  We study semilinear third-order (in time) evolution equations with fractional
Laplacian $(-\Delta)^{\sigma}$ and power nonlinearity $|u|^p$, which was
proposed by Bezerra-Carvalho-Santos [2] recently. In this manuscript, we obtain
a new critical exponent
$p=p_{\mathrm{crit}}(n,\sigma):=1+\frac{6\sigma}{\max\{3n-4\sigma,0\}}$ for
$n\leqslant\frac{10}{3}\sigma$. Precisely, the global (in time) existence of
small data Sobolev solutions is proved for the supercritical case
$p>p_{\mathrm{crit}}(n,\sigma)$, and weak solutions blow up in finite time even
for small data if $1<p\leqslant p_{\mathrm{crit}}(n,\sigma)$. Furthermore, to
more accurately describe the blow-up time, we derive new and sharp upper bound
as well as lower bound estimates for the lifespan in the subcritical case and
the critical case.
