  This paper presents a framework for simultaneous bidding and pricing strategy
for wholesale market participation of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations
aggregator. The proposed framework incorporates the EV charging stations'
technical constraints as well as EV owners' preferences. A bi-level
optimization is adopted to model the problem. In the upper level, the total
profit of the EV charging station aggregator is maximized. In the lower-level
problem, the EV owner's utility function is maximized. The EV owners'
preferences are modeled using the quadratic utility function. The bi-level
optimization problem which is non-convex and hard to solve is converted to a
mixed-integer convex quadratic programming model by writing the optimal
conditions of the lower-level problem that is solvable with commercial solvers.
The effectiveness of the proposed framework is investigated by implementing
simulation results.
