  The first and most important purpose of the current research work is to
investigate the effects that different battery types have on the optimal
configuration of photovoltaic (PV) and battery systems, from both economic and
resilience perspectives. Many industry reports, as well as research papers,
have already highlighted the crucial role that storage systems have in the
coming years in the electricity sector, especially when combined with renewable
energy systems (RES). Given the high cost of storage technologies, there is an
urgent need for optimizing such integrated energy systems. In this paper, a
simulation-based method is adopted and improved, in order to compare different
battery types based on their characteristics by considering projected trends in
the future. After the introduction of four different battery types, i.e.
lead-acid, sodium sulphur, vanadium redox and lithium-ion, the mathematical
model for the optimization problem is presented, along with the required
explanations. Subsequently, a case study is described and the numerical
assumptions are defined. Therein, our specific focus addresses the different
values that the four battery types possess in three critical parameters, i.e.
battery cost, efficiency and depth of discharge (DoD). Finally, results and
discussion are provided in an illustrative and informative way. This model
provides a useful guide for relevant future work in the area, and also serves
as a baseline for more comprehensive methodologies regarding optimal sizing of
photovoltaic and battery systems.
