  By programming both the data plane and the control plane, network operators
can customize their networks based on their needs, regardless of the hardware
manufacturer. Control plane programming, a major component of the SDN (Software
Defined Network) concept, has been developed for more than 10 years and
successfully implemented in real networks. Efforts to develop reconfigurable
data planes and high-level network programming languages make it truly possible
to program data planes. Therefore, the programmable data planes and SDNs offer
great flexibility in network customization, allowing many innovations to be
introduced on the network. The general focus of research on the data plane is
data-plane abstractions, languages and compilers, data plane algorithms, and
applications. This paper outlines some emerging applications on the data plane
and offers opportunities for further improvement and optimization.
