  The chemical potential of a component in a solution is defined as the free
energy change as the amount of the component changes. Computing this
fundamental thermodynamic property from atomistic simulations is notoriously
difficult, because of the convergence issues in free energy methods and finite
size effects. This paper presents the S0 method, which can be used to obtain
chemical potentials from static structure factors computed from equilibrium
molecular dynamics simulations under the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. The S0
method is demonstrated on the systems of binary Lennard-Jones particles,
urea--water mixtures, a NaCl aqueous solution, and a high-pressure
carbon-hydrogen mixture.
