  Metaphors of Computation and Information tended to detract attention from the
intrinsic modes of neural system functions, uncontaminated by the observer's
role for collection and interpretation of experimental data. Recognizing the
self-referential mode of function, and the propensity for self-organization to
critical states requires a fundamental re-orientation with emphasis on the
conceptual approaches of Complex System Dynamics. Accordingly, local
cooperative processes, intrinsic to neural structures and of fractal nature,
call for applying Fractional Calculus and models of Random Walks in Theoretical
Neuroscience studies.
