  Using the Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer Imaging array (ACIS-I),
we have carried out a deep hard X-ray observation of the Galactic plane region
at (l,b) ~ (28.5, 0.0), where no discrete X-ray source had been reported
previously. We have detected 274 new point X-ray sources (4 sigma confidence)
as well as strong Galactic diffuse emission within two partially overlapping
ACIS-I fields (~250 arcmin^2in total). Sum of all the detected point source
fluxes accounts for only ~ 10 % of the total X-ray flux in the field of view.
Even hypothesizing a new population of much dimmer and numerous Galactic point
sources, the total observed X-ray flux cannot be explained. Therefore, we
conclude that X-ray emission from the Galactic plane has truly diffuse origin.
Only 26 point sources were detected both in the soft and hard bands, indicating
that there are two distinct classes of the X-ray sources distinguished by the
spectral hardness ratio. Surface number density of the hard sources is only
slightly higher than that measured at the high Galactic latitude regions,
indicating that majority of the hard sources are background AGNs. Following up
the Chandra observation, we have performed a near-infrared (NIR) survey with
SOFI at ESO/NTT. Almost all the soft X-ray sources have been identified in NIR
and their spectral types are consistent with main-sequence stars, suggesting
most of them are nearby X-ray active stars. On the other hand, only 22 % of the
hard sources had NIR counterparts, which are presumably Galactic. From X-ray
and NIR spectral study, they are most likely to be quiescent cataclysmic
variables. We have also carried out a precise spectral study of the Galactic
diffuse X-ray emission excluding the point sources.
