  Let $\Delta(x)$ denote the error term in the Dirichlet divisor problem, and
let $E(T)$ denote the error term in the asymptotic formula for the mean square
of $|\zeta(1/2+it)|$. If $E^*(t) := E(t) - 2\pi\Delta^*(t/(2\pi))$ with
$\Delta^*(x) :=
  -\Delta(x) + 2\Delta(2x) - \frac{1}{2}\Delta(4x)$ and
  $\int_0^T E^*(t)\,dt = \frac{3}{4}\pi T + R(T)$, then we obtain a number of
results involving the moments of $|\zeta(1/2+it)|$ in short intervals, by
connecting them to the moments of $E^*(T)$ and $R(T)$ in short intervals. Upper
bounds and asymptotic formulas for integrals of the form $$
\int_T^{2T}\left(\int_{t-H}^{t+H}|\zeta(1/2+iu)|^2\,du\right)^k\,dt \qquad(k\in
N, 1 \ll H \le T) $$ are also treated.
