  With the rapid adoption of distributed photovoltaics (PVs) in certain
regions, issues such as lower net load valley during the day and more steep
ramping of the demand after sunset start to challenge normal operations at
utility companies. Urban transportation systems also have high peak congestion
periods and steep ramping because of traffic patterns. We propose using the
emerging electric vehicles (EVs) and the charing/discharging stations (CDSs) to
coordinate the operation between power distribution system (PDS) and the urban
transportation system (UTS), therefore, the operation challenges in each system
can be mitigated by utilizing the flexibility of the other system. We conducted
the simulation and numerical analysis using the IEEE 8,500-bus for the PDS and
the Sioux Falls system with about 10,000 cars for the UTS. Two systems are
simulated jointly to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the
proposed approach.
