  Microcavity exciton polaritons are promising candidates to build a new
generation of highly nonlinear and integrated optoelectronic devices. Such
devices range from novel coherent light emitters to reconfigurable potential
landscapes for electro-optical polariton-lattice based quantum simulators as
well as building blocks of optical logic architectures. Especially for the
latter, the strongly interacting nature of the light-matter hybrid particles
has been used to facilitate fast and efficient switching of light by light,
something which is very hard to achieve with weakly interacting photons. We
demonstrate here that polariton transistor switches can be fully integrated in
electro-optical schemes by implementing a one-dimensional polariton channel
which is operated by an electrical gate rather than by a control laser beam.
The operation of the device, which is the polariton equivalent to a
field-effect transistor, relies on combining electro-optical potential
landscape engineering with local exciton ionization to control the scattering
dynamics underneath the gate. We furthermore demonstrate that our device has a
region of negative differential resistance and features a completely new way to
create bistable behavior.
