  The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) is a
highly energetic event with consequences dependent on the degree to which the
star plunges inside the SMBH's tidal sphere. We introduce a new analytic model
for tidal disruption events (TDEs) to analyze the dependence of these events on
beta, the ratio of the tidal radius to the orbital pericenter. We find,
contrary to most previous work, that the spread in debris energy for a TDE is
largely constant for all beta. This result has important consequences for
optical transient searches targeting TDEs, which we discuss. We quantify
leading-order general relativistic corrections to this spread in energy and
find that they are small. We also examine the role of stellar spin, and find
that a combination of spin-orbit misalignment, rapid rotation, and high beta
may increase the spread in debris energy. Finally, we quantify for the first
time the gravitational wave emission due to the strong compression of a star in
a high-beta TDE. Although this signal is unlikely to be detectable for
disruptions of main sequence stars, the tidal disruption of a white dwarf by an
intermediate mass black hole can produce a strong signal visible to Advanced
LIGO at tens of megaparsecs.
