  Ion Getter Pumps (IGP) are used to create ultra-high-vacuum. The IGP
operation is triggered by the Penning cell structure, which uses a combination
of electrical and magnetic fields to confine electrons and start ionization and
getter pumping processes. During the years, more IGP configurations have been
developed to cope with different gases, such as reactive gases, hydrogen or
noble gases. When the IGP is required to reach pressures lower than 10^(-8)
mbar, it needs to be baked out with the whole vacuum system, in order to
accelerate the release of the gas atoms trapped inside the pump materials, and
the leakage current issue has to be taken into account for a reliable pressure
reading.
