  Smart local energy system (SLES) is considered as a promising pathway
facilitating a more effective and localised operation, benefited from the
complex information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and
Internet of things (IoT) technologies. As a part of the critical
infrastructure, it is important to not only put effective detection and
management to tackle potential cybersecurity issues, but also require
considerable numbers of standards to ensure the security of the internet of
things system to minimise the risks. This study aims to review the existing
standards, investigate how the compatibility with SLES development, and
identify the area to focus on in the future. Although existing standards and
protocols are highly fragmented, our findings suggest that many of them can
meet the requirements of the applications and infrastructures of SLES.
Additionally, many standards have been introduced to protect information
security and personal privacy due to their increasing importance. The research
also suggests that the industry needs to produce more affordable and
cyber-secured devices and services. For the government and regulators, relevant
guidelines on the minimum function and security requirements for applications
should be provided. Additionally, compliance testing and certifications should
be in place and carried out by an independent third party to ensure the
components of SLES ecosystem with a satisfied security level by design.
