  With the frequent occurrence of black swan events, global energy security
situation has become increasingly complex and severe. Assessing the resilience
of the international oil trade network (iOTN) is crucial for evaluating its
ability to withstand extreme shocks and recover thereafter, ensuring energy
security. We overcomes the limitations of discrete historical data by
developing a simulation model for extreme event shock-recovery in the iOTNs. We
introduce network efficiency indicator to measure oil resource allocation
efficiency and evaluate network performance. Then, construct a resilience index
to explore the resilience of the iOTNs from dimensions of resistance and
recoverability. Our findings indicate that extreme events can lead to sharp
declines in performance of the iOTNs, especially when economies with
significant trading positions and relations suffer shocks. The upward trend in
recoverability and resilience reflects the self-organizing nature of the iOTNs,
demonstrating its capacity for optimizing its own structure and functionality.
Unlike traditional energy security research based solely on discrete historical
data or resistance indicators, our model evaluates resilience from multiple
dimensions, offering insights for global energy governance systems while
providing diverse perspectives for various economies to mitigate risks and
uphold energy security.
