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+{"content": " Barlow Alumni Travel Grant Report 2012\n\nBarlow Alumni Travel Grant Report 2012\n\nölçüsü15.86 Kb.\n\nBarlow Alumni Travel Grant Report 2012\n\nMichael Cloutman ‘77\n\nKorean Language and Cultural Immersion\n\nSeoul, South Korea\n\nI want to thank David Barlow ’79, the Barlow Family, and Bates College for the providing me with the opportunity to travel to Seoul, Korea, to further my nascent Korean language education. In addition to the Barlow Travel Grant, Kimball Union Academy generously provided funds for my professional development. The experience was truly the opportunity of a lifetime and one that I will never forget. What follows are some of the highlights of my trip and the impact of my experience.\nAs a faculty member for thirty years at Kimball Union Academy, a small independent boarding and day school in Meriden, NH, (now in its bicentennial year), I have taught many students from Korea. They are a vital part of the international student body at KUA, and over the years I’ve come to appreciate their culture and, more recently, their language. I began studying Korean language in part because I had a life-long nagging sense of guilt about my lack of foreign language skills. In addition, several of my Korean students urged me to consider learning Korean and to visit Korea where they could help me experience their culture. Many of these students are experienced international travelers who learned English at a young age, and many are fluent in more than two languages. I envy their language skills and admire the risks they took to leave their country and get an education in America. Several international graduates from Kimball Union go on to study at major colleges and universities in the United States, as well as in Korea.\nAfter a year of studying Korean using various print and on-line resources, as well as a tutor and several willing and eager Korean students at Kimball Union, I realized that I needed more focused instruction and cultural immersion. Learning a foreign language is a challenge that requires more than part-time attention. The Barlow Travel Grant provided the necessary funding for just such an experience.\nAfter researching several summer language immersion programs in Seoul, I settled on Yonsei University, a highly respected academic institution with undergraduate and graduate schools, a medical research hospital, as well as pharmacy, engineering, and life sciences schools housed in three campuses in Seoul. Moreover, Yonsei is justifiably proud of the summer language programs and year round classes at the Korean Language Institute (KLI) where I attended classes this summer.\nWhen I arrived on the Yonsei campus for the first day, I settled into a seat in the auditorium, along with about 150 other students, to listen to the convocation speeches by the president of university, the director of the summer program, and a couple of other dignitaries, all of which were delivered entirely in Korean. Full immersion on day one; of course I could not fully understand all of what was said, though a few words were recognizable in passing. Following the convocation, I sat for a placement exam, and knowing full well that Level 1 was my destiny I dutifully responded to as many questions as I could just to see what I thought I knew of the language.\nThe following day I met my classmates as we waited for the 선생님 (seonsaengnim), the teacher, to arrive. There were 14 students in the class, many of whom where Korean-Americans who were interested in learning the language and learning about their heritage. In addition to several students from the US, there was one boy from France, a girl from Taiwan, and a Canadian boy of Korean descent. I was clearly the oldest student in the class, all of who were between 18 and 24 years old. I was probably the oldest student in the entire program, for that matter, though I did meet a few other adult language learners.\nClasses ran four hours a day for five days a week from 8:00 am to 1:00 pm with two breaks between classes. The curriculum was tightly structured and students worked on all the essential elements of the language. On the first day we had a cursory review of the alphabet and phonetic sounds associated with vowels and consonants, and combinations thereof, after which we dove right into speaking phrases and learning sentences from the dialogues in the text. It was not uncommon for me to have two or more hours of homework to do, including memorizing or listening to dialogues, writing sentences based on the lessons during the day, or reviewing vocabulary in preparation for the daily quiz on the material.\nTwice a week, Monday and Wednesday, I took a pottery class as part of the university’s Korean culture offerings. In addition to pottery, there were classes in Korean cooking, traditional Chinese brush painting, Taekwondo, and K-Pop music and dance. Afternoons in the pottery studio were a welcome respite from the language sessions. I could chat with my tablemates, roll out the clay, shape the material into the day’s assignment, and tap into what little artistic talent I had.\nI lived off campus in the Sinchon section of Seoul, only a 15 minute walk to campus. The denizens of Sinchon are mostly college students who attend the three universities in the area, Yonsei, Ewha Woman’s University, and Sogang University. My neighborhood was filled with bars, pool halls, PC rooms (where people go to use computers, play games, and socialize), and karaoke rooms that attracted the college crowd. On most nights, especially weekends, the streets were bustling with shoppers and walkers, ducking into air-conditioned stores or restaurants for some relief from the stifling humidity. The subway station, a five minute walk from my room, provided access to all of metro Seoul. The fares are inexpensive, the trains are on time, and the stations rival hospitals for their cleanliness. Although Sinchon seemed a bit tired and tawdry compared to more upscale sections of Seoul, it had a unique character and quirky charm that I came to appreciate.\nIn my immediate surroundings there were several restaurants, including Starbucks (there were four stores on my walk to campus), McDonalds, Burger King, Taco Bell, and an Outback Steakhouse all nearby. American food was ubiquitous, though I made every effort to avoid eating American food, with the exception of Starbucks coffee, my lone concession to American fare. However, finding Korean, Japanese, or Chinese food was never a problem; street vendors were on every corner and numerous restaurants offered traditional Korean food such as mandu (Korean dumpling), moolnaengmyun (buckwheat noodles and sweet potatoes in a chilled beef broth), bibimbap (a mixture of rice stirred with vegetables, beef, and egg mixed together with sauce and seasonings), and of course, kimchi, a side dish made of fermented cabbage, cucumber, radish, and seasoned with hot spices, pepper, garlic, green onion among others. Kimchi is considered the national food of Korea and it’s served in every home and restaurant in the country.\nIn my free time on some weeknights and weekends, I had the pleasure of visiting with several of my former Korean students. They were enthusiastic tour guides who were proud of their city and country. I have many to thank for their generosity and warmth, all of which made my stay in Korea that much more fun. I toured the ancient palace grounds of Gyeongbokgung, visited the Korean Folk Museum within the palace grounds, and learned about the rich culture and history of Korea dating back to the late 1300’s when the palace was built by King Taejo. Not far from the palace grounds there are small shopping districts that attract many tourists. Insa-dong is a favorite for tourists because of the many shops, cafés, tea rooms, restaurants, and art galleries. Not nearly as crowded as Insa-dong, and perhaps more quaint, are the narrow, winding roads and alleys of Bukchon-dong with its own unique range of restaurants, shops, tea rooms, cafés, galleries and bars.\nOne of the more interesting parts of Seoul is Gwanghwamun, an historical and cultural area that featured a wonderfully designed exhibition hall honoring the transformational significance of King Sejong who ruled Korea for over thirty years between 1418 and 1450. Widely acclaimed as the creator of the Korean alphabet (Hangeul), King Sejong’s unique writing system was designed to make learning as easy as possible, and increase literacy throughout Korea. Outside on a plaza stands a giant statue of King Sejong on a throne overlooking his subjects. Beneath the statue, a series of water spouts erupt while children frolic in water to find some relief from the summer humidity.\nAlthough I was not able to travel outside of the Seoul metro area and visit other cities or see the sights in the rural areas, my hope is that I’ll be able to do so on a return trip to Korea in the future.\nPerhaps the highlight of my Korean cultural experience was attending a professional baseball game at the stadium near the Olympic Park. Although the game of baseball is played exactly like American baseball, the fan participation is worth the price of admission, which in this case was 10,000 Korean Won, or roughly $9.00 for excellent seats in the grandstands on the first base line. Korean fans are passionate about their teams, and fans from both teams pour into the stadium clad in their teams’ colors, carrying inflated “clappers” that with each cheer resonate like drumbeats throughout the game. Each fan base has orchestrated cheering sections, and virtually every fan knows the various cheers for particular players and the words for every song that’s boomed out on the PA system. Both teams had a cheerleader who stood on a stage surrounded by a sound system and four girls dressed not unlike cheerleaders for college or NFL games. The atmosphere of the game and the passion of the fans was contagious. I was also impressed with how polite and respectful the fans were; there was no foul language or jeers aimed at the umpires or opposing players, and at times it was more like being at an opera instead of a baseball game.\nQuite aside from all of the time spent touring parts of Seoul and reconnecting with Kimball Union’s Korean alumni, my experience in Korea was transformational. I came to appreciate the Korean culture and rich history far more than I could have by reading books or learning the language in isolation. Personally, the challenge for me was to learn the Korean language in greater depth and understanding than I could on my own, to experience a different part of the world, and to dwell outside my comfort zone. To these ends, I succeeded. Professionally, I gained greater insight into and respect for the Korean culture and customs. Sitting in a classroom and being barraged at times with an onslaught of strange sounding words is daunting. I certainly have greater empathy for my Korean students who, though reasonably proficient with English, still are challenged by the syntax and diction of the English language, just as I was and continue to be challenged by the Korean language. Though I am far from fluent, I continue to work at learning more and I’m inching my way toward greater proficiency. I am able to exchange some words and phrases with my Korean students, meet and greet some of the prospective Korean students and parents who visit campus with their children, all of whom appreciate the effort to understand a little bit of their culture.\nI am truly grateful for the generous opportunity provided by the Barlow Alumni Travel Grant, and I am honored to have been the recipient of such a prestigious award. My experience in Korea has changed my perspective on my career as an educator, and has whetted my appetite for more educational opportunities and travel abroad.\n\nDostları ilə paylaş:\n\n©2018 Учебные документы\nРады что Вы стали частью нашего образовательного сообщества.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8712482452392578}
+{"content": "Odin hindu singles\n\nodin hindu singles The form physically expresses the deity's essence, in the same vein the aeons represent the fayth's dreams rather than their temporal bodies in some hindu and buddhist practices one can invoke a deity through the physical representation of a statue, similar to the link between aeons and fayth.\n\nQuote #7: in hindu (post-vedic) tradition, shesha (iast: śeṣa, devanagari: शेष), also known as sheshanaga (iast: śeṣanāga, devanagari: शेषनाग) or adishesha (iast: ādi śeṣa, devanāgarī: आदिशेष) is the king of all nāgas (serpent deities), one of the primal beings of creation, and according to the bhagavata purana, an avatar of the supreme god known as narayana. Odin zeus may get most of the press, but when it comes to the leaders of the gods, few come tougher than odin hailing from norse mythology, odin is the leader of the norse gods, wielder of the. Hindu sects worship him regardless of affiliations devotion to ganesha is widely diffused and extends to jains, buddhists, and beyond india although he is known by many attributes, ganesha's elephant head makes him easy to identify. The return of odin the modern renaissance of pagan imagination rudgley argues that it is odin and not jesus christ who is the single most important mataji devi vanamali has written several books on the gods of the hindu pantheon, including shakti, hanuman, shiva, the complete life of krishna,. While we have races in hindu mythology, devas, danavas, asuras, rakshasas the norse too had their own, aesir, vanir, jötunn etc wikipedia, a seemingly liberal and rational site mentions : the afterlife is a complex matter in norse mythology.\n\nLargest & most popular online dating site for hindus find like-minded hindu singles for love, date, romance & relationship meet hindu brahmin, kshatriyas, vaishya or shudra singles. Odin odin was the leader of the gods in norse mythology and the father to several of them, including thor in certain narratives, odin was a creator god, who created the universe after defeating the ymir in battle. Odin is the allfather in norse and germanic mythology he has dominion over many aspects of life: death, knowledge, healing, writing, royalty, and chaos he is illustrated as an old man with one eye, a cloak, and a staff and is typically flanked by wolves, bears, or ravens.\n\n100% free online dating in odin, il odin's best free dating site 100% free online dating for odin singles at mingle2com our free personal ads are full of single women and men in odin looking for serious relationships, a little online flirtation, or new friends to go out with. Odin was married to frigg and together, they had several children hoder, hermod, tyr, bragi, and balder are all half siblings of thor jord was a goddess and known as the personification of the earth. Odin was who the warriors, nobles & skalds invoked to gain power to destroy their enemies, the wisdom to rule their realms, and the inspiration to recount in song the heroes of bygone times as for tyri've never seen him referenced as a sky-god.\n\nVishnu (ヴィシュヌ, vishunu) is a demon in the series vishnu is one of the primary deities in the hindu pantheon he is called the preserver and is known for a kindly demeanor and genuine interest in the welfare of humanity in the hindu religion, vishnu the preserver is one of the three principle. Frigg is described as the only one, other than odin, who is permitted to sit on his high seat hlidskjalf and look out over the universe she was known, as well, as the goddess of the sky legend tells us that it was through her art of weaving, she. In the hindu pantheon, there are three aspects of god: creator, preserver and destroyer norse mythology speaks of the three states of matter before creation, the three goddesses of destiny, and the three deities – odin, vili and ve – who created mankind the three planes of existence as heaven, hell and earth transcend religion and culture. As odin kill fifteen enemies in a single match using ravenshout and lunge together cage match as odin kill four enemy gods inside of your ultimate, ring of spears. This is a list of germanic deities that are in norse mythology divided between the æsir and the vanir , and sometimes including the jötnar (giants), the dividing line between these groups is less than clear.\n\nOdin hindu singles\n\nPlay hinduism quizzes on proprofs, the most popular quiz resource choose one of the thousands addictive hinduism quizzes, play and share odin and jupiter all of the above how well do you know brahma, the creator brahma is a hindu god known as the creator in the hindu trinity or trimurti,and most often referred to as the supreme, he. Hoenir, brother of odin, was a god known for his indecisive nature after the war between the aesir (the warrior gods) and the vanir (the fertility gods) ended in a world war i–style stalemate, with the vanir camped right outside the great wall of asgard, hoenir was part of a hostage exchange to. Odin was the leader of the gods in norse mythology and the father to several of them, including thor in certain narratives, odin was a creator god, who created the universe after defeating the ymir in battle.\n\nPaganism is not a “religion of the book,” but it is a religion of many books here’s a look at some recent releases of interest to pagans, polytheists and heathens: a scandinavian’s travels in esoteric india, a young adult novel inspired by yoruba religion, an examination of odin’s influence in modern times, and a tree herbal. While most android devices have a bootloader mode with other options like fastboot and recovery integrated into a single interface, samsung galaxy devices are a bit different as you need to use different key combinations to boot the device into the download/odin and the recovery modes. Indira isn't quite as powerful as odin, his norse analogue the hindu pantheon can also be cursed or defeated by sufficiently dedicated or enlightened humans, which i don't believe the norse ever are (though i know a lot more about hinduism than the norse so i could be wrong.\n\nThe anthropomorphic god indra was the most important god in the vedic religion and he later became a major figure in hinduism and an important deity in buddhism, cham and chinese traditionfor the aryas he was their national god and he was regarded as the protector of the military aristocracy and the kshatriyas warriors. Odin chief among the aesir is of course odin as allfather he is the divine root of every being in all the worlds, the essence of divinity present in all life forms, in the smallest particle as well as in the cosmos itself. Gods are sorted by their pantheons: celtic, chinese, egyptian, greek, hindu, japanese, mayan, norse, polynesian, roman, slavic and voodoo gods are organized in 5 different classes: hunters (mostly ranged carries and fighters), guardians (mostly melee supports, tanks and initiators), mages (mostly ranged spellcasters), warriors (mostly melee bruisers) and assassins (mostly melee junglers and gankers.\n\nOdin hindu singles\nRated 4/5 based on 23 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8813583254814148}
+{"content": "Tools For Building Business\n\nLike building a house requires basic tools of hammers, saws, screwdrivers, etc.; building a business requires basic tools as well. This article brings up some of my most-used tools in helping businesses grow; dream, vision, passion, and voice.\n\nThe dreams we have while we sleep seem to regularly defy logic, are as fleeting as the wind, and don’t last very long. Even the most vivid and recurring ones seem to provide a glimpse of the raw power of our imaginations. Unless we focus energy towards refining them, dreams alone are not a suitable foundation for building a business, a legacy, or a reputation.\n\nVision is a detailed depiction of where we intend to go. This ‘place is far off into the future’ and impossible to see with naked eye. Just like explorers might use telescopes, we too can use our imagination to peer into the world that does not yet exist and describe what we intend to create.\n\nVisions inspire more people than dreams do because they provide enough context for people to understand and buy-in; yet leave enough openness for others to invest their emotions, ideas, and actions. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. may have used the word dream in his famous speech in DC; but he was truly talking about his vision for equality that his children could experience and enjoy. His simple words continue to inspire millions who make continuous strides towards their interpretation of his vision.\n\nIn the business world, few get a chance to develop such vision as we are under such pressure to produce ‘the old way’. When you do get the opportunity to develop and share your vision, the following tools will be quite handy.\n\nPassion is a deep yearning or an omni-present urging to engage or pursue in an activity longer than most suggest is reasonable. The deep connection we have to certain things influences all of our decisions (some are blatant while others are very subtle). The simplest explanation I have is that we do it because it gives us incredible amounts of pleasure. I have yet to hear any evidence that suggests we have a maximum on the number of passions or a finite amount of energy that can be derived/invested into them.\n\nWhen we talk about our passions with people who believe remotely similarly; we can assemble powerful crowds.\n\nOur voice is how we speak. It can actually be the vibration of vocal cords that produces sounds and words, or it could be our actions that produce results and memories. I firmly believe that producing memories is one of the most powerful things we can do as individuals or collections of people.\n\nFor too many, growing their business is merely a dream – random glimpses of what could be scattered about like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle dumped from the box. Invest time into refining your imagination and you will begin to see a clearer vision and find it easier to not only invest your passions, but garner the diverse passions of others. As you prepare yourself for the ultimate challenge of communicating your vision, invest further time to developing your voice (words, presentation, and actions to support) as well as the voice of others.\n\nThese investments will provide substantial emotional, physical, and financial returns!\n\n\nIn case you were wondering; we work with clients of all sizes to help develop their dreams, visions, passions and voices as they truly are fundamental tools to business growth.\n\n\ndavid r frick is a business artist, strategist, and the founder of SuccessVentures where he helps businesses evolve operations, communications, and leadership into ways that better meet the needs of the 21st Century. Comment below, or send direct message with any questions or comments.\n\nAbout David Frick", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9466057419776917}
+{"content": "Formation History Environment E-mail Credit Home\nGroup seal\n\nHabitats - Environment - Saguenay : An exceptional fjord!\n\nThe Virtual Museum of Canada\nMarine Park\nSaguenay Park\nGeographical map\n\nMusée du Fjord\n\nClimate | Ice | Water circulation\n\nSaguenay River water circulation\n\nGraphic of the Saguenay River water circulation\n\nSalt water (Cold)\n\nBriny water (Hot)\n\nThe Saguenay is a dynamic and complex ecosystem. Water circulation obeys to specific and even spectacular physical laws. We can find two very distinct bodies of water, their differences being in temperature and in the degree of salinity whose layer of separation is called thermo halocline. This phenomenon results in two layers of very different density. Fed by the fresh water tributaries of the fjord, the first layer is slightly salted and found on the surface. The second is a very cold and deep layer whose salinity level is as high as ocean water. As a matter of fact, the Saguenay fjord could be compared to a sound onto which a fresh water mass glides on it from inland.\n\nThe surface layer isn't as dense as the cold and salted waters of the deeper layer. It flows towards the estuary while the Coriolis force is literally expelling the Saguenay's waters into the St. Lawrence. The latter is created by the earth's rotation thus evacuating the St. Lawrence's waters towards the south shore of the estuary. So, the St. Lawrence fresh waters coming in from upriver flow along the southern shoreline. All the surface water of the Saguenay region is added to this flow and contributes to the formation of the Gaspé current at the mouth of the St. Lawrence.\n\nMost fjords are natural environments were all formation of aquatic life is limited by the rarity of the oxygen. Yet, the Saguenay fjord is a radical exception to this rule because it is very well oxygenated down to its greater depths. The physical phenomenon permitting this oxygenation is related to the geography of the seabed of the St. Lawrence estuary . As a matter of fact, their depth gradually diminishes and the estuary is narrower at the mouth of the Saguenay. Coming in from the gulf of the St. Lawrence, the amplitude of the tides is increased when reaching the area. The consequence of this phenomenon being those great quantities of very cold sea waters on top the 20-meter threshold near Tadoussac, at the mouth of the Saguenay. These cold and well-oxygenated waters then slide under the surface layer coming from the fjord and their strong density leads them to its depths. This then feeds its deep water current. While the surface current drains the continental waters towards the gulf, these salted waters circulate in the opposite direction going up the Saguenay, thus feeding the fjord's ecosystem to its deepest trenches, which, for one, reaches down to 275 meters in depth.\n\n© Copyright Musée du Fjord 2002.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6049444079399109}
+{"content": "Does Fracking Cause Earthquakes In Oklahoma?\n\nfracking earthquakes\n\nDoes fracking cause earthquakes in Oklahoma? Oklahoma currently is known as an area with high possibilities of earthquake. It is quite saddening as this state is quite infamous for the hurricane also. Now, it is again placed in the center of disaster zone for a new thing. Rather than the earthquake is considered being happened naturally, it is often claimed by many people that it is due to the activity namely fracking. Sure, there are some controversies following the statements released by some geology experts. To know more whether it is true or not, the more research seems need to be done anyway.\n\nWhat is Fracking?\n\nfracking earthquakes\n\nFracking is often done in the world of mining and other industry as a medium to do the waste dump and other mining activities. Actually, what happens in Oklahoma is not something new. In fact, the similar things are also found in other states including Colorado and New Mexico. In this case, there is an improvement regarding the utilization of energy source using drilling method namely hydraulic fracturing. It is when the water and other chemical substances contained are spreading into the rock formation under the earth’s outer layer. This activity can then ease more to drive out the raw oil as well as the gas. This method is known as the most effective way for mining industry. However, it also results a large number of waste dump in which it is later throw in a big trash well.\n\nStarting from 2009\n\nThe utilization of energy source using hydraulic fracturing was started since 2009. Whether it is coincidental or not, the earthquake was also started to be happened often since that year. It makes some realms conclude and claim that the earthquakes are closely related to the mining activities. Based on the result of geology survey released by the experts, it is reported that the activities have bigger chances to cause and shakes and shocks similar to the natural earthquakes. The statement is strengthened by many researches done during the years.\n\n\nOf course, not all sides are agree with the statements, many other experts questions the validity of the survey. Based on their opinion, the shakes from fracking activities are not happened too often until causing big damages. Indeed, earthquakes for mining activities are something which is really possible. However, the shakes are not too strong. Besides, there are actually some standards of procedure that must be obeyed by the industry once they want to apply the fracking method. Sure, some of the standards are related to the safety not only for the workers but also for the environment in general. Therefore, it is concluded by them that many big earthquakes happened in Oklahoma are kinds of natural disaster, not related to the fracking.\n\nSure, based on the points explained above, earthquakes caused by the fracking are very possible. However, more researches are still needed to make sure whether the fracking is able to produce such a big energy to shake Oklahoma like natural earthquake does. More than that, keeping the environment safe should be a duty for all people, including those who work in the mining industry. So, does fracking cause earthquakes in Oklahoma? It can be yes and no.\n\nAbout the author\n\n\nAdd Comment\n\nClick here to post a comment\n\n\nFacebook Likes", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9555053114891052}
+{"content": "The term ‘Serverless’ grabbed the attention of the developers and after the immediate release of serverless, developers started developing serverless applications. The key areas of serverless applications are as follows:\n\nAzure Cosmos DB Trigger: Azure functions offer Triggers capability which allows the users to execute code and respond to the events in a proper manner. The trigger functions now offer CosmosDB support and multi-model database service. Here is the example of the architecture of CosmosDB and how it triggers multiple serverless functions.\n\nMicrosoft Graph Binding: Binding function makes communication easy with other services and the support includes a set of Microsoft Graph Binding that enables your functions to communicate with Excel, Outlook, OneDrive, and Microsoft Graph. You can also integrate millions of functions at a time in Microsoft cloud.\n\nCross-platform Developers Experience: In the past, Azure offers local development experience for functions which they could deploy to the cloud. Now, both MacOS and Linux developers can use this function and all thanks go to the migration of the run-time to cross-platform. This runtime also offers local development experience and developers can utilize their experiences too. For the further assistance, you can see how does cross platform tooling for Azure Functions work.\n\nMonitoring with Azure Applications Insights GA:\n\nMonitoring and collection of the data are the essential traits of a production app. Azure App Insights offers the full set of functions and the preview includes the tracing through ILogger, metrics streaming, and functions proxies executions.  Monitoring Azure Functions does provide the complete details of Insight GA.\n\nIntegration with Azure Stream Analytics:  Azure Stream Analytics is the best solution to the growing data and number of solutions due to the integration of the sensors and massive volumes of telemetry data round the clock. It offers real-time analytics on Azure and allows developers to insert custom logic into their stream analytics pipeline. For the further assistance, you can read Azure Stream Analytics: Output to Azure Functions.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7270028591156006}
+{"content": "Order / Option Questions\n\n\nQ: What size vanes do your headrails accept? vertical blind vane slat standard width size three and one half inches\n\nA: All of our headrails are for standard 3 ½” vanes.\n\nQ: Are mounting brackets included with my order?\n\nA: Yes, mounting brackets are included – choose either Outside Mount (wall mount), or Inside Mount (ceiling mount).\n\nQ: When my vanes are attached to your headrail, how much further down will they hang? Gap-HR-to-Vane\n\nA: They will hang down an extra 1 ½”, which is fairly standard.  Mounting brackets add an extra 1/8” to how far the vanes will hang, which is also fairly standard.  This size can vary slightly, so please allow for 1/8″ tolerance.\n\nQ: What is the difference between Inside and Outside mount?\n\nA: The differences are; with Inside Mount we send brackets that mount up into a frame, or ceiling. With Outside Mount we send brackets that allow mounting on a wall.\n\nQ: Do I need to tell you how many vanes I have?\n\nA: No, we will build your headrail with the standard amount of vanes based on the width of the headrail. To see how many vanes that will be, go to any product page and click on the Vane Carrier Charts tab.\n\nQ: What vane hole size / shape is needed for my vanes to attach to the vane carriers on your headrail?\n\nvertical blind vane slat mounting holes size shape and measurements\n\nA: Our vane carriers (on the headrail) are standard and require a standard rectangle hole found on most vertical vane slats. The hole is approximately 1/4″ from top and is 5/16″ wide and 1/8″ high.  Slight variations within 1/16th of an inch, either way, are acceptable.\n\nQ: Do I need to tell you what side I need the control on?\n\nA: No, our headrails are the same on the front and back face, so they can be installed either way.\n\nQ: What is the difference between the Super-Vue and the Ultra-Vue headrail? G71---G98-Diffs-SM\n\nA: Both are high quality headrails from Graber. The main differences are, the Super-Vue has a bigger rail and components and is considered more commercial. The Ultra-Vue is slimmer, with a tighter carrier stem spacing for maximum view when vanes are drawn open.\n\nQ: Can I order a headrail that stacks to one side, and have the control on the other?\n\nA: Yes, we can do that!  It’s called a reverse, or opposite stack. It is fairly rare, so that’s why we don’t put it in the order process. Under the order options on each headrail order page, you will make the Control Side opposite from the Vane Stack Location.\n\nQ: Can I order the controls different that your standard choices?\n\nA: Yes! Please include a note under ‘Order Notes’ during the checkout process.\n\nQ: Will my existing valance fit on your headrail?\n\nA: If you have a standard Channel Panel Valance, or a Dust Cover Valance, we offer valance clips you can purchase at the time you order for our Standard Headrail. For the Super-Vue and Ultra-Vue headrail, we send out appropriate valance clips based on the type of mount.  (Dust cover clips for Outside Mount / Channel Panel clips for Inside Mount). In either case, we DO NOT guarantee that any of these clips will attach to your valance. If you have any questions or need mounting advice, please send us pictures and your questions by visiting out Contact Page – CLICK HERE\n\nIf you need other blind parts, please visit Fix My Blinds – CLICK HERE\n\nProduction / Shipping Questions\n\nQ: How long will it take to receive my headrail?\n\nA: Once the order is placed, you can expect to receive your headrail in 7 – 14 business days. For more shipping information, click here.\n\nReturn / Replace /  Warranty Questions\n\nQ: What is your return / replacement policy?\n\nA: We have a straightforward return / replacement policy along with a generous policy for mis-ordered items. Please click here to view our return policy.\n\nQ: Do your headrails have a warranty?\n\nA: Yes, they do! Please click here to view our warranty.\n\nOperation / Install Questions\n\nQ: How do I keep the slats on my vertical blind from becoming mis-aligned?\n\nA: Always remember to tilt the slats open before you retract your vertical blind. Also, it’s important to keep the blind open when the door or window is open.  If it’s left closed, the wind can catch it and break or mis-align slats.\n\nQ: How do I remove the vanes on my vertical blind? How to Remove Vertical Blind Vanes Example\n\nA: Follow this process:\n\nQ: What tools do you recommend for ordering and mounting a headrail?\n\nA: Basic household tools are needed such as; a steel tape measure, a screwdriver set, a cordless drill and a drill / driver set, fasteners to attach the brackets, and wall anchors (if needed).\n\nQ: How do I install my new headrail? new-gv-logo-xsm\n\nA: You can find all of our instructions here.\n\n\nTo order other blind parts and string, visit Fix My Blinds by clicking on the logo below:\n\nFixMyBlinds Logo\n\n\n\n\nTo order other blind slats and valances, visit Blind Slats by clicking on the logo below:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5086485147476196}
+{"content": "Small Group Questions – What if Jesus hadn’t risen from the dead?\n\nIf you had to choose a car to describe your life, what would it be and why?\n\nAs a group take turns to read 1 Corinthians 15:12-34\n\n\nDiscuss each of John’s closing summary statements…\n\nBecause of Christ’s resurrection preaching is productive.  Lives are changed by the truth being proclaimed\nCan you think of examples of this from your own life or from people you know? Share examples.\nAre there situations where lives are not changed? Why may this be?\n\nBecause of Christ’s resurrection faith is founded upon that historical reality. The tomb was empty\nDoes the empty tomb have impact on you?\nDo your friends or other people oppose this fact? If so, how do you deal with this opposition? How do you do so lovingly, graciously and yet with firm belief?\n\nBecause of Christs resurrection Faith is not a leap into the unknown. Rather, faith is believing in the historical fact of the resurrection – our faith is not useless\nWhy would faith be useless without the resurrection?\nDo you face cultural opposition to what people see as blind faith? How do you overcome this opposition?\n\nBecause of Christ’s resurrection sins are forgiven. The Bible teaches that the wages of sin is death (cf. Romans 6:23). Forgiveness of sins, and therefore reconciliation with God the Father, is only possible because of Christ’s resurrection.\nDo you believe that sins are forgiven? How do you share the importance of forgiveness and the fact of sin to people who have no Christian heritage?\n\nBecause of Christ’s resurrection people are saved.\nPause and give thanks to God for this. Take a moment to pray, look back at the previous statements and give thanks for the resurrection\n\nBecause of Christ’s resurrection we have hope not only in this life but also for all eternity. The Apostle Paul said to the Romans, “For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 6:23).\nDiscuss this free gift. What are the reasons that people may not accept it? Consider how you treat this gift and what that says to other people around you. Share with the group.\n\nGive thanks again for Jesus and for the resurrection. Pray for opportunity to share the free gifts of forgiveness, reconciliation and eternal life. Pray for sensitivity and firm faith as you do so.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9534125924110413}
+{"content": "Your wellbeing in mind & Norfolk and Suffolk NHS\n\nBipolar Disorder: Do you recognize your mood changes?\n\nBy LaRae LaBouff@LaRaeRLaBouff\n\nOne of the best ways to manage treatment for bipolar disorder is symptom awareness. Basically, if you know you are experiencing symptoms, you’re better able and more likely to seek treatment. It makes sense. If you don’t recognize there’s a problem, there’s not really a reason why you would seek help. That’s why it’s incredibly important for people with bipolar disorder to track behavior on a daily basis. If you do this, it’s easier to recognize when a pattern change happens and you can act accordingly.\n\nA cursory glance at bipolar disorder may give the impression that there isn’t a whole lot to it other than simply being manic or being depressed, but there’s a lot more to it than that. Bipolar disorder is incredibly complex and often misunderstood. It’s this misunderstanding by both patients and physicians that leave a patient undiagnosed for years. In fact, the average time it takes from first presenting symptoms to achieving diagnosis is ten years.\n\nThis is why, once you do have the diagnosis, it’s important to pay attention and learn all you can about your particular brand of bipolar disorder.\n\nHow long do your depressive episodes usually last?\nDo you experience hypomania, mania or both?\nAre there changes in your behavior before you become manic or depressed?\nWhat kinds of things trigger your depression?\nWhat can trigger your mania?\nIs there a time of year when you’re more susceptible to triggers?\nThese are all important questions about your bipolar disorder in general. Knowing the answers can help you better manage your symptoms overall and possibly keep you in a high-functioning state. However, there are more subtle traits of bipolar states that, when recognized early, can help keep symptoms at bay or at the very least can let you know when you need to seek help. Some of these questions were posed to a group of bipolar disorder patients to see what level of insight they had about their disorder.\n\nHave you noticed a particularly depressive or irritable mood?\nAre you gaining or losing weight?\nHow are you sleeping?\nIs your energy level higher or lower than normal?\nAre you withdrawing from friends and family or do you find yourself being more social?\nAre you more easily distracted?\nHave you been feeling useless or hopeless?\nAre you taking care of yourself?\nHow are your relationships going?\n\nKeeping track of these questions can make it easier to recognize when you’re headed into either a depressive or manic state. With depression, symptoms are usually recognized as detrimental fairly quickly, especially when you’ve been dealing with bipolar disorder for a while.\n\nWith mania, however, we’re less likely to recognize it’s happening. This is especially the case when mania makes us feel good. You can feel on top of the world with loads of energy and nothing to lose. This sounds great until you get into the consequences of feeling that you’re invincible. These consequences can run from monetary to social and even physical harm. It’s also during phases like this that patients tend to stop treatment. Stopping treatment can have serious short and long-term consequences. Abruptly stopping medication can bring back symptoms with a vengeance. It can also make you incredibly sick.\n\nThis is why it’s especially important to try to keep ahead of your symptoms. Make a plan with your doctor ahead of time to determine what actions you need to take, whether it’s changing your daily routine to make it less stressful or a change in medication dosage. When you know what’s coming, you can be better prepared.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9374714493751526}
+{"content": "Mercedes-Benz, the company that invented the diesel car, is debuting a new diesel-powered car for the U.S. market. The company will market the E320 CDI as a fuel-efficient diesel version of its successful E-Class sedan. The E320 CDI is scheduled to make its market introduction in the U.S. this spring as a 2005 model. The new high-torque diesel engine is quiet, fuel-efficient and has lower exhaust emissions than previous diesels, Mercedes Benz said. The turbo-charged six-cylinder powerplant will feature full electronic fuel injection, considered technically impossible on a diesel until only a few years ago. CDI stands for “common-rail direct injection” — a term denoting the fuel line loop supplying constant, very high fuel pressure (up to 23,000 psi) to each of the six solenoid injector valves. Relying purely on the heat of highly compressed intake air to ignite the fuel, diesel engines operate without spark plugs or other ignition parts. The leap to electronic fuel injection means that the E320 CDI engine can be cleaner, quieter and more powerful than conventional mechanically-injected diesel engines, Mercedes Benz said. Diesel powerplants inherently produce 20 to 30 percent lower carbon dioxide emissions and significantly lower carbon monoxide than gasoline engines, but historically, diesels have produced more oxides of nitrogen and soot or particulates. However, with precise electronic control of fuel delivery, hand-in-hand with an oxidation catalyst, the E320 CDI can pass current 45-state emissions standards. When low-sulphur diesel fuel becomes available in the U.S. in late 2006, Mercedes-Benz engineers are optimistic that the CDI diesel can meet emissions standards in all 50 states. Mercedes-Benz debuted the world’s first diesel passenger car — the 260D — in 1936. On a global basis, diesel engines power about 40 percent of Mercedes cars around the world. In the 1980s, more than 75 percent of the Mercedes-Benz cars sold in the U.S. market were diesel-powered. But in the 1990s, diesel cars became a smaller and smaller part of the company’s product mix. Mercedes-Benz last offered a diesel car — the E300 Turbodiesel — in 1999. The E320 CDI gets 27/37 miles per gallon for city and highway driving, respectively, compared to the E320 gasoline engine fuel economy of 19/27, the company said. The CDI can reach 0-60 mph in 6.8 seconds (preliminary data), 0.3 of a second faster than the gasoline engine, Mercedes Benz said. The latest generation of electronically injected CDI engines is likely to change consumer perceptions about diesel engines. Electronic control of diesel fuel injection even makes it possible to soften the power pulses and help make the diesel nearly as quiet as a gasoline engine, even during idle conditions, the company said. CDI diesel technology is expected to help expand the company’s product portfolio in the U.S. market. In addition, Mercedes-Benz’s role in alternative powertrain development means that its modern diesel engine is likely to play a key role in the company’s future products that could include hybrids, fuel cells and advanced piston engines.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5842366218566895}
+{"content": "Why many parts of Nigeria are experiencing blackout – TCN\n\nThe Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) has explained the reason why many parts of the country are experiencing blackouts including that of Saturday.\n\nThe agency, which has the sole responsibility of transmitting generated power, said in a Sunday morning statement to PREMIUM TIMES that there were shortages in gas supply which led to a significant reduction in power generation and distribution.\n\nIt, however, said there was no total blackout.\n\nThe shortages affected over half a dozen power generating facilities across the country.\n\nNdidi Mbah, a spokesperson for TCN, said a gas pipeline rupture was reported by the Nigeria Gas Company (NGC) on June 15.\n\nShell Nigeria gas wells also developed a fault on June 16, causing a drop of 1,087 megawatts in national grid generation.\n\nThe situation has compelled distribution companies to embark on a “massive load-shedding nationwide’ in order to “maintain stability of the grid,” Ms Mbah said.\n\nPower stations that have been shut down to various faults include the Ihovbor, Azura Edo, Omotosho gas, Geregu gas, Olorunsogo gas, Sapele and the Egbin Power Station. Egbin generates 60 megawatts on each of its units, losing a total of 211 megawatts, the official said. The facilities are scattered across the country.\n\nAlso, Afam VI power station was shut down to enable Shell resolve the damage to its gas wells and be back online. The issue had been partially resolved and Shell was able to supply power to Afam VI, although at a low capacity for now.\n\nMs Mbah said efforts have intensified to avert a collapse of the system.\n\nLoad-shedding is a critical way of ensuring that available generation is equitably allocated to distribution companies nationwide, to create a balance and avert grid instability.\n\nMs Mbah said there was “no collapse of the grid as reported in the news.”\n\nThere were reports (not by PREMIUM TIMES) that there was total blackout on Saturday.\n\nNigeria with a population of 180 million has continued to generate only a fraction of the electricity it needs, a situation experts have long identified as a major hindrance to economic development.\n\nSome power distribution firms sent text messages offering apologies to customers for the massive power failure, which coincided with the first outing by the Nigerian national team at the ongoing World Cup in Russia.\n\nThe Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC) said it received less than 200 megawatts in power allocation on Saturday, a meagre quantity for its coverage area of Nasarawa, Kogi, Niger and the Federal Capital Territory.\n\nThe disruption comes six months after Nigeria suffered a total blackout due to a fire outbreak at a facility, a development that was acknowledged by Tunde Fashola, the Minister of Power, Works and Housing.\n\nNEVER MISS A THING AGAIN! Subscribe to our newsletter\n\n* indicates required\n\n\nNow available on\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9723562002182007}
+{"content": "Benevolent Bend\n\nPublish date:\nStory Image 4334\n\nThe seated forward bend Janu Sirsasana has tremendous physical benefits: It stretches the hamstrings, calves, and lower back; opens the hips and knees; enhances digestion and elimination. But its greatest gifts are often mental and emotional, boosting flexibility of mind as well as muscles.\n\nLike all other forward bends, Janu Sirsasana can be calming and restorative, slowing the heart rate and quieting the nervous system. But tight hips and hamstrings can make sitting on the floor difficult and bending forward seem impossible. To make this pose accessible in the beginning, you'll probably need props, typically a folded blanket to elevate the pelvis and a strap to catch the foot. It's perfectly normal to become impatient and frustrated with these modifications. But if, in your ambition to achieve the \"real\" pose, you haul yourself forward with your hands and strain to reach your toes, you'll risk injuring yourself.\n\nThis asana is about much more than stretching stiff legs and backs. Janu Sirsasana offers a profound lesson in truthfulness —a moral discipline called satya, one of five ethical behaviors, or yamas, outlined in the sage Patanjali's Yoga Sutra. An attitude of total honesty is critical in this pose of humility, which bows the head over the knee. Only by taking your ego out of the posture and being truthful about where you are can you progress safely and effectively. The rewards of its subtle twist are enormous; this asana helps cultivate patience, acceptance, and surrender and teaches the delicate art of letting go—of tension in the body and of striving in the mind.\n\nProtect Your Lower Back\n\nIn Sanskrit, janu means \"knee,\" and sirsa means \"head,\" which is why the posture is often translated as \"Head-to-Knee Pose.\" But \"this is very misleading,\" wrote the late yoga master Esther Myers in Yoga and You. \"When you are able to go forward fully, your head will go past your knee,\" and extremely flexible people will rest their faces on their shins. In his classic guide, Light on Yoga, B.K.S. Iyengar says to \"rest first the forehead, then the nose, then the lips and lastly the chin beyond the right knee. \" Richard Faulds addresses this confusion in his book Kripalu Yoga by calling the posture \"Chin-to-Knee Pose.\"\n\nThe name Head-to-Knee Pose suggests the head rests on the knee, which may cause students to round their low backs. \"Rounding your lower back puts hundreds of pounds of pressure on the discs between your lumbar vertebrae, \" writes Judith Hanson Lasater about the asana she calls \"Head-of-the-Knee Pose\" in her book 30 Essential Yoga Poses. \"It is very important that this movement be accomplished by tilting your pelvis forward and not by rounding your lower back.\"\n\nTo prevent lower back problems, remember that the neutral position for the lumbar spine is a concave arch. Keep this natural curve in the low back as you move into a forward bend, tilting the pelvis forward first and letting the spine follow.\n\nHeat Up\n\nSince Janu Sirsasana is both an intense stretch for the back body as well as a slight twist, it is generally practiced near the end of class, after the body is warmed up. Prepare with several rounds of Sun Salutations and continue with a standing pose that opens the hips, such as Virabhadrasana II (Warrior II); a standing twist, such as Trikonasana (Triangle Pose); and a standing forward bend, such as Prasarita Padottanasana (Wide-Legged Standing Forward Bend). Then sit and prepare the hips with Baddha Konasana (Bound Angle Pose) and energize the back with Bharadvajasana (Bharadvaja's Twist).\n\nSet up by sitting on the edge of a folded blanket and extend both legs straight in front of you. Use your hands to move the flesh away from your buttocks and plant your sitting bones firmly on the blanket. Bend your right knee and bring the heel of your right foot toward your left groin, placing it as high on the inner left thigh as you can . Allow your bent right knee to release away from your hip and drop toward the floor. If it doesn't reach the floor, place a block or folded blanket under the knee or thigh for support.\n\nSit tall, place your hands on your hips, and square them to the front of the room. Flex your left foot and extend through the heel, with the toes and knee pointing up to the sky. Release your pelvis down as you exhale and extend your spine up as you inhale. Keep this length in your spine as you bring your right hand to the floor behind you. Rotate your rib cage slightly to the left and bring your right hand to the outside of your left leg at the thigh, knee, shin, or wherever it comfortably lands.\n\nMind the Stretch\n\nInhale and lengthen your spine, then exhale and hinge forward from your hips by bringing your sacrum forward and drawing your pubic bone back. Be sure to keep the natural curve in your lower back as you gently slide your right hand down the outside of your left leg toward the pinkie toe. Maintain an attitude of honesty, curiosity, and cautious exploration as you take your left hand off the floor and your right hand off your leg and extend both arms toward your left foot. If you can't comfortably reach your foot, place a strap around it and hold on to each end. Keep your face and throat soft, shoulders relaxed, and neck in line with your spine as you slowly extend out over your left leg. Bend your elbows outward to keep your collarbones broad and to avoid collapsing the back.\n\nLet the sensation in the back of your straight leg determine how far you go in the pose. Keep the muscles of the straight leg engaged, drawing your kneecap and your quadriceps up toward your hips. Don't allow the straight leg to splay out to the left. As you approach an \"edge \" of resistance, stop, breathe, and invite your muscles to soften and release. Bring your attention to the wavelike action of the breath moving in your body. Notice how your torso rises slightly with each inhalation and relaxes with each exhalation, perhaps taking you just a little deeper into the pose— or not. Direct your breath into the back of your rib cage, your hamstrings, or wherever you feel any tightness.\n\nIf you can catch your foot without strain, bring the little-toe side of the foot toward you. As you continue to move deeper into the pose, invite your lower rib cage toward your thighs and continue to keep your head in line with your spine and keep your gaze soft. If possible, clasp your wrist beyond the foot. When you reach your full forward bend, stay where you are and breathe deeply for 10 breaths and try to let go of tension. To come out of the pose, bring your hands alongside your hips and lengthen back up slowly. Repeat on the other side. If you can sit upright and comfortably on the floor so that an imaginary line from the navel to the pubic bone is perpendicular to the floor, try the pose without sitting on a blanket.\n\nGo Deeper by Doing Less\n\nJanu Sirsasana is an eye-opening experience for many goal-oriented people, because it counters our tendency to \"give 110 percent.\" Simply put, you can't force yourself to relax. The harder you \"work\" at letting go, the less success you have.\n\nIt's great fun to watch the light bulb of recognition turn on as students make the profound discovery that the way to go deeper in this posture is to do less. Be honest about where you are in the moment, have patience, breathe, and let your body unfold. Recognize that the attitudes and practices you use to release the resistance in your hamstrings can help you let go of other unwanted tension in your life.\n\nCarol Krucoff is a registered yoga teacher and journalist in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. She is coauthor of Healing Moves: How to Cure, Relieve and Prevent Common Ailments with Exercise. Visit for more information.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9271037578582764}
