  From antiquity the conceptual perception of space changed painfully and at a
relatively slow pace. It went through mythological descriptions, religious
beliefs, metaphysical worldviews and cosmological models with a mechanistic
structure, until it reached the Newtonian perception of the infinite and
homogeneous three-dimensional continuum, which dominates to this day as a
"common perception" even in education. This perception of space, which today
seems self-evident, is the culmination of a long historical development, which
we will try to outline. Our aim is to briefly present the conceptual course of
models related to natural space from antiquity to the 20th century, focusing on
the theories and models that can be mathematized. At the same time we try to
highlight one of the most important starting points of geometric concepts,
which is the need for mathematical modeling of physical space, as in modern
education there is no such view.
