  In this thesis, we address several important issues concerning the
morphological analysis of Arabic language applied to textual data and machine
translation. First, we provided an overview on machine translation, its history
and its development, then we exposed human translation techniques for eventual
inspiration in machine translation, and we exposed linguistic approaches and
particularly indirect transfer approaches. Finally, we presented our
contributions to the resolution of morphosyntactic problems in computer
linguistics as multilingual information retrieval and machine translation. As a
first contribution, we developed a morphological analyzer for Arabic, and we
have exploited it in the bilingual information retrieval such as a computer
application of multilingual documentary. Results validation showed a
statistically significant performance. In a second contribution, we proposed a
list of morphosyntactic transfer rules from English to Arabic for translation
in three phases: analysis, transfer, generation. We focused on the transfer
phase without semantic distortion for an abstraction of English in a sufficient
subset of Arabic.
