  The ability to order outcomes is necessary to make comparisons which is
complicated when there is no natural ordering on the space of outcomes, as in
the case of functional outcomes. This paper examines methods for extracting a
scalar summary from functional or longitudinal outcomes based on an average
rate of change which can be used to compare curves. Common approaches used in
practice use a change score or an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to make
comparisons. However, these standard approaches only use a fraction of the
available data and are inefficient. We derive measures of performance of an
averaged rate of change of a functional outcome and compare this measure to
standard measures. Simulations and data from a depression clinical trial are
used to illustrate results.
