Most neurological conditions in dog health issues are directly related to genetic factors. Neurological conditions are most commonly recessive genetic conditions, meaning that both the male and female used in the breeding pair must carry the gene for the disorder for the puppy to have the neurological problem. A great number of these conditions can be managed, however there are not actual cures for these conditions. DNA testing has made identifying affected carrier dogs possible in some breeds, which will helpfully work towards ridding the breeding lines of the recessive genetics.
Neurological Disorders In Dogs
The following are neurological conditions that may be found in dogs of different breeds, types and even in mixed breed dogs.
- White Shaker Dog Syndrome
More commonly seen in small breeds, this syndrome is characterized by rapid and irregular eye movements, seizures and tremors in the hind limbs eventually spreading to the rest of the body. The dog may literally shake all over, while other dogs will only be affected in the hindquarters. It is most common in Westies, Maltese and Bichon Frise but can also occur in mixed breeds with these breeds in the line.
Any breed of dog can develop epilepsy, a seizure disorder. These seizures can range from small neurological conditions such as staring off, acting confused or developing stiffness in the legs to full grand mal seizures. The dog will seem totally unaware of the seizure but will often be tired or very lethargic after an episode. Epilepsy can be managed through the use of several medications, typically continued throughout the dog's life.
- Parkinson's Disease
Just like humans, dogs can develop a neurological condition known as Parkinson's Disease. It is characterized by stiff muscles, jerking movements and tremors along the muscle groups in the body. Typically the condition is more common in older dogs, however in some cases puppies may also be affected. Medications can be used to help slow the degeneration of the central nervous system, however to date there is no cure or way to reverse this group of neurological disorders.
- Degenerative Myelopathy
The exact cause of this condition is not clearly understood but it is known to be an inflammatory and possibly autoimmune neurological disorder. It causes the body to attack the myelin sheath that protects the nerves along the spine, resulting in paralysis in the hindquarters and eventually the front legs. It is more common in herding and working breeds such as the German Shepherd, Labrador Retrievers, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers, Old English Sheepdog, Belgian Sheepdog, Weimaranar and the Rhodesian Ridgeback.
It is critical to talk to your vet if you notice any signs of stiffness, muscle tremors, spasms or seizures. These may be very mild at first and may even come and go over days or weeks. Early diagnosis and treatment is critical to minimizing the damage of these neurological disorders and preserve your dog's health despite neurological conditions.