  The battery management system plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and
dependability of electric and hybrid vehicles. It is responsible for various
functions, including state evaluation, monitoring, charge control, and cell
balancing, all integrated within the BMS. Nonetheless, due to the uncertainties
surrounding battery performance, implementing these functionalities poses
significant challenges. In this study, we explore the latest approaches for
assessing battery states, highlight notable advancements in battery management
systems (BMS), address existing issues with current BMS technology, and put
forth possible solutions for predicting battery charging voltage.
