  The predominant centralized paradigm in educational data management currently
suffers from several critical issues such as vulnerability to malicious
tampering, a high prevalence of diploma counterfeiting, and the onerous cost of
certificate authentication. Decentralized blockchain technology, with its
cutting-edge capabilities, presents a viable solution to these pervasive
problems. In this paper, we illuminate the inherent limitations of existing
centralized systems and introduce EduChain, a novel heterogeneous
blockchain-based system for managing educational data. EduChain uniquely
harnesses the strengths of both private and consortium blockchains, offering an
unprecedented level of security and efficiency. In addition, we propose a
robust mechanism for performing database consistency checks and error tracing.
This is achieved through the implementation of a secondary consensus, employing
the pt-table-checksum tool. This approach effectively addresses the prevalent
issue of database mismatches. Our system demonstrates superior performance in
key areas such as information verification, error traceback, and data security,
thereby significantly improving the integrity and trustworthiness of
educational data management. Through EduChain, we offer a powerful solution for
future advancements in secure and efficient educational data management.
