  In this monograph (written in 1973-1974) the author uses the theory of
mechanics of the inertless mass to investigate the structure of heavenly bodies
of the solar system. The structure of the Sun and planets is the sole reason of
the character of their axial rotation, presence or absence of satellites and
atmospheres. This structure is one of the main climatic factors for each planet
and Sun. It determines the climate and its possible changes. Understanding
these processes is very important for determining perspectives of the evolution
of the Sun and the planets, including the Earth. This monograph was divided
into two parts by editor in 2007. Since author has developed some theoretical
positions of "Mechanics of liquids and gas, or mechanics of the inertless mass"
(1971), the first Part contains these changes. The Part II contains the
investigation that gives us new results and new meaning of the stored
information about the Sun and the planets of the solar system. This monograph
is addressed to specialists in the field of theoretical and practical
hydrodynamics and adjacent sciences. It will be useful for astronomers,
meteorologists and geologists.
