THERE ARE RESEARCHERS WORKING % TO FIND OUT WHERE COVID-19 CAME
TO FIND OUT WHERE COVID-19 CAME FROM.
FROM. HERE IS RICHARD ENGEL IN %
HERE IS RICHARD ENGEL IN % SINGAPORE WITH THE LIKELY
SINGAPORE WITH THE LIKELY CULPRIT . %
CULPRIT . % >> Reporter: DR. ANDERSON TOOK %
>> Reporter: DR. ANDERSON TOOK % ME TO ANOTHER PART OF THE
ME TO ANOTHER PART OF THE FACILITY TO SHOW ME WHERE THE %
FACILITY TO SHOW ME WHERE THE % VIRUS CAME FROM. %
VIRUS CAME FROM. % OF THAT HERE CAPTURED ONE INTO %
OF THAT HERE CAPTURED ONE INTO % THE CONTAINMENT CAGE SHE SHOWED
THE CONTAINMENT CAGE SHE SHOWED IT TO ME. %
IT TO ME. % >> HOW CONFIDENT ARE YOU THAT %
>> HOW CONFIDENT ARE YOU THAT % THE CORONAVIRUS CAME FROM BATS?
THE CORONAVIRUS CAME FROM BATS? >> PROBABLY 90% CONFIDENT THAT %
>> PROBABLY 90% CONFIDENT THAT % IT CAME FROM BATS. %
IT CAME FROM BATS. % >> THE INITIAL CONTAMINATION %
>> THE INITIAL CONTAMINATION % LIKELY HAPPENED HERE AT A %
LIKELY HAPPENED HERE AT A % FILTHY ANIMAL MARKET IN WUHAN, %
FILTHY ANIMAL MARKET IN WUHAN, % CHINA. %
CHINA. % SOMEONE THERE RICHARD OF THAT %
SOMEONE THERE RICHARD OF THAT % AND CAME INTO CONTACT WITH %
AND CAME INTO CONTACT WITH % BLOOD OR YOUR RENT AND THEN %
BLOOD OR YOUR RENT AND THEN % TOUCH HIS OR HER MOUTH OR NOSE.
TOUCH HIS OR HER MOUTH OR NOSE. >> IN ANSWERING THE QUESTION OF
>> IN ANSWERING THE QUESTION OF WHERE COVID-19 CAME FROM GIVES
WHERE COVID-19 CAME FROM GIVES YOU SOMETHING TO BLAME AND HELP
YOU SOMETHING TO BLAME AND HELP SCIENTISTS ADDRESSES AND OTHER %
SCIENTISTS ADDRESSES AND OTHER % VIRUSES THAT JUMP FROM HUMANS
VIRUSES THAT JUMP FROM HUMANS TO ANIMALS.
TO ANIMALS. THIS HAPPENS TO BE HER %
THIS HAPPENS TO BE HER % SPECIALTY. %
SPECIALTY. % THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE. %
THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE. % LET’S START OFF WITH HOW DO WE %
LET’S START OFF WITH HOW DO WE % KNOW IF IT’S THE BATS FAULT? %
KNOW IF IT’S THE BATS FAULT? % >> IF YOU LOOK AT THE GENETIC %
>> IF YOU LOOK AT THE GENETIC % INFORMATION OF THE VIRUS WHICH %
INFORMATION OF THE VIRUS WHICH % IS WHAT WE DO WHEN WE SEQUENCE,
IS WHAT WE DO WHEN WE SEQUENCE, THE GENETIC INFORMATION, THAT %
THE GENETIC INFORMATION, THAT % IS BASICALLY THE GENOME.
