  This paper proposes a framework that holistically places the Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) Artefact in Capability Approach (CA). The
framework harmonises the different conceptualisations of technology within
CA-based frameworks in ICT4D, in order to address the inconsistencies. To
illustrate the framework, while simultaneously addressing the highest thematic
research gap among post-2015 ICT4D research priorities, the study collected
primary data from users of Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Solar Home Systems who reside
in rural Kenya. Using the framework, the study revealed that the ICT-artefact
can holistically be conceptualised within three of CA's concepts: under
material resources as a capability input; as a new category of conversion
factors (technological conversion factors); and as a component within the
structural context. The study further demonstrated how the same ICT artefact
could play out in the three different conceptualisations, resulting in
different development outcomes for individuals. The study finally presents the
implications for policy and practice.
