  Within the framework of pQCD, we systematically study the $W^{\pm}/Z^0$ boson
production as a probe of cold nuclear matter effects and nuclear parton
distributions in p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC and future colliders. A
detailed analysis at partonic level is performed. Moreover, with a
semi-microscopic KP model of NPDFs, in which several nuclear effects (e.g.
Fermi motion and nuclear binding, the off-shell correction, the nuclear
coherent correction, and the nuclear meson correction) are included, we study
the vector boson rapidity distribution in p+Pb collisions at the LHC, and a
very good agreement with the latest data is found, including the $W$-boson
charge asymmetry.
