  Since the inception of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) in the year 1997,
it has tremendously grown in the last few years. IEEE 802.11 is popularly known
as WLAN. To provide the last mile wireless broadband connectivity to users,
IEEE 802.11 is enriched with IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g. More
recently, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac and IEEE 802.11ad are introduced with
enhancements to the physical (PHY) layer and medium access control (MAC)
sublayer to provide much higher data rates and thus these amendments are called
High Throughput WLANs (HT-WLANs). For both standards, PHY is enhanced with
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, channel bonding,
short guard intervals (SGI), enhanced modulation and coding schemes (MCS). At
the same time, MAC layer overhead is reduced by introducing frame aggregation
and block acknowledgement technologies. However, existing studies reveal that
although PHY and MAC enhancements promise to improve physical data rate
significantly, they yield negative impact over upper layer protocols -- mainly
for reliable end-to-end transport/application layer protocols. As a
consequence, a large number of schools have focused researches on HT-WLANs to
improve the coordination among PHY/MAC and upper layer protocols and thus,
boost up the performance benefit. In this survey, we discuss the impact of
enhancements of PHY/MAC layer in HT-WLANs over transport/application layer
protocols. list down different open challenges that can be explored for the
development of next generation HT-WLAN technologies.
