  In frameworks of the scaling theory of phase transitions and critical
phenomena the quantitative dependence of macroscopic properties on
nanostructural parameters in a polymeric material is revealed. The draw ratios
at neck and at break are referred to the macroscopic properties. The structure
is characterized by an average thickness of amorphous layers in isotropic
melt-crystallized linear high density polyethylene which is chosen as an
example. The square of the neck draw ratio is equal to the product of the
square of the draw ratio at break and the chain ends collision probability.
This probability in its turn is proportional to the average thickness of
amorphous layers in the isotropic material. The neck draw ratio is a parameter
of order. Polymers with flexible chains are solutions in solid state as well as
in melt, the interacting ends of a marked chain serving as a solvent. At
critical polymerization degree all the phases are identical. This research is
an important contribution to the molecular theory of polymer liquids. It has
been found that the melt viscosity vs the molecular weight of linear
flexible-chain polymer follows the power law with the 3.4-exponent within the
reptation model near the critical point. This is different from the value 3
expected for the melt of ring macromolecules. The rotation vibration precession
motion of chain ends about the polymer melt flow direction were taken into
account to find better agreement with the experiment.
