  Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used as a platform for social
interaction, including as a means for older adults to maintain engagement.
However, there has been limited research to examine the features of social VR
that are most relevant to older adults experiences. The current study was
conducted to qualitatively analyze the behavior of older adults in a
collaborative VR environment and evaluate aspects of design that affected their
engagement outcomes. We paired 36 participants over the age of 60, from three
diverse geographic locations, and asked them to interact in collaborative VR
modules. Video-based observation methods and thematic analyses were used to
study the resulting interactions. The results indicated a strong link between
perceived spatial presence in the VR and social engagement, while also
highlighting the importance of individual personality and compatibility. The
study provides new insights into design guidelines that could improve social VR
programs for older adults.
