  Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising technology for
next generation wireless communication systems (5G). In this technology, Base
Station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas. Employing high
resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for all antennas may cause high
costs and high power consumption for the BS. By performing numerical results,
we evaluate the use of low-resolution ADCs for uplink massive MIMO by analyzing
Bit Error Rate (BER) performance for different detection techniques (MMSE, ZF)
and different modulations (QPSK, 16-QAM) to find an optimal quantization
resolution. Our results reveal that the BER performance of uplink massive MIMO
systems with a few-bit resolution ADCs is comparable to the case of having full
precision ADCs. We found that the optimum choice of quantization level (number
of bits in ADCs) depends on the modulation technique and the number of antennas
at the BS.
