I am surrounded by rocks
And you might not think rocks are really that exciting but they are.
Rocks come in all different
shapes and sizes.
Some rocks are bigger and some rocks
are smaller
And you may not believe it but sand is
actually a rock.
It is a rock they are really tiny rocks
that have been broken down from bigger rocks
So what in the world
could be strong enough
to break down a rock like this
I cannot do it.
What can
Believe it or not it is just plain ordinary water.
Hi I am Jared welcome to Fun Science Demos
And the big idea today is that water when it freezes or rains or snows that water helps break down rocks.
So how can water break down a rock
I mean if I put this rock in this container and cover it with water
how is the water actually going to  break
down that rock
I could sit here all day.
Well  through science we have discovered that it actually takes a lot of time and something else
And that something else is freezing
When water freezes it expands and nothing can stop it when that water is expanding.
For example
take a look at this glass bottle
I have filled it with water
Now if I were to
put a cap on this and put it in the freezer
that water would expand and break the
bottle into lots of little pieces
It is pretty dangerous and we do not
want to do that
So we want to come up with a demonstration
that is a whole lot safer that you can try
We are going to show you
three safer ways that shows
the power of water to break things and
crack things when it freezes.
The simplest
way is an egg
Take a normal raw chicken egg
I do not want to hard boil it because I want all that liquid inside to freeze.
And what is that liquid inside
going to do when it freezes
It expands it gets bigger
And when it gets bigger things break and crack
Take a look at this egg
All I did was put it in the freezer and when I checked it the next day the shell had cracked and broke.
Here is another safer and tastier way
to show you the power of water to crack and break things
This, believe it or not is a water
balloon
A yellow water balloon
I filled it with water and then I coated it with a special chocolate syrup
that forms a nice chocolaty shell a hard shell
I put that in the freezer
When that water.
froze it expanded it got bigger
and it cracked that chocolate shell all
around it.
I tried it with a red water balloon
and guess what
When that water froze it cracked that chocolate shell all around it
It is pretty simple to do, maybe a
little bit messy.
You need special chocolate syrup that
turns into a hard shell
when you put it on and a water balloon
You are also going to want to have a little container to catch the mess as it
sort of drops off and drips off my balloon.
So all I am going to do is hold us up and let
it ooze down to cover my balloon
Spin it it is okay if I make a mess.
And you can see how the chocolate shell covers the balloon
I want to keep smearing it on so the entire balloon is all covered.
Now how do I freeze this
thing without making a big mess
Well I take a toothpick
stick it through the top part of the
balloon and in your freezer there are shelves.
You can slide the toothpick up the
shelf spin it and hang it there
until the water inside freezes and
breaks your chocolate shell.
Our last safe way to show you the power of
water to crack and break things is using plaster.
It is harder than an
eggshell
it is harder than a chocolate shell it is almost as hard as rock.
And we are
going to make our own
You are going to need some plastic cups
paper cups styrofoam cups it does not
matter what kind cup you use
a water balloon and pretty much
I am going to walk you through how to make this work.
So I am using a red cup and the problem with this is that if I mix up my plaster
and I try to put my water balloon inside
and pour the plaster over top the water
balloon will actually want to float on the top.
And that is not going to work
So I have to come up with a way
to keep the water balloon down inside
the cup.
That is what I am going to do right now
All I am going to do is use a thumb tack
to poke a hole right in the center the cup
and once I get my hole started I am
going to use my pencil
to make the hole bigger
I twist and push
and now I have a decent sized hole
The next trick is how do I get the
neck of this balloon through that hole.
And that is where a
twist tie comes in
There is a little piece of metal and
these are used to just tie together
baggies and things like that
and I can actually push this right
through the neck of my balloon.
Got it through the neck twist it a little bit to make sure it holds
And now scrunch the end and I am going to poke it through the and of my cup
Pull it up the neck at my balloon is now through.
Take the twist tie off and now this is hard to see because the balloon wants to stretch
The balloon wants to stretch so I want to
make sure it is not coming down all the way.
So I am going to pull this up just a little
bit higher stretch it down a little lower
I can reach up inside and feel easier
than I can see.
Once I have it where I am happy with
it I am going to take a piece of tape
I am going to tape the bottom
I like to use two pieces of tape so the plaster does not come out the bottom hole.
Now I have a balloon inside my cup that is not going to come out or float
when I pour in the plaster
So now I have
to mix up my plaster
To stir it I am going to use my popsicle
stick I guess you could use your pencil
And I have a cup of plaster Now I need
to add enough water to make this about as thick.
as that chocolate syrup we used earlier
If I put too much in
It is going to get too liquidity too loose
If I put too little in it is going to be too stiff.
So I am going
to do this little by little
I dump it in and I stir
So I have my plaster the way I want it.
You can see it is
pretty much as loose as that chocolate
syrup.
Now the fun part
I get to pour it all over my balloon
So I have my cup what I am going to do is pour this down in.
And I can pour it right on top in my balloon
That will help center the balloon
Now the next part is pretty important
I am going to turn this and what I am going to do is try to show you
I want to try and keep that balloon centered inside the cup.
So I am going to use my popsicle stick to poke it around and center it in there
If you see your balloon come up to the top
that means
you have not taped it down close enough
to the bottom.
So the nice thing about plaster is it dries
pretty quickly so you can just use your
popsicle stick to hold it down until it
dries and holds it and then let go
It takes a few minutes maybe even up to an hour for this plaster to get hard enough
to take a scissors and cut away the cup
You can see here well actually I have two different blocks you can see the actual ribs or outlines of my cup
that when I peeled it away.
So what are these two things
Well this first one you can
see the neck up my balloon peeking out
the bottom.
And it was right in the center of this
block
I stuck the whole thing in the freezer and look what happened.
As that water froze it expanded and it cracked and broke through this plaster
The water was so strong it could break through this hard plaster
Well what about this one.
It is not broken at all
It looks like there is a balloon in the center too
Well I filled this balloon with air instead of
water.
And the air it did not expand when I put
it in the freezer
It did not crack anything
The power of water to break rocks when it freezes.
It is amazing to think that plain
ordinary water has the power to crack
and break rocks when it freezes
Scientists who study rocks are called
geologists.
If you want to learn more about geology
check out our links in the video description
Science is so cool and so amazing!
Thanks for watching.
