  No doubt, among the most exciting discoveries of the third millennium thus
far are {\bf Oscillations of Massive Neutrinos} and {\bf Dark Energy} that
leads to an accelerated expansion of the Universe. Accordingly, Nuclear Physics
is presented with two extraordinary challenges: the need for precise (5% or
better) prediction of solar neutrino fluxes within the Standard Solar Model,
and the need for an accurate (5% or better) understanding of stellar evolution
and in particular of Type Ia super nova that are used as cosmological standard
candle. In contrast, much confusion is found in the field with contradicting
data and strong statements of accuracy that can not be supported by current
data. We discuss an experimental program to address these challenges and
disagreements.
