  During various stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries implemented diverse
vaccine management approaches, influenced by variations in infrastructure and
socio-economic conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of
optimization models developed by the research community throughout the COVID-19
era, aimed at enhancing vaccine distribution and establishing a standardized
framework for future pandemic preparedness. These models address critical
issues such as site selection, inventory management, allocation strategies,
distribution logistics, and route optimization encountered during the COVID-19
crisis. A unified framework is employed to describe the models, emphasizing
their integration with epidemiological models to facilitate a holistic
understanding. This article also summarizes evolving nature of literature,
relevant research gaps, and authors' perspectives for model selection. Finally,
future research scopes are detailed both in the context of modeling and
solutions approaches.
