  We present a comprehensive analysis and extraction of the unpolarized
transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions, which are
fundamental constituents of the TMD factorization theorem. We provide a general
review of the theory of TMD distributions, and present a new scheme of scale
fixation. This scheme, called the $\zeta$-prescription, allows to minimize the
impact of perturbative logarithms in the large range of scales and does not
generate undesired power corrections. Within $\zeta$-prescription we
consistently include the perturbatively calculable parts up to
next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO), and perform the global fit of the
Drell-Yan and Z-boson production, which include the data of E288, Tevatron and
LHC experiments. The nonperturbative part of the TMDs are explored checking a
large variety of models. We support the obtained results by a study of
theoretical uncertainties, perturbative convergence, and dedicated study of the
range of applicability of the TMD factorization theorem. The considered
nonperturbative models present significant differences in the fitting behavior,
which allow us to clearly disfavor most of them. The numerical evaluations are
provided by the "arTeMiDe" code, which is introduced in this work and that can
be used for current/future TMD phenomenology.
