  Non-invasive imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and studying eye
diseases. However, existing photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy (PAOM) techniques in
mice have limitations due to handling restrictions, suboptimal optical
properties, limited availability of light sources and permissible light fluence
at the retina. This study introduces an innovative approach that utilizes Rose
Bengal, a contrast agent, to enhance PAOM contrast. This enables visualization
of deeper structures like the choroidal microvasculature and sclera in the
mouse eye using visible light. The integration of near-infrared-II optical
coherence tomography (NIR-II OCT) provides additional tissue contrast and
insights into potential NIR-II PAOM capabilities. To optimize imaging, we
developed a cost-effective 3D printable mouse eye phantom and a fully 3D
printable tip/tilt mouse platform. This solution elevates PAOM to a
user-friendly technology, which can be used to address pressing research
questions concerning several ocular diseases such as myopia, glaucoma and/or
age-related macular degeneration in the future.
