  Vaccination campaigns have saved thousands of lives, reaching the farthest
places in the world. These campaigns have required substantial investments and
accurate coordination between several actors within the vaccine supply chain.
Despite these successful strategies, the outbreak of COVID-19 has altered the
objectives and rules of undertaking vaccine campaigns. Then, it is essential to
consider two new facts in planning vaccination campaigns. First, some groups of
infected people by the virus are more vulnerable to severe illness. Second, the
virus is exceptionally contagious; sometimes, no symptoms are apparent.
Accordingly, we propose a bi-objective optimization model that allows
healthcare decision-makers to design effective vaccination campaigns by
considering these COVID-19 characteristics and controlling the associated
costs. Careful utilization of temporary and traditional vaccination centers is
crucial to creating a more robust strategy. Located in suitable places,
temporary centers help increase the probability of reaching groups difficult to
be vaccinated while simultaneously avoiding crowd congestion and reducing the
risk of spreading infections in dispensing vaccination centers. Experiments
were conducted using data from an area in Santiago, Chile. The results show the
model allows us to manage the resources by providing a variety of vaccination
plans according to the prioritization level of each objective.
