  The long-distance detection of the presence of elephants is pivotal to
addressing the human-elephant conflict. IoT-based solutions utilizing seismic
signals originating from the movement of elephants are a novel approach to
solving this problem. This study introduces an instrumentation system
comprising a specially designed geophone-sensor interface for non-invasive,
long-range elephant detection using seismic waves while minimizing the
vulnerability of seismic signals to noise. The geophone-sensor interface
involves a cascade array of an instrumentation amplifier, a second-order
Butterworth filter for signal filtering, and a signal amplifier. The introduced
geophone-sensor interface was tested under laboratory conditions, and then
real-world experiments were carried out for tamed, partly tamed, and untamed
elephants. The experimental results reveal that the system remains stable
within the tested frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 kHz and the temperature range
of 10C to 40C. The system successfully captured the seismic signals generated
by the footfalls of elephants within a maximum detection range of 155.6 m, with
an overall detection accuracy of 99.5%.
