  Various types of topological defects in graphene are considered in the
framework of the continuum model for long-wavelength electronic excitations,
which is based on the Dirac--Weyl equation. The condition for the electronic
wave function is specified, and we show that a topological defect can be
presented as a pseudomagnetic vortex at the apex of a graphitic nanocone; the
flux of the vortex is related to the deficit angle of the cone. The cases of
all possible types of pentagonal defects, as well as several types of
heptagonal defects (with the numbers of heptagons up to three, and six), are
analyzed. The density of states and the ground state charge are determined.
