  We present a significant extension of the quark mass density-dependent model
(QMDDM), initially revised in our prior study (Lugones and Grunfeld, Phys. Rev.
D 107, 043025 (2023)), where thermodynamic inconsistencies were addressed. Our
current work enriches the QMDDM by incorporating excluded volume effects, as a
step towards a more realistic representation of the quark matter equation of
state (EOS) at zero temperature. We introduce the concept of ``available
volume'' in the Helmholtz free energy formulation, accounting for the space
excluded by each quasiparticle due to its finite size or repulsive
interactions. We present a methodology to modify the EOS for point-like
particles, allowing for a simple and direct incorporation of excluded volume
effects. This is first addressed in a simple one-flavor model and then extended
to a more realistic three-flavor system, incorporating both mass and volume
dependencies on the baryon number density. We examine various ansatzes for the
excluded volume, ultimately adopting one that aligns with the asymptotic
freedom behavior of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The EOS for electrically
neutral systems in chemical equilibrium is computed, focusing on self-bound and
hybrid matter scenarios. We show that the incorporation of excluded volume
effects renders the EOS stiffer and that excluded volume effects are essential
to align the mass-radius relation of self-bound and hybrid stars with modern
astrophysical constraints.
