  Whole-cell computational models aim to predict cellular phenotypes from
genotype by representing the entire genome, the structure and concentration of
each molecular species, each molecular interaction, and the extracellular
environment. Whole-cell models have great potential to transform bioscience,
bioengineering, and medicine. However, numerous challenges remain to achieve
whole-cell models. Nevertheless, researchers are beginning to leverage recent
progress in measurement technology, bioinformatics, data sharing, rule-based
modeling, and multi-algorithmic simulation to build the first whole-cell
models. We anticipate that ongoing efforts to develop scalable whole-cell
modeling tools will enable dramatically more comprehensive and more accurate
models, including models of human cells.
