  An \textit{Italian dominating function} on a digraph $D$ with vertex set
$V(D)$ is defined as a function $f : V(D) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ such that
every vertex $v \in V(D)$ with $f(v) = 0$ has at least two in-neighbors
assigned $1$ under $f$ or one in-neighbor $w$ with $f(w) = 2$. The
\textit{weight} of an Italian dominating function $f$ is the value $\omega(f) =
f(V(D)) = \sum_{u \in V(D)} f(u)$. The \textit{Italian domination number} of a
digraph $D$, denoted by $\gamma_I(D)$, is the minimum taken over the weights of
all Italian dominating functions on $D$. The \textit{Italian bondage number} of
a digraph $D$, denoted by $b_I(D)$, is the minimum number of arcs of $A(D)$
whose removal in $D$ results in a digraph $D'$ with $\gamma_I(D') >
\gamma_I(D)$. The \textit{Italian reinforcement number} of a digraph $D$,
denoted by $r_I(D)$, is the minimum number of extra arcs whose addition to $D$
results in a digraph $D'$ with $\gamma_I(D') < \gamma_I(D)$. In this paper, we
initiate the study of Italian bondage and reinforcement numbers in digraphs and
present some bounds for $b_I(D)$ and $r_I(D)$. We also determine the Italian
bondage and reinforcement numbers of some classes of digraphs.
