  In this paper, we carry out a performance analysis from a probabilistic
perspective to introduce the EDHVW methods' expected performances and
limitations. Then, we propose a new general error diffusion based halftone
visual watermarking (EDHVW) method, Content aware Double-sided Embedding Error
Diffusion (CaDEED), via considering the expected watermark decoding performance
with specific content of the cover images and watermark, different noise
tolerance abilities of various cover image content and the different importance
levels of every pixel (when being perceived) in the secret pattern (watermark).
To demonstrate the effectiveness of CaDEED, we propose CaDEED with expectation
constraint (CaDEED-EC) and CaDEED-NVF&IF (CaDEED-N&I). Specifically, we build
CaDEED-EC by only considering the expected performances of specific cover
images and watermark. By adopting the noise visibility function (NVF) and
proposing the importance factor (IF) to assign weights to every embedding
location and watermark pixel, respectively, we build the specific method
CaDEED-N&I. In the experiments, we select the optimal parameters for NVF and IF
via extensive experiments. In both the numerical and visual comparisons, the
experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed work.
