Former members of Spain’s armed forces have published an open letter accusing the country’s Socialist-led minority government of threatening national unity.
The letter signed by 271 officers, including two former lieutenant generals and an admiral, coincided Sunday with the country’s Constitution Day, which marked the 42nd anniversary of a 1978 referendum and was seen as an important step in Spain's transition to democracy following the end of the longtime rule of Gen. Francisco Franco, who died in 1975.
The letter’s publication came just days after dozens of retired air force officers were discovered to have discussed fomenting a coup. In a private chat forum on WhatsApp, they bemoaned the death of Franco, who they dubbed “the irreplaceable one.” The plotters agreed the only remedy for Spain would be “to shoot 26 million” people, but they decided eventually it was not viable.
Defense Minister Margarita Robles asked prosecutors to launch a criminal investigation into the WhatsApp group.
FILE - Former Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, center, is seen at a ceremony in Burgos, Spain, November 20, 1938.
Officers who signed Sunday’s letter distanced themselves from the social media conspirators but echoed many of their complaints about the political direction being taken by Spain. They warned of the “deterioration of our democracy.”
They upbraided the government led by Pedro Sánchez for making concessions to jailed Catalan separatists, saying that the “unity of Spain is in danger.” They accused the government of “granting favors” to unnamed “terrorists,” showing “a lack of respect for the victims.”
The signatories, led by Lt. Gen. Emilio Pérez Alamán, emphasized their fealty to the monarchy and noted that despite being retired, the oath they took while on active duty to defend the territorial integrity of Spain remains alive for them.
Spanish politicians have been downplaying the dissent from retired military officers. Before Sunday’s letter, and in reference to the WhatsApp group, Deputy Prime Minister Pablo Iglesias dismissed their discussions as nostalgia for Franco’s dictatorship.
“What these already retired gentlemen of a certain age say doesn’t represent a threat of any kind,” he told Spanish TV. He added that the officers are failing to understand that they are “making more Spaniards feel republican.”
FILE - A man holds a depiction of the late Spanish dictator Gen. Francisco Franco as people gather outside Mingorrubio's cemetery, on the outskirts of Madrid, Spain, October 24, 2019.
Iglesias is the leader of the leftist Podemos Party, a member of the Socialist-led government that has had to rely on the support of Basque and Catalan separatist lawmakers.
Many officers and those on Spain’s far right have been increasingly infuriated by the Sánchez government. They were angered by ministers’ decision last year to remove Franco’s body from the Valley of the Fallen, a Catholic basilica and monumental memorial built by the late dictator, to a nondescript cemetery. During a brief reburial ceremony, Franco's grandson draped his grandfather’s coffin in the nationalist flag, despite being barred from doing so by the government.
In September, the government announced plans to ban organizations that glorify the dictator’s legacy, saying the prohibition is necessary to help the country come to terms with its past and the Spanish civil war of the 1930s, that was triggered by a military coup.
Sunday’s letter is the third from military quarters criticizing the government. Two previous letters — the first signed by 39 retired air force officers, and the second by 73 former members of the army — were addressed to King Felipe and to the European Parliament, respectively. Two years ago, 1,000 retired members of Spain’s armed forces signed a document expressing their support for Franco and the 1936 coup he led.
FILE - Santiago Abascal, leader of Spain's far-right party Vox, walks to give his speech as Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez looks on during a no-confidence motion against the government at parliament in Madrid, Spain, October 22, 2020.
Spain’s chief of the defense staff, Gen. Miguel Villarroya Vilalta, said last week that the WhatsApp group of conspirators and the frequent complaints of retired officers are “damaging the image of the armed forces.”
“The opinions of these individuals cannot be construed as representative of the community that they were once a part of but should be viewed as the opinions of private citizens who have the right to express their views, but not to award themselves representation rights that they do not possess,” he said in a press statement issued last week.
“As military personnel,” he added, “we take an oath promising to defend the constitution, which guides all our actions. One of the consequences of that commitment is the political neutrality of our armed forces.”
Legal experts say that the request by Spain’s defense minister for prosecutors to open an investigation into the WhatsApp group is unlikely to get far, as the remarks were part of private conversations, albeit online. If the officers were still on active duty, they could have been discharged for inappropriate conduct.
Lt. Col. José Ignacio Domínguez, one of the participants in the WhatsApp chat group, told a radio network last week that “there began to be talk (in the chat group) about the possibility of a military uprising supported by the king.” But the group members finally concluded it was not feasible.
Francisco Franco, chefe de governo espanhol (ditadura franquista) entre 1938 e 1973



Ex-membros das forças armadas espanholas publicaram uma carta aberta acusando o governo minoritário do país, liderado pelos , de ameaçar a unidade nacional.  

A carta assinada por 271 oficiais, incluindo dois ex-tenentes-generais e um almirante, coincidiu domingo com o Dia da Constituição do país, que marcou o 42º aniversário de um referendo de 1978 e foi visto como um passo importante na transição da Espanha para a democracia após o fim do antigo governo do general , que morreu em 1975. 

A publicação da carta veio poucos dias depois que dezenas de oficiais aposentados da Força Aérea foram descobertos por terem discutido fomentar um golpe. Em um fórum privado de bate-papo no , eles lamentaram a morte de Franco, a quem chamaram de "o insubstituível". Os conspiradores concordaram que o único remédio para a Espanha seria "atirar em 26 milhões" de pessoas, mas decidiram que eventualmente não era viável. 

A ministra da Defesa Margarita Robles pediu aos promotores que iniciassem uma investigação criminal no grupo de WhatsApp.