  This work is an electronic pre-publication of a book manuscript being under
consideration in order to provide information to interested researchers about a
review of mechanical forces in plasmas by electro-dynamic fields. Beginning
with Kelvin's ponderomotive force of 1845 in electrostatics, the hydrodynamic
force in a plasma is linked with quadratic force quantities of electric and
magnetic fields. Hydrodynamics is interlinked with single particle motion of
plasma particles electric field generation and double layers and sheaths due to
properties of inhomogeneous plasmas. Consequences relate to laser driven
particle acceleration and fusion energy. Beyond the very broad research field
of fusion using nanosecond laser pulses based on thermodynamics, the new
picosecond pulses of ultrahigh power opened a categorically different
non-thermal interaction finally permitting proton-boron fusion with eliminating
problems of nuclear radiation.
