  A nanochannel subjected to both a potential and concentration gradient has an
asymmetric current-voltage, I-V, response with three primary characteristics:
the Ohmic conductance, G, the current at zero voltage, I(v=0), and the voltage
at zero current, V(I=0). To date, there is no known self-consistent theory for
these characteristics subject to an arbitrary concentration gradient. Here, we
present simple expressions for each of these characteristics that have been
derived self-consistently. Our findings provide insights into the underlying
physics of nanofluidics systems used for water desalination and energy
harvesting.
