  The ALICE Collaboration reports a differential measurement of inclusive jet
suppression using pp and Pb$-$Pb collision data at a center-of-mass energy per
nucleon-nucleon collision $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV. Charged-particle jets
are reconstructed using the anti-$k_{\rm T}$ algorithm with resolution
parameters $R =$ 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 in pp collisions and $R =$ 0.2,
0.4, 0.6 in central (0$-$10%), semi-central (30$-$50%), and peripheral
(60$-$80%) Pb$-$Pb collisions. A novel approach based on machine learning is
employed to mitigate the influence of jet background. This enables measurements
of inclusive jet suppression in new regions of phase space, including down to
the lowest jet $p_{\rm T} \geq 40$ GeV/$c$ at $R = 0.6$ in central Pb$-$Pb
collisions. This is an important step for discriminating different models of
jet quenching in the quark-gluon plasma. The transverse momentum spectra,
nuclear modification factors, derived cross section, and nuclear modification
factor ratios for different jet resolution parameters of charged-particle jets
are presented and compared to model predictions. A mild dependence of the
nuclear modification factor ratios on collision centrality and resolution
parameter is observed. The results are compared to a variety of jet-quenching
models with varying levels of agreement.
