  We present a lattice QCD calculation of the nucleon electric polarizabilities
at the physical pion mass. Our findings reveal the substantial contributions of
the $N\pi$ states to these polarizabilities. Without considering these
contributions, the lattice results fall significantly below the experimental
values, consistent with previous lattice studies. This observation has
motivated us to compute both the parity-negative $N\pi$ scattering up to a
nucleon momentum of $\sim0.5$ GeV in the center-of-mass frame and corresponding
$N\gamma^*\to N\pi$ matrix elements using lattice QCD. Our results confirm that
incorporating dynamic $N\pi$ contributions is crucial for a reliable
determination of the polarizabilities from lattice QCD. This methodology lays
the groundwork for future lattice QCD investigations into various other
polarizabilities.
