  Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) communication stands as an indispensable element
within defense communication strategies, facilitating information exchange in
scenarios where traditional Line of Sight (LOS) methodologies encounter
obstruction. This article delves into the forefront of technologies driving
BLOS communication, emphasizing advanced systems like phantom networks,
nanonetworks, aerial relays, and satellite-based defense communication.
Moreover, we present a practical use case of UAV path planning using
optimization techniques amidst radar-threat war zones that add concrete
relevance, underscoring the tangible applications of BLOS defense communication
systems. Additionally, we present several future research directions for BLOS
communication in defense systems, such as resilience enhancement, the
integration of heterogeneous networks, management of contested spectrums,
advancements in multimedia communication, adaptive methodologies, and the
burgeoning domain of the Internet of Military Things (IoMT). This exploration
of BLOS technologies and their applications lays the groundwork for synergistic
collaboration between industry and academia, fostering innovation in defense
communication paradigms.