+{"content": "66″ x 60″     24,857 brushstrokes     2010\n\nAnts, Breadcrumbs, Stigmergy, Subsumptive Architecture and\n\nComplex Adaptive System Simulations\n\nKirby’s initial impulse for this painting was to create an edgy, dark, intense experience. Swirling energy passing destructively through “pickup sticks” provided the initial imaginative spark.  And he wanted to continue evolving the complex adaptive behavior of the ants used in previous paintings and move them out of their 2D environment into a 3D world, an evolution akin to the ways Renaissance painters looked at perspective and made depth in their field.\n\n\nA scaled, clay model helped with the initial positioning for some of the uprights in the painting. Other timbers Kirby added stochastically, until the final composition emerged.\n\n\nThe foggy, misty sky and atmosphere using dark, ominous colors and lighting, called sfumato, comes from the realm of Renaissance techniques.\n\n\nFor the swirling energy at the center of the painting, Kirby wanted three-dimensional helical splines inside the mathematical cube. Next, Kirby inserted breadcrumbs in the cube along these spline lines for the ants to discover. Then he randomly dropped a colony of 10,000 ants in and allowed them to wander around three-dimensionally in this virtual world. When an ant discovered a bread crumb, it would deposit a pebble. To speed up the simulation of the ants’ work efforts, pheromones were added, an element which left a chemical trail, but which also decayed with time. Later, pebbles were collected and converted into brush strokes representing swirling flashes of energy.\n\n\nThe painting elicits emotion in the viewer and leaves a lingering trail of questions to keep the viewer engaged.\n\n\n\nCopyright © 2017  A. L. Productions, Inc.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9963003993034363}
+{"content": "\nWe would love your participation. But, we welcome your donation and are very much thankful for it. Click Here to pledge an amount and support Vibha’s cause.\n\nAre donations tax-deductible?\nYes. Receipts will be emailed right after you donate.\n\nHow does The Dream Mile run/walk work?\n\nHow long is the Run/Walk?\nThere is a 5K path, a 10K trail, a Half and Full Marathon route.\n\nCan my kids participate?\nYes. Given that Vibha’s vision is to provide a brighter future for underprivileged children, it makes perfect sense to get your children involved. However, parental discretion is advised for distances. And, of course, the Carnival provides a wide range of games and activities for children.\n\nWhat should I wear?\n\nIs the Run/Walk a race?\nYes, all runners are chip-timed. The timing for The Dream Mile is provided by a professional firm. Winners in each category will receive medals as prizes. However if you do not wish to run, you may still walk the trail at your own pace. We just request the “walkers” to please give way to the runners so they may be able to keep their timing.\n\nWhat happens if it rains on the day of the event?\n\nIs this Race stroller friendly?\nYes, you can bring your kids in the storller. However please be mindful of other runners and stay towards the side on the trail.Kids in strollers could have a bib but are not eligible for 1st, 2nd or 3rd place award.\n\nI cannot run. Can I just walk?\nYes, Dream Mile is walker friendly. We encourage all participants to train in an effort to complete the race within the race end time which is 1 PM.\n\n\nHow do I register for the Dream Mile?\nYou can register Register online or offline. Online regsitrations will start soon. For offline registration, see next question. If the event is not sold out, you may register at the venue on the day of the event.\nSend us an e-mail for more info.\n\nHow does offline registration work?\nFor offline registration, form will be available for download when we start registrations. Send the scanned copy of completed registration forms at\nOne of us from the team will contact you for payment options.\n\nPlease note that once online registration closes (Thursday 06/02 @ 11:59 pm), no offline registration forms will be accepted.\n\nCan I register/pay on the day of the event?\nIf you still want to, please plan to be at the venue early to complete registration and packet pickup.\n\nHow is the money raised through this event used?\nThe money through this event is used to directly fund child development projects. For more information on our projects, please visit our homepage\n\n\nWhat is a Pledge?\n\nHow can I raise pledges?\nPlease click here for more information. Then click the ‘Create a Campaign’ button on the right to setup your own pledge page.\n\nAre pledges a must?\n\nHow is the money raised through pledges used?\n\n\nWhat is the Carnival?\nThe Carnival is a fun-filled event for all ages, with various games and activities. It will include game stalls, face painting, mehndi and lots of other fun activities to provide a relaxing and festive atmosphere after the Walk. There will also be some entertainment and music for a post Walk celebration.\n\nWill there be food?\n\nIs this only for children?\nNo, The carnival is for everyone. However, most of the activities are geared toward children.\n\nAre there any kids activities planned?\nWe don’t have a 1.5 K walk for the kids. There will be lots of games after the walk to keep the kids occupied.\n\n\nHow many people will be there?\nWe expect around 1500 participants including children and 100+ other volunteers and spectators.\n\nCan I bring my pets for the race? How about if on a leash?\nWe are fond of pets but we will not allow them on the trail for the comfort and safety of other Dream Mile runners.\n\nWill photos be taken along the course and at the finish line? How do we receive it?\nYes, photos are taken along the course and at the start and finish line. Link to the pictures will be posted on after the race.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7359987497329712}
+{"content": "Most people understand the concept that if something corrodes it is gradually getting weaker. Thus, unchecked, corrosion is a risk to integrity and reliability of the item in question.\n\n\n\n\n\nCorrosion takes many forms and manifests itself in different ways. However, Axiom Mechanical can access a range of codal techniques to determine if something can tolerate the corrosion damage or if it needs repair.\n\nPitting assessments of pipelines, vessels and storage tanks is a common area of expertise.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8573251366615295}
+{"content": "Compare and contrast two theories of intelligence\n\nThis digest discusses the origins of gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, his definition of intelligence, the incorporation of the theory of multiple intelligences into the classroom, and its role in alternative assessment practices. Theories of intelligence theories of intelligence, as is the case with most scientific theories, have evolved through a succession of paradigms that have been put forward to clarify our understanding of the idea. The nature versus nurture debate is about the relative influence of an individual's innate attributes as opposed to the experiences from the environment one is brought up in, in determining individual differences in physical and behavioral traits the philosophy that humans acquire all or most of their behavioral traits from nurture is known. Two of the most recognized cognitive psychologists, jean piaget and lev vygotsky, developed theories that addressed cognitive development and learning among children and adolescents. That is, intelligence consists of two parts, the fluid intelligence and the crystallized intelligence the fluid is the biological aspect of intelligence and it is measured by calculating the speed of reasoning and memory capacity.\n\nCompare robert sternberg & howard gardner howard gardner and robert sternberg are experts in their field and there is a basic similarity between their theories in that they both believe in a broader definition of intelligence than traditionally recognized. Psychologists have long debated how to best conceptualize and measure intelligence (sternberg, 2003) these questions include how many types of intelligence there are, the role of nature versus nurture in intelligence, how intelligence is represented in the brain, and the meaning of group differences in intelligence. Shirley j caruso, edd jean piaget and lev vygotsky theories of constructivism two cognitive psychologists, jean piaget and lev vygotsky, developed theories of constructivism that addressed cognitive development and learning among children, adolescents, and adults.\n\n-author of a contemporary theory of multiple intelligences consisting of eight separate kinds of intelligence -multiple intelligences - several independent mental abilities that allow a person to solve problems, create products that are valued within one's culture. Summary: carol dweck and others have identified two implicit theories of intelligence those learners who have an entity theory view intelligence as being an unchangeable, fixed internal characteristic. Theories of intelligence a typical dictionary definition of intelligence is the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge intelligence includes the ability to benefit from past experience, act purposefully, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.\n\nTheories of intelligence also form the basis of attempts to measure and quantify human ability and intellectual potential, with far-reaching implications for learning, program design, and team building, among countless other areas. Most theories view leadership as grounded in one or more of the following three perspectives: leadership as a process or relationship, leadership as a combination of traits or personality characteristics, or leadership as certain behaviors or, as they are more commonly referred to, leadership skills. Intelligence has been an important and controversial topic throughout psychology's history despite the substantial interest in the subject, there is still considerable disagreement about what components make up intelligence.\n\nCompare and contrast two theories of intelligence\n\nSpearman's two-factor theory of intelligence in 1904, charles spearman had developed a statistical procedure called factor analysisin factor analysis, related variables are tested for correlation to each other, then the correlation of the related items are evaluated to find clusters or groups of the variables. Recent intelligence scholarship, for example, has discussed theoretical issues relating to the definition of intelligence, the overall state of intelligence theory, obstacles to success in intelligence, and the politics of the cia. Cronbach's plea to unite the two disciplines of scientific psychology led, in part, to the development of cognitive theories of intelligence and of the underlying processes posited by these theories.\n\n  • Published: mon, 5 dec 2016 compare and contrast two theoretical views of intelligence gardner multiple intelligence theory and sternberg successful intelligence theory the two theoretical views of intelligence that are going to be focused on in this assignment are the howard gardner's multiple intelligence theory and robert j sternberg's successful intelligence theory.\n  • According to piaget's theory, there are two important processes that are characteristic of each of the stages of cognitive development: assimilation (transformation of the knowledge base in face of new information) and accommodation (child makes changes in his cognitive structure so the newly emerged things in child's life start to make sense.\n  • As i noted in the book, my model of emotional intelligence unpacks what gardner calls the intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences in my theory, self-awareness and self-regulation are the intrapersonal abilities, and empathy and social skill the interpersonal.\n\nBehavioural theory in contrast with trait theory, behavioural theoryattempts to describe leadership in terms of what leadersdo, while trait theory seeks to explain leadership on thebasis of what leaders are. One theory of intelligence states that there is one general school of thought and the other theory believes there are multiple schools of thought spearman's general ability, or a g factor, believe that this is the only factor that measures intelligence, whereas, gardner's multiple intelligence believes there are more than one factor (wade. His theory defines intelligence as the ability to solve problems, handle crises and produce something of value for one's culture according to gardner's theory, people are born with one of eight. How these influences affected the outcome of their theories finally this author will compare, and contrast the theories and point out where they are both similar and different jean piaget -()18961980.\n\ncompare and contrast two theories of intelligence Add text, web link, video & audio hotspots on top of your image and 360 content. compare and contrast two theories of intelligence Add text, web link, video & audio hotspots on top of your image and 360 content.\nCompare and contrast two theories of intelligence\nRated 4/5 based on 14 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.986301839351654}
+{"content": "Find Your Way Around Our Site\n\n\nTravels To Distant Places\n\nThe Sierra Western & Santa Fe RR\n\nOur email addresses\n\n\nmarycairox.jpg - 13K\nMary posing with The Sphinx and two of the three Pyramids at Giza, near Cairo. The pyramid on the right is the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the largest in Egypt, and one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The other is the Khafre Pyramid.\n\nThere are over 90 known pyramids in Egypt.\n\nIn 1257 BC Pharaoh Ramses II (1279-13 BC) had two temples carved out of solid rock at a site on the west bank of the Nile south of Aswan and known today as Abu Simbel. The site had been sacred to Hathor of Absek long before Ramses II. The temple that Ramses built, however, was dedicated to the sun gods Amon-Re and Re-Horakhte. Because of their remote location near the Sudanese border in southern Egypt, the temples were unknown until their rediscovery in 1813.\n\ntempelabusimbelx.jpg - 18K\n\n\ntempleabusirx.jpg - 12K\nThe 5th-dynasty\n(c. 2465-c. 2325 BC) pyramids at Abu Sir were poorly constructed and are now in a state of disrepair. The adjoining mortuary temples are notable for their elaborate sculptured wall reliefs and columns in the forms of palm, lotus, and papyrus plants. Near their pyramids a number of the kings, including Userkaf and Neuserre, built sanctuaries with obelisks dedicated to Re, the sun god.\n\nWhen the Great Pyramid was first built it was cased in white limestone and capped with a gilded capstone.\n\nTemple Hathour at Dendera was first initiated by Ptolemy III with numerous additions by subsequent Roman Ptolemaic rulers. The Ptolemaic period (305 - 30 BC) refers to the period of time in which Egypt was ruled by a succession of fifteen Hellenistic rulers all sharing the name of Ptolemy. Many Egyptian temples, including those at Dendera, Edfu, Esna and Kom Ombo were either rebuilt, repaired or newly founded during this period.\n\ntemplehathourx.jpg - 11K\n\nThe oldest know pyramid still standing, the Step Pyramid at Saqqara, was built over 4,600 years ago.\n\ntemplehatshepsutx.jpg - 23K\nInspired by a funerary temple of the Middle Kingdom built by King Mentuhotep (XIth dynasty), the architect of Queen Hatshepsut (XVIIIth dynasty), Senenmout, built one of the most beautiful monuments of ancient Egypt, the style of which was never repeated. It consists of a succession of terraces whose supporting walls are masked by long colonnades divided in the centre by monumental access ramps. On the second terrace a third portico gives entry to a courtyard leading to the sanctuary, which is cut out of the cliff.\n\n\nDedicated to Horus, the falcon headed god, the Temple of Horus was built during the reigns of six Ptolemies, begun in 237 BC by Ptolemy III Euergetes I and finished in 57 BC. This is not only the best preserved ancient temple in Egypt, but the second largest after Karnak. Current belief is that the original structure housing a statue of Horus on this site was a grass hut built in prehistoric times.\n\ntemplehorux.jpg - 15K\n\nIt took 100,000 people working over a twenty year period to construct the Great Pyramid at Giza, the largest ever built.\n\ntemplehoru1x.jpg - 20K\nRick, Mary, one of our guides, and Bonita at the Temple Horus. We are at the entrance to one of several Hypostyle Halls (a Greek term for a room or chamber that has many columns). This type of hall design became a common feature of Egyptian architecture.\n\nA road of polished stones was built in order to slide the huge blocks to the site of the Great Pyramid. This road alone took ten years to build.\n\nThe Temple of Karnak is actually three main temples, smaller enclosed temples, and several outer temples. This vast complex was built and enlarged over a thirteen hundred year period. The three main temples of Mut, Monthu and Amun are enclosed by enormous brick walls. The main complex, The Temple of Amun, is situated in the center of the entire complex. The Temple of Monthu is to the north of the Temple of Amun, while the Temple of Mut is to the south. These are the remains of the twelve columns which supported the 82 foot high ceiling of the great Hypostyle Hall.\n\ntemplehkarnakx.jpg - 22K\n\nOrientation was very important to the Ancient Egyptians. The east signified rebirth while the west signified the empire of the dead.\n\ntemplekomobo1x.jpg - 19K\nTemple Kom Ombo, dating to the Ptolemies, is built on a high dune overlooking the Nile. The actual temple was started by Ptolemy VI Philometor in the early second century BC. Ptolemy XIII built the outer and inner hypostyle halls. The outer enclosure wall and part of the court were built by Augustus sometime after 30 BC, and are mostly gone. There are also tombs from the Old Kingdom in the vicinity of Kom-Ombo village.\n\n\nUnique to Kom Ombo, everything is duplicated along the main axis. There are two entrances, two courts, two colonades, two hypostyle halls and two sanctuaries. There were probably even two sets of priests. Here Mary and Rick are standing in the left, or northern side, which is dedicated to Haroeris (sometimes called Harer, Horus the Elder) who was the falcon headed sky god and the right to Sobek (the corcodile headed god).\n\ntemplekomobo2x.jpg - 17K\n\nBeneath the rubble of five progressively younger temples at Tell Ibrahim Awad in the eastern Nile Delta are ruins of the oldest-known temple in Egypt which dates back to 3,400 BC.\n\ntemplekomobo3x.jpg - 24K\nKom Ombo is actually two temples consisting of a Temple to Sobek and a Temple of Haroeris. In ancient times, sacred crocodiles basked in the sun on the river bank near the top of the photo. The Temple has scant remains, due first to the changing Nile, then the Copts who once used it as a church, and finally by builders who used the stones for new buildings.\n\nOne of the most mysterious places in ancient Egypt was the inside of a temple. Temples were the homes of the gods and goddesses and very few people were allowed to see the inside.\n\nMany festivals were celebrated in Thebes. The Temple of Luxor was the center of the most important one, the festival of Opet. Built largely by Amenhotep III and Ramesses II, it appears that the temple's purpose was for a suitable setting for the rituals of the festival. The festival itself was to reconcile the human aspect of the ruler with the divine office. During the rituals the king and his ka (the divine essence of each king, created at his birth) were merged, the king being transformed into a divine being. The crowd outside, anxiously awaiting the transformed king, would cheer wildly at his re-emergence. This solidified the ritual and made the king a god.\n\ntempleluxorx.jpg - 18K\n\n\ntemplesakarra1x.jpg - 27K\nAcross the Great Court of the Pyramid Complex of Djoser at Saqqara stands the Step Pyramid, the only pyramid of this type completed. This complex represents the first major work in stone, making this one of the oldest of over 90 pyramids in Egypt. It was constructed during the reign of King Djoser (2630 BC-2611 BC), the second king of the 3rd Dynasty.\n\nThe first tombs of the pharaohs were large, unimpressive, bunkers called mastabas. They were made from sun dried mud brick and most have long since crumbled to dust.\n\nEast end of the Valley of the Kings near where Tutankhamun's Tomb is located. Beginning with the 18th Dynasty and ending with the 20th, the kings abandoned the Memphis area and built their tombs in Thebes. Also abandoned were the pyramid style tombs. Most of the tombs were cut into the limestone following a similar pattern: three corridors, an antechamber and a sunken sarcophagus chamber. These catacombs were harder to rob and were more easily concealed.\n\nvalleykingsx.jpg - 18K\n\nHere Are More pages with images of Egypt!\n\negyptbutton.jpg moreeqypt.jpg egyptpeople.jpg templepainting.jpg\n\nHomepage  |  Travels To Distant Places  |  The Sierra Western & Santa Fe RR  |  Our email addresses", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9287520051002502}
+{"content": "GIS Analysis  \nRepresenting the Environment on All Scales  \nline decor\nline decor\n\n\nUsing geostatistics to uncover what the tabular data cannot see\n\nThe spatial statistics tools in ESRI's ArcGIS facilitate an exploratory technique to examine the distribution and pattern of various geographic phenomena and events.\n\nDuring a six week period in the summer of 2001, dengue fever spread through Pennathur, India. The disease was transmitted by mosquitoes resulting in 294 people contracting the dengue fever. In this example, we will explore how the disease spread through the village and if there are any statistically significant patterns and distrubutions.\n*Adapted from Introduction to Spatial Statistics for ArcGIS, Exercise 10, ESRI copyright 2007\n\nAnalysis Procedures\n\nGather raw spatial data and look at it\nConduct Directional Distribution analysis\nCalculate weighted cases\nConduct Hot Spot analysis and clustering\n\nBased on plotting the raw data, it is clear where the cases of dengue fever occurred, but no patterns jump out that allow us to make any conclusions about how the disease spread throughout the village. Using the Average Nearest Neighbor statistic (global statistic) reveals that the house clustering is statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level. In other words, we are 99% confident that the clustered pattern of the houses is not random. We conduct the same Average Nearest Neighbor statistic on the dengue fever data which reveals that the dengue is more tightly clustered than the houses. From this analysis, we can conclude that there are underlying spatial processes at work which increase the risk of contracting dengue for individuals in contact with those already infected.\n\n\n\nThe rotation field in the attribute table provides the axis direction by week. The Directional Distribution tool provides an indication of the direction of the disease movement.\n\n\n\nA weighted data analysis is conducted to determine the number of the cases by house.\n\n\n\nConducting a Hot Spot Analysis reveals a statistically significant clustering of dengue fever cases in the eastern portion of the village. Further analysis could help determine the cause of the outbreak. Determining the age group affected, building materials, and stagnant water may provide additional insight.\n\n\n\nGeostatistical analysis is a useful modeling tool to interpolate a continuous surface (e.g., a landscape). This type of analysis could model the effects of an oil spill or a toxic plume emitted from an energy plant. An application such as used in the example above would be invaluable to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) to track reports of an outbreak, such as the Swine Flu virus.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9759297966957092}
+{"content": "Write a story using the first 20 digits of pi\n\nIdiota, re idiota, sabe que sus encantos son ya latosos decimales.\n\nFirst n Digits of Pi\n\nIt can only be for the challenge itself. In addition, there are several nonfolklore verses that simply rhyme the digits of pi \"as is\"; for examples, see the Russian version of this article.\n\nWhat about the word lover? This method has been used in Britain too, although it is now far less popular.I know the following and remember it perfectly. For me, your problem had equal advantages. How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics, and if the lectures were boring or tiring, then any odd thinking was on quartic equations again.\n\nFor example, to 31 decimal places: Akira Haraguchi has recited pi todigits his feat has not yet been recognized by Guinnessand he did it by taking advantage of the structure of Japanese words, which can be broken down into strings of a limited set of syllables.\n\nFortunately a zero does not occur in pi until the thirty-second place. World record holder Chao Lu has recited it to 67, digits without an error. Telephone Number Mnemonics American visitors to Fun-with-words.\n\nMultitudes of the digits of pi are unnecessary and idle for me. Now, I wish I could recollect pi.\n\nRemember the First 100 Digits of Pi Using This Basic Technique\n\nOne gentleman, Hiroyuki Goto, recited no less than 42, digits of pi from memory in Not too much to hold onto there: This longer one, giving fifteen decimal places of pi, is popular with students: There is another phrase known in Romanian that will help to memorize the number by eight decimal places: To aid this system, the buttons on telephones are marked with letters too, as shown on the right.\n\nA more usual technique used by British companies for making telephone numbers memorable is to have a numerically very simple number such as or 45 45 A more modern rhyme is: Looser English translation that encodes pi: This way, a far larger number of words can be converted into strings of numerals.\n\n\nHow I like a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics. Several people have come up with ingenious methods of overcoming this, most commonly using a ten-letter word to represent zero.\n\nThere are many stories and poems crafted in this way, and at least one encoding over digits of pi. This is especially easy in Japanese because there are two or three ways to pronounce each digit, and the language has relatively few phonemes to begin with.\n\nHow to Memorize Pi if You’re a Word Person\n\nThere is the little rhyme to aid the memorisation of twenty-one digits of pi: This simple one gives pi to seven decimal places: Pi enthusiasts have performed amazing feats of memorization, reciting the number to thousands of digits.\n\nThis is much easier to remember than \"Call \". The most common type of mnemonic is the word-length mnemonic in which the number of letters in each word corresponds to a digit. In the USA many companies advertise their telephone numbers with words.\n\nAn interesting not math themed alternative: Long ago, mysterious, a problem blocked All the honorable process, the great work That Pythagoras revealed to the Ancient Greeks.\n\nLet us not wait for a miracle. There is a problem with this type of mnemonic that does not affect the above examples. Form a triangle to which it is equivalent? I even idolize with the mermaids so much faith!\n\nJapanese has a limited but large set of syllables, about There are other techniques that allow more freedom of expression on the language side.I speak, of course, of piphilology — the ancient and unappealing art of memorizing pi into the hundreds, even thousands, of digits.\n\nThe current world-record holder, Lu Chao, reached 67, One less ambitious gentleman will recite the first 4, at pizza joint District of Pi this afternoon. and many people have tried to memorize digits of pi for fun. One fun way to memorize the first few digits is to use sentence mnemonics for pi phrases in which the number of letters of each successive word corresponds to a digit of pi.\n\nThe short story \"Cadaeic Cadenza\" records the first digits of such as this poem which gives the three and the first 20 decimal digits, use the separation of the poem's title and main body to represent the decimal point: Pie (10 decimal places) - \"Who out of will and mind shall wish to write the digits of Pi.\n\nCreated for Geometry Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.\n\nBevor Sie fortfahren...\n\nMnemonic Techniques for Numbers We use numbers every day of our lives. From telephone numbers and social security numbers, to airline flight numbers and order numbers. There is the little rhyme to aid the memorisation of twenty-one digits of pi: Now, I wish I could recollect pi.\n\n\"Eureka,\" cried the great inventor. There are many stories. Mar 11,  · so it's Pi week and we have to do these assignments. one of them is writing sentences using Pi or a long sentence using Pi.\n\nI have to write a sentence using the FIRST 20 digits in Pi: ex: Yes, i have a donut is using please help!!\n\nthanks!!Status: Resolved.\n\nWrite a story using the first 20 digits of pi\nRated 4/5 based on 74 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6704989671707153}
+{"content": "49frezhgeu14tjcjnmlatrfoze9g4iy Symphony 46 - 2nd movement by Haydn\nroyalty free musicdownload musicinstrumental musicoperaorchestrasymphonyconcertochoir\nClassical MusicRoyalty FreeHomeAffiliatesSearchContact UsYour BasketRoyalty FreeClassical Music\nRoyalty Free Classical Music\n\nmy account\n\nClassical Film Music CDs\nFilm Music Production Library\n\nRoyalty-Free Music Explained\n\n1. Pachelbel\nPachelbel canon\n2. Handel\nArrival of the Queen of Sheba\n3. Beethoven\nSymphony No.9 - chorale (4th movement)\n4. Mozart\nHorn Concerto KV495 3rd movement (Rondo)\n5. Wagner\nRide of the Valkyries\n6. Clarke\nTrumpet Voluntary\n7. Tchaikovsky\nDance of the sugar plum fairy (Nutcracker)\n8. Tchaikovsky\nSleeping Beauty - apotheosis\n9. Ravel\n10. Bizet\nPearl Fishers' duet\n\nListen to a sample of this track\nView more tracks\nSymphony 46 - 2nd movement\n\n\nPrice $37.00\nFranz Joseph Haydn[1] (March 31 or April 1, 1732 – May 31, 1809) was a leading composer of the Classical period, called the \"Father of the Symphony\" and \"Father of the String Quartet\".\n\nA life-long resident of Austria, Haydn spent most of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Eszterházy family on their remote estate. Being isolated from other composers and trends in music until the later part of his long life, he was, as he put it, \"forced to become original\".\n\n\nEvolution of Haydn's style\n\nTracing Haydn's work over the five decades in which it was produced (roughly, 1749 to 1802), one finds a gradual but ever increasing complexity and musical sophistication, which developed as Haydn learned from his own experience and that of his colleagues. Several important landmarks have been observed in the evolution of Haydn's musical style.\n\nIn the late 1760s and early 1770s Haydn entered a stylistic period known as \"Sturm und Drang\" (storm and stress). This term is taken from a literary movement of about the same time, though some scholars believe that Haydn was unaware of this literary development and that the change in his compositional style was entirely of his own making. The musical language of this period is similar to what went before, but it is deployed in work that is more intensely expressive, especially in the works written in minor keys. Some of the most famous compositions of this period are the \"Farewell\" Symphony No. 45, the Piano Sonata in C minor (Hob. XVI/20, L. 33), and the six string quartets of Op. 20 (the \"Sun\" quartets), all dating from 1772. It was also around this time that Haydn became interested in writing fugues in the Baroque style, and three of the Op. 20 quartets end with such fugues.\n\nFollowing the climax of the \"Sturm und Drang\", Haydn returned to a lighter, more overtly entertaining style. There are no quartets from this period, and the symphonies take on new features: the first movements now sometimes contain slow introductions, and the scoring often includes trumpets and timpani. These changes are often related to a major shift in Haydn's professional duties, which moved him away from \"pure\" music and toward the production of comic operas. Several of the operas, such as Il Mondo della luna (The World of the Moon), were Haydn's own work; these are seldom performed today. Haydn sometimes recycled their overtures as symphony movements, which helped him continue his career as a symphonist during this hectic decade.\n\n\n\n\nThe change in Haydn's approach was important in the history of music, as other composers soon were following his lead. Notably, Beethoven adopted the practice of taking his time and aiming high. As composers were gradually liberated from dependence on the aristocracy, Haydn's late mode of work became the norm in Classical composition.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9655110239982605}
+{"content": "H G Wells Quotes (40 quotations)\n\nIndex Page # 1 of 2 (Quotes : 1 - 25 )\n\n\n\n3. Advertising is legalized lying. - H G Wells\n\n4. Affliction comes to us, not to make us sad but sober; not to make us sorry but wise. - H G Wells\n\n5. Bah! The thing is not a nose at all, but a bit of primordial chaos clapped on to my face. - H G Wells\n\n6. Beauty is in the heart of the beholder. - H G Wells\n\n7. Cycle tracks will abound in Utopia. - H G Wells\n\n8. Every time I see an adult on a bicycle, I no longer despair for the future of the human race. - H G Wells\n\n9. Exuberance is beauty. - H G Wells\n\n10. Go away. I'm all right. - H G Wells\n\n11. Heresies are experiments in man's unsatisfied search for truth. - H G Wells\n\n12. Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe. - H G Wells\n\n13. I must confess that my imagination refuses to see any sort of submarine doing anything but suffocating its crew and floundering at sea. - H G Wells\n\n14. If we don't end war, war will end us. - H G Wells\n\n15. If you fell down yesterday, stand up today. - H G Wells\n\n16. In politics, strangely enough, the best way to play your cards is to lay them face upwards on the table. - H G Wells\n\n17. It becomes a bore doing imaginative books that do not touch imaginations, and at length one stops even planning them. - H G Wells\n\n18. Moral indignation is jealousy with a halo. - H G Wells\n\n19. No passion in the world is equal to the passion to alter someone else's draft. - H G Wells\n\n20. Non-violence is the policy of the vegetable kingdom - H G Wells\n\n21. Our true nationality is mankind. - H G Wells\n\n22. Religion is pickled God. - H G Wells\n\n23. Sailors ought never to go to church. They ought to go to hell, where it is much more comfortable. - H G Wells\n\n24. She could give herself up to the written word as naturally as a good dancer to music or a fine swimmer to water. The only difficulty was that after finishing the last sentence she was left with a feeling at once hollow and uncomfortably full. Exactly like indigestion. - H G Wells\n\n25. She writes like a loom, producing her broad rich fabric with hardly a thought of how it will make up into a shape, while I write to cover a frame of ideas. - H G Wells\n\nQuotes Index Pages : 1 | 2 | Next\n\nSearch by Author Last Name :\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9625699520111084}
+{"content": "Self Improvement Can Lead To The Life You Want\n\nTrying to grow through personal development may seem like a daunting task. Then you can research different methods that may work for you. Remember, not everyone is the same. Try to be aware of any opportunity for improvement. You can start by reading through the tips in this article.\n\n\nIn self improvement, when you avoid making a decision, you also avoid seizing an opportunity. Do not be afraid to make decisions, even if you are not as well-informed as you could be. Great decisions encourage sharp instincts. If you make a mistake, it is okay because you can learn from your mistakes. A wrong decision will help you choose the right path next time.\n\nHappiness is often lost to stress. While experiencing stress, our entire body is affected in both physical and mental ways. All of us need to have clear, relaxed thinking to enable us to plan and execute our life’s purpose, and this only happens when we let go of stressful thoughts. Make time in your schedule each day to take a few minutes alone and clear your mind. This time of refreshing can improve your overall peace and self-image.\n\nTIP! In personal development, when you avoid making a decision, you also avoid seizing an opportunity. Do not fear the decision making task.\n\nBe sure to read positive books on the subject of self improvement. Well written books on personal development will always spark new ideas and give suggestions on altering your life. When selecting a book, look for positive reviews so that you can have a better idea of the purchase you are about to make.\n\nBase your development plan on your values and goals. It makes no sense to concentrate on things that are at odds with what you value. When you change your attitude and perspective, difficult situations become easier to manage. If you do this, you are more likely to making lasting changes that will have an impact on you both personally and professionally.\n\nWrite a personalized affirmation. Write a list of each of your good points and attributes on an index card. Keep it handy, and when you need a little motivation, read it. You could even record yourself reading it or make a video. How will this help with your self improvement?\n\nThere are things you can do throughout the day to accomplish more work while at your job. The simple trick is to take more breaks when you work. This might sound counterproductive, but breaks allow you to refocus and re-energize, allowing you to return and work more efficiently.\n\n\nEmergency Fund\n\n\nIt is important to keep in mind that everyone is different, so look through the advice in this article, and choose the things that you think will work for you. If you wish to succeed, it is wise to try to use this advice that you just read. If you know of anyone who could also pick up useful advice from this piece, pass it along and help them begin the journey to becoming a more well-rounded individual.\n\n\nTIP! Identify your personal values to help you determine your personal development plan. When you focus on things that don’t matter to you, your goals will never truly make sense.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9914494752883911}
+{"content": "Glucose intolerance in an employed population.\n\n  title={Glucose intolerance in an employed population.},\n  author={E Mikuni and T Ohoshi and Kazutaka Hayashi and Koichi Miyamura},\n  journal={The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine},\n  volume={141 Suppl},\nDifferences in glucose intolerance within various occupational groups, i.e. laborers, clerks, and managers, and the related environmental factors were studied in ca. 9000 male workers of a certain factory. Age-and weight-adjusted prevalence rates of glucose intolerance were 3.2% in the laborers, 5.8% in the clerks, and 9.3% in the managers. In the managers, the total intake of calories was excessive for the amount of exercise expended; food intake was relatively low in complex carbohydrates and… CONTINUE READING\n23 Citations\n0 References\nSimilar Papers\n\n\nPublications citing this paper.\nShowing 1-10 of 23 extracted citations\n\nSimilar Papers\n\nLoading similar papers…", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9688149690628052}
+{"content": "Roll over image to zoom in\n\nOuaiVOLUME Shampoo\n\nSIZE 10 oz/ 295 mLITEM 1802016\n5098 loves\n\n\nWhich hair type is it good for?\n✔ Straight\n✔ Wavy\n✔ Curly\n✔ Coiled\n✔ Tightly Coiled\n\nWhat it is:\nA shampoo that adds body and volume to fine hair as it cleanses.\n\nKey benefits:\n- Adds body and volume\n- Cleanses and energizes\n- Replenishes moisture\n\nIf you want to know more…\nThis body-building cleanser is infused with Ouai’s unique Smart Technology Complex™ to replenish moisture and lift strands, leaving hair looking fuller than ever.\n\nWhat it is formulated WITHOUT:\n- Parabens\n- Sulfates\n- Phthalates\n\nWhat else you need to know:\n\nThis product is ideal for those with flat, limp hair and is not tested on animals.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6962953805923462}
+{"content": "Raw thoughts from Alex Dong\n\nThe scapegoat theory of founder-investor relationship\n\nI have been puzzled by one phenomena for a long time. I found that the board/investors seems to be fond of the idea to kick out the founder. My biggest problem with this is this is almost like uprooting a tree and cut off the thickest root. I couldn’t understand how could this be a good idea at all.  Yesterday I finished class note from Peter Thiel’s  Class 18: Founder as Victim and Founder as God, which offers a perfect explanation.\n\nThe theory is as simple as this. The founder usually follows an inverted normal distribution where their personalities sit at the extreme ends of the spectrum.\n\nThis is the same as the main characters in history and mythology, like Oedipus, Achilles or Cessar.\n\nHuman’s history is filled of a cycle between peace and chaos. The invention of scapegoat makes that cycle complete.  The cultures that last long all, in one way or another, invented the sacrifice concept.\n\nWhen time gets rough, the founder, especially the single founder, becomes the easy target and the perfect candidate for a scapegoat.\n\nPeter also talked about whether it’s possible to delay or even avoid this process near the end of the article. His suggestions?\n\nFounders should think carefully about how to preserve the original founding moment for as long as possible. The key is to encourage and achieve perpetual innovation. It is very important to avoid, or at least delay, the shift to a horrible bureaucracy where no one can do anything and everyone is circumscribed.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9354677796363831}
+{"content": "A study of the behavior of darlene\n\na study of the behavior of darlene Darlene francis is an assistant professor in the university of california, berkeley, school of public health–division of community health and human development daniela kaufer is an associate professor in the department of integrative biology and the helen wills neuroscience institute at uc berkeley.\n\nResearch has indicated that siblings of deceased children demonstrate a variety of behavioral problems as a result of the death the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of selected factors and children's behavior during the first year following the siblings' deaths. Darlene clark hine (born february 7, 1947) is an american author and professor she is known for her expertise in the field of african-american history contents. Before a study or research could be conducted, all participants should be informed on the purpose of the research, what procedures are involved, benefits of the research and any risks related to the research.\n\nAdolescent exam 2 study study play darlene and geoff are both taking math classes at westgate high school darlene is in a class where her teacher is constantly doing hands on projects with the class shoplifted, and occasionally vandalized buildings during her youth, shara's behavior could best be described as adolescent-limited. Christie charles psyc 110 exam #2 study guide 1 the law of effect states that rewarded behavior is likely to recur it was first enunciated by this psychologist edward l thorndike 2 marlee was raped at gunpoint in a parking garage. The current study examined the relationships among conformity to feminine and masculine gender norms and alcohol-related outcomes (harmful drinking patterns, protective behavior strategy use, and sex-related consequences) among college women. Hudson, roshelle darlene, a descriptive study of the dekalb county department of family and children services' educational program and academic performance of youth in foster care from 2009-2010 (2011.\n\nThe study of how motor skills are learned, controlled and developed to assist people as they practice and experience physical activity motor behavior guides us in: - providing better situations for learning and practice. My favorite recent study topics: my favorite topic of study so far in the catch program was understanding dog behavior and body language i find myself continuously analyzing dog behavior and even admit to becoming much better at “reading” dogs. Motivation and self-regulation: a comparison of students with learning and behavior problems barbara m fulk barbara m fulk, phd, is an assistant professor in the department of special education at illinois state university.\n\nDarlene magito mclaughlin's 7 research works with 178 citations and 2,218 reads, including: positive behavior support darlene magito mclaughlin has expertise in psychology and education. Case study: use of stimuli for non-problem behavior, or prompt propranolol to reduce aggressive behavior in a the use of a replacement skill (eg, functional woman who is mentally retarded behavioral communication skills, relaxation skills) to prevent residential treatment, 5, 287–296 problem behavior from occurring. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a personal growth support group on the personal effectiveness (or self-efficacy) of a small group of returning female community college students. Their thinking and behavior revolve darlene: i swear that all the words you speak are the words that are inside of me too everything you have gone through i have a similar story codependency is a type of dysfunctional helping relationship where one person supports or enables another a study of the behavior of darlene person's a study of the behavior of darlene drug addiction dolphins.\n\nThe relationship between an organization's culture and its leadership, and the impact on employee performance and satisfaction by: darlene fowler a research paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements the purpose of this study was to determine the health of the. View homework help - darlene gutierrez week 2 from bshs 335 at university of phoenix running head: case study review 1 case study review darlene gutierrez bshs 335 april 15, 2015 monica minor case as well as understanding the client’s multicultural ethical behavior. Model appropriate behavior every day for the student, so that he/she can see what is expected of him/her (eg, role-playing by teacher and/or peers) 8 arrange parent conferences to discuss any factors that may be contributing to the student's problem in school (eg, sibling rivalry. In study 1, a descriptive assessment was carried out in which rapport was operationally defined, and good and poor rapport dyads consisting of staff members and participants were identified then, a functional analysis of each participant's problem behavior was conducted with respect to the interaction of two factors: quality of rapport and.\n\nThis study replicates ponemon's (1993a) study unobtrusive observation of actual behavior in a laboratory experiment is used to record behavior, which is then related to p-score on the dit the results confirm ponemon's (1993a) finding of a quadratic relationship. Developing and assessing the acceptability of an epilepsy first aid training intervention for patients who visit uk emergency departments: a multi-method study of patients and professionals (journal article. Darlene h anderson currently works at the center for the improvement of teacher education and schooling, brigham young university - provo main campus darlene does research in prevention and. Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animalsit assumes that all behaviors are either reflexes produced by a response to certain stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling.\n\nAs expected, the study of 8947 african american and white students found that being a male was associated with higher delinquent behavior scores. Study 116 development psych flashcards from lauren v on studyblue darlene is most likely to believe that he invariably ends up in a fight and leaves early mark's behavior is most typical of children raised by parents who are neglectful when attempting to explain why his son is so violent, cedrick says, he seems to have a. Epigenetics of personality traits: an illustrative study of identical twins discordant for risk-taking behavior zachary kaminsky , arturas petronis, sun chong wang, brian levine, omar ghaffar, darlene floden, anthony feinstein.\n\nDarlene mccown is an associate professor and associate dean for academic affairs and chandra sharma is a doctoral student at the univorcity of rochester school of nursing in rochester, new york. The relationship of the dit and behavior: a replication darlene d bay , assistant professor , robert r greenberg , associate professor university of maine. Behavior darlene e mccown oregon health sciences university clara pratt oregon state university, corvallis was a need for the present study of sibling behavior, which moved beyond description, controlled significant variables, and compared the behavior of the bereaved to standardized norms for children. Darlene has created additional workbook material that is designed to assist people in breaking the chains of addictive behavior darlene has personally been free and clean from drugs & alcohol for more than 22 years.\n\nA study of the behavior of darlene\nRated 5/5 based on 32 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8533077239990234}
+{"content": "Dollar rises above ¥107.50 on Fed rate hopes\n\nThe article reports the recent appreciation in the value of US Dollar compared to the value of Japanese Yen in response to the expectation of Interest rate hike by the Federal Bank of USA. The appreciation of US dollar was further attributed to the positive decrease in Unemployment figures.\n\n\nTopics include Currency Appreciation , Floating Exchange rate system and its advantages and disadvantages on domestic production and International Trade. Explain the effect of Interest rates on the Exchange rates using the changes in the Exchange Rate diagrams and the National Income equation .\n\n\nEvaluation will cover short term and long-term advantages and disadvantages of Currency Appreciation , Floating Exchange Rate system and its domestic producers, Current Account Deficit, Employment levels, Government Revenue and Economic growth in USA and Japan.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9417380690574646}
+{"content": "What is a normal force\n\nFree-body diagrams, Weight, and Normal force\n\n\nWe use the G-force to determine the axis of orientation, and can distinguish it from noise with the use of time averaging.\n\nTangential and normal components - Wikipedia\n\nAn the reading of the scale will correspond to the actual weight of the woman.\n\nThe normal force is the counter force to a mass pushing against a surface.This results in intermolecular forces which have a component tangential to the surface (the force of static friction.\n\nPhysicsLAB: Forces Acting at an Angle\n\nHe maintained that among other faculties of the Antis they had the ability to structurally strengthen and stabilize a normal force field by means of some sort of physical catalytic emanations.\n\nThe horizontal component of the normal force is shown in blue in the diagram above.Muscular Endurance - Muscular endurance is the duration a submaximal force may be held in a fixed position (Isometric), or the number of times a movement requiring a submaximal force may be repeated (Isotonic).The cabinet is not moving, but the surface molecules are displaced by microscopic amounts.Normal force is the force at which one surface is being pushed into another.When you are riding a Ferris wheel your acceleration is always inward but gravity is constant and downward.\n\nThe perpendicular component of the force of gravity is directed opposite the normal force and as such balances the normal force.\n\nDoes the Military Require Normal Color Vision?\n\nThis force is directly related to the force of gravity, as the third law of newton state that when a force is applied to an object it will react with an equal force in the opposite direction.The reason is that the resistive force of friction is a function of the normal or perpendicular force of the object on the surface.\n\nDefinition of Normal Force | Chegg.com\n\nOne is the normal force which is perpendicular to the surfaces.A ball rolling down a ramp still experiences a normal force that is perpendicular to the slope of the ramp.The parallel component of the force of gravity is not balanced by any other force.In fact, if the person stands on a scale inside the cabin of the Ferris wheel, the scale will read a larger value at the bottom than at the top.The only place you could possibly feel the most weight (normal force) is right at the bottom, because the normal force is not only accelerating you directly upwards but also has to.\n\nThe normal force is a type of contact force and its component is perpendicular to the surface of contact.In other words, it is a force that opposes the inward motion of two surfaces in contact.The force of gravity (red arrow) is balanced by the normal force (black arrow).If a small amount of force is applied to an object, the static friction has an equal magnitude in the opposite direction.But occasionally, we see the normal force acting horizontally, like if you lean some of.Sometimes operational or safety aspects of certain jobs necessitate that one distinguish between colors, especially those involving lights, flares and the like.\n\nAn arrow, with a name, length and direction is used to represent a force.The duration that a fixed percentage of maximum can be held is reasonably constant across individuals.Since this is the maximum angle at which the object will remain at rest, the friction force has reached it maximum value.Principles Whenever two surfaces are in contact there will be two forces between them.If a rock that weighs 50 newtons is lying on the ground, then the normal force is that 50 newtons of force.A Force diagram A force diagram is usually used to show the forces acting on an object.Using this, the formula can be used to find the magnitude of the force of kinetic friction.In physics, the normal force Fn (or in some books N) is the component, perpendicular to the surface of contact, of the contact force exerted by, for example, the surface of a floor or wall, on an object, preventing the object from entering the floor or wall.\n\nIt is denoted by the symbol It is developed when external loads tend to push or pull two segments of a body.\n\nmax - University Of Illinois\n\nOne can only say that the resultant force acting on a body at rest is zero.Brachial, carotid, dorsal pedal, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, radial, temporal.\n\n6. FORCE AND MOTION - II - University of Rochester\n\nThe normal force can exist even if the surface is not horizontal (or the floor).If you put a 500 g object on the scale what will be the normal.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9881051182746887}
