  This study developed a novel thermal control system to cool detectors of the
General AntiParticle Spectrometer (GAPS) before its flights. GAPS is a
balloon-borne cosmic-ray observation experiment. In its payload, GAPS contains
over 1000 silicon detectors that must be cooled below $-40^{\circ}\mbox{C}$.
All detectors are thermally coupled to a unique heat-pipe system (HPS) that
transfers heat from the detectors to a radiator. The radiator is designed to be
cooled below $-50^{\circ}\mbox{C}$ during the flight by exposure to space. The
pre-flight state of the detectors is checked on the ground at 1 atm and ambient
room temperature, but the radiator cannot be similarly cooled. The authors have
developed a ground cooling system (GCS) to chill the detectors for ground
testing. The GCS consists of a cold plate, a chiller, and insulating foam. The
cold plate is designed to be attached to the radiator and cooled by a coolant
pumped by the chiller. The payload configuration, including the HPS, can be the
same as that of the flight. The GCS design was validated by thermal tests using
a scale model. The GCS design is simple and provides a practical guideline,
including a simple estimation of appropriate thermal insulation thickness,
which can be easily adapted to other applications.
