications, research challenges involved in design and development of mobile
grid and cloud computing systems, and recent advances in the field.
