  We aim to design a fairness-aware allocation approach to maximize the
geographical diversity and avoid unfairness in the sense of demographic
disparity. During the development of this work, the COVID-19 pandemic is still
spreading in the U.S. and other parts of the world on large scale. Many poor
communities and minority groups are much more vulnerable than the rest. To
provide sufficient vaccine and medical resources to all residents and
effectively stop the further spreading of the pandemic, the average medical
resources per capita of a community should be independent of the community's
demographic features but only conditional on the exposure rate to the disease.
In this article, we integrate different aspects of resource allocation and seek
a synergistic intervention strategy that gives vulnerable populations with
higher priority when distributing medical resources. This prevention-centered
strategy is a trade-off between geographical coverage and social group
fairness. The proposed principle can be applied to other scarce resources and
social benefits allocation.
