  The fabrication of atomically precise structures with designer electronic
properties is one of the emerging topics in condensed matter physics. The
required level of structural control can either be reached through atomic
manipulation using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) or by
bottom-up chemical synthesis. In this review, we focus on recent progress in
constructing novel, atomically precise artificial materials: artificial
lattices built through atom manipulation and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs)
realized by on-surface synthesis. We summarize the required theoretical
background and the latest experiments on artificial lattices, topological
states in one-dimensional lattices, experiments on graphene nanoribbons and
graphene nanoribbon heterostructures, and topological states in graphene
nanoribbons. Finally, we conclude our review with an outlook to designer
quantum materials with engineered electronic structure.