IS BASICALLY THE GENOME. THIS INDICATES WHAT THE %
THIS INDICATES WHAT THE % PROVIDENCES. %
PROVIDENCES. % THE GENETIC INFORMATION IS LIKE
THE GENETIC INFORMATION IS LIKE A BARCODE. ,
A BARCODE. , ,%
,% >> SO THEY’RE ABLE TO LOOK AT %
>> SO THEY’RE ABLE TO LOOK AT % THE VIRUS IN HUMANS AND TRACE %
THE VIRUS IN HUMANS AND TRACE % IT ALL THE WAY BACK AND SAY %
IT ALL THE WAY BACK AND SAY % THIS IS WHERE IT STARTED. %
THIS IS WHERE IT STARTED. % >> THAT IS RIGHT. %
>> THAT IS RIGHT. % IF YOU COMPARE THAT INFORMATION
IF YOU COMPARE THAT INFORMATION IT IS BASICALLY SO SIMILAR THAT
IT IS BASICALLY SO SIMILAR THAT FOR THAT TO HAPPEN RANDOMLY IS
FOR THAT TO HAPPEN RANDOMLY IS PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE. %
PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE. % WE KNOW THE ANCESTOR OF THE %
WE KNOW THE ANCESTOR OF THE % VIRUS IN HUMAN HAD TO BE ABOUT
VIRUS IN HUMAN HAD TO BE ABOUT VIRUS. %
VIRUS. % >> PEOPLE ALWAYS TALK ABOUT
>> PEOPLE ALWAYS TALK ABOUT PATIENT ZERO. %
PATIENT ZERO. % IT’S VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO %
IT’S VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO % DO. %
DO. % WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO FIND OUT
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO FIND OUT WHERE IT ORIGINATED? %
WHERE IT ORIGINATED? % >> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE
>> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE TRANSMISSION, BASICALLY FROM AN
TRANSMISSION, BASICALLY FROM AN ANIMAL TO HUMAN, WHAT YOU OFTEN
ANIMAL TO HUMAN, WHAT YOU OFTEN WANT TO UNDERSTAND IS WHAT ARE %
WANT TO UNDERSTAND IS WHAT ARE % THE CONDITIONS THAT LEADS TO
THE CONDITIONS THAT LEADS TO THAT TRANSMISSION? %
THAT TRANSMISSION? % AND SO KNOWING WHERE THE VIRUS %
AND SO KNOWING WHERE THE VIRUS % COMES FROM IS IMPORTANT FROM A
COMES FROM IS IMPORTANT FROM A EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STANDPOINT. %
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STANDPOINT. % IF THE COMES FROM BATS, COULD %
IF THE COMES FROM BATS, COULD % WE PREVENT SUCH AN EMERGENCE BY
WE PREVENT SUCH AN EMERGENCE BY PREVENTING THE CONTACT OF HUMAN
PREVENTING THE CONTACT OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL OR WILDLIFE IN THIS %
AND ANIMAL OR WILDLIFE IN THIS % CASE. %
CASE. % IT IS SO IMPORTANT TO KNOW %
IT IS SO IMPORTANT TO KNOW % WHERE A VIRUS COMES FROM %
WHERE A VIRUS COMES FROM % >> ONE OF THE QUESTIONS I GET %
>> ONE OF THE QUESTIONS I GET % FROM VIEWERS IS IF THIS WILL %
FROM VIEWERS IS IF THIS WILL % MUTATE AND THEY WILL HAVE TO DO
MUTATE AND THEY WILL HAVE TO DO SOMETHING WITH THE FLU OR COULD
SOMETHING WITH THE FLU OR COULD IT BE EVEN MORE DEADLY? %
IT BE EVEN MORE DEADLY? % >> A VIRUS ALWAYS MUTATES. %
>> A VIRUS ALWAYS MUTATES. % JUST BY NATURE.
