  An algorithm for robust initial orbit determination (IOD) under perturbed
orbital dynamics is presented. By leveraging map inversion techniques defined
in the algebra of Taylor polynomials, this tool returns a highly accurate
solution to the IOD problem and estimates a range centered on the
aforementioned solution in which the true orbit should lie. To meet the
specified accuracy requirements, automatic domain splitting is used to wrap the
IOD routines and ensure that the local truncation error, introduced by a
polynomial representation of the state estimate, remains below a predefined
threshold. The algorithm is presented for three types of ground-based sensors,
namely range radars, Doppler-only radars, and optical telescopes, by
considering their different constraints in terms of available measurements and
sensor noise. Finally, the improvement in performance with respect to a
Keplerian-based IOD solution is demonstrated using large-scale numerical
simulations over a subset of tracked objects in low Earth orbit.
