  Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has been a challenging
problem in the last decade. The most explored approaches for this purpose are
based on multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique. The first algorithm that
introduced MDS for nodes localization in sensor networks is well known as
MDS-MAP. Since its appearance in 2003, many variations of MDS-MAP have been
proposed in the literature. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey
of the localization techniques that are based on MDS. We classify MDS-based
algorithms according to different taxonomy features and different evaluation
metrics.
