  The use of numerical based multi-phase fluid flow simulation can
significantly aid in the development of an effective remediation strategy for
groundwater systems contaminated with Dense Non Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL).
Incorporating the lithological heterogeneities of the aquifer into the model
domain is a crucial aspect in the development of robust numerical simulators.
Previous research studies have attempted to incorporate lithological
heterogeneities into the domain; however, most of these numerical simulators
are based on Finite Volume Method (FVM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM)
which have limited applicability in the field-scale aquifers. Finite Element
Method (FEM) can be highly useful in developing the field-scale simulation of
DNAPL infiltration due to its consistent accuracy on irregular study domain,
and the availability of higher orders of basis functions.
  In this research work, FEM based model has been developed to simulate the
DNAPL infiltration in a hypothetical field-scale aquifer. The model results
demonstrate the effect of meso-scale heterogeneities, specifically clay lenses,
on the migration and accumulation of Dense Non Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL)
within the aquifer. Furthermore, this research provides valuable insights for
the development of an appropriate remediation strategy for a general
contaminated aquifer.
