  The evolution of networking paradigms has led to the emergence of
Information-Centric Networking (ICN), Content-centric networking (CCNx), and
Named Data Networking (NDN). These innovative architectures move away from
traditional host-centric models to focus on content-oriented approaches. This
paper offers a succinct understanding and in-depth exploration of these
revolutionary networking frameworks. It explores into their foundational
concepts, technical principles, and the latest developments. Also, the paper
examines the current standards that govern these architectures and discusses
their practical applications in the real world. By providing a comprehensive
overview, this study aims to highlight how ICN, CCNx, and NDN are reshaping the
landscape of digital communications, emphasizing efficiency, security, and
scalability in data handling and distribution across networks.
