  Aims. New or refined methods for determining instantaneous scalar and vector
pattern speeds from a restricted domain are developed, for applications in
N-body simulations or in galaxies.
  Methods. The general feature used throughout follows from the fact that the
time-derivative of a function of the coordinates is linearly proportional to
its rotation rate and its particle velocities. Knowing these allow in general
to retrieve the instantaneous pattern speed vector by linear optimization.
Similarly, if an invariant function depends both on the position and
velocities, then its instantaneous rotation vectors in space can be retrieved.
Knowing the accelerations allows to find rotation in velocity space.
  Results. The first 3 methods are based on the assumed rotational invariance
of functions at each point in space or velocity space:
  1) The 6D invariant function method measuring the pattern speed vectors in
space and velocity space,
  2) The differential/regional 3D Tremaine-Weinberg method evaluated over high
signal to noise ratio regions,
  3) The 3D Jacobi integral method yielding the potential pattern speed.
  Extensions to derive the rotation center position, speed and acceleration are
introduced in 1) and 3). The last 2 methods are based on the assumed invariance
of average functions of the particle coordinates.
  4) The moment of inertia methods by using the derivative of the singular
value decomposition,
  5) The 2D Fourier method (3D for m = 2 mode) giving the mode rotation speeds.
Pattern speed accelerations are also derived in 4) and 5).
  Conclusions. Depending on the available data, the different methods provide a
choice of approaches.
