  Recent years have seen growing interest in the development of self-driving
vehicles that promise (or threaten) to replace human drivers with intelligent
software. However, current self-driving cars still require human supervision
and prompt takeover of control when necessary. Poor alertness while controlling
self-driving cars could hinder the drivers' ability to intervene during
unpredictable situations, thus increasing the risk of avoidable accidents. In
this paper we examine the key factors that contribute to drivers' poor
alertness, and the potential solutions that have been proposed to address them.
Based on this examination we make some recommendations for various
stakeholders, such as researchers, drivers, industry and policy makers.
