  To investigate the detection of students' behavioral engagement (On-Task vs.
Off-Task), we propose a two-phase approach in this study. In Phase 1,
contextual logs (URLs) are utilized to assess active usage of the content
platform. If there is active use, the appearance information is utilized in
Phase 2 to infer behavioral engagement. Incorporating the contextual
information improved the overall F1-scores from 0.77 to 0.82. Our
cross-classroom and cross-platform experiments showed the proposed generic and
multi-modal behavioral engagement models' applicability to a different set of
students or different subject areas.
