  Stent intervention is a recommended therapy to reduce the pressure gradient
and restore blood flow for patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA). In
this work, we developed a framework for personalized stent intervention in CoA
using in silico modeling, combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and
image-based prediction of the geometry of the aorta after stent intervention.
Firstly, the blood flow in the aorta, whose geometry was reconstructed from
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, was numerically modeled using the
lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Both large eddy simulation (LES) and direct
numerical simulation (DNS) were considered to adequately resolve the turbulent
hemodynamics, with boundary conditions extracted from phase-contrast flow MRI.
By comparing the results from CFD and 4D-Flow MRI in 3D-printed flow phantoms,
we concluded that the LBM based LES is capable of obtaining accurate aortic
flow with acceptable computational cost. In silico stent implantation for a
patient with CoA was then performed by predicting the deformed geometry after
stent intervention and predicting the blood flow. By evaluating the pressure
drop and maximum wall shear stress, an optimal stent can be selected.
