  We study far from equilibrium transport of a periodically driven inertial
Brownian particle moving in a periodic potential. As detected recently for a
SQUID ratchet dynamics (Spiechowicz J. & Luczka J. Phys. Rev. E 91, 062104
(2015)), the mean square deviation of the particle position from its average
may involve three distinct intermediate, although extended diffusive regimes:
initially as superdiffusion, followed by subdiffusion and finally, normal
diffusion in the asymptotic long time limit. Even though these anomalies are
transient effects, their lifetime can be many, many orders of magnitude longer
than the characteristic time scale of the setup and turns out to be
extraordinarily sensitive to the system parameters like temperature or the
potential asymmetry. In the paper we reveal mechanisms of diffusion anomalies
related to ergodicity of the system, symmetry breaking of the periodic
potential and ultraslow relaxation of the particle velocity towards its steady
state. Similar sequences of the diffusive behaviours could be detected in
various systems including, among others, colloidal particles in random
potentials, glass forming liquids and granular gases.
