  In contrast to the abundance of work on the anomalous behavior of water, the
relationship between the water's thermodynamic anomalies and kinetics of phase
transition from metastable water is relatively unexplored. In this work, we
have employed classical density functional theory to provide a unified and
coherent picture of nucleation (both vapor and ice) from metastable water,
especially at negative pressure conditions. Our results suggest a peculiar
non-monotonic temperature dependence of liquid-vapor surface tension at
temperatures where liquid-vapor coexistence is metastable with respect to the
ice phase. The vapor nucleation barrier on isochoric cooling also shows a
non-monotonic temperature dependence. We further note that, for lower density
isochores, the temperature of minimum vapor nucleation barrier ($T_{\Delta
\Omega_{\rm v/min}^*}$) does not coincide with the temperature of maximum
density (TMD) where metastability is maximum. The temperature difference
between the $T_{\Delta \Omega_{\rm v/min}^*}$ and the TMD, however, decreases
with increasing the density of the isochore, suggesting a strong correlation
between the propensity of cavitation and metastability of the liquid water at
high densities. The vapor nucleation barrier along isobaric cooling shows an
interesting crossover behavior where it first increases on lowering the
temperature and then shows a non-monotonic behavior in the vicinity of the
Widom line on further lowering the temperature. Our results on the ice
nucleation from metastable water show an anomalous retracing behavior of the
ice nucleation barrier along isotherms and theoretically validate the recent
findings that the reentrant ice(Ih)-liquid coexistence can induce a drastic
change in the kinetics of ice nucleation. In addition, this study also provides
deeper insights into the origin of the isothermal compressibility maximum on
isochoric cooling.
