  In this paper we present a broad overview of the last 40 years of research on
cognitive architectures. Although the number of existing architectures is
nearing several hundred, most of the existing surveys do not reflect this
growth and focus on a handful of well-established architectures. Thus, in this
survey we wanted to shift the focus towards a more inclusive and high-level
overview of the research on cognitive architectures. Our final set of 84
architectures includes 49 that are still actively developed, and borrow from a
diverse set of disciplines, spanning areas from psychoanalysis to neuroscience.
To keep the length of this paper within reasonable limits we discuss only the
core cognitive abilities, such as perception, attention mechanisms, action
selection, memory, learning and reasoning. In order to assess the breadth of
practical applications of cognitive architectures we gathered information on
over 900 practical projects implemented using the cognitive architectures in
our list. We use various visualization techniques to highlight overall trends
in the development of the field. In addition to summarizing the current
state-of-the-art in the cognitive architecture research, this survey describes
a variety of methods and ideas that have been tried and their relative success
in modeling human cognitive abilities, as well as which aspects of cognitive
behavior need more research with respect to their mechanistic counterparts and
thus can further inform how cognitive science might progress.
