  The contemporary landscape of wireless technology underscores the critical
role of precise localization services. Traditional global navigation satellite
systems (GNSS)-based solutions, however, fall short when it comes to indoor
environments, and existing indoor localization techniques such as
electromagnetic fingerprinting methods face challenges of high implementation
costs and limited coverage. This article explores an innovative solution that
seamlessly blends low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites with reconfigurable
intelligent surfaces (RISs), unlocking its potential for realizing
uninterrupted indoor and outdoor localization with global coverage. By
leveraging the strong signal reception of the LEO satellite signals and
capitalizing on the radio environment-reshaping capability of RISs, the
integration of these two technologies presents a vision of a future where
localization services transcend existing constraints. After a comprehensive
review of the distinctive attributes of LEO satellites and RISs, we evaluate
the localization error bounds for the proposed collaborative system, showcasing
their promising performance on simultaneous indoor and outdoor localization. To
conclude, we engage in a discussion on open problems and future research
directions for LEO satellite and RIS-enabled localization.
