  Natural decomposition of organic matter is essential in food systems, and
compost is used worldwide as an organic fermented fertilizer. However, as a
feature of the ecosystem, its effects on the animals are poorly understood.
Here we show that oral administration of compost and/or its derived
thermophilic Bacillaceae, i.e., Caldibacillus hisashii and Weizmannia
coagulans, can modulate the prophylactic activities of various industrial
animals. The fecal omics analyses in the modulatory process showed an improving
trend dependent upon animal species, environmental conditions, and
administration. However, structural equation modeling (SEM) estimated the
grouping candidates of bacteria and metabolites as standard key components
beyond the animal species. In particular, the SEM model implied a strong
relationship among partly digesting fecal amino acids, increasing genus
Lactobacillus as inhabitant beneficial bacteria and 2-aminoisobutyric acid
involved in lantibiotics. These results highlight the potential role of compost
for sustainable protective control in agriculture, fishery, and livestock
industries.
