  Econometricians have usefully separated study of estimation into
identification and statistical components. Identification analysis, which
assumes knowledge of the probability distribution generating observable data,
places an upper bound on what may be learned about population parameters of
interest with finite sample data. Yet Wald's statistical decision theory
studies decision making with sample data without reference to identification,
indeed without reference to estimation. This paper asks if identification
analysis is useful to statistical decision theory. The answer is positive, as
it can yield an informative and tractable upper bound on the achievable finite
sample performance of decision criteria. The reasoning is simple when the
decision relevant parameter is point identified. It is more delicate when the
true state is partially identified and a decision must be made under ambiguity.
Then the performance of some criteria, such as minimax regret, is enhanced by
randomizing choice of an action. This may be accomplished by making choice a
function of sample data. I find it useful to recast choice of a statistical
decision function as selection of choice probabilities for the elements of the
choice set. Using sample data to randomize choice conceptually differs from and
is complementary to its traditional use to estimate population parameters.
