By Richard Black
Environment correspondent, BBC News website, Copenhagen
The leaked text has overshadowed the first day's upbeat speeches
Earth Watch - Richard Black's blog Documents leaked at the UN climate summit reveal divisions between industrialised and developing countries over the shape of a possible new deal. Campaigners say a draft text proposed by the Danish host government would disadvantage poorer nations. It also sees everything coming under a single new deal, whereas an alternative text from developing countries wants an extension to the Kyoto Protocol. Other blocs are expected to release their own texts in the next few days. Chairmen of working groups will then have to turn the various documents into a political document that 100-odd world leaders, plus delegates representing all other nations, could sign at the end of the conference. The Danish document, plus the alternative text submitted by the BASIC group (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) were discussed by a small group of key countries in Copenhagen last week. But the Danish proposal had remained under wraps until The Guardian newspaper published it on its website during the second afternoon of the conference. More ambition The documents show that at the broadest level, developed and developing worlds are split on several points: the level of cuts from developed countries
the establishment of a target date by which global emissions should peak and begin to fall
most fundamentally, the shape of any future deal. The BASIC draft sees emission reductions from developed countries coming under the Kyoto Protocol, whereas the Danish draft envisages all measures coming under a single new agreement. Although this might appear a technical point, developing countries have so far remained adamant on the retention of the protocol because of the measures it contains on financial assistance and technology transfer, and because it is the only legally binding treaty in existence that makes countries reduce emissions. The only formal texts in the UN process are the ones tabled by the Chairs of this Copenhagen conference at the behest of the parties
Yvo de Boer,
UNFCCC executive secretary
Copenhagen: Your questions The Danish text sets out a vision of greenhouse gas emissions peaking globally by 2020, then declining. It specifies a 50% emissions cut globally (from 1990 levels) by 2050. Most industrialised nations have already pledged an 80% cut in their own emissions. According to some calculations, those figures, when combined with projected population growth in the developing world, mean that per-capita emissions in developing countries will remain below those in the west, "locking in" inequality. CLIMATE CHANGE GLOSSARY Glossary in full Oxfam's Antonio Hill said industrialised nations had to offer bigger cuts than are currently on the table. "The targets need to rise in ambition and in line with what the science says," he told BBC News. "We think that at least 40% (from 1990 levels by 2020) is needed; and even that is not enough to produce equity." However, Mr Hill suggested that measures on transferring finance from industrialised to developing countries - to help them curb their emissions and help them protect against the impacts of climate change - were "quite good". Impossible dream? Other observers, such as Sol Oyuela from the development agency CAFOD, were more damning. "The document should not even exist," she said.
Global warming: A future glimpse "There is a UN legal process which is the official negotiating text; there is no need for any other texts. "To be working on a rival text is a kick in the teeth to the UN process that has been negotiated for so long." Yvo de Boer, executive secretary of the UN climate convention, also said the document had no formal weight within the negotiations. "This was an informal paper ahead of the conference given to a number of people for the purposes of consultations," he said. "The only formal texts in the UN process are the ones tabled by the Chairs of this Copenhagen conference at the behest of the parties." The UK government dissociated itself from the text. "At this stage in the negotiation there's inevitably all sorts of texts doing the rounds and more will no doubt appear over the next 10 days," said a spokesman for the Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC). "The UK is continuing to strive for the most ambitious deal possible, as the prime minister has made clear again today." Gordon Brown declared earlier that he would favour the EU moving from its current 20% target to 30%, which governments have agreed to do if there is a global deal here. Over the next few days, small island states, least developed countries, the African bloc and the overall G77/China grouping are expected to present their own texts. The small island states are expected to demand a legally binding outcome from Copenhagen, which many insiders say is impossible. Richard.Black-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk Do you have a question for world leaders at Copenhagen? What would you ask them if you were at the summit? Send it to us. The best questions we receive will be answered by a panel of world leaders in a special televised debate. Send your video questions to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, text them to 61124 or if you have a large file you can upload here. Read the terms and conditions Name
Your E-mail address
Town & Country
Phone number (optional):
Comments
The BBC may edit your comments and not all emails will be published. Your comments may be published on any BBC media worldwide.
Terms & Conditions
Bookmark with: Delicious
Digg
reddit
Facebook
StumbleUpon What are these? E-mail this to a friend Printable version
On the third day of the two-week Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the leaders of developing countries said that EU and US emissions cuts plans are not enough.  After a Danish unofficial draft version of the future treaty leaked, they reacted with a demand of shift of emission cuts to developed world industries.

The host Danish government's draft version of a treaty was published by UK newspaper The Guardian without the government's consent. The draft says that "developing countries, except the least developed which may contribute at their own discretion, commit to nationally appropriate mitigation actions". The quantitative consideration in it is that a 50% emissions cut globally (from 1990 levels) by 2050 should be achieved, with most industrialised nations implementing 80% cuts.
 Deputy Head of the Chinese delegation Su Wei recalled the 1997 Kyoto protocol, which includes the statement "no developing nations are committed to emission cuts or sharing of funding for mitigation and adaptation in poor parts of the world". Su Wei said, "The EU position cannot be justified. The Kyoto protocol among other UNFCCC agreements stipulate clearly what developed and developing countries should do."

In an interview with Politiken, a Danish daily broadsheet newspaper, the Chairman of Group of 77 commented on the event, mentioning the previous Denmark-Africa friendly political relations:

A member of poverty-focused charity, Oxfam, Antonio Hill commented to the BBC, speaking positively about the idea of transferring finance from industrialised to developing countries — to help them curb their emissions and help them protect against the impacts of climate change.  Antonio Hill said that otherwise industrialised nations had to offer considerably bigger cuts.  Commentators say the G77 block statements are substantially reasonable, since many of emissions sources are geographically located in developing countries, but owned by citizens of developed countries.

Executive secretary of the UNFCCC Yvo de Boer said the document had no weight at the conference:

Head of the global climate initiative  World Wide Fund for Nature Kim Carstensen commented on the event, pledging not to to distract to the 'Danish text' and to concentrate on subsequent official actions at Copenhagen: