  This is the second paper of the MaNGA DynPop series, which analyzes the
global stellar population, radial gradients, and non-parametric star-formation
history of $\sim 10$K galaxies from the MaNGA Survey final data release 17
(DR17) and relates them with dynamical properties of galaxies. We confirm the
correlation between the stellar population properties and the stellar velocity
dispersion $\sigma_{\rm e}$, but also find that younger galaxies are more
metal-poor at fixed $\sigma_{\rm e}$. Stellar age, metallicity, and
mass-to-light ratio $M_{\ast}/L$ all decrease with increasing galaxy rotation,
while their radial gradients become more negative (i.e. lower value at the
outskirts). The exception is the slow rotators, which also appear to have
significantly negative metallicity gradients, confirming the mass-metallicity
gradient correlation. Massive disk galaxies in the green valley, on the
$(\sigma_{\rm e},\rm Age)$ plane, show the most negative age and metallicity
gradients, consistent with their old central bulges surrounded by young
star-forming disks and metal-poor gas accretion. Galaxies with high
$\sigma_{\rm e}$, steep total mass-density slope, low dark matter fraction,
high $M_{\ast}/L$, and high metallicity have the highest star-formation rate at
earlier times, and are currently quenched. We also discover a population of
low-mass star-forming galaxies with low rotation but physically distinct from
the massive slow rotators. A catalogue of these stellar population properties
is provided publicly.
