  Human-Centered learning analytics (HCLA) is an approach that emphasizes the
human factors in learning analytics and truly meets user needs. User
involvement in all stages of the design, analysis, and evaluation of learning
analytics is the key to increase value and drive forward the acceptance and
adoption of learning analytics. Visual analytics is a multidisciplinary data
science research field that follows a human-centered approach and thus has the
potential to foster the acceptance of learning analytics. Although various
domains have already made use of visual analytics, it has not been considered
much with respect to learning analytics. This paper explores the benefits of
incorporating visual analytics concepts into the learning analytics process by
(a) proposing the Learning Analytics and Visual Analytics (LAVA) model as
enhancement of the learning analytics process with human in the loop, (b)
applying the LAVA model in the Open Learning Analytics Platform (OpenLAP) to
support humancentered indicator design, and (c) evaluating how blending
learning analytics and visual analytics can enhance the acceptance and adoption
of learning analytics, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM).
