  The last two decades, in particular, have witnessed a large volume of
research revolving around structure-property correlation in Carbon based
nanocomposites, synthesized by several methods.In the simplest of terms, the
electronic properties of these nanomaterials, which form the present context of
discussion, vary mainly as a function of three parameters, out of which 2 are
process parameters (viz. the kind of reinforcement and method of synthesis) and
one is a structure-dependent parameter which is highly influenced by the two
aforementioned process parameters and plays a vital role in determining the
ionic and electronic transport phenomenon in these materials. To be more
specific in the context of structure dependent parameter, the interaction
between electrons and the equilibrium 0D (point) defects, along with different
types of interfaces, plays a crucial role in the understanding of electronic
properties, apart from physical and chemical properties in these materials.
These materials find applications in a large number of sectors, such as
nanoelectronics, supercapacitors, absorbent, photocatalytic, photovoltaic,
solar cells, sensors, and energy storage due to their exceptional electronic,
mechanical and chemical properties. The present chapter will intend to focus
primarily on providing a brief overview of the state-of-the-art on research
along with detailed discussions on some recent developments in determining and
understanding electronic properties of some conventional Carbon-based
nanocomposites (synthesized by several different techniques) based on the
structure property correlation of these materials and finally, address some of
the significant challenges in this field.
