  We conduct an extensive meta-regression analysis of counterfactual programme
evaluations from Italy, considering both published and grey literature on
enterprise and innovation policies. We specify a multilevel model for the
probability of finding positive effect estimates, also assessing correlation
possibly induced by co-authorship networks. We find that the probability of
positive effects is considerable, especially for weaker firms and outcomes that
are directly targeted by public programmes. However, these policies are less
likely to trigger change in the long run.
