  Virtual Reality (VR) users often experience postural instability, i.e.,
balance problems, which could be a major barrier to universal usability and
accessibility for all, especially for persons with balance impairments. Prior
research has confirmed the imbalance effect, but minimal research has been
conducted to reduce this effect. We recruited 42 participants (with balance
impairments: 21, without balance impairments: 21) to investigate the impact of
several auditory techniques on balance in VR, specifically spatial audio,
static rest frame audio, rhythmic audio, and audio mapped to the center of
pressure (CoP). Participants performed two types of tasks - standing visual
exploration and standing reach and grasp. Within-subject results showed that
each auditory technique improved balance in VR for both persons with and
without balance impairments. Spatial and CoP audio improved balance
significantly more than other auditory conditions. The techniques presented in
this research could be used in future virtual environments to improve standing
balance and help push VR closer to universal usability.
