  The design and fabrication of extremely hydrate phobic Liquid Impregnated
Surfaces (sometimes abbreviated as LIS) based on industrial material Aluminium
Al6061 and industrially scalable low-cost method were carried out. A simple
hydrochloric acid-based etching method and boiling water treatment were used to
generate micro and nanoscale nanopetal roughness features respectably. A
theoretical analysis was performed to find out the relationship between the
interfacial interactions and surface roughness features to predict the
stability of lubricant oil of LIS under water and oil environment. LIS with
appropriate surface chemistry and textures were fabricated to experimentally
validate the theoretical analysis on lubricant stability. Subsequent
experimental measurements of hydrate adhesion were performed on LIS with stable
lubricant layers, using a custom-made experimental setup and cantilever-based
method. Cyclopentane hydrate, mimics gas hydrate forming mechanism at
atmospheric pressure, and is used for the hydrate adhesion measurements.
Extreme reduction of hydrate adhesion with more than four orders of magnitude
was observed on LIS compared to control smooth aluminium surfaces
