  Implantable Medical Devices (IMD) is a fast pace growing medical field and
continues to grow in the foreseeable future. Advancement in science and
technology has led to the IMD devices offering advanced medical treatments.
Modern IMDs can automatically monitor and manage different patients' health
conditions without any manual intervention from medical professionals. While
IMDs are also becoming more connected to enhance the delivery of care remotely
and provide the means for both patients and physicians to adjust therapy at the
comfort of their homes, it also increases security related concerns.
Adversaries could take advantage and exploit device vulnerabilities to
manipulate device settings remotely from anywhere around the world. This
manuscript reviews the current threats, security goals, and proposed solutions
by comparing them with their strengths and limitations. We also highlight the
emerging IMD technologies and innovative ideas for new designs and
implementations to improve the security of IMDs. Finally, we conclude the
article with future research directions toward securing IMD systems to light
the way for researchers.
