Flooding has destroyed thousands of homes in and around Ouagadougou, the capital, prompting officials on Thursday to call for international help.
Seven people have been killed and thousands of others have fled their homes in Burkina Faso after the heaviest rainfall there in 90 years.
Simon Compaore, Ouagadougou's mayor, said that more international aid was desperately needed to help ease the crisis.
"I would like to join the government's appeal for blankets, clothes and food, because there really is an urgent need for these things," he said.
Earlier, Tertius Zongo, the prime minister, said that 150,000 people across the country had been left homeless.
"We have been able to find shelter for about 110,000 people but there are others who have taken refuge with their neighbours," he said.
Hospital evacuated
Many residents of the capital piled whatever belongings they could salvage in the street after their homes were destroyed by the flood waters and the accompanying mud.
Aid groups said the flood water had smashed bridges, dams and washed away roads, making their task even more difficult.
"Bridges and dams have been destroyed, the main hospital in Ouagadougou which is close to a dam was inundated and some patients including about 60 children were evacuated," Rosine Jourdain, of the Belgian Red Cross in Burkina Faso, said.
"An electrical plant was also destroyed so I think we are going to have some power supply problems."
Some reports said that among the patients moved out of the capital's main hospital were those with infectious diseases.
The government mobilised the army to help firefighters and police deal with the crisis.
Seasonal rains from June regularly cause fatal floods and mudslides in West Africa.
In 2007, over 800,000 people were affected, some 300 died while homes, crops and infrastructure were washed away.
According to the United Nations' humanitarian agency, severe flooding in Burkina Faso has affected over 100,000 people, following the country's heaviest rainfall for ninety years.

Thousands of homes in the vicinity of Ouagadougou, the country's capital, have been destroyed by the waters. Officials requested international aid for those affected by the disaster.

"I would like to join the government's appeal for blankets, clothes and food, because there really is an urgent need for these things," Ouagadougou's mayor Simon Compaore said.

The Belgian Red Cross' Rosine Jourdain said that "bridges and dams have been destroyed, the main hospital in Ouagadougou which is close to a dam was inundated and some patients including about 60 children were evacuated. An electrical plant was also destroyed, so I think we are going to have some power supply problems."

Flooding has also affected the neighbouring countries of Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Niger, and Senegal.

The UN says it is worried that water-borne illnesses, such as cholera and malaria, could start spreading due to the flooding.