+{"content": "American Eagle Outfitters logo\n\nAmerican Eagle Outfitters opened their first store in Kanton in 1996.\n\nIn July 2016, Kabushiki Gaisha ABS' rapid expansion into Kanton retail saw them acquire American Eagle and sister brand 77 Kids. Some of their stores started carrying 77 Kids clothing in a separate, dedicated part of their store.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9876973628997803}
+{"content": "4 2 follow the setting’s procedures for\n\nI have installed the mysql applications successfully in my mac but somehow i am not getting the ui at all do i have to install some supportive files for making it work or so can you tell me what procedure should i follow for it please give me in full details as i have not tried it before. By documenting the individual settings for each certificate template on a tab-by-tab basis, you can disaster recovery procedures: there are two methods to backup and restore the certification if you prefer to have system state backup, then you should consider applying the following hotfix http. Provide the codes for the following include any necessary modifiers catheter placement in venous coronary bypass graft for coronary angiography injection procedure for opacification of venous bypass graft and imaging supervision, interpretation, and report in physician-owned catheterization laboratory. The second sample demonstrates a more complex stored procedure it accepts an input parameter it involves creating a new oaconnection, creating an oacommand, setting the command text to the following code snippet shows how to execute the stored procedure and consume the result.\n\n4 2 follow the setting’s procedures for What is the enthalpy for the following reaction.\n\nThis is the second part of my two part guide on processing x-trans files in capture one in the first part i looked at changing the default settings and creating a user style to apply those settings in import i also looked at how to manage raw + jpeg pairs in capture one. The graylog-ctl script¶ some packages of graylog (for example the virtual machine appliances) ship with a pre-installed graylog-ctl script to allow you easy configuration of certain settings important graylog-ctl is only available in the virtual machine appliances, but not in the tar-ball (for manual setup. The following procedures taken from the quality control manual of a cpa firm, identify the applicable element of quality control from table 2-4 on page 38 a appropriate accounting and auditing research requires procedures to be undertaken by the reviewers are illustrated by the office review program.\n\nDo you have processes in process builder where only users of specific profiles will execute a specific action group imagine, as your salesforce org grows over time and new profiles are introduced or old profiles are deprecated or, for whatever reason, you had to temporarily remove one of the profiles. Open the layer labeling settings dialog for the places layer select the placement option from the options list click on the offset from point button in the label labelling settings dialog, choose the rendering option and select the merge connected lines to avoid duplicate labels: click ok. Section 2 altimeter setting procedures 7-2-1 general a the accuracy of aircraft altimeters is subject to the following factors c the adoption of a standard altimeter setting at the higher altitudes eliminates station barometer errors, some altimeter instrument errors, and errors caused by.\n\n4-2 setting up the aiming circle a the procedure for declinating the m2 compass from a surveyed declination station free from magnetic attractions is as follows. These diagnoses are most common in the lumbar region, followed by the cervical region when surgical intervention is necessary, minimally invasive decompression procedures are often as can be seen in chart 2, 601% of the procedures were performed in the outpatient hospital setting, while. Sales process step 2: qualify qualifying the leads in your pipeline means something completely different in outbound lead gen inbound (usually) qualifies the lead based on buyer profiles and leads interact with the brand (eg content engagement, call-to-actions, etc) outbound goes from unaware. Note: these procedures help you get started getting audio through your mixer's main output these instructions are to be followed first for proper gain structure before setting levels on other outputs for 16 with channel 1 selected, you can use the fat channel to add dynamics processing and eq.\n\n4 2 follow the setting’s procedures for\n\nI have seen customers facing issues while configuring the new features for process templates based on v42 after upgrading to tfs 2012 2 using witadminexe, import the following work item type definitions from the downloaded process template into each of your team projects that needs to be. If i kill the process, everything is fine can i prevent this process from ever starting the only related issue on community says that the process shuts down, not have you tried method 1 and method 2 from the link given in the post of yours i suggest you to turn off sync settings and check if it helps. One of android's biggest strengths relative to other mobile operating systems is how simple it is to sideload apps that aren't hosted on the google play store rather than having to go through complicated jailbreaking procedures.\n\nSection 42, setting up information in box 13 section 49, setting up dbas for year-end processing 41 understanding employee setup for us payroll year-end processing. This means that there will be procedures in place for a number of situations which may arise these include the following: accidents there should be enough first aiders in school or on a trip at any time to deal with accidents first aid boxes should be checked and refilled regularly, and there should be a.\n\nIp address settings (specifying the machine's ip address) specify the machine's network address and establish a connection to a computer on your network follow the setup procedure described here to set up the machine for printing and sending faxes from a computer. Are your employees setting goals they should goals boost engagement, increase retention, and improve efficiency when it comes to setting goals with your team, a good place to start is the smart system all goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-related. Credibility procedures for prospective experience rating 22 credibility procedure a process that involves the following: a the evaluation of subject experience for potential use expanded discussion of the use of credibility procedures by actuaries setting assumptions can be found in various.\n\n4 2 follow the setting’s procedures for What is the enthalpy for the following reaction. 4 2 follow the setting’s procedures for What is the enthalpy for the following reaction.\n4 2 follow the setting’s procedures for\nRated 4/5 based on 45 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9850296974182129}
+{"content": "Social is the essay by william shakespeare. Some of using humor to show that america has ever produced. Social criticism is a humorous exploration of creative writing. But why read the sun, speeches and what happened in a satire essay? Social criticism has always been there. Benjamin franklin is a summary of superior criticism has always played a modest proposal papers. But why read the benchmark for essay is a tramp abroad. You can see more. Benjamin franklin is a genre of superior criticism has always been there. See and what it is a yangon police station summons the being famous essay satire definition, thesis papers, etc. Learn exactly what it, containing, or characterized by william shakespeare. These essays have been there. Learn exactly what it means. You may also sort these by inducing a particular subject. Social criticism is a modest proposal papers. Benjamin franklin is one of the benchmark for essay is foolish, weak, ideally with satirical novels. It is land of literature, ideally with satirical definition, abuses, etc. But why read the awful german language is a summary of irony, containing, containing, term papers. Benjamin franklin is meant to show that they are one of creative writing. Benjamin franklin essays, reviews, speeches and performing arts, bad, etc.\nA central role in a genre of creative writing. You can see more. Satirical essays are written about a particular subject. Essays, and performing arts, in a satire essay by most relevant first ranked search. But why read the extraordinary story behind the use of what happened in exposing, essays have been there. Social criticism has ever produced. Essays are taught in which vices, research papers, begins sonnet 130 by william Social criticism is a way of oz the voice daily s always been there.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9974368214607239}
+{"content": "DACA: A Shared Responsibility to Act\n\nWhen I was in elementary school, my family moved from our home in Tennessee to Kentucky. My dad got a new job that paid more and opened up better opportunities for our family. Now, I am proud to call myself a Kentuckian. However, I wasn’t a part of the decision making process to make this move. It wasn’t my call to move to Kentucky—I was only a kid.\n\nImagine how different this situation would have been if my family had been crossing the border between countries, rather than between states - the ramifications change significantly. Imagine growing up under the constant threat of deportation, knowing that your future employment and educational opportunities would be severely limited, without the ability to obtain a driver’s license in many places. Imagine having to accept the consequences of a choice that you never had a say in making.\n\nOf course, in many ways these two situations could not be more different from one another. While in both situations the child is not responsible for the decision to move, the bearing of the future consequences that the move creates differ significantly between immigrant and nonimmigrant families. It is a complicated, difficult situation, but one that is familiar to thousands currently living in the U.S.\n\nFor the last 16 years, Congress has been debating what to do about this particular group of immigrants who came to the United States as undocumented minors. Since the first DREAM Act (Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors) was introduced in 2001, members of both parties have tried to navigate the choppy political and cultural waters of immigration policy to pass some sort of protections for these immigrants, who have become known as “Dreamers.”\n\nVarious bills related to this issue failed to pass for over a decade, eventually culminating in the failure to pass a version of the DREAM Act in 2010 by just a few votes in the Senate. After this failure, the Obama administration attempted to find a temporary solution through executive action, announcing the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program in 2012. The program sought to protect undocumented immigrants who had been brought to the U.S. as children and met certain criteria regarding education and criminal records from deportation.\n\nSince 2012, approximately 790,000 undocumented immigrants have been approved for the program, allowing them to enroll in college, obtain a valid driver’s license, be legally employed, and be relieved of the threat of deportation. The program does not provide a pathway to citizenship or full legal status, and must be renewed every two years. Recipients must also pay income taxes and a $465 fee to apply for renewal.\n\nThe program has been controversial, with many claiming it is an overreach of executive powers. Among the critics of the program is President Trump. Ending DACA was one of his first promises on the campaign trail. In his speech announcing his candidacy, he stated that he would “immediately terminate President Obama's illegal executive order on immigration..” upon his election. Although he repeated this promise throughout his campaign as part of his anti-immigration platform, DACA’s repeal took a backseat to more immediate and controversial actions.\n\nHowever, DACA was back in the headlines this Fall as President Trump weighed whether or not to end the program, prompted by the threat of a lawsuit by a group of state attorney generals. Despite the immediate dismantling of DACA being one of Trump’s original campaign promises, the president wavered on whether or not to follow through with this promise.He was reportedly conflicted about the decision, citing potential direct harm to DACA recipients and their families, as well as indirect harm to the US economy. This wavering reflects a constant tension for the Trump presidency between satisfying a far-right support base and dealing with the political realities of governing, in this case ending a relatively popular and successful program.\n\nOn September 5, 2017, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, one of the program’s fiercest opponents, announced that the Trump administration would end DACA. New applications will no longer be accepted, and current recipients whose protection ends before March 5, 2018 had until October 5 to renew their protection, creating a six month window before DACA recipients will begin to lose their protection. In the announcement, Sessions said that this window is in place to give Congress the opportunity to pass legislation that would create a permanent solution for Dreamers.\n\nWhy Congress Has a Responsibility to Act\n\nIn 2014, two years after the enactment of DACA, Center for Public Justice CEO Stephanie Summers made the case that the enactment of DACA upheld public justice. Summers argued that “Congress violates the standards of public justice when it promotes policies that ultimately interfere with families’ abilities to uphold their responsibilities by subsuming the right authority of the family to the false sovereignty claim of the state.” The executive branch had a responsibility to intervene, and found a way to do so in DACA.\n\nThose eligible for DACA’s protections did not come to the U.S. by choice, and it isn’t fair to hold them responsible for the decisions of others.They have established their lives in the U.S. and are contributing members of American society. The rule of law is important—justice depends on it. However, to deny these protections to those who meet the qualifications of DACA is to violate justice. True justice has the ends of human flourishing, rather than misdirecting its ends towards laws that hold people to unfair standards and deny them the opportunity to live flourishing lives.\n\nOpponents of DACA often argue that undocumented immigrants pose a threat to public safety,  that providing a pathway to citizenship will cost U.S. taxpayers significantly, and that giving legal status to undocumented immigrants will overcrowd the U.S. job market. However, these arguments do not hold up to scrutiny.\n\n\nStudy after study has shown that immigrants commit crimes at a lesser rate than non-immigrants, suggesting perhaps that they contribute to more safe communities. The argument that those receiving DACA’s protections make the U.S. less safe is simply not factually supported.\n\nThe elimination of DACA’s protections would also be a loss to the U.S. tax system, rather than a benefit. As the Cato Institute explains,\n\n\nWhile the notion that DACA is too costly to U.S. taxpayers if often cited as a viable reason for repealing DACA, it also is not factually supported.\n\nLastly, protecting DACA recipients and encouraging their employment in the U.S. would not cause fewer available jobs for American workers. Rather, if anything, this would boost the economy as a whole. DACA recipients are more educated than the average immigrant and, depending on the education requirements in the legislation, would add a sizable, young, well-educated, highly capable pool of workers and entrepreneurs to an aging U.S. population.\n\nThe utilitarian argument for protecting Dreamers is strong, but a moral case is equally compelling. A debate about the value of immigrants’ lives and whether they deserve the opportunity to pursue safety and flourishing for their families should not depend on their education or projected economic benefit. Further, Christians should keep this commitment at the forefront of the conversation surrounding immigration policy.\n\nAs the Center for Public Justice Guideline on Family states, “Government’s policies should aim to uphold the integrity and social viability of families.” Removing the protections and benefits of DACA violates this key responsibility of government. As a part of promoting a just society that respects the dignity of individuals and families, action needs to be taken to enshrine the protections of DACA into law.\n\nHow Congress Can Act\n\nThe most common argument against DACA is that it was an overstep of the executive branch of government, infringing upon the legislative branch’s authority to write and pass policy. However, Summers maintains that DACA is not an overstep of the executive branch, but rather that the Obama administration’s action to prioritize the enforcement of immigration law is an appropriate exercise of authority by the executive branch.\n\nEven so, with the Trump administration’s repeal of DACA, the question of executive overreach is no longer relevant. The question now is, what should Congress do?\n\nCongress should craft legislation that protects this group of immigrants from deportation and allows them to legally live, learn, and work in the United States. The structure of such a process could take many different forms, but will be necessary to effectively move our policy towards upholding the dignity of immigrants, respecting both the spirit and rule of law, protecting families, and showing mercy for individuals without control over their circumstances.\n\nThere are several legislative options being discussed, most of which include some kind of compromise where Republicans will agree to pass a more permanent version of DACA’s protections in exchange for additional resources towards border security. Concern over whether a bill will pass is a valid one, leaving DACA recipients unable to know when or whether they will be eligible for deportation after March.\n\nFor these immigrants, who have paid significant fees, enrolled in college, bought houses, and started careers and families, the waiting game can be cruel. As March approaches, the stakes for any legislation will only loom larger, adding pressure to an already high stakes situation. Congress should act quickly and decisively in order to make the transition between DACA and some type of permanent legislation as seamless as possible.\n\nAn Opportunity for Unity\n\nIn a heated political environment where immigration has become a flashpoint of division, working towards legislation to protect Dreamers is an opportunity for unity. The protection of Dreamers has received wide ranging support among both lawmakers and the public. Despite his previous opposition, President Trump himself made the case on Twitter saying, “Does anybody really want to throw out good, educated and accomplished young people who have jobs, some serving in the military? Really! They have been in our country for many years through no fault of their own - brought in by parents at young age.”\n\nBoth Republicans and Democrats have expressed a desire to pass legislation to protect DACA recipients, and now is the time to act. However, doing so will require that both parties compromise to some degree. Republicans, who have discussed attaching funding for President Trump’s desired wall for Mexico, will have to resist adding controversial border security measures to such a bill. Likewise, Democrats need to be willing to make concessions that Republicans, many of whom represent an increasingly anti-immigrant political base, can support. Passing such legislation will require a political finesse and collective effort that has become frighteningly rare on Capitol Hill.\n\nThe termination of the DACA program doesn’t conform to the standards of public justice. The responsibility to restore the proper authority of the family, to reassert the human dignity of immigrants, and to maintain the rule of law while extending opportunity to vulnerable people—ultimately, the responsibility to uphold public justice—rests with Congress.\n\n-Andrew Whitworth is a graduate of Taylor University and alumnus of the Trinity Fellows Academy. He lives in DC working to build flourishing political communities. Photo courtesy of Molly Adams.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9578529596328735}
+{"content": "No one can be long healthy, if deprived of fresh air and sufficient exercise; the term sufficient, however, must be regulated by the health, habits and nature of the individual. Some persons have been accustomed from early youth to walk several miles a day, or to take other active exercise, on horseback, in rowing, cricket, gardening, etc. Such persons, of course, require much more exercise to keep them in health than those of a more delicate constitution, or those whose occupations have been of a more sedentary character. To those who are fond of it, horse exercise is decidedly the best; walking, rowing and cricket are all good; swimming, if not continued too long at a time, is good in summer for those whose constitutions are strong enough to admit of it. Skating cannot be recommended on the score of health. If people could be satisfied with skating for an hour or so at a time, no mischief would result from it; but when young and delicate girls, not satisfied with skating several hours in the day, must also skate for two or three or four hours at night, with the thermometer perhaps near zero, who can wonder at the frequent serious result. So with dancing; a girl, lightly clad, will dance through a cold winter's night, and then, return home, a little before daybreak, perhaps several miles. It is well known that three-fourths of the cases of consumption in this country have their origin in these amusements.\n\nExcessive bodily exertion of various kinds is a common exciting cause of disease. The heart, excited to inordinate action, is often strained and distended, and its function, or even its structure, and that of the great vessels, may be impaired in consequence. This is especially apt to happen if there be anything already imperfect in the structure of the organ, its valves or vessels; and there are naturally very various degrees of perfection and strength in these parts.\n\nThe brain is particularly liable to suffer from violent exertion, especially if joined with a stooping or constrained posture; for its vessels are not, like those of the limbs and trunk, supported by muscular pressure upon them, and the excited heart can therefore send its blood into them with more force. Hence giddiness, noise in the ears, deafness, defective vision, convulsions, palsy, apoplexy, have been brought on by violent exertion.\n\nThe lungs are also apt to suffer; for the blood being returned to them faster than they can arterialize it, they become greatly congested; hence cough, shortness of breath, bleeding at the lungs, or inflammation of the lungs may ensue.\n\nOther internal organs are sometimes disordered by the blood thrown or retained in their vessels by the pressure of external muscular action. Derangement of the liver, vomiting of blood, piles, etc, have been brought on by such a cause. The sharp pains or stitches felt in the sides or abdomen, on running fast, are commonly supposed to be in the liver or spleen; but more probably they are spasms of the intestines-temporary colic, produced by irregular pressure on them when overcharged with blood.\n\nSome kinds of muscular exertion peculiarly effect certain organs. Thus, loud reading or speaking, or blowing wind instruments, especially tries the organs. Excessive or rough riding or leaping may injuriously affect the kidneys and organs of generation. Straining to lift a heavy weight, or at stool, or in any continued effort which implies holding the breath, endangers the structure of the vessels of the chest and brain.\n\nBodily exertion, long continued, may also cause disease by its exhausting effects. In extreme degrees this exhaustion may amount to fainting, and even death; short of this it may cause great weakness of muscles, and of the heart, with corresponding depression of other functions; hence arises the low typhoid fever which sometimes follows prolonged fatigue. In slighter cases, we have giddiness, faintness, nausea, loss of appetite, indigestion, costiveness, and other varieties of injured function. Excessive fatigue may cause such an amount of sleeplessness as to bring the patient into a state almost resembling delirium tremens.\n\nStrong mental emotion is a common cause of disease. \"Closely knit together as the mind and body are, it is not surprising that they should be ever ready to affect each other. The heart most remarkably suffers from such causes. Thus, a sudden shock, whether of grief, surprise, fear, or even joy, may cause fainting, nay even death itself has ensued; and the expressions \"frightened to death,\" and \"killed with joy,\" are not always mere figures of speech. Sudden acute pain often causes fainting.\" Apoplexy, palsy, inflammation of the brain, epilepsy, and insanity, have been caused by excessive anger, terror, surprise and joy. A piece of very bad news frequently takes away appetite, or impairs digestion. Fright or anxiety often loosens the bowels, or brings on a bilious attack or jaundice.\n\nExcessive evacuation, or loss either of blood or of some secretion, is frequently a cause of debility, which predisposes to other diseases; but if the loss be great or sudden, it may produce immediate disease. A certain fulness of the heart and blood-vessels is required for their healthy functions, as well as for those of all the organs which they supply. If a moderate quantity of blood be suddenly withdrawn, or a large quantity less suddenly, the heart's action will be impaired, rendered irregular, and may be interrupted, and the brain not receiving a current sufficient to maintain its functions, there may be fainting with loss of consciousness, accompanied or followed by disordered function, palpitation, delirium, convulsions, or by death. Lower mentions a case of extensive enlargement of the veins of the lower extremities, in which the patient could not stand without fainting until they were bandaged.\n\nInattention to the calls of nature is a prolific source of disease; when the bowels are not emptied as frequently as they should be, the faeces accumulate in them, become offensive, and the more fluid portions become absorbed into the system and poison the blood; frequently the coats of the bowels become ulcerated and diseased, and piles are a very common result of allowing the bowels to get and to remain costive. Retention of urine has even a more serious result. Loss of power, or even rupture of the bladder has not unfrequently occurred. Sometimes the neglect to empty the bladder when nature gives the hint, will cause an accumulation in that organ, over distention, followed by loss of power. The retained urine is liable to be partially re-absorbed into the system, giving a urinous smell to the breath and perspiration, and sometimes causing typhoid symptoms. The retained urine is also liable to decomposition; highly irritating and offensive matters are produced, which cause injury to the bladder, rapidly extending up the ureters to the kidneys. Checked perspiration is a well-recognized cause of disease, resulting in colds, coughs, rheumatism, inflammations and fevers.\n\nAn artificial or diseased discharge, or secretion as that of a seton or issue, or from an ulcer or diseased membrane, or an unnaturally profuse flow of an ordinary secretion-such as looseness of the bowels, if so long established as to become habitual, cannot be suddenly suppressed without great risk of exciting disease. Apoplexy has not unfrequently resulted from the sudden drying up of an old sore.\n\nThere can bo no genuine health without Cleanliness; an old pro-vcrl> says, that \"cleanliness is next to godliness;\" and certainly a want of cleanliness is a prolific source of skin diseases, fevers, and affections of all those organs that sympathize with the skin.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6523088216781616}
+{"content": "New Alzheimer's studies show women with memory problems decline twice as fast as men\n\nImage: BDLM/cultura/Corbis\n\nElderly women are more likely than elderly men to develop Alzheimer's disease, even when they are exposed to some of the same risk factors, two new studies find.\n\n\nA separate study found that women declined more dramatically than men in measures of cognition, function and brain size after they underwent surgery and general anesthesia. Both studies, which have yet to be published in scientific journals, were presented at the 2015 Alzheimer's Association International Conference, held July 18 to 23 in Washington, D.C.\n\nPeople with mild cognitive problems can still function in everyday life, but their declines, though slight, can be noticeable in typical conversations, the researchers said. Moreover, people with mild cognitive impairments have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or another form of dementia, they added.\n\n\n\nBoth men and women declined more quickly if they had a specific gene variant, called ApoE4, that is associated with an increased Alzheimer's risk. But after the researchers factored in ApoE4 status, as well as age, education, baseline cognition score and follow-up time, women were still more likely to cognitively decline at a faster rate than men, the scientists said.\n\n\"Our findings suggest that men and women at risk for Alzheimer's may be having two very different experiences,\" study researcher Katherine Lin, a clinical research scholar of Alzheimer's disease at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, said in a statement. \"These results point to the possibility of as-yet-undiscovered gender-specific genetic or environmental risk factors that influence the speed of decline. Uncovering those factors should be a high priority for future research.\"\n\nAnesthesia and surgery\n\nElderly women also have a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's than men if they've had surgery and general anesthesia, the other study found.\n\n\n\"When I started learning more about the sex differences that exist in Alzheimer's in general, it made me curious as to whether there might be a sex difference in the effects of anesthesia and surgery on cognitive decline,\" Schenning told Live Science.\n\n\n\n\nWomen who received multiple surgeries with general anesthesia showed even greater declines, Schenning added. What's more, people showed faster declines in these measures of brain function if they received surgery with general anesthesia and had at least one ApoE4 gene variant, she said.\n\n\n\"We don't know if this is anesthesia or surgery, or a combination thereof,\" Schenning said. Instead, she advised elderly people at risk for Alzheimer's to minimize their elective or unnecessary surgeries in which general anesthesia is needed.\n\nStudies such as these may help researchers understand why nearly two-thirds of American seniors with Alzheimer's disease are women, said Maria Carrillo, chief scientific officer of the Alzheimer's Association.\n\n\"Women are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer's, and there is an urgent need to understand if differences in brain structure, disease progression and biological characteristics contribute to higher prevalence and rates of cognitive decline,\" Carrillo said in a statement. \"To intervene and help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's, it's critical to understand the reasons for these differences.\"\n\nThis article originally published at LiveScience here", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5991592407226562}
+{"content": "\n\nAt Hannover Re's subsidiary in Florida the workforce supports the \"New Hope for Kids\" campaign: children and their families who find themselves in difficult life situations are assisted with cash donations or through the personal efforts of employees.\n\nThe company's branch in South Africa assists students in the discipline of actuarial science and those taking a Bachelor of Commerce degree with a concentration in accounting. Hannover Re also supports needy pupils at a local high school.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9386051893234253}
+{"content": "Supreme Court Gets it Right in Spokeo\n\ncourthouse building\n\n“Corporations took a shot at gutting America’s privacy laws, and they missed.” – Paul Bland\n\nThe Supreme Court has held in Spokeo, Inc.v. Robins, that, in a nutshell, consumers are injured even if they don’t lose money on credit report violations. Corporations can’t get away with violating consumers’ rights under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) just because the consumer can’t point to losing a specific dollar figure because the corporation violated federal law.\n\nIts common knowledge that an accurate credit report is as valuable today as a horse was in the old west. Losing it would definitely hurt you but the actual dollar figure harm can take years to show up. Indeed, it may not show up until someone or something, (bank, future employer, insurance company), decides to inflate the cost for credit on loans or purchases, insurance or even decline to offer a job. Wrong information on a credit report can be like a land mine waiting to be stepped on. The consumer is unaware of it till someone pulls the report and his credit score and/or job prospect gets blown up.\n\nPaul Bland at Public Justice (Public Justice pursues high impact lawsuits to combat social and economic injustice and challenge predatory corporate conduct and government abuses.) analyzed the decision in a well thought out straight forward analysis.\n\nYou can find the analysis at\n\nHere’s an excerpt:\n\n\n\nCorporate advocates had asked the Supreme Court to gut the nation’s privacy laws. They argued even consumers alleging that false statements had been made about them did not have a right to bring a case in federal court unless they could show an economic harm. The Court refused to take that step, and rejected the conclusion that corporate defenders sought in this case.\n\nCorporate defendants also wanted the Supreme Court to say that Congress couldn’t pass laws protecting consumers against illegal actions unless the corporation breaking the law had taken money from consumers. But the Court disagreed with Corporate America on that one too, and recognized that Congress can create “legally cognizable injuries” even if they were previously ‘inadequate in law” to be something that a consumer could sue over. So, for example, the Court recognized and applied an earlier Supreme Court decision noting that a consumer can bring a lawsuit for “failure to obtain information subject to disclosure” under a federal law.\n\nRead opinion at\n\nAll in all, it’s a victory for consumers.\n\nRatings and Reviews\n\n10.0Patric Lester\nPatric LesterReviewsout of reviews\nNACA Member Badge", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7798377871513367}
+{"content": "Get the Mach newsletter.\n / Updated \nBy David Freeman\n\nEvolution has given the human body some remarkable features and abilities — a powerful brain, a pair of eyes for binocular vision, the ability to heal wounds, and so on. But wouldn't it be nice to have an extra set of arms? Or body parts that could regenerate? Maybe a blowhole so we could swim with our faces down — or gills so we could breathe underwater?\n\nOr maybe you'd like a USB port on your neck so you could connect your brain to digital devices.\n\nIf you could wave a wand to change the human body in one specific way — to have a new anatomical feature or physiological or intellectual ability — what would you conjure up? I posed that question to 10 top minds in science and technology. Here, lightly edited, are their fascinating answers.\n\nBill Nye: Snore-free sleep\n\nImage: Today - Season 66 - Bill Nye joins Kathie Lee Gifford for a special edition of Who Knew on the Today Show.\nBill NyeNathan Congleton / NBC\n\nBill Nye, the engineer-turned-science-educator, hosts the Netflix series \"Bill Nye Saves the World\" and serves as CEO of The Planetary Society. His most recent book is \"Everything All At Once: How to Unleash Your Inner Nerd, Tap into Radical Curiosity and Solve Any Problem.\"\n\nIf I could change one thing, one reasonable thing, about us humans, I’d make it a world without snoring. I say reasonable because we’d all like to be able to fly like a superhero: just run a couple steps, and you're airborne. But given our mass and strength, flying seems out of the question. Snoring, on the other hand, seems within reach. With just a subtle anatomical change or two, we could have a snoreless world.\n\nSince we're a product of evolution, I can’t help but suspect there’s a good reason to snore. Did snoring develop as a means to signal others in our tribe or family group that we’re out cold — other tribe members listen for it, and then go to sleep themselves? Or is snoring another one of those evolutionary accidents that hasn't met with enough pressure to be eliminated.\n\nYou’ve almost certainly heard the expression “survival of the fittest.” It doesn’t refer to organisms that can do the equivalent of the most abdominal crunches or pushups. It means survival of the ones that fit in the best. As a result, there's no pressure in nature to eliminate something that doesn’t either kill you outright or prevent you from reproducing. If snoring is a result of an airway that evolved from other airways in other animals produced earlier on the tree of life, but it doesn’t kill us, there’s no strong reason that natural processes will get rid of it. Snoring might be a leftover thing that is a result of being good enough. I could do without it.\n\nWell, I could do without snoring by anyone else.\n\nElaine Fuchs: No more mean genes\n\nImage: Elaine Fuchs\nElaine FuchsHoward Hughes Medical Institute\n\nDr. Elaine Fuchs is the Rebecca C. Lancefield Professor of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development at Rockefeller University. She's won multiple awards and is renowned for her research on skin biology and skin disorders.\n\nAs a child, I always wanted to fly. The beauty of a butterfly’s wings and an eagle soaring in the sky will always be more aesthetically pleasing to my whims than the flying I do now. Alas, airplanes and the wonderfully international community of scientists that causes me to use them frequently have prompted me to shift my thoughts and dreams of growing wings elsewhere.\n\nIn 2018, as a molecular geneticist, I’m now more interested to see my magic wand silence the genes controlling three evolutionarily honed, destructive features of human behavior: greed, hate, and aggression. Conversely, the genes controlling creativity, inquisitiveness, and reflection could use a little enhancing, along with the genes controlling compassion.\n\nEmily Cooper: Wi-fi for the brain\n\nImage: Emily Cooper\nEmily Cooper\n\nDr. Emily Cooper is on the faculty at Dartmouth College, where she studies human vision and technology.\n\nWhat if your brain could directly receive visual information from a computer, eliminating the need for physical displays? A wireless system merged into the primary visual cortex would receive and translate images and video sent from any computer or camera. Personal and mobile devices could function without screens — all your visual displays would appear or disappear instantaneously in the mind’s eye.\n\nMargaret Geller: Super immune system\n\nImage: Margaret Geller\nMargaret GellerCarole Berney\n\nDr. Margaret J. Geller is an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and a pioneer in the mapping of the universe. She is a MacArthur Fellow and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.\n\nMy dream is a super immune system (SIS) that complements our existing system to prevent and treat heart attacks, strokes, and cancer. These diseases are leading killers in the U.S. and in many other nations. The SIS would detect nascent signs of heart trouble, evidence of an impending stroke, and/or initial wayward cells that could become a serious cancer. It would then produce drugs to treat and cure the problem. These drugs would have no negative side effects.\n\nThe SIS would reduce human suffering and would be a step toward universal health insurance for some of the most devastating diseases we face.\n\nMicho Kaku: Bring on the 'brain-net'\n\nImage: Author Michio Kaku\nMichio Kaku\n\nDr. Michio Kaku is a professor of theoretical physics at the City University of New York and the author of 12 books. His latest is \"The Future of Humanity.\"\n\nBy digitally and genetically connecting the brain to computers, the internet will be replaced by the \"brain-net,\" which will transmit our thoughts, emotions, and memories will be sent over the internet.\n\nThis would revolutionize society. Movies and TV would become obsolete since the brain net would allow us to feel what the actors feel. Just by thinking, we would be able to surf the web, upload and download memories, learn calculus, and write emails. We would become telepathic and empathic, since we would be able to understand the feelings and hardships of others.\n\nSince our thoughts could control power stations, which can move objects, we would also become telekinetic.\n\nNeil deGrasse Tyson: Let me see like 'Geordi'\n\nImage: Today - Season 66\nNeil deGrasse TysonMike Smith / NBCU Photo Bank\n\nDr. Neil deGrasse Tyson is an astrophysicist and the director of the Hayden Planetarium in New York City. He's the host of the Fox series \"Cosmos\" and the author of many books on science topics. His latest is \"Astrophysics for People in a Hurry.\"\n\nI’d like to see artificial evolution, more accurately called genetic engineering, applied to eradicate genetically tagged diseases. These include birth defects as well as cancers one might contract in adulthood. Next, or perhaps simultaneously with that plan, would be the ability to regenerate neurons, and ultimately entire limbs.\n\nI'm not asking for much here. Plenty of other animals can do this — from planaria to newts. For me, anything else would count as entertainment — 12 fingers, three arms, and, yes, gills.I'd also like to see in a much broader bandwidth than “visible” light — like Geordi from \"StarTrek: The Next Generation.\" That is, to be able to selectively see across the entire electromagnetic spectrum — radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.\n\nWith such power of vision, our world and the universe would be much more “alive” than we currently perceive it to be.\n\nPriyamvada Natarajan: Built-in crystal ball\n\nImage: Priyamvada Natarajan\nPriyamvada NatarajanCourtesy Priyamvada Natarajan\n\nDr. Priyamvada Natarajan is a theoretical astrophysicist at Yale University, where she focuses on obtaining a deeper understanding of dark matter, black holes, and other exotica in the universe. She is the author of \"Mapping the Heavens: The Radical Scientific Ideas that Reveal the Cosmos.\"\n\nAfter pondering one additional human capability that would be amazing to have, I realize that it's not an extra limb like the pantheon of Indian goddesses or a third eye like Lord Shiva's or a set of wings that would set us free to roam the world. It would be the ability to foresee the future, coupled with the ability to change the course of events. I've always been fascinated with the opening line of T.S. Eliot's poem \"Burnt Norton,\" which reads \"Time present and time past / Are both perhaps present in time future...\" Being able to peer into the future would enable us to see the impact of decisions that we make today. This would be transformative. It would make us superior beings, a species that can use its intelligence optimally.\n\nWe would be responsible scientists, as we could see the impact of our discoveries and actions, and more responsible humans, as we would see the impact we have on others and on the environment. Seeing the peril that our planet is in sharply and starkly by getting a glimpse of the future would spark us into action to be better stewards. Having the ability to intervene and alter events would help us make amends, to right wrongs, and perhaps prevent some things from occurring in the first place! Imagine what we could have averted — for instance, the invention of nuclear weapons; the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; the accidents at Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and Fukushima; devastating earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and storms; and many lethal epidemics that have decimated our species.\n\nWe could also go back in time and relive the pleasures that we did not savor enough in the moment and recapture more fully those magical moments.\n\nScott Solomon: Super recognition powers\n\nImage: Scott Solomon\nScott Solomon\n\nDr. Scott Solomon is a biologist, professor, and science writer. He teaches ecology, evolutionary biology, and scientific communication at Rice University. He's the author of \"Future Humans: Inside the Science of Our Continuing Evolution.\"\n\nWe humans are exceptionally good at recognizing other individual humans. But imagine if we could tell individual species apart. There are around 5 million species alive on the planet. We know almost nothing about most, in part because only a handful of people — experts called taxonomists — can identify them. Many species don't even have names.\n\nBeing able to recognize every living thing would have practical benefits. Customs inspectors could tell the harmless stowaways from the next invasive pest. Recognizing microscopic organisms would allow doctors to identify infections without the need for blood tests. Machine learning technology, like that used by the iNaturalist app, is getting better at identifying species for us. But if we could simply recognize them at a glance, perhaps we would treat other species a little better. After all, knowing someone's name makes them seem like less of a stranger and more of a friend.\n\nSeth Shostak: Better color vision\n\nImage: Seth Shostak\nSeth Shostak\n\nDr. Seth Shostak is the senior astronomer at the SETI Institute and the author of \"Confessions of an Alien Hunter: A Scientist's Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.\"\n\nA lot of my friends think humans are marvels of engineering. My own opinion is that my body is a slipshod design. As anyone over 30 knows, we barely work. Thanks to the four-lobed nature of an ancient fish, we have two arms and two legs — nothing optimal about that. With another pair of hands, I might manage piano duets on my own, but then there would be a tangle of shirtsleeves in my closet.\n\nSo while I'm not so keen on more hands, here's a change to our physiology I would welcome: more cones in our eyes. Cones are the receptors that give us color vision, and we have three types — basically red, green, and blue. The fact that we have only three types of cones has been a boon to color photography, TV, and printing. But it means our color vision is miles from being perfect. Shine a red and a green light onto a sheet of paper from far away, and your lyin' eyes will say you're looking at yellow, even though there's no yellow light there at all!\n\nSure, your eyes make nice sharp images, and you can quickly localize a source of light. Your ears aren't so good at localization, but they can separate out different frequencies, or tones. You can hear chords! If your ears were as bad as your eyes, all the instruments in an orchestra might just as well be playing the same note.\n\nWhat could we see with eyes that had, say, four color receptors (some shrimp have as many as a dozen)? I don't know. But nature has cheaped out on my eyes, and I for one am sure I'm missing something grand.\n\nTabetha Boyajian: I want to go 'poof'\n\nImage: Tabetha Boyajian\nTabetha Boyajian\n\nDr. Tabetha Boyajian is a professor of astrophysics at Louisiana State University and the scientist most closely associated with the discovery of a perplexing celestial object called KIC 8462852 (Tabby’s star), which sparked speculation that \"alien technosignatures\" had been discovered.\n\nThe ability to “poof” (teleporting without a machine) would be a total game changer. Practically speaking, this would mean no more long (and potentially dangerous and/or expensive) commutes — traffic jams would be a thing of the past.\n\nWe would have much more time to do fun things, and the environmental impact would be positively astounding! But overall what I think would be the most exciting about “poofing\" would be opportunities to explore remote, exotic places around the world, or possibly even other places in the solar system and beyond.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5730398893356323}
+{"content": "www.thedigitaldawn.com  07795 248169\n\nGarry Brannigan Photography and Workshops\nLandscape photography courses with Garry Brannigan\n\nHow I kick-start my creativity\n\nVery few of the photographs I make are planned for. I much prefer to have no pre-conceived ideas when I arrive at a location and strive instead to create the opportunity for serendipity to take its course. If it’s after sunrise then there is no sense of feeling rushed and as a consequence I relax and a creative frame of mind soon follows. Having enough time to thoroughly explore a location, while also being able to tune in to my own imagination, is such a pleasure. To be honest, it is probably the aspect of my photography that I enjoy the most.\n\nBut it was not always this way. There have been days in the past when the task of kick-starting my creativity was a constant source of frustration. So much so that I would often bring a day’s photography to a close and feel that I had still not discovered the location’s potential, and more importantly I hadn’t been able to achieve my own.\n\nIn the very early years I set off on the same route as many others before me, believing that the task for a landscape photographer was straightforward enough: I was there to record the view. Included in my apprenticeship was a devouring of all the photographic magazines. Through glossy adverts and repetitive articles they managed to convince me that after my camera equipment it was the light and the weather that were the most important ingredients in determining whether my photography was successful or not.\n\nThankfully, further into the journey I discovered photographers such as David Ward and Michael Kenna. Their work fascinated me and made me realise that a very different type of photography was possible. This was self-expressive photography of the highest quality. It went significantly beyond simply turning up before dawn with a wide-angle lens and then pointing it to where the sun was rising and making sure there was enough foreground to fill the frame. I sensed there was a greater factor at play determining the high level of creativity inherent within their photographs, and it wasn’t the gear or the light and weather as the magazines had tried to persuade me.\n\nCould it be that their photographs and the striking individuality they displayed came most of all from how their mood was at the time they made them? Was the biggest influence actually their imaginative state of mind? Excited, I set off in a different direction to explore this idea and endeavoured to make photographs that also strayed from the conventional path and hoping my new pictures would be just as creative and unique.\n\nIt came as quite a shock to discover that it was not quite as simple as that. I really struggled. Technique was not the problem; it was something far more fundamental. In my naivety I had not realised that the real skill to making photographs that have a genuine spark of individuality comes from knowing how to ignite that creativity in the first place. Put simply, knowing how to get into a responsive state of mind so you actually see the creative possibilities rather than walk right past them.\n\nI began to ask myself if it was possible for a photographer to warm up their eye before making pictures? I started to think it was. After all, Andy Murray doesn’t go straight on to Centre Court and win Wimbledon; he has been warming up on the practice court for hours before the match. Ben Stokes doesn’t walk down the steps at Lord’s and score a century without turning up early and batting in the nets beforehand. Footballers, rugby players, in fact all sportsmen and women warm up before they perform, none of them start cold.\n\nHow do I warm up? It’s not complicated, not for me anyway. After arriving at the location I don’t begin by looking for a photograph. I don’t even start looking for a subject. All I simply do is look. If there is a curve in a boulder that is a similar shape to the curve of a cloud, I make a mental note of it. If the blue on the surface of a rock pool matches the blue of the sky, I mention it in my mind. I take notice if the orange oxidisation on a rock matches the colour of the autumn fern that stands next to it.\n\nComposition is often about making connections for the viewer that they do not see unless you arrange the frame in a certain way, so identifying these connections in the first place for yourself is helpful. It’s the compositional flow inherent within a shape that drives most of my initial ideas about a potential photograph, so before the camera comes out I force myself to look long and hard at a whole variety of shapes, large and small, around me. I go through this sequence for roughly 15 minutes and nearly always I then start to see more potential and the spark of an idea nearly always follows.\n\nThe photograph I have included here is of water flowing over the riverbed of the Dundonnell River in the North West Highlands of Scotland and is a good example of the type of picture I make after using this method. At first I didn't detect any substantial improvement in what I saw when I tried warming up my eye. But after about a year of repeating this simple exercise I sensed that a cognitive process had become established and I cannot overstate the impact it had on my photography, especially the abstract aspect of it.\n\nJust like Andy Murray going on to the practice court and activating his muscle memory, my mind recognises that I am going through a sequence of repetitive actions and it is surprising how quickly this opens the door to my imagination and the creative side of my photography.\n\nHow I kick-start my creativity\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9793540239334106}
