Syria: Region steps up pressure on Assad regime
Amateur video purports to show tanks moving through the city of Deir al-Zour
Syria's neighbours are increasing diplomatic pressure on the country as the regime continues a violent crackdown on anti-government protests.
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain have all recalled their ambassadors while Jordan has called for dialogue.
Saudi King Abdullah has called on Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to urgently implement real reforms.
Government tanks have been pounding the eastern city of Deir al-Zour for a second day.
At least 50 people died on Sunday after the army launched a pre-dawn assault.
Activists said that as in recent days, many people had been afraid to leave their homes or take injured people to hospital for fear of being attacked.
Syrian state TV has reported that Mr Assad has appointed a new minister of defence, former army chief of staff Gen Dawoud Rajha. He replaces Gen Ali Habib, said the report.
Sana has also said troops are withdrawing from the city of Hama, which has come under heavy attack in recent days - witnesses say scores of people have died there.
Access to Syria has been severely restricted for international journalists and it is rarely possible to verify accounts by witnesses and activists.
Human rights activists say at least 1,700 civilians have been killed and tens of thousands arrested since the uprising began in mid-March. More than 300 people are believed to have died in the past week alone.
'Depths of chaos'
King Abdullah has said that events in Syria were "unacceptable" for his country, and that Damascus had to choose between "wisdom" or being "pulled down into the depths of chaos and loss".
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He called for "an end to the killing machine and bloodshed" and urged "acts of wisdom".
"Syria should think wisely before it is too late and issue and enact reforms that are not merely promises but actual reforms."
The BBC's Jim Muir in Beirut says that by Arab diplomatic standards, it was a highly dramatic intervention by the Saudi monarch, one of the most influential powers in the region.
King Abdullah said he had recalled his ambassador from Damascus for consultation.
That move was followed by Kuwait and then Bahrain.
Bahrain's Foreign Minister Sheikh Khaled bin Ahmad al-Khalifa called for "a resort to reason".
In Kuwait, Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammad al-Sabah said the military action must end and that "no-one can accept the bloodshed".
Continue reading the main story Analysis Syria has yet to respond directly to the moves from its neighbours. But it has reacted to an earlier critical statement from the Gulf Co-operation Council. Damascus said their position ignored the killings and destruction wrought by what it calls "armed terrorist gangs" in Syria and also ignored the reform process launched by the Syrian regime, for which it says it needs more time. As far as the Gulf states - and many other outside powers - are concerned, the time has run out. Next on the list of those applying pressure is likely to be Turkey, whose foreign minister is expected in Damascus on Tuesday. Prime Minister Erdogan has said he will be carrying a tough message. But Damascus has already said he will be given an even tougher one to carry home.
Mr Sabah said the foreign ministers of Gulf states would meet soon to discuss the situation.
Jordan stopped short of condemning the violence, but Prime Minister Nasser Judeh described the situation as "worrisome, unfortunate and sad".
"We hope that dialogue is restored and reforms are achieved in order to get Syria out of this impasse," he said in a televised statement.
The 22-member Arab League issued its first statement on Syria on Sunday, saying it was "alarmed" and called for an end to the violence.
On Monday the League's head, Nabil al-Arabi, said he hoped the crisis could be overcome "by peaceful means and by launching a serious dialogue towards the reconciliation that the people have been demanding".
"When people take to the streets and seek change, presidents and governments must reach that solution through dialogue without making use of violence or force," he told reporters.
But he said "drastic measures" should not be expected, and stressed that the League would not take action itself.
Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu is due in Damascus on Tuesday with what Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said would be a tough message for Mr Assad.
Meanwhile the top Sunni Muslim authority, Cairo-based al-Azhar, said the situation in Syria had "gone too far".
"There is no other solution but to put an end to this Arab and Islamic tragedy," said the grand imam of al-Azhar, Sheikh Ahmed al-Tayeb.
Damascus says it is tackling "armed terrorist gangs" and that its critics have ignored its promises of political reform.
Also on Monday, internet hacking group Anonymous claimed to have taken down the website of Syria's ministry of defence.
The website was later inaccessible but an alleged screengrab circulating on Twitter told Syrians: "The world stands with you against the brutal regime."
Hospitals closed
The assault on Deir al-Zour, about 450km (280 miles) east of Damascus, continued on Monday, with scores of tanks and armoured personnel carriers moving into several parts of the city.
State media said local leaders had called on the army to "protect the citizens and preserve public and private property".
But Mohammed, a resident, told the Reuters news agency that armoured vehicles were shelling the al-Hawiqa and al-Joura districts hard, and that thousands of residents had fled.
"Private hospitals are closed and people are afraid to send the wounded to state facilities because they are infested with secret police," added the resident.
One activist told the AFP news agency: "The army opened fire with heavy machine-guns on al-Joura. Security forces then launched a search sweep, terrorising residents."
The London-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights cited residents as saying security forces shot dead a mother and her two children as they tried to escape al-Hawiqa by car.
Troops armed with heavy weapons and backed by tanks also stormed the restive town of Maarat al-Numan, in the northern province of Idlib, at dawn on Monday, the Local Co-ordination Committees said.
"Forces entered the city from its eastern side and they are preventing residents from entering or leaving the city."
In many other parts of the country, protesters staged impromptu overnight rallies against the regime.
Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Kuwait all recalled their ambassadors to Syria Monday over concerns about the crackdown on protestors by the Syrian government.

King  announced the decision to recall the country's Syrian ambassador in a statement read on state television, saying that "the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia demands the stoppage of the killing machine and bloodshed, and the use of reason before it is too late".

Foreign Minister  of Bahrain said that Syria should "resort to reason" and Kuwaiti Foreign Minister  called for an end to military action, saying that "no-one can accept the bloodshed." al-Sabah also said that officials from several countries in the region plan to meet in the near future to discuss Syria.

In addition to the recall of the ambassadors, diplomatic pressure increased on Syria from other fronts, with Prime Minister  of Jordan making a televised request for talks between the protestors and government, and the  issuing its first statement about the situation in Syria on Sunday, saying it is "alarmed" by events.


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