  This paper investigates volumetric grid tariff designs under consideration of
different pricing mechanisms and resulting cost allocation across
socio-techno-economic consumer categories. In a case study of 1.56 million
Danish households divided into 90 socio-techno-economic categories, we compare
three alternative grid tariffs and investigate their impact on annual
electricity bills. The results of our design consisting of a time-dependent
threshold penalizing individual peak consumption and a system peak tariff show
(a) a range of different allocations that distribute the burden of additional
grid costs across both technologies and (b) strong positive outcomes, including
reduced expenses for lower-income groups and smaller households.
