  Intensity Frontier experiments are often evaluated by the smallest coupling
it can probe, irrespective of what particle can be found or the scientific
significance of its detection. In this work, we propose a new framework that
determines the number of events required to characterize new particle
properties. For example, we show that Heavy Neutral Leptons require 100 events
to establish the neutrino mass hierarchy, and 1000 events to reveal the
Majorana phase of active neutrinos. Ultimately, this framework presents a more
objective way to connect experiments to their scientific outcomes.
