  Background: The brain's functional network constantly adapts to external
changes. However, the mechanisms underlying this dynamic adaptive behavior in
stroke patients with motor injuries and its role in post-stroke motor recovery
remain poorly understood.
  Method: This study conducted a long-term investigation involving 15
first-stroke patients. Each participant underwent five fMRI scans distributed
equally over a six-month period. Using functional neuroimaging data,
time-varying functional modularity in post-stroke patients was detected, and
subsequently, the dynamic brain behaviors, including recruitment, integration,
and flexibility, along with their longitudinal changes, were assessed.
  Results: Our findings reveal that stroke lesions lead to significant and
enduring alterations in all three dynamic behaviors within functional brain
networks. Furthermore, during the six-month recovery period, patients who
exhibited good and poor recovery showed notable differences in recruitment and
flexibility, indicating distinct recovery trajectories for these groups.
Notably, when predicting post-stroke recovery status, whole-brain recruitment
emerged as a robust and reliable feature, achieving an AUC of 85.93
  Significance: Our study offers a comprehensive depiction of dynamic brain
behavior in the post-ischemic-stroke brain, with a focus on longitudinal
changes concurrent with functional recovery. These dynamic patterns hold
promise as valuable tools for evaluating and predicting motor recovery
following stroke.
