  Estimating HIV-1 incidence using biomarker assays in cross-sectional surveys
is important for understanding the HIV pandemic. However, the utility of these
estimates has been limited by uncertainty about what input parameters to use
for False Recency Rate (FRR) and Mean Duration of Recent Infection (MDRI) after
applying recent infection testing algorithm (RITA). This article shows how
testing and diagnosis in a population reduce both FRR and MDRI compared to a
treatment-naive population. Using self-reported testing history, a new method
is proposed for calculating appropriate context-specific estimates of FRR and
MDRI. The result of this is a new formula for incidence that depends only on
reference FRR and MDRI parameters derived in an undiagnosed, treatment-naive,
non-elite controller, non-AIDS-progressed population.
