  The theory of evolution states that the diversity of species can be explained
by descent with modification. Therefore, all living beings are related through
a common ancestor. This evolutionary process must have left traces in our
molecular composition. In this work, we present a randomization procedure in
order to determine if a group of 5 species of the primate family, namely,
macaque, guereza, orangutan, chimpanzee and human, has retained these traces in
its molecules. Firstly, we present the randomization methodology through two
toy examples, which allow to understand its logic. We then carry out a DNA data
analysis to assess if the group of primates contains phylogenetic information
which links them in a joint evolutionary history. This is carried out by
monitoring a Bayesian measure, called marginal likelihood, which we estimate by
using nested sampling. We found that it would be unusual to get the
relationship observed in the data among these primate species if they had not
shared a common ancestor. The results are in total agreement with the theory of
evolution.
