  Suppression of the $J/\psi$ nuclear-modification factor has been seen as a
trademark signature of final-state effects in large collision systems for
decades. In small systems, the nuclear modification was attributed to
cold-nuclear-matter effects until the observation of strong differential
suppression of the $\psi(2S)$ state in $p/d$$+$$A$ collisions suggested the
presence of final-state effects. Results of $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$
measurements in the dimuon decay channel are presented here for $p$$+$$p$,
$p$$+$Al, and $p$$+$Au collision systems at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. The
results are predominantly shown in the form of the nuclear-modification factor,
$R_{pA}$, the ratio of the $\psi(2S)$ invariant yield per nucleon-nucleon
collision in collisions of proton on target nucleus to that in $p$$+$$p$
collisions. Measurements of the $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ nuclear-modification
factor are compared with shadowing and transport-model predictions, as well as
to complementary measurements at Large-Hadron-Collider energies.
