  This article examines the significant challenges encountered in implementing
sharding within distributed replication systems. It identifies the impediments
of achieving consensus among large participant sets, leading to scalability,
throughput, and performance limitations. These issues primarily arise due to
the message complexity inherent in consensus mechanisms. In response, we
investigate the potential of sharding to mitigate these challenges, analyzing
current implementations within distributed replication systems. Additionally,
we offer a comprehensive review of replication systems, encompassing both
classical distributed databases as well as Distributed Ledger Technologies
(DLTs) employing sharding techniques. Through this analysis, the article aims
to provide insights into addressing the scalability and performance concerns in
distributed replication systems.
