  We present a comprehensive investigation on the possibility of the search for
new force mediator $X$ boson in $e^+e^-$ collision and $J/\psi$ decay at the
BESIII experiment. The typical interactions of $X$ boson coupling to leptons
and quarks are explored. The production and decay properties of this $X$
particle, the product/decay chains $e^+e^-\to X\gamma \to e^+e^-\gamma$ and
$J/\psi \to X\gamma\to\mu^+\mu^-\gamma$, and exclusion limits on the reduced
coupling strength parameters as functions of $X$ boson mass are presented. With
the data set of tens of fb$^{-1}~e^+e^-$ or $10^{10}~J/\psi$, we find that the
exclusion limits on the coupling strength parameters fall in the range of
$10^{-3}\sim10^{-4}$, depending on $m_X$ assuming the decay width 10
eV$<\Gamma_X<$100 eV reasonably, for various hypotheses in the literature.
According to our estimation, the search for new force mediator $X$ boson in
both $e^+e^-$ collision and $J/\psi$ decay are accessible in nowadays BESIII
experiment.
