  In the current study,we propose that, in the era of generative AI, there is
now a new form of literacy called "prompt literacy," which refers to the
ability to generate precise prompts as input for AI systems, interpret the
outputs, and iteratively refine prompts to achieve desired results. To explore
the emergence and development of this literacy skill, the current study
examined 30 EFL students' engagement in an AI-powered image creation project,
through which they created artworks representing the socio-cultural meanings of
English words by iteratively drafting and refining prompts in generative AI
tools. By examining AI-generated images and the participants' drafting and
revision of their prompts, this study demonstrated the emergence of learners'
prompt literacy skills. The survey data further showed the participants'
perceived improvement in their vocabulary learning strategies as a result of
engaging in the target AI-powered project. In addition, the participants'
post-project reflection revealed three benefits of developing prompt literacy:
enjoyment from manifesting imagined outcomes; recognition of its importance for
communication, problem-solving and career development; and the enhanced
understanding of the collaborative nature of human-AI interaction. These
findings suggest that prompt literacy is an increasingly crucial literacy for
the AI era.
