  This paper proposes a method to estimate the locations of grid handles in
free-form deformation (FFD) while preserving the local shape characteristics of
the 2D/3D input model embedded into the grid, named locality-preserving FFD
(lp-FFD). Users first specify some vertex locations in the input model and grid
handle locations. The system then optimizes all locations of grid handles by
minimizing the distortion of the input model's mesh elements. The proposed
method is fast and stable, allowing the user to directly and indirectly make
the deformed shape of mesh model and grid. This paper shows some examples of
deformation results to demonstrate the robustness of our lp-FFD. In addition,
we conducted a user study and confirm our lp-FFD's efficiency and effectiveness
in shape deformation is higher than those of existing methods used in
commercial software.
