  The COVID-19 pandemic of 2021 led to a worldwide health crisis that was
accompanied by an infodemic. A group of 12 social media personalities, dubbed
the ``Disinformation Dozen", were identified as key in spreading disinformation
regarding the COVID-19 virus, treatments, and vaccines. This study focuses on
the spread of disinformation propagated by this group on Telegram, a mobile
messaging and social media platform. After segregating users into three groups
-- the Disinformation Dozen, bots, and humans --, we perform an investigation
with a dataset of Telegram messages from January to June 2023, comparatively
analyzing temporal, topical, and network features. We observe that the
Disinformation Dozen are highly involved in the initial dissemination of
disinformation but are not the main drivers of the propagation of
disinformation. Bot users are extremely active in conversation threads, while
human users are active propagators of information, disseminating posts between
Telegram channels through the forwarding mechanism.
