  The rapid growth of the e-commerce market creates new dynamics in the
logistics landscape, which has been evolving for decades in cities around the
world. It is a challenge for businesses and planners to meet the high demand
for logistics facilities for e-commerce order fulfillment and goods handling.
In the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, mega-scale multi-tenant logistics facilities
have been developed in both the port area near the urban center and the
periphery of the city, while delivery service providers locate many last-mile
delivery stations, varying in number depending on the urban density. We analyze
the spatial distribution and location factors of both mega-scale multi-tenant
facilities and last-mile delivery facilities. We found that, due to the
scarcity of land, newly developed multi-tenant facilities are more likely to be
in less accessible places that have high-level development restrictions. The
result also indicates the heterogeneity of the distribution of delivery service
providers' facilities, reflecting the heterogeneity in business strategies.
