  The emerging paradigm of interconnected microgrids advocates energy trading
or sharing among multiple microgrids. It helps make full use of the temporal
availability of energy and diversity in operational costs when meeting various
energy loads. However, energy trading might not completely absorb excess
renewable energy. A multi-energy management framework including fuel cell
vehicles, energy storage, combined heat and power system, and renewable energy
is proposed, and the characteristics and scheduling arrangements of fuel cell
vehicles are considered to further improve the local absorption of the
renewable energy and enhance the economic benefits of microgrids. While
intensive research has been conducted on energy scheduling and trading problem,
a fundamental question still remains unanswered on microgrid economics. Namely,
due to multi-energy coupling, stochastic renewable energy generation and
demands, when and how a microgrid should schedule and trade energy with others,
which maximizes its long-term benefit. This paper designs a joint energy
scheduling and trading algorithm based on Lyapunov optimization and a
double-auction mechanism. Its purpose is to determine the valuations of energy
in the auction, optimally schedule energy distribution, and strategically
purchase and sell energy with the current electricity prices. Simulations based
on real data show that each individual microgrid, under the management of the
proposed algorithm, can achieve a time-averaged profit that is arbitrarily
close to an optimum value, while avoiding compromising its own comfort.
