  Dissipative quantum phase transition has been widely believed to occur in a
Josephson junction coupled to a resistor despite a lack of concrete
experimental evidence. Here, on the basis of both numerical and analytical
nonperturbative renormalization group (RG) analyses, we reveal breakdown of
previous perturbative arguments and defy the common wisdom that the transition
always occurs at the quantum resistance $R_{Q} \!=\! h/(4e^2)$. We find that RG
flows in nonperturbative regimes induce nonmonotonic renormalization of the
charging energy and lead to a qualitatively different phase diagram, where the
insulator phase is strongly suppressed to the deep charge regime (Cooper pair
box), while the system is always superconducting in the transmon regime. We
identify a previously overlooked dangerously irrelevant term as an origin of
the failure of conventional understandings. Our predictions can be tested in
recent experiments realizing high-impedance long superconducting waveguides and
would provide a solution to the long-standing controversy about the fate of
dissipative quantum phase transition in the resistively shunted Josephson
junction.
