  In this paper, stress-constrained topology optimization is applied to the
design of compliant displacement magnification mechanisms. By formulating the
objective function based on the concept of effective energy, it is not
necessary to place artificial spring components at the boundaries of the output
and input ports as in previous methods. This makes it possible to design
mechanisms that do not receive a reaction force at the output port, such as
sensors. Furthermore, by imposing a constraint on the maximum stress evaluated
in terms of the p-norm of the von Mises equivalent stress, problems such as
stress concentration can be avoided. Several numerical examples of displacement
magnification mechanisms are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed method.
