  Video streaming continues to captivate attention of users and service
providers, dominate in Internet traffic, and form a vibrant research field.
Taking a pragmatic approach to reviewing recent research in the field, this
paper considers the most dominant streaming paradigm, the main aspects of which
include transmission of two-dimensional videos over the best-effort Internet,
support from content delivery networks, and client-side bitrate adaptation. To
make the survey more accessible, we incorporate extensive tutorial materials.
In contrast with the siloed approaches of existing surveys, our paper
holistically covers the end-to-end streaming pipeline from video capture and
upload for server processing to distribution for playback on diverse user
devices. Reflecting the practical interests of respective stakeholders, our
survey presents a novel perspective on end-to-end streaming and sheds light on
the relationships and interactions between its ingestion, processing, and
distribution stages. At each stage, we classify streaming designs in regard to
their methodology depending on whether intuition, theory, or machine learning
serves as a methodological basis for their core contribution. In addition to
tasks confined to a single stage, the survey also examines transversal topics
such as coding, super resolution, and quality of experience. After surveying
more than 200 papers, we synthesize current trends and project future
directions in video streaming research.
