  The field of exoplanet atmospheric characterization has recently made
considerable advances with the advent of high-resolution spectroscopy from
large ground-based telescopes and the commissioning of the James Webb Space
Telescope (JWST). We have entered an era in which atmospheric compositions,
aerosol properties, thermal structures, mass loss, and three-dimensional
effects can be reliably constrained. While the challenges of remote sensing
techniques imply that individual exoplanet atmospheres will likely never be
characterized to the degree of detail that is possible for solar system bodies,
exoplanets present an exciting opportunity to characterize a diverse array of
worlds with properties that are not represented in our solar system. This
review article summarizes the current state of exoplanet atmospheric studies
for transiting planets. We focus on how observational results inform our
understanding of exoplanet properties and ultimately address broad questions
about planetary formation, evolution, and diversity. This review is meant to
provide an overview of the exoplanet atmospheres field for planetary- and
geo-scientists without astronomy backgrounds, and exoplanet specialists, alike.
We give special attention to the first year of JWST data and recent results in
high-resolution spectroscopy that have not been summarized by previous review
articles.
