  The uplink performance of massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)
systems where the base stations (BS) employ low-resolution analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs) is analyzed. A high performance MMSE receiver that takes both
additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and quantization noise into consideration
is designed, which works well for both cases of uniform resolution ADCs and
non-uniform resolution ADCs. With the proposed MMSE receiver, we then employ
the random matrix theory to derive the asymptotic equivalent of the uplink
spectral efficiency (SE) of the system. Numerical results show the tightness of
the asymptotic equivalent of the uplink SE, and massive MIMO with
low-resolution ADCs can still achieve the satisfying uplink SE by increasing
the number of antennas at BS.
