  We start by reviewing the relation between toposes and Grothendieck
quantales. We improve results of previous work on this relation by giving both
a characterisation of the map from the tensor product of two internal
sup-lattices to another sup-lattice and a description of the category of
internal locales of a topos in terms of the associated Grothendieck quantale.
We then construct a convolution product, corresponding to internal composition
of matrices, on the set of positive lower semi-continuous functions on the
underlying locale of the quantale attached to a topos. In good cases, this
convolution product does restrict into a well defined convolution product on a
subset of the set of continuous functions and defines a convolution C* algebra
attached to the quantale. In the last part of this article we investigate in
details these attached C* algebras in the special case of an atomic topos. In
this situation the related Grothendieck quantale corresponds to a
hypergroupoid. Relatively simple finiteness conditions on this hypergroupoid
appear in order to obtain an interesting C* algebra. This algebra corresponds
to a hypergroupoid algebra which comes endowed with an arithmetic sub-algebra
and a time evolution. We conclude by showing that the existence of a
hypergroupoid satisfying all the requirements attached to a specified atomic
topos is equivalent to the fact that the topos is locally decidable and locally
separated. Also in this situation the time evolution only depends on the topos
and is described by a (canonical) principal Q+* bundle on the topos. The
BC-system and more generally the double cosets algebras are special cases of
this situation.
