  As testified by new regulations like the European AI act, the worries about
the societal impact of (autonomous) software technologies are becoming of
public concern. Social and human values, besides the traditional software
behaviour and quality, are increasingly recognized as important for
sustainability and long-term well-being. In this paper, we identify the macro
and technological challenges and opportunities of present and future digital
systems that should be engineered for humanity. Our specific perspective in
identifying the challenges is to focus on humans and on their role in their
co-existence with digital systems. The first challenge considers humans in a
proactive role when interacting with the digital systems, i.e., taking
initiative in making things happening instead of reacting to events. The second
concerns humans having an active role in the interaction with the digital
systems i.e., on humans that interact with digital systems as a reaction to
events. The third challenge focuses on humans that have a passive role i.e.,
they experience, enjoy or even suffer the decisions and/or actions of digital
systems. Two further transversal challenges are considered: the duality of
trust and trustworthiness and the compliance to legislation that both may
seriously affect the deployment and use of digital systems.
