The first steps in what President Donald Trump hopes will be a new era in border security began Tuesday when construction crews broke ground on prototype designs for a border wall, starting a 30-day sprint to construct eight examples in a fenced-off area on Otay Mesa.

Amid heavy security from state, local and federal agents wary of potential large-scale protests against the controversial project that have not materialized, four of the six private companies that won a national competition to build the designs began work in the morning.

San Diego police officers and county sheriff’s deputies were out in force at intersections and along streets near the entrance to the construction site. Customs and Border Protection officers, Border Patrol agents, the Federal Protection Service and California Highway Patrol were also seen in the area.

Occasionally a flatbed truck with a piece of heavy machinery lumbered down Enrico Fermi Road, swung east and crept slowly down one of the dirt roads that stitch the mesa to the building site. But work at the site on the first day was slow, with only a few trucks and workers there.


Water tankers went in and out of the entrance to the building site, where work was already underway kicking up dust clouds, even with water dousing the dry and dusty location.

Authorities have been preparing the area for weeks, erecting chain-link fences, blocking road access with concrete barriers, installing security cameras and marking designated parking zones. Despite the preparations, authorities would not say when work would be starting, until now.

Despite the concerns of police there were no protests or demonstrators Tuesday. Agent Roy Villareal, the acting chief agent for the Border Patrol in San Diego, said at an afternoon news conference that protests don’t seem imminent.

“There is nothing that is indicative that a protest is about to occur,” he said. He added that the agency has spoken with local groups that “we anticipate may have an opposing view of the border wall,” and didn’t get any feedback that protests were planned.


That echoes what a spokesman for the advocacy groups Alliance San Diego told The San Diego Union-Tribune Monday. Hiram Soto said his organization and others were not mounting a protest because that wall was “political theater” that had no chance of ever being fully built out, as Trump has promised, because of Congressional opposition and no funding.

Villareal said a free speech area for any protests that may occur would be set up nearby, but the exact location was not confirmed by sheriff’s officials. The location identified by federal officials Tuesday is a dusty, unshaded, weed-choked lot overlooking Otay Mesa and more than 1.5 miles away from construction.

The potential for demonstrations also prompted the county Board of Supervisors Tuesday to pass an ordinance to give the county the power to create special zones where knives, sticks, bats, pepper spray, bricks, and other possible weapons are temporarily prohibited.

The ordinance, which takes effect immediately, allows the county’s chief administrative officer or designee to create “Temporary Area Restrictions” in unincorporated areas of the county where items that could be used as weapons are prohibited. Violators could be charged with a misdemeanor.


The ordinance is intended to protect First Amendment rights while keeping people safe, Supervisor Greg Cox said.

“I think our role is to make sure we provide an area where they can demonstrate if they choose,” he said. “Obviously we want to make sure it’s a peaceful demonstration.”

The law is necessary in the often tense political climate, Supervisor Dianne Jacob said.

“This is a divisive time in our nation’s history. And frankly, we already have a border fence in San Diego so I am not sure why we were targeted to do the prototypes here in San Diego. I think Texas would have been more appropriate, but it is what it is today,” Jacob said.


The city of San Diego has a similar ordinance, and the American Civil Liberties Union said it’s lawful for governments to, in certain circumstances, restrict the size or type of sign displayed if the ability to wave a sign isn’t restricted.

ACLU’s San Diego chapter said on its website that “a city may prohibit the use of metal stakes, clubs, and pipes at rallies, parades, or demonstrations, and it may require that any wooden stakes used for signs must be ¼ inch or less in thickness and 2 inches or less in width. But a city may not entirely prohibit the carrying of signs attached to any wooden or plastic handles.”

Four of the prototypes will be made of concrete while the other four will be made of alternate materials. All of the models will be between 18 to 30 feet high and 30 feet long.


The construction site is about 1.5 miles east of Enrico Fermi Drive on open land that is a mixture of public and private ownership. It is several miles east of the Otay Mesa Port of Entry in a spot where the existing mesh secondary fence ends and a single barrier continues into the desert.

