  Sustainability of common-pool resources hinges on the interplay between human
and environmental systems. However, there is still a lack of a novel and
comprehensive framework for modelling extraction of common-pool resources and
cooperation of human agents that can account for different factors that shape
the system behavior and outcomes. In particular, we still lack a critical value
for ensuring resource sustainability under different scenarios. In this paper,
we present a novel framework for studying resource extraction and cooperation
in human-environmental systems for common-pool resources. We explore how
different factors, such as resource availability and conformity effect,
influence the players' decisions and the resource outcomes. We identify
critical values for ensuring resource sustainability under various scenarios.
We demonstrate the observed phenomena are robust to the complexity and
assumptions of the models and discuss implications of our study for policy and
practice, as well as the limitations and directions for future research.
