  Topologically nontrivial states are common in symmetry broken phases at
macroscopic scales. Low dimensional systems bring them to a microscopic level
where solitons emerge as single particles. The earliest and latest applications
are conducting polymers and spin-Peierls chains. After a history introduction,
we shall discuss the topological aspects of elementary excitations, especially
the confinement and the dimensional D crossover. At the 1D level we exploit
results of different exact and approximate techniques in theory of solitons,
for both quantum and semiclassical models, and the related knowledge on
anomalous charges and currents. At higher D the topological requirements for
the combined symmetry originate the spin- or charge- roton like excitations
with charge- or spin- kinks localized in the core. In quasi 1D world they can
be viewed as resulting from a spin-charge recombination due to the 3D
confinement.
