  Astronomers occasionally detect an object having unexpected shape,
unexplainable photometry, or unprecedented spectra that are inconsistent with
our contemporary knowledge of the universe. Upon careful assessment, many of
these anomalies are discarded as mere noise, contamination, or faulty analysis.
But some anomalies survive scrutiny to yield new astronomical objects and
physical processes. Examples of validated anomalies include quasars, pulsars,
and periodic Doppler shifts of Sun-like stars caused by the gravitational pull
of orbiting planets. Other anomalies persist as mysteries, including Fast Radio
Bursts, dark energy, 'Oumuamua as an alien spaceship, and simultaneously
vanishing stars. Advanced technological life may present astronomers with
anomalies that require carefully designed observations from multiple vantage
points simultaneously and with real-time spectroscopy.
