  Using tools from the representation theory of compact Lie groups, we
formulate a theory of Barren Plateaus (BPs) for parameterized quantum circuits
whose observables lie in their dynamical Lie algebra (DLA), a setting that we
term Lie algebra Supported Ansatz (LASA). A large variety of commonly used
ans\"atze such as the Hamiltonian Variational Ansatz, Quantum Alternating
Operator Ansatz, and many equivariant quantum neural networks are LASAs. In
particular, our theory provides, for the first time, the ability to compute the
variance of the gradient of the cost function of the quantum compound ansatz.
We rigorously prove that, for LASA, the variance of the gradient of the cost
function, for a 2-design of the dynamical Lie group, scales inversely with the
dimension of the DLA, which agrees with existing numerical observations. In
addition, to motivate the applicability of our results for 2-designs to
practical settings, we show that rapid mixing occurs for LASAs with polynomial
DLA. Lastly, we include potential extensions for handling cases when the
observable lies outside of the DLA and the implications of our results.
