  Accurate characterization of subsurface geophysical properties and detection
of the fault system are essential for geothermal energy exploration and
production. The Soda Lake geothermal field is in western Nevada with a complex
fault system. Previous seismic characterization only produced a low-resolution,
smooth velocity model along with a simple, conceptual fault model. Using
optimized correlation-based full-waveform inversion, wavefield-separation-based
reverse-time migration, and automatic fault detection techniques, we present 3D
seismic characterization for the Soda Lake geothermal field using 3D surface
seismic data acquired with Vibroseis sources. We obtain 3D high-resolution
velocity, density, and acoustic impedance models, 3D seismic images with
different grid spacings, and a high-resolution fault system. Consistency check
between the constructed faults and currently active injection and production
geothermal wells verifies that our seismic inversion and imaging results and
detected faults are reliable. These results can provide valuable information
for optimizing well placement and geothermal energy production at the Soda Lake
geothermal field.
