  A wide variety of Galactic sources show transient emission at soft and hard
X-ray energies: low-mass and high-mass X-ray binaries containing compact
objects (e.g., novae, microquasars, transitional millisecond pulsars,
supergiant fast X-ray transients), isolated neutron stars exhibiting extreme
variability as magnetars as well as pulsar wind nebulae. Although most of them
can show emission up to MeV and/or GeV energies, many have not yet been
detected in the TeV domain by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. In this
paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting new Galactic transients with the
Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) and the prospects for studying them with Target
of Opportunity observations. We show that CTA will likely detect new sources in
the TeV regime, such as the massive microquasars in the Cygnus region, low-mass
X-ray binaries with low-viewing angle, flaring emission from the Crab
pulsar-wind nebula or other novae explosions, among others. We also discuss the
multi-wavelength synergies with other instruments and large astronomical
facilities.
