  The ability to cooperate through language is a defining feature of humans. As
the perceptual, motory and planning capabilities of deep artificial networks
increase, researchers are studying whether they also can develop a shared
language to interact. From a scientific perspective, understanding the
conditions under which language evolves in communities of deep agents and its
emergent features can shed light on human language evolution. From an applied
perspective, endowing deep networks with the ability to solve problems
interactively by communicating with each other and with us should make them
more flexible and useful in everyday life.
  This article surveys representative recent language emergence studies from
  both of these two angles.
