Israel has suspended cooperation with Unesco, a day after the UN cultural agency adopted a draft resolution that Israel says denies the deep historic Jewish connection to holy sites in Jerusalem.
Unesco’s draft resolution, titled Occupied Palestine and sponsored by several Arab countries, uses only the Islamic name for a hilltop compound sacred to both Jews and Muslims, which includes the Western Wall, a remnant of the biblical temple and the holiest site where Jews can pray. The validated resolution is expected early next week, but the wording is unlikely to change.
Israeli anger at Unesco motion’s failure to link holy site to Judaism Read more
Israelis and many Jews around the world viewed it as the latest example of an ingrained anti-Israel bias at the United Nations, where Israel and its allies are far outnumbered by Arab countries and their supporters.
The draft resolution, seen by the Associated Press, diminished the links of two important holy sites in Jerusalem’s Old City to Judaism. The text refers to the site known by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary and by Jews as the Temple Mount only by its Muslim name. The draft resolution refers to the Muslim site of Al-Buraq Plaza without quotations, but puts the site’s Jewish name, the Western Wall Plaza, in inverted commas.
The education minister, Naftali Bennett, informed Unesco of Israel’s decision on Friday.
“Following the shameful decision by Unesco members to deny history and ignore thousands of years of Jewish ties to Jerusalem and the Temple Mount, I have notified the Israel National Commission for Unesco to suspend all professional activities with the international organization,” Bennett said.
Jerusalem’s mayor, Nir Barkat, said he was “outraged” by the resolution. “Would Unesco vote to deny the Christian connection to the Vatican? Or the Muslim connection to Mecca? The Unesco vote claims that there is no connection between the Jewish people and the Western Wall. In fact, it is the Unesco vote that has no connection to reality.”
Unesco’s director-general, Irina Bokova, expressed dismay with the draft resolution, which came from member states, saying that “different peoples worship the same places, sometimes under different names. The recognition, use of and respect for these names is paramount.”
The spat is the latest in Israel’s rocky relations with Unesco, which it accuses of making decisions out of political considerations.
The Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, dubbed the resolution “absurd” after it was announced and on Friday tweeted: “What’s next? A Unesco decision denying the connection between peanut butter and jelly? Batman and Robin? Rock and roll?”
Israel captured east Jerusalem, with sites holy to Jews, Christians and Muslims, in the 1967 war. Palestinians claim the territory as part of their future state, and its fate is one of the most contentious issues in the decades-old conflict.
Jews refer to the hilltop compound in Jerusalem’s Old City as the Temple Mount, site of the two Jewish biblical temples. Muslims refer to it as al-Haram al-Sharif, Arabic for the Noble Sanctuary, and it includes the Al-Aqsa mosque and the golden Dome of the Rock. It is the holiest site in Judaism and the third holiest in Islam, after Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia.
Bokova condemned the religious and cultural divisions being played out in the UN body that was created in part to further cross-cultural understanding.
“When these divisions carry over into Unesco, an organization dedicated to dialogue and peace, they prevent us from carrying out our mission,” she said.
Bokova has no official control over resolutions, which are sponsored and voted on by member states.
Bennett, the Israeli minister, said Bokova’s comments were insufficient and urged the body to take action.
“The moral support provided by Unesco to terror will end only when the organization cancels yesterday’s outrageous decision, which denies history to please Israel haters. Words are important, but they are not a replacement to the actions of the organization she heads.”
Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas’s government in the West Bank welcomed the resolution, as did Hamas, the Islamic militant group that rules the Gaza Strip. A spokesman for Hamas, which is pledged to Israel’s destruction, called the resolution a “step in the right direction”.
The dispute over Jerusalem’s holiest site ignited a wave of violence this time last year. Since then Palestinian attackers have killed 36 Israelis and two visiting Americans, mainly in stabbings. About 220 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli fire, most of them identified as attackers by Israel. The Palestinians, as well as Israeli and international rights groups, say forces have in some cases used excessive force to subdue attackers.
Israel has blamed the violence on incitement by Palestinian political and religious leaders, compounded on social media sites that glorify violence. The Palestinians say it is rooted in some 50 years of military rule and fading hopes for independence.
Dom und Minarett auf dem Tempelberg heutzutage
 Um den Tempelberg in Jerusalem ist erneut ein Streit entbrannt. Anlass ist eine Abstimmung in der UN-Kulturorganisation Unesco, in der die Bedeutung Jerusalems für alle drei monotheistischen Weltreligionen betont wird. In einem Textentwurf vom 12. Oktober werden sowohl für das Judentum als auch für den Tempelberg nur arabische Namen verwendet. Am 12. Oktober feiern zugleich alle Juden in der Welt das höchste religiöse Fest Jom Kippur, auf Deutsch auch Versöhnungstag genannt. Israelische Regierungsvertreter empfinden das mehrheitiche Verhalten von UN-Vertretern im Umgang mit dem Thema als Missachtung der jüdischen Tradition in Jerusalem.

Tempel in Jerusalem, Darstellung aus dem 16. Jahrhundert
Nach Erkenntnissen von Archäologen standen auf dem Tempelberg vor über 2.500 Jahren der Salomonische Tempel und etwa 500 Jahre später der Palast des jüdischen Königs Herodes. Die heutige Klagemauer in Jerusalem ist höchstwahrscheinlich ein Rest dieses Palastes, der von den Römern zerstört wurde. Der Felsendom wurde Ende des 7. Jahrhunderts während der Islamischen Expansion errichtet und ist eines der islamischen Hauptheiligtümer.