  A recent study has shown that domain walls with initial inflationary
fluctuations exhibit remarkable stability against population bias due to
long-range correlations, challenging the claims of prior research. In this
paper, we study the dynamics of these domain walls in the presence of potential
bias and show that they collapse with a lifetime several times longer than that
due to thermal fluctuations. This is interpreted as a difference in the average
distance between domain walls, leading us to derive a new formula for the
domain wall lifetime that depends on the area parameter. In addition, we
compute the spectrum of gravitational waves generated by such domain walls and
find that both the peak frequency and the peak abundance are lowered in a
manner that depends on the area parameter. Based on these findings, we also
determine the necessary degree of vacuum degeneracy for axion domain walls to
explain the isotropic cosmic birefringence.
