  The Digital Twins concept in science has a long history that goes back to the
beginnings of now widely accepted modelling. The ever-expanding amount of
digital data accompanying modelling could not but cause a qualitative
transition from modelling, subordinated to the goal of reproducing a real
object, to an equal-right Digital Twins concept that offers an independent view
of the real object. This chapter presents the first example of such a
conceptual rethinking, using the example of material science of high-tech
graphene materials.
