  Relativistic X-ray emission lines from the inner accretion disk around black
holes are reviewed. Recent observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory,
X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission-Newton, and Suzaku are revealing these lines to be
good probes of strong gravitational effects. A number of important
observational and theoretical developments are highlighted, including evidence
of black hole spin and effects such as gravitational light bending, the
detection of relativistic lines in stellar-mass black holes, and evidence of
orbital-timescale line flux variability. In addition, the robustness of the
relativistic disk lines against absorption, scattering, and continuum effects
is discussed. Finally, prospects for improved measures of black hole spin and
understanding the spin history of supermassive black holes in the context of
black hole-galaxy co-evolution are presented. The best data and most rigorous
results strongly suggest that relativistic X-ray disk lines can drive future
explorations of General Relativity and disk physics.
