  This study probes the effects of Japan's traditional alphabetical
surname-based call system on students' experiences and long-term behavior. It
reveals that early listed surnames enhance cognitive and non-cognitive skill
development. The adoption of mixed-gender lists since the 1980s has amplified
this effect, particularly for females. Furthermore, the study uncovers a strong
correlation between childhood surname order and individuals' intention for
COVID-19 revaccination, while changes in adulthood surnames do not exhibit the
same influence. The implications for societal behaviors and policy are
substantial and wide-ranging.
