  An objective critical distance (OCD) has been defined as that spacing between
adjacent formants, when the level of the valley between them reaches the mean
spectral level. The measured OCD lies in the same range (viz., 3-3.5 bark) as
the critical distance determined by subjective experiments for similar
experimental conditions. The level of spectral valley serves a purpose similar
to that of the spacing between the formants with an added advantage that it can
be measured from the spectral envelope without an explicit knowledge of formant
frequencies. Based on the relative spacing of formant frequencies, the level of
the spectral valley, VI (between F1 and F2) is much higher than the level of
VII (spectral valley between F2 and F3) for back vowels and vice-versa for
front vowels. Classification of vowels into front/back distinction with the
difference (VI-VII) as an acoustic feature, tested using TIMIT, NTIMIT, Tamil
and Kannada language databases gives, on the average, an accuracy of about 95%,
which is comparable to the accuracy (90.6%) obtained using a neural network
classifier trained and tested using MFCC as the feature vector for TIMIT
database. The acoustic feature (VI-VII) has also been tested for its robustness
on the TIMIT database for additive white and babble noise and an accuracy of
about 95% has been obtained for SNRs down to 25 dB for both types of noise.
