  Humanity has wondered whether we are alone for millennia. The discovery of
life elsewhere in the Universe, particularly intelligent life, would have
profound effects, comparable to those of recognizing that the Earth is not the
center of the Universe and that humans evolved from previous species. There has
been rapid growth in the fields of extrasolar planets and data-driven
astronomy. In a relatively short interval, we have seen a change from knowing
of no extrasolar planets to now knowing more potentially habitable extrasolar
planets than there are planets in the Solar System. In approximately the same
interval, astronomy has transitioned to a field in which sky surveys can
generate 1 PB or more of data. The Data-Driven Approaches to Searches for the
Technosignatures of Advanced Civilizations_ study at the W. M. Keck Institute
for Space Studies was intended to revisit searches for evidence of alien
technologies in light of these developments. Data-driven searches, being able
to process volumes of data much greater than a human could, and in a
reproducible manner, can identify *anomalies* that could be clues to the
presence of technosignatures. A key outcome of this workshop was that
technosignature searches should be conducted in a manner consistent with
Freeman Dyson's "First Law of SETI Investigations," namely "every search for
alien civilizations should be planned to give interesting results even when no
aliens are discovered." This approach to technosignatures is commensurate with
NASA's approach to biosignatures in that no single observation or measurement
can be taken as providing full certainty for the detection of life. Areas of
particular promise identified during the workshop were (*) Data Mining of Large
Sky Surveys, (*) All-Sky Survey at Far-Infrared Wavelengths, (*) Surveys with
Radio Astronomical Interferometers, and (*) Artifacts in the Solar System.
