  The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of statistical
challenges in neuroimaging data analysis from neuroimaging techniques to
large-scale neuroimaging studies to statistical learning methods. We briefly
review eight popular neuroimaging techniques and their potential applications
in neuroscience research and clinical translation. We delineate the four common
themes of neuroimaging data and review major image processing analysis methods
for processing neuroimaging data at the individual level. We briefly review
four large-scale neuroimaging-related studies and a consortium on imaging
genomics and discuss four common themes of neuroimaging data analysis at the
population level. We review nine major population-based statistical analysis
methods and their associated statistical challenges and present recent progress
in statistical methodology to address these challenges.
