  Aggregate peak Electric Vehicle (EV) charging demand is a matter of growing
concern for network operators as it severely limits the network's capacity,
preventing its reliable operation. Various tariff schemes have been proposed to
limit peak demand by incentivizing flexible asset users to shift their demand
from peak periods. However, fewer studies quantify the effect of these tariff
schemes on the aggregate level. In this paper, we compare the effect of a
multi-level segmented network tariff with and without dynamic energy prices for
individual EV users on the aggregate peak demand. Results based on real
charging transactions from over 1200 public charging points in the Netherlands
show that the segmented network tariff with flat energy prices results in more
diverse load profiles with increasing aggregation, as compared to
cost-optimized dispatch based on only dynamic day-ahead energy prices. When
paired with dynamic energy prices, the segmented tariff still outperforms only
dynamic energy price-based tariffs in reducing peaks. Results show that a
balance between power thresholds and price per threshold is crucial in
designing a suitable tariff, taking into account the needs of the power
network. We also provide valuable insights to network operators by calculating
the diversity factor for various peak demands per charging point.
