  Advances in isolating, controlling and entangling quantum systems are
transforming what was once a curious feature of quantum mechanics into a
vehicle for disruptive scientific and technological progress. Pursuing the
vision articulated by Feynman, a concerted effort across many areas of research
and development is introducing prototypical digital quantum devices into the
computing ecosystem available to domain scientists. Through interactions with
these early quantum devices, the abstract vision of exploring
classically-intractable quantum systems is evolving toward becoming a tangible
reality. Beyond catalyzing these technological advances, entanglement is
enabling parallel progress as a diagnostic for quantum correlations and as an
organizational tool, both guiding improved understanding of quantum many-body
systems and quantum field theories defining and emerging from the Standard
Model. From the perspective of three domain science theorists, this article
compiles thoughts about the interface on entanglement, complexity, and quantum
simulation in an effort to contextualize recent NISQ-era progress with the
scientific objectives of nuclear and high-energy physics.
