  To facilitate an effective, efficient, transparent, and timely
decision-making process as well as to provide guidelines for industry planning
and public policy development, a conceptual framework of digital twins (DTs)
for logistics and supply chain systems (LSCS) is needed. This paper first
introduces the background of the logistics and supply chain industry, the DT
and its potential benefits, and the motivations and scope of this research. The
literature review indicates research and practice gaps and needs that motivate
proposing a new conceptual DT framework for LSCS. As each element of the new
framework has different requirements and goals, it initiates new research
opportunities and creates practical implementation challenges. As such, the
future of DT computation involves advanced analytics and modeling techniques to
address the new agenda's requirements. Finally, ideas on the next steps to
deploy a transparent, trustworthy, and resilient DT for LSCS are presented.
