  The energy efficiency of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) is
significantly influenced by surrounding road users. This paper presents the
evaluation of energy efficiency of CAVs in a mixed traffic interacted with
human controlled vehicles. To simulate the interaction between the CAVs and the
cut-in vehicles controlled by human drivers near the intersection, a lane
changing model is proposed to emulate the politeness and patience
characteristics of the human driver. The proposed lane changing model is then
calibrated based on over 100,000 naturalistic lane changing events collected by
the University of Michigan Safety Pilot Model Deployment Program. A case study
on simulation of the cut-in scenario is carried out to demonstrate the human
driver's lane changing sensitivity under different driving trajectories of a
frontal CAV and the influence on the energy consumption of the CAV due to the
cut-in vehicle is evaluated. The simulation results indicate that the fuel
economy of the CAV can be substantially improved if its surrounding cut-in
vehicles can be well handled.
