  This paper gives an overview of the particle transport theory essentials, the
basics of particle-material interaction simulation, physical quantities needed
to simulate particle transport and interactions in materials, Monte Carlo
simulation flow, response of additive detectors, statistical weights and other
techniques to minimize statistical errors. Effects in materials under
irradiation, materials response related to component lifetime and performance
are considered with a focus on high-energy and high-power accelerator
applications. Implementation of simulation of particle-material interactions in
the modern Monte Carlo codes along with the code s main features and results of
recent benchmarking are described.
