  This article is a prologue to the article "Why Markets are Inefficient: A
Gambling 'Theory' of Financial Markets for Practitioners and Theorists." It
presents important background for that article --- why gambling is important,
even necessary, for real-world traders --- the reason for the superiority of
the strategic/gambling approach to the competing market ideologies of market
fundamentalism and the scientific approach --- and its potential to uncover
profitable trading systems. Much of this article was drawn from Chapter 1 of
the book "The Strategic Analysis of Financial Markets (in 2 volumes)" World
Scientific, 2017.
