  We consider toy models of holography arising from 3d Chern-Simons theory. In
this context a duality to an ensemble average over 2d CFTs has been recently
proposed. We put forward an alternative approach in which, rather than summing
over bulk geometries, one gauges a one-form global symmetry of the bulk theory.
This accomplishes two tasks: it ensures that the bulk theory has no global
symmetries, as expected for a theory of quantum gravity, and it makes the
partition function on spacetimes with boundaries coincide with that of a
modular-invariant 2d CFT on the boundary. In particular, on wormhole geometries
one finds a factorized answer for the partition function. In the case of
non-Abelian Chern-Simons theories, the relevant one-form symmetry is
non-invertible, and its gauging corresponds to the condensation of a Lagrangian
anyon.
