  Quantum electrodynamics near a boundary is investigated by considering the
inertial mass shift of an electron near a dielectric or conducting surface. We
show that in all tractable cases the shift can be written in terms of integrals
over the TE and TM reflection coefficients associated with the surface, in
analogy to the Lifshitz formula for the Casimir effect. We discuss the
applications and potential limitations of this formula, and provide exact
results for several models of the surface.
