  Correlated errors can significantly impact the quantum error correction,
which challenges the assumption that errors occur in different qubits
independently in both space and time. Superconducting qubits have been found to
suffer correlated errors across multiple qubits, which could be attributable to
ionizing radiations and cosmic rays. Nevertheless, the direct evidence and a
quantitative understanding of this relationship are currently lacking. In this
work, we propose to continuously monitor multi-qubit simultaneous charge-parity
jumps to detect correlated errors and find that occur more frequently than
multi-qubit simultaneous bit flips. Then, we propose to position two cosmic-ray
muon detectors directly beneath the sample box in a dilution refrigerator and
successfully observe the correlated errors in a superconducting qubit array
triggered by muons. By introducing a lead shielding layer on the refrigerator,
we also reveal that the majority of other correlated errors are primarily
induced by gamma rays. Furthermore, we find the superconducting film with a
higher recombination rate of quasiparticles used in the qubits is helpful in
reducing the duration of correlated errors. Our results provide experimental
evidence of the impact of gamma rays and muons on superconducting quantum
computation and offer practical insights into mitigation strategies for quantum
error correction. In addition, we observe the average occurrence rate of
muon-induced correlated errors in our processor is approximately 0.40
min$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$, which is comparable to the muon event rate detected by the
muon detector with 0.506 min$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$. This demonstrates the potential
applications of superconducting qubit arrays as low-energy threshold sensors in
the field of high-energy physics.