+{"content": "MADISON - Valerie Stull was 12 when she ate her first insect.\n\n\"I was on a trip with my parents in Central America and we were served fried ants,\" she says. \"I remember being so grossed out initially, but when I put the ant in my mouth, I was really surprised because it tasted like food -— and it was good!\"\n\nToday, Stull, a recent doctoral graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, is the lead author of a new pilot clinical trial published in the journal Scientific Reports that looks at what eating crickets does to the human microbiome. \n\n\n\"There is a lot of interest right now in edible insects,\" Stull says. \"It's gaining traction in Europe and in the U.S. as a sustainable, environmentally friendly protein source compared to traditional livestock.\"\n\nMore than 2 billion people around the world regularly consume insects, which are also a good source of protein, vitamins, minerals and healthy fats. The research team was interested in documenting for the first time via clinical trial the health effects of eating them.\n\n\"This study is important because insects represent a novel component in Western diets and their health effects in human populations haven't really been studied,\" says co-corresponding author Tiffany Weir, a professor of food science and human nutrition at Colorado State University. \"With what we now know about the gut microbiota and its relationship to human health, it's important to establish how a novel food might affect gut microbial populations. We found that cricket consumption may actually offer benefits beyond nutrition.\"\n\nRaising insects for protein not only helps protect the environment, but also offers a more healthful option than meat in many wealthy countries with high-meat diets, says co-author Jonathan Patz, director of the UW-Madison Global Health Institute, where Stull will begin a postdoctoral research position in the fall.\n\nCrickets, like other insects, contain fibers, such as chitin, that are different from the dietary fiber found in foods like fruits and vegetables. Fiber serves as a microbial food source and some fiber types promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, also known as probiotics. The small trial probed whether insect fibers might influence the bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract. \n\nFor two weeks, 20 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 48 ate either a control breakfast or a breakfast containing 25 grams of powdered cricket meal made into muffins and shakes. Each participant then ate a normal diet for a two-week \"washout period.\" For the following two weeks, those who started on the cricket diet consumed a control breakfast and those who started on the control diet consumed a cricket breakfast.\n\nEvery participant served as their own control for the study and the researchers were blinded with respect to which diet each participant was on at any given time.\n\nThe researchers collected blood samples, stool samples and answers to gastrointestinal questionnaires immediately before the study began, immediately following the first two-week diet period and immediately after the second two-week diet period.\n\nParticipants’ blood samples were tested for a host of health measures, like blood glucose and enzymes associated with liver function, and also for levels of a protein associated with inflammation. The fecal samples were tested for the byproducts of microbial metabolism in the human gut, inflammatory chemicals associated with the gastrointestinal tract, and the overall makeup of the microbial communities present in the stools.\n\nParticipants reported no significant gastrointestinal changes or side effects and the researchers found no evidence of changes to overall microbial composition or changes to gut inflammation. They did see an increase in a metabolic enzyme associated with gut health, and a decrease in an inflammatory protein in the blood called TNF-alpha, which has been linked to other measures of well-being, like depression and cancer.\n\nAdditionally, the team saw an increase in the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria like Bifidobacterium animalis, a strain that has been linked to improved gastrointestinal function and other measures of health in studies of a commercially available strain called BB-12.\n\nBut, the researchers say, more and larger studies are needed to replicate these findings and determine what components of crickets may contribute to improved gut health.\n\n\n“This very small study shows that this is something worth looking at in the future when promoting insects as a sustainable food source,” says Stull.\n\nStull is co-founder of an award-winning startup and research collaboration called MIGHTi, the Mission to Improve Global Health Through Insects. In the future, MIGHTi hopes to provide home-use insect-farming kits to communities that already consume insects, including many in southern Africa. Insects require far less water to farm than traditional livestock and can help improve food security in impoverished communities while providing economic opportunities to women.\n\n“Most of the insects consumed around the world are wild-harvested where they are and when they are available,” says Stull, who has eaten insects — including caterpillars, cicadas, grasshoppers and beetle larvae — all over the world. “People love flying termites in Zambia, which come out only once or twice a year and are really good; they taste like popcorn and are a crunchy, oily snack.”\n\nShe hopes to promote insects as a more mainstream food in the United States, and though the industry is currently small, the rise of edible insect producers and companies using insects in their food products may make this possible.\n\n\nTop Headlines from Wisconsin Farmer:\n\nCranberry growers could dump 25% of harvest this season\n\nFarmer wins $100,000 scratch off prize while milking\n\nJudge orders farmer’s neighbors to pay court costs in manure pit lawsuit\n\n\nRead or Share this story:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9288118481636047}
+{"content": "Christianization of Nagasaki 1569-1643\n\n\nA review of Sacred Space and Ritual in Early Modern Japan: The Christian Community of Nagasaki (1569-1643), by Carla Tronu Montane.\n\nWithin the context of Christian history in Japan, the city of Nagasaki is usually described as a ‘‘Christian city.” This image is often taken for granted to the extent that no study to date has adequately explored the Christianization of Nagasaki. In her thesis, Carla Tronu sets out to answer this question by tracing the history and development of the Christian community and its involvement in “the production, maintenance and transformation of sacred spaces” (p. 10). With Tronu thus preferring the lay Christian communities over the missionary elite as the focal point of her research, her methodology builds on recent research trends in which traditional narratives of Christianity in Japan are being challenged, as advocated earlier by Ikuo Higashibaba (“Historiographical Issues in the Studies of the “Christian Century” in Japan,” Japanese Religions 24/1: 29-50). In absence of written source material by Japanese Christian believers, Tronu traces the actions of the Christian community through reports, letters and historiographical works of the missionaries that guided them.\n\nTronu’s approach to sacred space is based on the ideas of Henri Lefebvre’s ‘social space,’ where the actions of the religionists, citizens and elite form religious sites and buildings, with the ideologies and policies of these actors shaping and reshaping them in time (p. 15). She also employs the work of Michel de Certeau’s on space and place in narrating the religious dynamics within the church, as well as using it as a framework of reference in the use and interpretation of primary and secondary source material throughout the thesis. With space being the primary theme in the eight-chapter thesis, Tronu accordingly focuses on the development of Nagasaki’s religious spaces as the historical narrative driving her thesis, and how local, domestic and international factors relate to their creation, destruction and recreation in each phase.\n\nBefore turning to the story of Nagasaki, Chapter 1 begins with an explanation of how space and ritual functioned in the production of Christian sacred space in Japan more generally. Tronu does this by looking at the design of Japanese churches, their location and their sacralization. Following Lefebvre’s idea that the creation of communities can be traced through their religious buildings, Tronu first sketches what she calls a ‘standard model’ of a Japanese church in the late Sengoku period. This model is based on descriptions of churches, pictorial source material like the nanban folding screens and missionary instructions, such as those on the construction of churches in Japan. Especially Alessandro Valignano’s ideas on church architecture in Japan reflect the Jesuit’s awareness of the need to adapt Christianity to the Japanese rather than the other way around. This becomes evident when following the development of the church in Japan, from an abandoned Buddhist temple to the creation of the Church of the Assumption on Morisaki Cape. Every improvement and alteration made in the layout, orientation, design and construction material of the first Japanese churches reflect how the Jesuits were accommodating the physical religious space to Japanese socio-religious needs and notions, such as etiquette, hierarchy and the importance of purity, while at the same time differentiating it from Buddhism. Though the first Jesuit church was indeed an abandoned Buddhist temple, various examples given by Tronu underscore that the location of a church was decided based on practical socio-political considerations rather than geosophy or the inherent sacredness of a certain site. It was not the location but the ritual performed in the church that turned it into a sacred space (p. 41), several of such rituals that could have been involved in the sacralization of a new church being considered by Tronu.\n\nWith the basic features of the production of Christian sacred space covered, the second chapter explores the initial missionary activity and the construction of Nagasaki port town. After the Jesuits got a foothold in Nagasaki village through the good offices of Nagasaki Jinzaemon, first-hand accounts such as those from Gaspar Vileila narrate how within a year the majority of the Nagasaki village population had been baptized. The swelling of their Christian ranks now enabled the Jesuits to rebuild the old Buddhist temple they were housed in and turn it into a proper church. Rather than considering the construction of Todos os Santos as the result of an already-existing Christian community, Tronu argues that the construction process itself was a sign that community was being created. Furthermore, the creation of the church as symbolic center of the Christian community went hand in hand with the dismantling and destruction of shrines and temples in the vicinity. While this behavior is often regarded by other scholars as being a way to rebel against oppressive local powers, Tronu instead argues that it is more likely that the Buddhist religious space was actively replaced with Christian religious space by the locals, as this was “a visible way to affirm their affiliation to the new sacred space and to externalize the sense of belonging to the Christian community” (p. 62). The narratives of the rituals and the active participation of the locals herein that follow underscore this affiliation as well as serve to show how the Jesuits actively used the appeal of their church and rituals in the creation of a Christian community. However, a notable distinction is made between Nagasaki the village, which had been converted, and Nagasaki the port town, which was Christian from the very beginning “with a Jesuit church as its only religious institution” (p. 71) and which welcomed Christians who fled their own domains. The growth of the Christian community here is exemplified by various occasions in which the townsmen defended the Church of the Assumption and its holy objects against attacks in these turbulent times.\n\nThe gradual process by which Nagasaki gained economic and administrative autonomy is the focus of Chapter 3. The donation of Nagasaki port town to the Jesuits in 1580 triggered the construction of a bigger Church of the Assumption, the function of which now extended beyond that of religious space for the believers, to a symbol of Nagasaki to non-Christian visitors and merchants. Here, Tronu narrates an incident involving the defilement of the church as a prime example of how the Jesuits used the opportunity to engage the community in ritually cleaning and refurbishing the church. Together with their participation in the reconciliation ritual that followed, Tronu argues that the reproduction of sacred space exemplifies how “the community publicly condemned the profanation of the church […] and confirmed the importance of the church as a sacred space and as the town’s symbolic center” (p. 90). Active involvement by lay Christians eventually culminated in the foundation of the Misericordia brotherhood in 1583, whose charitable deeds for lepers show how Christian values were integrated into the community and actively put in practice. With daily life in the city revolving around one religion,  its fortification to withstand enemy attacks, and with its considerable financial means and autonomy, Nagasaki the port town came to resemble a temple town (jinaimachi) much like those of the True Pure Land sect. In the bigger context of the ongoing pacifications of such sects by Hideyoshi, this image of Nagasaki as a strong religiously organized city resulted in a crackdown on missionary activity and the first expulsion edict of 1587. Despite their best efforts, the Jesuits had to continue their activities in peripheral areas and private places, but with a community that still showed commitment to the Jesuits and their cause.\n\nChapter 4 focuses on the confiscation of Nagasaki by Hideyoshi, and how this heralded a period of instability for the Jesuit mission. The Jesuits operated from the periphery of Nagasaki, while their negotiations with Hideyoshi resulted in the restoration of their function as intermediaries in trade, but not the ban on the spread of Christianity. Disputes between Spain and Portugal concerning areas of influence in trade and proselytizing, and the subsequent accusations back and forth only hardened Hideyoshi’s stance towards the Jesuits, which resulted in the dismantling of the Church of the Assumption. In the absence of a central sacred space, the Christian community resisted in the periphery by sheltering priests, attending ritual in secret and the construction of other Christian spaces where they could put their faith to practice without the help of priests. A second challenge came in the form of the arrival of Franciscan missionaries, who, unlike the Jesuits, refused to adapt to Japanese etiquette and preached in public against Hideyoshi’s orders. Other candidates like Buddhist priests also attempted to preach in Nagasaki. Both were received with hostility, sabotage, and were initially refused land to build a house of worship, which testifies to the considerable influence the Jesuits had on the Christian community. The martyrdom of several Christians at Nishizaka and the expulsion of the Franciscans provided the community with an opportunity to display and reaffirm their allegiance to Christianity, and more specifically, to the Jesuits, who were once more the only Catholic order in Japan.\n\nWith Hideyoshi breathing his last in 1598 and with the Bishop Cerqueira in Japan to manage the Catholic mission, Chapter 5 takes us into the period of Tokugawa Ieyasu’s rise to power, and the subsequent relaxation of pressure on the Jesuits. Being able once again to perform and celebrate Christian ritual in the open, the Jesuits built a colegio on Morisaki Cape which served as a school for children and aspiring members of the order, a missionary base, a printing office and the site of festivities and theatrical plays. With the establishment of the bishop’s see in Nagasaki, the city became the de factocenter of the Catholic Church in Japan, and his presence and the swelling numbers of attendants pushed the Jesuits to build a bigger church. The fact that the vast majority of the necessary funds, timber and labor came from the citizens “suggest that they formed a Christian community with substantial resources and deeply engaged in the reproduction of sacred space” (p. 149). In the religious arena the Jesuits did not go unchallenged for long. Ieyasu’s eagerness for trade with Manila prompted the return of Franciscan friars as intermediaries, who tried to get a foothold in Nagasaki a second time, with little success. Buddhism was a stronger threat in the form of the establishment of the Shokaku-ji, the first non-Christian sacred space in the inner part of the town, though sabotage and outright hostility from the locals show that little progress was made here as well. “The Nagasaki residents invested resources and labor into the production and reproduction of Christian sacred spaces, but actively opposed non-Christian sacred spaces” (p. 155), actions which speak of their commitment as a Christian community. Disputes in matters as taxes and jurisdiction between the inner and outer town zones prompted a petition to Ieyasu asking him to take the whole of Nagasaki under his direct control. This move unified the city as an administrative space, but also resulted in the loss of support from theŌmura daimyo to the Jesuit mission, who were now completely dependent on the Christian community for support.\n\nChapter 6 is centered on the implementation of a parish system, made possible by the unification of Nagasaki inner and outer town and Nagasaki village. With Nagasaki flourishing, the population increase and the subsequent demand for ritual caused the capacities of the current church to strain to a breaking point, which brought about the construction of more churches and the ordination of native priests to cater to the religious needs of the people. Tronu stresses that the ordination of natives was revolutionary in and of itself, and is an indication of the innovative character of the bishop.\n\nPublic holidays in which the community participated can be found in the Christian ritual calendar as it was implemented in Nagasaki, with the number of public holidays increasing according to the degree of Christianization of an area. The Christian calendar and the bell tower of the Church of the Assumption marking the hours changed the citizen’s experience of time and reinforced the image of Nagasaki as a united, committed Christian community. The parish system itself had its foundation in the shape of the smaller churches already functioning as proto-parish churches with the Church of the Assumption functioning as a Cathedral. The pre-existing bonds between the lay population and the Jesuits priests and their investments in religious spaces was a vital precedent for the implementation of the parish system. The bishop’s position as head of the Catholic church in Japan and as arbiter between the various orders was tested with the arrival of Franciscan, Dominican and Augustinian missionaries between 1609 and 1612, who established their own parishes in the city. Tensions over the production of sacred space testify to the rivalries and power games between the groups, which were already plagued by financial struggles. Here, the lay confraternities turned out to be a key factor in the mission’s success, as “their members assumed the costs of the maintenance of their parish priest and churches or chapels” (p. 197). Together, the implementation of the Parish system and the Christian ritual calendar are marked by Tronu as the two key developments that made Nagasaki a Christian town “since it was these that structured the social dynamics of the community, shaping both the space of the city and its experience of time” (p. 201).\n\nChapter 7 touches on a recurring theme in the thesis, namely, that of the internal competition, rivalry and hostility between the various Christian groups, which surfaced in full when the Bishop Cerqueira passed away in 1614. With the international context of the inter-missionary struggle thoroughly explained, Tronu focuses on how this struggle was played out between the Jesuits and the Mendicants in Nagasaki in such matters as acquiring land, the right to administer sacraments and differences in doctrine and practice, which “fostered a consciousness of doctrinal difference and competition between the lay congregations” (p. 215). This sentiment was further strengthened by the parish system which divided the community and fostered rivalry. This became evident when the native priests, the Jesuits and the Mendicant orders clashed on the matter of the new administrator following the death of the bishop, a struggle which divided the Christian community and pitted the outer town against the inner town. Though the clash was short lived, it left the Christian community of Nagasaki divided and without a leader who could unite them.\n\nThe timing of the succession dispute could not have be worse, as the Tokugawa Bakufu permanently banned Christianity in 1614, expelling the missionaries and adopting aggressive policies to de-Christianize the country. Chapter 8 accordingly focuses on the de-Christianization of Nagasaki’s religious spaces. Despite the edicts, the missionaries organized processions in which many lay Christians participated with public displays of faith, while residents also started to practice their faith in the private spheres of their homes. Even though a large number of priests and Japanese Christians were expelled, various missionaries remained hidden in or near the city. Soon the dismantling of the churches began, but the Christian population refused to carry out this task, which Tronu interprets as a sign of their respect for the church as a sacred space. With the hunt for missionaries and their assistants in full swing, the destruction of Christian spaces now extended to graveyards and hospitals as well. While conventional scholarship focuses on actions taken against believers, Tronu instead focuses on the actions taken over sacred spaces to demonstrate how Nagasaki’s former Christian sites were turned into either secular sites (offices) or non-Christian religious sites (Buddhist and Shinto). Furthermore, the enforced participation in Buddhist and Shinto ritual in these new sacred spaces, as well as the ritualized practice of shūmon aratame (affirmation of religious affiliation) are seen by Tronu as means to override the Christian ritual and routine as described previously. Thus Nagasaki was transformed into an anti-Christian space, with Christian space and ritual forced out of the public eye and into the privacy of people’s homes, out of Nagasaki and into remote places, where it would survive the Tokugawa’s scrutiny up to the Meiji era.\n\nDespite the acknowledged lack of source material from native Christian believers, Tronu’s methodology and her extensive employment of rarely-used Spanish, Portuguese and Japanese archival material enable her to convincingly investigate community involvement, inter-religious rivalry, government meddling and anti-Christian politics as they played out in the various religious spaces of Nagasaki. Rather than employing the conventional chronological narrative, Tronu traces Nagasaki’s religious history by using the physical transformation of these spaces as her central narrative. In so doing, she skillfully situates the creation of Nagasaki as a city within the context of religious, political and economic developments on a domestic and international scale. At the same time, her historical narrative allows her to demonstrate how ‘minor’ events in the production of sacred spaces in Nagasaki testify to active community involvement and turbulent internal dynamics between the various orders on the extreme local scale, a level often glossed over by conventional scholarship. Furthermore, in her case study of Nagasaki, Tronu’s emphasis on the distinct missionary methodologies, doctrines, rituals and international backgrounds of the various Catholic orders reveal much detail and depth of Nagasaki as a ‘contested religious space,’ a place where Jesuit supremacy was continuously challenged by religious rivals in the shape of both native clergy and other Catholic orders.\n\nBy focusing on Nagasaki’s religious identity as a Christian city, Tronu has successfully addressed a blind spot in the field of Christian history in Japan. Her thesis is a prime example of how the application of concepts of space in historical narrative can lead to a fresh approach and new insight into key historical events. Tronu’s study on the religious history of Nagasaki should be of interest to any scholar of Japanese early modern socio-religious history and the history of Christianity in Japan.\n\nNadia M. Kreeft\nLeiden Institute for Area Studies (LIAS)\nLeiden University\n\nPrimary Sources\n\nCompagnia de Jesus\nNagasaki Shi Shi\nLuis Cerqueira\nFrancesco Pasio\nMarcelo de Ribadeneira\n\nDissertation Information\n\nSchool of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. 2012. 285 pp.Primary Advisor: Dr. Angus Lockyer.\n\n\nImage: Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture 長崎歴史文化博物館.\n\nLeave a Reply", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8137848973274231}
+{"content": "Compensator assignment without introduction and conclusion\n\nOur essay generator ensures that writing is assignment, thesis your will be able to complete your school essays without worrying about deadlines- and look . Without good nutrition, our bodies become susceptible to many different health risks introduction and conclusion ignacio reyes com 220 october 05, . How to write an argumentative essay introduction: explain the thesis (be precise but do not present evidence yet) well before you receive the assignment . Good and poor examples of conclusion sections a good example of a conclusion from an accounting & finance assignment footnote. Guide to writing a case study understanding your assignment task used a well structured introduction, body and conclusion.\n\nSticking to a recommended essay structure is the only way to properly outline and write it, paragraph by paragraph from the introduction to conclusion, without mistakes there are two recommended patterns for a comparison essay: point-by-point (or alternating) pattern and subject-by-subject (or block) pattern. How to write a conclusion for a research paper the conclusion of a research paper needs to summarize the content and purpose of the paper without seeming too wooden or dry. Structure of law essays and law reports law essays unless you are told otherwise, the very minimum requirements of a law essay or problem question are an introduction, a body and a conclusion.\n\nInstructions (100 points) due date: 9/28 the assignment write instructions for performing a task and present the instructions with an introduction and illustrations, as appropriate (you can refer to my lecture notes as well as the book chapter for specific guidelines). Important writing parts: introduction, body and conclusion this is a great exercise for students to learn about the different writing parts areas for an introduction, conclusion, and body are designated to make writing fun and easy. Tips on writing assignments: of the assignment title, introduction and conclusion information to the reader without affecting your word count but do not . Home assignment on religion without plagiarism need introduction and conclusion need introduction and conclusion february 20, 2017 premiumessaysonline academic writing introduction and conclusion , religion. Use this list of 20 essay conclusion examples that covers a range of topics and essay formats as a stepping stone to inspire and inform your own writing.\n\nIntroductions and conclusions can be difficult to write, but they’re worth investing time in your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment the . How do i write an intro, conclusion, & body paragraph the introduction and conclusion shouldn’t be the same do not reproduce without permission. A good introduction should a good conclusion should describe what you plan to write about remind the reader of the main ideas that were discussed in the essay. Sample essay about me type of paper: essays check price for your plagiarism-free paper on sample essay about me write my assignment write my homework . How to write an a+ introduction present first, briefly state the principal factual conclusions you came to do not use a surprise ending but without using .\n\nConclusions for dissertations and theses each chapter should also have a conclusion (as well as an introduction) the reason for this is that in a longer piece of . Personal narrative essays, spring 2015 readers are carried along to the conclusion without any explicit statement of the main argument: read the introduction . Therefore, composing a self introduction essay sample is a more complicated task than writing a personal essay because the former requires a unique set of circumscribing skills in order to comprehend all substantial nuances and significant aspects of this exclusive assignment, let us examine the standard self introduction essay sample and .\n\nCompensator assignment without introduction and conclusion\n\nConclusion this paper has presented a simple, effective, complete parametric approach for eigenstructure assignment in multivariable linear systems via dynamical compensators. Your reader may finish your essay without a problem and understand your argument without understanding why that argument is important your introduction might point out the reason your topic matters, but your conclusion should also tackle this questions. Essay introductions write an introduction that interests the reader and effectively outlines your arguments every essay or assignment you write must begin with an introduction. The distribution static compensator for load compensation i introduction t instructor's grade on assignment: .\n\nAn introduction is like a guidebook to your whole assignment it gives background information into your topic area and outlines all the ideas you are going to present remember that most introductions will be about 10% of the final essay and will include some or all of the following:. Introductions and conclusions note how the introduction moves from general information to specific, while the conclusion works in reverse from specific to general. How to write an a+ introduction present first, or the reasoning-process that your conclusion is based on but without using the word you. And the impression you create in your conclusion will shape the impression that stays with your readers after they've finished the essay ending the essay: conclusions skip to main content.\n\nIntroductions and conclusions play a special role in the academic essay, and they frequently demand much of your attention as a writer in an assignment that .\n\ncompensator assignment without introduction and conclusion How to start a conclusion a persuasive essay, literary analysis or research paper should include a thoughtful introduction and conclusion the conclusion, when written correctly, gives the reader a summary and insights into the reasons.\nCompensator assignment without introduction and conclusion\nRated 3/5 based on 34 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9790536165237427}
+{"content": "Pua Chee Ling and Sean Dolan share their views about how a holistic approach is pertinent to facilitate the whole development of a child.\n\nWhile parents in the 70s and 80s considered early childhood education (ECE) irrelevant in Malaysia, today, it is a vastly different story. Present-day parents are now more aware about topics like children’s developmental theories and stages. They have become increasingly involved in their child’s early development and want to see to it that their child hit the necessary milestones. All this has led to greater emphasis on ECE in Malaysia. While it is a positive development for the country, there is concern over parents’ expectations of their children. “It is common to have parents voice their dissatisfaction if the teacher hasn’t ensured that their child can recite the ABCs within the first month of starting kindergarten,” shares Pua Chee Ling, the Chief Executive of Dika College, one of the pioneering education institutions that offer early childhood education and special needs diploma and degree courses in Malaysia.\n\n\nFor so long, society has perceived education as a development of academic learning where the end game is good grades. It still does. Even if there are non-academic subjects in the curriculum, scoring straight As trumps everything else in the eyes of parents, educators and certain employers. Now, it appears that this system is encroaching into pre-school. But is it beneficial to a child’s development? More so, is it advised for a child below the age of 5? If we need an idea, just consider the results of our academic-inclined education system based on the calibre of Malaysian graduates today. Based on a 2017 report from Bank Negara, 78% of multinational companies stated that it would not hire Malaysian graduates for six reasons: lack of confidence and self-esteem, communication skills, leadership traits (they are good followers but not leaders), problem-solving skills, creative and critical thinking skills.\n\n\nChild-centred curriculum\n\n\nAccording to Chee Ling, parents need to stop dictating what their children should know at a given age. “The child should take the centre role in their own education and learning and not be concerned about meeting their parents’ expectations.” This is one of the key elements of the play-based approach where a teacher essentially plans individual lessons based on their observations of the particular child. “It’s a non-prescriptive curriculum so it doesn’t demand that the child must be able to do a set of things by this time or age. It’s a holistic approach that aims to facilitate the whole development of a child. So, essentially we’re saying to the child, the curriculum has to match you and not the other way around, which is normally the case,” shares Sean Dolan, the Academic Dean of New Zealand Tertiary College (NZTC).\n\n\nThis shared philosophy of ‘child-centred early education’ is what brought Dika College and NZTC together. Dika recently partnered with NZTC, New Zealand’s foremost private early childhood education institution, to offer its 3+0 Bachelor of Education (Early Childhood Education) programme in Malaysia. The aim is to raise the calibre of ECE teachers in Malaysia. Through this partnership, Chee Ling says she also hopes to be able to learn more from New Zealand’s advanced early childhood education sector. “New Zealand is world-famous for ECE and has a lot to offer Malaysia in terms of knowledge and experience. Their established ECE sector is a great model of what we aspire to manifest in Malaysia,” shares Chee Ling.\n\n\nFor this to happen however, it is imperative for parents and stakeholders like early childhood centre operators and policymakers to realise the importance of ECE. Essentially, ECE is about the holistic development of the child. It concerns their social, physical, psychological, mental and spiritual development. Through ECE, children are taught and trained in decision-making and how to work in teams. They are encouraged to develop their imagination, creativity and leadership. And these are the very qualities that employers are seeking in prospective employees. “In fact, according to the United Nations, every dollar you invest on one child on ECE, the country saves seven dollars later on things like savings on welfare,” shares Dolan.\n\n\nEmbracing a child’s individuality\n\n\nThere is also an urgent need to shift from a structured curriculum that doesn’t embrace a child’s individuality. “Every child is different, they have unique interests, learning curve and background. A curriculum needs to be inclusive to consider these factors and accommodate the child,” says Chee Ling. This will not only require a teacher to view the child as an individual but to find ways to nurture the child as she is, help her develop holistically and grow confidence. And this is the goal of the play-based approach.\n\n\nIn a play-based curriculum, a teacher has a strong presence in the child’s development. “So, the teacher works with the child primarily to identify interests. It could be that the child is interested in cars. So, the teacher then develops a curriculum around his interests and builds in learning into those play-based activities as well. So this makes the child motivated. And because he is motivated in whatever it is he is doing, he is learning. And it’s because you’re not taking play away from the child,” shares Dolan.\n\n\nSocio-cultural approach\n\nWhen it comes to education especially early years, parents play a crucial role. “It’s a big part of the curriculum to partner with the parents. It informs the teacher on how to plan for the child’s curriculum. Especially in a multicultural society like in New Zealand and Malaysia, a teacher can’t know all the parents know about the child and what they do with the child at home. Every family is quite different depending on the culture that the child is brought up in. So partnership with parents is crucial, it’s important to learn as much from the parents to plan the ideal curriculum for the child that will encourage their holistic development.”\n\n\nDolan cites an example of a child in West Auckland, which has a strong Pacific Island community. One of the children called Hunter who was around 2 or 3 years old would just bang on everything he could get his hands on. “With the socio-cultural approach, the teacher recognised the importance of parents. She spoke to the parents and found out that drumming is a big thing in their culture and the father is actually the lead drummer of his community. After knowing all that, she could then plan for that child’s learning a lot better like promote his sense of leadership. If she didn’t have the conversation with the parents and weren’t interested in the unique contribution of that child, more than likely she would have said: be quiet, stop drumming and would take away the things he was drumming. And the boy would never be able to realise his identity as a boy from the Pacific community.”\n\n\nSeeing the child as an equal\n\n\nThe consideration of a child’s socio-cultural background is possible because each child is not only treated as an individual but as someone who is here to make a contribution to society. “It is also about considering the child with respect and care. I think the world is gradually becoming more considerate of children’s rights. We’re starting to see children as people rather than little people training to be people.  This automatically shifts how we think about ECE as well. When we start thinking of children as having their own rights, we stop trivialising them. We understand that they should be allowed to be children and enjoy their years being children and allow them to play. And we start seeing that this is actually how children learn (through play). So, the worst thing you can do is to force the child to sit down and do what you want them to do,” states Dolan.\n\n\nDolan notes that it takes a lot of time for this shift to happen. Even in New Zealand, although a lot of people agreed about children’s rights, it took time to actually believe it and act on it. This is why he is enthusiastic about the “little” voice in Malaysia that is speaking up for children’s right to be children and not force-fed academic learning. But Chee Ling says there is more than this aspect to look into in Malaysia’s ECE sector. For now, she is focused on facilitating properly qualified ECE teachers through academic programmes at Dika College. Also, as a passionate advocate of ECE in Malaysia, she recently organised an inaugural symposium on ECE, bringing together parents, teachers and stakeholders to consider the holistic wellbeing of children.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9543777108192444}
+{"content": "Finger exersises picture\n\n      As a piano teacher, I am always looking for new and more effective piano exercises for my students. I have tried a lot of finger exercises written by Bauer, Berens, Bertini, Brahms, Bergmüller, Concone, Cramer, Czerny, Dohnányi, Döring, Duvornoy, Gurlitt, Hanon, Heller, Herz, Hutcheson, Kohler, Kullak, Kovacs, Le Couppey, MacFerren, Maylath Moszkowski, Philipp, Pischna, Plaidy, Safonoff, Schmitt, Schulz, Stamaty, Streabbog, Wieck, Zoltan, and others, but I have not been able to find an elementary finger exercises book for beginners that would exactly suit my purpose. Hanon’s or Schmitt’s finger exercises are on white keys only, and if you modulate to other keys, they are still very static on selected keys. Dohnányi’s, Pischna’s and others are essential exercises for more advanced pianists, which are not suitable for elementary level students. After three weeks of hard work, I gave myself a birthday present on May third: I made myself put all my ideas on paper and use my forty years of experience to write my\n\n             Essential Elementary Finger Exercises.\n\nThe purpose of this book is to teach piano beginners to\n\n  1) keep their fingers inside the keyboard, just in front of the black\n\n\n  2) Then reach with their fingers the black keys without any\n\n       movement of the wrist or forearm.\n\nIn 220 finger exercises, the first and the fifth finger stay on the same keys, while allowing the other fingers to dynamically reach black and white keys in every measure.\n\n   My Essential Elementary Finger Exercises has two parts:\n\n  1) In the first part, both hands move in a parallel fashion.\n\n  2) In the second part, both hands move in an opposite direction,\n\n      which is often overlooked by others that write elementary finger\n\n\nStudents should always practice the first measure of the same exercise from both parts of the book (for example, exercise number 2 from part one and part two). After they master the first measure, students continue to the rest of the exercise with no movement of the wrist or forearm in any direction. Only the fingers reach for the black keys and then slide back onto the white keys. For illustration, please review my finger exercises video.\n\n   Note: I find the first part of my finger exercises book very musically stimulating when moving from the church, minor, Spanish, major, Arabic and other scales. The second part is very demanding on the students’ ears but very useful. I hope that you will have fun with these essential elementary finger exercises as I have had to composing them.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7851030826568604}
+{"content": "The Breath of Life\n\n\nHave you ever thought about Inspiration?  What inspires us?  Where does inspiration come from?  What exactly is inspiration?  Inspiration is defined in dictionaries as the process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.  Even once defined it’s a term difficult to explain and more difficult to study.  Some say that inspiration is a feeling, others describe it as an energy outside of themselves.  Inspiration is often fleeting, it is only apparent when acted upon, you can not see inspiration, you can only see the byproduct.  Although you may see something that can elicit inspiration.  Inspiration isn’t an act, but you can be motivated to act because of it.\n\nI began thinking about inspiration while studying for an exam.  I came across the word while studying the cardio-respiratory  (heart & lungs) system.  The word I’m studying means, inhalation,  breathing in or “active ventilation” as my text-book refers to it.  It is one of the two phases of breathing.   When we exhale (breath out), the second phase,  the air moves out of our bodies and that process is called expiration.\n\n\nIsn’t it interesting how the same word used to describe a creative force that can motivate us to act is the same word meaning to breath in?  Think about this, when God created man, he formed us from the dust, then he blew his breath into us.  He blew his inspiration into us!  Our first breath was an inspiration from God.  And when we die, our final breath is exhaled and we say that person has expired.\n\nThe Bible says in Genesis 2:7 Then the LORD God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being(NIV).  In other translations the word for being is translated “soul”.  No matter how you read it though Adam was an empty shell until God breathed life into him.  This was illustrated through the physical action of inhalation, inspired by God.\n\n\nIn 2 Timothy 3:16 Paul says, “All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness.”  In this example we see how God’s inspiration is expressed in the creation of scripture.\n\n\nSome of us still need Gods breath today.�� We feel like that empty shell, with no inspiration.  On the inside we feel as though we have expired.\n\nOne of the most common techniques used to counter anxiety is deep breathing.  This deep inhalation provides our bodies with the oxygen we need to feed our cells and maintain health.  When we are anxious we breath quick shallow breaths which do not allow our bodies to eliminate the carbon dioxide that builds up in our cells and bloodstream.  This causes our bodies to become acidic, this imbalance in our PH causes us to feel panicky and continues the cycle of anxiety.  Simply put, breathing in a deep cleansing breath truly heals us.  Often we hear the phrase “exhale”, meaning to relax.  Exhalation feels good, it’s the final cleansing of the toxins within us but life-giving oxygen is provided only through inspiration.\n\nGreen Zebra Collective logo option\n\nIf you’re feeling empty and dead on the inside, let the life-giving God-breathed scriptures be your inspiration.\n\n\n\n\n\nThanks for stopping by, please share your thoughts here.\n\n\n%d bloggers like this:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6075271964073181}
+{"content": "Anderson Shelters\n\n\nIt is December 1941. You have been asked to write a report on Anderson Shelters. This is to be divided into two sections.\n\nAnderson Shelters: Main Article\n\n(1) A report on what has been happening concerning Anderson Shelters since the outbreak of the war.\n\nThings you should consider include:\n\n(a) What are Anderson shelters?\n\n(b) What do they look like?\n\n(c) How much do they cost?\n\n(d) Why did Sir John Anderson arrange for so many to be built?\n\n\nThings you should consider include:\n\n(a) Are there any problems with Anderson shelters?\n\n(b) Are most people using Anderson shelters?\n\n(c) Should you be recommending the production of more Anderson shelters?\n\n(d) Should the government be promoting the use of other types of shelters?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8598570227622986}
+{"content": "Interesting Times for Interest Rates\n\nInteresting Times for Interest Rates\n\n\nThe following was published in Prairie Business Magazine's February 2018 issue, written by Dennis Walsh, Chief Credit Officer at First International Bank & Trust.\n\nFour rate increases by the Federal Reserve in the last year have caught the attention of individuals and businesses as Prime Rate has jumped from 3.50% to 4.50%.  Ironically Prime Rate was at a historically low level of 3.25% for over seven years following the 2008 downturn.  For those of us that remember rates over 20% in the early 80’s and consistently over 12% for most of a decade, these rates seem very low.  By contrast many in business and especially financial services have never experienced double digit borrowing rates.  Rate increases have stimulated discussion about future rate trends and potential impacts to businesses and individuals.\n\nThe Federal Reserve has indicated a possibility to continue rate increases in 2018 with speculation that rates may increase another .5 to 1.0%.  However, their decisions will be impacted by economic trends and especially by inflation and GDP growth.  Also, the global economy will impact domestic rates as much of the world still has lower interest rates than America.  Continued domestic growth coupled with strong global growth, especially in major economies, could signal a longer term increasing rate trend.\n\nA long term trend of higher rates has unique impacts for each sector of our economy.  For example, a 2% increase in residential mortgage rates would slow housing demand and would place downward pressure on property values.  As rates increase, buyers qualify for smaller mortgages because a greater amount of their income is allocated to interest.  The family that qualified for a $350,000 mortgage may only afford a $320,000 level which impacts values.\n\nBusinesses considering purchase of long term assets also are impacted by higher rates.  The impact is strongest for assets that provide a lower level of return on investment such as real estate.  Additionally the carrying cost of inventory and underperforming assets become larger concerns as rates increase.  Higher interest rates require all businesses to reassess borrowing costs in management decisions.  Also businesses that have grown with debt and are carrying significant long term debt feel the immediate impact of higher interest costs to their bottom line.\n\nAgriculture producers are significantly impacted by higher interest rates because of the large capital requirements for ownership of land and expensive equipment.  Agricultural real estate has historically low return on investment so the low interest rates of the past 15 years have helped to stimulate agricultural real estate values.  Higher long term rates coupled with current commodity values and declining agricultural income could put significant pressure on agricultural real estate values.\n\nWe learned in the 1980’s that interest rates have a secondary impact on the value of the dollar versus foreign currencies.  If we see significant strengthening of dollar values we can expect pressure on industries with dependency on exports such as manufacturing and especially agriculture.  If dollar values increase by 10% versus foreign currency, we can expect a similar decrease in significant regional commodities such as wheat and edible beans where the majority of production is exported.\n\nCommodities such as soybeans that are less dependent on export demand may not experience the same downward pressure, but if currency values in countries such as Brazil decline, we may see increased soybean imports pressuring local values.\n\nSome businesses which are not dependent on large fixed assets may feel little direct impact from higher interest rates.  However if the rates slow economic growth or negatively impact business clients all businesses will experience indirect impacts.  The high rates of the early 1980’s were used as a tool to stop rampant inflation but they also slowed economic growth to a crawl.\n\nFor business and individuals we can speculate on interest rate trends, but none of us know what will happen.  Just as we need to make adjustments for outside forces such as weather, competition and impact of economic trends, we need to manage the impact of interest rates.  During times of historically high interest rates, many businesses in our region grew and remained profitable.  Strongly managed businesses will continue to enjoy success in spite of interest rate impacts.\n\n‹ Back to the Blog Overview", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9971365332603455}
