  Positioning has recently received considerable attention as a key enabler in
emerging applications such as extended reality, unmanned aerial vehicles and
smart environments. These applications require both data communication and
high-precision positioning, and thus they are particularly well-suited to be
offered in wireless networks (WNs). The purpose of this paper is to provide a
comprehensive overview of existing works and new trends in the field of
positioning techniques from both the academic and industrial perspectives. The
paper provides a comprehensive overview of positioning in WNs, covering the
background, applications, measurements, state-of-the-art technologies and
future challenges. The paper outlines the applications of positioning from the
perspectives of public facilities, enterprises and individual users. We
investigate the key performance indicators and measurements of positioning
systems, followed by the review of the key enabler techniques such as
artificial intelligence/large models and adaptive systems. Next, we discuss a
number of typical wireless positioning technologies. We extend our overview
beyond the academic progress, to include the standardization efforts, and
finally, we provide insight into the challenges that remain. The comprehensive
overview of exisitng efforts and new trends in the field of positioning from
both the academic and industrial communities would be a useful reference to
researchers in the field.
