  The systems that operate the infrastructure of cities have evolved in a
fragmented fashion across several generations of technology, causing city
utilities and services to operate sub-optimally and limiting the creation of
new value-added services and restrict opportunities for cost-saving. The
integration of cross-domain city data offers a new wave of opportunities to
mitigate some of these impacts and enables city systems to draw effectively on
interoperable data that will be used to deliver smarter cities. Despite the
considerable potential of city data, current smart cities initiatives have
mainly addressed the problem of data management from a technology perspective,
and have disregarded stakeholders and data needs. As a consequence, such
initiatives are susceptible to failure from inadequate stakeholder input,
requirements neglecting, and information fragmentation and overload. They are
also likely to be limited in terms of both scalability and future proofing
against technological, commercial and legislative change. This paper proposes a
systematic business-modeldriven framework to guide the design of large and
highly interconnected data infrastructures which are provided and supported by
multiple stakeholders. The framework is used to model, elicit and reason about
the requirements of the service, technology, organization, value, and
governance aspects of smart cities. The requirements serve as an input to a
closed-loop supply chain model, which is designed and managed to explicitly
consider the activities and processes that enables the stakeholders of smart
cities to efficiently leverage their collective knowledge. We demonstrate how
our approach can be used to design data infrastructures by examining a series
of exemplary scenarios and by demonstrating how our approach handles the
holistic design of a data infrastructure and informs the decision making
process.
