  We employ an algebraic procedure based on quantum mechanics to propose a
`quantum number theory' (QNT) as a possible extension of the `classical number
theory'. We built our QNT by defining pure quantum number operators
($q$-numbers) of a Hilbert space that generate classical numbers ($c$-numbers)
belonging to discrete Euclidean spaces. To start with this formalism, we define
a 2-component natural $q$-number $\textbf{N}$, such that $\mathbf{N}^{2} \equiv
N_{1}^{2} + N_{2}^{2}$, satisfying a Heisenberg-Dirac algebra, which allows to
generate a set of natural $c$-numbers $n \in \mathbb{N}$. A probabilistic
interpretation of QNT is then inferred from this representation. Furthermore,
we define a 3-component integer $q$-number $\textbf{Z}$, such that
$\mathbf{Z}^{2} \equiv Z_{1}^{2} + Z_{2}^{2} + Z_{3}^{2}$ and obeys a Lie
algebra structure. The eigenvalues of each $\textbf{Z}$ component generate a
set of classical integers $m \in \mathbb{Z}\cup \frac{1}{2}\mathbb{Z}^{*}$,
$\mathbb{Z}^{*} = \mathbb{Z} \setminus \{0\}$, albeit all components do not
generate $\mathbb{Z}^3$ simultaneously. We interpret the eigenvectors of the
$q$-numbers as `$q$-number state vectors' (QNSV), which form multidimensional
orthonormal basis sets useful to describe state-vector superpositions defined
here as qu$n$its. To interconnect QNSV of different dimensions, associated to
the same $c$-number, we propose a quantum mapping operation to relate distinct
Hilbert subspaces, and its structure can generate a subset $W \subseteq
\mathbb{Q}^{*}$, the field of non-zero rationals. In the present description,
QNT is related to quantum computing theory and allows dealing with nontrivial
computations in high dimensions.
