  First principles calculations of the Bjorken-$x$ dependence of hadron
structure have been a long-standing challenge for lattice QCD. This year marks
a significant milestone: the first determinations of parton distribution
functions, which capture the longitudinal momentum structure of fast-moving
hadrons, at physical pion masses. Moreover, there has been significant progress
in our understanding of the theoretical frameworks underpinning these
calculations, although not all sources of systematic uncertainty have been
fully explored. I review the various approaches to extracting $x$-dependent
hadron structure from lattice QCD and highlight recent results in both the
meson and baryon sectors.
