  Bilevel optimization, a well-established field for modeling hierarchical
decision-making problems, has recently intersected with sustainability studies
and practices, resulting in a series of works focusing on bilevel optimization
problems involving multiple decision makers with diverse economic,
environmental, and social objectives. This survey offers a comprehensive
overview of sustainable bilevel optimization applications. First, we introduce
the main concepts related to the nature of bilevel optimization problems and
present some typical mathematical formulations for bilevel pricing problems
that cover the majority of the collected applications. Then, we review the most
relevant works published in sustainable bilevel optimization, giving a
classification based on the application domains and their association with
well-known operations research problems, while briefly discussing the proposed
solution methodologies. We survey applications on transportation and logistics,
production planning and manufacturing, water, waste, and agriculture
management, supply chains, and disaster prevention and response. Finally, we
outline a list of open questions and opportunities for future research in this
domain.
