  We examine the long-term (rest-frame time scales from a few months to $\sim
20$ years) X-ray variability of a sample of 2344 X-ray bright quasars from the
SDSS DR14Q Catalogue, based on the data of the SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey
complemented for $\sim 7$% of the sample by archival data from the XMM-Newton
Serendipitous Source Catalogue. We characterise variability by a structure
function, $SF^2(\Delta t)$. We confirm the previously known anti-correlation of
the X-ray variability amplitude with luminosity. We also study the dependence
of X-ray variability on black hole mass, $M_{\rm BH}$, and on an X-ray based
proxy of the Eddington ratio, $\lambda_{\rm X}$. Less massive black holes prove
to be more variable for given Eddington ratio and time scale. X-ray variability
also grows with decreasing Eddington ratio and becomes particularly strong at
$\lambda_{\rm X}$ of less than a few per cent. We confirm that the X-ray
variability amplitude increases with increasing time scale. The $SF^2(\Delta
t)$ dependence can be satisfactorily described by a power law, with the slope
ranging from $\sim 0$ to $\sim 0.4$ for different ($M_{\rm BH}$, $\lambda_{\rm
X}$) subsamples (except for the subsample with the lowest black hole mass and
lowest Eddington ratio, where it is equal to $1.1\pm 0.4$)
