  Molecular processes of neuronal learning have been well-described. However,
learning mechanisms of non-neuronal cells have not been fully understood at the
molecular level. Here, we discuss molecular mechanisms of cellular learning,
including conformational memory of intrinsically disordered proteins and
prions, signaling cascades, protein translocation, RNAs (microRNA and lncRNA),
and chromatin memory. We hypothesize that these processes constitute the
learning of signaling networks and correspond to a generalized Hebbian learning
process of single, non-neuronal cells, and discuss how cellular learning may
open novel directions in drug design and inspire new artificial intelligence
methods.
