  Over the past 50 years, conventional network routing design has undergone
substantial growth, evolving from small networks with static nodes to large
systems connecting billions of devices. This progress has been achieved through
the separation of concerns principle, which entails integrating network
functionalities into a graph or random network design and employing specific
network protocols to facilitate diverse communication capabilities. This paper
aims to highlight the potential of designing routing techniques for quantum
networks, which exhibit unique properties due to quantum mechanics. Quantum
routing design requires a substantial deviation from conventional network
design protocols since it must account for the unique features of quantum
entanglement and information. However, implementing these techniques poses
significant challenges, such as decoherence and noise in quantum systems,
restricted communication ranges, and highly specialized hardware prerequisites.
The paper commences by examining essential research on quantum routing design
methods and proceeds to cover fundamental aspects of quantum routing,
associated quantum operations, and the steps necessary for building efficient
and robust quantum networks. This paper summarizes the present state of quantum
routing techniques, including their principles, protocols, and challenges,
highlighting potential applications and future directions.
