  Intraperitoneal and catheter exit site infections are the most common
complications associated with prolonged peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy used
for treating the patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF). Recurrent and
persistent infections often cause inflammation of the peritoneum, a condition
known as infectious peritonitis and to resolve the condition, patients require
antibiotic treatment. However, if the treatment is delayed or if it fails due
to antibiotic resistance, the peritonitis may lead to permanent malfunctioning
of peritoneal membrane causing technique failure and transferring the patients
to haemodialysis. Severe and prolonged peritonitis is not only the major cause
of technique failure, it is also the leading cause of mortality and morbidity
in PD patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the existing PD
technique so that the frequency of PD associated infections could be reduced
and infectious peritonitis episodes thereof during prolonged peritoneal
dialysis. In this perspective, I highlight the possibility to improve the PD
technique through the use of antimicrobial nanoparticles synthesized
biologically.
