  In this paper, we present two years of high-resolution nitrous oxide ($N_2O$)
measurements for time series modeling and forecasting in wastewater treatment
plants (WWTP). The dataset comprises frequent, real-time measurements from a
full-scale WWTP, with a sample interval of 2 minutes, making it ideal for
developing models for real-time operation and control. This comprehensive
bio-chemical dataset includes detailed influent and effluent parameters,
operational conditions, and environmental factors. Unlike existing datasets, it
addresses the unique challenges of modeling $N_2O$, a potent greenhouse gas,
providing a valuable resource for researchers to enhance predictive accuracy
and control strategies in wastewater treatment processes. Additionally, this
dataset significantly contributes to the fields of machine learning and deep
learning time series forecasting by serving as a benchmark that mirrors the
complexities of real-world processes, thus facilitating advancements in these
domains. We provide a detailed description of the dataset along with a
statistical analysis to highlight its characteristics, such as nonstationarity,
nonnormality, seasonality, heteroscedasticity, structural breaks, asymmetric
distributions, and intermittency, which are common in many real-world time
series datasets and pose challenges for forecasting models.
