  This paper provides interested beginners with an updated and detailed
introduction to the field of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). ITSs are
computer programs that use artificial intelligence techniques to enhance and
personalize automation in teaching. This paper is a literature review that
provides the following: First, a review of the history of ITS along with a
discussion on the interface between human learning and computer tutors and how
effective ITSs are in contemporary education. Second, the traditional
architectural components of an ITS and their functions are discussed along with
approaches taken by various ITSs. Finally, recent innovative ideas in ITS
systems are presented. This paper concludes with some of the author's views
regarding future work in the field of intelligent tutoring systems.
