  The aim of the present study was to investigate memory effects, force
accuracy, and variability during constant isometric force at different force
levels, using auditory biofeedback. Two types of transition trials were used: a
biofeedback-no biofeedback transition trial and a no biofeedback-biofeedback
transition trial. The auditory biofeedback produced a low- or high-pitched
sound when participants produced an isometric force lower or higher than
required, respectively. To achieve this goal, 16 participants were asked to
produce and maintain two different isometric forces (30$\pm$5% and 90N$\pm$5%)
during 25s. Constant error and standard deviation of the isometric force were
calculated. While accuracy and variability of the isometric force varied
according to the transition trial, a drift of the force appeared in the no
biofeedback condition. This result suggested that the degradation of
information about force output in the no biofeedback condition was provided by
a leaky memory buffer which was mainly dependent on the sense of effort.
Because this drift remained constant whatever the transition used, this memory
buffer seemed to be independent of short-term memory processes.
