  This report summarizes the latest developments in the CTEQ-TEA global
analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the nucleon. The focus is
on recent NNLO fits to high-precision LHC data at 8 and 13 TeV, including
Drell-Yan, jet, and top-quark pair production, pursued on the way toward the
release of the new generation of CTEQ-TEA general-purpose PDFs. The report also
discusses advancements in statistical and numerical methods for PDF
determination and uncertainty quantification, highlighting the importance of
robust and replicable uncertainties for high-stakes observables. Additionally,
it covers phenomenological studies related to PDF determination, such as the
interplay of experimental constraints, exploration of correlations between
high-$x$ nucleon sea and low-energy parity-violating measurements, fitted charm
in the nucleon, the photon PDF in the neutron, and simultaneous SMEFT-PDF
analyses.
