  Traditionally, caregivers, whether formal or informal, have taken the
responsibility of providing assistance and care to patients with cognitive
decline. Usually, both the caregiver and the patient are subjected to financial
and emotional burdens, which impact the patient's life quality. To overcome
this issue, Ambient Assistive Living (AAL) technologies have been adopted to
replace the caregivers and complement patients' lack of intelligence.
Technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
have enabled intelligent ubiquitous learning for smart buildings to monitor the
cognitively declined occupants and provide in-home assistive services and
solutions. This paper aims to summarize and evaluate the intelligence
complements provided by smart buildings that can increase the cognitively
declined occupants' quality of life and autonomy. Through a systematic
literature review, the authors find that most of the existing contributions are
towards identifying the occupants' behavior, and thus, to determine
corresponding assistive services and solutions. Five key research gaps are
identified, including the lack of adequate adoption of technological
interventions to fully support the occupants' autonomy and independence. The
authors also propose a conceptual framework to highlight the research gaps in
smart building applications for cognitively declined occupants and to map the
future research directions.
