  Graphene can support surface plasmons with higher confinement, lower
propagation loss, and substantially more tunable response compared to usual
metal-based plasmonic structures. Interestingly, plasmons in graphene can
strongly couple with nanostructures and gratings placed in its vicinity to form
new hybrid systems that can provide a platform to investigate more complicated
plasmonic phenomena. In this Perspective, an analysis on the excitation of
highly confined graphene plasmons and their strong coupling with metallic or
dielectric gratings is performed. We emphasize the flexibility in the efficient
control of light-matter interaction by these new hybrid systems, benefiting
from the interplay between graphene plasmons and other external resonant modes.
The hybrid graphene-plasmon grating systems offer unique tunable plasmonic
resonances with enhanced field distributions. They exhibit a novel route to
realize practical emerging applications, including nonreciprocal devices,
plasmonic switches, perfect absorbers, nonlinear structures, photodetectors,
and optical sensors.
