  We introduce a 3D Mueller Matrix (MM) image reconstruction technique using
digital holographic approach for the layer-by-layer profiling thin films with
polycrystalline structures, like dehydrated blood smears. The proposed method
effectively extracts optical anisotropy parameters for a detailed quantitative
analysis. The investigation revealed the method sensitivity to subtle changes
in optical anisotropy properties resulting from alterations in the quaternary
and tertiary structures of blood proteins, leading to disturbances in
crystallization structures at the macro level at the very early stage of a
disease. Spatial distributions of linear and circular birefringence and
dichroism are analyzed in partially depolarizing polycrystalline blood films
obtained from healthy tissues and cancerous prostate tissues at various stages
of adenocarcinoma. Changes in the values of the 1st to 4th order statistical
moments, characterizing the distributions of optical anisotropy in different
phase sections of the smear volumes, are observed and quantified. Comparative
analysis of optical anisotropy distributions from healthy patients highlighted
the 3rd and 4th order statistical moments for linear and circular birefringence
and dichroism as the most promising for diagnostic purposes. We achieved an
excellent accuracy (>90%) for early cancer diagnosis and differentiation of its
stages, demonstrating the techniques significant potential for rapid and
accurate definitive cancer diagnosis compared to existing screening approaches.
