  Battery management systems (BMS) are becoming increasingly important in the
modern age, where clean energy awareness is getting more prominent. They are
responsible for controlling large battery packs in modern electric vehicles.
However, conventional solutions rely only on a wired design, which adds
manufacturing cost and complexity. Recent research has considered wireless
solutions for the BMS. However, it is still challenging to develop a solution
that considers both the active in-vehicle and the external second-life
applications. The battery passport initiative aims to keep track of the
batteries, both during active and inactive use cases. There is a need to
provide a secure design while considering energy and cost-efficient solutions.
We aim to fill this gap by proposing a wireless solution based on near-field
communication (NFC) that extends previous work and provides a unified
architecture for both use cases. To provide protection against common wireless
threats, an advanced security analysis is performed, as well as a system design
analysis for the wake-up process that reduces the daily power consumption of
the stored battery packs from milli- to microwatts.
