  The goal of heavy ion reactions at low beam energies is to explore the QCD
phase diagram at high net baryon chemical potential. To relate experimental
observations with a first order phase transition or a critical endpoint,
dynamical approaches for the theoretical description have to be developed. In
this summary of the corresponding plenary talk, the status of the dynamical
modeling including the most recent advances is presented. The remaining
challenges are highlighted and promising experimental measurements are pointed
out.
