  Workplace charging of electric vehicles (EV) from photovoltaic (PV) panels
installed on an office building can provide several benefits. This includes the
local production and use of PV energy for charging the EV and making use of
dynamic tariffs from the grid to schedule the energy exchange with the grid.
The long parking time of EV at the workplace provide the chance for the EV to
support the grid via vehicle-to-grid technology, the use of a single EV charger
for charging several EV by multiplexing and the offer of ancillary services to
the grid for up and down regulation. Further, distribution network constraints
can be considered to limit the power and prevent the overloading of the grid. A
single MILP formulation that considers all the above applications has been
proposed in this paper for a charging a fleet of EVs from PV. The MILP is
implemented as a receding-horizon model predictive energy management system.
Numerical simulation based on market and PV data in Austin, Texas have shown
31% to 650% reduction in the cost of EV charging when compared to immediate and
average rate charging policies.
