  Recent years have witnessed a phenomenal growth in the computational
capabilities and applications of GPUs. However, this trend has also led to
dramatic increase in their power consumption. This paper surveys research works
on analyzing and improving energy efficiency of GPUs. It also provides a
classification of these techniques on the basis of their main research idea.
Further, it attempts to synthesize research works which compare energy
efficiency of GPUs with other computing systems, e.g. FPGAs and CPUs. The aim
of this survey is to provide researchers with knowledge of state-of-the-art in
GPU power management and motivate them to architect highly energy-efficient
GPUs of tomorrow.
