  Neutrino oscillation experiments at accelerator energies aim to establish
charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector by measuring the
energy-dependent rate of $\nu_e$ appearance and $\nu_\mu$ disappearance in a
$\nu_\mu$ beam. These experiments can precisely measure $\nu_\mu$ cross
sections at near detectors, but $\nu_e$ cross sections are poorly constrained
and require theoretical inputs. In particular, quantum electrodynamics
radiative corrections are different for electrons and muons. These corrections
are proportional to the small quantum electrodynamics coupling $\alpha \approx
1/137$; however, the large separation of scales between the neutrino energy and
the proton mass ($\sim{\rm GeV}$), and the electron mass and soft-photon
detection thresholds ($\sim{\rm MeV}$) introduces large logarithms in the
perturbative expansion. The resulting flavor differences exceed the
percent-level experimental precision and depend on nonperturbative hadronic
structure. We establish a factorization theorem for exclusive charged-current
(anti)neutrino scattering cross sections representing them as a product of two
factors. The first factor is flavor universal; it depends on hadronic and
nuclear structure and can be constrained by high-statistics $\nu_\mu$ data. The
second factor is non-universal and contains logarithmic enhancements, but can
be calculated exactly in perturbation theory. For charged-current elastic
scattering, we demonstrate the cancellation of uncertainties in the predicted
ratio of $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ cross sections. We point out the potential
impact of non-collinear energetic photons and the distortion of the visible
lepton spectra and provide precise predictions for inclusive observables.
