  We establish convolution inequalities for Besov spaces $B_{p,q}^s$ and
Triebel--Lizorkin spaces $F_{p,q}^s$. As an application, we study the mapping
properties of convolution semigroups, considered as operators on the function
spaces $A_{p,q}^s$, $A \in \{B,F\}$. Our results apply to a wide class of
convolution semigroups including the Gau{\ss}--Weierstra{\ss} semigroup, stable
semigroups and heat kernels for higher-order powers of the Laplacian
$(-\Delta)^m$, and we can derive various caloric smoothing estimates.
