  Quantum advantage, benchmarking the computational power of quantum machines
outperforming all classical computers in a specific task, represents a crucial
milestone in developing quantum computers and has been driving different
physical implementations since the concept was proposed. Boson sampling
machine, an analog quantum computer that only requires multiphoton interference
and single-photon detection, is considered to be a promising candidate to reach
this goal. However, the probabilistic nature of photon sources and inevitable
loss in evolution network make the execution time exponentially increasing with
the problem size. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a timestamp
boson sampling that can reduce the execution time by 2 orders of magnitude for
any problem size. We theoretically show that the registration time of sampling
events can be retrieved to reconstruct the probability distribution at an
extremely low-flux rate. By developing a time-of-flight storage technique with
a precision up to picosecond level, we are able to detect and record the
complete time information of 30 individual modes out of a large-scale 3D
photonic chip. We successfully validate boson sampling with only one registered
event. We show that it is promptly applicable to fill the remained gap of
realizing quantum advantage by timestamp boson sampling. The approach
associated with newly exploited resource from time information can boost all
the count-rate-limited experiments, suggesting an emerging field of timestamp
quantum optics.
