  In this research, multi-physics topology optimization is employed to achieve
the detailed design of a lightweight porous linear actuation mechanism that
harnesses energy through laser activation. A multiscale topology optimization
methodology is introduced for micro- and macroscale design, considering energy
dissipation via heat convection and radiation. This investigation meticulously
considers the impact of heat dissipation mechanisms, including thermal
conduction, convection, and radiation. Through various numerical cases, we
systematically explore the influence of micro-scale considerations on porous
design and understand the effects on the topology optimization process by
incorporating various microstructural systems. The results demonstrate that
porous actuator designs exhibit superior performance compared to solid actuator
designs. This study contributes to advancing the understanding of multiscale
effects in topology optimization, paving the way for more efficient and
lightweight designs in the field of laser-activated porous actuators.
