DESCRIPTION

The rpcgen utility is a tool that generates C code to implement an RPC protocol. The input to rpcgen is a language similar to C known as RPC Language (Remote Procedure Call Language).

The rpcgen utility is normally used as in the first synopsis where it takes an input file and generates three output files. If the infile is named proto.x, then rpcgen generates a header in proto.h, XDR routines in proto_xdr.c, server-side stubs in proto_svc.c, and client-side stubs in proto_clnt.c. With
the -T option, it also generates the RPC dispatch table in proto_tbl.i.

rpcgen can also generate sample client and server files that can be customized to suit a particular application. The -Sc, -Ss, and -Sm options generate sample client, server and makefile, respectively. The -a option generates all files, including sample files. If the infile is proto.x, then the client side sample file is written to proto_client.c, the server side sample file
to proto_server.c and the sample makefile to makefile.proto.

The server created can be started both by the port monitors (for example, inetd or listen) or by itself. When it is started by a port monitor, it creates servers only for the transport for which the file descriptor 0 was passed. The name of the transport must be specified by setting up the environment variable PM_TRANSPORT. When the server generated by rpcgen is executed, it creates server handles
for all the transports specified in the NETPATH environment variable, or if it is unset, it creates server handles for all the visible transports from the /etc/netconfig file. Note: the transports are chosen at run time and not at compile time. When the server is self-started, it backgrounds itself by default. A special define symbol RPC_SVC_FG can be used to run the server process in foreground.

The second synopsis provides special features which allow for the creation of more sophisticated RPC servers. These features include support for user-provided #defines and RPC dispatch tables. The entries in the RPC dispatch table contain:

•
pointers to the service routine corresponding to that procedure

•
a pointer to the input and output arguments

•
the size of these routines

A server can use the dispatch table to check authorization and then to execute the service routine. A client library may use the dispatch table to deal with the details of storage management and XDR data conversion.

The other three synopses shown above are used when one does not want to generate all the output files, but only a particular one. See the EXAMPLES section below for examples of rpcgen usage. When rpcgen is executed with the -s option, it creates servers for that particular class of transports. When executed with the -n option, it creates a server for the transport specified by netid. If infile is not specified, rpcgen accepts the standard input.

All the options mentioned in the second synopsis can be used with the other three synopses, but the changes will be made only to the specified output file.

The C preprocessor cc -E is run on the input file before it is actually interpreted by rpcgen. For each type of output file, rpcgen defines a special preprocessor symbol for use by the rpcgen programmer:

RPC_HDR
defined when compiling into headers

RPC_XDR
defined when compiling into XDR routines

RPC_SVC
defined when compiling into server-side stubs

RPC_CLNT
defined when compiling into client-side stubs

RPC_TBL
defined when compiling into RPC dispatch tables

Any line beginning with ``%'' is passed directly into the output file, uninterpreted by rpcgen, except that the leading ``%" is stripped off. To specify the path name of the C preprocessor, use the -Y flag.

For every data type referred to in infile, rpcgen assumes that there exists a routine with the string xdr_ prepended to the name of the data type. If this routine does not exist in the RPC/XDR library, it must be provided. Providing an undefined data type allows customization of XDR routines.

OPTIONS

The following options are supported:

-a
Generates all files, including sample files.

-A
Enables the Automatic MT mode in the server main program. In this mode, the RPC library automatically creates threads to service client requests. This option generates multithread-safe stubs by implicitly turning on the -M option. Server multithreading modes and parameters can be set using the rpc_control(3NSL) call. rpcgen generated code does not change the default values for the Automatic MT mode.

-C
Generates header and stub files which can be used with ANSI C compilers. Headers generated with this flag can also be used with C++ programs.

-Dname[=value]
Defines a symbol name. Equivalent to the #define directive in the source. If no value is given, value is defined as 1. This option may be specified more than once.

-h
Compiles into C data-definitions (a header). The -T option can be used in conjunction to produce a header which supports RPC dispatch tables.

