  Visual emergence is the phenomenon in which the visual system obtains a
holistic perception after grouping and reorganizing local signals. The picture
Dalmatian dog is known for its use in explaining visual emergence. This type of
image, which consists of a set of discrete black speckles (speckles), is called
an emerging image. Not everyone can find the dog in Dalmatian dog, and among
those who can, the time spent varies greatly. Although Gestalt theory
summarizes perceptual organization into several principles, it remains
ambiguous how these principles affect the perception of emerging images. This
study, therefore, designed three psychological experiments to explore the
factors that influence the perception of emerging images. In the first, we
found that the density of speckles in the local area and the arrangements of
some key speckles played a key role in the perception of an emerging case. We
set parameters in the algorithm to characterize these two factors. We then
automatically generated diversified emerging-test images (ETIs) through the
algorithm and verified their effectiveness in two subsequent experiments.
