  People are increasingly bringing Internet of Things (IoT) devices into their
homes without understanding how their data is gathered, processed, and used. We
describe PrivacyCube, a novel data physicalization designed to increase privacy
awareness within smart home environments. PrivacyCube visualizes IoT data
consumption by displaying privacy-related notices. PrivacyCube aims to assist
smart home occupants to (i) understand their data privacy better and (ii) have
conversations around data management practices of IoT devices used within their
homes. Using PrivacyCube, households can learn and make informed privacy
decisions collectively. To evaluate PrivacyCube, we used multiple research
methods throughout the different stages of design. We first conducted a focus
group study in two stages with six participants to compare PrivacyCube to text
and state-of-the-art privacy policies. We then deployed PrivacyCube in a
14-day-long field study with eight households. Our results show that
PrivacyCube helps home occupants comprehend IoT privacy better with
significantly increased privacy awareness at p < .05 (p=0.00041, t= -5.57).
Participants preferred PrivacyCube over text privacy policies because it was
comprehensive and easier to use. PrivacyCube and Privacy Label, a
state-of-the-art approach, both received positive reviews from participants,
with PrivacyCube being preferred for its interactivity and ability to encourage
conversations. PrivacyCube was also considered by home occupants as a piece of
home furniture, encouraging them to socialize and discuss IoT privacy
implications using this device.
