  Emergency services play a crucial role in safeguarding human life and
property within society. In this paper, we propose a network-based methodology
for calculating transportation access between emergency services and the
broader community. Using New York City as a case study, this study identifies
'emergency service deserts' based on the National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) guidelines, where accessibility to Fire, Emergency Medical Services,
Police, and Hospitals are compromised. The results show that while 95% of NYC
residents are well-served by emergency services, the residents of Staten Island
are disproportionately underserved. By quantifying the relationship between
first responder travel time, Emergency Services Sector (ESS) site density, and
population density, we discovered a negative power law relationship between
travel time and ESS site density. This relationship can be used directly by
policymakers to determine which parts of a community would benefit the most
from providing new ESS locations. Furthermore, this methodology can be used to
quantify the resilience of emergency service infrastructure by observing
changes in accessibility in communities facing threats.
