  We find the Gutzwiller projected Fermi sea wave function(GWF) has the correct
phase structure to describe the kink nature of the doped holes in the ground
state of the one dimensional $t-J$ model. We find the failure of the GWF for
general value of $J/t$ and electron density $n$ can be attributed to the
residual charge correlation in the ground state. We find such residual charge
correlation is well described by a XXZ-type effective Hamiltonian. Based on
these observations, a Pfaffian-type variational wave function is proposed and
is found to reproduce correctly the global phase diagram and corresponding
correlation functions of the one dimensional $t-J$ model, including the
Luther-Emery phase in the low electron density and large $J/t$ region.
