  Liquid Metal Batteries (LMBs) are a promising grid-scale energy storage
technology that offer low costs per kilowatt-hour, high energy and current
densities, as well as low fade rates. The all-liquid composition of the
batteries, as well as the presence of temperature gradients and electric and
magnetic fields, result in the occurrence of multiple fluid phenomena. These
can affect the hydrodynamic stability of the battery, thereby making their
interactions critical to understand. In this work, the interaction of
Rayleigh-B\'enard convection and Electro-vortex flow is investigated as these
types of flow will be present in Liquid Metal Batteries from laboratory to
grid-scale. A single-layer electrode is simulated, and the computed results
compared with experimental data from the literature. It was found that
Rayleigh-B\'enard convection is unsteady in the liquid metal electrode. The
introduction of a 2 A current stabilises the convection cells, whilst the
introduction of a 40 A current leads to the dominance of Electro-vortex flow at
the central region of the electrode. The results in this work matching
experimental data closer than previously published models offering insight into
the interaction between Rayleigh-B\'enard convection and Electro-vortex flow in
the anodes of discharging Liquid Metal Batteries.
