There are several types of spinal narrowing, or spinal stenosis, and they typically are classified by cause, by location along the spine, or by the anatomical component affected by the condition. Spinal stenosis does not necessarily produce symptoms. Only when the spinal cord or adjacent nerve roots are irritated or compressed because of the reduction in space will neuropathic symptoms such as pain, tingling, numbness, or muscle weakness occur.
Classifications of Spinal Stenosis
Spinal narrowing can occur at any level of the spine, but is most common within the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions. These two areas are more susceptible to degeneration because their relative flexibility allows for a wide range of stress-inducing bending, twisting, and turning. Repetitive movement over the years can take a toll on the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and other anatomical components of the upper and lower spine. Osteoarthritis can produce bone spurs. Degenerative disc disease can produce herniated or bulging discs. Deteriorating cartilage can rob joints of their ability to articulate smoothly. Any of these conditions can contribute to the different types of spinal narrowing, which include:
- Congenital – an inherited condition such as scoliosis
- Spinal canal – a reduction in space available in the passageway through which the spinal cord passes
- Foraminal – a reduction in space available for passageways of the nerve roots
- Cervical – spinal stenosis within the neck region
- Thoracic – spinal stenosis within the middle back region
- Lumbar – spinal stenosis within the lower back region
Conservative treatments such as epidural steroid injections, pain medication, exercise, and physical therapy generally are effective ways to manage the symptoms associated with spinal narrowing. However, if weeks or months of conservative treatment prove ineffective, contact Laser Spine Institute to learn about the many benefits of minimally invasive, outpatient procedures performed using endoscopic techniques. Our orthopedic specialists have helped tens of thousands of patients find relief from symptoms associated with spinal narrowing.