  Wave-particle duality is often considered as the modern answer to the problem
of the nature of light after more than 2000 years of questioning. It is also
the answer given by quantum physics concerning the nature of matter particles
and any other radiations. The main objective of this work is to analyze the
relations that are existing between this concept of wave-particle duality, the
uncertainty principle and the concepts of phase space and microstates
considered in statistical mechanics. It is mainly highlighted that while the
concepts of phase space and microstates were already introduced in classical
physics before the discovery of the wave-particle duality, a correct
understanding of them cannot be achieved without the use of the concept of
quantum phase space and phase space representation of quantum mechanics which
are directly related to the uncertainty principle. The possibility of using
these concepts of quantum phase space and phase space representations of
quantum mechanics to help in a deeper description of the wave-particle duality
and in the study of some current issues related to foundational problems of
quantum mechanics like quantum decoherence and the measurement problem is also
discussed.
