  This paper investigates the performance limits of differential power
processing (DPP) and presents quantitative and systematic design guidelines for
the selection and comparison of DPP topologies. A stochastic model is developed
to evaluate the expected power losses of a variety of DPP topologies with
probabilistic load distribution. The expected losses of several DPP topologies
are derived and compared against traditional dc-dc converters to reveal their
performance limits. The impacts of the load distribution and load scale on the
expected losses are investigated. The theoretical models are verified with
SPICE simulations and experimental results.
