  Bogoliubov quasiparticles play a crucial role in understanding the behavior
of a superconductor, and in achieving reliable operations of superconducting
quantum circuits. Diagnosis of quasiparticle poisoning at the nanoscale
provides invaluable benefits in designing superconducting qubits. Here, we use
scanning tunneling noise microscopy to locally quantify quasiparticles by
measuring the effective charge. Using the vortex lattice as a model system, we
directly visualize the spatial variation of the quasiparticle concentration
around superconducting vortices, which can be described within the
Ginzburg-Landau framework. This shows a direct, noninvasive approach for the
atomic-scale detection of relative quasiparticle concentration as small as 10-4
in various superconducting qubit systems. Our results alert of a quick increase
in quasiparticle concentration with decreasing intervortex distance in
vortex-based Majorana qubits.
