  For $\nu,\nu_i,\mu_j\in(0,1)$, we analyze the semilinear integro-differential
equation on the one-dimensional domain $\Omega=(a,b)$ in the unknown $u=u(x,t)$
\[
\mathbf{D}_{t}^{\nu}(\varrho_{0}u)+\sum_{i=1}^{M}\mathbf{D}_{t}^{\nu_{i}}(\varrho_{i}u)
-\sum_{j=1}^{N}\mathbf{D}_{t}^{\mu_{j}}(\gamma_{j}u)
-\mathcal{L}_{1}u-\mathcal{K}*\mathcal{L}_{2}u+f(u)=g(x,t), \] where
$\mathbf{D}_{t}^{\nu},\mathbf{D}_{t}^{\nu_{i}}, \mathbf{D}_{t}^{\mu_{j}}$ are
Caputo fractional derivatives, $\varrho_0=\varrho_0(t)>0,$
$\varrho_{i}=\varrho_{i}(t)$, $\gamma_{j}=\gamma_{j}(t)$, $\mathcal{L}_{k}$ are
uniform elliptic operators with time-dependent smooth coefficients,
$\mathcal{K}$ is a summable convolution kernel. Particular cases of this
equation are the recently proposed advanced models of oxygen transport through
capillaries. Under certain structural conditions on the nonlinearity $f$ and
orders $\nu,\nu_i,\mu_j$, the global existence and uniqueness of classical and
strong solutions to the related initial-boundary value problems are established
via the so-called continuation arguments method. The crucial point is searching
suitable a priori estimates of the solution in the fractional H\"{o}lder and
Sobolev spaces. The problems are also studied from the numerical point of view.
