  A consensus mechanism is proposed to facilitate radio spectrum sharing with
accountability in a network of multiple operators, a subset of which may even
be adversarial. A distributed ledger is used to securely record and keep track
of the state of consensus on spectrum usage, including interference incidents
and the corresponding responsible parties. A key challenge is that the
operators generally do not have initial agreement due to noise in their analog
measurements. To meet this challenge, two categories of spectrum-sharing
solutions are studied in detail. The first category employs an exact Byzantine
fault tolerant (BFT) agreement model; the second category utilizes an
approximate BFT agreement model. This paper also delves into the application of
consensus protocols to the specific context of low Earth orbit (LEO)
non-geostationary satellite networks, also known as mega-constellations.
