  This paper proposes a new concept called virtual inertia scheduling (VIS) to
efficiently handle the high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). VIS
is an inertia management framework that targets security-constrained and
economy-oriented inertia scheduling and generation dispatch of power systems
with a large scale of renewable generations. Specifically, it schedules the
proper power setting points and reserved capacities of both synchronous
generators and IBRs, as well as the control modes and control parameters of
IBRs to provide secure and cost-effective inertia support. First, a uniform
system model is employed to quantify the frequency dynamics of the
IBRs-penetrated power system after disturbances. Based on the model, the
s-domain and time-domain analytical responses of IBRs with inertia support
capability are derived. Then, VIS-based real-time economic dispatch (VIS-RTED)
is formulated to minimize generation and reserve costs, with a full
consideration of dynamic frequency constraints and derived inertia support
reserve constraints. The virtual inertia and damping of IBRs are formulated as
decision variables. To address the non-linearity of dynamic constraints, deep
learning-assisted linearization is employed to solve the optimization problem.
Finally, the proposed VIS-RTED is demonstrated on a modified IEEE 39-bus
system. A full-order time-domain simulation is performed to verify the
scheduling results.
