  In 1710, George Berkeley, philospher and scientist, discovered that the
directions in which we see (sightlines) are tilted 45 degrees towards the past
from the directions in which we look. Looking north from the 3-d present we see
to the north-past and so see the 4-d past. The past only contains images of the
material objects in the present, so the world we see contains no material
objects. We do not see a tree; we see an image of the tree, or, with two
mirrors, an infinite stream of images of the tree receding into the 4-d past.
The science of the 4-d past described with data-defined language is objective.
When the Relativistic Doppler Effect is so described, it is simple and
complete, unlike Einstein's space and time version in his 1905 theory of
relativity. Scientists still use space and time science though so Berkeley's
discoveries have been neglected and lost. Their recovery in this paper
reinststes the choice between a data-defined language description of the
observed 4-d past and an idea-based language description of idea-based (3+1)-d
space and time.
