  Until 1974, the study of black holes was under the hegemony of Einstein's
general relativity. However, that same year, Stephen Hawking incorporated
quantum theory and discovered that black holes have temperature, entropy, and
evaporate. These three great discoveries marked the birth of what we can now
call quantum black holes, as opposed to classic black holes, whose description
is based only on general relativity. The present work seeks to provide an
introduction to the three great discoveries of Hawking, accessible to
undergraduate students of science and engineering.
