  The fluid dynamics of liquid droplet impact on surfaces hold significant
relevance to various industrial applications. However, high impact velocities
introduce compressible effects, leading to material erosion. A gap in
understanding and modeling these effects has motivated this study. We simulated
droplet impacts on surfaces and proposed a new analytical model for impact
pressure and droplet turning line, targeting at predictions for enhanced
cavitation. The highly compressed liquid behind the droplet expands sideways,
causing lateral jetting. As the droplet encounters a shock wave, it reflects as
a rarefaction wave, leading to low-pressure zones within the droplet. These
zones converge at the droplet's center, causing cavitation, which, upon
collapse, induces another shock wave, contributing to erosion. Using the
well-established model for the low-velocity impact shows a significant
discrepancy. Hence, an analytical model for the turning line radius is
introduced, incorporating the lateral jetting's characteristic length scale.
Comparing our model with existing ones, our new model exhibits superior
predictive accuracy.
