  Software engineering is knowledge-intensive work, and how to manage software
engineering knowledge has received much attention. This systematic review
identifies empirical studies of knowledge management initiatives in software
engineering, and discusses the concepts studied, the major findings, and the
research methods used. Seven hundred and sixty-two articles were identified, of
which 68 were studies in an industry context. Of these, 29 were empirical
studies and 39 reports of lessons learned. More than half of the empirical
studies were case studies. The majority of empirical studies relate to
technocratic and behavioural aspects of knowledge management, while there are
few studies relating to economic, spatial and cartographic approaches. A
finding reported across multiple papers was the need to not focus exclusively
on explicit knowledge, but also consider tacit knowledge. We also describe
implications for research and for practice.
