  The disbalance of Supply and Demand is typically considered as the driving
force of the markets. However, the measurement or estimation of Supply and
Demand at price different from the execution price is not possible even after
the transaction. An approach in which Supply and Demand are always matched, but
the rate $I=dv/dt$ (number of units traded per unit time) of their matching
varies, is proposed. The state of the system is determined not by a price $p$,
but by a probability distribution defined as the square of a wavefunction
$\psi(p)$. The equilibrium state $\psi^{[H]}$ is postulated to be the one
giving maximal $I$ and obtained from maximizing the matching rate functional
$<I\psi^2(p)>/<\psi^2(p)>$, i.e. solving the dynamic equation of the form
"future price tend to the value maximizing the number of shares traded per unit
time". An application of the theory in a quasi--stationary case is
demonstrated. This transition from Supply and Demand concept to Liquidity
Deficit concept, described by the matching rate $I$, allows to operate only
with observable variables, and have a theory applicable to practical problems.
