  In this review we will concentrate on the nonperturbative effects in the
properties of hadrons made from the light-heavy and heavy-heavy quarks in the
framework of Instanton Liquid Model (ILM) of QCD vacuum. We briefly discuss the
main features of ILM and its applicability in the heavy quark sector. The
properties of gluonic systems, light and heavy quark correlators in the
instanton background are also analyzed. Consideration of the both, perturbative
and nonperturbative, gluon effects in the instanton background for the single
heavy quark will lead to the mass shift due to the direct-instanton
nonperturbative and ILM modified perturbative contributions, respectively. For
the interacting heavy quark-antiquarks, the potential consists the direct
instanton induced part and the one-gluon exchange (OGE) perturbative part. OGE
interactions are screened at large distances due to the nonperturbative
dynamics. We discuss the estimations of instanton contributions in the
phenomenological Cornell type potential model. As related to the experimental
data we discuss the charmonium properties and the role of instanton effects in
their spectra and transitions. We discuss also the main features of heavy-light
quarks systems in the ILM. As an example, it is considering the process of
pions emission by exited heavy quarkonium states.
