  Abstract In this work, an 1D electrostatic
hybrid-Particle-in-Cell-Monte-Carlo-Collision (h-PIC-MCC) [13, 14] is used to
study the response of a plasma to a moving, external, charged perturbation
(debris). We show that the so-called pinned solitons can form only under
certain specific conditions through a turbulent regime of the ion-ion
counter-streaming electrostatic instability. In fact, the pinned solitons are
manifestation of the ion phase-space vortices formed around the debris. The
simulation shows that the pinned solitons can form only when the debris
velocity exceeds a certain critical velocity pushing the instability to a
turbulent regime and can then disappear when debris velocity becomes highly
supersonic. We further show the existence of a Kolmogorv-type inverse-cascading
scaling for this electrostatic turbulence.
