  To fully exploit van der Waals materials and heterostructures, new
mass-scalable production routes that are low cost but preserve the high
electronic and optical quality of the single crystals are required. Here, we
demonstrate an approach to realize a variety of functional heterostructures
based on van der Waals nanocrystal films produced through the mechanical
abrasion of bulk powders. Significant performance improvements are realized in
our devices compared to those fabricated through ink-jet printing of
nanocrystal dispersions. To highlight the simplicity and scalability of the
technology a multitude of different functional heterostructure devices such as
resistors, capacitors, photovoltaics as well as energy devices such as
large-area catalyst coatings for hydrogen evolution reaction and multilayer
heterostructures for triboelectric nanogenerators are shown. The simplicity of
the device fabrication, scalability, and compatibility with flexible substrates
makes this a promising technological route for up-scalable van der Waals
heterostructures.
