  This article proposes a novel thermostat applicable to any particle-based
dynamic simulation. Each pair of particles is thermostated either (with
probability P) with a pairwise Lowe-Andersen thermostat, or (with probability
1-P) with a thermostat that is introduced here, which is based on a pairwise
interaction similar to the Nose-Hoover thermostat. When the pairwise
Nose-Hoover thermostat dominates (low P), the liquid has a high diffusion
coefficient and low viscosity, but when the Lowe-Andersen thermostat dominates,
the diffusion coefficient is low and viscosity is high. This novel
Nose-Hoover-Lowe-Andersen thermostat is Galilean invariant and preserves both
total linear and angular momentum of the system, due to the fact that the
thermostatic forces between each pair of the particles are pairwise additive
and central. We show by simulation that this thermostat also preserves
hydrodynamics. For the (non-interacting) ideal gas at P=0, the diffusion
coefficient diverges and viscosity is zero, while for P>0 it has a finite
value. By adjusting probability P, the Schmidt number can be varied by orders
of magnitude. The temperature deviation from the required value is at least an
order of magnitude smaller than in Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD), while
the equilibrium properties of the system are very well reproduced. Applications
of this thermostat include all standard molecular dynamic simulations of dense
liquids and solids with any type of force field, as well as hydrodynamic
simulation of multi-phase systems with largely different bulk viscosities,
including surface viscosity, and of dilute gases and plasmas.
