  The invention of three-dimensional printers has led to major innovations in
tissue engineering. They have enabled the printing of complex geometries such
as those that occur in natural tissues, that were not possible with traditional
manufacturing techniques. Tissue engineering in particular deals with printing
bio-compatible material that may be infused with live cells. Thus additional
complexity is incurred because the live cells can migrate and proliferate and
thus change the printed geometry. One of the important issues is the prediction
of geometry and possibly mechanical properties of the steady state tissue. In
this short review, we will provide an overview of different tissue engineering
processes that are currently available. Furthermore, we will review two
important techniques, namely, Cellular Potts Model (CPM), and Cellular Particle
Dynamics (CPD) that have been used to predict the steady state of printed
tissue.
