  The Standard Model of fundamental interactions, albeit an incredibly elegant
and successful theory, lacks explanations for some experimental and theoretical
open questions. Interestingly, many of these problems seem to be related to the
electroweak symmetry breaking sector of the theory, whose dynamical generation
is still unknown. Important questions such as what is the true nature of the
Higgs boson, why is its mass so light and so close to that of the electroweak
gauge bosons or whether the properties of this particle are the ones predicted
in the Standard Model remain unanswered. The LHC is our tool to unveil these
mysteries and vector boson scattering processes are the perfect window to
access them, since they are considered as the most sensitive observables to new
physics in the electroweak symmetry breaking sector. In this Thesis we employ
the effective electroweak chiral Lagrangian with a light Higgs, which assumes a
strongly interacting electroweak symmetry breaking sector, to perform a model
independent analysis of the phenomenology of vector boson scattering processes
at the LHC as well as to present quantitative predictions for the sensitivity
to possible beyond the Standard Model physics scenarios.
