  Comparing the results for preference attainment, self-perceived influence and
reputational influence, this paper analyzes the relationship between financial
resources and lobbying influence. The empirical analysis builds on data from an
original survey with 312 Swiss energy policy stakeholders combined with
document data from multiple policy consultation submission processes. The
results show that the distribution of influence varies substantially depending
on the measure. While financial resources for political purposes predict
influence across all measures, the relationship is positive only for some. An
analysis of indirect effects sheds light on the potential mechanisms that
translate financial resources into influence.
