  Interpreting a node-link graph is enhanced if similar subgraphs (or motifs)
are depicted in a similar manner; that is, they have the same visual form.
Small motifs within graphs may be perceived to be identical when they are
structurally dissimilar, or may be perceived to be dissimilar when they are
identical. This issue primarily relates to the Gestalt principle of similarity,
but may also include an element of quick, low-level pattern-matching. We
believe that if motifs are identical, they should be depicted identically; if
they are nearly-identical, they should be depicted nearly-identically. This
principle is particularly important in domains where motifs hold meaning and
where their identification is important. We identified five small motifs:
bi-cliques, cliques, cycles, double-cycles, and stars. For each, we defined
visual variations on two dimensions: same or different structure, same or
different shape. We conducted a crowd-sourced empirical study to test the
perception of similarity of these varied motifs, and found that determining
whether motifs are identical or similar is affected by both shape and
structure.
