  A blockchain, such as Bitcoin, is an append-only, secure, transparent,
distributed ledger. A fair blockchain is expected to have healthy metrics; high
honest mining power, low processing latency, i.e., low wait times for
transactions and stable price of consumption, i.e., the minimum transaction fee
required to have a transaction processed. As Bitcoin matures, the influx of
transactions increases and the block rewards become insignificant. We show that
under these conditions, it becomes hard to maintain the health of the
blockchain. In Bitcoin, under these mature operating conditions (MOC), the
miners would find it challenging to cover their mining costs as there would be
no more revenue from merely mining a block. It may cause miners not to continue
mining, threatening the blockchain's security. Further, as we show in this
paper using simulations, the cost of acting in favor of the health of the
blockchain, under MOC, is very high in Bitcoin, causing all miners to process
transactions greedily. It leads to stranded transactions, i.e., transactions
offering low transaction fees, experiencing unreasonably high processing
latency. To make matters worse, a compounding effect of these stranded
transactions is the rising price of consumption. Such phenomena not only induce
unfairness as experienced by the miners and the users but also deteriorate the
health of the blockchain.
  We propose BitcoinF transaction processing protocol, a simple, yet highly
effective modification to the existing Bitcoin protocol to fix these issues of
unfairness. BitcoinF resolves these issues of unfairness while preserving the
ability of the users to express urgency and have their transactions
prioritized.
