  In the last decade, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Internet-of-Things
(IoT) devices are proliferated in many domains including critical
infrastructures such as energy, transportation and manufacturing. Consequently,
most of the daily operations now rely on the data coming from wireless sensors
or IoT devices and their actions. In addition, personal IoT devices are heavily
used for social media applications, which connect people as well as all
critical infrastructures to each other under the cyber domain. However, this
connectedness also comes with the risk of increasing number of cyber attacks
through WSNs and/or IoT. While a significant research has been dedicated to
secure WSN/IoT, this still indicates that there needs to be forensics
mechanisms to be able to conduct investigations and analysis. In particular,
understanding what has happened after a failure is crucial to many businesses,
which rely on WSN/IoT applications. Therefore, there is a great interest and
need for understanding digital forensics applications in WSN and IoT realms.
This chapter fills this gap by providing an overview and classification of
digital forensics research and applications in these emerging domains in a
comprehensive manner. In addition to analyzing the technical challenges, the
chapter provides a survey of the existing efforts from the device level to
network level while also pointing out future research opportunities.
