  The IsoDAR cyclotron is a 60 MeV cyclotron designed to output 10mA of protons
in order to be a driver for a neutrino experiment. Coupling the high flux
generated by the IsoDAR system with a kiloton neutrino detector will provide
sterile neutrino exclusion searches covering anomalous regions indicated by
short baseline experiments. Simultaneously, the coupling of a high power target
and kiloton detector allows for the investigation of dark matter candidates,
namely axion-like particles. We have shown that nuclear excitations within the
IsoDAR target create a unique opportunity to produce axions and detect
monoenergetic peaks with the nearby kiloton detector. Beyond this, the high
power produced by the IsoDAR cyclotron can be used for applications beyond
particle physics. The IsoDAR cyclotron accelerates and extracts H$_2^+$, which
allows the beam to be split downstream, a versatile and important development
to alleviate the problem of producing high-power targets for the medical
isotope community. This thesis presents a proposal for production of an more
than an order of magnitude higher rates than are available at present for
certain highly-need medical isotopes, including Ac-225.
  In this thesis, we report results from a multi-cusp ion source that meets
these requirements and produces a record level of high purity, low emittance
H$_2^+$ current. The second has been to design a radio-frequency quadrupole
(RFQ) that will allow for gentle bunching of the high current before injection.
This is the first use of axial direct injection with a compact cyclotron. This
thesis reports the first application of machine learning to the RFQ design.
These tools enable the high currents required by IsoDAR cyclotron, leading to
important impact on the accelerator, medical, and physics communities.
