  Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can provide many beneficial capabilities
but also risks of adverse events. Some AI systems could present risks of events
with very high or catastrophic consequences at societal scale. The US National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been developing the NIST
Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) as voluntary
guidance on AI risk assessment and management for AI developers and others. For
addressing risks of events with catastrophic consequences, NIST indicated a
need to translate from high level principles to actionable risk management
guidance.
  In this document, we provide detailed actionable-guidance recommendations
focused on identifying and managing risks of events with very high or
catastrophic consequences, intended as a risk management practices resource for
NIST for AI RMF version 1.0 (released in January 2023), or for AI RMF users, or
for other AI risk management guidance and standards as appropriate. We also
provide our methodology for our recommendations.
  We provide actionable-guidance recommendations for AI RMF 1.0 on: identifying
risks from potential unintended uses and misuses of AI systems; including
catastrophic-risk factors within the scope of risk assessments and impact
assessments; identifying and mitigating human rights harms; and reporting
information on AI risk factors including catastrophic-risk factors.
  In addition, we provide recommendations on additional issues for a roadmap
for later versions of the AI RMF or supplementary publications. These include:
providing an AI RMF Profile with supplementary guidance for cutting-edge
increasingly multi-purpose or general-purpose AI.
  We aim for this work to be a concrete risk-management practices contribution,
and to stimulate constructive dialogue on how to address catastrophic risks and
associated issues in AI standards.
