  We reexamine the recently proposed "little inflation" scenario that allows
for a strong first order phase-transition of QCD at non-negligible baryon
number in the early universe and its possible observable consequences. The
scenario is based on the assumptions of a strong mechanism for baryogenesis and
a quasistable QCD-medium state which triggers a short inflationary period of
inflation diluting the baryon asymmetry to the value observed today. The
cosmological implications are reexamined, namely effects on primordial density
fluctuations up to dark matter mass scales of $M_{max} \sim 1 M_{\astrosun}$,
change in the spectral slope up to $M_{max} \sim 10^6 M_{\astrosun}$,
production of seeds for the present galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields
and a gravitational wave spectrum with a peak frequency around $\nu_{peak} \sim
4 \cdot 10^{-8} Hz$. We discuss the issue of nucleation in more detail and
employ a chiral effective model of QCD to study the impact on small scale
structure formation.
