  Non-ionizing energy loss causes bulk damage to the silicon sensors of the
ATLAS pixel and strip detectors. This damage has important implications for
data-taking operations, charged-particle track reconstruction, detector
simulations, and physics analysis. This paper presents simulations and
measurements of the leakage current in the ATLAS pixel detector and
semiconductor tracker as a function of location in the detector and time, using
data collected in Run 1 (2010-2012) and Run 2 (2015-2018) of the Large Hadron
Collider. The extracted fluence shows a much stronger |z|-dependence in the
innermost layers than is seen in simulation. Furthermore, the overall fluence
on the second innermost layer is significantly higher than in simulation, with
better agreement in layers at higher radii. These measurements are important
for validating the simulation models and can be used in part to justify safety
factors for future detector designs and interventions.
