  Rising to Mach, the problem of establishing the unity of the physical essence
of the Universe on all space-time scales of its evolution is, apparently, one
of the main problems in contemporary epistemology. The issues are primarily
related to the problems of the dynamics of the Universe, namely, the need to
postulate hypothetical entities - dark energy and dark matter, whose nature is
unknown, but whose contribution to the energy content of the Universe is about
95%. A "severe trial for the entire fundamental theory" turned out to be a
discrepancy of 120 orders of magnitude between the experimentally established
value of the cosmological constant and the calculated value of the energy
density of the physical vacuum. Sharp questions arise also regarding the
physical essence of gravitation and the nature of its unique smallness as
compared with other interactions - nuclear ones, strong and weak, as well as
electromagnetic ones. Sufficiently acute problems in the perception of the
Universe as a single holistic system arise also at the level of microscales.
First of all, we mean here the so called low-energy nuclear reactions, which
are realized in the conditions of nonequilibrium low temperature plasma. The
fundamental problems of such processes are usually not widely discussed, and
many physicists are very critical of the very possibility of implementing such
processes. Our main hypothesis for understanding the key problems of
contemporary fundamental physics, including the indicated cosmological problems
as well as a new class of electron-initiated nuclear chemical processes, is to
introduce the basic reference system associated with the electromagnetic
component of physical vacuum - EM vacuum of the expanding Universe, with a
selection of global time t, being common for all points of the expanding
Universe and measured starting from the time of t = 0, which corresponds to the
Big Bang.
