Sri Lanka has appointed a general accused of human rights abuses during the country’s 26-year-long civil war as the head of the country’s army.

Major General Shavendra Silva, who was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant general, was in charge of the army division which encircled the final stronghold of the Tamil Tiger rebels in the final phases of the brutal civil war.

Thousands of civilians were killed as the conflict came to an end, including in areas declared by the government to be “no fire zones” that came under sustained army shelling.

A United Nations panel has accused Lt Gen Silva’s 58th Division of shooting unarmed rebels in the final week of the war, which ended in 2009, as well as systematic torture of people in custody.

The division has also been accused of bombing a hospital and a UN hub. Lt Gen Silva, who joined the army in 1984 and was its chief of staff from January, has denied the accusations.

Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Show all 15 1 /15 Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Sahira 34, her husband Ahm 38 and their 4 children at the foot of their plot. Their two room home is not big enough to raise a family. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Sahira 34, resident of Muththunagar resorts to to collecting mussels for 12 hours a day which she sells on the market for £2.50 which barely feeds her family of six. The work is exhausting and dangerous. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis One of many buildings destroyed in Muttur during Sri Lanka’s 26 year civil war. Typically doors, windows and roofs were removed by soldiers on both sides to construct bunkers. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Sajeeda 23, single mother of two left to raise her children after her husband divorced her to re-marry in a neighbouring town whilst he was looking for work. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Nasmeeya 6, plays on their plot of land which is covered in blend of sand and burnt rice husks which make it black in appearance but helps the nutrients in the soil for growing vegetables. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Abdul Cadar 67, a recipient of a new home under the Muslim Aids ‘Housing scheme’ after he became to ill to work and provide any income from his family. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Hairunisa’s family living in Kulumeemakada are all beneficiaries of the Muslim Aid ‘Livelihoods’ programme designed to provide economic empowerment to rebuild their lives. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Farshana 46, works the tides collecting mussels to provide for her family. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Rafeek 55, is too tired to hold a conversation with me. He suffers from a deteriorating medical condition which he cannot afford to treat. Rafeek and his family had not eaten for 3 days. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Hairunisa 35, a widower, enrolled in the Muslim Aid Livelihoods programme now supports her mother and her children working from home buying fabric and making garments for local villagers in Kulumeemakada. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Hairunisa 35, working from home on her newly purchased industrial sewing machine making garments which she sells and carrys out alterations. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Amir Khan 80, living alone whilst his wife receives treatment and remains in hospital. He grows his own vegetables on his plot and has a few chickens which yields enough for him to live off. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Asmya 13, lives with her family in Shafi Nagar, Muttur. Her and the rest of her family have not eaten for 3 days as they have no money to buy food. They wait patiently for handouts from villagers. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Abdul 50, The 'Tailor of Mutur’. Wanted to provide a better education for his children so he received a micro finance loan to buy an industrial sewing machine and some fabric. With his loan repaid in full he has now increased his monthly income from £75 to £225. As his business expands he looks to create 6 new jobs. Paddy Dowling Sri Lanka’s humanitarian crisis Younis 56, a widower lives alone as her home was too small to accommodate her children and their families. She sells watermelon for 12 hours a day by the roadside in the relentless sun to earn herself £2 p/day. She dreams of having her own business wholesaling fabric. Pictures by Paddy Dowling

“President Sirisena’s appointment of Lieutenant General Shavendra Silva as Sri Lanka’s Army Commander makes a mockery of accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity during the armed conflict,” Thyagi Ruwanpathirana, Amnesty International’s Sri Lanka regional researcher, said.

“Sri Lanka committed to deliver justice for war time human rights violations as recently as March 2019 – but it appears the government of Sri Lanka wants instead to go backwards by rewarding those responsible without an effective and impartial inquiry into the allegations.

“It sends a terrible message to the victims. Affected persons already disillusioned by the slow, limited reconciliation work will lose even more faith in the government’s commitments.”

Michelle Bachelet, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said: “I am deeply troubled by the appointment of Lieutenant-General Shavendra Silva as Commander of the Sri Lankan Army, despite the serious allegations of gross violations of international human rights and humanitarian law against him and his troops during the war.”

She said his promotion “severely compromises Sri Lanka’s commitment to promote justice and accountability”.

The United States also expressed its disapproval of the appointment in a strongly-worded statement.

“The allegations of gross human rights violations against him, documented by the United Nations and other organisations, are serious and credible,” the US Embassy in Colombo said in a statement.

“This appointment undermines Sri Lanka’s international reputation and its commitments to promote justice and accountability, especially at a time when the need for reconciliation and social unity is paramount.”

On Tuesday, Sri Lanka hit back at foreign criticism, saying the decision was a sovereign one made by Maithripala Sirisena, the country’s president.

“Foreign entities trying to influence the decisions and internal administrative processes of public service promotions in Sri Lanka is unwarranted and unacceptable,” it said.

“Articulating a position of concern on this appointment by certain bilateral partners and international organisations, based on allegations, is regrettable and contrary to the principles of natural justice espoused by all responsible members of the international community.”

According to an investigation conducted by the UN office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in 2015, towards the end of the war Lt Gen Silva was tasked with capturing the Putumattalan area from the Tamil Tigers.

The investigation found evidence that both a hospital and a UN hub were shelled.

It also cited witnesses saying cluster-type munitions were used by the Sri Lankan armed forces in their attacks on Putumattalan hospital and the UN hub.

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The division was also accused of summarily executing several Tamil Tiger leaders as they attempted to surrender. Several witnesses told the investigation they saw the unarmed leaders appear in civilian clothing carrying a stick with a white cloth as they surrendered to security forces, before later seeing their dead bodies nearby.

The country’s defence ministry later announced they had been killed in the fighting and the Sri Lankan government formally announced its victory on the same day.

The government promised the UN Human Rights Council in 2015 that it would investigate the allegations and involve foreign prosecutors and judges, but nothing has been done so far.

Both the Sri Lankan military and the rebels have been accused of war abuses.