  Over the last few years, several major scientific fraud cases have shocked
the scientific community. The number of retractions each year has also
increased tremendously, especially in the biomedical field, and scientific
misconduct accounts for approximately more than half of those retractions. It
is assumed that co-authors of retracted papers are affected by their
colleagues' misconduct, and the aim of this study is to provide empirical
evidence of the effect of retractions in biomedical research on co-authors'
research careers. Using data from the Web of Science (WOS), we measured the
productivity, impact and collaboration of 1,123 co-authors of 293 retracted
articles for a period of five years before and after the retraction. We found
clear evidence that collaborators do suffer consequences of their colleagues'
misconduct, and that a retraction for fraud has higher consequences than a
retraction for error. Our results also suggest that the extent of these
consequences is closely linked with the ranking of co-authors on the retracted
paper, being felt most strongly by first authors, followed by the last authors,
while the impact is less important for middle authors.
