  Electricity-based fuels from renewable energies are regarded as a key
instrument for climate protection. These Power-to-X (PtX) products are to
replace fossil fuels in sectors where direct use of electricity from renewable
energies is not possible. We investigate the production potential of PtX fuels
from onshore wind energy and ground-mounted photovoltaic energy for all
countries outside the European Economic Area along 14 PtX production pathways.
These include hydrogen, several hydrocarbons and ammonia. The technical and
economic potential assessment is based on data with hourly temporal and high
spatial resolution. The analysis considers various criteria, including weather
conditions, nature conservation concerns and land use. The results show the
production quantities and costs of climate-friendly fuel production under
strict sustainability criteria and locate them spatially. It is shown that many
regions of the world are well suited to produce PtX products. The production
quantity outside Europe is up to 120,000 TWh/yr of hydrogen or 87,000 TWh/yr of
hydrocarbons in the long term. We identify 97 countries with potentials, of
which 38 countries possess relevant potentials of more than 100 TWh/yr. The
largest suitable areas are in the United States, Australia and Argentina. The
production costs vary a lot across the different regions. The lowest production
costs for PtX generation are in Latin America (Chile, Argentina and Venezuela)
and Mauritania with a lower limit of 42.3 EUR/MWh to 46.5 EUR/MWh for gaseous
hydrogen and 84 EUR/MWh to 89.1 EUR/MWh for Fischer-Tropsch fuels. All best
sites are pure wind or combined wind and photovoltaic sites. Moreover, we show
import options of these PtX products to Europe considering socioeconomic
factors and transport costs. All investigation results are freely accessible
via the Global PtX Atlas on https://maps.iee.fraunhofer.de/ptx-atlas/.
