  In the present work we detail how the many-body potential energy landscape of
interatomic potentials for carbon can be explored by utilising the nested
sampling algorithm, allowing the calculation of their pressure-temperature
phase diagram up to high pressures. We present a comparison of three
interatomic potential models, Tersoff, EDIP and GAP-20, focusing on their
macroscopic properties, particularly on their melting transition and on
identifying thermodynamically stable solid structures up to at least 100 GPa.
The studied models all form graphite structures upon freezing at lower
pressure, then the diamond structure as the pressure increases. We were able to
locate the transition between these phases in case of the Tersoff and EDIP
models. We placed particular focus on the state-of-the-art machine learning
(ML) model, GAP-20, and calculated its phase diagram up to 1 TPa to evaluate
its predictive capabilities well outside of the model's fitting conditions. The
phase diagram showed a remarkably good agreement with the experimental phase
diagram up to 200 GPa, despite a variety of unexpected graphite layer spacing.
Above that nested sampling identified two novel stable solid structures, a
strained diamond structure and above 800 GPa a strained hexagonal-close-packed
structure. However, the stability of these two phases were not confirmed by DFT
calculations, highlighting potential routes to further improve the ML model.
