  Secure email is increasingly being touted as usable by novice users, with a
push for adoption based on recent concerns about government surveillance. To
determine whether secure email is for grassroots adoption, we employ a
laboratory user study that recruits pairs of novice to install and use several
of the latest systems to exchange secure messages. We present quantitative and
qualitative results from 25 pairs of novice users as they use Pwm, Tutanota,
and Virtru. Participants report being more at ease with this type of study and
better able to cope with mistakes since both participants are "on the same
page". We find that users prefer integrated solutions over depot-based
solutions, and that tutorials are important in helping first-time users. Hiding
the details of how a secure email system provides security can lead to a lack
of trust in the system. Participants expressed a desire to use secure email,
but few wanted to use it regularly and most were unsure of when they might use
it.
