  We study theoretically the Raman scattering spectra in the one-dimensional
(1D) quantum spin-1/2 antiferromagnets. The analysis reveals that their
low-energy dynamics is exquisitely sensitive to various perturbations to the
Heisenberg chain with nearest-neighbor exchange interactions, such as magnetic
anisotropy, longer-range exchange interactions, and bond dimerization. These
weak interactions are mainly responsible for the Raman scattering and give rise
to different types of spectra as functions of frequency, temperature, and
external field. In contrast to the Raman spectra in higher dimensions in which
the two-magnon process is dominant, those in 1D antiferromagnets provide much
richer information on these perturbations.
