  Quantum contextuality is one of the most perplexing and peculiar features of
quantum mechanics. Concisely, it refers to the observation that the result of a
single measurement in quantum mechanics depends on the set of joint
measurements actually performed. The study of contextuality has a long history
at University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Here we review the
theoretical and experimental advances in this direction achieved at USTC over
the last 20 years. We start by introducing the renowned simplest proof of
state-independent contextuality. We then present several experimental tests of
quantum versus noncontextual theories with photons. Finally, we discuss the
investigation on the role of contextuality in general quantum information
science and its application in quantum computation.
