  Context. The High-Mass X-ray Binary (HMXB) system GX 301$-$2 is a persistent
source with a well-known variable cyclotron line centered at 35 keV. Recently,
a second cyclotron line at 50 keV has been reported with a presumably different
behavior than the 35 keV line.
  Aims. We investigate the presence of the newly discovered cyclotron line in
the phase-averaged and phase-resolved spectra at higher luminosities than
before. We further aim to determine the pulse-phase variability of both lines.
  Methods. We analyze a NuSTAR observation of GX 301$-$2 covering the
pre-periastron flare, where the source luminosity reached its peak of ${\sim} 4
\times 10^{37}\,\mathrm{erg}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ in the 5-50 keV range. We
analyze the phase-averaged spectra in the NuSTAR energy range from 3.5-79 keV
for both the complete observation and three time segments of it. We further
analyze the phase-resolved spectra and the pulse-phase variability of continuum
and cyclotron line parameters.
  Results. We confirm that the description of the phase-averaged spectrum
requires a second absorption feature at $51.5^{+1.1}_{-1.0}$ keV besides the
established line at 35 keV. The statistical significance of this feature in the
phase-averaged spectrum is $>99.999\%$. We further find that the 50 keV
cyclotron line is present in three of eight phase bins.
  Conclusions. Based on the results of our analysis, we confirm that the
detected absorption feature is very likely to be a cyclotron line. We discuss a
variety of physical scenarios which could explain the proposed anharmonicity,
but also outline circumstances under which the lines are harmonically related.
We further present the cyclotron line history of GX 301$-$2 and evaluate
concordance among each other. We also discuss an alternative spectral model
including cyclotron line emission wings.
