  Based on the fluid volume fraction large eddy simulation discrete phase
coupling model, the water and sediment flow around the vibrating monopile was
simulated. The discrete phase momentum model was enhanced using the force
distribution of the particle phase on the bed surface. Additionally, the flow
dynamics and sediment incipience around a vibrating monopile was replicated
through the use of a sediment incipience Shields number. The results suggest
that monopile vibrations amplify the negative incipience of sediment in both
the front deceleration region and the wake reflux region. Furthermore, within
the periodic flow field surrounding the monopile, the temporal changes in the
sediment incipience Shields number does not consistently match the temporal
changes in the spatial average velocity.
