  I review the status of the extraction of NRQCD color-octet $J/\psi$
production matrix elements. Large theoretical uncertainties in current
extractions from hadroproduction and photoproduction are emphasized.
Leptoproduction of $J/\psi$ is calculated within the NRQCD factorization
formalism. Color-octet contributions dominate the cross section, allowing for a
reliable extraction of $<{\cal O}_8^{J/\psi}(^1S_0)>$ and $<{\cal
O}_8^{J/\psi}(^3P_0)>$. A comparison with preliminary data from the H1
collaboration shows that leading order color-octet mechanisms agree with the
measured total cross section for $Q^2 > 4m_c^2$, while the color-singlet model
underpredicts the cross section by a factor of 5.
