  We present deep HI 21-cm and optical observations of the face-on spiral
galaxy M 83 obtained as part of a project to search for high-velocity clouds
(HVCs) in nearby galaxies. Anomalous-velocity neutral gas is detected toward M
83, with 5.6x10^7 Msolar of HI contained in a disk rotating 40-50 km/s more
slowly in projection than the bulk of the gas. We interpret this as a
vertically extended thick disk of neutral material, containing 5.5% of the
total HI within the central 8 kpc. Using an automated source detection
algorithm to search for small-scale HI emission features, we find eight
distinct, anomalous-velocity HI clouds with masses ranging from 7x10^5 to
1.5x10^7 Msolar and velocities differing by up to 200 km/s compared to the HI
disk. Large on-disk structures are coincident with the optical spiral arms,
while unresolved off-disk clouds contain no diffuse optical emission down to a
limit of 27 r' mag per square arcsec. The diversity of the thick HI disk and
larger clouds suggests the influence of multiple formation mechanisms, with a
galactic fountain responsible for the slowly-rotating disk and on-disk discrete
clouds, and tidal effects responsible for off-disk cloud production. The mass
and kinetic energy of the HI clouds are consistent with the mass exchange rate
predicted by the galactic fountain model. If the HVC population in M 83 is
similar to that in our own Galaxy, then the Galactic HVCs must be distributed
within a radius of less than 25 kpc.
