  In this work we substantiate the applying of the Helmholtz vector
decomposition theorem (H-theorem) to vector fields in classical
electrodynamics. Using the H-theorem, within the framework of the two-parameter
Lorentz-like gauge (so called v-gauge), we show that two kinds of magnetic
vector potentials exist: one of them (solenoidal) can act exclusively with the
velocity of light c and the other one (irrotational) with an arbitrary finite
velocity $v$ (including a velocity more than c . We show also that the
irrotational component of the electric field has a physical meaning and can
propagate exclusively instantaneously.
