  Over the past decades, quantum technology has seen consistent progress, with
notable recent developments in the field of quantum computers. Traditionally,
this trend has been primarily seen as a serious risk for cryptography; however,
a positive aspect of quantum technology should also be stressed. In this
regard, viewing this technology as a resource for honest parties rather than
adversaries, it may enhance not only the security, but also the performance of
specific cryptographic schemes. While considerable effort has been devoted to
the design of quantum-resistant and quantum-enhanced schemes, little effort has
been made to understanding their physical security. Physical security deals
with the design and implementation of security measures fulfilling the
practical requirements of cryptographic primitives, which are equally essential
for classic and quantum ones. This survey aims to draw greater attention to the
importance of physical security, with a focus on secure key generation and
storage as well as secure execution. More specifically, the possibility of
performing side-channel analysis in the quantum world is discussed and compared
to attacks launched in the classic world. Besides, proposals for quantum random
number generation and quantum physically unclonable functions are compared to
their classic counterparts and further analyzed to give a better understanding
of their features, advantages, and shortcomings. Finally, seen from these three
perspectives, this survey provides an outlook for future research in this
direction.
