  The multi-spacecraft missions (Cluster and THEMIS) observations allowed to
collect large data base for Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves properties, their
localization, and sources. Mainly here we focused on these recent results.
Studying of the source and characteristics of ULF waves can help in the
understanding of the interaction and energy transport from solar wind to the
magnetosphere. Here we present peculiarities of ULF waves generated by
different solar wind phenomenon: surface magnetopause instability,
magnetosphere cavity modes and solar wind dynamic pressure sudden impulses (SI)
penetration into the magnetosphere. Permanent observations of ULF waves involve
existence of the permanent source and, as the previous studies showed, the
contributions to Pc4-Pc5 ULF wave power from the external sources are larger
than the contribution from internal magnetosphere sources. The Kelvin-Helmholtz
instability (KHI) can generate on the magnetosphere flanks classical ULF
resonant waves with spatially localized amplitude maximum. As observations show
the constraint satisfaction of KHI development is quite rare. SI in solar wind
dynamic pressure generate ULF waves with different polarization and frequency
close to the frequency of the local field line resonance (FLR). Wide range of
temporal and amplitude characteristics of solar wind dynamics can generate
magnetosphere cavity modes and magnetosonic perturbations which penetrate
through the magnetosphere and can couple with the local FLR modes. The observed
dependence of ULF waves properties on their localization are well correspond to
these sources and their occurrence.
