  Currently, a major concern is the insufficient level of safety offered by
commercial automated vehicles and/or services such self-driving vehicles,
self-driving trucks, and robotaxis. Unfortunately, stakeholders do not agree on
definitions and characterizations of what is meant by safety of automated
vehicles including how to measure it and how to design for it. This paper sheds
some light into the answers to important questions about the safety of
automated vehicles. In addition, we identify rigor as a significant missing
requirement in the current literature, we also provide a discussion of rigor in
the design, development, and commercialization of automated vehicles.
Furthermore, we discuss software tool requirements at the organizational level
to support a rigorous approach for the analysis, design, and commercialization
of automated vehicles. An ALM tool, EwQIMS, is introduced emphasizing its
rigorous features of its functional safety module that implements much of the
ISO 26262 standard.
