  This paper provides a systematic survey of retinal diseases that cause visual
impairments or blindness, emphasizing the importance of early detection for
effective treatment. It covers both clinical and automated approaches for
detecting retinal disease, focusing on studies from the past decade. The survey
evaluates various algorithms for identifying structural abnormalities and
diagnosing retinal diseases, and it identifies future research directions based
on a critical analysis of existing literature. This comprehensive study, which
reviews both clinical and automated detection methods using different
modalities, appears to be unique in its scope. Additionally, the survey serves
as a helpful guide for researchers interested in digital retinopathy.
