  With multiple carriers in a logistics market, customers can choose the best
carrier to deliver their products and packages. In this paper, we present a
novel approach of using the stochastic evolutionary game to analyze the
decision-making of the customers using the less-than-truckload (LTL) delivery
service. We propose inter-related optimization and game models that allow us to
analyze the vehicle routing optimization for the LTL carriers and carrier
selection for the customers, respectively. The stochastic evolutionary game
model incorporates a small perturbation of customers' decision-making which
exists due to irrationality. The solution of the stochastic evolutionary game
in terms of stochastically stable states is characterized by using the Markov
chain model. The numerical results show the impact of carriers' and customers'
parameters on the stable states.
