  Ultra-high bandwidth, negligible latency and seamless communication for
devices and applications are envisioned as major milestones that will
revolutionize the way by which societies create, distribute and consume
information. The remarkable expansion of wireless data traffic that we are
witnessing recently has advocated the investigation of suitable regimes in the
radio spectrum to satisfy users' escalating requirements and allow the
development and exploitation of both massive capacity and massive connectivity
of heterogeneous infrastructures. To this end, the Terahertz (THz) frequency
band (0.1-10 THz) has received noticeable attention in the research community
as an ideal choice for scenarios involving high-speed transmission.
Particularly, with the evolution of technologies and devices, advancements in
THz communication is bridging the gap between the millimeter wave (mmW) and
optical frequency ranges. Moreover, the IEEE 802.15 suite of standards has been
issued to shape regulatory frameworks that will enable innovation and provide a
complete solution that crosses between wired and wireless boundaries at 100
Gbps. Nonetheless, despite the expediting progress witnessed in THz wireless
research, the THz band is still considered one of the least probed frequency
bands. As such, in this work, we present an up-to-date review paper to analyze
the fundamental elements and mechanisms associated with the THz system
architecture.
