  Solar activity is studied using a cluster analysis of the time-fluctuations
of the sunspot number. It is shown that in an Historic period the high activity
components of the solar cycles exhibit strong clustering, whereas in a Modern
period (last seven solar cycles: 1933-2007) they exhibit a white-noise
(non-)clustering behavior. Using this observation it is shown that in the
Historic period, emergence of the sunspots in the solar photosphere was
strongly dominated by turbulent photospheric convection. In the Modern period,
this domination was broken by a new more active dynamics of the inner layers of
the convection zone. Then, it is shown that the dramatic change of the sun
dynamics at the transitional period (between the Historic and Modern periods,
solar cycle 1933-1944yy) had a clear detectable impact on Earth climate. A
scenario of a chain of transitions in the solar convective zone is suggested in
order to explain the observations, and a forecast for the global warming is
suggested on the basis of this scenario. A relation between the recent
transitions and solar long-period chaotic dynamics has been found. Contribution
of the galactic turbulence (due to galactic cosmic rays) has been discussed.
These results are also considered in a content of chaotic climate dynamics at
millennial timescales.
