  Unlike most of the current research that focuses on a single aspect of WSNs,
we present an Energy Driven Architecture (EDA) as a new architecture for
minimising the total energy consumption of WSNs. EDA as a constituent-based
architecture is used to deploy WSNs according to energy dissipation through
their constituents. This view of overall energy consumption in WSNs can be
applied to optimising and balancing energy consumption and increasing the
network lifetime. Refer back to the architecture, we introduce a single overall
model and propose a feasible formulation to express the overall energy
consumption of a generic wireless sensor network application in terms of its
energy constituents. The formulation offers a concrete expression for
evaluating the performance of WSN application, optimising its constituents
operations, and designing more energy-efficient applications. The ultimate aim
is to produce an energy map architecture of a generic WSN application that
comprises essential and definable energy constituents and the relationships
between these constituents to explore strategies for minimising the overall
energy consumption of the application. Later, parameters affecting energy in
WSNs are extracted. The dependency between these parameters and the average
energy consumption of an application is then investigated. A few statistical
tools are applied for parameter reduction followed by random forest regression
to model energy consumption per delivered packet with and without parameter
reduction to determine the reduction in accuracy due to reduction. Finally, an
energy-efficient dynamic topology management algorithm is proposed based on the
EDA model and the prevalent parameters. The performance of the new topology
management algorithm, which employs Dijkstra to find energy-efficient lowest
cost paths among nodes, is compared to similar topology management algorithms.
