  We perform a covariant constraint analysis of massive gravity valid for its
entire parameter space, demonstrating that the model generically propagates
five degrees of freedom; this is also verified by a new and streamlined
Hamiltonian description. The constraint's covariant expression permits
computation of the model's caustics. Although new features such as the
dynamical Riemann tensor appear in the characteristic matrix, the model still
exhibits the pathologies uncovered in earlier work: superluminality and likely
acausalities.
