  Accurate prediction of a dense spray using an Euler-Lagrange approach is
challenging because of high volume fraction of the dispersed phase due to
subgrid cluster of droplets. To accurately model dense sprays, one needs to
capture this effect by taking into account the spatio-temporal changes in the
volume fraction of the carrier phase due to the motion and presence of the
dispersed phase. This leads to zero-Mach number, variable density equations
which are commonly neglected in the standard two-way coupling spray
simulations. Using pressure-based solvers, this gives rise to a source term in
the pressure Poisson equation and a non-divergence free velocity field. To
validate the predictive capability of such approach, an atomized
non-evaporating dilute particulate round jet is first examined using Large Eddy
Simulation coupled with Point-Particle approach and then higher volume loadings
up to 38% are investigated with and without taking into account the volumetric
displacement effects. It is shown that for volume loadings above 5%, the
volumetric displacement effects enhance dynamics of the flow resulting in a
higher stream-wise mean and r.m.s. velocities compared to the results of
standard two-way coupling. This is more pronounced for the near field of the
jet where local volume fraction of the dispersed phase is relatively high. This
enhancement is conjectured to be due to the velocity divergence effect due to
the modified continuity equation where spatio-temporal variations in volume
fraction of the carrier phase increases velocity in the regions of high void
fraction.
