  In emergency management for mass gathering, the knowledge about crowd types
can highly assist with providing timely response and effective resource
allocation. Crowd monitoring can be achieved using computer vision based
approaches and sensory data analysis. The emergence of social media platforms
presents an opportunity to capture valuable information about how people feel
and think. However, reviewing current works shows that there are a limited
number of studies that use social media in crowd monitoring and/or incorporate
a unified crowd model for consistency and interoperability. This presents a
novel framework for crowd monitoring using social media. It includes a standard
crowd model to represent different types of crowds. The proposed framework
considers the effect of emotion on crowd behaviour and uses the emotion
analysis of social media to identify the crowd types in an event. An experiment
using historical data of a past event to validate our framework and model is
described.
