  A new facility to measure neutrino mass differences and mixing angles and
neutrino-nucleus cross sections, such as the proposed ORLaND facility at Oak
Ridge, would contribute to the experimental determination of vacuum mixing
parameters and would provide an experimental foundation for the many
neutrino-nucleus weak interaction rates needed in supernova models. This would
enable more realistic supernova models and a far greater ability to cull
fundamental physics from these models by comparing them with detailed
observations. Charged- and neutral-current neutrino interactions on nuclei in
the stellar core play a central role in supernova dynamics, nucleosynthesis,
and neutrino detection. Measurements of these reactions on select, judiciously
chosen targets would provide an invaluable test of the complex theoretical
models used to compute the neutrino-nucleus cross sections.
