  All particles of the same type are indistinguishable, according to a
fundamental quantum principle. This entails a description of many-particle
states using symmetrised or anti-symmetrised wave functions, which turn out to
be formally entangled. However, the measurement of individual particles is
hampered by a mode description in the second-quantised theory that masks this
entanglement. Is it nonetheless possible to use such states as a resource in
Bell-type experiments? More specifically, which states of identical particles
can demonstrate non-local correlations in passive linear optical setups that
are considered purely classical component of the experiment? Here, the problem
is fully solved for multi-particle states with a definite number of identical
particles. We show that all fermion states and most boson states provide a
sufficient quantum resource to exhibit non-locality in classical optical
setups. The only exception is a special class of boson states that are
reducible to a single mode, which turns out to be locally simulable for any
passive linear optical experiment. This finding highlights the connection
between the basic concept of particle indistinguishability and Bell
non-locality, which can be observed by classical means for almost every state
of identical particles.
