  In the last decade, the development of Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED)
and Microscopy (UEM) has enabled the imaging of atomic motion in real time and
space. These pivotal table-top tools opened the door for a vast range of
applications in different areas of science spanning chemistry, physics,
materials science, and biology. We first discuss the basic principles and
recent advancements, including some of the important applications, of both UED
and UEM. Then, we discuss the recent advances in the field that have enhanced
the spatial and temporal resolutions, where the latter, however, is still
limited to a few hundreds of femtoseconds, preventing the imaging of ultrafast
dynamics of matter on the scale of several tens of femtoseconds. Then, we
present our new optical gating approach for generating an isolated 30 fs
electron pulse with sufficient intensity to attain a temporal resolution on the
same time scale. This achievement allows, for the first time, imaging the
electron dynamics of matter. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of the
optical gating approach to generate an isolated attosecond electron pulse,
utilizing our recently demonstrated optical attosecond laser pulse, which paves
the way for establishing the field of Attomicroscopy, ultimately enabling us to
image the electron motion in action.
