  Astrophysics lies at the crossroads of big datasets (such as the Large
Synoptic Survey Telescope and Gaia), open source software to visualize and
interpret high dimensional datasets (such as Glue, WorldWide Telescope, and
OpenSpace), and uniquely skilled software engineers who bridge data science and
research fields. At the same time, more than 4,000 planetariums across the
globe immerse millions of visitors in scientific data. We have identified the
potential for critical synergy across data, software, hardware, locations, and
content that -- if prioritized over the next decade -- will drive discovery in
astronomical research. Planetariums can and should be used for the advancement
of scientific research. Current facilities such as the Hayden Planetarium in
New York City, Adler Planetarium in Chicago, Morrison Planetarium in San
Francisco, the Iziko Planetarium and Digital Dome Research Consortium in Cape
Town, and Visualization Center C in Norrkoping are already developing software
which ingests catalogs of astronomical and multi-disciplinary data critical for
exploration research primarily for the purpose of creating scientific
storylines for the general public. We propose a transformative model whereby
scientists become the audience and explorers in planetariums, utilizing
software for their own investigative purposes. In this manner, research
benefits from the authentic and unique experience of data immersion contained
in an environment bathed in context and equipped for collaboration.
Consequently, in this white paper we argue that over the next decade the
research astronomy community should partner with planetariums to create
visualization-based research opportunities for the field. Realizing this vision
will require new investments in software and human capital.
