  The classical theory of electromagnetism is based on Maxwell's macroscopic
equations, an energy postulate, a momentum postulate, and a generalized form of
the Lorentz law of force. These seven postulates constitute the foundation of a
complete and consistent theory, thus eliminating the need for physical models
of polarization P and magnetization M - these being the distinguishing features
of Maxwell's macroscopic equations. In the proposed formulation, P(r,t) and
M(r,t) are arbitrary functions of space and time, their physical properties
being embedded in the seven postulates of the theory. The postulates are
self-consistent, comply with special relativity, and satisfy the laws of
conservation of energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum. The Abraham
momentum density p_EM(r,t)= E(r,t)\timesH(r,t)/c^2 emerges as the universal
electromagnetic momentum that does not depend on whether the field is
propagating or evanescent, and whether or not the host media are homogeneous,
transparent, isotropic, linear, dispersive, magnetic, hysteretic,
negative-index, etc. Any variation with time of the total electromagnetic
momentum of a closed system results in a force exerted on the material media
within the system in accordance with the generalized Lorentz law.
