  Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) is a process in
which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though
the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CE$\nu$NS has long
proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is
$\sim$ keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of
CE$\nu$NS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the
detection of CE$\nu$NS using an Ar target. The detection of CE$\nu$NS has
spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new
constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental
methods. The CE$\nu$NS process has important implications for not only
high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This
whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CE$\nu$NS, highlighting how
present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future
experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned
fields of physics.
