  Rising concern for the societal implications of artificial intelligence
systems has inspired demands for greater transparency and accountability.
However the datasets which empower machine learning are often used, shared and
re-used with little visibility into the processes of deliberation which led to
their creation. Which stakeholder groups had their perspectives included when
the dataset was conceived? Which domain experts were consulted regarding how to
model subgroups and other phenomena? How were questions of representational
biases measured and addressed? Who labeled the data? In this paper, we
introduce a rigorous framework for dataset development transparency which
supports decision-making and accountability. The framework uses the cyclical,
infrastructural and engineering nature of dataset development to draw on best
practices from the software development lifecycle. Each stage of the data
development lifecycle yields a set of documents that facilitate improved
communication and decision-making, as well as drawing attention the value and
necessity of careful data work. The proposed framework is intended to
contribute to closing the accountability gap in artificial intelligence
systems, by making visible the often overlooked work that goes into dataset
creation.
