  One of today's most significant societal challenges is building AI systems
whose behaviour, or the behaviour it enables within communities of interacting
agents (human and artificial), aligns with human values. To address this
challenge, we detail a formal model of human values for their explicit
computational representation. To our knowledge, this has not been attempted as
yet, which is surprising given the growing volume of research integrating
values within AI. Taking as our starting point the wealth of research
investigating the nature of human values from social psychology over the last
few decades, we set out to provide such a formal model. We show how this model
can provide the foundational apparatus for AI-based reasoning over values, and
demonstrate its applicability in real-world use cases. We illustrate how our
model captures the key ideas from social psychology research and propose a
roadmap for future integrated, and interdisciplinary, research into human
values in AI. The ability to automatically reason over values not only helps
address the value alignment problem but also facilitates the design of AI
systems that can support individuals and communities in making more informed,
value-aligned decisions. More and more, individuals and organisations are
motivated to understand their values more explicitly and explore whether their
behaviours and attitudes properly reflect them. Our work on modelling human
values will enable AI systems to be designed and deployed to meet this growing
need.
