  Measuring the three dimension nanoscale organization of protein or cellular
structures is challenging, especially when the structure is dynamic. Owing to
the informative total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging under
varied illumination angles, multi-angle (MA) TIRF has been examined to offer a
nanoscale axial and a sub-second temporal resolution. However, conventional
MA-TIRF still performs badly in lateral resolution and fail to characterize the
depth-image in densely-distributed regions, leaving a huge contrast between the
nanoscale axial resolution and the diffraction limited lateral resolution.
Moreover, the previous reconstructions are highly restricted by the efficiency
with the increased amount of illumination angles. Here, we for the first time,
emphasize the lateral super-resolution in the MA-TIRF and exampled by simply
introducing polarization modulation into the illumination procedure. Equipped
with a sparsity and accelerated proximal algorithm, we examine a more precise
3D sample structure compared with previous methods, enabling live cell imaging
with temporal-resolution of 2 seconds, recovering high-resolution mitochondria
fission and fusion process. Since the introduced vortex half wave retarder is
an add-on component to the existing MA-TRIF system and the algorithm is the
first open sourced and the fastest, we anticipate that the method and algorithm
introduced here would be adopted rapidly by the biological community.
