  The heavy quark self-energy in nonrelativistic lattice QCD is calculated to
$O(\alpha_s)$ in perturbation theory. An action which includes all
spin-independent relativistic corrections to order $v^2$, where $v$ is the
typical heavy quark velocity, and all spin-dependent corrections to order $v^4$
is used. The standard Wilson action and an improved multi-plaquette action are
used for the gluons. Results for the mass renormalization, wavefunction
renormalization, and energy shift are given; tadpole contributions are found to
be large. A tadpole improvement scheme in which all link variables are rescaled
by a mean-field factor is also studied. The effectiveness of this scheme in
offsetting the large tadpole contributions to the heavy quark renormalization
parameters is demonstrated.
