  The fermion generation puzzle has survived into this century as one of the
great mysteries in particle physics. We consider here a possible solution
within the Standard Model framework based on a nonabelian generalization of
electric-magnetic duality. First, by constructing in loop space a nonabelian
generalization of the abelian dual transform (Hodge *), one finds that a
``magnetic'' symmetry exists also in classical Yang-Mills theory dual to the
original (``electric'') gauge symmetry. Secondly, from a result of 't Hooft's,
one obtains that for confined colour SU(3), the dual symmetry
$\widetilde{SU}(3)$ is spontaneously broken and can play the role of the
``horizontal symmetry'' for generations. Thirdly, such an identification not
only offers an explanation why there should be three and apparently only three
generations of fermions with the remarkable mass and mixing patterns seen in
experiment, but allows even a calculation of the relevant parameters giving
very sensible results. Other testible predictions follow ranging from rare
hadron decays to cosmic ray air showers.
