  With the rapid growth in the telecommunications industry moving towards 5G
and beyond (5GB) and the emergence of data-hungry and time-sensitive
applications, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are faced with a considerable
challenge to keep up with these new demands. Cloud radio access network (CRAN)
has emerged as a cost-effective architecture that improves 5GB performance. The
fronthaul segment of the CRAN necessitates a high-capacity and low-latency
connection. Optical technologies presented by Passive Optical Networks (PON)
have gained attention as a promising technology to meet the fronthaul
challenges. In this paper, we proposed an Integer Linear Program (ILP) that
optimizes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for 5G using CRAN architecture
under different delay thresholds. We considered the Time and Wavelength
Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) as a fronthaul with
different splitting ratios.
