  Recently, a lot of effort has been dedicated to developing next-generation
optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional materials, thanks to their
unique optical properties that are significantly different from those of their
bulk counterparts. In order to implement high-performance nanoscale optical
devices, an in-depth study of how linear and non-linear propagation occurs in
two-dimensional materials is required. Here, we focus on the theory behind the
propagation of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional materials as well as
emerging applications in the fields of electronics, optics, sensors, which are
summarized and discussed in the paper.
