  This research investigates a multi-product, multi-echelon, and multi-period
vaccine supply chain network model under uncertainty and quality inspection
errors. The objective function seeks optimizing the total cost of the supply
chain. Moreover, the proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear
programming problem under multiple sources of uncertain parameters including
demand, inspection errors, vaccine waste generated in healthcare centers, and
defective treatment rate of vaccine waste. To provide meaningful solutions that
are robust against future fluctuation of parameters, the robust optimization
approach is utilized to incorporate the decision maker risk attitude under
different type of uncertainty sets. Namely, box, polyhedral and combination of
interval polyhedral. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated
through an illustrative example. The results show the effect of different types
of uncertainties on the overall objective function. Managerial insights and
research implications in terms of vaccine supply chain is advised and future
research directions are proposed.
