  The quantum statistical parton distributions approach proposed more than one
decade ago is revisited by considering a larger set of recent and accurate Deep
Inelastic Scattering experimental results. It enables us to improve the
description of the data by means of a new determination of the parton
distributions. This global next-to-leading order QCD analysis leads to a good
description of several structure functions, involving unpolarized parton
distributions and helicity distributions, in a broad range of $x$ and $Q^2$ and
in terms of a rather small number of free parameters. There are several
challenging issues, in particular the behavior of $\bar d(x) / \bar u(x)$ at
large $x$, a possible large positive gluon helicity distribution, etc.. The
predictions of this theoretical approach will be tested for single-jet
production and charge asymmetry in $W^{\pm}$ production in $\bar p p$ and $p p$
collisions up to LHC energies, using recent data and also for forthcoming
experimental results.
