  The use of AI in healthcare is designed to improve care delivery and augment
the decisions of providers to enhance patient outcomes. When deployed in
clinical settings, the interaction between providers and AI is a critical
component for measuring and understanding the effectiveness of these digital
tools on broader health outcomes. Even in cases where AI algorithms have high
diagnostic accuracy, healthcare providers often still rely on their experience
and sometimes gut feeling to make a final decision. Other times, providers rely
unquestioningly on the outputs of the AI models, which leads to a concern about
over-reliance on the technology. The purpose of this research was to understand
how reliant drug shop dispensers were on AI-powered technologies when
determining a differential diagnosis for a presented clinical case vignette. We
explored how the drug dispensers responded to technology that is framed as
always correct in an attempt to measure whether they begin to rely on it
without any critical thought of their own. We found that dispensers relied on
the decision made by the AI 25 percent of the time, even when the AI provided
no explanation for its decision.
