  We systematically investigate rogue wave's spatial-temporal pattern in $N$
$(N\geq2)$-component coupled defocusing nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations.
The fundamental rogue wave solutions are given in a unified form for both
focusing and defocusing cases. We establish the quantitative correspondence
between modulation instability and rogue wave patterns, which develops the
previously reported inequality relation into an equation correspondence. As an
example, we demonstrate phase diagrams for rogue wave patterns in a
two-component coupled system, based on the complete classification of their
spatial-temporal structures. The phase diagrams enable us to predict various
rogue wave patterns, such as the ones with a four-petaled structure in both
components. These results are meaningful for controlling the rogue wave
excitations in two orthogonal polarization optical fibers.
