  We propose an impossible trinity of human space usage between home,
workplace, and amenity in this paper to explain mobility pattern changes and
shifts in demand for space during COVID-19. We developed detailed time usage
and location visit profiles for 60,131 people in England and Wales by analyzing
about 120 million cell phone location and timestamp records from March 2020 and
2021. We found that both at-home time and amenity visits increased during
COVID-19, while workplace visits decreased. Individual visits to different
locations are determined by three key factors: individual preference measured
by pre-pandemic location visit frequency, time constraints influenced by
work-from-home, and space accessibility. We also find that WFH improves
equality of individual amenity usage between people of different incomes.
Low-income and middle-income people saw an 8% and 4% increase in additional
amenity visits, respectively, compared to high-income people during the
pandemic.
