  Massive bosons, such as light scalars and vector bosons, can lead to
instabilities of rotating black holes by the superradiance effect, which
extracts energy and angular momentum from rapidly-rotating black holes
effectively. This process results in spinning-down of black holes and the
formation of boson clouds around them. In this work, we used the masses and
spins of supermassive black holes measured from the ultraviolet/optical or
X-ray observations to constrain the model parameters of the light bosons. We
find that the mass range of light bosons from $10^{-22}$ eV to $10^{-17}$ eV
can be largely excluded by a set of supermassive black holes (including also
the extremely massive ones OJ 287, Ton 618 and SDSS J140821.67+025733.2),
particularly for the vector boson scenario, which eliminates a good fraction of
the so-called fuzzy dark matter parameter regions. For the scalar bosons with
self-interaction, most part of the mass range from $\sim 3 \times 10^{-19}$ eV
to $10^{-17}$ eV with a decay constant $f_a > 10^{15}$ GeV can be excluded,
which convincingly eliminate the QCD axions at these masses.
