  The article presents the results of analysis of the spatial arrangement of
the wells on the unique slab from Srubna burial of kurgan field Tavriya-1
(Rostov region, Russia) by astronomical methods. At the slab revealed two
interrelated groups of wells, one of which - in the form of a circle, is
proposed to interpret how analemmatic sundial, and second group, consisting of
disparate wells, as auxiliary astronomical markers of rising luminaries
directions, to correct the position of the gnomon. Simultaneous location of
both groups of wells on the same slab is a possible indication of one of the
stages of development of the design features analemmatic sundial - setting
movable gnomon and technology of measuring time with it. It may point to local
origin, as the very idea of analemmatic sundial as well technology measurement
of time with them. The article also describes the model analemmatic sundial,
hour marks which in many cases coincide with the wells arranged in a circle,
particularly in a working range from 6 to 18 hours. In the study proposed a
method which can identify moments of solstices and equinoxes in ancient times
with the help of the gnomon of analemmatic sundial and mobile gnomons,
installed in wells belonging to the second group. The opportunity of use
analemmatic sundial as moondial in a full moon night. Slab with two groups of
wells is proposed to consider, as the oldest astronomical instrument discovered
in the Northern Black Sea coast, which allowed to observe the apparent motion
of the Sun and the Moon and allowed measure the time during the day, using
analemmatic sundial and at night during the full Moon - with the help of
moondial. Keywords: analemmatic sundial, moondial, srubna burial, slab, wells,
cupped depressions, gnomon, model, technology, astronomical methods,
archaeoastronomy.
