  High-resolution direct numerical simulation data for three-dimensional
Navier-Stokes turbulence in a periodic box are used to study the scaling
behavior of low-order velocity structure functions with positive and negative
powers. Similar to high-order statistics, the low-order relative scaling
exponents exhibit unambiguous departures from the Kolmogorov 1941 theory and
agree well with existing multiscaling models. No transition from normal scaling
to anomalous scaling is observed.
