  This paper introduces and tests an unsupervised method for detecting novel
coordinated inauthentic information operations (CIOs) in realistic settings.
This method uses Bayesian inference to identify groups of accounts that share
similar account-level characteristics and target similar narratives. We solve
the inferential problem using amortized variational inference, allowing us to
efficiently infer group identities for millions of accounts. We validate this
method using a set of five CIOs from three countries discussing four topics on
Twitter. Our unsupervised approach increases detection power (area under the
precision-recall curve) relative to a naive baseline (by a factor of 76 to
580), relative to the use of simple flags or narratives on their own (by a
factor of 1.3 to 4.8), and comes quite close to a supervised benchmark. Our
method is robust to observing only a small share of messaging on the topic,
having only weak markers of inauthenticity, and to the CIO accounts making up a
tiny share of messages and accounts on the topic. Although we evaluate the
results on Twitter, the method is general enough to be applied in many
social-media settings.
