  Saltation models provide considerable insight into near-bed sediment
transport. This paper outlines a simple, efficient numerical model of
stochastic saltation, which is validated against previously published
experimental data on saltation in a channel of nearly horizontal bed.
Convergence tests are systematically applied to ensure the model is free from
statistical errors emanating from the number of particle hops considered. Two
criteria for statistical convergence are derived; according to the first
criterion, at least $10^3$ hops appear to be necessary for convergent results,
whereas $10^4$ saltations seem to be the minimum required in order to achieve
statistical convergence in accordance with the second criterion. Two empirical
formulae for lift force are considered: one dependent on the slip (relative)
velocity of the particle multiplied by the vertical gradient of the horizontal
flow velocity component; the other dependent on the difference between the
squares of the slip velocity components at the top and bottom of the particle.
The former is found to give more stable results. A parameter study indicates
that the saltation length has a minimum value with increasing particle diameter
(at non-dimensional $D_* \sim 12$) for a given transport stage. Variations in
the friction coefficient and collision line level have negligible effect on the
saltation statistics within the ranges considered. Regression equations are
obtained for each of the saltation characteristics. Finally, the model is used
to evaluate the bed load transport rate, which is in satisfactory agreement
with common formulae based on flume data, especially when compared against
other saltation-derived expressions.
