Think of an aquatic habitat as far away from the deep-sea as you can get without coming up on land, and we will find a connection to the deep-sea. River rock = settlement substrate. Kelp forest = urchin food. Beaches = spawning grounds for tuna food. Mangroves = seafood … food. Bumper stickers in the Carolinas say it best – “no wetlands, no seafood.”

Climate oscillations, even small ones like the Madden Julian Oscillation, can have a deep impact on the oceans, down to a mile deep. The Telegraph UK calls one newly revealed oceanographic mechanism a “freak” ocean wave because it travels underwater, with little or no surface expression. This was such a good spin I had to promote this to main title.