  In the early 90s, researchers began to focus on security as an important
property to address in combination with safety. Over the years, researchers
have proposed approaches to harmonize activities within the safety and security
disciplines. Despite the academic efforts to identify interdependencies and to
propose combined approaches for safety and security, there is still a lack of
integration between safety and security practices in the industrial context, as
they have separate standards and independent processes often addressed and
assessed by different organizational teams and authorities. Specifically,
security concerns are generally not covered in any detail in safety standards
potentially resulting in successfully safety-certified systems that still are
open for security threats from e.g., malicious intents from internal and
external personnel and hackers that may jeopardize safety. In recent years
security has again received an increasing attention of being an important issue
also in safety assurance, as the open interconnected nature of emerging systems
makes them susceptible to security threats at a much higher degree than
existing more confined products.This article presents initial ideas on how to
extend safety work to include aspects of security during the context
establishment and initial risk assessment procedures. The ambition of our
proposal is to improve safety and increase efficiency and effectiveness of the
safety work within the frames of the current safety standards, i.e., raised
security awareness in compliance with the current safety standards. We believe
that our proposal is useful to raise the security awareness in industrial
contexts, although it is not a complete harmonization of safety and security
disciplines, as it merely provides applicable guidance to increase security
awareness in a safety context.
