Recovery efforts by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and scores of other public and private stakeholders - are over 75 years in the making. In 2007, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service published a revised Whooping Crane Recovery Plan, which recommended (among other objectives) measuring and protecting stopover and wintering habitat, creating additional wetland habitat frequented by cranes, managing vegetation, and developing educational programs. Conservation Action Planning was identified as a way to help guide stewardship efforts to take the "what" of the Recovery plan and move it into implementation - "how" and "by how much". How could resources be leveraged to achieve the highest unmet needs?