  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a remarkably powerful diagnostic
technique: it generates wide-ranging information for the non-invasive study of
tissue anatomy and physiology. Complementary data is normally obtained in
separate measurements, either as contrast-weighted images, which are fast and
simple to acquire, or as quantitative parametric maps, which offer an absolute
quantification of underlying biophysical effects, such as relaxation times or
flow. Here, we demonstrate how to acquire and reconstruct data in a
transient-state with a dual purpose: 1 - to generate contrast-weighted images
that can be adjusted to emphasise clinically relevant image biomarkers;
exemplified with signal modulation according to flow to obtain angiography
information, and 2 - to simultaneously infer multiple quantitative parameters
with a single, highly accelerated acquisition. This is a achieved by
introducing three novel elements: a model that accounts for flowing blood, a
method for sequence design that incorporates both parameter encoding and signal
contrast, and the reconstruction of temporally resolved contrast-weighted
images. From these images we simultaneously obtain angiography projections and
multiple quantitative maps. By doing so, we increase the amount of clinically
relevant data without adding measurement time, creating new dimensions for
biomarker exploration and adding value to MR examinations for patients and
clinicians alike.
