  It is known that rapidly rotating turbulent flows are characterized by the
emergence of simultaneous upscale and downscale energy transfer. Indeed, both
numerics and experiments show the formation of large-scale anisotropic vortices
together with the development of small-scale dissipative structures. However
the organization of interactions leading to this complex dynamics remains
unclear. Two different mechanisms are known to be able to transfer energy
upscale in a turbulent flow. The first is characterized by two-dimensional
interactions among triads lying on the two-dimensional, three-component (2D3C)
manifold, namely on the Fourier plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. The
second mechanism is three-dimensional and consists of interactions between
triads with the same sign of helicity (homochiral). Here, we present a detailed
numerical study of rotating flows using a suite of high Reynolds number direct
numerical simulations within different parameter regimes to analyze both
upscale and downscale cascade ranges. We find that the upscale cascade at wave
numbers close to the forcing scale is generated by increasingly dominant
homochiral interactions which couple the three-dimensional bulk and the 2D3C
plane. This coupling produces an accumulation of energy in the 2D3C plane,
which then transfers energy to smaller wave numbers thanks to the
two-dimensional mechanism. In the forward cascade range, we find that the
energy transfer is dominated by heterochiral triads and is dominated primarily
by interaction within the fast manifold where $k_z\ne0$. We further analyze the
energy transfer in different regions in the real-space domain. In particular,
we distinguish high-strain from high-vorticity regions and we uncover that
while the mean transfer is produced inside regions of strain, the rare but
extreme events of energy transfer occur primarily inside the large-scale column
vortices.
