  The magnetic phase diagram of magnetoelectric LiCoPO$_4$ is established using
neutron diffraction and magnetometry in fields up to 25.9T applied along the
crystallographic $b$-axis. For fields greater than 11.9T the magnetic unit cell
triples in size with propagation vector Q = (0, 1/3, 0). A magnetized elliptic
cycloid is formed with spins in the $(b,c)$-plane and the major axis oriented
along $b$. Such a structure allows for the magnetoelectric effect with an
electric polarization along $c$ induced by magnetic fields applied along $b$.
Intriguingly, additional ordering vectors Q $\approx$ (0, 1/4, 0) and Q
$\approx$ (0, 1/2, 0) appear for increasing fields in the hysteresis region
below the transition field. Traces of this behavior are also observed in the
magnetization. A simple model based on a mean-field approach is proposed to
explain these additional ordering vectors. In the field interval 20.5-21.0T,
the propagation vector Q = (0, 1/3, 0) remains but the spins orient differently
compared to the cycloid phase. Above 21.0T and up until saturation a
commensurate magnetic structure exists with a ferromagnetic component along $b$
and an antiferromagnetic component along $c$.
