  Plenoptic cameras use arrays of micro-lenses to capture multiple views of the
same scene in a single compound image. They enable refocusing on different
planes and depth estimation. However, until now, all types of plenoptic
computational imaging have been limited to visible light. We demonstrate an
x-ray plenoptic microscope that uses a concentrating micro-capillary array
instead of a micro-lens array and can simultaneously acquire from one hundred
to one thousand x-ray projections of imaged volumes that are located in the
focal spot region of the micro-capillary array. Hence, tomographic slices at
various depths near the focal plane can be reconstructed in a way similar to
tomosynthesis, but from a single x-ray exposure. The microscope enables
depth-resolved imaging of small subvolumes in large samples and can be used for
imaging of weakly absorbing artificial and biological objects by means of
propagation phase-contrast.