-isize
Size at which to start generating inline code. This option is useful for optimization. The default size is 5.

-I
Compiles support for inetd(1M) in the server side stubs. Such servers can be self-started or can be started by inetd. When the server is self-started, it backgrounds itself by default. A special define symbol RPC_SVC_FG can be used to run the server process in
foreground, or the user may simply compile without the -I option.

If there are no pending client requests, the inetd servers exit after 120 seconds (default). The default can be changed with the -K option. All of the error messages for inetd servers are always logged with syslog(3C).

Note: This option is supported for backward compatibility only. It should always be used in conjunction with the -b option which generates backward compatibility code. By default (that is, when -b is not specified), rpcgen generates servers that can be invoked through portmonitors.

-Kseconds
By default, services created using rpcgen and invoked through port monitors wait 120 seconds after servicing a request before exiting. That interval can be changed using the -K flag. To create a server that exits immediately upon servicing a request, use -K0. To create a server that never exits, the appropriate argument is -K-1.

When monitoring for a server, some portmonitors, like listen(1M), always spawn a new process in response to a service request. If it is known that a server will be used with such a monitor, the server should exit immediately on completion. For such servers, rpcgen should be used with -K0.

-l
Compiles into client-side stubs.

-L
When the servers are started in foreground, uses syslog(3C) to log the server errors instead of printing them on the standard error.

-m
Compiles into server-side stubs, but do not generate a "main" routine. This option is useful for doing callback-routines and for users who need to write their own "main" routine to do initialization.

-M
Generates multithread-safe stubs for passing arguments and results between rpcgen-generated code and user written code. This option is useful for users who want to use threads in their code.

-N
This option allows procedures to have multiple arguments. It also uses the style of parameter passing that closely resembles C. So, when passing an argument to a remote procedure, you do not have to pass a pointer to the argument, but can pass the argument itself. This behavior is different from the old style of rpcgen-generated code. To maintain backward compatibility, this option is not the default.

-nnetid
Compiles into server-side stubs for the transport specified by netid. There should be an entry for netid in the netconfig database. This option may be specified more than once, so as to compile a server that serves multiple transports.

-ooutfile
Specifies the name of the output file. If none is specified, standard output is used (-c, -h, -l, -m, -n, -s, -Sc, -Sm, -Ss, and -t modes only).

-snettype
Compiles into server-side stubs for all the transports belonging to the class nettype. The supported classes are netpath, visible, circuit_n, circuit_v, datagram_n, datagram_v, tcp, and udp (see rpc(3NSL) for the meanings associated with these classes). This option may be specified more than once. Note: The transports are chosen at run time and not at compile time.

-Sc
Generates sample client code that uses remote procedure calls.

-Sm
Generates a sample Makefile which can be used for compiling the application.

-Ss
Generates sample server code that uses remote procedure calls.

-t
Compiles into RPC dispatch table.

-T
Generates the code to support RPC dispatch tables.

The options -c, -h, -l, -m, -s, -Sc, -Sm, -Ss, and -t are used exclusively to generate a particular type of file, while the options -D and -T are global and can be used with the other options.

-v
Displays the version number.

-Ypathname
Gives the name of the directory where rpcgen will start looking for the C preprocessor.

OPERANDS

The following operand is supported:

infile
input file

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Generating the output files and dispatch table

The following entry

example% rpcgen -T prot.x

generates all the five files: prot.h, prot_clnt.c, prot_svc.c, prot_xdr.c, and prot_tbl.i.

Example 2: Sending headers to standard output

The following example sends the C data-definitions (header) to the standard output:

example% rpcgen -h prot.x

Example 3: Sending a test version

To send the test version of the -DTEST, server side stubs for all the transport belonging to the class datagram_n to standard output, use:

example% rpcgen -s datagram_n -DTEST prot.x

Example 4: Creating server side stubs

To create the server side stubs for the transport indicated by netidtcp, use: