  In the pursuit of lunar exploration and the investigation of water presence
on the lunar surface, a comprehensive understanding of plasma-surface
interactions is crucial since the regolith's space weathering can create
H$_2$O. However, the Moon is in the Earth's magnetotail for nearly 20\% of its
orbit, which could affect this water creation on the side facing the Earth if
this condition shields it from the solar wind. The objective of this study is
to understand how the passage of the Moon in the Earth's magnetotail affects
the plasma delivery near the lunar surface. The Particle-In-Cell
Electromagnetic (EM) Relativistic Global Model, known as IAPIC, is employed to
kinetically simulate the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Moon Coupling. The
Earth's magnetotail does not prevent the influx of solar wind ions and
ionospheric ions into the solar environment; therefore the space weathering of
the regolith is not stopped in these conditions. In addition, the charge
separation of solar wind ions and electrons happens is modeled, leading to
electric fields and charging of the lunar surface that can be validated by
observations. The study of the Sun-Earth-Moon system provides insight into the
lunar environment while in the magnetotail, which is essential to better
interpret the results of future Lunar missions. It also provides insights in
the Lunar charging in different conditions that could affect the human presence
on the Moon.
