  We review experimental and theoretical results on thermal transport in
semiconductor nanostructures (multilayer thin films, core/shell and segmented
nanowires), single- and few-layer graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum
disulfide and black phosphorus. Different possibilities of phonon engineering
for optimization of electrical and heat conductions are discussed. The role of
the phonon energy spectra modification on the thermal conductivity in
semiconductor nanostructures is revealed. The dependence of thermal
conductivity in graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials on
temperature, flake size, defect concentration, edge roughness and strain is
analyzed.
