Topics Discussed: gastroenterology and hepatology; gastroesophageal reflux disease; heartburn; vomiting.
Sections: Clinical Features in Infants, Clinical Features in Older Children, Extraesophageal Manifestations of GERD, Diagnosis, Management, Lifestyle Changes, Tube Feedings, Pharmacological Intervention, Conclusions, References.
Excerpt:"Normal regurgitation appears to peak at 24 months of
age and resolves soon after 1 year of age (Figure 123).
It is typically effortless, although it may appear more forceful
in some infants.11,24,25 Regurgitation is distinguished
from vomiting physiologically by the absence of the following factors:
(1) a central nervous system emetic reflex, (2) retrograde upper
intestinal contractions, (3) nausea, and (4) retching.11,25 It
is also important to note that parents and even medical practitioners
may confuse vomiting with regurgitation, or use other terms for
regurgitation (i.e., "spitting up" or "spilling")...."
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