  Crowd studies have gained increasing relevance due to the recurring incidents
of crowd crush accidents. In addressing the issue of the crowd's persistent
dynamism, this paper explored the macroscopic and microscopic features of
pedestrians crossing in static and dynamic contexts, employing a series of
systematic experiments. Firstly, empirical evidence has confirmed the existence
of crowd's persistent dynamism. Subsequently, the research delves into two
aspects, qualitative and quantitative, to address the following questions:(1)
Cross pedestrians tend to avoid high-density areas when crossing static crowds
and particularly evade pedestrians in front to avoid deceleration, thus
inducing the formation of cross-channels, a self-organization phenomenon.(2) In
dynamic crowds, when pedestrian suffers spatial constrained, two patterns
emerge: decelerate or detour. Research results indicate the differences in
pedestrian crossing behaviors between static and dynamic crowds, such as the
formation of crossing channels, backward detours, and spiral turning. However,
the strategy of pedestrian crossing remains consistent: utilizing detours to
overcome spatial constraints. Finally, the empirical results of this study
address the final question: pedestrians detouring causes crowds' persistent
collective dynamism. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of
pedestrian dynamics in extreme conditions and provide empirical support for
research on individual movement patterns and crowd behavior prediction.
