  The stairwell is the main path for emergency evacuation of people in super
high-rise buildings, so revealing the movement characteristics in the stairwell
based on experimental data is the basis for controlling the evacuation process
of super high-rise buildings to ensure the safety of the crowd. Here, an
evacuation experiment is carried out in Shanghai Tower with a vertical height
of 583 m, which is the second tallest building in the world. The results show
that pedestrians would set a "suitable velocity" for themselves according to
the target height distance, and farther distance will result in lower "suitable
velocity". The evidence is that the group of participants with a 9.63% higher
traveling height spend a 16.39% longer evacuation time, yet within each group
the velocity do not decrease with the increase of the moving distance.
Furthermore, crowding in stairwell determines whether pedestrians can achieve
the "suitable velocity", and the "suitable velocity" of women or older people
is smaller than men or younger people in the same scenario. The local velocity
and vertical velocity of different groups, genders and ages are classified and
analyzed. A new measurement method for crowd density and then the fundamental
diagram of the velocity-density relation in super high-rise building is
presented. These results can provide basic data for the design of emergency
evacuation facilities and formulation of emergency plan for super high-rise
buildings.
