  We report a comprehensive statistical analysis of the observational data of
the cosmic evolution of supernova (SN) rate density, to derive constraints on
cosmic star formation history and the nature of type Ia supernova (SN Ia)
progenitor. We use all available information of magnitude, SN type, and
redshift information of both type Ia and core-collapse (CC) SNe in GOODS and
SDF, as well as SN Ia rate densities reported in the literature. Furthermore,
we also add 157 SN candidates in the past Subaru/Suprime-Cam data that are
newly reported here, to increase the statistics. We find that the current data
set of SN rate density evolution already gives a meaningful constraint on the
evolution of the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) at z <~ 1, though strong
constraints cannot be derived for the delay time distribution (DTD) of SNe Ia.
We derive a constraint of the evolutionary index of SFR density alpha ~ 3--4
[(1+z)^alpha at z <~ 1] with an evidence for a significant evolution of mean
extinction of CC SNe [E(B-V) ~ 0.5 at z ~ 0.5 compared with ~ 0.2 at z = 0],
which does not change significantly within a reasonable range of various DTD
models. This result is nicely consistent with the systematic trend of alpha
estimates based on galactic SFR indicators in different wavelengths
(ultraviolet, H_alpha, and infrared), indicating that there is a strong
evolution in mean extinction of star forming regions in galaxies at relatively
low redshift range of z <~ 0.5. These results are obtained by a method that is
completely independent of galaxy surveys, and especially, there is no detection
limit about the host galaxy luminosity in our analysis, giving a strong
constraint on the star formation activity in high-z dwarf galaxies or
intergalactic space.