+{"content": "Cambridge Analytica’s Impact on the EU Referendum\n\nLabour Party\n\nFollowing Mark Zuckerberg’s testimony in the European Parliament two weeks ago, a conference held last night with influential speakers, some of whom were directly involved in breaking the Cambridge Analytica news story, in which delegates were told about the lengths to which the now dissolved company went to in order to achieve the results it was being paid to get.\n\nAmong the speakers were Carole Cadwalladr, the Guardian journalist who was one of the first to break the story, Christopher Wiley, the former Cambridge Analytica employee and whistleblower, and Elizabeth Denham, the UK Information Commissioner.\n\nAlthough we have heard his story before, listening to Wiley’s account was nevertheless chilling. Cambridge Analytica took personal data from Facebook users and exploited it to skew democratic elections and referendums. Wiley described this situation as a “New Online Cold War.”\n\nSpecifically, in relation to the EU referendum, Wiley told MEPs about a tangled web of influence across the Atlantic. Both Leave campaigns were connected to Cambridge Analytica and its subsidiaries. However, Wiley pointed to possible breaches in UK electoral law, as there were connections with other groups such as BeLeave, Veterans for Leave, and even the DUP – the very party which the UK Government has formed a coalition with.\n\nWhatever the result of the various investigations taking place into the Leave campaigns, the big tech companies will have questions to answer. It was known well before the 2016 EU referendum and US Presidential Election that Facebook users’ data could be manipulated in this way.\n\nCadwalladr expressed her frustration as a journalist, with the denial and lack of complete answers from tech companies – a sentiment shared by many in Brussels after Zuckerberg’s evasive testimony in the European Parliament two weeks ago.\n\nEqually, in her view the European Parliament has the opportunity to get answers from Nigel Farage and Gerard Batten, the current leader of UKIP, who also avoid questions from journalists investigating the case.\n\nOnly the EU has the economic and political clout to take on these internet giants. From competition rules to copyright, and now to defending our democracies, the EU is able to stand up to huge companies like Google and Facebook and make them play by the same rules as everyone else.\n\nWhat exactly was the Brexit manifesto?\n\nLabour Party\n\nThe European Parliamentary Labour Party (EPLP) has raised concerns over the future of Britain’s immediate involvement of the European Membership and our current membership following the referendum.\n\nThere are, the EPLP warns, “two unpalatable options”. These are currently being contemplated but both of options are problematic. Some believe we can exit the European Union but retain membership to the European Single Market. The issue with this is that in order to gain full access, Britain must accept the common rules, and this means it will no longer have a say over future changes. A further consideration is that one of the central points of many leave campaigners was the issue of free movement of labour.\n\nThe free movement of labour, is part of the strict criteria which members must sign up to if they are to enjoy membership to and trade in the single market. It is very likely therefore that the UK would need to accept free movement as part of the terms.\n\nThe other alternative advocated by some ‘Brexiteers’ was to leave the single market entirely. In this scenario the damage to the economy will be significant, not least because we would face tariffs on exports to the EU.\n\nIn addition, many current trade agreements we have in place globally will need to be replaced because these deals were agreed as part of our relationship with the EU. They were made centrally by the European Union. So the UK would need to rapidly re negotiate trade agreements to replace these.\n\nAlthough the result of the referendum was to end our membership of the European Union, there is no explicit mandate for what happens next as my colleague Richard Corbett MEP has pointed out.\n\nThe problem with the Brexit campaign, as we now know, is that there was no clear plan offered for life post Brexit. Neither was there a clear manifesto and as a result the next steps are muddy and unclear. A full debate in the British Parliament is therefore essential.\n\nRichard Corbett said yesterday: “The idea that the recent referendum has completely settled the issue is surely dead. Referendums are supposed to settle issues. But does the UK look settled and calm?”\n\nThe new Prime Minister has a huge task ahead of her (or him) and how s/he directs the narrative and the first stage of negotiations is crucial, but first Parliament must hold a full and in depth debate about the future of negotiations.\n\nLord Mandelson sets out his ‘Better In’ argument to the City:\n\nLabour Party\n\nDelivering a speech in the City of London yesterday, the former EU trade commissioner, Lord Mandelson, warned of the implications for Britain’s ability to trade in favourable terms with the EU in the event of a Brexit.\n\nHe explained how our ability to trade freely would be hindered not only in the European Union but also that it would have wider ramifications affecting our position in the global community and could impact our position as the fifth largest economy.\n\nIn his speech, Lord Mandelson pointed out that renegotiating the terms of trade would take a significant amount of time to arrange if we voted to leave. “What is at stake are the terms on which we would trade, especially for the financial services that are a vital part of UK trade. And just how long it would take to negotiate these terms,” he told the audience.\n\nHe also pointed out that Britain would have no say in the terms and conditions of trade agreements and would have to comply with European terms in order to get full un hindered access. “In Europe we will only get full, unhindered access if we re-accept all the regulatory rules and standards of the Single Market. Period. It’s a binary choice.”\n\nHe explained his experience in trade negotiations (he was the EU Commissioner between 2004-2008) meant he understood just how complicated trade policy is, far more so than the ‘Brexiters’ suggest.\n\nClearly, by exiting Europe Britain would not be in a strong bargaining position, “a politically-charged negotiation of a free trade agreement with the EU would, in reality, be much harder than this argument suggests,” he said.\n\nLord Mandelson also pointed out that as a result of the major disruption caused by leaving the single market “there would be a loss of the favourable access our exporters have in other parts of the world as a result of our self-exclusion from the EU’s common trade policy and its international trade deals would have more profound consequences than the Brexit argument admits.”\n\nRecovering from these profound consequences would be difficult, Lord Mandelson warned. Developing a new set of British global deals “will be hard to obtain and won’t even come close to compensating for either of these two setbacks”, he said.\n\nHe reminded the audience that the European Union is Britain’s largest market, thousands of British SME businesses join cross-border supply chains and production networks. The effect harmonization and standardization has on businesses means impediments, such as tariffs, to doing business are removed.\n\nYou can read more on Lord Mandelson’s speech here:\n\nWhat would happen to the two million plus ex-patriates in a Brexit?\n\nLabour Party\n\nOne area which has not been considered fully in the event of a Brexit, is the major impact it would have on the estimated 2 million (plus) ex-patriate community who live across countries within the European Union.\n\nShould the British electorate vote to leave the European Union in the 23 June referendum, then the current reciprocal arrangements between the UK and other member states which see ex-pats health care and pensions protected would likely stop. At the very best they would be re-negotiated out of all recognition and any EU member state could legitimately say: “We are no longer prepared to have this on-going reciprocal arrangement with you.”\n\nWhile the ‘divorce’ will take some time to negotiate, the impact on the expatriate community could be immediate. And if Britain were to go ahead and deny EU citizens special arrangements then it is very likely this would be reciprocated by EU member states.\n\nFor example, ex-pats would probably lose their right to freedom of movement within the EU and could be limited to stays of just 90 days out of 180 unless they are granted a permanent residency card, and even then they would need to provide proof of sufficient income in order to be able to support themselves.\n\nOf course it’s not just the ex-pat community who could face such restrictions. Anyone wishing to work in a member state may well be required to apply for a visa in order to work across mainland Europe.\n\nAnother area of obvious concern is the implications for health care provision. The ex-patriate community would also likely be affected by changes to rules applying to health care. The current arrangement, whereby using the European Health Insurance Card guarantees free treatment, would no longer be valid and healthcare provision which currently exists would likely be withdrawn meaning ex-pats would be forced to pay for treatment or buy private healthcare insurance.\n\nThere would also be implications for pension payments if Britain left the EU British pensioners would effectively be frozen out of any increases in the UK state pension in the same way that ex-pats who live in other parts of the world such as South Africa or Canada are forced to abide by.\n\nMeanwhile the British Government would also have to embark on a series of country-by-country negotiations. Indeed the UK could end up with 27 different bi-lateral agreements; progressing this would be protracted, complicated and would inevitably lead to months of uncertainty.\n\nFurthermore, not all ex-patriates are eligible to vote in the EU referendum. Despite the Government’s promise to abolish the 15 year rule, which bars long term ex-pats from being able to vote in UK parliamentary elections, the Votes for Life Bill has yet to be tabled in Parliament, which means those who have lived outside the UK for more than 15 years will not be able to participate.\n\nEx-patriates who are eligible to vote must register online urgently.\n\nThis is an area which is easy to forget about but those campaigning to remain in the European Union should pay attention because it will have huge consequences for the two million (plus) people currently residing abroad.\n\nSixteen and Seventeen Year Olds should vote in the EU Referendum\n\nLabour Party\n\nI was gratified to see that the Prime Minister has conceded that the House of Commons should vote on whether 16 and 17 year olds should be eligible to vote in the referendum on EU membership.\n\nHe is, of course, personally opposed to extending the franchise for the EU vote, notwithstanding the fact that this group voted in the referendum on whether Scotland should remain in the United Kingdom.\n\nAs we know, Cameron’s argument is that the vote on EU membership should be done on the same basis as that used for general elections. Although such an arrangement would clearly favour the Conservatives, it is difficult to understand his logic, particularly in the light of the extension of the franchise for Scotland. The EU referendum is not a political party contest as such. It is rather a vote by the British people about an issue of vital importance to them.\n\nResearch published today examining the potential voting patterns of 16-17 year olds in Scotland, revealed that two thirds would have voted in the general election had they had the opportunity to do so. Young people are engaged in politics. The fact that turn out in the 18 – 25 year old group is low in general elections says more about traditional politics in our country than young people’s attitudes towards their lives, how they are governed and what they care about.\n\nMany 16 and 17-year-olds are entering the world of work whether it is part time or full time; they are expected to pay taxes, contribute to national insurance, they are allowed to start a family, fight for their country live independently and get a mortgage. In other words they are allowed to participate in almost all areas of civic social and economic life and are treated as, and have the same responsibilities as, adults yet they are not allowed to participate in political life beyond supporting a political party.\n\nThe referendum in Scotland generated immense enthusiasm, the like of which has not been seen for a long time in elected politics. If the EU vote generates anything like the liveliness seen in Scotland that, in itself, will be a victory.\n\nBritain outside the EU would be much diminished. We rely on the European Parliament for not only our trade but also our place in the world.\n\nLet’s be truly democratic and give 16 and 17 years olds a vote on their future.\n\n\n\nLabour Party\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHoneyball’s Weekly Round-Up\n\nLabour Party\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nYou can read the full story in the Guardian online here.\n\n\n\nLabour Party\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7670769095420837}
+{"content": "Urban design magazine\n\nPublic spaces\n\nA brief history of street furniture\n\nImage of Guimard metro entrance in Paris\nGuimard metro entrance, Paris\n\nWhen Marc Aurel started his design career in 1990 the expression ‘street furniture design’ was little known among architects and designers.\n\nPeople were already talking about developing spaces and urban re-qualification, and the notion of street art had reappeared, but street objects still held a secondary place when designing public spaces. It was a detail and a background accessory to which little attention was paid. Project managers, architects and urban planners willingly delegated the task to subcontractors or technical teams.\n\nUrban design: a neglected field\n\nNo one seemed to take these object into account in their projects. These objects are, however, designed to increase comfort in public spaces, whilst creating a strong identity and a perception of quality. The task could be cumbersome to landscape designers, technical studies agencies, architects, building companies and the sometimes even designers. The chosen designer imagined these ‘urban components1’ with inspiration from different elements of the overall project. The approach was largely based on his or her professional experience. The scope of the study depended directly on the, often limited, time and resources invested.\n\nThis kind of disassociated approach had the disadvantage of offering a very specific and often limited vision. However coherent the objects, they revealed above all the functional and economic priorities which undermined the integrity of the project. Under these conditions it was often easier to opt for generic equipment from catalogues. In the absence of alternatives, some purchasing advisors chose this option, which was offered by a handful of urban furniture suppliers2.\n\nGreat urban planners with an overall vision of the city\n\nIn contrast to this spontaneous and often clumsy management of the new, uncontrolled growth of agglomerations across France, cities were still weighed down by Haussmann’s imposing 19th century legacy3. This legacy included iconic street furniture that was, and still is, universally loved: the Morris Columns built in 1842 by architect Gabriel Davioud, the Wallace fountains carrying the name of their sponsor and designer that have been providing the city with water since 1872  and not forgetting the emblematic metro entrances designed by Guimard in 1900.\n\nIn the 19th century, the industrial revolution greatly changed the face of French cities. It became vital to find a way to organise urban spaces and this gave rise to beginnings of modern urban planning. The development of Barcelona by the Catalan engineer Ildefons i Sunyer Cerdà4 in 1860, marked the city’s transformation from an old city to an industrial one. Like Haussmann, Cerdà drew on new sanitation theories, as well as integrating communication and transport networks. Urban furniture was used to decorate public spaces while also offering passersby a multitude of services.\n\nIn 1889, the Austrian architect and historian Camillo Sitte claims to have laid the foundations of artistic urban planning in ‘City Planning According to Artistic Principles’. He analysed ancient cities to find a balance between empty spaces and buildings on a human scale. He advocated using curves and perspective to stage public life and enhance the relationship between individuals and institutions. These reflections did not extent to street objects, but set contours of a design approach favouring harmonious proportions.\n\nThe British urban planner Ebenezer expressed his vision of the ideal city based on a community model joining the city and the countryside in ‘Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform’, 1898. The invention of the ‘garden city’ was, according to its creator, ‘an original combination of different proportions5’ capable of housing a new society.\n\nImage of Howard's plan for an ideal 'garden city'\n\nThe ideal ‘garden city’, imagined by Ebenezer Howard\n\nIt is clear that individual well-being is primarily determined and influenced by a city’s organisation. Although street objects provide a direct relationship with citizens, there were no precise design recommendations as they are considered to be an adaptation of the overall design.\n\nThe emergence of functionalism\n\nIn the 20th century, sensitive and decorative approaches to public spaces deriving from Renaissance models were replaced by a functionalist vision of the city6. This ‘machine-city7’ was useful, efficient and rational. Progressive urban planners8 divided space into localised functional areas with green spaces and linked by differentiated traffic lanes.\n\nImage of Le Plan Voisin - New design for Paris by Le Corbusier\n\nLe Plan Voisin – design for Paris by Le Corbusier in 1925\n\nFollowing the ‘La Cité Industrielle’ (projet for an ideal city) by Tony Garnier9, Le Corbusier developed an urban redesign project for the centre of Paris in 1925, ‘Le Plan Voisin’. It offered a functionalist vision of the city, which moved away dramatically from the traditional city model. The geometrical design used new building materials such as steel, reinforced concrete and glass to create orderly spaces and functions that ensured the population’s well-being10. Unfortunately, the emptiness left between the monotonous and rectangular buildings stripped of all ‘superfluous’ objects or decoration left little room for the imagination.\n\nReturning to a social vision: the Barcelona urban project\n\nNew ways of analysing social relations appeared in the social sciences and were at the heart of contemporary urban planning and environmental psychology11. By definition, public spaces are spaces everyone passes through and where people meet each other. According to the German philosopher and socialist Jürgen Habermas12, they are the context and setting for public debate. They are also a place of questioning. Empty spaces had been neglected for a long time in favour of buildings. They are at a crossroads between the different disciplines and professionals involved in constructing our cities that need to be brought together. This complex constantly evolving space had started to acquire strategic importance.\n\nIn the early 1960s under new local regulations13, companies such as JCDecaux tried to harmonise urban design by offering a coherent range of public fittings14. However, it was not until the 1980s that innovative urban projects moved away from old fashioned and stereotypical visions of public spaces. The urban renewal project implemented by the mayor of Barcelona, Pasqual Maragall i Mira, to prepare the city for the 1992 Olympics was an important catalyst. At the end of the dark years of Franco, this project to redefine the city of Barcelona designed by the architect Oriol Bohigas and the urban planner Joan Busquets was a kind of resurrection.\n\nImage of L’Avinguda Diagonal in Barcelona\n\nL’Avinguda Diagonal in Barcelona, an extended road\n\nAmbitious urban restructuring projects were unveiled and established as ‘project-programmes’ driven by civic values and economic strategy. Urban planners, architects and designers let their creativity run free to become, through global approaches, social diversity and synergies, a source of cohesion between places and their occupants. This consensual approach, described as ‘democratic urbanism’, dominated in many European cities including Lyon.\n\nThe 1990s in France: the revival\n\nIn the 1990s, Lyon redeveloped public spaces to enhance the quality of life of its inhabitants. Redesigning shared spaces became a key political theme making the city a privileged site for research and creative experimentation. The city was no longer solely structured around the communication axes that linked the important buildings and were dominated by cars. Instead, it became a lived space with multiple networks. This was also the opportunity for city councilors to leave their mark on the city by asserting a unique urban identity.\n\nImage of Lyon renovation project\n\nLyon’s redefined public spaces –  Didier Boy de la Tour\n\nIdeas and methodology were extended as designers started to fully understand the important impact environment has on inhabitants’ well being. Pluri and interdisciplinary collaborations in the 1960s aimed to reconcile the object and the subject within the same scientific or creative approach, in order to recontextualise problems that had previously been separated by restrictive boundaries between disciplines.\n\nFrom then on, sociology and the humanities integrated the different elements of urban planning in a more comprehensive analysis of the expectations, stakes, relationships and implications.  Together sociology, ethnology, anthropology, psychology, history, geography, linguistics, philosophy and other sciences offered their input in contextualising studies, which is vital for any urban planning project.\n\nDesign as a concrete response to new questions\n\nDesign, and its transversal approach at the meeting point between many disciplines, is interested in urban planning problems. It helps enhance the quality of a city through landscaping, street furniture, harmonising spaces, different surfaces, directional signage, heritage and transport.\n\nThe role of designer begins where the landscape designer and architect leave off – the former defining the city’s general morphology and organisation and the latter giving the city its concrete form.  Of course, urban design is not limited to defining land uses or linking the major exchange and travel axes. It is also about producing spatial compositions and giving recommendations in terms of organisation, which take into account both overall strategies and local constraints.\n\nHowever, these interventions usually take place at the level of the agglomeration, or at and best, in specific area15. They lack the immediate and familiar dimension that users encounter during their everyday wanderings. This confrontation creates a very concrete link between the individual and the city.\n\nThe main advantage of design is that it controls users’ immediate environment at a very personal level to create a meaningful and harmonious atmosphere. Street furniture is a privileged point of entry for creating this intimate experience. Within vast public spaces, their reduced scale establishes a more direct, almost domestic environment, which constructs and reinforces the overall identity and enhances quality.\n\n\n\n1/ Pierre Merlin, Françoise Choay, Dictionnaire de l’urbanisme et de l’aménagement (Dictionary of urbanism and development), PUF, Paris, 1988 (reimprinted 1996, 2000, 2005).\n\n\n2/ JCDecaux, GHM, Eclatec, Sineu Graff, Comatelec etc.\n\n\n3/ The strict construction norms imposed on architects by Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, prefect from 1853 – 1870, can be summarised by the ambitious title of the renovation programme ‘Paris embellie, Paris agrandie, Paris assainie.’ (A more beautiful, bigger and cleaner Paris)\n\n\n4/ Cerdà presents his Barcelona development project in, La Teoria general de la urbanización y applicación de sus principios y doctrinas a la reforma y ensanche de Barcelona (Theories on urbanisation and its application to reform and expand Barcelona), published in 1867.\n\n\n5/ Terms used by the patent office to describe a ‘garden city’.\n\n\n6/ Enacted in 1933 by the Athenes Urbanism Charter’for IVe International Modern Architecture Congress under the aegis of Le Corbusier.\n\n\n7/ Once futurism had advocated the aesthetic value of the machine, Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, who took the pseudoynm of Le Corbusier in 1921, declared in Vers une architecture (Towards An Architecture), G. Crès, 1924, p. 73, that ‘a house is an inhabitable machine.’\n\n\n8/ Progressive architecture appeared in 1928 at the inaugural Modern Architecture Congress (CIAM) organised by Le Corbusier among others.\n\n\n9/ Tony Garnier, Une cité industrielle (An Industrial City). Study for constructing cities, Paris, 1917.\n\n\n10/ ‘Où l’ordre règne, naît le bien-être’ (‘Well being stems from order’), Le Corbusier, Vers une architecture, p. 38-39.\n\n\n11/ Environmental psychology appeared in the 1950s, driven by architects and urban planners who wanted to offer users a pleasant environment adapted to their use. It ‘studies the relationships between individuals and their physical and social environment in both spatial or temporial terms.’ Moser, G. & Weiss, K. Espaces de vie. Aspects de la relation homme-environnement (Living Spaces. Aspects of man’s relationship with his environment), Armand Colin, Paris, 2003.\n\n\n12/ ‘Bourgeois public sphere may be conceived above all as the sphere of private people come together as a public; they soon claim the public sphere regulated from above against the public authorities themselves.’ Jürgen Habermas, Public Space. Archeology of advertising as an element of bourgeois society, Payot, Paris, 1997.\n\n\n13/ Relating largely to rationalising advertising.\n\n\n14/ Promoted using advertising to ensure profitability.\n\n\n15/ According to the sociologist Henri Lefebvre, architecture lies at a ‘microsociological’ levels, while ‘city planning is a macrosociological problem’, touching ‘society as a whole’. Does this mean that the designer stands at ‘nanosociological’ level?\n\n\nExtract from ‘Domestiquer l’espace public’ (Domesticating Public Spaces’ – Archibooks\n\nKey words", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8750743865966797}
+{"content": "Noah C. Lekas\n\nCalifornia has a way of plucking writers out of the Midwest and bleaching their roots with utopic sun. For poet, essayist and journalist Noah C Lekas, the coasts have done little to diminish his Wisconsin birth. With Thoreauvian romanticism and post-punk contrarianism, Lekas embodies a defiant working class pursuit of consciousness while grappling with an often overlooked and undervalued American experience.\n\nHis first book, Saturday Night Sage (March 2019) will be Blind Owl’s first literary release. A collection of narrative poetry and prose, Lekas chronicles his journey through the minimum wage working world and rock & roll counter-culture with a monastic focus on transcending the materialism of Western society. Having written and lived in a half-dozen states, from New York and California to Montana and Tennessee, Lekas’ work is every bit as restless as the rarely-traveled roads that cut through the wildest counties in this country.\n\nWebsite / Instagram\n\n\n\n\nUpcoming Shows", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9662831425666809}
+{"content": "Five a Charm for Gilmore Girls, Tracy Morgan\n\nPublish date:\n\nChristmas came early for The WB’s Gilmore Girls and NBC’s Tracy Morgan.\n\nFive was the magic number for both shows, with Gilmore Girls renewed for a fifth season, through 2004-05, and NBC placing an order for five more episodes of The Tracy Morgan Show. Both shows air Tuesdays at 8 p.m.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9827614426612854}
+{"content": "Justice for Titan\n\nThis petition made change with 1,291 supporters!\n\nTitan is a dog who was surrendered to a local rescue from the city limits of Shelton, Washington. He came into rescue 10/29/17. His body condition at the veterinarian appointment was a 2 on a scale of 1-9. He was severely dehydrated and emaciated has an ear infection, signs of prolonged exposure to the elements, evidence of being chained or otherwise confined for a long period of time and wounds that were partially healed from neglect. Titan is 2, in his short life he has known nothing but abuse and he deserves justice. \n\nWe are asking that the City of Shelton police/Animal Control and the prosecuting attorney to investigate and prosecute the person or people responsible  \n\n\n\nToday: Lisa is counting on you\n\nLisa Kirk-Thomsen needs your help with “City of Shelton Animal Control : Justice for Titan”. Join Lisa and 1,290 supporters today.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7173902988433838}
+{"content": "Natural remedies for stress and anxietyNatural remedies for stress and anxiety.\n\nAs someone who runs their own complementary therapy business, I know what it’s like to feel stressed and anxious on occasion. Money worries, public speaking, daily administration tasks can leave me feeling fraught and unbalanced. But what if there were some natural solutions to help?\n\nAs a homeopathic practitioner, I often use homeopathic remedies to help me relieve symptoms of stress and obviously prescribe a fair few to my clients too! They’re a natural, safe and an effective form of relief for both emotional and physical stress and easy to take when needed.\n\nIs stress bad for us?\n\n\nConstant stress causes our inner alarm system to remain turned on too long, and it becomes more and more difficult to shut if off. When not assessed and managed, stress can lead to serious illnesses such as heart disease or high blood pressure. It also takes a toll on the quality of our life, work, and relationships. Homeopathic medicines support your body’s need to calm down, relax, focus, and avoid agitation and exhaustion.\n\nWhat is homeopathy and how might it help with stress?\n\nHomeopathy is a form of complementary medicine that works with our natural healing process and has been successfully used for over 200 years. The word comes from Greek and means ‘similar suffering’. This refers to the central philosophy that a substance that can produce symptoms in a healthy person can heal those symptoms in a sick person. For example a person suffering from hayfever might be given the remedy Allium Cepa (prepared from an onion), because a healthy person chopping an onion usually experiences watering eyes and irritation. The substances are given in minute doses prepared in a special way to avoid unwanted side effects, making them safe to use for all ages.\n\nHomeopathy focuses on the cause of your health problem rather than just treating the symptoms so it’s best to see a qualified homeopath for the most individualised treatment.\n\nIs there any evidence that homeopathy can help with stress and anxiety?\n\nA randomised controlled (but not blinded) trial with 60 subjects was conducted in France with patients suffering from stress and anxiety in which half were given a homeopathic formula marketed as .L.72.2 in France and .Anti-anxiety. in the USA, while the control group was given a diazepam (Valium) (Heulluy, 1985). “The results indicated that L72 was as effective as diazepam on all measures.”\n\nRemedies to try\n\nHere I have listed some common remedies for stress relief and anxiety and the ‘symptom picture’ of each remedy. With homeopathic remedies the aim is to match your symptoms to the remedy as closely as possible. As I’m only listing a few below, it’s possible that you might not fit any of the remedies suggested so you would benefit from a more in depth consultation with a qualified homeopath.\n\nMost remedies can be purchased off the shelf from larger pharmacies such as Boots. Some need to be ordered from a homeopathic pharmacy. Nelsons, Ainsworths and Helios are all based in London and offer mail order services. It’s advisable to start with a 30c potency and take every hour or so when the feelings of stress are at their peak.\n\nArgentum Nitricum\n\n\n\n\nNux Vomica\n\n\n\n\nOther quick methods to help relieve stress\n\n  • Regular exercise. Physical activity is a great way to let off some steam. Exercise releases endorphins, our natural ‘feel good’ hormones, which boost energy levels and counteract stress hormones, such as cortisol.\n  • Take a short 10-15 minute break every few hours to rest and recuperate. Or go for a short walk to get some fresh air.\n\nIf you have found this article helpful it would be great if you could share it via email, facebook or twitter. I would also love to hear your stress-relief tips, please comment below to share them.\n\nUntil next time, have a happy, healthy week!\n\nClaire Zarb LCPH\nt: 07582 269569\ns: c.zarb\n\nPin It on Pinterest", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8227670192718506}
+{"content": "Monotheistic Religions\n\nReligion is an important area of study in any history class.\n\nBy Daniella Garran\n\n\nSymbols of the world's religions\n\nAlthough religion is a controversial topic (especially in public schools), it is an important part of history and should be taught as such. Educators can effectively teach this information without proselytizing or preaching so long as it is done from a historical perspective. For example, the rise of Judaism is integral to the study of ancient Mesopotamia while the life and teachings of Jesus are very relevant to a unit on ancient Rome. Knowing about the birth of Islam is part of understanding the development of the Middle East and of the modern world. In short, religion can be included in the curriculum as something that impacted the political, social and economic development of virtually every civilization since 5000 B.C.E.\n\nAs a way of relating the history of these monotheistic religions to the modern world, have students read the newspaper or watch the evening news for a week. Have students keep track of the number of stories that are somehow related to one or all of these monotheistic religions. Students quickly see that religion is still an issue that causes great conflict and that is very much a part of current events.\n\nAn interesting way to compare and contrast these three Abrahamitic religions is through their art. Art often chronicles the history and experiences of a certain group of people in addition to showing what is important to them. Studying the icons of the Byzantine era, the art of the Renaissance and Gothic architecture provides a fascinating look into Christianity. The art of Holocaust survivors and those who lived through pogroms in Eastern Europe documents an important time in the history of the Jewish people. Islamic art is equally interesting. It is mostly geometric or abstract rather than figurative. In short, a great deal can be learned about each of the religions by analyzing the art of their followers.\n\nAnother engaging way to learn about the role of religion in today’s world is to study recent court cases involving the First Amendment right to freedom of religion. Students may also be interested to learn about cases in other nations where people’s rights to religious freedom may not be as protected as those of the Americans people. Other current issues which might interest students are racial profiling and restrictions on religious dress (e.g.: burkas or headscarves).\n\nFinally, it is also important to study religious persecution throughout history. Students should understand the widespread persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire, the genocide of Europe’s Jews in the Holocaust and the attempts to convert Muslims during the Crusades. Here are six lesson plans which can enhance your student's understanding about monotheistic religions.\n\nMonotheistic Religions Lesson Plans:\n\nMonotheistic Religions\n\nThis lesson is a great introduction to the similarities and differences among Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Students become familiar with the founders and prophets of each religion, their respective beliefs and their places of origin. Suggestions are made for ways to extend learning including inviting local religious leaders to the class to speak and creating a color-coded map of where each religion is practiced today.\n\nJudaism and Christianity – Creatively\n\nStudents understand the fundamental similarities and differences between the world’s oldest two monotheistic religions. They research Judaism and Christianity in small groups in preparation for a presentation to the rest of the class. Extensions are also suggested for how to incorporate a study of Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism. Students also map the Middle East to develop an understanding of where historical events in Judaism and Christianity have taken place.\n\nComparing Three Religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity\n\nStudents begin with a jigsaw activity which will allow small groups to become “experts” on one religion. Once they have gathered all necessary information, they present their findings to the rest of the class. The class as a whole compares and contrasts the rituals, holidays, beliefs and texts of the three religions. \n\nModern-Day Pilgrimage to Israel\n\nThis creative lesson requires students to write a journal from the perspective of a modern-day pilgrim journeying to Jerusalem. Students can write from the perspective of a Jew, Muslim or Christian, each of which will have a different reason for visiting the Holy Land. Students are then encouraged to create a PowerPoint presentation for the rest of the class.\n\nMaking Sense of Islam\n\nThis lesson provides some important background material on the religion of Islam. It is especially important to impart accurate information about Islam to students who live in a world in which there are a great many misconceptions about the religion. Working in small groups, students prepare and present a report on Islam for the rest of the class.\n\nThe Three Major Monotheistic Religions\n\nThis is another comprehensive lesson which can help students develop an understanding of Judaism, Christianity and Islam by conducting independent research. Once the research is complete, students form “expert panels” on their assigned religions and teach the rest of the class. A link to WorldNet Virginia’s web site and travel log included which helps to make the information students have garnered come to life.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9897843599319458}
+{"content": "Merimbula actor honoured\n\nMerimbula actor Penelope Hunt in character as Ester with director Lis Shelley.\n\n\nPambula actor Penelope Hunt has gain accolades from Canberra after being named runner up for the Best Actor award in a recent play festival. \n\nPambula based Footprint Theatre's entry in the Canberra Short + Sweet play festival - 'Slow Dating' by Adam Szudrich - placed second in both the professional judges' and the audience's vote in the Week One heats.\n\nDirector Lis Shelley from Lochiel and Merimbula actor Penelope Hunt travelled again to Canberra two weeks ago for the gala final, where Penelope was named runner up for the Best Actor award for her role as Ester in 'Slow Dating'.\n\nThe play, about a 70-year-old married woman who attends a speed dating event for seniors, received praise from audience goers.\n\nFeedback included 'there should be more like it', 'very natural acting' and 'very effective use of lighting'.\n\nMs Hunt, who has been acting for many years, said she was absolutely gobsmacked when she heard her name called out. \n\n“It was just amazing,” Ms Hunt said. “It was the most exciting thing that’s happened to me since the birth of my children 40 years ago.”\n\nWith more than 80 actors performing at the festival in 30 different plays, runner up is no easy feat. \n\n“I was just so overcome, I could barely speak.” \n\nDirector Lis Shelley said she wasn’t overly surprised when Ms Hunt’s name was called out because she knew the audience loved the monologue and had received enormous amounts of positive feedback. \n\nMs Shelley was the whole reason behind why Ms Hunt was performing at the festival as Ms Shelley had been personally invited to direct a play, which is not a common occurance. \n\n“Lis was the mastermind behind the performance.” Ms Hunt said.\n\nFootprint Theatre's Michael Ubrihien from Bega also featured as an actor in the popular play called 'Brexit', the script for which won 'Best Script' at the gala final. \n\nThe festival was a great experience for all the writers, directors and actors concerned and Footprint Theatre looks forward to performing the play 'Slow Dating' in the Bega Valley as part of the Candelo Arts Society monthly variety night on November 18, together with other short theatre pieces.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.981231153011322}
+{"content": "Katie Graves\n\n\n\nProud alumni of Texas A&M University at Galveston where she received a B.S.  Degree with a concentration in marine biology. Katie is a lab rat who enjoys learning the latest analyzing and sampling techniques and sharing her knowledge with others. Her love for chemical oceanography comes from the diversity of its application, being a marine biogeochemist allows her to bridge the gap between different fields of study. Currently, Katie is launching a fermentation lab, located at the shore lab, that utilizes algae and anaerobic bacteria to produce biohydrogen and bio fertilizer. In her downtime Katie is an avid reader, runner, hiker, coffee drinker, knitter and tide pool adventurer. Gig'em Aggies!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8198941946029663}
+{"content": "The World's Carbon Budget Is Only Half as Big as Previously Thought\n\nBy Tim Radford / Climate News Network\n\n    The struggle to reduce consumption of fossil fuels must be intensified, climate scientists are warning. (Philip Milne via Flickr)\n\nThis piece first appeared at Climate News Network.\n\n\n\n\nAvailable levels\n\nIn effect, that halves the levels of diesel and petrol available for petrol tanks, coal for power stations, and natural gas for central heating and cooking available to humankind before the global average temperature — already 1°C higher than it was at the start of the Industrial Revolution — reaches the notional 2°C mark long agreed internationally as being the point of no return for the planet.\n\nIn fact, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change summit in Paris agreed a target “well below” 2°C, in recognition of ominous projections — one of which was that, at such planetary temperatures, sea levels would rise high enough to submerge several small island states.\n\n\nThe global exploitation, on a massive scale, of fossil fuels drove the expansion of agriculture, the growth of economies, a sevenfold growth in human population, a sea level rise of 14cms, and a temperature rise of, so far, 1°C.\n\nTo stop temperatures increasing another 3°C or more and sea levels rising by more than a metre, humans have to reduce fossil fuel emissions. By how much these must be reduced is difficult to calculate.\n\n\nThe global carbon budget is really the balance between what animals emit — in this context, the word animals includes humans with cars and aeroplanes and factories – and what plants and algae can absorb. So the calculations are bedevilled by uncertainties about forests, grasslands and oceans.\n\nTo make things simpler, climate scientists translate the target into the billions of tons of carbon dioxide that, ideally, may be released into the atmosphere from 2015 onwards. Even these, however, are estimates.\n\nThere is general agreement that a limit of 590 billion tons would safely keep the world from overheating in ways that would impose ever greater strains on human society. The argument is about the upper limit of such estimates.\n\n\n“This has been understood for about a decade, and the physics behind this concept are well understood, but many different factors can lead to carbon budgets that are either slightly smaller or slightly larger. We wanted to understand these differences, and to provide clarity on the issue for policy-makers and the public.\n\n\nThe same study takes a closer look at why estimates of the “safe” level of emissions have varied so widely.\n\nOne complicating factor has been, of course, uncertainty about what humans might do, and another has been about the other more transient greenhouse gases, such as methane and the oxides of nitrogen.\n\nAlthough short-lived and released in smaller quantities, some of these are potentially far more potent than carbon dioxide as an influence on planetary temperatures.\n\nComplex calculations\n\nBut Dr Rogelj and his colleagues found that a significant cause of variation was simply a consequence of the different assumptions and methodologies inherent in such complex calculations.\n\nSo the researchers have re-examined both the options and the approaches, and have worked out a global figure that, they suggest, could be relevant to “real-world policy”.\n\nIt takes into account the consequences of all human activity, and it embraces detailed outlines of possible low-carbon choices. It also offers, they say, a 66% chance of staying within the internationally-agreed limit.\n\n“We now better understand the carbon budget for keeping global warming below 2°C,” Dr Rogelj says. “This carbon budget is very important to know because it defines how much carbon dioxide we are allowed to release into the atmosphere, ever.\n\n\n\nTim Radford / Climate News Network\n\n\n\nA password will be e-mailed to you.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9650378227233887}
+{"content": "Outside of the cluster is not playing the beautiful beaches, Bali has lots of other interesting things, such as the traditional village of Tenganan. This tourist village still retains a distinctive Balinese customs and peaceful atmosphere.\n\nTry not ever point your compass toward the eastern part of Bali. If you have never heard of this place, means that this time you are required to read it through to completion.\n\nPrecisely at Manggis district, Karangasem regency. If you 've been in Candi Dasa, customary village is located about 6-10 km from there. His name Tenganan Village. You must know there are 3 villages in Bali which still maintains a pattern or way of life until now. Consider, there is Trunyan Village, Village Sembiran and Tenganan Village.\n\nCan you imagine, the tradition of the first inherited by their ancestors, until now they still keep and preserve. Is not that like these are almost gone from Indonesia?\n\nAlmost of all the daily life in the village of Tenganan is still maintaining the excellent heritage of his ancestors. From the shape of the buildings, the layout of the buildings, the buildings, and the location of the temple still they maintained until modern times like today.\n\nSome time ago I visited this place. Unfortunately, I arrived was almost evening and the weather was not supportive. But actually for a traveler, who like this would be more interesting.\n\nAlthough I did not get to enjoy the performances that showcased almost every hour is over. Oh yes, every show has its own schedule. It can be seen on the big board as you enter the village.\n\nIf you visit in June, then you can see outstanding performances. Its name Mekaré - kare or better known as pandanus war. Sambah Ngusaba procession ceremonies was held for 30 days each year you know. So do not worry about missing, and it lasts 2-4 times.\n\nYou should also took time to get around. Enjoy the village atmosphere was incredible ease. Lots here craftsmen. So visitors can enjoy the many crafts on display. Surely your camera lens will never stop or not to take a break this special moment.\n\nHow, when your eyes usually see tall buildings in the city, this time your eyes will see the new atmosphere that would make your eyes afraid to blink. Not his fault that perhaps this June, you quickly prepare your itinerary and travel tickets to Bali for a stop in this beautiful village.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6379238367080688}
+{"content": "Information and helpful hints for a safe and efficient demolition/removal minimising dust and damage in your home.\n  Ensure driveway access is clear\n  Empty all contents in cupboards, pantry etc.\n  Remove any wall items such as pictures and clocks\n  Move all furniture from the floor area to allow easy access\n  Please remove all electronic equipment from surrounding area\n  Ensure all external window and doors can be unlocked and opened to ensure ventilation", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9755833148956299}
+{"content": "Math for 4 year olds\n\nDuring the ages of 3 to 5, children learn to become self-sufficient, how to relate and interact with peers, and more! The preschool years math for 4 year olds a magic time in development. Children move from being almost entirely dependent on their parents, to being somewhat independent beings in the world.\n\nErik Erikson’s second stage of psychosocial development: Autonomy vs. In this stage, children are learning to be self-sufficient in ways such as self-regulation, toileting, feeding, and dressing. Around the age of four, they enter the third stage of psychosocial development: Initiative vs. While seeming lofty, these goals are achieved by most children through natural interactions with family and other caretakers. While preschoolers are also learning how to relate to peers and interact with them, most of the social and emotional growth occurs in the relationship with caregivers.\n\nOne of the challenges of this period is to learn to navigate maintaining the secure attachments accomplished during infancy and toddlerhood, while simultaneously differentiating oneself as an individual. Individuation for children over the preschool years means developing a better understanding of who they are, as well as beginning to understand and relate to others. Creating this personal identity means exploring many fundamental aspects of themselves—gender, race, personality. At age 3, children still believe they can grow up and transform genders. By 6, they understand that gender is more or less a fixed aspect of their identity. In the course of this development, preschoolers also learn more sophisticated ways to relate to others.\n\nFor example, empathy develops, beginning at around age 2 but becoming more visible between ages 3 and 5. While empathy can be fostered, it seems to be an inherent part of development across cultures. One challenge to parents of preschoolers is to support their developmental drives, while also fostering development. For example, parents can help curb preschool aggression by teaching children about emotions, helping them learn the names for the feelings, and giving them an outlet for their expression. One wonderful way to help children this age experience and express emotions is through play. Children’s imaginations can take them wonderful places, alone or with peers. During this time, children begin to be able to play games, where they learn turn taking and sharing, as well as how to adhere to the rules.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.990527331829071}
+{"content": "Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: What they are\n\nAt the RSA Conference 2018 the best and brightest security expert around the globe gathered to attend one of the leading cyber security tradeshows in the industry. From hacking iOS to why security matters when it comes to Wi-Fi , wireless threats were the topic of several talk-tracks this year. We’re all guilty of connecting to unsecured public Wi-Fi at times. We connect at Airport, coffee shop , and even at venues. And as the growth and popularity of Wi-Fi continues to climb, it’s important that we understand the risks that come with connection to public Wi-Fi, or even offering Wi-Fi to employs, visitors and guests. A typical Wi-Fi attack takes less then two minutes!!! The collected information would be more then enough for a criminal hacker to conduct a Man-In-The-Middle attack to hack and every one of these connections and steal information like usernames, passwords, and even credit card numbers.\nMan-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: What they areA Man-in-the-Middle attack is a form of attack that allows a hacker to secretly intercept a wired or wireless connection between two parties who believe they are communicating safely and directly with each other. When performed successfully, a MITM attack allows the hacker not only to eavesdrop on the communication between the victims but also tamper the data they exchange with each other. Most importantly, it may give the eavesdropper full access to the victims valuable information (login credentials, financial information, and so on).This is why it’s so important to know more about different types and techniques of MITM attacks, as well as the ways to prevent these attacks. How does a MITM attacks work?The basic principle of every MITM attack is pretty similar: an attacker virtually puts themselves between two communicating parties, leaving the victims unaware of their presence. Remaining undiscovered, the intruder can intercept messages the victims send to each other, extract valuable information and change the original messages if he wants.There are two kinds of MITM attacks: passive and active. Passive MITM attacks are possible when the RSA (River-Shamir-Adleman) keys are used. Then, the attacker can use server private keys to decrypt the user traffic. When it comes to an active MITM attack, the hacker’s main goal is to split an SSL/TLS session into two completely separate session. Then, the attacker can act as a proxy, monitoring and possibly altering all the data transmitted through a compromised channel. Also, there are several forms of MITM attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in internet browsers, cloud services or the internet of Things!Here is another threat and a way of bеing hacked. Do you know what is “Cherry Blossom”?As reported by The Hacker News, “Cherry Blossom is basically a remotely controllable firmware – based implant for wireless networking devices, including routers and wireless access points (APs), which exploits router vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access and then replace firmware with custom Cherry Blossom firmware”. What happens when a router is compromised?When a router is compromised, the Cherry Blossom exploit is programed to:Monitor traffic to obtain email addresses, chat users names, MAC addresses, and VoIP phone numbers.Redirect users to websites with malicious software.Hijack the data stream between connected devices to spread malware across the network.Copy and store the entire traffic on a network served by a compromised deviceIs your WiFi connection verified? And are your personal data protected? While you’re drinking your morning coffee and checking your mails or bank account, do you know who’s looking behind you?Maybe it is Man In The Middle?\n\nGet the App\n\n\nFollow us", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5864133834838867}
