  The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat,
work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where
fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. These lecture notes
provide an introduction to the thermodynamics of small quantum systems. It is
illustrated how the laws of thermodynamics emerge from quantum theory and how
open quantum systems can be modeled by Markovian master equations. Quantum
systems that are designed to perform a certain task, such as cooling or
generating entanglement are considered. Finally, the effect of fluctuations on
the thermodynamic description is discussed.
