
Chinese: 
在你桌子上或口袋里的
数字计算机
运行基本的二进制
逻辑运算
这就意味着把计算机
里的信息
编码为二进制
数字
这些数字
逢二进一
用0或1来表示
承载着这个二进制
信息的
物理单位被
称为比特
在日常的计算机
运行中
比特被用来表示
在硅酮集成电路中
晶体管的通断
举例来说
0代表晶体管
处于低压
1代表其处于
高压
你可以把晶体管想成
一个电子开关
该开关用来选择
电压的两个量值
现在 如果说
我有两比特
我可以列出四个量值的
排列方式
0-0、0-1
1-0、1-1
这就是从0到3这
四个数字的
二进制表示法
如果我有三比特

English: 
The digital computers you have on your desk
or in your pocket work on the basis of binary logic.
This means that the information in
them is encoded in binary numbers
which arenumbers that can take one out of two possible values; 0 or 1.
The physical object that carries this binary information is called a bit.
In everyday's computers, the bit is represented by the state of a transistor inside a silicone chip.
So for example, the 0 is represented by a low voltage on the transistor
and the 1 is represented by a high voltage.
You can think of the transistor as an electronic switch
that selects between two possible values of the voltage.
Now, let's say I have two bits.
I can make four possible combinations of values - 0-0, 0-1, 1-0, 1-1
- which are the binary representations
of the four numbers from 0 to 3.

English: 
If I have three bits, I can write from 0-0-0 to 1-1-1
which are all the numbers from 0 to 7.
So with N bits, I can write the numbers from
0 to 2 to the power N minus 1.
The way digital data is actually processed within a computer is by performing logic operations.
The simplest one is on a single bit. It's called the NOT operation and simply flips the value of the bit.
0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0.
With two bits, I can do for example, the AND operation.
This is the operation that returns 1 if both
inputs are 1.
One can show that the negative AND gate, which is the AND gate followed by a NOT, is a universal logic gate.
Any binary logic operation can be broken down into a sequence of NAND gates.
Modern computers contain over a billion tiny silicone transistors
connected in a way that allows a programmer to decide which sequence of logic operations takes place.

Chinese: 
我可以列出从0-0-0
到1-1-1的
所有排列组合来
表示数字0到7
所以 
N比特
就可以写成从0到2的
(n-1)次方
计算机中的数据
是通过逻辑运算来
进行实际运算的
最基础的一个
就是一位
它被称为
非运算
并简单的转变
比特的量值
把0变成1
1变成0
两比特时
打个比方
与运算
该运算归为1
如果两个输入值
都为1
一用来表明
负的与门
该与门便随在
非运算之后
是一个普遍的
逻辑运算门
任何二进制
逻辑运算
都有可能分解为
一连串的与非门
现代计算机
都包含了
超过十亿个微型
硅酮晶体管
它们连接的
方式
允许程序员
来决定
逻辑运算的
运行顺序
这使我们能够
搜索网页
玩游戏 准备文件

English: 
They allow us to search the web, play games, prepare documents and perform
very complex calculations.
But there are certain calculations that not even the most powerful super computer can tackle,
such as finding the prime factors of large numbers,
designing molecules and materials or finding the shortest path between many cities.
For that, we need
a quantum computer.

Chinese: 
并且能够运行非常
复杂的计算
但是有些运算
即便用最强的
超级计算机
都解决不了
例如大数字的素因数
的调查
分子和材料学
的设计
或是多城市间最短
路径的调查
为此 我们需要一台
量子计算机
字幕由新南威尔士大学
翻译专业赵丹丹制作