JUST BY NATURE. THEY MUTATE QUITE QUICKLY AND %
THEY MUTATE QUITE QUICKLY AND % THAT IS PART OF THEIR
THAT IS PART OF THEIR ADAPTATION TO THEIR NEW HOST. %
ADAPTATION TO THEIR NEW HOST. % IT WILL MUTATE AND IS VERY %
IT WILL MUTATE AND IS VERY % POSSIBLE THAT WILL BE LIKE THE %
POSSIBLE THAT WILL BE LIKE THE % FLU WHERE THE MUTATION WILL %
FLU WHERE THE MUTATION WILL % LEAD TO NEW SURFACE PROTEINS. %
LEAD TO NEW SURFACE PROTEINS. % THAT IS WHAT ARE IMMUNE SYSTEM %
THAT IS WHAT ARE IMMUNE SYSTEM % RECOGNIZES, BASICALLY THE %
RECOGNIZES, BASICALLY THE % PROTEINS ON THE SURFACE OF THE %
PROTEINS ON THE SURFACE OF THE % VIRUS. %
VIRUS. % IT IS POSSIBLE THAT CORONAVIRUS
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT CORONAVIRUS WILL BE LIKE THE FLU WHERE %
WILL BE LIKE THE FLU WHERE % ALTHOUGH NOW WE ARE ALL %
ALTHOUGH NOW WE ARE ALL % SUSCEPTIBLE AND WE WILL %
SUSCEPTIBLE AND WE WILL % EVENTUALLY, WE SUSPECT MAYBE %
EVENTUALLY, WE SUSPECT MAYBE % 80% OF US WILL CATCH IT, WE %
80% OF US WILL CATCH IT, WE % WILL HAVE SOME RESISTANCE AGAIN
WILL HAVE SOME RESISTANCE AGAIN WITH THAT PERSON OF THE VIRUS. %
WITH THAT PERSON OF THE VIRUS. % IT IS POSSIBLE IT BECOMES A %
IT IS POSSIBLE IT BECOMES A % SEASONAL CORONAVIRUS LIKE WE %
SEASONAL CORONAVIRUS LIKE WE % SEE IN THE HUMAN POPULATION. %
SEE IN THE HUMAN POPULATION. % WE HAVE HUMAN CORONAVIRUS THE %
WE HAVE HUMAN CORONAVIRUS THE % COMES BACK EVERY YEAR. %
COMES BACK EVERY YEAR. % IT COULD BE THAT SARS KOFI %
IT COULD BE THAT SARS KOFI % COULD BECOME AN EPIDEMIC. %
COULD BECOME AN EPIDEMIC. % THE VACCINE WOULD HAVE TO BE %
THE VACCINE WOULD HAVE TO BE % UPDATED EVERY YEAR JUST LIKE %
UPDATED EVERY YEAR JUST LIKE % THE FLU. %
THE FLU. % >> UP UNTIL A COUPLE WEEKS AGO %
>> UP UNTIL A COUPLE WEEKS AGO % IT WAS CALLED NOVEL %
IT WAS CALLED NOVEL % CORONAVIRUS. %
CORONAVIRUS. % WE DON’T HAVE MUCH PROTECTION %
WE DON’T HAVE MUCH PROTECTION % AGAINST IT. %
AGAINST IT. % IT MIGHT BUILD UP OVER TIME.
IT MIGHT BUILD UP OVER TIME. >> CORRECT. %
>> CORRECT. % THAT IS WHAT HAPPENS WITH THE %
THAT IS WHAT HAPPENS WITH THE % FLU. %
FLU. % ALL SEASONAL FLU THAT WE SEE %
ALL SEASONAL FLU THAT WE SEE % TODAY WERE PANDEMICS DECADES %
TODAY WERE PANDEMICS DECADES % AGO. %
AGO. % THE 1918 FLU THAT WE TALKED %
THE 1918 FLU THAT WE TALKED % ABOUT AS THE WORST PANDEMIC WE %
ABOUT AS THE WORST PANDEMIC WE % HAVE SEEN IN OUR HISTORY IS %
HAVE SEEN IN OUR HISTORY IS % ACTUALLY NOW A SEASONAL FLU. %
ACTUALLY NOW A SEASONAL FLU. % IT BECAME A SEASONAL FLU UNTIL %
