  The energy sector has become priority around the world with developing
technology and increasing power and energy demand. That all sources for energy
production are not renewable increases greenhouse gas emissions and causes
global warming. Turkey's dependence on foreign sources in terms of vital energy
resources and the suboptimality of the energy distribution has increased the
need for optimum design of energy grids and long-term production planning of
established grids. Microgrid is an energy grid consisting of distributed
generators, storage units and loads. In this study, optimum design and
generation planning of microgrids using mixed integer nonlinear programming
(MINLP) is investigated. The optimal design under conditions such as excess
electricity, CO2 emission, and water shortage are examined. Finally, the
constraints of the optimization models and the empirical equations for each
equipment are investigated. Keywords: Mixed integer nonlinear programming
(MINLP), Energy grid optimization, Microgrid, Excess (surplus) electricity,
Carbon dioxide emission, Water shortage
