- Anaxagoras (5)
- Anaximander (3)
- Anaximenes (4)
- Archimedes (6)
- Aristotle (22)
- Boethius (5)
- Buddha (5)
- Cicero (57)
- Confucius (6)
- Democritus (1)
- Diogenes Cynic (2)
- Empedocles (3)
- Marcus Aurelius
The Hellenistic philosopher Chrysippus was vital to the Stoic philosophy, but also contributed to propositional logic.
Epictetus was a Stoic philosopher.
Antisthenes was a Cynic.
Anaxagoras was an Ionian philosopher who spent time in Athens with Euripides and Pericles who thought matter was once a single undifferentiated mass upon which mind worked.
Diogenes Laertius may have been a philosopher himself, but his importance is in giving us details about the ancient Greek philosophers and their philosophies.
Zeno of Citium
Demetrius of Phalerum was a Greek statesman and philosopher.
Aristarchus of Samos was an important astronomer with a lunar crater named for him.
Epictetus, the Stoic philosopher (influenced by Seneca) who, after obtaining his freedom, had to leave Rome.
Aspasia of Miletus
Aspasia of Miletus was the very influential mistress of Pericles and a philosopher to the philosophers.
Ctesius was a Greek physician and historian who wrote 23 books on the history of Babylonia, Assyria, and the Persian Empire to 398 B.C. His sources were Persian archives. Based on what he heard at the court of the Persian king Artaxerxes II Mnemon from 404 to 398/7, Ctesius wrote a history of India.
The life and writing of the philosopher Epicurus, who lent his name to a school of philosophy popular in Rome and still today.
Demetrius of Phalerum
Demetrius of Phalerum may have been an Athenian philosopher-king.