  I discuss origin and possible experimental manifestations of charge-spin
separation in 1D Luttinger and Luther-Emery liquids, the latter describing 1D
Mott and Peierls insulators and superconductors. Emphasis is on photoemission
where the spectral function generically shows two dispersing peaks associated
with the collective charge and spin excitations, and on transport. I analyse
the temperature dependences of the charge and spin conductivities of two
organic conductors and conclude that most likely, charge-spin separation is not
realized there and that they can be described as fluctuating Peierls
insulators.
