  Single-electron transistors (SETs) have been extensively used as charge
sensors in many areas such as quantum computations. In general, the signals of
SETs are smaller than those of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)
devices, and many amplifying circuits are required to enlarge these signals.
Instead of amplifying a single small output, we theoretically consider the
amplification of pairs of SETs, such that one of the SETs is used as a
reference. We simulate the two-stage amplification process of SETs and CMOS
devices using a conventional SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit
Emphasis) circuit simulator. Implementing the pairs of SETs into CMOS circuits
makes the integration of SETs more feasible because of direct signal transfer
from the SET to the CMOS circuits.
