  The explosive growth in fake news and its erosion to democracy, justice, and
public trust has increased the demand for fake news detection and intervention.
This survey reviews and evaluates methods that can detect fake news from four
perspectives: (1) the false knowledge it carries, (2) its writing style, (3)
its propagation patterns, and (4) the credibility of its source. The survey
also highlights some potential research tasks based on the review. In
particular, we identify and detail related fundamental theories across various
disciplines to encourage interdisciplinary research on fake news. We hope this
survey can facilitate collaborative efforts among experts in computer and
information sciences, social sciences, political science, and journalism to
research fake news, where such efforts can lead to fake news detection that is
not only efficient but more importantly, explainable.
