  Human lives are improving with the widespread use of cutting-edge digital
technology like the Internet of Things (IoT). Recently, the pandemic has shown
the demand for more digitally advanced IoT-based devices. International Data
Corporation (IDC) forecasts that by 2025, there will be approximately 42
billion of these devices in use, capable of producing around 80 ZB (zettabytes)
of data. So data acquisition, processing, communication, and visualization are
necessary from a functional standpoint. Indicating sensors & data converters
are the key components for IoT-based applications. The efficiency of such
applications is truly measured in terms of latency, power, and resolution of
data converters motivating designers to perform efficiently. Sensors capture
and covert physical features from their chosen environment into detectable
quantities. Data converter gives meaningful information and connects the real
analog world to the digital component of the devices. The received data is
interpreted and analyzed with the digital processing circuitry. Ultimately, it
is used as information by a network of internet-connected smart devices.
Because IoT technologies are adaptable to nearly any technology that may
provide its operational activity and environmental conditions. But the
challenges occur with power consumption as the complete IoT framework is
battery operated and replacing a battery is a daunting task. So the goal of
this chapter is to unveil the requirements to design energy-efficient data
converters for IoT applications.
