  An optimization scheme using the Cell-based Smoothed Finite Element Method
(CS-FEM) combined with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) framework is proposed in this
paper to design shape adaptive laminated composite marine propellers. The
proposed scheme utilise the bend-twist coupling characteristics of the
composites to achieve the required performance. An iterative procedure to
evaluate the unloaded shape of the propeller blade is proposed, confirming the
manufacturing requirements at the initial stage. The optimization algorithm and
codes developed in this work were implemented under a variety of parameter
settings and compared against the requirement to achieve an ideally passive
pitch varying propeller. Recommendations for the required thickness of the
propeller blade to achieve optimum bend-twist coupling performance without
resulting large rake deformations are also presented.
