  Designers use third-party intellectual property (IP) cores and outsource
various steps in the integrated circuit (IC) design and manufacturing flow. As
a result, security vulnerabilities have been rising. This is forcing IC
designers and end users to re-evaluate their trust in ICs. If attackers get
hold of an unprotected IC, they can reverse engineer the IC and pirate the IP.
Similarly, if attackers get hold of a design, they can insert malicious
circuits or take advantage of "backdoors" in a design. Unintended design bugs
can also result in security weaknesses.
  This tutorial paper provides an introduction to the domain of hardware
security through two pedagogical examples of hardware security problems. The
first is a walk-through of the scan chain-based side channel attack. The second
is a walk-through of logic locking of digital designs. The tutorial material is
accompanied by open access digital resources that are linked in this article.
