  This article conducts a literature review of current and future challenges in
the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in cyber physical systems. The
literature review is focused on identifying a conceptual framework for
increasing resilience with AI through automation supporting both, a technical
and human level. The methodology applied resembled a literature review and
taxonomic analysis of complex internet of things (IoT) interconnected and
coupled cyber physical systems. There is an increased attention on propositions
on models, infrastructures and frameworks of IoT in both academic and technical
papers. These reports and publications frequently represent a juxtaposition of
other related systems and technologies (e.g. Industrial Internet of Things,
Cyber Physical Systems, Industry 4.0 etc.). We review academic and industry
papers published between 2010 and 2020. The results determine a new
hierarchical cascading conceptual framework for analysing the evolution of AI
decision-making in cyber physical systems. We argue that such evolution is
inevitable and autonomous because of the increased integration of connected
devices (IoT) in cyber physical systems. To support this argument, taxonomic
methodology is adapted and applied for transparency and justifications of
concepts selection decisions through building summary maps that are applied for
designing the hierarchical cascading conceptual framework.
