  Some such as Dean (2014) suggest that Montague's paradox requires the
necessitation rule, and that the use of the rule in such a context is
contentious. But here, I show that the paradox arises independently of the
necessitation rule. A derivation of the paradox is given in modal system T
without deploying necessitation; a necessitation-free derivation is also
formulated in a significantly weaker system.
