The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015
Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar Share this:
Press Release
7 October 2015
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2015 to
Tomas Lindahl
Francis Crick Institute and Clare Hall Laboratory, Hertfordshire, UK
Paul Modrich
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
and
Aziz Sancar
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
“for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"
The cells’ toolbox for DNA repair
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 is awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar for having mapped, at a molecular level, how cells repair damaged DNA and safeguard the genetic information. Their work has provided fundamental knowledge of how a living cell functions and is, for instance, used for the development of new cancer treatments.
Each day our DNA is damaged by UV radiation, free radicals and other carcinogenic substances, but even without such external attacks, a DNA molecule is inherently unstable. Thousands of spontaneous changes to a cell’s genome occur on a daily basis. Furthermore, defects can also arise when DNA is copied during cell division, a process that occurs several million times every day in the human body.
The reason our genetic material does not disintegrate into complete chemical chaos is that a host of molecular systems continuously monitor and repair DNA. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 awards three pioneering scientists who have mapped how several of these repair systems function at a detailed molecular level.
In the early 1970s, scientists believed that DNA was an extremely stable molecule, but Tomas Lindahl demonstrated that DNA decays at a rate that ought to have made the development of life on Earth impossible. This insight led him to discover a molecular machinery, base excision repair, which constantly counteracts the collapse of our DNA.
Aziz Sancar has mapped nucleotide excision repair, the mechanism that cells use to repair UV damage to DNA. People born with defects in this repair system will develop skin cancer if they are exposed to sunlight. The cell also utilises nucleotide excision repair to correct defects caused by mutagenic substances, among other things.
Paul Modrich has demonstrated how the cell corrects errors that occur when DNA is replicated during cell division. This mechanism, mismatch repair, reduces the error frequency during DNA replication by about a thousandfold. Congenital defects in mismatch repair are known, for example, to cause a hereditary variant of colon cancer.
The Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2015 have provided fundamental insights into how cells function, knowledge that can be used, for instance, in the development of new cancer treatments.
Read more about this year's prize Popular Information
Pdf 482 kB Scientific Background
Pdf 522 Kb To read the text you need Acrobat Reader
Illustration - DNA Structure (pdf 650 kB)
Illustration - Base excision repair (pdf 495 kB)
Illustration - Mismatch repair (pdf 1,5 Mb)
Illustration - Nucleotide exception repair (pdf 537 kB)
Tomas Lindahl, Swedish citizen. Born 1938 in Stockholm, Sweden. Ph.D. 1967 from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Professor of Medical and Physiological Chemistry at University of Gothenburg 1978–82. Emeritus group leader at Francis Crick Institute and Emeritus director of Cancer Research UK at Clare Hall Laboratory, Hertfordshire, UK.
http://crick.ac.uk/research/a-z-researchers/emeritus-scientists/tomas-lindahl/
Paul Modrich, U.S. citizen. Born 1946. Ph.D. 1973 from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Investigator at Howard Hughes Medical Institute and James B. Duke Professor of Biochemistry at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
http://www.biochem.duke.edu/paul-l-modrich-primary
Aziz Sancar, U.S. and Turkish citizen. Born 1946 in Savur, Turkey. Ph.D. 1977 from University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA. Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
http://www.med.unc.edu/biochem/people/faculty/primary/asancar
Prize amount: 8 million Swedish krona, to be shared equally between the laureates.
Further information: http://kva.se and http://nobelprize.org
Contacts: Hans Reuterskiöld, Press Officer, Phone +46 8 673 95 44, +46 70 673 96 50, hans.reuterskiold@kva.se Claes Gustafsson, member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, +46 31 786 38 26, +46 70 858 95 21, claes.gustafsson@medkem.gu.se
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organisation whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.
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MLA style: "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 - Press Release". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 7 Oct 2015.
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Artist's rendition of damaged DNA being repaired.

Yesterday, , permanent secretary of the , announced this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to three scientists for their work on . 

,  and  showed how damaged  is repaired and  is safeguarded by the cells at the  level.

Swedish scientist Tomas Lindahl found that DNA molecules decay too quickly for life, or evolution, to be sustainable. This led to the discovery of , a cellular mechanism that repairs damaged DNA by removing erroneous sections and replacing them.

Turkish  Aziz Sancar mapped , a DNA repair mechanism that targets larger-scale damage caused by  and .

US professor of  Paul Modrich showed how errors caused during  are usually rectified.  increases the precision of DNA replication when  divide.

The prize is shared 1/3rd to each scientist.