  Determining the fraction of nearby dwarf galaxies hosting massive black holes
(BHs) can inform our understanding of the origin of "seed" black holes at high
redshift. Here we search for signatures of accreting massive BHs in a sample of
dwarf galaxies ($M_\star \le 3 \times 10^9~M_\odot$, $z \leq 0.15$) selected
from the NASA-Sloan Atlas (NSA) using X-ray observations from the eROSITA Final
Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS). On average, our search is sensitive to active
galactic nuclei (AGNs) in dwarf galaxies that are accreting at $\gtrsim 1%$ of
their Eddington luminosity. Of the ${\sim}28,000$ X-ray sources in eFEDS and
the 495 dwarf galaxies in the NSA within the eFEDS footprint, we find six
galaxies hosting possible active massive BHs. If the X-ray sources are indeed
associated with the dwarf galaxies, the X-ray emission is above that expected
from star formation, with X-ray source luminosities of $L_{0.5-8~\textrm{keV}}
\sim 10^{39\textrm{-}40}$ erg s$^{-1}$. Additionally, after accounting for
chance alignments of background AGNs with dwarf galaxies, we estimate there are
between 0-9 real associations between dwarf galaxies and X-ray sources in the
eFEDS field at the 95% confidence level. From this we find an upper limit on
the eFEDS-detected dwarf galaxy AGN fraction of $\le 1.8%$, which is broadly
consistent with similar studies at other wavelengths. We extrapolate these
findings from the eFEDS sky coverage to the planned eROSITA All-Sky Survey and
estimate that upon completion, the all-sky survey could yield as many as
${\sim}1350$ AGN candidates in dwarf galaxies at low redshift.
