  Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging (CXDI) technique offers unique insights
into the nanoscale world, enabling the reconstruction of 3D structures with a
nanoscale resolution achieved through computational phase reconstruction from
measured scattered intensity maps. Computational demands of 3D CXDI, however,
limit its real-time application in experimental settings. This work presents a
carousel phase retrieval algorithm (CPRA) that enables the real-time,
high-resolution reconstruction of computationally complex 3D objects. CPRA is
based on representing the 3D reconstruction problem as a set of 2D
reconstructions of projected images corresponding to different experimentally
collected angles via the Fourier slice theorem. Consistency between the 2D
reconstructed images is based on an iterative procedure, in which each 2D
reconstruction accounts for the adjacent 2D reconstructed images in a periodic
(carousel) manner. Demonstrations on complex systems, including a lithium-rich
layered oxide particle and a Staphylococcus aureus biological cell, demonstrate
that CPRA significantly enhances the reconstruction quality and enables the
reconstruction process to be completed in real time during experiment.
