  We discuss heavy-flavor production at hadron colliders in recent global QCD
analyses to determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton. We
discuss heavy-flavor treatments in precision theory predictions at the LHC. In
particular, we discuss factorization schemes in presence of heavy flavors in
proton-proton collisions, as well as the impact of heavy-flavor production at
the LHC on PDFs. We show results of recent updates beyond CT18, the latest
global QCD analysis from the CTEQ-TEA group.
