  The determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy, whether the $\nu _3$
neutrino mass eigenstate is heavier or lighter than the $\nu _1$ and $\nu _2$
mass eigenstates, is one of the remaining undetermined fundamental aspects of
the Standard Model in the lepton sector. Furthermore the mass hierarchy
determination will have an impact in the quest of the neutrino nature (Dirac or
Majorana mass terms) towards the formulation of a theory of flavour. The
Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a reactor neutrino
experiment under construction at Kaiping, Jiangmen in Southern China composed
by a large liquid scintillator detector (sphere of 35.4 m of diameter)
surronding by 18000 large PMTs and 25000 small PMTs, a water cherenkov detector
and a top tracker detector. The large active mass (20 kton) and the
unprecedented energy resolution (3\% at 1 MeV) will allow to determine the
neutrino mass hierarchy with good sensitivity and to precisely measure the
neutrino mixing parameters, $\theta _{12}$, $\Delta m^2_{21} $, and $\Delta
m^2_{ee}$ below the 1\% level. Moreover, a large liquid scintillator detector
will allow to explore physics beyond mass hierarchy determination, in
particular on many oyher topics such as in astroparticle physics, like
supernova burst and diffuse supernova neutrinos, solar neutrinos, atmospheric
neutrinos, geo-neutrinos, nucleon decay, indirect dark matter searches and a
number of additional exotic searches. In this work the status and the
perspectives of the JUNO experiment will be described, focusing also on the
main physics aims and the other possible physics cases.
