  Residual stress is ubiquitous and indispensable in most biological and
artificial materials, where it sustains and optimizes many biological and
functional mechanisms. The theory of volume growth, starting from a stress-free
initial state, is widely used to explain the creation and evolution of
growth-induced residual stress and the resulting changes in shape, and to model
how growing bio-tissues such as arteries and solid tumors develop a strategy of
pattern creation according to geometrical and material parameters. This
modelling provides promising avenues for designing and directing some
appropriate morphology of a given tissue or organ and achieve some targeted
biomedical function. In this paper, we rely on a modified, augmented theory to
reveal how we can obtain growth-induced residual stress and pattern evolution
of a layered artery by starting from an existing, non-zero initial residual
stress state. We use experimentally determined residual stress distributions of
aged bi-layered human aortas and quantify their influence by a magnitude
factor. Our results show that initial residual stress has a more significant
impact on residual stress accumulation and the subsequent evolution of patterns
than geometry and material parameters. Additionally, we provide an essential
explanation for growth-induced patterns driven by differential growth coupled
to an initial residual stress. Finally, we show that initial residual stress is
a readily available way to control growth-induced pattern creation for tissues
and thus may provide a promising inspiration for biomedical engineering.
