  With the rapid growth of the Internet, human daily life has become deeply
bound to the Internet. To take advantage of massive amounts of data and
information on the internet, the Web architecture is continuously being
reinvented and upgraded. From the static informative characteristics of Web 1.0
to the dynamic interactive features of Web 2.0, scholars and engineers have
worked hard to make the internet world more open, inclusive, and equal. Indeed,
the next generation of Web evolution (i.e., Web 3.0) is already coming and
shaping our lives. Web 3.0 is a decentralized Web architecture that is more
intelligent and safer than before. The risks and ruin posed by monopolists or
criminals will be greatly reduced by a complete reconstruction of the Internet
and IT infrastructure. In a word, Web 3.0 is capable of addressing web data
ownership according to distributed technology. It will optimize the internet
world from the perspectives of economy, culture, and technology. Then it
promotes novel content production methods, organizational structures, and
economic forms. However, Web 3.0 is not mature and is now being disputed.
Herein, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of Web 3.0, with a focus on
current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and outlook. This article
first introduces a brief overview of the history of World Wide Web as well as
several differences among Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and Web3. Then, some
technical implementations of Web 3.0 are illustrated in detail. We discuss the
revolution and benefits that Web 3.0 brings. Finally, we explore several
challenges and issues in this promising area.
