  There is a growing consensus in HCI and AI research that the design of AI
systems needs to engage and empower stakeholders who will be affected by AI.
However, the manner in which stakeholders should participate in AI design is
unclear. This workshop paper aims to ground what we dub a 'participatory turn'
in AI design by synthesizing existing literature on participation and through
empirical analysis of its current practices via a survey of recent published
research and a dozen semi-structured interviews with AI researchers and
practitioners. Based on our literature synthesis and empirical research, this
paper presents a conceptual framework for analyzing participatory approaches to
AI design and articulates a set of empirical findings that in ensemble detail
out the contemporary landscape of participatory practice in AI design. These
findings can help bootstrap a more principled discussion on how PD of AI should
move forward across AI, HCI, and other research communities.
