  This chapter provides a tutorial that the reader can follow towards analyzing
discounting data. Previous chapters have already described the breadth of
outcomes associated with discounting (Odum et al. 2020) and other background
information (Odum 2011). We focus on delay discounting, where indifference
points describe the value of a delayed reward that a participant would be
willing to accept in order to have the reward immediately for a variety of
delays. This chapter describes the two-stage approach to analyzing discounting
data, as this is the simplest approach that is also statistically defensible.
The two-stage approach first quantifies the discounting rate of each
participant individually, and second stage analyzes these rates as a function
of relevant variables (e.g., between smokers and non-smokers)
