  A database is a prime target for cyber-attacks as it contains confidential,
sensitive, or protected information. With the increasing sophistication of the
internet and dependencies on internet data transmission, it has become vital to
be aware of various encryption technologies and trends. It can assist in
safeguarding private information and sensitive data, as well as improve the
security of client-server communication. Database encryption is a procedure
that employs an algorithm to convert data contained in a database into "cipher
text," which is incomprehensible until decoded. Homomorphic encryption
technology, which works with encrypted data, can be utilized in both symmetric
and asymmetric systems. In this paper, we evaluated homomorphic encryption
techniques based on recent highly cited articles, as well as compared all
database encryption problems and developments since 2018. The benefits and
drawbacks of homomorphic approaches were examined over classic encryption
methods including Transparent Database Encryption, Column Level Encryption,
Field Level Encryption, File System Level Encryption, and Encrypting File
System Encryption in this review. Additionally, popular databases that provide
encryption services to their customers to protect their data are also examined.
