  The electronic structure of Bi2Se3 is studied by angle-resolved photoemission
and density functional theory. We show that the instability of the surface
electronic properties, observed even in ultra-high-vacuum conditions, can be
overcome via in-situ potassium deposition. In addition to accurately setting
the carrier concentration, new Rashba-like spin-polarized states are induced,
with a tunable, reversible, and highly stable spin splitting. Ab-initio slab
calculations reveal that these Rashba state are derived from the 5QL
quantum-well states. While the K-induced potential gradient enhances the spin
splitting, this might be already present for pristine surfaces due to the
symmetry breaking of the vacuum-solid interface.
