  Sea Level Rise (SLR) is one of the most pressing challenges of climate change
and has drawn noticeable research interest over the past few decades. Factors
induced by global climate change such as temperature increase, have resulted in
both direct and indirect changes in sea levels at different spatial scales. A
number of climatic and non-climatic events drive the change in sea level and
impose risk on coastal and low-lying areas. Nevertheless, changes in sea level
are not uniformly distributed globally due to a number of regional factors such
as wave actions, storm surge frequencies, and tectonic land movement. The high
exposure to those factors increases the vulnerability of subjected areas to SLR
impacts. The impacts of events induced by climate change and SLR are reflected
in biophysical, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. Different
indicator-based and model-based approaches are used to assess coastal areas'
vulnerabilities, response to impacts, and implementation of adaptation and
mitigation measures. Various studies were made to project future SLR impacts
and evaluate implemented protection and adaptation approaches to help
policymakers plan effective adaptation and mitigation measures and reduce
damage. This paper provides an overview of SLR and its key elements
encompassing contributing factors, impacts, and mitigation and adaptation
measures with a case study focus on the Arabian Gulf.
