  In radiation damage cascade displacement spikes ions and electrons can reach
very high temperatures and be out of thermal equilibrium. Correct modelling of
cascades with molecular dynamics should allow for the non-adiabatic exchange of
energy between ions and electrons using a consistent model for the electronic
stopping, electronic temperature rise, and thermal conduction by the electrons.
We present a scheme for correcting embedded atom potentials for these
non-adiabatic properties at the level of the second-moment approximation, and
parameterize for the bcc transition metals above the Debye temperature. We use
here the Finnis-Sinclair and Derlet-Nguyen-Manh-Dudarev potentials as models
for the bonding, but the corrections derived from them can be applied to any
suitable empirical potential.
