  We consider Bose-Einstein condensation of massive electrically charged
scalars in a uniform background of charged fermions. We focus on the case when
the scalar condensate screens the background charge, while the net charge of
the system resides on its boundary surface. A distinctive signature of this
substance is that the photon acquires a Lorentz-violating mass in the bulk of
the condensate. Due to this mass, the transverse and longitudinal gauge modes
propagate with different group velocities. We give qualitative arguments that
at high enough densities and low temperatures a charged system of electrons and
helium-4 nuclei, if held together by laboratory devices or by force of gravity,
can form such a substance. We briefly discuss possible manifestations of the
charged condensate in compact astrophysical objects.