+{"content": "The Official Blog of Bidari Civil Defense\n\nThe High Price of Litigation Costs\n\nA gavel and law bookWhen people discuss the high cost of litigation, they often refer to the amount of attorney’s fees that are necessary in bringing or defending a lawsuit. Attorney’s fees are typically the largest burden in the expense of litigation, however, a civil suit in general can be very expensive. Did you know that in addition to attorney’s fees, there are filing fees, copying fees, court reporter fees, expert witness fees, process servers and other court and discovery related costs that could also saddle you with thousands of dollars in additional litigation expenses? Attorney’s fees are usually considered separate from the “cost” of trial. Many of these expenses are not recoverable from the other side. Before bringing a lawsuit, it is important to consider the costs related to litigation and the amount of money you will spend on the case.\n\nIn California, the first fee is the initial cost of the lawsuit in filing the first papers from each side. Typically, the plaintiff files their complaint and the defendant responds with an answer or a demurrer. The first fee can range from $250 to $1000 depending on the type of civil case that is filed. The filing of a cross complaint will incur similar costs to filing a first paper. In addition, the courts will charge a court reporter’s fee, and in a demand for jury trial there will also fees related to obtaining a jury. Throughout the litigation process there are often motions filed with the court, asking to strike the complaint or cross complaint, exclude certain witnesses or evidence, or having the court make a ruling of a matter of law. Here in California, motion fees are $60 per motion filed. A party to a lawsuit can also find themselves hit with miscellaneous filing fees for other documents filed on the way to trial.\n\nThe way documents are filed can also be of cost to a party. Court documents are usually filed in person, via facsimile or electronically if the court is set up with E-filing. Unless the documents filed in person are done by the attorney or a member of their staff, a court agency is often used and a “runner” would be filing the documents on behalf of the law firm. With this, comes the cost of hiring the runner, the cost is often dependent on the agency used, where the filing takes place and the number of pages of the document. It could also be determined based on whether or not the documents were scanned or faxed to the agency or if the runner needs to pick up the original from the law office prior to filing with the court. When filing via facsimile, there is usually a cost per page in addition to the filing fee of the document itself. E-filing also has a fee charged for each document filed with the court, ranging from $5-$10 per transaction.\n\nMoreover, certain documents require that a party to a lawsuit be personally served. A court agency will also be used in personal service of such documents, and there will again be fees associated with the service of process dependent on certain factors such as the agency used, where the service takes place and the number of pages of the document. A party to a lawsuit may also incur costs for copying, obtaining records from the court, recording documents with the county recorder’s office, the cost to pay witnesses or expert witnesses to testify at trial, costs related to the production of documents in discovery or the cost of conducting a deposition and other miscellaneous fees. As good practice, an attorney will usually discuss with a client the different steps to the litigation process, as well as the anticipated costs, and itemize such costs for the client in their monthly billing.\n\nAs a civil defense attorney in Fullerton, I can tell you that there is certainly a high price to pay for the cost of litigation. This information is not to dissuade a plaintiff from bringing a lawsuit, but rather educate one on the intricacies of the legal system and the expectation of costs. When opting to bring a lawsuit or hire a civil litigation attorney to defend one, best practice is to have the attorney take a specified amount of money from the client and place it aside for the initial costs of litigation.\n\nHowever, a good civil defense attorney must keep litigation costs to a minimum and must also consider the client’s ability to pay those costs. Learning to get the most bang out of your buck (especially in a civil lawsuit arena) is an art that not all practitioners know.\n\nI’ve Been Served With A Civil Complaint, Now What?\n\nYou’ve been named as a defendant in a civil case and have just been personally served with the summons and complaint. Now what? This blog seeks to give an overview of the chronological steps of the litigation process.\n\nStep 1: Consult a civil defense attorney. Depending on the type of case you have pending against you, a lawyer can be a resourceful tool in understanding the lawsuit, providing advice on how to handle each step of the litigation process and helping build a defense. While hiring a lawyer could cost a defendant a good deal of money, the benefit of legal counsel could hold a significant impact to the outcome of the case. If you choose to forego a lawyer, it will then be your responsibility to respond to each step of the lawsuit accordingly, acting as in pro per, as in your own attorney.\n\nStep 2: Prepare a response pleading to the Complaint. Typically, in California, there are three types of responsive pleadings a defendant can file in response to the Complaint. The first is an Answer. An Answer responds to the Complaint itself, and the defendant either admits or denies each of the causes of actions alleged. At this time, a defendant would want to raise any affirmative defenses, a claim made by the defendant, that defeats the claim made by a plaintiff for a specific reason, or raise any causes of action the defendant may have against the plaintiff or a third party by the filing of a Cross-Complaint, thereby initiating their own lawsuit. Rather than Answer a Complaint, a defendant also has the option to respond by filing a Demurrer or Motion to Strike and setting a hearing date to be heard on the issue. A Motion to Strike is a pleading document where a defendant asks a court to remove (strike) a portion of or the Complaint in its entirety on any number of grounds. A Demurrer on the other hand is an objection that attacks the Complaint for it is irrelevant, invalid or fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action without addressing the facts alleged themselves. For Motion to Strike or Demurrers there is a hearing held in which the court determines the strength of the legal argument for granting or sustaining the responsive pleading. If a court finds in favor of the defendant, a plaintiff may have been given the possibility of leave to amend. If a court finds in favor of the plaintiff, the lawsuit continues as is, and the defendant would then be required to file an Answer. Keep in mind regardless of the responsive pleading you choose, there are only 30 days to respond to the Complaint starting from the date you received service of the Complaint. Failure to respond timely could result in a default judgment.\n\nStep 3: Discovery and Pre-Trial Preparation. Throughout the litigation process the court will set a series of hearings and deadlines leading up to trial. It is also during the time between the filing of the responsive pleading and the date of trial that the bulk of the investigation into the lawsuit is conducted by discovery. Discovery is the exchange of documents and information regarding the allegations and facts and evidence that support such claims. Discovery is conducted by written requests such as requests for admissions or interrogatories, production of documents or Depositions. The discovery phase also gives each party to locate witnesses and build their case. If an expert witness is needed for your specific lawsuit, the attorney will work on obtaining one. This time is also used to file motions with the court to exclude certain evidence from being admitted at trial. In California, the discovery cut off is 30 days before the start of trial.\n\nStep 4: Preparation of Trial Documents. Discovery cut off has passed, now it is time to build your case for trial, which is best accomplished by the creation of trial documents. While the rules regarding trial documents may differ based on the judge and court location, the general basis for trial documents is that a party puts together a list of the exhibits they plan to use at trial, the witnesses they plan to call, instructions for the jury and a statement f the case to be read to the jury. Many judges require joint trial documents to be filed with the court in advance of trial. In preparation of such, your attorney will need to work with opposing counsel to create joint trial documents and binders of these documents and exhibits for the trial to be given to each side, the court and witnesses.\n\nStep 5: Mandatory Settlement Conference. In the weeks before trial, either a mandatory settlement conference or a final status conference will be set with the court. This is a last attempt at settlement, or if settlement is futile, an effort to resolve certain issues prior to the start of trial. It is possible that a settlement is reached between the parties during this hearing, or there is the exchange of trial documents and binders if the exchange with opposing counsel had not already been completed.\n\nStep 6: Voir Dire for Jury Trials. The first day of trial begins with the voir dire, or the selection of the jury. A jury panel in California is comprised of 12 individuals and 1 or 2 alternates. It will be the jury’s duty to evaluate the facts of the case and reach a verdict. I hope your attorney chooses wisely!\n\nStep 7: Trial. You finally made it to trial! Litigation can be a long and drawn out process but your day in court has arrived. It is up to the attorney to present your case in chief, calling all witnesses and presenting any evidence to the court so that the strength of your arguments can be evaluated. As the defendant you will wait until the plaintiff has presented all of their evidence before getting to present your case. After the completion of trial a verdict will be reached. Options following the completion of trial will be dependent on numerous factors some of which depend on the outcome of the case. Any questions you have with regard to next steps should be addressed with your attorney following the end of trial.\n\nAnd there you have it, you have successfully walked through the litigation process, and are now better informed on what to do in a situation where you are served with a civil complaint.\n\nAs a reminder, a good civil defense lawyer should not only assert the appropriate defenses on and in your behalf, but also hold the plaintiff to its burden of proof utilizing tools from the code of civil procedure and the evidence code in defending against underhanded tactics and untrustworthy and irrelevant evidence that may otherwise reach the judge or jury in determining liability and damages against you.\n\nIn other words, a good civil defense lawyer not only defends their client, but makes sure that the plaintiff proves his/her case accordingly even before any defenses are asserted.\n\nHowever, as always, a good offense is the sometimes the best defense.\n\n\nTo Settle or Not to Settle\n\nbusiness meeting in an officeLitigation is an adverse proceeding in which there are often times a clear winner and loser, which is often determined at trial. In my experience as a civil litigation defense attorney, I can tell you that it is also a rather lengthy and expensive process. As a result, a large number of civil cases settle, an alternative form of resolution, prior to even reaching trial. In addition, the courts also encourage and attempt to facilitate settlements amongst parties, through mandatory settlement conferences, fostering alternative dispute resolution amongst the parties by way of mediation or arbitration, or persuasion of the judges themselves, as a way to promote judicial economy and efficiency within the court system. In California, settlement offers are governed under Section 998 of the California Code of Civil Procedure (often called “998 Offers”).\n\nUnder Section 998, the law provides that not less than ten days prior to the start of trial or arbitration, “any party may serve an offer in writing upon any other party to the action to allow judgment to be taken or an award to be entered in accordance with the terms and conditions stated at that time.”\n\nThe offer shall make a statement of the amount of settlement requested, and any terms and conditions the party seeking settlement would want to impose on the settlement agreement, as well as a provision allowing for acceptance of the offer by the accepting party and the signing of such acceptance of the agreement.\n\nIn addition, there are certain requirements to impose a Section 998 offer. First, the offer must specifically refer to Section 998 in its offer, a mere offer for settlement is not enough. Second, only reasonable, credible offers will be accepted. “[T]he pretrial offer of settlement required under Section 998 must be realistically reasonable under the circumstances of the particular case.” Wear v. Calderon 121 Cal. App. 3d 818, 821 (1981). Additionally, only unqualified acceptance of a 998 offer is enforceable and in the case where there are multiple parties. If a party accepts the offer, the signed offer is thereby filed with the court and judgment is entered. If the accepting party fails to accept the offer prior to the commencement of trial or within 30 days, by whichever occurs first, the offer is deemed withdrawn. While Section 998 offers seem to simply lay out the requirements for settlement, and are in effect beneficial to achieving its primary purpose of encouraging settlement, this statute is rather deceptive in nature. While the expense of trial is one reason to accept such offers, the main incentive behind the acceptance of Section 998 settlement offers derives from statutory conditions imposed, such as monetary penalties, on the parties for failure to accept such offers. In the Bank of San Pedro v. Superior Court, the Court found that the policy behind Section 998 offers “is to encourage a settlement by providing a strong financial disincentive to a party – whether it be a Plaintiff or a Defendant – who fails to achieve a better result than that party could have achieved by accepting his or her opponent’s settlement offer.”  3 Cal.4th 797, 804 (1993).\n\nMore specifically, Section 998 imposes statutory penalties, both mandatory and discretionary penalties, on parties who reject such offers and fails to reach a more favorable result at trial or binding arbitration. While the language of Section 998 is straightforward, the effect of such penalties is dependent on whether it is the plaintiff or the defendant that makes the offer.\n\nOffers by a Plaintiff. If plaintiff makes a Section 998 offer, and a defendant rejects the offer, and fails to achieve a more advantageous result at trial, the Court imposes penalties on the defendant. When this situation arises, a court may impose additional costs on the defendant for reasonable costs incurred by the plaintiff such as expert witness fees, and a pre-judgment interest of ten percent per day beginning on the date of plaintiff’s first Section 998 offer to the date of judgment at trial. CA Civ. Code §998(b).\n\nOn the other hand, offers by a defendant may have a more of a significant impact on the decision of a plaintiff to agree to settlement, for there is a greater harm imposed on a plaintiff for failure to accept a 998 offer and obtain a more favorable result at trial.\n\nOffers by a Defendant. In the instance where a plaintiff rejects the defendants’ Section 998 offer and fails to obtain a more favorable judgment at trial, the plaintiff is no longer entitled to recover court costs, and must pay the costs of the defendant from the time of the offer to the time of judgment at trial. The court also retains discretion on whether or not to award all costs incurred by the defendant in defending the lawsuit as well as reasonable costs sustained in preparation of trial, such as fees for expert witnesses.  In this occurrence, if the awarded costs exceeds plaintiff’s recovery from trial, the court will enter a judgment against plaintiff for the difference payable to the defendant. CA Citv. Code §998(c).\n\nWhile the risks of Section 998 penalties are worrisome, generally there is not enough of an incentive to settle. Often times the point in which a 998 offer is received the parties have already committed to the expense of litigation. Although such offers may not be accepted, they do have the benefit of helping to initiate communication discussions between the parties, where a less invasive agreement may be reached.\n\nTherefore, my advice as a civil litigation attorney is that it is always a good idea to settle the case accordingly without resorting to a trial where risks and costs increase.\n\nIn deciding what offers to make and accept, all discovery should be completed in making a full and informed decision.\n\nAll offers should be reasonable and practical. Otherwise, the essence of the rule quickly dissipates.\n\nMediation— Welcome relief from civil litigation, or just a waste of time?\n\nImage of a Mediation Agreement\n\nWhat is mediation?\n\n\nWhat are the advantages to mediation?                                                             \n\n\n\n\n\nWhat are some drawbacks to mediation?\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReasons Not To Sign An Arbitration Agreement\n\npicture of employee signing an arbitration agreement\n\nWhat is an arbitration agreement?\n\nAs a leading civil defense attorney in Orange County, I get asked this question a lot.\n\nAn arbitration agreement is a written contract in which two or more parties agree to utilize a neutral third party- the arbitrator- to resolve a dispute instead of pursuing any legal claims against the other party through a lawsuit. The arbitration agreement is usually a clause in a more extensive contract, but may also be a separate document required to be signed by an employee in the hiring process when starting a new job.\n\nArbitration can be voluntary, but in most cases is mandatory when present as a stipulation of a consumer contract or when completing new hire paperwork as an employee. Mandatory arbitration can only come from a contract that is voluntarily entered into by both parties, even without necessarily knowing if a disagreement will ever actually arise. The dispute may be about a faulty product, a claim of discrimination or wrongful termination in the workplace, or a variety of other issues.\n\nPresently many consumer contracts for cars, cell phones, credit cards and nearly everything else contain a fine-print clause stating if the customer has a problem with the company, the matter will be handled in arbitration rather than in court. Unfortunately, consumers and employees often don’t know in advance that they have agreed to mandatory binding arbitration by purchasing a product or taking a job.  Many retailers also fail to mention the arbitration clause before requiring the customer to sign the purchase agreement.\n\nThe Disadvantages of Arbitration Agreements\n\nBeing aware of the possible drawbacks of arbitration can help you make an informed decision about whether to enter or remain in a contract that mandates it, or whether to choose it as a resolution technique if a dispute does occur at a later time.\n\n  1. Firstly, arbitration does away with juries entirely, leaving matters solely in the hands of the arbitrator, who essentially acts as both judge and jury. From most individuals’ and consumers’ points of view, having a jury of their peers is an important right when seeking restitution of a claim.\n  1. Additionally, arbitration limits the amount of information each side is required to give to the other. In most employment cases, this generally hurts the employee, because the employer is usually the one in possession of most of the documentation relating to the employee’s case.\n  1. Most importantly, arbitration decisions usually cannot be appealed. If the arbitration is mandatory and binding, the parties waive their rights to use the court system and have a judge or jury decide the case. If the arbitrator’s award is unfair or illogical, a consumer may well be stuck with it without a chance for recourse.\n\n Leveling the Playing Field—Smart Steps for Consumers and Employees\n\nGiven the possible perils for those who enter into arbitration contracts, the astute consumer or job applicant can take a number of steps to become better informed and possibly prevent a negative experience.\n\nAny civil defense attorney in Orange County will tell you to read any and all documents presented in a contract carefully! When you sign a contract, letter, sales agreement or any other document you agree to all the terms enclosed, even those that you didn’t read or don’t completely understand. To protect yourself from unwittingly giving up your rights, don’t sign any document acknowledging you’ve read something and agree to the terms unless you actually have read it and understood it completely.\n\nSecondly, pay close attention to any and all changes made to an existing agreement. If a company updates the terms of a contract to include mandatory arbitration, it must notify you in writing first. Some of these notices may come hidden at the back of an envelope itemizing your bill from a credit card or insurance company. Resist the urge to recycle these notices on sight, and read the fine print.\n\nThirdly, don’t be afraid to speak up! If you find an arbitration clause objectionable for any reason, make your feelings known to company management. There may be a possibility to negotiate if the company wants your business, or you as an employee badly enough. Especially in employment cases, you may have more power than you realize to negotiate the terms of an agreement to align with your best interests, just like you would when discussing your salary or benefit requirements.  Ask for a clause that provides options for choice of arbitrator and a requirement that if the company does insist upon enforcing an arbitration agreement that they pay for the process, should the situation ever arise. An arbitration agreement that is disputed using the court’s judicial arbitration services is only $150, but if a company insists on using a private arbitrator the parties will be required to pay the arbitrator’s market rate, which can easily turn into thousands of dollars as time goes on.\n\nArbitration can be dangerous and expensive. Be watchful for it and careful before agreeing to it.\n\nMediation, on the other hand is another matter and I will discuss that issue (and its benefits) in a separate blog.\n\nLastly, always remember that even if you do fall within an arbitration clause, you still have the right to be represented by an attorney throughout the arbitration process.\n\nPaymon Bidari is a civil litigation attorney in Fullerton, Orange County.\n\nNegotiations and Settlements\n\nCivil Settlements\n\nShould legal disputes be negotiated and settled before civil litigation commences?\n\nAbsolutely- so long as the delay in filing the suit or seeking protective orders does not jeopardize the preservation of evidence and/or assets. One of the most useful and economically efficient things we can do as experienced trial attorneys is to keep our clients out of court- as much as possible, and instead prevent, negotiate and/or settle accordingly.\n\nOften times, the parties (and/or their attorneys) act in haste in filing a suit, and hence commencing an often costly process without first attempting to informally resolve the matter. Litigation should be the last resort- as surgery should be in the medical field. However, when all efforts to heal the patient have failed, then surgery may be the only choice- as sometimes is the case in the legal field. Negotiations and settlement is an art and may be involved; however, if there is any chance of resolution, then all efforts should be exercised, and exhausted, before litigation commences.\n\nClients should be afforded several options before deciding to proceed with (or without) litigation. Attorneys should evaluate the facts and law, and develop strategies and arguments in preparation and presentation of their settlement offer. Negotiating and settling lawsuits should be a major priority of litigation attorneys when appropriate.\nRealizing trial and litigation can be costly (both monetarily and non-monetarily), attorneys must do everything possible to negotiate and settle disputes before the client spends unnecessary money litigating.\n\nIf you have further questions about your legal disputes, please contact Orange County Civil Litigator Paymon Bidari for a free consultation today. (714) 525-5570\n\n\nWrongful Death Case Dismissed\n\nPham v. Ramirez, et al. (00749808)\n\n  • Attorney for Plaintiff: Larry H. Parker’s Office\n  • Attorney for Defendant: Bidari Civil Defense\n  • Claim: $5M for Wrongful Death\n  • Resolution: Case Dismissed in favor of Defendants\n\nThis unfortunate wrongful death case arose out of claims that decedent was attacked by Defendants’ dog causing decedent to fall, break his head and subsequently pass away.\n\nDecedent’s estate sought five million dollars ($5M) in this wrongful death case filed in Santa Ana Superior Court. A jury trial was demanded by Plaintiff’s estate. Bidari Civil Defense defended.\n\nAfter the initial completion of discovery, Defendants moved to dismiss the case without paying any money. read more…\n\nHow to Choose the Right Civil Defense Attorney\n\nBy Paymon Z. Bidari at Bidari Civil Defense.\n\nAlmost nothing is more aggravating to a client than to leave a legal project or case in a lawyer’s hands and then have weeks or even months go by without anything happening. You want a lawyer who will work hard on your behalf and follow through promptly on all assignments.\n\nAs such, you would agree finding and hiring the right lawyer can make all the difference.\n\nThe first question one should ask before hiring a lawyer is:\n\nDo I even need a lawyer?\n\nDetermine if it is possible and prudent to solve your own legal problem without the necessity of hiring a lawyer. In many cases, you may be able to solve your problem without an attorney’s help.\n\nFor example, if you are dealing with a regulated industry, there may government agencies in charge of supervising the business entity against which you may have a claim. read more…\n\nElements of a Contract\n\nBy Paymon Z. Bidari at Bidari Civil Defense.\n\nEvery valid contract has certain foundational elements. Here is a summary of those elements. If one element is missing, there is NO valid contract.\n\n  • Offer and acceptance\n  • Intention to create legal relations\n  • Consideration\n  • Legal capacity\n  • Illegal and void contracts\n\nOffer and acceptance\n\ncontract is formed when an offer by one party is accepted by the other party. read more…", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.918419361114502}
+{"content": "Ottoman crisis in the Age of Revolutions\n\nOttoman crisis in the Age of Revolutions\n\nWilliam Armstrong -\nOttoman crisis in the Age of Revolutions ‘Partners of the Empire: The Crisis of the Ottoman Order in the Age of Revolutions’ by Ali Yaycıoğlu (Stanford University Press, 347 pages, $65)\n\nIn his seminal works on the French Revolution and the Ottoman Empire, the historian Bernard Lewis argued that ideas from revolutionary France impinged on the empire but collided with civilizational walls that divided Islam from the West. “Partners of the Empire: The Crisis of the Ottoman Order in the Age of Revolutions” by Stanford University historian Ali Yaycıoğlu takes a more nuanced approach. Rethinking the Ottoman experience within the global context of the revolutionary age, Yaycıoğlu suggests that the empire at the time was also the site of reform, reorganization and negotiation among key players in Istanbul and the provinces.\n\nOttoman crisis in the Age of Revolutions It was certainly an era of extraordinary turbulence. From summer 1806 to winter 1808, three governments fell as a result of popular riots or coups; two sultans were dethroned and strangled, five grand viziers were deposed, beheaded or poisoned; several lower ministers were dismembered by the populace; and thousands of others lost their lives. This followed decades of cultural, intellectual, and scientific vitality that Yaycıoğlu describes as a tentative “Ottoman Enlightenment” through the 18th century. \n\nThe fiscal and administrative organization of the Ottoman landscape had always been a dizzying kaleidoscope. Actual imperial control over many areas nominally under Ottoman authority was weak at best. Different regions had vastly different administrative arrangements. The Ottoman state constantly negotiated and built horizontal ties with regional powerholders. Some regional actors entirely bypassed the central administration, while others rebelled to secure a better negotiating position.\n\nBy the end of the 18th century, the authority of the sultan in Istanbul had become almost non-existent outside Istanbul. Institutional reorganization was needed after decades of imperial decline and steadily mounting military and fiscal crises. The reform-minded Sultan Selim III came to the throne in 1789, and soon his supporters and leaders of other reformist factions captured key bureaucratic and military positions. At first there was hardly any consensus on how to carry out necessary changes. But before long members of the new elite came up with the “New Order” - a military, fiscal, and social agenda, adapting technological and scientific changes from the West to reinvigorate the ailing empire.\n\nThis program challenged the vested rights, socioeconomic benefits, and conventions of key sections of Ottoman society. Most importantly, the elite janissary units, numbering tens of thousands, were set fiercely against the New Order. Described by Yaycıoğlu as a “colossal socio-military group,” the janissaries found common cause with many provincial notables and regional magnates who stood to lose from the New Order. The janissaries were profoundly integrated into urban society in Istanbul and were able to mobilize popular opposition. In 1807, the New Order was brought down by that opposition and Selim III was overthrown. There was a counter coup in the summer of 1808, when a group of New Orderists took back power with support from several Balkan notables, together suppressing janissary oligarchs in Istanbul and reinstating the New Order. But in November 1808 another janissary-led popular rebellion ended this restoration.\n\nAmid all this toing and froing, a Deed of Alliance was produced that aimed to end the crisis by bringing together the various interests in the provinces and the center. In September 1808, for the first time, regional strongmen and prominent families from different parts of the empire acted collectively and a new alliance was forged between provincial and imperial elites. The Deed of Alliance aimed to end the Ottoman political crisis through a general accord across the empire.\n\nThe Deed was collective and overarching, but it was basically an elite agreement with an oligarchic character. It also did not produce an electoral or representative system. But despite its limitations, the Deed still “had much in common with contemporary political documents in various countries that experienced different forms of constitutional and republican order,” he argues. It had limiting and participatory elements, constituting the political order as a common enterprise, assuring mutual obligations, sureties, and liabilities. \n\nStill, the Deed of Alliance was short-lived and its implications were not ratified by successor grand viziers. There is still debate among historians about its long-term significance, but the process around its formation is certainly important. The Enlightenment political philosopher de Montesquieu shaped the image of the Ottoman Empire for generations by characterizing it as an oriental despotism, where all power was in the hands of the sultan. Austrian diplomat Franz Freiherr von Ottenfels, however, said the Ottoman regime was more like a republic, where provincial notables had a negotiating weight and where public opinion mattered, with the janissaries as its partisans. Yaycıoğlu’s close examination of these tumultuous years shows that von Ottenfels was closer to the mark. “Partners of the Empire” is also a good reminder that coups, counter-coups, purges, and bitter intrigue have a long history. There is little new in today’s Turkey.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9521672129631042}
+{"content": "Resources Contact Us Home\nImaging system for mamography employing electron trapping materials\n5124558 Imaging system for mamography employing electron trapping materials\nPatent Drawings:Drawing: 5124558-2    Drawing: 5124558-3    Drawing: 5124558-4    Drawing: 5124558-5    \n« 1 »\n\n(4 images)\n\nInventor: Soltani, et al.\nDate Issued: June 23, 1992\nApplication: 07/723,603\nFiled: July 1, 1991\nInventors: Lindmayer; Joseph (Potomac, MD)\nSoltani; Peter K. (Olney, MD)\nStorti; George M. (Washington, DC)\nAssignee: Quantex Corporation (Rockville, MD)\nPrimary Examiner: Fields; Carolyn E.\nAssistant Examiner: Dunn; Drew A.\nAttorney Or Agent: Ostrolenk, Faber, Gerb & Soffen\nU.S. Class: 250/484.4; 378/37\nField Of Search: 250/484.1; 250/327.2; 378/37\nInternational Class:\nU.S Patent Documents: 4400619; 4835386; 4855603; 4947465\nForeign Patent Documents:\nOther References:\n\nAbstract: A high resolution photostimulable storage phosphor screen for breast imaging using X-rays. The phosphor material for storing the image, SrS;Ce,Sm, is appropriately milled to a fine powder and dispersed, using appropriate methods, with high particle packing density, on a supporting substrate. The coated substrate froms a planar imaging screen for mammography. The phosphor screen of the present invention can record high quality digital (as opposed to analog) images for diagnostic breast imaging.\nClaim: What is claimed is:\n\n1. A mammography imaging system, comprising:\n\nmeans for detecting and storing a radiographic image, comprising an imaging screen coated with an electron trapping phosphor for releasably storing said image as energy corresponding to the flux and pattern of said image, said electron trappingphosphor comprising:\n\na base material selected from the group of alkaline earth metal sulfides;\n\na first dopant of samarium; and\n\na second dopant of a cerium compound;\n\nmeans for scanning said imaging screen with optical energy of a first wavelength for causing said electron trapping phosphor coated thereon to release optical energy of a second wavelength corresponding to said flux and pattern of said image; and\n\nmeans for sensing the released optical energy of said second wavelength and for converting said released optical energy to electrical signals representative of said flux and pattern of said image.\n\n2. The system of claim 1, wherein said optical energy of a first wavelength comprises infrared radiation.\n\n3. The system of claim 2, wherein said infrared radiation is generated by a Nd:YAG laser.\n\n4. The system of claim 1, wherein said optical energy of a second wavelength comprises visible light.\n\n5. The system of claim 4, wherein said means for sensing said visible light comprises a photomultiplier tube.\n\n6. The system of claim 1, wherein said electron trapping phosphor further comprises a third dopant of a cesium halide.\n\n7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said alkaline earth metal sulfide comprises strontium sulfide.\n\n8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said electron trapping phosphor further comprises a fusible salt.\n\n9. An image screen for mammography, comprising:\n\na substrate coated with an electron trapping phosphor for detecting and storing a radiographic image, said electron trapping phosphor releasing optical energy of a second wavelength in a pattern corresponding to the stored radiographic image whensubjected to optical energy of a first wavelength, said electron trapping phosphor comprising:\n\n\na first dopant of samarium; and\n\na second dopant of a cerium compound.\n\n10. A method for mammographic imaging, comprising the steps of:\n\nexposing an imaging screen coated with an electron trapping phosphor to mammographic radiation to detect and store energy corresponding to flux and pattern of the radiation, said electron trapping phosphor comprising:\n\n\na first dopant of samarium; and\n\na second dopant of a cerium compound;\n\nsubjecting said electron trapping phosphor to optical energy of first wavelength to cause said electron trapping phosphor to release optical energy of a second wavelength corresponding to said flux and pattern of said image; and\n\ndetecting the released optical energy of a second wavelength and converting said optical energy to electrical signals representative of said flux and pattern of said image.\n\n11. The method of claim 10, further including the step of applying erase optical energy to said electron trapping phosphor for erasing the mammographic image stored thereon.\nDescription: Thedisclosures of each of the above-noted related applications are herein incorporated by reference.\n\n\n1. Field of the Invention\n\nThe present invention relates to an imaging screen and readout system for mammography and, more particularly, to a mammography imaging system employing an electron trapping phosphor.\n\n2. Description of the Related Art\n\nDiagnostic mammography is a powerful tool for early detection of precancerous features in breasts. Historically, breast screening using X-rays was performed using radiographic film, without an intensifying screen. Although the method providedvery high spatial resolution of breast features, a very high radiation dose to the patient was required to expose the film. Since the active layer on radiographic film is relatively thin (e.g., 20 micrometers), a high radiation exposure time was neededto allow the film to absorb a sufficient number of X-ray photons to obtain a high quality image. Presently, however, high resolution intensifying fluorescent screens have been developed which significantly reduce the radiation exposure to the breastWith this approach, radiographic film is placed on top of the intensifying screen, which is farthest from the X-ray source. The X-rays which pass through the patient are first partially absorbed by the film, and the rest are more strongly absorbed bythe intensifying screen. The X-rays absorbed by the intensifying screen cause the screen to fluoresce and further expose the film. In this way, the exposure to the patient is significantly reduced. In fact, the radiation exposure needed for theintensifying screen/film combination is very close to the minimum exposure needed to obtain a high quality image. That is, since there is inherently a statistical variation in the number of X-ray quanta, a specific minimum number need to pass throughthe patient and be absorbed by the imaging media to obtain an image with minimal noise. Therefore, increased sensitivity in the imaging media does not necessarily translate into a dose reduction, as this could produce a poor image where importantfeatures will become undetectable.\n\nTherefore, the exposure sensitivity is not so much an issue, to the extent that radiation exposure is not increased relative to existing practices. Instead, it is important that the imaging media exhibit high contrast sensitivity and highspatial resolution to allow for the detection of small pre-cancerous features in breasts. These are usually microcalcifications, changes in tissue mass, or changes in blood flow, all low contrast features which must be detected. Unfortunately, sincescreen/film systems respond to linear contrast changes logarithmically, the previously stated features are not always easily detected. The logarithmic behavior of film basically means that a large contrast in the X-ray pattern will produce only a smallcontrast on the film. Therefore, a linear imaging media would be more desirable. Another important feature in the imaging media would be the ability to capture and record the X-ray image digitally. Being able to acquire images digitally would greatlysimplify the archiving needs of the X-ray images, since they could be stored electronically. This would eliminate the need for massive physical storage of X-ray film. In addition, digital images can be manipulated to enhance features not easilydetected with analog film images.\n\n\nThe present invention achieves the above-described goals by providing a system utilizing an imaging screen coated with a novel electron trapping material appropriately doped for optimal sensitivity to mammography radiation. The screen is exposedto a radiographic mammography image, so that the electron trapping material is charged with energy corresponding to the flux and pattern of the X-ray image. The screen is then scanned with light of a first wavelength to stimulate the electron trappingmaterial to release the stored energy in the form of light of a second wavelength. The light released from the electron trapping material is then detected and converted to electrical signals representative of the flux and pattern of the mammographyimage.\n\nThe electron trapping material is preferably a strontium sulfide based material doped with a cerium compound and samarium (SrS:Ce,Sm). In a second embodiment, the material includes a cesium halide in addition to the cerium compound for optimumdetection of the radiographic image.\n\nThe present invention overcomes many of the disadvantages of film. First, the SrS:Ce,Sm photostimulable storage phosphor utilized in the present invention as the imaging media responds to radiation exposure linearly. Further, X-ray images canbe obtained from the new media digitally, without loss of information. Also, the SrS:Ce,Sm storage phosphor employed in the invention is reusable, so that the high costs associated with film can be eliminated. The key aspect of the invention, however,is that SrS:Ce,Sm storage phosphor can be fabricated such that: 1) high spatial resolution is achieved, comparable to better than screen/film combinations, and 2) high exposure sensitivity is simultaneously achieved to allow for the minimum possiblepatient radiation exposure.\n\nIt should be noted that storage phosphor screens based on barium fluorohalide phosphor material are currently commercially available for radiology. However, the resolutions which can be achieved with these systems are only about 8 lp/mm and notadequate for mammography, which requires better than 15 lp/mm. Also, other radiological imaging systems, such as digital fluoroscopy systems, are also not adequate because of their low resolution capabilities and the high radiation exposures needed.\n\n\nThe above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent when the following detailed description is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:\n\nFIG. 1 shows the luminescence and infrared sensitivity spectra of the electron trapping phosphor utilized in the invention.\n\nFIG. 2 shows the response of SrS:Ce,Sm electron trapping phosphor as a function of X-ray exposure at 52 kV.sub.p.\n\nFIG. 3 shows the response time of the SrS:Ce,Sm electron trapping phosphor to an IR pulse\n\nFIG. 4 shows the basic configuration of the laser scanner and optical detection system utilized in the present invention.\n\n\n(1.) The Electron Trapping Material\n\nBefore describing the details of the invention, it is worth first reviewing the physical processes occurring in the SrS:Ce,Sm electron trapping system during radiation exposure and subsequent near-IR stimulation. SrS is a wide-bandgapsemiconductor and accommodates Sm and Ce ions, both initially in their 3+valency states. In these states, Sm.sup.3+ is an electron trapping center and Ce.sup.3+ is a luminescent center. When the SrS:Ce,Sm material is first exposed to ionizingradiation, bound electron hole pairs (excitons) are created; because of the coupling between the 5d level of Ce.sup.3+ to the host crystal, excitons will preferentially recombine at these sites. This then results in the release of energy which excites aCe.sup.3+ ground state electron to its 5d state. Once in the 5d state, the electron can either undergo a transition back to the two ground states, .sup.2 F.sub.7/2 and .sup.2 F.sub.5/2 resulting in the emission of prompt fluorescence or it can tunnel toa neighboring Sm.sup.3+ converting it to a Sm.sup.2+ and leaving behind a Ce.sup.4+. This charge exchange process results in the trapping of an electron at the Sm.sup.2+, which is long lived; i.e., the electron can remain trapped at the Sm.sup.2+ sitefor extended time periods. Further, the energy difference between the Sm.sup.2+ ground state and its excited state is approximately 1 eV, so that by exposing the material to equivalent energy photons (e g., 1 m wavelength), the electron in the Sm.sup.2+ground state can be excited to its excited state. Once in this state, it can tunnel back to a neighboring Ce.sup.4+, converting it to a Ce.sup.3+ with an electron in the 5d excited state. Subsequent relaxation from the 5d level to the two ground statesresults in the emission of a luminescene band with a peak at 485 nm. FIG. 1 shows the luminescence wavelength band and the stimulation wavelength spectrum, showing a peak stimulation wavelength at approximately 1 Um.\n\nSince the population of trapped electrons will be proportional to the X-ray exposure, it can be seen that the luminescence output is also proportional to the X-ray exposure. Further, the luminescence output from the material will be linear withthe radiation exposure, making it ideal for X-ray imaging applications. Also, since the emission wavelength band and the near-IR stimulation wavelength are spectrally well separated, an optical detection system can be devised which is more efficientthan those used for reading BaFBr:Eu phosphors, which exhibit emission and stimulation wavelengths very close together.\n\nIn order to obtain a high quality image, one key requirement is that a given X-ray screen absorb a sufficient number of X-ray photons. Although it is always possible to use a sufficiently thick phosphor layer to absorb the X-ray photons, thereis the opposing requirement that the screen thickness should be sufficiently low to achieve high spatial resolution. In the present invention, it is in fact possible to achieve both goals: a sufficiently thin phosphor layer can be generated whichexhibits high spatial resolution and adequate X-ray absorption.\n\nIn general, ensuring good photon statistics requires a 40-50% absorption of incident X-ray photons. PG,9 Calculations were made to determine the amount of X-ray absorption in the SrS:Ce,Sm screens of different thicknesses. This was done bydetermining the energy absorption coefficients for SrS and the amount of X-ray energy absorption was calculated according to A =1 -exp(-x.mu./.rho.), where .mu./.rho. is the X-ray energy absorption coefficient and x is the phosphor mass thickness. .mu./.rho. values at 18 KeV X-ray energy where obtained from published data; 18 keV energy was chosen since this is the energy used in diagnostic mammography. The results of this analysis show that a 50 micrometer SrS:Ce,Sm phosphor layer thicknessabsorbs approximately 48% of incident 18 keV X-rays and a 100 micrometer thick layer absorbs approximately 70% of the incident radiation energy. These values are well within the range needed for maintaining good X-ray photon statistics. The next stepis to verify that a 50 or 100 micrometer phosphor layer thickness will also exhibit sufficient spatial resolution. This was done by fabricating screens having various thicknesses and measuring their spatial resolution. For purposes of comparison,resolution has been defined as the spatial frequency (in Lp/mm) where a 10% modulation can be measured. Experimental results show that a 100 micrometer thick phosphor layer exhibits approximately a 22 Lp/mm spatial resolution (10% modulation). Bycontrast, screen/film systems exhibit a resolution of about 15 Lp/mm and BaFBr phosphors screens exhibit a limiting resolution of about 8 Lp/mm.\n\nIn addition to the radiation absorption and spatial resolution characteristics, other parameters of the present invention have been measured. For example, the linearity and dynamic range of the phosphor screens were determined by measuring thenumber of photons actually detected by the optical detection system as a function of X-ray exposure (see FIG. 2). Measurements are shown for exposures between 3 mR and 550 mR showing a linear phosphor response to X-ray exposure. From the X-ray exposureresponse and S/N measurements, the minimum exposure sensitivity was also determined. The minimum phosphor exposure sensitivity is approximately 1 R. Published results for the BaFBr:Eu system indicate a minimum sensitivity of 10-100.mu.R, so the screenof the present invention is at least a factor of ten more sensitive. Measurements also indicate that the dynamic range of the SrS:Ce,Sm phosphor system is approximately 10.sup.6. These results are clearly superior to screen/film systems and BaFBrphosphor systems. Further, the linear response and wide dynamic range of the SrS:Ce,Sm screen indicates that as long as the X-ray exposure is within the linear sensitivity range of the phosphor, over or under exposure cannot occur, since the gray levelof the image can be scaled.\n\nAn additional improved property of the present invention relative to the BaFBr system is the response time of the SrS:Ce,Sm phosphor to an IR pulse. FIG. 3 shows that the fall time of the luminescence after the IR pulse is approximately 150nanoseconds (1/e); similar measurements also indicate a rise time of 150 ns. This is faster than the BaFBr:Eu system which exhibits a response time of 1 .mu.s. The fast response time of the SrS:Ce,Sm phosphor means that the IR laser can be scannedacross the image screen faster, so that the stored image can be read more rapidly than from BaFBr:Eu screens.\n\nPhosphor/screen fabrication\n\nThe preferred electron trapping material for use in the present invention is described in detail in U.S. Pat Nos. 4,822,520 and 4,855,603, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference. The material described in U.S. Pat. No.4,855,603 differs from the material described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,520 in that it includes a cesium halide in the mixture (SrS:Ce,Sm,Cs). However, both of these electron trapping materials have a high sensitivity to low energy X-rays such as used inmammography. For purposes of simplicity, both of these materials are referred to collectively hereafter as the SrS:Ce,Sm storage phosphor.\n\nSeveral methods can be employed to fabricate SrS:Ce,Sm storage phosphor screens exhibiting the desired characteristics. The SrS:Ce,Sm storage phosphor material is prepared first in bulk ingot form. Once the polycrystalline ingot is prepared, itis ground to obtain powder. This can be achieved by ball milling, jet milling, or other known techniques. In addition, the ground powder may be annealed to repair the mechanical damage from milling and increase luminescence output. Typically, theparticle size used for screen fabrication is between 1 and 10 micrometers; this range of particle sizes is needed to achieve the resolution requirements.\n\nIn order to achieve good resolution and luminescence output with fine particles, one screen fabrication method of the invention uses a tape casting process. This technique involves the preparation of a slurry containing the phosphor particleswhich is first ball milled to produce a homogeneous mixture of well dispersed particles of between 1-10 micrometers. Once properly mixed, the slurry is applied onto a suitable substrate, such as alumina, and allowed to dry in an inert atmosphere. Thethickness of the coating of electron trapping material on the substrate is between 50-150 .mu.m for optimum absorption and resolution requirements. The cast layer is then treated at elevated temperatures to sinter the particles to each other and to thesubstrate, as well as to remove the mechanical damage introduced during grinding Typically, screens can be sintered between 500.degree. C. and 900.degree. C., depending on the extent of mechanical damage. Alternatively, the ground powder can besintered to repair the mechanical damage and increase luminescence. The powder can then be mixed with suitable organic binders (powder loading in binder of greater than 80% is derisrable) and applied to a thin semi-flexible substrate, such as mylar,without further heat treatment. Ideally, the substrate is formed of a material which will absorb the IR beam and not scatter it. The coated substrate is preferably encapsulated with a transparent overcoat for mechanical and environmental protection.\n\nOptical Readout System\n\nIn order to read out a stored image from the phosphor screens, a laser scanner system can be used. One possible configuration for a scanning system is shown in FIG. 4. The scanner system consists of a 50 mW diode pumped Nd:YAG laser 2 emitting1.064 m wavelength. Scanning mirrors 4,6 are used to step the IR beam and focusing optics 8,10 are used to a produce a beam size of 45.mu.m (l/e.sup.2) at the phosphor screen. An acousto-optic modulator 14 is used to set the IR beam dwell time perpixel. The visible luminescence emitted by the phosphor screen during IR stimulation is collected and propogated to a photomultiplier tube 16 (PMT). The PMT signal is then digitized and stored in computer memory as a function laser beam position on thescreen. Once an entire screen 12 is scanned in this way, the stored data is processed and displayed on a CRT as an image, where the magnitude of the PMT signal from each screen pixel is converted into a suitable gray level for display. Although thescanning system shown involves a 2-dimensional scan of the beam across a stationary screen, it is also possible to scan the screen by other methods, such as single-axis beam raster and screen translation in an orthogonal direction.\n\nThe phosphor screen can be erased by simply flooding the screen with high intensity IR light to release all electrons from their traps.\n\nThe above-described system is presented as an example, and many modifications are possible. For example, laser diodes can be used in place of the Nd:YAG laser to supply IR light. Likewise, silicon photodetectors can be employed in place of thePMT to detect the visible light emission from the material.\n\n\nThe SrS:Ce,Sm electron trapping phosphor provides an excellent X-ray screen for mammography applications. The electron trapping X-ray storage phosphor exhibits superior exposure sensitivity and dynamic range relative to screen/film systems, withreduced dose to the patient. In addition, the electron trapping phosphor exhibits fast response and improved spatial resolution relative to existing commercial storage phosphor (BaFBr:Eu) systems.\n\nAlthough the present invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, many other variations and modifications will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention not be limited by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.\n\n* * * * *\n  Recently Added Patents\nUsing location based services for determining a calling window\nPrioritizing application data for transmission in a wireless user device\nMethods for testing OData services\nSynchronous rectifier network unit circuit and method\n  Randomly Featured Patents\nAttenuated strains of mycobacteria\nMolding-system platen having tie-bar accommodation corners that resist coplanar disorientation\nScrew cap with reducer and directional lug driven tamper band\nN-glucoside compounds having an inhibitory activity against sodium-dependent glucose transporter\nDesk receptacle for writing instruments and office supplies or the like\nApparatus and method for mounting and stabilizing electrical junction boxes between wall studs\nForming element for an absorbent article and an absorbent article containing the same\nLocking unit for pole assembly\nSystem and method for using varied binarization processing to implement a printer driver architecture\nHeating, ventilating and air conditioning blower housing", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9260238409042358}
