  The competition between antiferromagnetism and hole motion in two-dimensional
Mott insulators lies at the heart of a doping-dependent transition from an
anomalous metal to a conventional Fermi liquid. Condensed matter experiments
suggest charge carriers change their nature within this crossover, but a
complete understanding remains elusive. We observe such a crossover in
Fermi-Hubbard systems on a cold-atom quantum simulator and reveal the
transformation of multi-point correlations between spins and holes upon
increasing doping at temperatures around the superexchange energy. Conventional
observables, such as spin susceptibility, are furthermore computed from the
microscopic snapshots of the system. Starting from a magnetic polaron regime,
we find the system evolves into a Fermi liquid featuring incommensurate
magnetic fluctuations and fundamentally altered correlations. The crossover is
completed for hole dopings around $30\%$. Our work benchmarks theoretical
approaches and discusses possible connections to lower temperature phenomena.
