  Adhesion plays an integral role in diverse biological functions ranging from
cellular transport to tissue development. Estimation of adhesion strength,
therefore, becomes important to gain biophysical insight into these phenomena.
In this Letter, we use curvature elasticity to present non-intuitive, yet
remarkably simple, universal relationships that capture vesicle-substrate
interactions. Our study reveals that the inverse of the height, exponential of
the contact area, and the force required to detach the vesicle from the
substrate vary linearly with the square root of the adhesion energy. These
relationships not only provide efficient strategies to tease out adhesion
energy of biological molecules but can also be used to characterize the
physical properties of elastic biomimetic nanoparticles. We validate the
modeling predictions with experimental data from two previous studies.
