  Plants live in constantly moving fluid, whether air or water. In response to
the loads associated with fluid motion, plants bend and twist, often with great
amplitude. These large deformations are not found in traditional engineering
application and thus necessitate new specialised scientific developments.
Studying Fluid-Structure Interactions (FSI) in botany, forestry and
agricultural science is crucial to the optimisation of biomass production for
food, energy, and construction materials. FSI are also central in the study of
the ecological adaptation of plants to their environment. This review paper
surveys the mechanics of FSI on individual plants. We present a short refresher
on fluids mechanics then dive in the statics and dynamics of plant-fluid
interactions. For every phenomenon considered, we present the appropriate
dimensionless numbers to characterise the problem, discuss the implications of
these phenomena on biological processes, and propose future research avenues.
We cover the concept of reconfiguration while considering poroelasticity,
torsion, chirality, buoyancy, and skin friction. We also cover the dynamical
phenomena of wave action, flutter, and vortex-induced vibrations.
