  In this paper, we consider a remote inference system, where a neural network
is used to infer a time-varying target (e.g., robot movement), based on
features (e.g., video clips) that are progressively received from a sensing
node (e.g., a camera). Each feature is a temporal sequence of sensory data. The
inference error is determined by (i) the timeliness and (ii) the sequence
length of the feature, where we use Age of Information (AoI) as a metric for
timeliness. While a longer feature can typically provide better inference
performance, it often requires more channel resources for sending the feature.
To minimize the time-averaged inference error, we study a learning and
communication co-design problem that jointly optimizes feature length selection
and transmission scheduling. When there is a single sensor-predictor pair and a
single channel, we develop low-complexity optimal co-designs for both the cases
of time-invariant and time-variant feature length. When there are multiple
sensor-predictor pairs and multiple channels, the co-design problem becomes a
restless multi-arm multi-action bandit problem that is PSPACE-hard. For this
setting, we design a low-complexity algorithm to solve the problem.
Trace-driven evaluations demonstrate the potential of these co-designs to
reduce inference error by up to 10000 times.
