  Intelligence is a fundamental part of all living things, as well as the
foundation for Artificial Intelligence. In this primer we explore the ideas
associated with intelligence and, by doing so, understand the implications and
constraints and potentially outline the capabilities of future systems.
Artificial Intelligence, in the form of Machine Learning, has already had a
significant impact on our lives. As an exploration, we journey into different
parts of intelligence that appear essential. We hope that people find this
helpful in determining the future. Also, during the exploration, we hope to
create new thought-provoking questions. Intelligence is not a single weighable
quantity but a subject that spans Biology, Physics, Philosophy, Cognitive
Science, Neuroscience, Psychology, and Computer Science. The historian Yuval
Noah Harari pointed out that engineers and scientists in the future will have
to broaden their understandings to include disciplines such as Psychology,
Philosophy, and Ethics. Fiction writers have long portrayed engineers and
scientists as deficient in these areas. Today, in modern society, the emergence
of Artificial Intelligence and legal requirements act as forcing functions to
push these broader subjects into the foreground. We start with an introduction
to intelligence and move quickly to more profound thoughts and ideas. We call
this a Life, the Universe, and Everything primer, after the famous science
fiction book by Douglas Adams. Forty-two may be the correct answer, but what
are the questions?
