  Recently it was discovered that the non-uniform Meissner current flowing
around the pinning sites in the type-II superconductor induces the
unconventional vortex-antivortex pairs with the non-quantized magnetic flux
[J.-Y. Ge, et al., Nat. Commun. 6, 6573 (2015)]. Here we provide the theory of
this phenomenon showing that the vortex-like structures originate from the
perturbation of the current streamlines by the non-superconducting defect,
which results in the generation of the localized magnetic field. The position
and the shape of such vortex dipoles are shown to be very sensitive to the
defect form. Thus, applying the external magnetic field or current to the
superconductor and using, e.g., the high-resolution scanning Hall microscope to
measure the stray magnetic field one can plot the map containing the
information about the position of the defects and their shape.
