  The parametrized Dirac wave equation represents position and time as
operators, and can be formulated for many particles. It thus provides, unlike
field-theoretic Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), an elementary and unrestricted
representation of electrons entangled in space or time. The parametrized
formalism leads directly and without further conjecture to the Bethe-Salpeter
equation for bound states. The formalism also yields the Uehling shift of the
hydrogenic spectrum, the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron to leading
order in the fine structure constant, the Lamb shift and the axial anomaly of
QED.
