  The discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider marked a
significant milestone in particle physics. The Higgs mechanism, a key
theoretical framework, provides profound insights into the origin of particle
masses and the spontaneous breaking of symmetries. In this review article, we
delve into the fundamental aspects of the Higgs mechanism and Higgs boson
physics while exploring related topics such as Noether's theorem, gauge
invariance, and the $U(1)$ and $SU(2)$ models. Additionally, we examine
Goldstone's theorem, the extension of the Higgs mechanism to $U(1)$ and $SU(2)$
models, and its role in the electroweak theory for understanding the masses of
the $W$ and $Z$ bosons. Finally, we scrutinize the properties of the Higgs
boson itself, its production mechanisms, and decay processes, shedding light on
its significance in unraveling the mysteries of the universe.
