  A search is performed for neutral non-standard-model Higgs bosons decaying to
two muons in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM).
Proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN Large
Hadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV were used, corresponding
to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The search is sensitive to
neutral Higgs bosons produced via the gluon fusion process or in association
with a $\mathrm{b\overline{b}}$ quark pair. No significant deviations from the
standard model expectation are observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level
are set in the context of the $m_\mathrm{h}^{\text{mod+}}$ and phenomenological
MSSM scenarios on the parameter $\tan\beta$ as a function of the mass of the
pseudoscalar A boson, in the range from 130 to 600 GeV. The results are also
used to set a model-independent limit on the product of the branching fraction
for the decay into a muon pair and the cross section for the production of a
scalar neutral boson, either via gluon fusion, or in association with b quarks,
in the mass range from 130 to 1000 GeV.
