  Infrared ~5--35 um spectra for 40 solar-mass T Tauri stars and 7
intermediate-mass Herbig Ae stars with circumstellar disks were obtained using
the Spitzer Space Telescope as part of the c2d IRS survey. This work
complements prior spectroscopic studies of silicate infrared emission from
disks, which were focused on intermediate-mass stars, with observations of
solar-mass stars limited primarily to the 10 um region. The observed 10 and 20
um silicate feature strengths/shapes are consistent with source-to-source
variations in grain size. A large fraction of the features are weak and flat,
consistent with um-sized grains indicating fast grain growth (from 0.1--1.0 um
in radius). In addition, approximately half of the T Tauri star spectra show
crystalline silicate features near 28 and 33 um indicating significant
processing when compared to interstellar grains. A few sources show large
10-to-20 um ratios and require even larger grains emitting at 20 um than at 10
um. This size difference may arise from the difference in the depth into the
disk probed by the two silicate emission bands in disks where dust settling has
occurred. The 10 um feature strength vs. shape trend is not correlated with age
or Halpha equivalent width, suggesting that some amount of turbulent mixing and
regeneration of small grains is occurring. The strength vs. shape trend is
related to spectral type, however, with M stars showing significantly flatter
10 um features (larger grain sizes) than A/B stars. The connection between
spectral type and grain size is interpreted in terms of the variation in the
silicate emission radius as a function of stellar luminosity, but could also be
indicative of other spectral-type dependent factors (e.g, X-rays, UV radiation,
stellar/disk winds, etc.).
