  Non-centrosymmetric EuTGe3 (T=Co, Ni, Rh, and Ir) possesses magnetic Eu2+
ions and antiferromagnetic ordering appears at low temperatures. Transition
metal substitution leads to changes of the unit cell volume and of the magnetic
ordering. However, the magnetic ordering temperature does not scale with the
volume change and the Eu valence is expected to remain divalent. Here we study
the bulk electronic structure of non-centrosymmetric EuTGe3 (T=Co, Ni, Rh, and
Ir) by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Eu 3d core level spectrum
confirms the robust Eu2+ valence state against the transition metal
substitution with a small contribution from Eu3+. The estimated Eu mean-valence
is around 2.1 in these compounds as confirmed by multiplet calculations. In
contrast, the Ge 2p spectrum shifts to higher binding energy upon changing the
transition metal from 3d to 4d to 5d elements, hinting of a change in the Ge-T
bonding strength. The valence bands of the different compounds are found to be
well reproduced by ab initio band structure calculations.
