  In this work, we improve and refine some numerical radius inequalities. In
particular, for all Hilbert space operators $T$, the celebrated Kittaneh
inequality reads: \begin{align*} \frac{1}{4}\left\| T^*T + TT^*\right\|\le w^{2
}\left(T \right) \le \frac{1}{2}\left\| T^*T + TT^*\right\|. \end{align*} In
this work we provide some important refinements for the upper bound of the
Kittaned inequality. Indeed, we establish \begin{align*} w^{2 }\left(T \right)
\le \frac{1}{2}\left\| T^*T + TT^*\right\| - \frac{1}{4} \mathop {\inf
}\limits_{\left\| x \right\| = 1} \left( {\left\langle {\left| T \right|x,x}
\right\rangle - \left\langle {\left| T^* \right|x,x} \right\rangle } \right)^2,
\end{align*} which also refined and improved as \begin{align*} w^{2 }\left(T
\right) \le \frac{1}{2}\left\| T^*T + TT^*\right\| - \frac{1}{2} \mathop {\inf
}\limits_{\left\| x \right\| = 1} \left( {\left\langle {\left| T \right|x,x}
\right\rangle - \left\langle {\left| T^* \right|x,x} \right\rangle } \right)^2,
\end{align*} and \begin{align*} w^{2 }\left(T \right) \le \frac{1}{2}
\left\|T^*T+TT^* \right\| -\frac{1}{2} \mathop {\inf }\limits_{\left\| x
\right\| = 1} \left(\left\langle {\left| T \right|^{2 }x,x}
\right\rangle^{\frac{1}{2}} - \left\langle {\left| T^* \right|^{2 } x,x}
\right\rangle^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)^2, \end{align*}
  with third improvement \begin{align*} w^2 \left( {T } \right) \le \frac{1}{4
}\left\| {\left| T \right| + \left| {T^* } \right| } \right\|^{2} - \frac{1}{{4
}}\mathop {\inf }\limits_{\left\| x \right\| = 1} \left( {\left\langle {\left|
T \right| x,x} \right\rangle - \left\langle {\left| {T^* } \right| x,x}
\right\rangle } \right)^2. \end{align*} Other general related results are also
considered.
