  Natural selection imply that any organisms including human being will evolve
to improve its fitness advantage and the selected genotype or phenotype in
equilibrium state will not vary over the time. However, evolutionary process of
biological organisms in reality is greatly affected by the environmental change
and historical accidents. In this research, we construct a co-evolutionary
system to investigate the impact of species-environment feedback. When we talk
about an invasion species or mutation, positive feedback is detrimental to the
success of the invasion because positive feedback benefits a large number of
individuals, whereas negative feedback benefits the invasion because negative
feedback disadvantages a large number of individuals. In the case of a
competition between two species with initially equal numbers of individuals,
both positive and negative feedback will favor the species with low fitness,
increasing its chances of taking over the whole population. The reason for this
is that feedback allows initially inferior species to have greater fitness than
initially dominating species in the early stages, emphasizing the importance of
early random accident. Our findings emphasize the significance of the
evolutionary path driven by species-environment feedback.
