  The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) can persist in some body fluids after clinical
recovery. In Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, there are
well-documented cases of EVD reemergence that were associated with previous
outbreaks. In many cases, male EVD survivors were associated with the
re-introduction of new outbreaks. This has shown that even after controlling an
EVD outbreak, a close biomedical monitoring of survivors and contacts is
critical to avoiding future outbreaks. Thus, in order to explore the main
features of EVD transmission dynamics in the context of re-emergence, we used a
compartmental model by considering vaccination around EVD contacts. Analytical
and numerical analyses of the model were conducted. The model is mathematically
and epidemiologically well-posed. We computed the reproductive number (R0) and
the disease equilibrium points (disease-free equilibrium and endemic
equilibrium) for the re-emerging outbreak. The stability analysis of the model
around those equilibrium points was performed. The model undergoes a backward
bifurcation at R0 close to 1, regardless R0 < 1, the disease will not be
eradicated. This means that R0 cannot be considered as an intervention control
measure in our model.
