  Statistical graphics and data visualization have long histories, but their
modern forms began only in the early 1800s. Between roughly 1850 and 1900
($\pm10$), an explosive growth occurred in both the general use of graphic
methods and the range of topics to which they were applied. Innovations were
prodigious and some of the most exquisite graphics ever produced appeared,
resulting in what may be called the ``Golden Age of Statistical Graphics.'' In
this article I trace the origins of this period in terms of the infrastructure
required to produce this explosive growth: recognition of the importance of
systematic data collection by the state; the rise of statistical theory and
statistical thinking; enabling developments of technology; and inventions of
novel methods to portray statistical data. To illustrate, I describe some
specific contributions that give rise to the appellation ``Golden Age.''
