  Tracking the nonlinear behavior of an RF power amplifier (PA) is challenging.
To tackle this problem, we build a connection between residual learning and the
PA nonlinearity, and propose a novel residual neural network structure,
referred to as the residual real-valued time-delay neural network (R2TDNN).
Instead of learning the whole behavior of the PA, the R2TDNN focuses on
learning its nonlinear behavior by adding identity shortcut connections between
the input and output layer. In particular, we apply the R2TDNN to digital
predistortion and measure experimental results on a real PA. Compared with
neural networks recently proposed by Liu et al. and Wang et al., the R2TDNN
achieves the best linearization performance in terms of normalized mean square
error and adjacent channel power ratio with less or similar computational
complexity. Furthermore, the R2TDNN exhibits significantly faster training
speed and lower training error.
