  Maximizing the discovery potential of increasingly precise neutrino
experiments will require an improved theoretical understanding of
neutrino-nucleus cross sections over a wide range of energies. Low-energy
interactions are needed to reconstruct the energies of astrophysical neutrinos
from supernovae bursts and search for new physics using increasingly precise
measurement of coherent elastic neutrino scattering. Higher-energy interactions
involve a variety of reaction mechanisms including quasi-elastic scattering,
resonance production, and deep inelastic scattering that must all be included
to reliably predict cross sections for energies relevant to DUNE and other
accelerator neutrino experiments. This white paper discusses the theoretical
status, challenges, required resources, and path forward for achieving precise
predictions of neutrino-nucleus scattering and emphasizes the need for a
coordinated theoretical effort involved lattice QCD, nuclear effective
theories, phenomenological models of the transition region, and event
generators.
