Is the Magnetic Force More Powerful than Gravity?
In this experiment, you use a magnetic field to defy gravity and hold a magnetic object suspended in the air. You also explore the effectiveness of various materials in shielding the effects of the magnetic field.
What You Need
- powerful permanent magnet
- ring stand with clamp
- paper clip
- 12 inches of (low mass) string
- materials to test as a shield: glass, paper, copper
- piece of tape
- Secure the magnet to the ring stand, so the most powerful magnetic field is directed downward.
- Tie the string to the paper clip.
- Bring the paper clip near the overhead magnet. It should be close enough for the magnetic field to exert a force on the clip, as shown in Figure 104-1.
- Tape the other end of the string to the table. Using tape enables you to easily make slight adjustments in the string length.
- At this point, if you are going to show this to someone, this would be a good point to have them come into the room.
- Observe what happens when you bring the paper clip closer, and then further from the magnet.
- Try blocking the magnetic field by using any of the following potential shielding materials: glass, paper, copper, iron.
The paper clip appears to defy gravity and will be held suspended above the table. Depending on the strength of the magnet, a gap of a few millimeters can be established between the paper clip and the magnet.
The magnetic field can be shown to penetrate through materials, such as glass, paper, wood, or copper. See Figures 104-2 and 104-3.
Why It Works
The force exerted by the magnet is greater than the force of gravity.
Other Things to Try
Use a very sensitive spring scale or a force gauge to measure the magnetic force exerted on the paper clip.
Magnetic fields exert a force on magnetic objects. This force decreases with distance. The magnetic field penetrates both electrical insulators and conductors.
Warning is hereby given that not all Project Ideas are appropriate for all individuals or in all circumstances. Implementation of any Science Project Idea should be undertaken only in appropriate settings and with appropriate parental or other supervision. Reading and following the safety precautions of all materials used in a project is the sole responsibility of each individual. For further information, consult your state’s handbook of Science Safety.