  The aim of this study is to find key areas of research that can be useful to
fight against disinformation on Wikipedia. To address this problem we perform a
literature review trying to answer three main questions: (i) What is
disinformation? (ii) What are the most popular mechanisms to spread online
disinformation? and (iii) Which are the mechanisms that are currently being
used to fight against disinformation?. In all these three questions we take
first a general approach, considering studies from different areas such as
journalism and communications, sociology, philosophy, information and political
sciences. And comparing those studies with the current situation on the
Wikipedia ecosystem. We conclude that in order to keep Wikipedia as free as
possible from disinformation, it is necessary to help patrollers to early
detect disinformation and assess the credibility of external sources. More
research is needed to develop tools that use state-of-the-art machine learning
techniques to detect potentially dangerous content, empowering patrollers to
deal with attacks that are becoming more complex and sophisticated.
