  Movable antennas (MAs), traditionally explored in antenna design, have
recently garnered significant attention in wireless communications due to their
ability to dynamically adjust the antenna positions to changes in the
propagation environment. However, previous research has primarily focused on
characterizing the performance limits of various MA-assisted wireless
communication systems, with less emphasis on their practical implementation. To
address this gap, in this article, we propose several general MA architectures
that extend existing designs by varying several key aspects to cater to
different application scenarios and tradeoffs between cost and performance.
Additionally, we draw from fields such as antenna design and mechanical control
to provide an overview of candidate implementation methods for the proposed MA
architectures, utilizing either direct mechanical or equivalent electronic
control. Simulation results are finally presented to support our discussion.
