  In this paper we argue, drawing from the perspectives of cybersecurity and
social psychology, that Internet-based manipulation of an individual or group
reality using ambient tactical deception is possible using only software and
changing words in a web browser. We call this attack Ambient Tactical Deception
(ATD). Ambient, in artificial intelligence, describes software that is
"unobtrusive," and completely integrated into a user's life. Tactical deception
is an information warfare term for the use of deception on an opposing force.
We suggest that an ATD attack could change the sentiment of text in a web
browser. This could alter the victim's perception of reality by providing
disinformation. Within the limit of online communication, even a pause in
replying to a text can affect how people perceive each other. The outcomes of
an ATD attack could include alienation, upsetting a victim, and influencing
their feelings about an election, a spouse, or a corporation.
