  We explore economic competitiveness of Indian states based on the economic
complexity algorithm, using a pair of coupled non-linear maps to characterize
the Fitness of states and Complexity of products exported by them. We find that
states produce almost all products within their productive capabilities -
diversifying rather than specializing, and that the probability of coexistence
of any pair of productive capabilities is maximized when capabilities are of
similar complexity. Therefore, states require long time horizons to build
complex capabilities and diverse products. We contextualize Fitness using human
development, and find an emergent typology of states. Of most concern are the
states of Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar, stuck in vicious feedback cycles of
poor economic complexity and low human development. Economic complexity also
reveals significant concerns with the economic trajectories of Punjab, Gujarat,
and West Bengal. We discuss these emergent trends within the framework of
India's modern economic history.
