  We investigate to what extent the magnetic properties of deposited
nanostructures can be influenced by selecting as a support different surfaces
of the same substrate material. Fully relativistic ab initio calculations were
performed for Co monolayers and adatoms on Pd(100), Pd(111), and Pd(110)
surfaces. Changing the crystallographic orientation of the surface has a
moderate effect on the spin magnetic moment and on the number of holes in the d
band, a larger effect on the orbital magnetic moment but sometimes a dramatic
effect on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) and on the magnetic
dipole term T_alpha. The dependence of T_alpha on the magnetization direction
alpha can lead to a strong apparent anisotropy of the spin magnetic moment as
deduced from the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) sum rules. For
systems in which the spin-orbit coupling is not very strong, the T_alpha term
can be understood as arising from the differences between components of the
spin magnetic moment associated with different magnetic quantum numbers m.
