  We address the issue of constructing continuous instantons representing the
pair creation of black holes in a cosmological context. The recent attempt at
constructing such solutions using virtual domain walls is reviewed first. We
then explore the existence of continuous instantons in higher curvature gravity
theories where the Lagrangian is polynomial in the Ricci scalar. Lastly, we
study continuous instanton solutions of ordinary gravity coupled to the
Narlikar C-field. For each theory, we first consider the case of finding
continuous instanton solutions which represent the "near-annihilation" of a de
Sitter universe and its subsequent recreation. In situations where these
solutions exist, we then ask whether solutions can be found that represent the
"near-annihilation" of a de Sitter spacetime and the subsequent creation of a
pair of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes.
