  Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been widely used in
missing tag detection to reduce and avoid inventory shrinkage. In this
application, promptly finding out the missing event is of paramount importance.
However, existing missing tag detection protocols cannot efficiently handle the
presence of a large number of unexpected tags whose IDs are not known to the
reader, which shackles the time efficiency. To deal with the problem of
detecting missing tags in the presence of unexpected tags, this paper
introduces a two-phase Bloom filter-based missing tag detection protocol
(BMTD). The proposed BMTD exploits Bloom filter in sequence to first deactivate
the unexpected tags and then test the membership of the expected tags, thus
dampening the interference from the unexpected tags and considerably reducing
the detection time. Moreover, the theoretical analysis of the protocol
parameters is performed to minimize the detection time of the proposed BMTD and
achieve the required reliability simultaneously. Extensive experiments are then
conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed BMTD. The results
demonstrate that the proposed BMTD significantly outperforms the
state-of-the-art solutions.
