  Tuberculosis remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of
new cases reported annually. Recent studies suggest that expanding the
accessibility of TB intervention programs can lead to a substantial decrease in
both TB incidence and prevalence. This paper initiates by examining a
deterministic mathematical model for TB transmission, aiming to analyze the
underlying dynamics. Subsequently, an optimal control problem is formulated to
enhance TB control measures, encompassing Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment
(TPT) and other initiatives targeting malnutrition and diabetes. Through
simulation studies, the effectiveness of the control program is assessed. The
model dynamics allow us to identify the pseudo-prevalence and incidence. To
determine the potential long-term trajectory of TB and to acquire future
projections a cost-effectiveness analysis is performed using ACER, AIR, ICER,
and four quadrants to compare competing interventions. In conclusion, this work
provides valuable insights into TB and strategies for its control and cost
effectiveness.
