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Probably you have had many students at the end of the semester tell you they could not read the text or else they read it and got nothing out of it. One cause of this could be a mismatch between the reasoning skills the student normally uses and the skills the textbook requires. As you read the text excerpts selected for your review, keep in mind the characteristics of concrete and formal reasoning as explained in Module 2. Also, remember that even students using formal reasoning find it easier and probably understand in a more broadly-based way if they can progress through self-regulation from a concrete to a formal view of the subject.