  Recent observations of galactic cosmic rays (CR) in the 1-500 GeV energy
range have revealed striking deviations from what deemed "standard." The
anomalies cut across hadronic and leptonic CRs. I discuss findings that
challenge physical mechanisms long held responsible for the CR production in
galactic supernova remnants (SNR). I also consider some new physics of particle
acceleration in SNR shocks that is not part of conventional models but may
explain the anomalies. However, a possible 20-30\% excess remains unaccounted
for in the $e^{+}/e^{+}$ ratio over the range of a few 100 GeV. If not
explained by future models, it suggests an additional source of positrons such
as a dark matter decay/annihilation or pulsar contribution. Earlier efforts to
explain both the $e^{+}/e^{-}$ and $p$/He anomalies with the "standard" models
by adjusting the SNR environmental parameters and multiple sources are
critically assessed.
