  Using effective field theory, we investigate nuclear modification of nucleon
parton distributions (for example, the EMC effect). We show that the
universality of the shape distortion in nuclear parton distributions (the
factorisation of the Bjorken x and atomic number (A) dependence) is model
independent and emerges naturally in effective field theory. We then extend our
analysis to study the analogous nuclear modifications in isospin and spin
dependent parton distributions and generalised parton distributions.
