  The rapid growth of interest in quantum computing has brought about the need
to secure these powerful machines against a range of physical attacks. As qubit
counts increase and quantum computers achieve higher levels of fidelity, their
potential to execute novel algorithms and generate sensitive intellectual
property becomes more promising. However, there is a significant gap in our
understanding of the vulnerabilities these computers face in terms of security
and privacy attacks. Among the potential threats are physical attacks,
including those orchestrated by malicious insiders within data centers where
the quantum computers are located, which could compromise the integrity of
computations and resulting data. This paper presents an exploration of
fault-injection attacks as one class of physical attacks on quantum computers.
This work first introduces a classification of fault-injection attacks and
strategies, including the domain of fault-injection attacks, the fault targets,
and fault manifestations in quantum computers. The resulting classification
highlights the potential threats that exist. By shedding light on the
vulnerabilities of quantum computers to fault-injection attacks, this work
contributes to the development of robust security measures for this emerging
technology.
