FIFA's anti-discrimination advisers are warning gay soccer fans going to the 2018 World Cup in Russia that displays of affection could be met with an aggressive response from intolerant locals.

Key points: Gay fans going to the Russia World Cup are warned of an aggressive response from intolerant locals

Gay fans going to the Russia World Cup are warned of an aggressive response from intolerant locals Guide being produced to prepare gay fans of possible threats

Guide being produced to prepare gay fans of possible threats Russian authorities reassure FIFA that everyone will feel safe and welcome

Homosexuality was decriminalised in Russia in 1993, but anti-gay sentiment remains strong and intensified after a law was introduced in 2013 prohibiting dissemination to minors of "propaganda" legitimising homosexuality.

The World Cup draw takes place on Friday, and the FARE network said it would produce a guide spelling out the threats to be prepared for in Russia.

"The guide will advise gay people to be cautious in any place which is not seen to be welcoming to the LGBT community," FARE executive director Piara Powar said.

"If you have gay fans walking down the street holding hands, will they face danger in doing so? That depends on which city they are in and the time of day.

"The guide will also include some detailed explanations of, for example, the actual situation of the LGBT community in Russia. It is not a crime to be gay but there is a law against the promotion of homosexuality to minors.

"Issues relating to the LGBT community are not part of the public discourse. Gay people have a place in Russia which is quite hidden and underground."

FARE, which monitors FIFA fixtures for discriminatory behaviour, said it was unclear whether fans would be allowed to display rainbow flags inside stadiums.

"British and German fans' groups have asked FIFA if they are OK to raise a rainbow flag inside the stadium," Mr Powar said.

"FIFA has not really responded so far to say if this is something the security services will allow."

Concerns for ethnic minorities, African fans

FIFA has been given assurances from Russian authorities that everyone will be safe and welcome during the World Cup. ( Reuters: Sergei Karpukhin )

FIFA diversity head, Federico Addiechi, said he had seen no written request from fan groups on whether gay pride flags could be unfurled.

"There's nothing in the regulation from FIFA that prevents anyone from entering the stadiums with non-political messages," Mr Addiechi said.

FARE has also had long-standing concerns about the reception black and ethnic minority fans would face around games in Russia.

"Do go to the World Cup, but be cautious," Mr Powar said.

"There are two elements to it — one towards people of colour and other element is far-right nationalism. Far-right extremist groups have had around 300 people banned from attending the World Cup.

"After years of denial about racism, the Russian FA finally taking action, the group under Alexei Smertin has been addressing the issue and fines have been issued."

Mr Smertin is a former Russian footballer who was appointed as the Russian Football Union's anti-racism inspector earlier this year.

Research by FARE and Russia-based SOVA showed there were 89 racist and far-right incidents at Russian games in the 2016/17 season, slightly below the two previous seasons.

In October this year, Russian champion Spartak Moscow was punished by UEFA for monkey chants in a recent Youth League game against Liverpool.

Spartak was also fined for discriminatory chants against fans from Russia's North Caucasus in a domestic cup game last month.

Anti-discrimination observers will be deployed at the June 14-July 15 World Cup where matches can be stopped or abandoned if racism persists after warnings inside stadiums.

"The World Cup must be inclusive, respect human rights, must respect the rights of everyone including minorities," Mr Addiechi said.

"We have the assurance from the Russian organising committee and the Russian authorities that everyone will feel safe, comfortable and welcome in the country."

AP