  The field of attosecond nanophysics, combining the research areas of
attosecond physics with nanoscale physics, has experienced a considerable rise
in recent years both experimentally and theoretically. Its foundation rests on
the sub-cycle manipulation and sampling of the coupled electron and near-field
dynamics on the nanoscale. Attosecond nanophysics not only addresses questions
of strong fundamental interest in strong-field light-matter interactions at the
nanoscale, but also could eventually lead to a considerable number of
applications in ultrafast, petahertz-scale electronics, and ultrafast metrology
for microscopy or nanoscopy. In this perspective, we outline the current
frontiers, challenges, and future directions in the field, with particular
emphasis on the development of petahertz electronics and attosecond nanoscopy.
