  Blockchain market value peaked at $3 trillion, fell to $1 trillion, then
recovered to $1.5 trillion and is rising again. Blockchain accounts secure most
on-chain assets in this huge market (Web-12). This paper initiates a universal
blockchain account model from a comprehensive review of blockchain account
development, encompassing both academic and industry perspectives. This paper
uses a model analysis method to analysis the account progress and create high
level new account model. And it uses systematic literature review method to
search, filter, analysis and evaluate the papers about account models and
analyzes related technology trade-offs. Searching with key words: blockchain,
account, private key and security in WOS, Scopus and Bitcoin and Ethereum
community repositories, this research provides in-depth insights into the
design and evaluation of account models, from traditional bank accounts to
Bitcoin, EVM-adaptable, and abstraction accounts. Through data-driven
comparisons of account models (security, cost, adoption), this study also
explores future directions and provides an overview of cross-model account
theory, guiding further blockchain research. This paper leaves deeper dives
into model change drivers, application technology advancements.
