  CV/ITS (Connected Vehicle, Intelligent Transportation System) and AV/ADS
(Autonomous Vehicle, Automated Driving System) have been emerging for the sake
of saving people lives, improving traffic efficiency and helping the
environment for decades. There are separate efforts led respectively by USDOT
with state DOTs for CV, and private sectors through market driven approach from
start-ups and technology companies for AV. By CV/ITS effort there are 97
deployments of V2X communications utilizing the 5.9 GHz band, 18,877 vehicles
with aftermarket V2X communications devices, and 8,098 infrastructure V2X
devices installed at the roadsides. However, CV/ITS still cannot be massively
deployed in US markets due to lack of regulations, dedicated wireless spectrum
bands, sustainable financial & business models with mature supply chain, etc.
In the other side, technology-driven AV market has been much slower than
expected mainly because of immaturity of AI technology to handle different
complex driving scenarios in a cost effective way. In this paper, we first
present these two parallel journeys focusing on the deployments including
operating models, scenarios and applications, evaluations and lessons learning.
Then, come up with recommendations to a cooperative CAV approach driving a more
feasible, safer, affordable and cost effective transportation, but require a
great industry collaboration from Automotive, Transportation. ICT and Cloud.
