  Various theoretical studies have been carried out to infer relevant
protein-protein interactions among pathogens and their hosts. Such studies are
generally based on preferential attachment of bacteria / virus to their human
receptor homologs. We have analyzed 17 pathogenic species mainly belonging to
bacterial and viral pathogenic classes, with the aim to identify the
interacting human proteins which are targeted by both bacteria and virus
specifically. Our study reveals that the TLRs play a crucial role between the
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the damage associated
molecular patterns (DAMPS). PAMPs include bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPs),
endotoxins, bacterial flagellin, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan in bacterial
organisms and nucleic acid variants associated with viral organisms, whereas
DAMPs are associated with host biomolecules that perpetuate non-infectious
inflammatory responses. We found out the presence of SOD1 and SOD2 (superoxide
dismutase) is crucial, as it acts as an anti-oxidant and helps in eliminating
oxidative stress by preventing damage from reactive oxygen species. Hence, such
strategies can be used as new therapies for anti-inflammatory diseases with
significant clinical outcomes.
