  Nanotechnology is enabling the development of a new generation of devices
which are able to sense, process and communicate, while being in the scale of
tens to hundreds of cubic nanometers. Such small, imperceptible devices enhance
not only current applications but enable entirely new paradigms especially for
in-body environments. This paper introduces a localization and tracking concept
for bionanosensors floating in the human bloodstream to detect anomalies in the
body. Besides the nanoscale sensors, the proposed system also comprises
macroscale anchor nodes attached to the skin of the monitored person. To
realize autonomous localization and resource-efficient wireless communication
between sensors and anchors, we propose to exploit inertial positioning and
sub-terahertz backscattering. The proposed system is a first step towards early
disease detection as it aims at localizing body regions which show anomalies.
Simulations are conducted to enable a systematical evaluation on the
feasibility of the approach.
