  Scandium fluoride (ScF3) belongs to a class of negative thermal expansion
(NTE) materials. It shows a strong lattice contraction up to about 1000 K
switching to expansion at higher temperatures. Here the NTE effect in ScF3 is
studied in the temperature range from 300 K to 1600 K using ab initio molecular
dynamics (AIMD) simulations in the isothermal-isobaric (NpT) ensemble. The
temperature dependence of the lattice constant, inter-atomic Sc-F-Sc bond angle
distributions and the Sc-F and Sc-Sc radial distribution functions is obtained
as a function of supercell size from 2a x 2a x 2a to 5a x 5a x 5a where a is
the lattice parameter of ScF3. A comparison with the experimental Sc K-edge
EXAFS data at 600 K is used to validate the accuracy of the AIMD simulations.
Our results suggest that the AIMD calculations are able to reproduce
qualitatively the NTE effect in ScF3, however a supercell size larger than 2a x
2a x 2a should be used to account accurately for dynamic disorder. The origin
of the NTE in ScF3 is explained by the interplay between expansion and rotation
of ScF6 octahedra.
