  In this chapter we will present the one-dimensional (1d) quantum degenerate
Bose gas (1d superfluid) as a testbed to experimentally illustrate some of the
key aspects of quantum thermodynamics. Hard-core bosons in one-dimension are
described by the integrable Lieb-Lininger model. Realistic systems, as they can
be implemented, are only approximately integrable, and let us investigate the
cross over to 'thermalisation'. They show such fundamental properties as
pre-thermalisation, general Gibbs ensembles and light-cone like spreading of
de-coherence. On the other hand they are complex enough to illustrate that our
limited ability to measure only (local) few-body observables determines the
relevant description of the many-body system and its physics. One consequence
is the observation of quantum recurrences in systems with thousand of
interacting particles. The relaxation observed in 1D superfluids is universal
for a large class of many-body systems, those where the relevant physics can be
described by a set of 'long lived' collective modes. The time window where the
'close to integrable' dynamics can be observed is given by the 'lifetime' of
the quasi-particles associated with the collective modes. Based on these
observations one can view (in a quantum field theory sense) a many-body quantum
system at T=0 as 'vacuum' and its excitations as the system to experiment with.
This viewpoint leads to a new way to build thermal machines from the
quasi-particles in 1D superfluids. We will give examples of how to realise
these systems and point to a few interesting questions that might be addressed.
