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Pesquisadores de mamíferos acabam de descobrir uma nova espécie de roedor que é diferente  de tudo  que já haviam visto.

Em um novo estudo publicado em ''Systematics and Biodiversity'' (Sistemática e Biodiversidade), os pesquisadores descrevem uma nova espécie de roedor chamada '''rato da pedra laotiano''' ou ''Laonastes aenigmamus''. O roedor foi encontrado para a venda  como carne num mercado no Laos. Os pesquisadores trouxeram-no a Londres,  Vermont, Wisconsin e Gloucestershire, Reino Unido, para  darem   uma olhada melhor em seu esqueleto e DNA.

Os pesquisadores acham que o espécime não está relacionado a nada que é atualmente conhecido. O grupo teve de descrever uma nova família de mamíferos para essa espécie única, a família: ''Laonastidae''. Na última vez que uma nova família de mamíferos foi criada para acomodar uma nova descoberta de espécie foi em 1974 quando o morcego de mamangaba  foi descoberto.

Os parentes mais próximos ao rato da pedra laotiano são um grupo de roedores que inclui porcos-espinhos e cobaias, mas esta relação é bastante distante. Os pesquisadores acham que os ratos da pedra laotianos podem ter se separado de antepassados comuns há muito tempo, sendo que os porcos-espinhos e as cobaias se  desenvolveram depois daquela separação.

Os autores esperam que através do estudo dos ratos da pedra laotianos, eles possam solucionar um quebra-cabeça antigo. Como as cobaias e seus parentes chegaram à América do Sul numa época em que era o continente cercado por água? Até a descoberta desses ratos da pedra laotianos, os únicos parentes  das cobaias de fora do Novo Mundo  eram aqueles  achados somente na África ou então na África e na Ásia. Isto levou  alguns cientistas a pensar que os antepassados da cobaia chegaram à América do Sul oriundos da África através do Oceano Atlântico. Outros dizem que eles foram para Ásia e América do Norte primeiro. Entender como o novo parente asiático da cobaia é ligado ao resto da família pode ajudar a explicar este mistério.