  Quantum cryptographic key distribution (QKD) uses extremely faint light
pulses to carry quantum information between two parties (Alice and Bob),
allowing them to generate a shared, secret cryptographic key. Autocompensating
QKD systems automatically and passively compensate for uncontrolled time
dependent variations of the optical fiber properties by coding the information
as a differential phase between orthogonally-polarized components of a light
pulse sent on a round trip through the fiber, reflected at mid-course using a
Faraday mirror. We have built a prototype system based on standard telecom
technology that achieves a privacy-amplified bit generation rate of ~1000
bits/s over a 10-km optical fiber link. Quantum cryptography is an example of
an application that, by using quantum states of individual particles to
represent information, accomplishes a practical task that is impossible using
classical means.
