The opium from poppies is made into heroin that makes its way
to many Western countries [GALLO/GETTY]
Afghanistan's production of poppies is expected to hit a record high this year and will produce nearly all of the world's opium, a United Nations report is expected to reveal. The report is also expected to criticise the international community and the Afghan government for failing to tackle the country's drug problem.
In video
James Bays reports on Afghan farmers growing opium to survive It will be the sixth consecutive year that opium production has increased, despite hundreds of millions of dollars given to programmes to halt cultivation, processing and trafficking.
The country is producing nearly 95 per cent of the world's opium, up from 92 per cent in 2006, according to Reuters.
Christina Oguz, the head of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in Afghanistan told the news agency: "It is a very bad situation definitely, and the government has not been able to deal with it in the right way."
"The same goes for the international community."
Heroin trafficking
Opium and the heroin made from it are estimated to be worth some $3 billion to the Afghan economy, about a third of its gross domestic product.
The heroin is trafficked into many Western countries.
" It is a very bad situation definitely,
and the government has not been able to deal with it in the right way."
Christina Oguz, head of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in Afghanistan Afghanistan is locked in a circle where government officials are said to be involved in the drug trade, the report is set to say.
However, the Afghan counter-narcotics ministry says that it does not have enough evidence to hold corrupt officials accountable.
State control over parts of the country has weakened which in turn leads to rising insecurity and more drug production.
In 2001, the Taliban had managed to reduce poppy crops, where the opium is extracted, and enforced strict punishments for those growing them.
But about 70 per cent of opium production now comes from provinces in the south where Taliban fighters continue to launch attacks.
According to Afghan and foreign officials, both drug traffickers and the Taliban have a common interest in instability and lawlessness.
'Money in the bank'
Zalmay Afzaly, a counter-narcotics ministry spokesman said: "Traffickers are equipping and providing funds for terrorist organisations that are responsible for many attacks in Kabul, other parts of the country and other parts of the world."
Insecurity is also said to lead to farmers planting poppies, as fighting can prevent them from getting perishable crops to market.
A senior Western diplomat said: "The great thing about opium is that it lasts for 20 to 30 years - it's money in the bank."
"So if you're not sure you can get your onions or carrots to market as they may go off because it's too insecure to move, then you grow opium and put it under your bed - it's a currency."
The United States had campaigned for the use of aerial spraying to eradicate poppy crops, but the idea was rejected due to objections from the Afghan government, worried about an adverse public reaction.
Financial incentives
James Bays, Al Jazeera's correspondent in Afghanistan, said that if crops are destroyed, farmers may also stop co-operating with the central government in Kabul.
Farmers say they need to grow poppies
to survive [GALLO/GETTY]
Washington is putting forward a strategy under which Afghan provincial governors will be given greater financial incentives to combat drugs while increasing co-ordination between counter-narcotics forces and the military.The US has given $200 million in aid this year to Helmand, the biggest opium-producing province.If Helmand were a country, it would be the fifth biggest recipient of US aid, diplomats say.But Oguz said: "They use it for growing opium. This is telling the rest of the country 'grow opium and we'll give you a lot of rewards, we'll give you aid'."
'Our children will die'
The strip of land along the banks of the Helmand river is one of the most fertile farming areas in Afghanistan and was once the country's bread-basket.
The driving forces behind opium production are traffickers, anti-government fighters, powerful landowners and corrupt officials, experts have told Reuters.
However, James Bays said that residents he met in Badakhshan, northern Afghanistan are growing wheat and sweet potatos for food, but opium is grown for money.
Hussain Ahmed said: "In Islam, if there is no food, we can eat pork. We know that opium is worse than pork, but we have no choice but to grow it."
While Jama Khan, a village elder said: "If we don't keep the poppies, our children will die of hunger."
Oguz said: "Unless the international community and the government together are very determined ... we will not see enough change for a very long time."
Opium Poppy
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report released Monday, the opium produced in Afghanistan has doubled in the past two years, reaching record highs. The United Nations' report determined that 93% of the world's opium is now produced in Afghanistan, up 1% from last year.

In 2007, 193,000 hectares of land in Afghanistan were dedicated to opium poppy cultivation, representing a 17 percent increase over 2006. In addition, the yield per hectare was up from last year, due to favourable weather conditions. In 2007, opium yields were 42.5 kg per hectare, while in 2006 yields were 37.0 kg/ha. Overall in 2007, Afghanistan produced 8,200 tons of opium, an amount 34 percent greater than in 2006.

This marks the sixth consecutive year that production has increased despite the United States' US$600 million counter-narcotics program in Afghanistan. When commenting on the report’s overall findings, William B. Wood, the American ambassador to Afghanistan, said, "I think it is safe to say that we should be looking for a new strategy, and I think that we are finding one." He refers to the possibility of such enhanced U.S. efforts including spraying poppy crops with herbicides. This proposal has been opposed by both British and Afghan officials in the past.