  This work has a methodological nature and is a set of lecture notes for
undergraduate students. It is devoted to the study of the basic tools of
quantum field theory on the example of the simplest cubic "toy" model. We
introduce such concepts as the functional integral, the generating functions,
the background field method and the Feynman diagram technique, and also
consider relations among them. The model under consideration allows us to
perform all the calculations explicitly, which significantly increases the
visibility and clarity of the notes. We also provide neat proofs that are
usually omitted in standard educational publications.
