  Nowadays, a community starts to find the need for human presence in an
alternative way, there has been tremendous research and development in
advancing telepresence robots. People tend to feel closer and more comfortable
with telepresence robots as many senses a human presence in robots. In general,
many people feel the sense of agency from the face of a robot, but some
telepresence robots without arm and body motions tend to give a sense of human
presence. It is important to identify and configure how the telepresence robots
affect a sense of presence and agency to people by including human face and
slight face and arm motions. Therefore, we carried out extensive research via
web-based experiment to determine the prototype that can result in soothing
human interaction with the robot. The experiments featured videos of a
telepresence robot n = 128, 2 x 2 between-participant study robot face factor:
video-conference, robot-like face; arm motion factor: moving vs. static) to
investigate the factors significantly affecting human presence and agency with
the robot. We used two telepresence robots: an affordable robot platform and a
modified version for human interaction enhancements. The findings suggest that
participants feel agency that is closer to human-likeness when the robot's face
was replaced with a human's face and without a motion. The robot's motion
invokes a feeling of human presence whether the face is human or robot-like.
