  We introduce the *decision-conflict logit*, a simple and disciplined
extension of the logit with an outside option that assigns a menu-dependent
utility to that option. The relative value of this utility at a menu could be
interpreted as proxying decision difficulty and determines the probability of
avoiding/delaying choice at that menu. We focus on two intuitively structured
special cases of the model that offer complementary insights, and argue that
they explain a variety of observed choice-deferral effects that are caused by
hard decisions. We conclude by illustrating the usability of the proposed
modelling framework in applications.
