  Exploration of the small $x$ kinematic region by the HERA experiments led to
a revival of some models which existed before the advent of Quantum Chromo
Dynamics (QCD) as the theory of the strong interactions. Predictions of these
models for the deep inelastic structure functions are compared with those given
by QCD. Future experiments will concentrate on the large $x$-region and we will
discuss some issues which are important for the test of QCD. In particular we
emphasize the next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) order analysis of the structure
functions and the determination of the strong coupling constant $\alpha_s$. We
also make some critical remarks about the relevance of so called large
corrections in the small and large $x$-region.
