  This article, written in Spanish, provides a comprehensive review of the
Fargues-Fontaine curve, a cornerstone in $p$-adic Hodge theory, and its pivotal
role in classifying $p$-adic Galois representations. We synthesize key
developments surrounding this curve, emphasizing its connection between
advanced concepts in arithmetic geometry and the practical theory of
representations. We offer a detailed analysis of the Fontaine period rings
($B_{cris}, B_{st}, B_{dR}$), exploring their crucial algebraic and arithmetic
properties and their contribution to the curve's construction and definition.
Furthermore, we delve into the theory of admissible $p$-adic Galois
representations, discussing how the curve, once defined, integrates with
Harder-Narasimhan theory.
