  In recent years, Chile has experienced an extraordinary drought that has had
significant impacts on both the livelihoods of people and the environment,
including the Andean glaciers. This study focuses on analyzing the surface
processes of Universidad Glacier, a benchmark glacier for the Dry Andes.
Multiple remote sensing datasets are used alongside a novel spectral index
designed for mapping of rock material located on the glacier's surface. Our
findings highlight the precarious state of the glacier, which serves as a
crucial water source for the region. The glacier exhibits locally varied debris
accumulation and margin retreat. The most significant impacts are observed on
the tongue and secondary accumulation cirques, with the latter at risk of
disappearing. Debris cover on the tongue expands, reaching higher elevations,
and is accompanied by glacier retreat, especially at higher altitudes. The
equilibrium line is rapidly shifting upglacier, although mid-season snow cover
tends to reach the 2013 equilibrium line even by 2020. Changes in stream
density on the glacier's tongue indicate an increased water supply in this
area, likely due to enhanced melting of glacial ice. These observed processes
align well with meteorological data obtained from models. The behavior of dust
and debris is influenced by precipitation amount, while the rate of retreat is
linked to air temperature.
