  Spin manipulation is one of the most critical challenges to realize
spin-based logic devices and spintronic circuits. Graphene has been heralded as
an ideal material to achieve spin manipulation but so far new paradigms and
demonstrators are limited. Here we show that certain impurities such as
fluorine ad-atoms, which locally break sublattice symmetry without the
formation of strong magnetic moment, could result in a remarkable variability
of spin transport characteristics. The impurity resonance level is found to be
associated with a long range sublattice pseudospin polarization, which by
locally decoupling spin and pseudospin dynamics, provokes a huge spin lifetime
electron-hole asymmetry. In the dilute impurity limit, spin lifetimes could be
tuned electrostatically from hundred picoseconds to several nanoseconds,
providing a protocol to chemically engineer an unprecedented spin device
functionality.
