  From sets and simple operations on sets, a Feynman Checkerboard physics model
is constructed that allows computation of force strength constants and
constituent mass ratios of elementary particles, with a Lagrangian structure
that gives a Higgs scalar particle mass of about 146 GeV and a Higgs scalar
field vacuum expectation value of about 252 GeV, giving a tree level
constituent Truth Quark (top quark) mass of roughly 130 GeV, which is (in my
opinion) supported by dileptonic events and some semileptonic events. See
http://galaxy.cau.edu/tsmith/HDFCmodel.html and
http://www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/HDFCmodel.html
  Chapter 1 - Introduction.
  Chapter 2 - From Sets to Clifford Algebras.
  Chapter 3 - Octonions and E8 lattices.
  Chapter 4 - E8 spacetime and particles.
  Chapter 5 - HyperDiamond Lattices.
  Chapter 6 - Internal Symmetry Space.
  Chapter 7 - Feynman Checkerboards.
  Chapter 8 - Charge = Amplitude to Emit Gauge Boson.
  Chapter 9 - Mass = Amplitude to Change Direction.
  Chapter 10 - Protons, Pions, and Physical Gravitons.
