  The deployment of distributed energy resources, combined with a more
proactive demand side, is inducing a new paradigm in power system operation and
electricity markets. Within a consumer-centric market framework, peer-to-peer
approaches have gained substantial interest. Peer-to-peer markets rely on
multi-bilateral direct negotiation among all players to match supply and
demand, and with product differentiation. These markets can yield a complete
mapping of exchanges onto the grid, hence allowing to rethink our approach to
sharing costs related to usage of common infrastructure and services. We
propose here to attribute such costs in a number of alternative ways that
reflects different views on usage of the grid and on cost allocation, i.e.,
uniformly and based on the electrical distance between players. Since
attribution mechanisms are defined in an exogenous manner and made transparent
they eventually affect the trades of the market participants and related grid
usage. The interest of our approach is illustrated on a test case using the
IEEE 39 bus test system, underlying the impact of attribution mechanisms on
trades and grid usage.
