  It is anticipated that penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in
power systems will increase further in the next decades mainly due to
environmental issues. In the long term of several decades, which we refer to in
terms of the future grid (FG), balancing between supply and demand will become
dependent on demand actions including demand response (DR) and energy storage.
So far, FG feasibility studies have not considered these new demand-side
developments for modelling future demand. In Australia, installed rooftop
photovoltaic (PV) generation has been increasing significantly in recent years,
and this is increasingly influence the nett load profile for FG feasibility
studies. This paper proposes an aggregate nett load or demand model to be used
at higher voltage levels considering the effect of rooftop PV, energy storage
and DR for FG scenarios, which is inspired by the smart home concept. The
proposed model is formulated as an optimization problem aiming at minimizing
the electricity cost. As a case study, the effect of the load model is studied
on the load profile, balancing and loadability of the Australian National
Electricity Market in 2020 with the increased penetration of wind and solar
generation.
