  Transformative mobility services present both considerable opportunities and
challenges for urban mobility systems. Increasing attention is being paid to
ridehailing platforms and connections between demand and continuous innovation
in service features; one of these features is dynamic ride-pooling. To
disentangle how ridehailing impacts existing transportation networks and its
ability to support economic vitality and community livability it is essential
to consider the distribution of demand across diverse communities. In this
paper we expand the literature on ridehailing demand by exploring community
variation and spatial dependence in ridehailing use. Specifically, we
investigate the diffusion and role of solo requests versus ride-pooling to shed
light on how different mobility services, with different environmental and
accessibility implications, are used by diverse communities. This paper employs
a Social Disadvantage Index, Transit Access Analysis, and a Spatial Durbin
Model to investigate the influence of both local and spatial spillover effects
on the demand for shared and solo ridehailing. The analysis of 127 million
ridehailing rides, of which 15% are pooled, confirms the presence of spatial
effects. Results indicate that density and vibrancy variables have analogue
effects, both direct and indirect, on demand for solo vs pooled rides. Instead,
our analysis reveals significant contrasting effects for socio-economic
disadvantage, which is positively correlated with ride-pooling and negatively
with solo rides. Additionally, we find that higher rail transit access is
associated with higher demand for both solo and pooled ridehailing along with
substantial spatial spillovers. We discuss implications for policy, operations
and research related to the novel insight on how pooled ridesourcing relate to
geography, living conditions, and transit interactions.
