  In the near future, the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the European
Spallation Source aim to reach unprecedented sensitivity in the search for
neutron-antineutron ($n\text{-}\bar{n}$) oscillations, whose observation would
directly imply $|\Delta B| = 2$ violation and hence might hint towards a close
link to the mechanism behind the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In
this work, we explore the consequences of such a discovery for baryogenesis
first within a model-independent effective field theory approach. We then
refine our analysis by including a source of CP violation and different
hierarchies between the scales of new physics using a simplified model. We
analyse the implication for baryogenesis in different scenarios and confront
our results with complementary experimental constraints from dinucleon decay,
LHC, and meson oscillations. We find that for a small mass hierarchy between
the new degrees of freedom, an observable rate for $n\text{-}\bar{n}$
oscillation would imply that the washout processes are too strong to generate
any sizeable baryon asymmetry, even if the CP violation is maximal. On the
other hand, for a large hierarchy between the new degrees of freedom, our
analysis shows that successful baryogenesis can occur over a large part of the
parameter space, opening the window to be probed by current and future
colliders and upcoming $n\text{-}\bar{n}$ oscillation searches.
