  The problem under consideration in this thesis has, actually, two aspects.
The first one concerns the case when a nucleon is in free space that is in
vacuum, while the second one studies a nucleon embedded into a nuclear
environment. Both of these two aspects have been considered in the framework of
chiral topological models of QCD. The whole content of the thesis may be
divided into two main parts. In the first part the original Skyrme model with
finite pion mass has been extended by inclusion of the light scalar - isoscalar
sigma - meson. The Lagrangian has been further extended by explicit inclusion
of sigma, rho and omega - mesons as well. In order to get a more complete
picture of NN potential the appropriate meson - nucleon vertex form - factors
are obtained. The second part of the thesis considers a nucleon immersed into a
nuclear medium. For this purpose a medium modified Skyrme Lagrangian has been
proposed. The Lagrangian describes well such well known medium effects as
decreasing of nucleon mass and increasing of its size (swelling). We studied
also a system with finite temperature also. The temperature effects are taken
into account by using the method of termofield dynamics (TFD). The
corresponding critical temperatures for each meson - nucleon system are
calculated .
