  This volume is devoted to the emerging field of Integrated Visual Knowledge
Discovery that combines advances in Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
(AI/ML) and Visualization/Visual Analytics. Chapters included are extended
versions of the selected AI and Visual Analytics papers and related symposia at
the recent International Information Visualization Conferences (IV2019 and
IV2020). AI/ML face a long-standing challenge of explaining models to humans.
Models explanation is fundamentally human activity, not only an algorithmic
one. In this chapter we aim to present challenges and future directions within
the field of Visual Analytics, Visual Knowledge Discovery and AI/ML, and to
discuss the role of visualization in visual AI/ML. In addition, we describe
progress in emerging Full 2D ML, natural language processing, and AI/ML in
multidimensional data aided by visual means.
