  In this paper, a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy for the
interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) using dual control for
exploration and exploitation (DCEE). In the proposed method, the permanent
magnet flux and the difference between the $d$- and $q$-axis inductance are
identified by multiple estimators using the recursive least square method. The
initial values of the estimated parameters in different estimators are
different. By using multiple estimators, exploration of the operational
environment to reduce knowledge uncertainty can be realized. Compared to those
MTPA control strategies based on the extremum-seeking method, the proposed
method has better dynamic performance when speed or load varies. The
effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations.
