  It is crucial to understand the extreme intermittency of ocean and lake
turbulence and turbulent mixing in order to estimate vertical fluxes of
momentum, heat and mass by Osborn-Cox flux-dissipation methods. Vast
undersampling errors occur by this method when intermittency is not taken into
account. Oceanic turbulence increases intermittency as the result of a
self-similar nonlinear cascade covering a wide range of scales, mostly
horizontal. Extremely large intermittency factors Ie and Ic measured for
Galactic and oceanic turbulence are in the range 3-7. These values are
consistent with the third universal similarity hypothesis for turbulence of
Kolmogorov (1962) and a length scale range over 3-7 decades from viscous or
diffusive to buoyancy or Coriolis force domination, where the measured
universal intermittency constant m_u = 0.44, Gibson (1991a), is a result of
singularities in multifractal turbulence dissipation networks and their
degeneration, Bershadskii and Gibson (1994). Nonlinear cascades of
gravitational structure formation produce intermittent lognormal number
densities of cosmological objects for the same reasons.
