  Spreadsheets are widely used, and studies have shown that most end-user
spreadsheets contain nontrivial errors. To improve end-users productivity,
recent research proposes the use of a model-driven engineering approach to
spreadsheets. In this paper we conduct the first systematic empirical study to
assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach. A set of spreadsheet
end users worked with two different model-based spreadsheets, and we present
and analyze here the results achieved.
