  There are three major axes to describe the evolution of galaxies, namely,
time (redshift), space (environment) and mass (stellar mass). In this article,
one topic each will be presented along these axes. (1) Based on the Subaru
wide-field (30') optical imaging of two distant clusters (z=0.55 and 0.83), we
show the large scale structures in galaxy distributions on a scale greater than
10Mpc, which serve as an evidence for hierarchical growth of rich clusters of
galaxies through assembly of surrounding groups. (2) Based on the deep NIR
imaging of high-z clusters at z~1 and 1.5, we show massive galaxies in clusters
have assembled most of their mass by z=1.5, which is earlier than the
hierarchical model predictions. (3) Based on the Subaru deep and wide optical
imaging of Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey Field, we show a deficit of red and
faint galaxies and a lack of blue massive galaxies in the high density regions
at z~1, which suggest down-sizing in galaxy formation as apparently opposed to
the CDM-based bottom-up scenario.
