  We consider a fully digital massive multiple-input multiple-output
architecture with low-resolution analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters
(ADCs/DACs) at the base station (BS) and analyze the performance trade-off
between the number of BS antennas, the resolution of the ADCs/DACs, and the
bandwidth. Assuming a hardware power consumption constraint, we determine the
relationship between these design parameters by using a realistic model for the
power consumption of the ADCs/DACs and the radio frequency chains. Considering
uplink pilot-aided channel estimation, we build on the Bussgang decomposition
to derive tractable expressions for uplink and downlink ergodic achievable sum
rates. Numerical results show that the ergodic performance is boosted when many
BS antennas with very low resolution (i.e., 2 to 3 bits) are adopted in both
the uplink and the downlink.
