  This work examines the possibility, performance limits, and associated costs
for a self-sustained relay to transmit its own covert information to a
destination on top of forwarding the source's information. Since the source
provides energy to the relay for forwarding its information, the source does
not allow the relay's covert transmission and is to detect it. Considering the
time switching (TS) and power splitting (PS) schemes for energy harvesting,
where all the harvested energy is used for transmission at the self-sustained
relay, we derive the minimum detection error probability $\xi^{\ast}$ at the
source, based on which we determine the maximum effective covert rate
$\Psi^{\ast}$ subject to a given covertness constraint on $\xi^{\ast}$. Our
analysis shows that $\xi^{\ast}$ is the same for the TS and PS schemes, which
leads to the fact that the cost of achieving $\Psi^{\ast}$ in both the two
schemes in terms of the required increase in the energy conversion efficiency
at the relay is the same, although the values of $\Psi^{\ast}$ in these two
schemes can be different in specific scenarios. For example, the TS scheme
outperforms the PS scheme in terms of achieving a higher $\Psi^{\ast}$ when the
transmit power at the source is relatively low. If the covertness constraint is
tighter than a specific value, it is the covertness constraint that limits
$\Psi^{\ast}$, and otherwise it is upper bound on the energy conversion
efficiency that limits $\Psi^{\ast}$.
