  Nonequilibrium phase transitions are discussed with emphasis on general
features such as the role of detailed balance violation in generating effective
(long-range) interactions, the importance of dynamical anisotropies, the
connection between various mechanisms generating power-law correlations, and
the emergence of universal distribution functions for macroscopic quantities.
Quantum spin chains are also discussed in order to demonstrate how to construct
steady-states carrying fluxes in quantum systems, and to explain how the fluxes
may generate power-law correlations.
