  This paper presents a comprehensive framework designed to facilitate the
widespread deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) for enhanced monitoring
and optimization of Water Distribution Systems (WDSs). The framework aims to
investigate the utilization of massive IoT in monitoring and optimizing WDSs,
with a particular focus on leakage detection, energy consumption and wireless
network performance assessment in real-world water networks. The framework
integrates simulation environments at both the application level (using EPANET)
and the radio level (using NS-3) within the LoRaWAN network. The paper
culminates with a practical use case, alongside evaluation results concerning
power consumption in a large-scale LoRaWAN network and strategies for optimal
gateway positioning.
