  Non-linear classical equations of motion may admit degenerate solutions at
fixed charges. While the solutions with lower energies are classically stable,
the ones with larger energies are unstable and refereed as Q-clouds. We
consider a theory in which the homogeneous charged condensate is classically
stable and argue that Q-clouds correspond to sphalerons between the stable
Q-balls and the condensate. For the model with analytic solution, we present
Arrhenius formula for the quantum production of Q-balls from the condensate at
large temperatures.
