Nicolas De Nicolayis a Geographer and Traveller. He was born in La Grave (Haute-Alpes) of France in 1517. For 16 years he carried out many voyages to most of the nations of West Europe and he also visited the countries of the Ottoman East. His account about Thessalonike is quite revealing. Thessalonike is inhabited by Greeks, Jews and Turks.

His account:

[…] The main city [of Macedonia] is Thessalonike which is called popularly as Salonique. Saint Paul who was an apostole of Jesus Christ, addressed to the population of the city, many beautiful and holy letters. This city, which even today, is very famous and rich, is inhabited by 3 strong Ethnicities, of different religion, the Christian Greeks, Jews and the Turks. But the number of Jews who are all of them very rich merchants is the greatest. Jews preserve in this city 80 synagoges.

The cover of their heads [See Figure1 below] consists of a Tulban in the colour of yolk. That, of the Christian Greeks is blue and the one of the Turks is clear white. Finall, thanks to the difference between the colours they distinguish between eachother. As far as their robes, they are all long, just like all the other inhabitants of the East […]