  In recent years, progresses in nanotechnology have established the
foundations for implementing nanomachines capable of carrying out simple but
significant tasks. Under this stimulus, researchers have been proposing various
solutions for realizing nanoscale communications, considering both
electromagnetic and biological communications. Their aim is to extend the
capabilities of nanodevices, so as to enable the execution of more complex
tasks by means of mutual coordination, achievable through communications.
However, although most of these proposals show how devices can communicate at
the nanoscales, they leave in the background specific applications of these new
technologies. Thus, this paper shows an overview of the actual and potential
applications that can rely on a specific class of such communications
techniques, commonly referred to as molecular communications. In particular, we
focus on health-related applications. This decision is due to the rapidly
increasing interests of research communities and companies to minimally
invasive, biocompatible, and targeted health-care solutions. Molecular
communication techniques have actually the potentials of becoming the main
technology for implementing advanced medical solution. Hence, in this paper we
provide a taxonomy of potential applications, illustrate them in some details,
along with the existing open challenges for them to be actually deployed, and
draw future perspectives.