1 / 27 An excavator dug a foundation on one of the competition plots as seen through an opening in the old primary fence. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 2 / 27 An aerial view looking to the west of the construction site and the neighborhood just to the south. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 3 / 27 View looking west from a hill to the east of the construction site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 4 / 27 An aerial view looking down at the project from south of the border fence. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 5 / 27 A grader worked at the competition site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 6 / 27 An aerial view looking northeast at the construction site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 7 / 27 Six San Diego County Sheriff’s patrol vehicles come out tot he construction site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 8 / 27 Six San Diego County Sheriff’s patrol vehicles come out tot he construction site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 9 / 27 View looking west from a hill to the east of the construction site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 10 / 27 View looking west from a hill to the east of the construction site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 11 / 27 View looking west from a hill to the east of the construction site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 12 / 27 A grader worked at the competition site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 13 / 27 A look back to the west from the construction site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 14 / 27 An excavator dug a foundation on one of the competition plots. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 15 / 27 One group of competitors worked at their site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 16 / 27 Mexican Federal Police were on the scene just south of the area where the construction was going on. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 17 / 27 Mexican Federal Police were on the scene just south of the area where the construction was going on. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 18 / 27 An excavator moved dirt from one of the competitors site. (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 19 / 27 A Federal Protection Police unit rolled through the construction site (John Gibbins / San Diego Union-Tribune) 20 / 27 Using horses to check the area, Border Patrol checks the area not far from where the prototype border walls will be constructed along the U.S. Mexico border. (Nelvin C. Cepeda / San Diego Union-Tribune) 21 / 27 Using horses to check the area, Border Patrol checks the area not far from where the prototype border walls will be constructed along the U.S. Mexico border. (Nelvin C. Cepeda / San Diego Union-Tribune) 22 / 27 Added law enforcement presence at the corner of Enrico Fermi Drive and Via De La Amistad for the construction entrance where the prototype border walls will be constructed. (Nelvin C. Cepeda / San Diego Union-Tribune) 23 / 27 Heavy construction equipment haul in water then leave to refill just outside the entrance (road way below the over pass) on the corner of Enrico Fermi Drive and Via De La Amistad that leads to where the prototype border walls will be constructed along the U.S. Mexico border. (Nelvin C. Cepeda / San Diego Union-Tribune) 24 / 27 Added law enforcement presence at the corner of Enrico Fermi Drive and Via De La Amistad for the construction entrance where the prototype border walls will be constructed. (Nelvin C. Cepeda / San Diego Union-Tribune) 25 / 27 At the corner of Enrico Fermi Drive and Via De La Amistad everyone entering the border wall construction for the prototype walls is checked before entering. (Nelvin C. Cepeda / San Diego Union-Tribune) 26 / 27 Heavy construction equipment is trailered in at the entrance on the corner of Enrico Fermi Drive and Via De La Amistad that leads to where the prototype border walls will be constructed along the U.S. Mexico border. (Nelvin C. Cepeda / San Diego Union-Tribune) 27 / 27 Looking southeast towards the construction site of where the prototype border walls will be constructed. (Nelvin C. Cepeda / San Diego Union-Tribune)

The contractors for the concrete prototypes are: Caddell Construction Co., Montgomery, Ala.; Fisher Sand & Gravel Co., Tempe, Ariz.; Texas Sterling Construction Co., Houston, Texas; and W. G. Yates & Sons Construction Company, Philadelphia, Miss.

Both Caddell and W.G. Yates are also constructing walls made of “other materials,” alongside KWR Construction, Inc., Sierra Vista, Ariz., and ELTA North America Inc., Annapolis Junction, Md.


Their bids ranged between $300,000 to $500,000.

Once completed, CBP will select a winning design. The project is underway despite the lack of congressional funding for President Donald Trump’s promised wall, which would be constructed along portions of the U.S.-Mexico border.

Staff writer Joshua Stewart contributed to this story.


kristina.davis@sduniontribune.com


Twitter: @kristinadavis