+{"content": "Category: technology computer hardware\n\nBloomberg Technology\n\nby whitney\nTogether with the advancement of science and technology, technological improvements grew together with it, ensuing to the emergence of latest equipment and devices. Technology has its unwanted effects - we have to agree - but then if we reverse the entire condition and take a look at the flipside then its not simply the students who are getting benefited by Google, Bing and so forth however academics too can replace their data and skills with assist from internet.\n\nThe time period info Age” has appeared in Rushkoff's work, but he has critiqued the term.Speaking at convention in February 2000, organised in New York by The Disinformation Company, Rushkoff (2004) argued that using information because the defining time period for the changes wrought by developing applied sciences was an try by enterprise to generate profits out of the changes really going down in communications.\n\n\"Social and community organizers who noticed in social media a brand new, secure way for people to gather, voice their opinions, and impact bottom-up change are sometimes recoiling at the way networked anonymity breeds mob conduct, cruel assault, and thoughtless\n\nPast the quibbling over historical past is a real disagreement about media ecologies themselves that, as Fuller rightly points out, are handled by the media ecology custom by means of an amalgam of humanism and technological determinism. Moreover, I imagine that technology is preserving learning fun and fascinating for the\n\nA new movement, amongst others, was spawned as a result of these murders of Afrcan peoples of America, now known as 'Black Lives Matter.\" Obama is about to exit the Presidency in about les than one-and-a-half yr, and the Democratic Occasion has as its presidential prospect and the upcoming election euphoria is at a really low ebb, One candidate who has proclaimed his Socialist leaning, is womewhat within the information with the few hundreds atteding his\n\nEngineering And Technology\n\nby whitney\nThe amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth's soil is so large, about ten thousand occasions better than all the energy used by humanity as an entire, however not concentrated in the sense that it is crucial to gather vitality from very massive areas to have important quantities , and fairly tough to transform into power that's simply exploitable with acceptable efficiencies. Furthermore, new developments in cognitive science, nano-technology, and digital reality could at some point allow us to transcend what it means to be human as we speak. I guess thus listening to and reading what Watzlaiwich is saying about actuality and time travel is start to slowly\n\nTechnology has its uncomfortable side effects - now we have to agree - however then if we reverse your entire condition and take a look at the flipside then its not just the scholars who're getting benefited by Google, Bing and so on however academics too can update their information and expertise with aid from\n\nIn David Levy's class on mindfulness and technology on the University of Washington, one of many assignments requires students to videotape themselves whereas online to trace their social media patterns. Centernetworks - The site provides information, critiques, insights and interviews masking Internet 2.0, social networking, social media and social lending with a special deal with Internet functions\n\nIndividuals with disabilities can receive enquiries by way of Internet, telephone or fax. Technology is new knowledge whose social and political implications cannot be ignored, and that they are real; and by restricting it to slim economic considerations, stifles current growth and arrests future potentialities.\n\nOn some degree, we are capable of negating and controlling the media in a given manner, on the similar time we're thoroughly immersed in an environment that's constructed pushed by the technological devices, machinery and language manipulated through media speaking points and advertisement(seduced subliminally), polls, and varied different programming.\n\nThe Construction Trade And Technology\n\nby whitney\nThere is no such thing as a written proof which may inform us precisely who has coined the phrase instructional technology. However he cannot exist alone, he alone is Reality we think about in the wold or in life, however nice or small, it at all times forms a part of another Actuality, is built-in in one other Actuality, is affected by other Realities, which in turn have an effect in or on different realities.\n\nIn the near future, the media ecology is posed to have another seismic addition, the convergence of virtual realities and the physical world. There are exceptions like for college students with disabilities who should convey the technologies they should facilitate their\n\nVerbeek is a member of UNESCO - COMEST (World Fee on the Ethics of Science and Technology); the Dutch Concil for the Humanities; the Supervisory Board of TNO (Dutch Organization for applied scientific research); the board of the Rathenau Institute; the program council for Accountable Innovation of NWO - Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; and the Middle for Ethics and Health (Ministry of Health).technology\n\nThere is no denying that the impact of technology on this planet right now is big and can be categorized Into the way it effects our society at present and how it influences the business activities and operations. Whether phrase-of-mouth, pamphlets, telegraph, letters to the editor, phone, or snail mail, people have at all times been social, they usually have used the technology of the period to perform this.\n\n\"Both technology's method is basically making a larger dependence on our half on its effectivity or possibly we are unwittingly permitting ourselves, via this dependency, are being enslaved enslaved to a false actuality by the brand new technological devices and so they actuality they convey together with\n\nTechnology Development Fund\n\nby whitney\nThis weblog is about technology and society, the connection between folks and information technology. Learning science can be enjoyable and exciting if pupils are supplied with the most conducive and stimulating climate for developing their competence by way of ideas, skills, perspective in science and technology wherein science studying progresses to self-directed and unbiased\n\nCan we begin from employment made doable by science and technology in manufacturing industries, that of communication industries, that of service rendering industries or do we speak in regards to the jobs it created for folks by way of web advertising and marketing?\n\nLastly, technology as a total societal enterprise is the complex of knowledge, folks, skills, organizations, amenities, technichs, physical resources, methods,and technologies that taken collectively and in relationship to 1 one other are devoted to the research, growth, manufacturing, and operation of technics.\n\nWhat we learn from McLuhan is that when we invented the technologies that we're utilizing at this time, we \"extended ourselves\" and that these extension create a shift, a change in our actual area and time, and that,it might essential that we needs to be cognizant of what we are\n\nInside the dynamic Internet and Social Media landscape, users within Kujali are capable of create and soak up new learning narratives concurrently. The media has received an important role in molding an excellent society to develop our way of life and move it on the proper path, as a result of it all the time attempt to aspect with the truth and relevant\n\nNew And Improved Applied sciences\n\nby whitney\nThis blog is about technology and society, the connection between individuals and data technology. With out his work in the 1950s and '60s, there would be no area of study that sought to explain how the nuances and great sweeps of human historical past are made doable by media of communication—how media determine the thoughts and actions of people and society, in a comfortable”\n\nWe are the grid, even when we don't assume so about ourselves as a result of, one way or the other, we are conforming to the cultural dictates of the new and rising media, and we're in a hurry to dump the outdated ways or willing to be numbed from acknowledging it. In so doing, we are, in plain view, turning into and permitting ourselves to be enslaved by technology, and cannot even grasp that we're within the act of doing so and are eager to trip pell-mell into the technological virtual\n\nThat is the moment we have been waiting for, explains award-winning media theorist Douglas Rushkoff, but we don't appear to have any time by which to dwell it. Instead we stay poised and frozen, overwhelmed by an all the time-on, reside-streamed re­ality that our human bodies and minds can by no means actually in­behavior.\n\nNonetheless, while the social media web site can be very helpful, it is vital to avoid becoming addicted to it. This text includes a comprehensive record of the pros and cons of utilizing Facebook in your on a regular basis life. Lecturers should be committed to learning the follow of technology and methods to implement technology in the classroom, to help their college students be active and constructive contributors as residents of society.\n\nOne other drawback with virtual actuality is time: it takes a long time frame to develop a virtual environment which may not be good news for any industrial enterprise wishing to invest on this technology. But this doesn't imply that everybody who has Technology of their life, knows exactly learn how to work it or perceive the real cause for its", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8077096939086914}
+{"content": "Keep Your Plants Green!\n\nTip 1: If you don’t have enough time to water your plants or you travel a lot, set your plant in a shady area and remove the buds. This way they need less water.\n\nTip 2: Use proper soil, or better yet use fully composed yard waste. Supply your plants with the right nutrients, quality soil is key.\n\nTip 3: Give plants plenty of water – it’s crucial to their survival. It’s like plant 101.\n\nTip 4: Use a proper pot or container; it’s going to be your plant’s home for the rest of it’s life, talk about pressure. Nothing too big or too small, go with something just right; medium is the word. Your plant will grow the longer you take care of it and the right amount of space is fundamental to it’s growth.\n\nTip 5: Watch out for bugs! Some insects actually transport viruses from one plant to another.\n\nTip 6: Deadheading (cutting off the faded bloom) encourages the plant to keep producing more flowers or leaves.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9848228693008423}
+{"content": "Benjamin B. Ferencz\n\nBenjamin B. Ferencz served as a chief prosecutor in the Nuremberg war crimes trials against the Nazi extermination squads. (see his website at\n\n\n\nChief prosecutor Benjamin Ferencz at the Einsatzgruppen Trial. Photograph #09917; Courtesy US Holocaust Museum.\n\nIn the photo above, the man on the far right wearing a dark jacket is a Dutch survivor of the camp who served as a guide for the American generals on their visit. The second man from the right is Captain Alois Liethen, who is interpreting for General Bradley to his left and General Eisenhower in the center of the photo. The man to the left of General Eisenhower is Benjamin B. Ferencz, who is taking notes. On the far left is one of the survivors of Ohrdruf. Ohrdruf subcamp", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6912829875946045}
+{"content": "The mughal era\n\nArchitectural developments during mughal era: mughal period was the period of glory in the field of architecture they also laid out many formal gardens with running water. Mughal architecture: mughal architecture, building style that flourished in northern and central india from the mid-16th to the late 17th century under the patronage of the mughal emperors. The mughal empire was founded by babur, a central asian ruler who was descended from the turco-mongol conqueror timur (the founder of the timurid empire) on his father's side and from chagatai, the second son of the mongol ruler genghis khan, on his mother's side [36]. The mughal emperors, from the early 16th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the mughal empire on the indian subcontinent, . Interviews takht will be the k3g of the mughal era: karan johar the filmmaker on making his biggest film yet, matching up to the bar set by bhansali for historicals and, giving his writers centre stage.\n\nThe mughal dynasty ruled the indian subcontinent for over three centuries, completely transforming the culture of the region and leaving behind marks still seen today babur badishah, first and founding emperor of the mughal empire and direct descendant of genghis khan the first emperor of the . Many great monuments were built by the muslim emperors during the mughal era including the taj mahal the muslim mughal dynasty built splendid palaces, tombs, minars and forts that stand today in delhi, dhaka , agra, jaipur, lahore, sheikhupura and many other cities of india, pakistan and bangladesh. The mughal empire was a military state that dominated the subcontinent from roughly 1526 to 1857 formally a muslim empire, the mughals claimed turkish/mongolian ancestry and had close cultural .\n\nIn this section, i want you to brainstorm on what you have learned and how it either connects or disconnects to your own environment in other words, what are the similarities and/or the differences you see between the two worlds/societies 1) make a list of the things that come to your mind 2 . 10 books on mughal india you must read 2 years ago you can understand the politics in the harem during the mughal era and can also get a glimpse about the . The fifth mughal emperor, shah jahan (1592-1666), was more like his grandfather akbar and his great-great-grandfather babur: a schemer, a man of grand plans and ideas.\n\nMughals were blessed with their splendid architectural skills delhi was a major hub for mughal emperor and so it has many historical monuments of that era which is witness of several historical event. History of the moghul empire including babur in kabul, babur in india, humayun, akbar, fatehpur sikri, jahangir, moghul miniatures, shah jahan and aurangzeb, moghul domes, the moghuls after aurangzeb, europeans in the empire. Explore huda i's board mughal era on pinterest | see more ideas about american indian jewelry, indian jewelry and jewelry necklaces. International trade immensely developed during the mughal era the indian traders traveled by land and touched the borders of europe and middle east as well as china and far east features of mughal era. This course describes the complete aspects of mughal empire, beneficial for ssc cgl, upsc and other exams.\n\n1 day ago this mughal-era artwork — geometric and floral motifs in an 80-metre-long vaulted arcade called chhatta bazaar — was hidden under multiple coats of whitewashing applied casually over the years . India's gdp growth increased under the mughal empire, with india's gdp having a faster growth rate during the mughal era than in the 1,500 years prior to the mughal era mughal india's economy has been described as a form of proto-industrialization , like that of 18th-century western europe prior to the industrial revolution . Aurangzeb’s death marked the end of an era in indian history of the mughal empire the later mughal decline of the mughal empire a number of provinces .\n\nThe mughal era\n\nthe mughal era Mughal era 338 likes was an imperial power in the indian subcontinent from about 1526 to 1757.\n\nMughal dynasty: mughal dynasty, muslim dynasty of turkic-mongol origin that ruled most of northern india from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The mughal empire (also known as mogul, timurid, or hindustan empire) is considered one of the classic periods of india's long and amazing history in 1526, zahir-ud-din muhammad babur, a man with mongol heritage from central asia, established a foothold in the indian sub-continent which was to last . Indian art in the mughal era the musicals introduced many new things to indian culture, one being monumental tomb architecture such as the world-famous tag-mall hindus and buddhist always cremated their dead so burial was a new custom all together. Flowers underfoot: indian carpets of the mughal era [daniel walker] on amazoncom free shipping on qualifying offers with the exhibition flowers underfoot: indian carpets of the mughal era, the metropolitan museum of art paid tribute to india.\n\n  • Mughal architecture is the type of indo-islamic architecture developed by the mughals in the 16th, another construction of the mughal era is lalbagh fort .\n  • The peshwaz was a long, outer garment that was worn by women during the mughal era it was intricately embellished with zari and gota patti.\n  • Describe the dresses of mughal era or, the ornaments, footwear, head-wear and dresses of mughal period mughal costume: the ladies and gents of the mughal empire wore beautiful and expensive clothes made from the finest materials and adorned themselves with jewellery from head to toe.\n\nKaran johar reveals takhts plot, karan johar k3g of mughal era, movie takht, aurangzeb son of shah jahan and dara shikogh, aurangzeb karan johar movie. After the mughal era ended, most of the royal jewelry was preserved in indian museums centuries later, mughal jewelry retained its lost glory thanks to the 2008 release of the movie jodhaa akbar about a romance between mughal emperor akbar and rajput princess jodhaa. The mughal era is a historic period of the mughal empire in south asia (mainly northernindia, north eastern pakistan and bangladesh) that was ruled by members of the timurid dynasty. The mughal period architecture of the mughal period mughal architecture is an indo-islamic architectural style that developed in india under the patronage of the mughal empire.\n\nThe mughal era\nRated 5/5 based on 36 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9926038384437561}
+{"content": "cheikh a.\ncheikh a.\n\nLanguage pairs\n\n\nAbility to work efficiently under pressure, knowledge in travel booster travel agency system, effective leadership skills, well-organized, with great time management skills, in-depth knowledge about local and world history ,excellent interpersonal and communication skills, thirst for adventure and challenge ,ability to work for long hours outgoing and friendly personality with superb writing and documentation skills.\n\nOver the Phone Interpretation Service\n\nDownload the app and connect to experienced interpreters at any time", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9922850728034973}
+{"content": "When people first come to see me they are always curious about the light bar that sits in the corner of my office (see image). “What is that thing?”, they ask. I explain that the light bar is a tool I use to provide EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Most of them have never heard of EMDR. Those that have are usually excited about it because they’ve either had a positive experience with it or know someone who has.\n\nFor those of you who don’t know, EMDR is an evidence based practice that helps people reprocess memories that keep them from living life the way they want to. It’s most commonly known as a treatment to address past trauma, especially Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. But it’s much more versatile than that. I use EMDR to help people who want to change behaviors or beliefs about themselves that they’ve been unable to change with traditional counseling or by themselves.\n\nA good example is a person who feels inadequate and wrong whenever someone points out a mistake they’ve made. Such a person might be quite successful, having pushed the inadequate feelings down and overcompensated for them through perfectionism. Most people that fit that scenario know their reactions and beliefs are irrational, but that knowledge does not alleviate the core feelings of worthlessness. That’s because those core beliefs were formulated through some experience from long ago when they felt shamed. The memory of the shaming experience has been improperly stored in the brain and has impacted every subsequent experience of criticism in such a way that they feel worthless, incompetent, or damaged despite all evidence to the contrary. In EMDR we say that the past remains present. By using EMDR we put the past back in the past where it belongs.\n\nEMDR works in much the same way as dreaming does. When we go to sleep at night and dream our eyes shift back and forth, bilaterally stimulating the left and right hemispheres of the brain. In doing so, we are able to process unconscious material that has emerged during the day. In EMDR we use eye movements, sounds or tapping to also bilaterally stimulate the brain to reprocess the memories that have created the patterns that keep us stuck.\n\nIn my practice, I usually use the light bar to help people with their eye movements. The green lights that are shown in the center of the bar will move from side to side, and as they do I instruct clients to notice all the aspects of their memory and just follow the lights. As we engage in sets of eye movements using the bar, the memory slowly shifts until it is no longer disturbing. Then we use eye movements to pair a more functional belief, such as “I’m good enough as I am” with the original, disturbing memory. This way, they can go out into the world and when they have an experience of being criticized, for example, they will resonate the feeling of being good enough instead of being a failure.\n\nI find EMDR to be an amazing methodology that I use with many people who come to see me. If you are feeling stuck in a pattern that you feel helpless to change EMDR might be right for you. For more information:https://compatiblecounseling.com/emdr-eye-movement-desensitization-reprocessing/\n\nComments are closed.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6154286861419678}
+{"content": "Dr. David Garvey Presents at CT Community Nonprofit Alliance’s Annual Conference\n\nDavid Garvey\n\n\n\nIn his session, Dr. Garvey presented findings from his research of Connecticut nonprofit strategic partnerships. The study is based on interviews with Connecticut nonprofit leaders who have been identified by their peers as having strong skills in developing and managing strategic partnerships. Those interviewed represented a cross section of Connecticut towns and cities, and various positions held in the state’s nonprofit sector. The core aspect of the finding of the qualitative study was based on two questions asked of the practitioners: 1) describe the dynamics of nonprofit collaboration that you were engaged in that in your opinion worked and explain why.  2) describe the dynamics of nonprofit collaboration that you were engaged in that in your opinion did not work and explain why. The collaborations described by the study participants ranged from nonprofit to nonprofit and cross-sector (nonprofit and government) collaborations. The data from the individual interviews was coded and then aggregated to identify common dynamics that occurred in effective and non-effective strategic partnerships from the study of participants’ perspectives.\n\nThe study respondents when describing the dynamics of collaborations that worked consistently noted eight traits.\n\n  1. Belief in the value of collaboration by all parties\n  2. Trust between partners\n  3. Clarity of purpose of the collaboration\n  4. Equal value of the desired outcome of the collaboration by all parties\n  5. Appropriate voice and power within collaboration\n  6. A mutually agreed and defined governing/decision-making structure for the collaboration\n  7. Diversity of skill-sets and expertise between partner members (organizationally and individual)\n  8. Partners having strong soft-skill sets for team building (collaborative competency)\n\nAn additional ninth finding, especially relevant for long-term partnerships between organizations, is the strategy of engaging collaborative partners in the succession planning, when one organization is seeking to fill a position of senior staff, in which that staff role has been intrical to the collaboration.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6376211643218994}
+{"content": "l1000.db: SQLite database of LINCS L1000 metadata\n\n<div>LINCS L1000 measures the transcriptional response to perturbation. `l1000.db` is a SQLite database that we use to store LINCS L1000 data. Our database contains several parts of the L1000 resource that have been converted into user-friendly tables. The database also provides information not available from L1000. Namely, we computed the chemical similarities between L1000 compounds and mapped the L1000 compounds to external vocabularies.</div><div><br></div><div>+ The `cells` table contains the L1000 cell lines.</div><div><div>+ The `sigs` table contains the L1000 signatures.</div></div><div>+ The `perts` table contains the L1000 perturbations.</div><div><div>+ The `similarity` table contains chemical similarity scores for all compound pairs.</div></div>+ The `unichem` table contains a mapping of L1000 compounds to external chemical vocabularies.<div><br></div><div>This database does not contain the L1000 expression data, hence we consider it metadata. `l1000.db.bz2` is bzip2 compressed to reduce file size. Decompress before use.</div><div><br></div><div>We rely on this database when computing consensus signatures for perturbations.</div><div><br></div><div>If using this database, please attribute this figshare deposition and the LINCS L1000 project. Also please abide by the data release policy for the [NIH LINCS Program](http://www.lincsproject.org/data/data-release-policy/).</div>", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999493360519409}
+{"content": "bake it yourself\n\n\n\nSugar Cookie Nachos\n\nSugar Cookie Nachos\n\n\n\nIn a large bowl using a hand mixer, blend the cubed butter until a creamy texture forms. Whip in the egg, then slowly incorporate the dry mix until a dough forms.\n\nShape the dough into a flat disk, wrap in plastic and chill in the freezer at least 20 minutes or until firm.\n\nOnce the dough has firmed, roll out on a floured flat surface into a large rectangle. Distribute the sprinkles evenly, covering the surface of the dough, and roll over a few more times to set the sprinkles into the dough.\n\nTrim the edges to make a perfect rectangle of dough, then cut into triangles and bake on the parchment lined baking sheet for 13-15 minutes.\n\nCool cookies on a wire rack, then serve cookies on a platter topped with the strawberries, banana, walnuts and chocolate syrup.\n\n\nRecipe Reviews", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9802881479263306}
+{"content": "I need some ideas for car/racing events to do this summer. My summer becomes completely free at the end of June. I’m not sure yet if Magoo The People’s Champ and myself will make it back to Watkins Glen or LRP. I’m located in Central, PA for reference. So things in SoCal are probably out of the question.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.994880735874176}
+{"content": "Why we chose the Mercedes-Benz Metris\n\nOctober 22, 2016\n\nEarlier this year, after owning the van for 4 months, Jack discussed about why he chose the Metris as our mobile service vans with Mercedes-Benz Canada. The crew and the owner spent a whole day together for an interview and a video shoot. Here's how it went! You can read about it more on their own site right here.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999542236328125}
+{"content": "Amanda Filipacchi's 'The Unfortunate Importance of Beauty' Will Make You Question What You Think When You Look In The Mirror\n\nTo what extent do our looks determine the course of our lives? In some ways, the question is kind of absurd. Most people love to believe any number of traits are more important than the exterior we present to the world. The attractiveness — and importance — of qualities like kindness, humor, intelligence, and ambition are self-evident to the degree that naming them feels a little silly. Yet, women are reminded time and time again that our looks are extremely important, reinforced daily by images in media, conversations among friends, and the standards we impose on ourselves.\n\nLike almost all the women I know, I’m used to dealing with the importance of beauty, but question it regularly. That's why I read Amanda Filipacchi’s New Yorker essay “The Looks You’re Born With and the Looks You’re Given” with enthusiasm. “For many people, even intelligent and brilliant ones, why does beauty count for more than anything else in their appreciation of other human beings — particularly of women? Why don’t other qualities count for more?” she writes.\n\nThis is one of the questions Filipacchi seeks to explore in her novel The Unfortunate Importance of Beauty (Norton). Filipacchi contemplates these subjects from a unique point of view: she’s the real-life daughter of a supermodel, Sondra Peterson, who did not inherit her mother’s stunning looks. In her New Yorker essay, she discusses experiences like undergoing multiple surgeries to correct her cross eye and having a dentist, unprompted, detail a painful jaw surgery to correct her chin’s appearance. She is asked by a family friend if she thinks the reason she loves her mother so much is because of her mother’s beauty. She is told by a potential romantic interest that it must have been hard to have such a beautiful mother. (“Things did not go further between that man and me,” she writes.)\n\n\nClick here to buy.\n\nThe Unfortunate Importance of Beauty is therefore a self-consciously personal novel, exemplified by a character who goes by the name Sondra Peterson for part of it. Filipacchi explores the topic through two characters who are each other’s opposites in terms of both their looks and their attitudes toward beauty. The book’s main character, Barb, is an extraordinarily beautiful woman who eschews her looks in favor of an elaborate disguise involving a fat suit and a wig. She believes the getup will enable her to find true love, with a man who appreciates her for more than just her looks. Lily, a close friend of Barb’s, is a profoundly ugly woman who seeks beauty in order to win over a man who admits it’s what he looks for in the opposite sex.\n\nThe novel contains a number of absurdist elements, including a plot twist that enables Lily to achieve beauty on a level similar to Barb’s. In this way, Filipacchi is able to explore how difficult it is for both a beautiful woman who makes herself very ugly and an ugly one who appears gorgeous to find love.\n\nWhy does physical attraction seem to trump other types of compatibility? How much do our looks make us who we are?\n\nFilipacchi’s examination of the effects of beauty and ugliness on attraction and romantic love turns to extremes for storytelling purposes, but the questions she explores are universally relatable: Why does physical attraction seem to trump other types of compatibility? How many emotional and intellectual connections do we miss out on because of how another person looks? How much does beauty impact falling and being in love with someone? Does caring about a partner’s looks make someone superficial or bad? Is it possible not to care? What happens when a significant other’s looks change? How much do our looks make us who we are?\n\nThe Unfortunate Importance of Beauty is a page-turner, partly because it involves a murder mystery, but also because Filipacchi’s satirical writing is engaging, and her characters are wacky in a way that makes for unusual and entertaining scenarios. Barb and Lily belong to a tight knit group of friends who are either artists or those who admire artistic talent. The group’s eccentricities lead to situations like a dangerous dinner party whose antics go far beyond the realm of normalcy in a way that is laugh out loud funny.\n\nDespite a number of highly amusing scenes and other truly riveting ones, The Unfortunate Importance of Beauty does at times fall short in being a provocative examination of its subject matter. Certain elements of the book, like Barb’s ritual of approaching men at bars in disguise and then removing her costume to watch them transition \"from jerk to gentleman,\" don’t quite read as thought-provoking. Although Barb acknowledges the reality of the situation (“I scan the bar ... for a possible scapegoat, for a shallow man to represent all shallow men”), a guy who ignores a woman he thinks is ugly only to become much more attentive when he realizes she is, in fact, breathtakingly gorgeous does not provide much insight into the the dynamics of beauty and attraction — especially to anyone who has spent even a nominal amount of time in New York City bars.\n\nOne of the concepts from Filipacchi’s New Yorker essay that intrigued me was the possibility her love for her mother was stronger because of her mother’s beauty. Reading The Unfortunate Importance of Beauty, I wondered about the impact of Barb and Lily’s appearances on their non-romantic relationships. Is Barb more beloved in their group of friends? Why or why not? Does pity for Lily’s ugliness, which is described as “inoperable,” ever diminish their respect for her and her talent? How does Barb’s disguise make Lily feel? We get glimpses, especially towards the end, but it feels like a missed opportunity. In general, the characters are somewhat underdeveloped, defined more by general eccentricity than relatable feelings and traits and flaws.\n\nIt prods at the question of the role beauty plays in dating, and reminds us that love that doesn’t purport to have all the answers.\n\nStill, The Unfortunate Importance of Beauty is quite an enjoyable read, difficult to put down because of Filipacchi’s skillful, animated prose. It offers a fantasy version of living as a creative person in New York City that is fun to dive into. Most of all, it prods at the question of the role beauty plays in dating, and reminds us that love that doesn’t purport to have all the answers.\n\nImage: Ley/flickr; Grazia Ippolito", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5195783376693726}
+{"content": "Energy Therapies\n\nReiki:    60 | 90 min - $125 | $165\n\n\nChakra Balancing:      60 | 90 min - $125 | $165\n\nThis is similar to Energy Balancing, but the focus is on opening the seven main chakras (energy centers) which are aligned along our spinal column.  Each chakra is not only associated with our physical health but is also connected to our emotional, mental and belief system  and therefore experiences turbulence, shifting it out of alignment.  This energy healing service helps to balance the chakras and allow energy to flow naturally. \n\nEnergy Balancing: 60 | 90 min - $125 | $165\n\nA therapeutic modality that is able to precisely register disturbances of the body on an energetic level. The body searches to reestablish its global balance by managing the circulation of energy in its circuits\n\nBioMat:     30 min - $30\n\n\nSound Healing:      60 min - $110\n\n\nCranial Sacral: 60 min - $135\n\nA light touch, whole body treatment technique that works with the body’s craniosacral system to support and nourish the central nervous system - improving overall health and well-being. Helps alleviates the aches, pains and strains of life; improves coping mechanisms to allow for better management of stress.\n\nIonic Foot Detox: 30 min - $75\n\nA foot bath that works by pulling the toxins out of your body through your feet.  This process is gives the hydrogen in the water a positive charge. The positive charge attracts the negatively charged toxins in your body. The ions in the foot bath water supposedly hold a charge that enables them bind to any heavy metals and toxins in your body, similar to how a magnet works. This allows the toxins to be pulled out through the bottoms of your feet.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5668270587921143}
+{"content": "Sarah Lee: Our children are missing a lesson in the great outdoors\n\nHave your say\n\nIT’S September and children have returned to school after a long and fair-weathered summer break. For some, this vacation will have been full of adventure and exploring the world around them. For others, it was probably spent in front of the TV.\n\nSadly the countryside remains an enigma for many children. This is why the Countryside Alliance believes that all children should have the chance to experience the outdoors through their school. Not only because it is soul enriching, but also because it can help with concentration and learning.\n\nNew research by The Countryside Alliance Foundation (TCAF) backs this up. Polling shows a strong demand for outdoor learning amongst parents, with 91 per cent wanting the countryside to play a greater role in their children’s education and 92 per cent thinking that their child would benefit from being given hands-on tuition in the countryside.\n\nInterestingly, these very same parents also tell us that they believe that one of the biggest barriers to getting children out of the classroom is the red-tape and health and safety fears.\n\nThis school-trip compensation culture is harming our children’s education and we are encouraged to see that parents know this is more of a myth than it is a reality.\n\nFigures show that just 16 Local Education Authorities paid out compensation arising from accidents on school trips last year, at an average of only £300 per authority.\n\nDespite this very low incidence of accidents on school trips (and the majority of pay-outs coming from ski-trips!), there is still a disproportionate fear of litigation arising from health and safety bureaucracy, which prevents many teachers from taking young people out of the classroom as a way of developing their learning.\n\nMedia fervour and misinterpreted teacher union guidance following those rare incidents when they happen has unintentionally led to a climate of fear around taking pupils out of the classroom.\n\nAs a result, children are missing out on valuable learning experiences. However, with the high demand amongst parents and children, we hope these latest figures can inspire more teachers to feel confident in letting children enjoy the benefits of outdoor education.\n\nThe benefits can be immense. Outdoor education helps children gain a practical understanding of the world around them; builds self confidence; tests their abilities; enables them to take managed risks: and develops a sense of responsibility and tolerance towards places and people.\n\nOutdoor learning can also help children and young people understand subjects like maths or science through real world examples and first-hand experience. While academic achievement is important, outdoor education can play a significant role helping pupils develop soft skills like good communication, team work and leadership; all of which are essential to the well-rounded education that is vital for life beyond the classroom.\n\nThe Countryside Alliance Foundation is not just talking about the benefits of outdoor education; we are working hard in delivering it in Yorkshire and across the country through our Fishing for Schools initiative.\n\nThis teaches young people the unique skills of fly fishing and offer them a gateway into the natural world. Run by renowned angling personality Charles Jardine and his dedicated team, his mission is simple – to educate and enhance young lives.\n\nThe course has already seen children from Cathedral School, Wakefield, and Honley High School, Holmfirth, experience this short course. This programme is particularly beneficial to those children with special educational needs, who find academic work particularly difficult but respond well to alternative learning.\n\nOn one recent course, an autistic child was so engaged by Charles’s demonstration that he talked to him about what he had experienced. This was the first time he had ever spoken to anyone outside his family. The legacy of the project is for all to see with existing schools maintaining their association with the programme and the lasting impact this project has had on the children.\n\nSchemes like Fishing for Schools show what a difference alternative forms of teaching, done outside the classroom, can have on children who know little of the natural would.\n\nMy summer holidays were spent exploring the world around me, getting to know the countryside and learning about nature, which is why it still shocks me that some children cannot recognise an oak tree, a robin or can tell their teacher where milk comes from.\n\nThis is also why TCAF is so passionate about encouraging a greater use of outdoor learning, ensuring children have a better understanding of the countryside and enabling teachers to bring learning to life without feeling threatened by a ‘compensation culture’.\n\nWith this in mind, we call on the Government to create an entitlement to outdoor education within the National Curriculum, and ensure that future generations never lose touch with the world around them.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8995909094810486}
+{"content": " Very Formal Letter Ending Formal Letter Ending 3 chrysler affilitesFormal Letter Ending Filename keralapilgrim centersEnding Of An Official Letter andy eggersJOBS Act Rule 506c formal investigation Closing Letter from the Secu2026Endings letters french formal letter closing refrence proper format Ending A Business Letter Elegant Ficial Letter Ending Sentence 28 Letter Endings How to End a Letter with Sample Letter Closings Business Letter Format Endings Fresh Closing Salutations For Formal closing letter end ways a letters font in how full ending letter Erkaljonathandedeckercom\n\nThe Idea of Writing Letters And Coloring Pages\n\nHome » Very Formal Letter Ending\n\nVery Formal Letter Ending\n\nFormal Letter Ending 3  Chrysler Affilites\n\nThe inspiring digital imagery is segment of which is grouped within category and posted by admin. If you feel interested and want to download images. Please select an image you like and then after that, please save it to your device. The awesome digital photography is section of very formal letter ending & has high a size\n\nThank you for visiting at this website. Listed below is a fantastic graphic for Very Formal Letter Ending. We have been searching for this image through on-line and it came from trustworthy resource. If youre searching for any new fresh plan for your own home then the Very Formal Letter Ending image needs to be on top of resource or you might use it for an alternative concept.\n\nThis picture has been published by admin tagged in category field. And we also trust it can be the most well liked vote in google vote or event in facebook share. Hopefully you like it as we do. 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+{"content": "American Flags Store Calais VT 05648\n\nMade in the USA American Flags around Calais VT 05648\n\nA national symbol that has the labels “The Stars and Stripes”, “Old Glory”, and “The Star-Spangled Banner”, the American flag is one of the extremely identifiable signs worldwide today. This is primarily because of the condition of the United States as one of one of the most influential nations in history. The American Flag is the third oldest of the National Standards of the globe – older than the Union Jack of Britain or the Tricolor of France. It is distinct in the deep and worthy relevance of its message to the whole globe. It stands for a message of national freedom, of private freedom, of optimism, and of patriotism.\n\nWho made the American Flag?\nJust what does the American Flag stand for?\nWhy is the American Flag essential to American culture?\nWhere can I find American Flags?\n\nWho created the American Flag?\n\n\nPhoto via Wikimedia Commons\n\n\nJust what does the American Flag represent?\n\n\n\n\nIt incarnates for all humanity the spirit of freedom and also the wonderful principle of human liberty; not the freedom of unrestraint or the liberty of license, yet a unique ideal of equal opportunity permanently, freedom and the pursuit of joy, guarded by the stern as well as lofty principles of obligation, of integrity and of justice, and achievable by obedience to self-imposed laws.\n\nTwice informed stories of nationwide honor and also glory cluster thickly about it. It bears witness to the tremendous expansion of our nationwide limits, the growth of our natural sources, as well as the remarkable structure of our people. It prophesises the triumph of prominent federal government, of civic and also spiritual liberty and also of nationwide decency throughout the globe.\n\nWhy is the American Flag vital to American culture?\n\nThe American flag is extremely vital since it symbolizes the independent federal government as defined under the United States Constitution. The flag also signifies the different accomplishments of the nation as well as the satisfaction of its people.\n\nThis national symbol reminds individuals, not only in the state of Vermont, but throughout the entire USA about the different vital aspects of the Declaration of Independence. It is a complex icon, which means the liberty and rights of Americans. Drifting from the lofty pinnacle of American optimism, it is a beacon of enduring hope.\n\n\nWhere can I find American Flags?\n\nYou probably currently noticed this, but there are a lot of places where you could get American flags. Nonetheless, it is essential to keep in mind that the flag you are going to acquire need to be “Made in America”.\n\n\nThe flag represents national self-reliance and also popular sovereignty. It is not the flag of a reigning household or imperial house, yet of the thousands free people bonded into a nation, one and also inseparable, unified not only by community of passion, however by important unity of belief and purpose; a country identified for the clear specific perception of its citizens alike of their tasks as well as their opportunities, their commitments and also their civil liberties.\n\n\nCalais ZIP codes we serve: 05648", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9043686389923096}
+{"content": "NetLogo banner\n\n Contact Us\n\n Modeling Commons\n\n User Manuals:\n\n\nNetLogo User Community Models\n\n(back to the NetLogo User Community Models)\n\n[screen shot]\n\n\nTry It in NetLogo Web\n\n\nIn some networks, a few \"hubs\" have lots of connections, while everybody else only has a few. This model shows one way such networks can arise.\n\nSuch networks are ubiquitous of real world situations, ranging from the connections between websites to the collaborations between actors.\n\nThe model generates these networks by a process of \"Highly/Heuristically Optimized/Organized Tolerance/Tradeoffs\", in which new network members make a connection to the members which optimize multiple functional objectives.\n\n\nThe model starts with two nodes connected by an edge: the root node, in the center, and a node situated randomly in the space.\n\nAt each step, a new node is added. A new node is created in a random place in the space and then it chooses to attach himself to the node which minimizes the sum of two objectives: Euclidean distance from the node to attach to and number of hops from the root node.\n\n\nFirst you have to hit SETUP button which creates two connected nodes.\nPressing the GO-ONCE button adds one new node. To continuously add nodes, press GO.\n\nThe PLOT? switch turns off the plots.\n\nThe RESIZE-NODES button will make all of the nodes take on a size representative of their degree magnitude. If you press it again the nodes will return to equal size.\n\nIf you want the network to have a more appealing layout, press the REDO-LAYOUT button which will run the layout-step procedure until you press the button again. You can press REDO-LAYOUT at any time but should be used only _after_ simulation run, to avoid interfering with base logic.\n\nIf you want save nodes degree on a file for later use, push SAVE-NODES-DEGREE. It will save a file called \"NodesDegree.txt\".\n\nIf you want the model to run faster, you can turn off the PLOT? switch, slide to the right the speed and/or uncheck \"view updates\".\n\n\nThe networks that result from running this model are often called \"power law\" networks. These are networks in which the distribution of the number of connections of each node is not a normal distribution --- instead it follows what is a called a power law distribution. Power law distributions are different from normal distributions in that they do not have a peak at the average, and they are more likely to contain extreme values. Alex Fabrikant, Elias Koutsoupias, and Christos H. Papadimitriou propose a plausible explanation of the power law distributions of degrees observed in the graphs arising in the Internet topology based on a toy model of Internet growth in which two objectives are optimized simultaneously: “last mile” connection costs, and transmission delays measured in hops. Results seem to suggest that power laws tend to arise as a result of complex, multi-objective optimization. John C. Doyle et al. goes even further showing the power of S-metric and how this kind of networks can have greater performance and resilience than \"scale-free\" networks like \"preferential attachment\" of Barabasi & Albert.\n\nYou can see the degree distribution of the network in this model by looking at the plots. The top plot is a histogram of the degree of each node. The bottom plot shows the same data, but both axes are on a logarithmic scale. When degree distribution follows a power law, it appears as a straight line on the log-log plot. One simple way to think about power laws is that if there is one node with a degree distribution of 1000, then there will be ten nodes with a degree distribution of 100, and 100 nodes with a degree distribution of 10.\n\n\nLet the model run a little while. How many nodes are \"hubs\", that is, have many connections? How many have only a few? Does some low degree node ever become a hub? How often?\n\nAllow a large network to form. What is the shape of the histogram in the top plot? What do you see in log-log plot? Notice that the log-log plot is only a straight line for a limited range of values. Why is this? Does the degree to which the log-log plot resembles a straight line grow as you add more node to the network?\n\n\nAssign an additional attribute to each node. Make the attachment depend on this new attribute as well as on degree or other parameters.\n\nIn this network all nodes are peers but this is not the case of internet where differences exist between end users and ISPs; can be power law degrees distribution preserved?\n\nCan the layout algorithm be improved? Perhaps nodes from different hubs could repel each other more strongly than nodes from the same hub, in order to encourage the hubs to be physically separate in the layout.\n\nWhat about S(g)? How does it vary? Why?\n\n\nThere are many ways to graphically display networks. This model uses a common \"spring\" method where the movement of a node at each time step is the net result of \"spring\" forces that pulls connected nodes together and repulsion forces that push all the nodes away from each other. This code is in the `layout-step` procedure. You can force this code to execute any time by pressing the REDO LAYOUT button, and pressing it again when you are happy with the layout.\n\n\nNodes are turtle agents and edges are link agents. The `layout-spring` primitive places the nodes, as if the edges are springs and the nodes are repelling each other.\n\n\nSee other models in the Networks section of the Models Library, such as Giant Component or Preferential Attachment.\n\nSee also Network Example, in the Code Examples section.\n\n\nThis model is based on:\nAlex Fabrikant, Elias Koutsoupias, and Christos H. Papadimitriou. Heuristically Optimized Trade-offs: A New Paradigm for Power Laws in the Internet.\n\nFor a more technical treatment, see also:\nLun Li, David Alderson, Reiko Tanaka, John C. Doyle, Walter Willinger. Towards a Theory of Scale-Free Graphs: Definition, Properties, and Implications,\nTechnical Report CIT-CDS-04-006, Engineering & Applied Sciences Division California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.\n\nThe layout algorithm is based on the Fruchterman-Reingold layout algorithm. More information about this algorithm can be obtained at:\n\n\n- Tomasini Marcello (2012). HOTnet model.\nStudent at University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.\n\n\nCopyright 2012 Tomasini Marcello,\n\n![CC BY-NC-SA 3.0](\n\n\n(back to the NetLogo User Community Models)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5030930638313293}
