  In this paper, we introduce the Fourier-restricted Euler and hypodissipative
Navier--Stokes equations. These equations are analogous to the Euler and
hypodissipative Navier--Stokes equations respectively, but with the Helmholtz
projection replaced by a projection onto a more restrictive constraint space;
the $(u\cdot\nabla)u$ nonlinearity is otherwise unchanged. The constraint space
restricts the divergence-free velocity to specific Fourier modes, which have a
dyadic shell structure, and are constructed iteratively using permutations.
  In the inviscid case -- and in the hypo-viscous case when
$\alpha<\frac{\log(3)}{6\log(2)} \approx .264$ -- we prove finite-time blowup
for a set of solutions with a discrete group of symmetries. Our blowup Ansatz
is odd, permutation symmetric, and mirror symmetric about the plane
$x_1+x_2+x_3=0$. The Fourier-restricted Euler and hypodissipative
Navier--Stokes equations respect both the energy equality and the identity for
enstrophy growth from the full Euler and hypodissipative Navier--Stokes
equations respectively, which is a substantial advance over the previous
literature on Euler and Navier--Stokes model equations.
