  Over the past few decades, there has been a rapid improvement in
computational power as well as techniques to simulate the real world phenomenon
which has enabled us to understand the physics and develop new systems which
outperform the existing ones. In the domain of multi-physics problems, fluid
and structure interactions have been studied and various numerical methods are
introduced to solve them. An extensive review of most commonly employed
numerical techniques to solve fluid structure interaction(FSI) problems has
been done in this article. It also becomes utmost important to understand the
applicability of each method and hence a critical reasoning for usage of
different methods has been provided. Application domains are presented which
range from energy harvesting processes to simulation of human vocal cords and
movement of bolus(food) inside esophagus. Suitable numerical methods applied
for each application have also been discussed. Numerical methods developed so
far are classified in particular groups based on the discretization, the manner
in which coupling is performed and on the basis of meshing(division of entire
domain into small blocks inside which variation of a variable is approximated).
Challenges and instabilities posed by presently available numerical methods are
discussed and potential applications where there is a possibility of errors due
to these methods have been listed. A brief set of application areas which have
not been explored through the lens of fluid structure interaction also have
been discussed at the end of this article.
