  Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describes the structure of hadrons such as the
proton at a fundamental level. The precision of calculations in QCD limits the
precision of the values of many physical parameters extracted from collider
data. For example, uncertainty in the parton distribution function (PDF) is the
dominant source of error in the $W$ mass measurement at the LHC. Improving the
precision of such measurements is essential in the search for new physics.
  Quantum simulation offers an efficient way of studying quantum field theories
(QFTs) such as QCD non-perturbatively. Previous quantum algorithms for
simulating QFTs have qubit requirements that are well beyond the most ambitious
experimental proposals for large-scale quantum computers. Can the qubit
requirements for such algorithms be brought into range of quantum computation
with several thousand logical qubits? We show how this can be achieved by using
the light-front formulation of quantum field theory. This work was inspired by
the similarity of the light-front formulation to quantum chemistry, first noted
by Kenneth Wilson.
