  Experimental demonstrations of 1D van der Waals material tellurium have been
presented by Raman spectroscopy under strain and magneto-transport. Raman
spectroscopy measurements have been performed under strains along different
principle axes. Pronounced strain response along c-axis is observed due to the
strong intra-chain covalent bonds, while no strain response is obtained along
a-axis due to the weak inter-chain van der Waals interaction. Magneto-transport
results further verify its anisotropic property, resulting in dramatically
distinct magneto-resistance behaviors in terms of three different magnetic
field directions. Specifically, phase coherence length extracted from weak
antilocalization effect, L$_{\Phi}$ ~ T$^{-0.5}$, claims its 2D transport
characteristics when an applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the thin
film. In contrast, L$_{\Phi}$ ~ T$^{-0.33}$ is obtained from universal
conductance fluctuations once the magnetic field is along c-axis of Te,
indicating its nature of 1D transport along the helical atomic chains. Our
studies, which are obtained on high quality single crystal tellurium thin film,
appear to serve as strong evidences of its 1D van der Waals structure from
experimental perspectives. It is the aim of this paper to address this special
concept that differs from the previous well-studied 1D nanowires or 2D van der
Waals materials.
