  We propose to measure neutron and deuteron transversity TMDs. The quark
transversity distributions of the nucleon are decoupled from the deuteron gluon
transversity in the $Q^2$ evolution due to the chiral-odd property in the
transversely-polarized target. The gluon transversity TMD only exists for
targets of spin greater or equal to 1 and does not mix with quark distributions
at leading twist, thereby providing a particularly clean probe of gluonic
degrees of freedom. This experiment would be the first of its kind and would
probe the gluonic structure of the deuteron, investigating exotic glue
contributions in the nucleus not associated with individual nucleons. This
experiment can be performed with the SpinQuest polarized target recently
assembled for experiment E1039 and the spectrometer already in place in NM4.
This new experimental setup would require very minimal modification to the
target system and no modification to the detector package. An additional
RF-circuit and target coil are necessary to RF-modulate across the domain of
the Larmor frequency to manipulate the solid-state target spin population
densities. Dedicated beam-time with this novel target system is required to
achieve our physics goals.
