  As micromobility devices such as e-scooters gain global popularity, emergency
departments around the world have observed a rising trend in related injuries.
However, the majority of current research on e-scooter safety relies heavily on
surveys, news reports, and data from vendors, with a noticeable scarcity of
naturalistic studies examining the effects of riders' behaviors and
physiological responses. Therefore, this paper aims to study the responses of
e-scooter users under different infrastructures and scenarios through
naturalistic riding experiments. The findings indicate that different speed
profiles, infrastructural elements, and traffic scenarios significantly
influence riding dynamics. The experimental results also reveal that e-scooters
face amplified safety challenges when navigating through areas with speed
variations and without dedicated riding spaces. The study underscores the
importance of considering infrastructure design and its influence on e-scooter
safety, providing insights that could inform future urban planning and
policy-making to enhance the safety of these increasingly popular vehicles.
