  The new element of theory of galaxy formation, strong primordial
inhomogeneities, is shown to be a reflection of unstable large scale structures
of topological defects, created in second order phase transitions in the
inflationary Universe. In addition to {\it archioles-like} large scale
correlation of the primordial inhomogeneity of energy density of coherent
scalar field oscillations, the same mechanism, based on the second order phase
transitions on the inflational stage and the domain wall formation upon the end
of inflation, leads to the formation of massive black hole clusters that can
serve as nuclei for the future galaxies. The number of black holes with $M \sim
100M_{\odot}$ and above is comparable with the number of galaxies within the
modern cosmological horizon. The primordial fractal structure of galaxies can
find natural grounds in the framework of model we developed . The proposed
approach offers the physical basis for new scenarios of galaxy formation in the
Big Bang Universe.
