  Influence theory is a foundational theory of physics that is not based on
traditional empirically defined concepts, such as positions in space and time,
mass, energy, or momentum. Instead, the aim is to derive these concepts, and
their empirically determined relationships, from a more primitive model. It is
postulated that there exist things, which we call particles, that influence one
another in a discrete and directed fashion resulting in a partially ordered set
of influence events. We consider the problem of consistent quantification of
the influence events. Observers are modeled as particle chains (observer
chains) as if an observer were able to track a particle and quantify the
influence events that the particle experiences. From these quantified influence
events, we study consistent quantification of the universe of events based on
the observer chains. In this paper, we both review and further develop the
kinematics and dynamics of particles from the perspective of influence theory.
