  We propose that two of the most surprising results so far among exoplanet
discoveries are related: the existences of both hot Jupiters and the high
frequency of multi-planet systems with periods $P\lesssim200$~days. In this
paradigm, the vast majority of stars rapidly form along with multiple close-in
planets in the mass range of Mars to super-Earths/mini-Neptunes. Such systems
of tightly-packed inner planets (STIPs) are metastable, with the time scale of
the dynamical instability having a major influence on final planet types. In
most cases, the planets consolidate into a system of fewer, more massive
planets, but long after the circumstellar gas disk has dissipated. This can
yield planets with masses above the traditional critical core of $\sim$10
$M_\oplus$, yielding short-period giants that lack abundant gas. A rich variety
of physical states are also possible given the range of collisional outcomes
and formation time of the close-in planets. However, when dynamical
consolidation occurs before gas dispersal, a critical core can form that then
grows via gas capture into a short-period gas giant. In this picture the
majority of Hot and Warm Jupiters formed locally, rather than migrating down
from larger distances.
