  This study investigates the impact of initial contact of drivers with an SAE
Level 3 Automated Driving System (ADS) under real traffic conditions, focusing
on the Mercedes-Benz Drive Pilot in the EQS. It examines Acceptance, Trust,
Usability, and User Experience. Although previous studies in simulated
environments provided insights into human-automation interaction, real-world
experiences can differ significantly. The research was conducted on a segment
of German interstate with 30 participants lacking familiarity with Level 3 ADS.
Pre- and post-driving questionnaires were used to assess changes in acceptance
and confidence. Supplementary metrics included post-driving ratings for
usability and user experience. Findings reveal a significant increase in
acceptance and trust following the first contact, confirming results from prior
simulator studies. Factors such as Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy,
Facilitating Condition, Self-Efficacy, and Behavioral Intention to use the
vehicle were rated higher after initial contact with the ADS. However,
inadequate communication from the ADS to the human driver was detected,
highlighting the need for improved communication to prevent misuse or confusion
about the operating mode. Contrary to prior research, we found no significant
impact of general attitudes towards technological innovation on acceptance and
trust. However, it's worth noting that most participants already had a high
affinity for technology. Although overall reception was positive and showed an
upward trend post first contact, the ADS was also perceived as demanding as
manual driving. Future research should focus on a more diverse participant
sample and include longer or multiple real-traffic trips to understand
behavioral adaptations over time.
