  Economic crimes such as money laundering, terrorism financing, tax evasion or
corruption almost invariably involve the use of a corporate entity. Such
entities are regularly incorporated and managed by corporate services providers
(CSPs). Given this potential for enabling economic crime, the CSP industry in
the Netherlands is heavily regulated and CSPs require a license to operate.
Operating without a licence is illegal. In this paper, we estimate the size of
the illegal CSP sector in the Netherlands. For this, we develop a
classification method to detect potentially illegal CSPs based on their
similarity with licensed CSPs. Similarity is computed based on their position
within the network of directors, companies and addresses, and the
characteristics of such entities. We manually annotate a sample of the
potential illegal CSPs and estimate that illegal CSPs constitute 31--51\% of
the total number of CSPs and manage 19--27\% of all companies managed by CSPs.
Our analysis provides a tool to regulators to improve detection and prevention
of economic crime, and can be extended to the estimation of other illegal
activities.
