  Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most discussed technologies today.
There are many innovative applications such as the diagnosis and treatment of
cancer, customer experience, new business, education, contagious diseases
propagation and optimization of the management of humanitarian catastrophes.
However, with all those opportunities also comes great responsibility to ensure
good and fair practice of AI. The objective of this paper is to identify the
main societal and ethical challenges implied by a massive uptake of AI. We have
surveyed the literature for the most common challenges and classified them in
seven groups: 1) Non-desired effects, 2) Liability, 3) Unknown consequences, 4)
Relation people-robots, 5) Concentration of power and wealth, 6) Intentional
bad uses, and 7) AI for weapons and warfare. The challenges should be dealt
with in different ways depending on their origin; some have technological
solutions, while others require ethical, societal, or political answers.
Depending on the origin, different stakeholders might need to act. Whatever the
identified stakeholder, not treating those issues will lead to uncertainty and
unforeseen consequences with potentially large negative societal impact,
hurting especially the most vulnerable groups of societies. Technology is
helping to take better decisions, and AI is promoting data-driven decisions in
addition to experience- and intuition-based discussion, with many improvements
happening. However, the negative side effects of this technology need to be
well understood and acted upon before we launch them massively into the world.