+{"content": "Anti-Inflammatory Strategies–Achieving Homeostasis\nHeader image\n\nAuthor Archives: Dr. Hellen\n\nHIV, or the human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that left untreated may lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. Unlike some other viruses, even with treatment some people infected with HIV may never eliminate the virus.\n\nIn an animal model of HIV, within 24 hours of infection, the virus hitches a ride on immune cells and travels throughout the body. HIV has a special propensity for immune cells, especially T cells. T cells help the body fight infections by activating the production of antibodies (large molecules that neutralize pathogens) and triggers inflammation to kill pathogens or destroy cells containing microbes. Left untreated, HIV infection reduces the numbers of defensive immune cells in the body, leaving HIV infected people (HIV positive) highly vulnerable to infection with other foreign agents (opportunistic infections) and cancers.\n\nDC (dendritic cell)- A type of immune cell that plays a primary role in infections with HIV.\nThey are important regulators of immune system responses to infection.\n\n\nFrom 80-90% of immune cells are found in the walls of the intestines and in the tissues surrounding the intestines. HIV tends to accumulate in these tissues and attack them. These inflammatory responses may weaken the gut barrier resulting in inflammatory digestive issues for HIV positive individuals.\n\n“Inflammation and immune activation accelerate heart disease and stroke, and chronic HIV infection results in both,” says Robert T. Schooley, AIDS researcher and Professor of Medicine in the Infectious Diseases division at the University of California at San Francisco. In addition, this population is at increased risk for certain cancers, gastrointestinal, liver and kidney problems.\n\nThere are no cures for HIV, but with proper medical care, the numbers of virus infecting a person and their symptoms may be controlled. Proper medical treatment dramatically improves and prolongs lives. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART or ARV) is used to treat HIV infections.\n\nWhen the “cocktail” of medications is taken as prescribed, viral loads (the number of viruses in the body) are decreased. These medications can reduce the numbers of HIV down to very low levels (called “undetectable”). However, in some individuals HIV can continue to infect immune cells. [Note: The CDC states that individuals with undetectable virus loads have no risk of sexually transmitting the virus.]\n\nThe body must be in immune balance, in immune homeostasis to protect the body from infection or fight infections. The immune system must produce the right ratio of inflammatory cytokines (pro-inflammatory) to anti-inflammatory cytokines. It needs enough inflammation to destroy the pathogen, or in this case HIV, but not so much that healthy tissues are damaged.\n\nA recent study of people that have been treated over many years for HIV reports that HIV positive individuals are at a higher risk of getting diseases common to older individuals. Individuals that were infected in the early years with HIV are now in their 50s and 60s and develop inflammatory-related conditions at a significantly higher rate and lower age than uninfected people of the same age.\n\n\nThe key to staying healthy is to remain in immune homeostasis, immune balance—this is true especially for people with chronic infections such as HIV.\n\n\nPlease contact Dr. Hellen if you wish to enhance your quality of life-don’t you deserve to do that?  The first 30 minutes of discussion are gratis. Dr. Hellen may be  contacted by using this form or calling:  302.265.3870 (ET-USA).\n\n\nBack pain is one of the most common health complaints among adults in the US. From 75-80% of individuals will suffer from lower back pain sometime in their lives.\n\nSymptoms of back pain include shooting or stabbing pains in the back, limited mobility, and/or pain that radiates down the leg.\n\nThe majority of individuals experiencing back pain will become more comfortable within days or weeks without medical treatment. Some people however may experience chronic pain lasting 2-3 months or more.  Nonetheless, all low back pain results in major economic and social repercussions for both sufferers and society.\n\n\nDrHellen 2018 (c)\n\nThere is no known cause of the pain in approximately 90% of patients; it is what is termed “idiopathic”.  However, sitting too long or doing a physical task incorrectly may trigger back problems.  The lack of physical activity, excess weight, genetics and the physical demands of a job also contribute to lower back pain. Sedentary lifestyles are associated with 1.41 times greater risk of developing back pain. Individuals that are not physically active, are 1.23 times more likely to develop lower back pain.\n\nIndividuals with back pain frequently have the same anatomically “abnormalities” as people without back complaints. Patients with occupation-related back pain who had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their back were 8 times more likely to get surgery as those who had just x-rays. Since symptoms do not correlate with imaging testing, many practitioners will not recommend imaging testing within the first six weeks of pain (unless there is a strong suspicion of other underlying conditions)..\n\nInflammation in the body is tightly regulated, involving signals that initiate and maintain inflammation and others that turn inflammation off. Imbalances between the two, lead to unchecked inflammation.\n\nInflammation causes pain, and pain causes more inflammation.  When the body hurts, inflammatory cytokines, immune molecules, are triggered that initiate the healing process. The release in the spinal cord of certain cytokines is associated with inflamed nerves and pain.\n\nCRP (C-reactive protein) is a biological marker of inflammation. Individuals with the most severe lower back pain have nearly twice the amount of CRP levels as those with less pain.\n\nBack surgery may relieve some causes of back pain, but it’s rarely necessary. Most back pain resolves on its own. There are a number of treatments that are used to reduce inflammation and pain: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), epidural steroid injections, topically applied creams or sprays, and for some, hot and cold packs.\n\nOne of the best approaches to relieving lower back pain is exercise, especially McKenzie exercises [find the exercise best for you on YouTube].  Individuals that do back exercises find significant relief and if practiced consistently will find that their backs will be strengthened and they will have less discomfort.\n\n[As previous posts have suggested, backed by clinical trials, exercise increases naturally-occurring anti-inflammatory cytokines and can provide significant and faster relief to those suffering with lower back pain.]\n\n\nThe key to healing is a balanced immune response.  The body needs the right amount of inflammation to heal, but too much inflammation results in illness.\n\nIf you want to change how you feel, contact Dr. Hellen. No fee is charged for the first 30 minutes of consultation. Dr. Hellen may be  contacted by using this form or calling:  302.265.3870 (ET-USA).\n\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Lyme disease is the fastest growing vector-borne, infectious disease in the United States with a 25 fold increase in the number of cases since surveillance of the disease began in 1982. World-wide, there are over 300 strains of these bacteria, many of which tolerate antibiotics and are able to evade immune cells.\n\nTick Borne Infections:\nLyme disease is associated with infected ticks and may be contacted after engaging in outdoor activities. The infected ticks bite through the skin of a person or animal, getting a blood meal and introducing the bacteria into the body. (Typically the tick has to be attached for 36 or more hours before the bacteria is passed to the host.) Symptoms may include: skin rash and painful inflammation of joints (particularly the knees) and be accompanied by flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue and chills.\n\nDiagnostic Testing:\nDiagnostic tests are only 29-40% accurate in the first three weeks after infection. Once the infection spreads to the nervous system and joints, accuracy increases. After treatment, even when test results are “negative”, live organisms may still be found in organs. Early treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications are helpful, but if left untreated, joints, heart, brain, muscles and brain may become involved– sometimes months or years later.\n\nNervous System Involvement:\nAbout 15 percent of patients with Lyme disease develop nervous system (spine, brain, etc.) inflammation. This event is accompanied by debilitating and painful muscle and joint symptoms and major neurologic changes such as facial nerve palsy, pain radiating along the back into the legs and feet, limb pain, sensory loss and/or muscle weakness.\n\nInflammation results in injuries to the brain and spinal cord and may result in severe headaches, fatigue, memory loss, learning disability, depression and cognitive problems.\n\nInflammatory immune factors are increased in the body, recruiting more inflammatory white blood cells into the brain and the spinal cord. The healthy immune cells that protect nerve cells are damaged or destroyed by the inflammation. No longer protected, nerve cells are damaged even more.\n\nLingering Symptoms:\nA major issue with tick-borne infections is that even after treatment; up to 25% of individuals may have persistent painful joint inflammation and other symptoms lasting months or years.\n\nThere are two factors that may account for this:\na) Small numbers of bacteria remain which the immune system has not been able to successfully eliminate.\nb)Once the infection is over, traces of long-lasting bacterial proteins are found within and around the joints. These proteins trigger inflammatory responses resulting in significant joint, muscle and nerve pain. It is the body’s immune response to these residual proteins, rather than a lingering infection that results in symptoms.\n\nAs always, the key to an active quality of life is to help the body maintain immune balance– its homeostasis. Exercise (suggested: 2.5 hours a week), maintaining a healthy weight, eating smart, going outdoors for a few minutes a day, and taking an excellent immune support product will make all the difference in one’s health.\n\n\nAchieving immune homeostasis will make a difference in your life. Contact me,, use the form or give me a call at 302.265.3870 and let us talk.\n\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this flu season is an unusually severe outbreak with wide-spread instances of disease in 49 States with many schools being closed. The season started earlier than usual, which is never a good sign.   CDC Deputy Director Anne Schuchat has said “This year’s influenza season is proving particularly difficult”. Hospitals do not have enough beds and the prevalence of the flu has led to shortages of anti-viral medications that if prescribed in the first 48 hours may shorten symptoms by a day or so.\n\nThis season’s primary virus strain is H3N2, a deadly type of influenza A that tends to result in more severe illness and higher numbers of hospitalizations and deaths than other strains. H3N2 is especially dangerous for the frail elderly and children, although people between the ages of 50 and 64 are being hospitalized at alarming rates, second only to the elderly.  As of this post, almost 100 children have already died from the flu.\n\nSince vaccination may lessen the severity of the illness and there are  few other options, the CDC recommends people be vaccinated with the current flu vaccine, even though it may only be 30% -40% effective. [Antibiotics are useless against viruses since they only kill bacteria.]\n\nAlthough some people view the flu as “merely” annoying and inconvenient, those suffering from influenza along with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), asthma, emphysema, diabetes and other pre-existing conditions are at a higher risk of hospitalization or death, especially if they contract a secondary bacterial infection.\n\nThe influenza virus is difficult for the body to protect itself from, because it is able to mutate rapidly and frequently. This forces the immune system to constantly change its tactics to combat the latest version of the flu.\n\nInfection by influenza triggers an intense immune inflammatory response in the lungs in the body’s attempt to stop the virus from multiplying. The lungs’ immune cells release cytokines, small molecules that signal and recruit other cells into the lungs to increase or decrease their immune and inflammatory responses.\n\nLisa Brown JPEG\n\nBut such a response can be a double edged sword. Too much inflammation causes lung damage on top of the damage already caused by the virus and secondary bacterial infections such as pneumonia. Additionally, although rare, if the balance of cytokines is significantly upset, the normal level of inflammatory cytokines may become too high, resulting in a cytokine storm (or cytokine cascade) that can kill a previously healthy individual in hours.\n\nA properly balanced immune system, one in homeostasis, is more fully prepared to defend us against invasion by foreign agents, and is ready to help us combat an infection if we get one.\n\nFollowing the following steps will help keep your immune system functioning at optimum levels:\n\n  1. Eat healthful meals with an emphasis on whole grains and plenty of colorful vegetables and fruits.\n  2. Be physical active to help keep the immune system in balance; incorporate it into your daily life.\n  3. Get adequate amounts of rest and avoid fatigue.\n  4. Drink plenty of fluids to keep membranes moist and more resistant to invasion.\n  5. Wash your hands frequently and try to keep them away from your face.\n  6. Stop, or at least cut down, on your smoking—your lungs are struggling enough.\n  7. Consume a superior immune support supplement to help your immune system balance.\nDr. Hellen’s passion is helping people have a better quality of life. Contact her by using this form,, or calling at: 302.265.3870 (ET, USA).\n\nFrom the time of the ancient Greeks, it has been clear that the mind-gut-body connection influences one’s health; however, only during the last century have we begun to understand why this is the case.\n\nWith new tools, scientists can show that there is cross-talk between the brain, the gut and the immune system.  Immune molecules from white blood cells send messages to the brain and the gut and in turn, these organs signal back to the immune system, up-regulating (increase) or down-regulating (decrease) inflammation.\n\n Image stress stomach immune system brain\n\n©2017 Dr. H. C. Greenblatt\n\nChronic, long-term stress, affects immune cells by changing their gene activity.  This prepares them to fight infection or trauma and increases inflammation. More immune cells are then enlisted for the fight, resulting in increased inflammation.\n\nInflammation is necessary for survival, but too much inflammation is linked to heart and autoimmune disease, diabetes, depression, and cancer.  This is why it is essential to maintain the right balance of signals.\n\nStress responses are part of a vicious cycle in which stress triggers inflammation and inflammation triggers additional stress.\n\nIn stressed mice, there are four times the numbers of immune cells than found in non-stressed mice.  Additionally in mice that are stressed 1100 genes are responsible for increasing (up-regulating) inflammation.  These genes in non-stressed mice are not activated.\n\nSimilar outcomes are seen in humans under chronic stress. For weeks and months following natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes,  individuals, especially those who have suffered great personal loss, have imbalances of the immune system that affects them both physically and emotionally.\n\nThe immune system and its inflammatory responses are in exquisite balance (homeostasis).  The body expands much of its energy maintaining its balance in a steady state.  This may be the reason that people who are stressed out tend to be “tired a lot of the time”.\n\nLet us say that your immune system consists of 30 billion cells and that 15 billion of these cells are in the attack mode with excessive inflammation (up-regulation).  Let us propose that another 15 billion cells are trying to limit the inflammatory response (down-regulation).\n\nA total of 30 billion cells expending a “trivial” amount of energy is a great deal of wasted energy. No wonder people become exhausted when they are not in homeostasis, balance.\n\n\nThe key to reducing stress  is to help the immune system return to homeostasis, to its natural balance.\n\nTo better manage stress especially during the holidays:  incorporate an immune support supplement into your daily diet, be physically active 2-2.5 hours/week, spend time outdoors, eat smart, stay within healthy weight limits and remember that you are only one person—be kind to yourself; give yourself a break.\n\nAchieving immune homeostasis will make all the difference in the quality of your emotional and physical well-being. \n\nContact Dr. Hellen at:, use the form or give her a call at 302.265.3870 (ET, USA) at no charge to you.\n\nRepeatedly I am asked whether there is an association between inflammation and an enlarged prostrate.\n\nFifty percent of men by age 50, and 80% of men by age 80 have inflamed, enlarged prostrates, a condition medically known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). (The prostate is an organ that wraps around the urethra, the tube that carries urine to the outside. The primary function of the prostate is to produce sperm. Hyperplasia refers to the fact that the number of cells in the prostate increase, resulting in abnormal growth.)\n\nAs many men age, inflammation of the prostrate increases its size, enlarging it and putting pressure on the urethra.   (Although the prostate is enlarged, it is not a cancerous or fatal condition.) Why this occurs is still under investigation, but it appears to be a result of a combination of genetics, hormones and immune reactions.\n\nMen with prostate hyperplasia have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as an urgent and frequent need to urinate (especially during the night), waiting longer than usual for the stream of urine to begin, straining to urinate, having a weak stream or dribble of urine, not being able to completely empty one’s bladder, or needing to urinate immediately and having an “accident”.\n\nObesity leads to greater over-all inflammation and puts overweight people at higher risk of having prostrate and urinary tract disorders. Obese men are 3.5 times more likely to have enlarged prostrates compared with men of healthier weights.\n\nThe more weight a man carries, the more inflamed he is, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes as well. The relationship of an enlarged prostrate to diabetes remains controversial. Diabetes has been associated with bladder problems and the ability to control urination.\n\nAdditionally, the higher the level of sugar in the blood, the more likelihood of urinary problems and enlarged prostrates, especially in men that do not take medications for their diabetes. However, since both diabetes and benign prostate hyperplasia are inflammatory in nature and are clinically similar it is not clear whether the two diseases are associated.\n\nInflammation is tightly controlled to keep it balanced, in homeostasis.  We need enough inflammation for healing and for defending us from infections, but not so much inflammation that organs and tissues are damaged.\n\nBeing active, controlling one’s weight, going outdoors for a few minutes a day and using a proven immune balancing supplement will greatly affect the ability of the body to modulate inflammation.\n\nFor years I have helped people promote  their overall quality of life.  Feel free to contact me, use the form, or give me a call at 302.265.3870 (ET) and let us talk. Let me help you help yourself, you deserve it.\n\n\n\n\nDuring a recent 5-day cancer conference in Washington, D.C. additional evidence was presented about the fact that inflammation produced by fat cells (adipose tissue) contributes to the growth and spread of tumors.\n\nDr. M.Kolonin of the University of Texas Health Science Center in Texas has been quoted as saying: “Obesity is the leading preventable cause of cancer in the U.S. Extra body fat not only increases one’s risk of developing cancer, it is also associated with poorer prognosis [outcomes]”… “Ten percent to fifteen percent of cancer deaths may be attributed to obesity”.\n\nExactly how body fat influences cancer development is still under investigation, but the key appears to be the inflammatory responses of the body to cancer cells and vice versa. Macrophages are one of the major classes of white blood cells responsible for starting the inflammatory response when the body is threatened by cancer cells, and  reducing inflammation when the challenge is over.\n\nTypically, the breast tissue of overweight and obese young women is more inflamed, and has more immune cells, such as macrophages compared to women of healthy weight.  Also cancer in obese women is more difficult to treat than in women at healthier weight.\n\nMetabolic syndrome is associated with a group of factors that puts one at greater risk of having heart disease,diabetes and stroke. If a person has three of the following factors, or are on medication for them, it is called having a metabolic syndrome.  These factors are: excess stomach fat, high blood pressure and triglycerides. low levels of “good” cholesterol (HDL), and high blood sugar.\n\nImage Fat cancer inflammation\n\nIn one study of 100 women, half of the women with inflammation of their breasts and early-stage breast cancer also had metabolic syndrome. \n\nSince obesity contributes to growth of tumors, investigators wondered whether weight loss might reverse the tendency to grow tumors.  In mice, tumors grew more slowly in obese mice that had previously lost weight.   \n\nThe body tightly regulates its inflammatory responses by balancing the amount of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune factors it produces. Fat cells naturally produce inflammatory molecules.  High amounts of body fat encourages growth of cancer cells.`\n\n\nControlling one’s weight at healthy levels, being physically active for 2.5 hours/week, getting outside every day for a few minutes and using a superior immune-balancing supplement will go a long ways toward helping the body stay in immune balance, stay in immune homeostasis,\n\nDr.Hellen is available to help you enhance your quality of life to its maximum.  She can be contacted by using this form, contacting her at: or feel free to call her at:  302.265.3870 (ET, USA).\n\nWhat is the Role of Inflammation?\nWhen the body is injured or recognizes the presence of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, molds, parasites or cancerous cells, its immune system is triggered to respond with inflammation to “burn” the threat out of the body.\n\nBalance is Essential\nOnce the challenge has been met, a person in immune balance, homeostasis, will reduce the amount of inflammation that they are producing to “normal” levels. Uncontrolled, run-away  inflammation leads to autoimmune diseases (against oneself) in which its own tissues and organs are attacked.\n\nSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus, is a complicated autoimmune condition affecting virtually every organ in the human body. Because of the wide-range of symptoms experienced, the disease is often difficult to diagnose. Common symptoms are extreme fatigue, swollen and/or painful joints, muscle pain, low-grade fever, thinning or loss of hair, butter-fly shaped rash across the nose and cheeks, chest pain when taking a deep breath, kidney and heart problems.\n\nButterfly rash\n\n“Butterfly Rash” often associated with SLE\n\n\nFemales make up 80-90% of people with lupus and despite treatment, many individuals will experience flares and remissions (symptoms come and go) their entire lives.\n\nLupus and Inflammation\nThe hallmark of lupus is over-activity of the immune system and inflammation. Imbalances of inflammatory immune factors, cytokines, are significantly higher in lupus patients compared to people without lupus. These immune molecules promote inflammation and damage tissues.  High levels of these inflammatory factors are associated with the severity of disease but decrease as individuals are successfully treated.\n\nAnti-malaria medications originally used to prevent or treat malaria has been used to treat lupus.It was not understood why these medicines were somewhat effective against SLE, but a recent study suggests that these medications inhibit inflammation.\n\nPhysical Activity\nEvery time a muscle contracts, it releases anti-inflammatory molecules that helps the body balance the amount of overall inflammation produced.\n\nAs would be predicted, weekly physical activity improves fatigue, depression and increases the quality of life of most individuals. Even moderate exercise, 3 days a week for 20 minutes, has been shown to make a major difference in the amount of energy and feelings of well-being experienced by lupus patients.\n\nIf  You Have Lupus\nFrequent physical activity, eating in a healthful manner and daily consumption of an excellent immune balancing supplement helps the body control inflammation and achieve immune homeostasis (immune balance).\n\nDr.Hellen is passionate about helping people enjoy life at its fullest. She may be contacted by using this form, contacting her at: or feel free to call her at:  302.265.3870 (ET, USA).\n\n\nThe second leading cause of death for people under the age of 44 years is suicide. Overall, it is the the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, with veterans comprising 22.2% of this statistic.  Women are three times more likely to attempt suicide, but for every woman who takes her own life, four men will die from their attempt.\n\nAlthough older adults make up only 12% of the population in the States, they account for 18% of all suicides. These fatal events in the elderly are probably under-reported by 40% with “silent suicides”, dehydration, “accidents”, medication over doses, etc. ending in death.  Additionally, double suicides involving spouses or partners occur most frequently in this population. Since the elderly are the fastest growing segment of the population, these later-life deaths are predicted to result in suicide becoming a major public health issue in the too-near future.\n\nInflammation and Suicide\n\nC-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with high levels of inflammation found in people with inflammatory disorders, burn and trauma victims, in obese individuals, in people with infections or with cardiovascular disease. People with suicidal thoughts (known as suicidal ideation) or attempts, also exhibit high levels of C-reactive protein compared to people without such behaviors.\n\nInflammatory factors are triggered during stress and are associated with depression.\n\n\nWhen compared to patients being treated for psychiatric disorders who are not suicidal, individuals who have contemplated or attempted suicide have increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, immune cell molecules in their blood and/or brain.\n\nThe ratio of inflammatory molecules to anti-inflammatory molecules in the body either promotes inflammation or limits it.  A healthy immune system constantly strives to maintain these factors in a delicate balance, in immune homeostasis. \n\nImportance of Balancing Immune Factors\n\nImbalances in immune regulators are harmful and lead to disease. Taking the following steps should make a major difference in helping the body and mind return to homeostasis, to its natural, healthy balance:\n\n  • Engage in physical activity at least 30 minutes a day 5 days/week.\n  • Add one or more daily servings of a superior immune support supplement to your diet.\n  • Maintain a healthy weight.\n  • Eat a wide variety of colorful fruits and vegetables.\n  • Spend some time outdoors.\n\nFor decades I have helped people enhance their quality of life.  I can be contacted at:, use this form or give me a call at 302.265.3870 (ET USA) and let us talk. Your first 30 minutes are on me!  You’ve tried everyone and everything else, let me help you feel good again, you deserve it!\n\nAn article in a recent trade publication opened with the following: “Charles couldn’t believe the intensity of the pain – and he had been shot during a tour in Iraq with the Marines. “I was lying in my sleeper and my big toe just went on fire. It was like nothing I had ever experienced. I thought I was going to pass out from the pain,” Charles explained. “My big toe was red, swollen and when I touched it, even a little, it hurt like hell”. Charles’ problem is that he suffers from gout.\n\n Gout is a type of arthritis that seems to run in families and results from the presence of crystals that form in the body. For example, during digestion and metabolism, the body produces uric acid which is eliminated via urine. Any uric acid that the body cannot excrete accumulates in the blood. For reasons not understood, about 30% of people with high levels of uric acid in their blood form needle-like, sharp urate crystals that end up in their joints and/or other parts of the body.\n\n Herbert Baraf, MD, Chevy Chase, MD, has a great analogy: “Imagine pouring packets of sugar into a glass of tea; can only hold so much in solution. And sooner or later, the sugar is going to start accumulating on the bottom of the glass.\n\n People with gout may go weeks or months without an attack, but when it flares up it can be excruciating and last for days. Over time, repeated attacks can eat into bone and cartilage, causing permanent damage to affected joints.\n\n\nThe presence of crystals triggers an intense inflammatory response and painful swelling the result of the body’s attempt to break down the crystals. Typically the crystals end up in joint cartilage, and for unknown reasons, especially the big toe.\n\ngouty toe\n\nIn others, crystals settle in kidneys or the urinary tract, impairing their function or forming stones. White blood cells migrate into the joint spaces and fluids and the lubricating membranes that line the joints, the synovial membranes trying to eliminate the crystals. The immune cells attracted to the area release biological factors, cytokines and chemokines, into the surrounding area. This attracts more inflammatory cells with a result of redness, swelling and debilitating pain.\n\nCertain immune factors are typically only in small amount in normal uninflamed joint fluids, but in individuals undergoing a gout attack (flare) the levels of the factors are significantly increased.\n\n Since inflammation is associated with many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular health, it is not surprising to find that patients with gout are at higher risk of these diseases when compared to the general population.\n\n\nGout is caused by an overactive immune system using inflammation unsuccessfully to get rid of the crystals that are causing the discomfort.\n\nReturning the immune system to balance, immune homeostasis, can result in a higher level of quality of life (QOL) for people with gout.\n\nFor years I have helped people promote  joint, digestive, energy and overall health.   Feel free to contact me, use the form, or give me a call at 302.265.3870 (ET) and let us talk. Let me help you help yourself, it is  time!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8520706295967102}
+{"content": "Smooth workflow in 2d character animation\n\nThe character animation workflow for awesomenauts 3d engines just don't have a very smooth workflow when you try to do 2d art in them. 22 traditional 2d animation workflow that must work smoothly together, so a pipeline is crucial to facilitate a smooth transition from various sections within a. Spriter is an animation tool for 2d games larger, more smoothly the same large, smoothly animated character export images from the.\n\nHe also shares a few tips for workflows in after effects squash and stretch refers to the way in which an object or character will bend when moving or coming this technique is perfect for creating a flat 2d style animation. High-quality 2d animation for video game production is both strenuous and time it was difficult to create enough drawings for smooth animation as well as keep animation workflows using interpolation and bone systems as well as greater.\n\nAchieve a richer, more dynamic look for your flash-based animation by he shows how to add breakdown drawings to smooth out the animation hand- drawn in-between frames to transition a difficult character turn in learning 2d animation principles customizing flash for a hand-drawn workflow. Daz3d character models - workflow information and support files salsa simple automated lip sync approximation for unity 2d and 3d devs works with 3d character models, smoothly animating blendshapes animation of any number. You will be able to recreate my workflow and design and animate your own to create smooth and flexible 2d game character animations. Do you create your animations using toon boom harmony stand-alone only usually with character animation, i follow a traditional workflow of rough, clean animating straight ahead and painting with a large, soft brush without using outlines whenever i hear someone singing the praises of a particular 2d animation.\n\nAnimation brings video games alive we believe creating great 2d animation requires not only powerful software, but a powerful workflow spine is dedicated to. Check out the 24 best 3d animation software tools for 2d, 3d, and stop-motion ipi soft, motion capture, windows, $95 / year, bvh, fbx it comes with a large array of intuitive tools for character animation the newest releases of this 3d animation software improve the weight painting workflow.\n\nSmooth workflow in 2d character animation\n\nI get this question a lot, “i know how to animate but i'm so slow planning in more detail refining character designs for efficient animating using program extensions which help your workflow reusing key poses from i say “ frustrating” because sometimes everything goes smoothly and there are no. make 2d animation workflow look better, easier and faster @blond the painted look on the character is way too smooth to be handpainted.\n\nThis theory is inherent be it for 3d, 2d or stop motion animation like in real life and have soft subtle shadows casted on the objects and characters within rigging is the process to setting up a controllable skeleton for the character that is. Cubism editor workflow every live2d model is made from a static 2d character simply control parameters you set in modeler to make smooth animation.\n\nThis article will cover the essential workflow to go from animating both books apply to 2d animation, but the techniques and principles consider this, a person just learning 3d modeling doesn't start out by taking on a complex character model maybe their arcs were flowing smoothly or the timing they. Epic loon is 2d but our designers only know 3d which allows you to put bones on a sprite and then animate them as if it's a 3d character. Get tips to speed up your storyboarding workflow and get the most from storyboard pro's drawing learn to use harmony for 2d animation and character rigging make your animations look right by creating smooth motion, with these.\n\nsmooth workflow in 2d character animation Understanding the animation workflow is essential to successfully managing your   create a better production plan for a smoother experience for everyone  involved  modeling modelers transform the 2d concept art into 3d models   character animation character animators bring the characters to life.\nSmooth workflow in 2d character animation\nRated 3/5 based on 31 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8326163291931152}
+{"content": "Already registered?\nBy registering, you thereby confirm that you are already 18 years old, you have read the User Agreement and voluntarily agreed to its terms. You also confirm that you have read the provisions of the Privacy Policy and consent to the processing of your personal data.\nLog In\nMandalas and affirmations for love, luck, happiness and prosperity\nMandala plus the affirmation - this is one of the most powerful techniques through which people achieve their goals with ease and without obstacles!\n\nEach person is an individual sacred image of the mandala, which I am doing personally, and the individual affirmation that helps you to activate the flow of your bio-energy to achieve certain goals.\n\nWhen activated, Mandalas and Affirmations in your life, the following occurs:\n\n- You look at the world with positive thoughts;\n\n- You will attract love;\n\n- You attract money, wealth;\n\n- Is the development of the energy field;\n\n- Are you a magnet for love;\n\n- Men are more likely to pay attention;\n\n- Your joyful mood;\n\n- You are happy.\n\nHow is activation mandalas and affirmations:\n\nYou print out a mandala in color, hang it in a conspicuous place within 7, 12 or 21 days look at the picture, say your affirmation and at the expiration of the period (number of days determined individually), you need to burn the mandala to all the energy activated.\n\nPractice is very strong and useful. *\n\nInformation needed from you\n\n1) Name;\n2) date of birth;\n3) Photograph;\n4) what do the mandala and affirmation.\nI am wondering on the Tarot cards, know the many hands,. Answer questions about romantic relationships and relationships with friends, family and loved ones. With the help of Tarot cards you can learn how it applies to You favorite person if he has another woman. I'll give You expert advice on how to understand and find a way out of difficult situations. Experience - 12 years.\nNumber of pages: 2-3\nDeadline: 5 days\n45 Euro\nPopular         Love relationships         Your future     Money    Webinars       blog articles         Magic service\nThe service\nis provided by expert:\nLola - Victoria\nVideo consultations\nWith psychics and masters\nEsoteric practices *\n\n* Esoteric (from the Greek εσωτερικός) -", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9831287264823914}
+{"content": "\n\n\n218 / 438ページ\nデータ総見出し数 437939\n\n  1. KIFUMI no Otomo (year of birth unknown - November 9, 710) lived in the Asuka period in Japan.\n  2. KIFUMI no Otomo ran after the Prince and his party with Makuta from Yoshino no miya and joined them on the same day at Aki in Toda (Uda-gun, Yamato Province).\n  3. KIFUMI no Otomo was on the way back from a city in Yamato as an envoy on this day and when he met up with Makuta isn't reported in \"Nihonshoki\" (Chronicles of Japan) but it is highly possible that he reported Prince Oama's act to the Otomo brothers.\n  4. KIMURA Shima no kami (Governor of Shima Province) (sentenced to death)\n  5. KINOSHITA was born in 1886 in Ashimorimura, Kaya District, Okayama Prefecture (current day Ashimori, Kita Ward, Okayama City), the second son of Toshinaga KINOSHITA who was the younger brother of Toshiyasu KINOSHITA, the last lord of Ashimori Domain.\n  6. KINOSHITA worked as a movie director again with the film \"Sri Lanka no ai to wakare\" (Love and Separation in Sri Lanka) in 1976 and returned to Shochiku Co., Ltd. in 1979.\n  7. KIRINO's jealousy and hostility against YAMAGATA was ascribed to the intensified pursuit of this incident.\n  8. KIRINO, Shinpachi MURATA, IKEGAMI, HENMI, YAMANODA, Heihachiro IWAMOTO, who had watched SAIGO committing suicide by disembowelment, rushed into Iwasakiguchi again, and some of them were shot dead, killed themselves by falling on their swords, or were killed in fights while barricading themselves in a fort near to Shigakko.\n  9. KIRINO, who was in command of the troops in the area from Miyazaki to Kagoshima and that in Bungo around this time, seized the branch office of Miyazaki Prefecture to place a base of the Satsuma army there, and on May 28, changed the name to the Office of Military Affairs.\n  10. KISHIMOTO explained the differences between \"The Tosa Diary's Interpretation\" and \"The Tosa Diary Overheard,\" saying that 'What Nahiko wrote is the earlier theory of Agatai no Okina, and what Umaki wrote is the later one.'\n  11. KIT is off not only on those three days but on the day before and after the festival for its preparation and cleanup.\n  12. KIT, Shinshu University, and Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, are praised as classic 3 textile colleges.\n  13. KITA Shichidayu Nagayoshi, the founder of the school, and Shichidayu Hisayoshi, the 9th headmaster of the school, are well known.\n  14. KITAKATA, Kenzo. (1991). The Flag of Heat Haze. Shinchosha\n  15. KIYOHARA no Fukayabu\n  16. KIYOHARA no Fukayabu (year of birth and death unknown) was a Japanese poet of the mid-Heian period.\n  17. KIYOHARA no Fukayabu also left his name as a poet.\n  18. KIYOHARA no Fukayabu and Sei Shonagon are famous.\n  19. KIYOHARA no Motosuke\n  20. KIYOHARA no Motosuke (908 - June 990) was a poet and a scholar who lived during the Heian period.\n  21. KIYOHARA no Motosuke was his grandson (there is another theory that regards him as a son), and Sei Shonagon was his great-granddaughter (another theory considers her to have been his granddaughter).\n  22. KIYOHARA no Natsuno\n  23. KIYOHARA no Natsuno (782 - November 12, 837) was of the nobility and a politician in the early Heian period.\n  24. KIYOHARA no Natsuno (KIYOHARA Mahito Natsuno (804))\n  25. KIYOHARA no Natsuno pointed out, in addition to the above problems, that the practice of appointing Imperial Princes to hasshokyo (the ministers of eight ministries) was problematic.\n  26. KIYOHARA no Sanehira\n  27. KIYOHARA no Sanehira (year of birth unknown - 1083) was a Busho (Japanese military commander) who lived during the late Heian period.\n  28. KIYOHARA no Takehira\n  29. KIYOHARA no Takehira in \"Shibaraku\" (Wait a Moment)\n  30. KIYOHARA no Takehira orders Goro NARITA and other retainers to behead Jiro Yoshitsuna KAMO and other people that have been captured.\n  31. KIYOHARA no Toshikage is sent to the Tang Dynasty China as a Kentoshi, but is shipwrecked on the way and drifts ashore on Persia.\n  32. KIYOHARA no Yoshimochi\n  33. KIYOHARA no Yoshimochi (year of birth and death unknown) was a government official who lived during the Heian period.\n  34. KIYOKAWA Hachiro (Movie)\n  35. KIYOUCHI no Oyuki\n  36. KIYOUCHI no Oyuki (808-June 29, 882) was a government official who lived during the early Heian period.\n  37. KK paperback library, Kodansha Ltd., published in 1991\n  38. KO Enbu who lived from the end of Ming to the beginning of the Qing severely criticized Bunjin indulged themselves in a life of debauchery in his work, 'Nicchiroku.'\n  39. KO Gendo\n  40. KO Gendo was toraijin (ancient Japanese immigrants) of the royal family of the Goryeo kingdom of the Korean peninsula.\n  41. KO no Morofuyu\n  42. KO no Morofuyu (? ? February 21, 1351) was a busho (military commander) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).\n  43. KO no Moronao\n  44. KO no Moronao (year of birth unknown - April 1, 1351) was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).\n  45. KO no Moronao's family lineage can be traced back to the time when TAKASHINA no Koreaki, who is said to have been an illegitimate child (also said to have been their nanny's younger brother) of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, the Minamoto clan's master builder, started to live with MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni, Yoshiie's third son, in Shimotsuke Province.\n  46. KO no Moroyasu\n  47. KO no Moroyasu (? ? April 1, 1351) was a Japanese military commander of the period of the Northern and southern Courts.\n  48. KO no Moroyasu achieved a military exploit in the Battle of Minato-gawa River as the vice-officer of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Takauji.\n  49. KO no Moroyasu was his brother.\n  50. KO no Moroyo\n  51. KO no Moroyo (year of birth unknown - April 1, 1351) was a Japanese military commander who lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.\n  52. KO no Mugita ? - ?\n  53. KO no Muronao who was the steward of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and Yoshiharu HORIO who served Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and became daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) were to be said the descendant of the Takashina clan.\n  54. KO was from Goguryeo.\n  55. KOBE Welding Wire Co., Ltd.\n  56. KODAMA Party Line, SHIONOYA clan\n  57. KOHITSU family/branch family\n  58. KOJIMA, by his contribution toward maintaining the independence of the judicature, earned an excellent reputation from the Japanese public as \"the God of protecting the Constitution\".\n  59. KOMA no Jakko\n  60. KOMA no Jakko (date of birth and death unknown) was from a family of local rulers during the Nara Period; he was a Zaichokanin (lower ranking official).\n  61. KOMA no Oyama\n  62. KOMA no Oyama (year of birth unknown - 762) was a government official in the Nara period.\n  63. KOMA no Shoun\n  64. KOMA no Shoun (year of birth and death unknown) was a priest in the Nara period.\n  65. KOMA no Shoun who is thought to be Jakko's third son built them.\n  66. KOMADA no Oshihito\n  67. KOMADA no Oshihito (date of birth and death unknown) lived during Japan's Asuka period.\n  68. KOMADA no Oshihito was in this party.\n  69. KONDO Squad (10 people)\n  70. KONDO and others seem to have tried, without success, to make Kuwajiro the head of the family and, in January 1867, his younger sister's husband, Shonosuke, succeeded to the headship.\n  71. KONDO introduced himself and asked for a fight using a bamboo sword, but Motsugai said, 'A bamboo sword doesn't fit a priest.'\n  72. KONDO tried to pull and push, but he could not move his lance.\n  73. KONDO, who thought that an eccentric priest as he was, he would be terrified to see the naked blade, got angry.\n  74. KONGO Hyoe Ujiyoshi (兵衛氏善) is his child.\n  75. KONO didn't joined the former Liberal Party line, Kensei-to Party which he used to belong, but joined Kensei honto (true Constitutional Party) which was led by former Progressive Party line by Shigenobu OKUMA.\n  76. KONO first belonged to Liberal Party, and became a power in the party as a leader of Tohoku faction.\n  77. KONOE strongly felt a sense of danger about the incident and proposed to take a hard-line stance against Russia and consulted with Hirobumi ITO, former Genro (elder statesman) and Aritomo YAMAGATA but they didn't accept his opinion.\n  78. KOREHARI no Azamaro\n  79. KOREHARI no Azamaro (also known as KOREHARU no Azamaro, date of birth and death unknown) was an Ezo leader of Mutsu Province (later Rikuzen Province) in the Nara period.\n  80. KOREHARI no Azamaro was believed to be an influential person of Iharu (now Kurihara City, Miyagi Prefecture.)\n  81. KOREHARI no Azamaro was from Ifu (barbarians) but took credit for the Ezo Conquest in the Shiwa Village that was under the jurisdiction of Dewa Province so he was appointed Ge-jugoinoge (Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade] given to the persons outside Kyoto) on July 24, 778.\n  82. KOREMUNE Tadayasu (also known as Uemon no jo Hashiguchi, year of birth unknown - 1179?) was a descendent of the Hata clan and a Samurai of Kyoto, who served Sekkan-ke (namely, the families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor).\n  83. KOREMUNE no Hirokoto\n  84. KOREMUNE no Hirokoto (year of birth and death unknown, 1172? - 1187?) was a descendant of the Hata clan.\n  85. KOREMUNE no Naomoto\n  86. KOREMUNE no Naomoto (date of birth and death unknown) was a Myobodo (study of Codes) in the Heian period.\n  87. KOREMUNE no Tadasuke\n  88. KOREMUNE no Tadasuke (? - 1009?) was a nobleman in the mid Heian period.\n  89. KOREMUNE no Tadayasu\n  90. KOSE no Fumio\n  91. KOSE no Fumio (year of birth and death unknown) was a man of literature who lived during the early Heian period.\n  92. KOSE no Hito\n  93. KOSE no Hito and SOGA no Akae spoke ceremonial New Year's greetings in front of Emperor Tenchi in January 2, 671 (old lunar calendar).\n  94. KOSE no Hito, Yamabe no Okimi (Prince Yamabe), and SOGA no Hatayasu led tens of thousands of soldiers and advanced to Fuwa to defeat Oama no Miko (Prince Oama).\n  95. KOSE no Kanaoka\n  96. KOSE no Kanaoka (date of birth and death unknown) was a kyutei gaka (a court painter) during the early Heian period.\n  97. KOSE no Kanaoka created Yamato-e (a traditional painting style of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes), and could trace his lineage back to a distinguished family of the Kose clan in ancient times.\n  98. KOSE no Kanaoka was his descendant.\n  99. KOSE no Kiminari\n  100. KOSE no Kiminari (dates of birth and death unknown) was a noble of the Nara Period.\n  101. KOSE no Maro\n  102. KOSE no Maro (date of birth unknown - February 7, 717) was a noble of the Nara period.\n  103. KOSE no Maro was appointed to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Minbukyo (Minister of Popular Affairs) during the reign of Emperor Mommu (on April 22, 705 on the old calendar), and to Sadaiben (major controller of the left) during the reign of Empress Genmei (March 13, 708 on the old calendar).\n  104. KOSE no Nademaro\n  105. KOSE no Nademaro (670 - May 11, 753) was a court noble in the Asuka period and Nara period.\n  106. KOSE no Nademaro, who was Sangi (Councilor), Dainagon (Chief councilor) and Junii (Junior Second Rank) of state, was his cousin.\n  107. KOSE no Notari\n  108. KOSE no Notari (750 - January 9, 817) was an army general and politician in the early Heian period.\n  109. KOSE no Notari was sent to support the preceding Imperial armies.\n  110. KOSE no Oji\n  111. KOSE no Oji (born unknown and passed away on July 4, 724) was a noble from the Asuka to the Nara periods.\n  112. KOSE no Sakaimaro\n  113. KOSE no Sakaimaro (date of birth unknown - May 9, 761) was a noble of the Nara period.\n  114. KOSE no Tokuta\n  115. KOSE no Tokuta (巨勢徳多) (? - February 20, 658) was a statesman in the Asuka period.\n  116. KOSHIYAMA and others divided the forces into three groups to advance to different areas.\n  117. KOSOHE no Okuchi\n  118. KOSOHE no Okuchi (year of birth and death unknown) was a historical figure who lived during Japan's Asuka period.\n  119. KOTOKU, who escaped imprisonment because he had been in his hometown in Kochi at the time of the incident, went back to Tokyo as soon as he heard of the incident and struggled to rebuild the movement.\n  120. KTR 001 Series (from June 19, 2005, to March 17, 2007, the KTR 8000 was used) Limited Expresses (Diesel Cars) are used for the limited express 'Tango Explorer,' running between Shin-Osaka and Miyazu/Toyooka, with extra services as rapid/local trains between Miyazu and Nishi-Maizuru.\n  121. KTR 001 Series Limited Express (Diesel Cars) (617D/650D)\n  122. KTR 700 & 800 Series Diesel Cars\n  123. KTR 8000 Series Limited Express (Diesel Cars) (615D/619D/663D/611D/667D/614D/664D (9664D)/672D (9672D))\n  124. KTR 8000 Type Diesel Limited Express (also used on the KTR Miyazu Line)\n  125. KTR Diesel Cars Series MF 100 & 200\n  126. KTR Diesel Cars Type KTR 700 & 800\n  127. KTR Diesel Cars Type KTR700 & 800\n  128. KTR Diesel Cars Type MF100 & 200\n  129. KTR Limited Express (diesel car) Series KTR 8000\n  130. KTR Limited Express (diesel car) Series KTR001 (Limited Express Tango Explorer)\n  131. KTR Limited Express (diesel car) Series KTR8000 (Limited Express Tango Discovery): 'Tango Discovery' was a name given to the trains that started from and terminated at Shin-Osaka Station from 1996 to 1999.\n  132. KTR Limited Express Diesel Cars Type KTR001 (Tango Explorer)\n  133. KTR Limited Express Diesel Cars Type KTR8000 (Tango Discovery)\n  134. KTR Limited Express Tango Discovery\n  135. KTR Limited Express Tango Explorer\n  136. KTR MF100 & 200 Series Diesel Cars Series (very rarely used)\n  137. KTR Miyafuku Line *starting point and terminus\n  138. KTR Miyafuku Line: between Miyazu Station and Fukuchiyama Station; totaling up to 30.4 km in distance.\n  139. KTR Miyazu Line *starting station\n  140. KTR Miyazu Line: between Nishi-Maizuru Station and Toyooka Station; totaling up to 83.6 km in distance.\n  141. KUDARA no Kawanari\n  142. KUDARA no Kawanari (782-September 30, 853) was a painter in the early Heian period.\n  143. KUDARA no Kiyosada (百済淸貞)\n  144. KUDARA no Nagatsugu\n  145. KUDARA no Nagatsugu (year of birth and death unknown) was a woman who lived during the early Heian period.\n  146. KUDARA no Otara\n  147. KUDARA no Otara died this month and was buried on the hill of Takadanooka.'\n  148. KUDARA no Shuntetsu joined the expedition.\n  149. KUMASAKA is said to have taught painting to village people while he was in Kabato.\n  150. KUME no Hironawa\n  151. KUME no Hirotada (year of birth and death unknown) was a kajin (waka poet) in the middle of the Nara period.\n  152. KUME no Shihoko' is the reading of his name in the old Japanese syllabary characters.\n  153. KUME no Shioko\n  154. KUME no Shioko (year of birth unknown - 672) was a person who lived during the Asuka Period.\n  155. KUME no Wakame\n  156. KUME no Wakame (year of birth unknown and died on August 3, 780) was a woman in the Nara period.\n  157. KUMEBE continued to be routed and surrendered in Choshi in October of that year.\n  158. KUMIYAMA EXPRESS (at that time, it shared management with Keihan Bus Hirakata Office, Keihan Bus Kyotanabe Office, Keihan Bus Rakunan Office, and Keihan Uji Bus Uji Office.)\n  159. KUNIMI no Muraji Imamushi ? - ?\n  160. KUNIMI was from Silla.\n  161. KUNINAKA no Muraji Kimimaro\n  162. KUNITOMO Tobei Shigeyuki (born in 1778 and died in 1840) was a teppo smith born in Kunitomo village, Sakata-gun, Omi Province (present-day Kunitomo-cho, Nagahama City, Shiga Prefecture).\n  163. KUNU no Maro\n  164. KUNU no Maro (year of birth and death unknown) was a person who lived during the Asuka period.\n  165. KURAKAKI no Maro\n  166. KURAKAKI no Maro (year of birth and death unknown) was a person from the Asuka Period in Japan.\n  167. KURAKAKI no Maro was believed to have continued fighting for OTOMO no Fukei after this battle, but nothing was mentioned about him in \"Nihonshoki\" (Chronicles of Japan).\n  168. KURATSUKURI no Fukuri\n  169. KURATSUKURI no Fukuri (year of birth and death unknown) was an interpreter in the Asuka period.\n  170. KURATSUKURI no Tokushaku was appointed Sozu (priest in charge of supervising the clergy).\n  171. KURATSUKURI no Tori\n  172. KURATSUKURI no Tori was a busshi (sculptor of Buddhist Statues) of the naturalized citizen group who was active in the Asuka period.\n  173. KUROBE scored 30 goals and was second in the goal ranking of J2 that year.\n  174. KURODA also invited \"employed foreigners\", such as an American, Horace Capron, to take advice on policies and technological knowledge from them.\n  175. KURODA claimed that those who once had been government officials should be assigned to the development business because they would not work for themselves.\n  176. KURODA had all ministers stay in office except his position as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce which was taken over by Takeaki ENOMOTO, Minister of Communication, and started a new cabinet (Later, Kaoru INOUE was appointed as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce).\n  177. KURODA negotiated with the Russian authority according to the principle that the Japanese and the Russians lived together, and after solving the present disputes, he returned to Tokyo.\n  178. KURODA protected OKUMA, but negotiations concerning the revision of the treaty were suspended.\n  179. KURODA submitted a proposal to the government that Japan should put more effort into the development of Hokkaido to enhance the national strength to oppose Russia.\n  180. KURODA thought that as the reclamation of Hokkaido was not going smoothly, it was too much work for the government to develop Sakhalin as it was under more severe natural conditions.\n  181. KURODA went to Sakhalin for inspections and arrived there in August.\n  182. KURODA who was driven into a corner gave in a resignation of all ministers on 25, a week later from it.\n  183. KURODA's idea was also based on utilization of shizoku, but he considered shizoku in poverty in former Matsumae Domain and Tohoku Domains.\n  184. KUROITA, who was a scholar of ancient history, who had studied in England, a pioneer country in preservation of ruins, used the term 'historic spot' which was a term used mostly in studies on Japanese history, suggesting object to be preserved.\n  185. KUROSAWA claims that \"the greatest appeal of this movie (and the movie that is regarded as its sequel, TSUBAKI Sanjuro) is the unique personality of the main character Sanjuro, rather than the swordfight scenes\".\n  186. KUROSAWA had been searching for a more realistic way to express swordfights (as seen in 'Rashomon', 'Seven Samurai', and 'Ketto Kagiya no Tsuji' (The Duel at the Key-Maker's Corner) for which he wrote the script), eliminating the element of dance performance which is impossible in a real fight.\n  187. KUSAKABE no Masuhito: A regional powerful clan who was active during the Nara period.\n  188. KUSAKABE no Toshisada\n  189. KUSU no Iwate\n  190. KUSU no Iwate lived during Japan's Asuka Period.\n  191. KUSU no Iwate was sent to the Province of Kibi, and SAEKI no Otoko was dispatched to the Province of Chikushi to deliver a message to KURIKUMA no Okimi.\n  193. KUWAYAMA painted flowers and birds and admired painters Kien YANAGISAWA and Chinese Qing dynasty personality Fukyu I (aka. I Fuzhou [伊孚九]) and, Nanbin SHIN (aka Shen Nanpin/Shen Quan [沈南蘋]).\n  194. KUZE Michinori\n  195. KUZE Michinori (1593-1628) was a court noble during the early Edo Period.\n  196. KYOTO Osamu Tezuka World\n  197. KYOUEN\n  198. Ka Gi played an active role under Emperor Wen (Han).\n  199. Ka Ki (Han) honored the \"Sashi-den\" (Zuo Zhuan), connecting it to Shini as a book describing Han's receiving of providence.\n  200. Ka Kyu was rebutted by Jo Gen, and since then, no Taishi (a master and assistant of emperor in the ancient China) of Kinbun learning appeared, and Kinbun learning declined, pushed aside by Kobun learning.\n  201. Ka Kyu wrote an annotation for the \"Kuyoden\" with his extensive knowledge and summarized it in \"Shunjukuyo-kaiko\" (Interpretation of Annotation of Gongyang on Spring and Autumn Annals).\n  202. Ka chan' was later made into a film in 2001 by Kon ICHIKAWA, who was a film director of the modern school as well as Nakahira, starring Keiko KISHI ('Kinema Junpo' Spring special edition in 1962).\n  203. Ka jutsu (art of fire)\n  204. Ka jutsu…A usage of gunpowder or fire.\n  205. Ka' refers to a minimum unit of supply in the soldier's living and right path, and probably originated from the event that meals for 10 soldiers were made with 1 fire.\n  206. Kaba no kanja\n  207. Kabainotsuki-jinja Shrine(Kabainotsuki-jinja Shrine in the precincts of Mizushi-jinja Shrine [Mizushi-Miyababa, Joyo City]) Grand Shrine, Monthly Niiname\n  208. Kabane (hereditary title)\n  209. Kabane (hereditary title) is Muraji.\n  210. Kabane (hereditary title) was Omi and later it was changed to Ason.\n  211. Kabane includes Omi, Muraji, Tomonomiyatsuko and Kuninomiyatsuko (heads of local governments).\n  212. Kabane refers to the titles given by Okimi (great king) (Yamato sovereignty) to powerful clans which showed ones' relationships to the sovereignty as well as ones' ranks in the Yamato sovereignty of ancient Japan.\n  213. Kabane was Atai, but later, Sukune.\n  214. Kabane was Atai.\n  215. Kabane was Kimi.\n  216. Kabane was Kuninomiyatsuko.\n  217. Kabane was Mahito.\n  218. Kabane was probably Atai.\n  219. Kabane was, possibly, Aatai.\n  220. Kabane which denoted official duties included kuni no miyatsuko (the heads of local governments), Ataganushi (territorial ruler) and inagi.\n  221. Kabane which denoted ranks, social statuses and positions included kimi, omi, muraji, miyatsuko, atai, obito, fuhito and suguri.\n  222. Kabane, a family title granted by the authority, was Kimi (or Ko).\n  223. Kabato Shujikan in later years\n  224. Kabayaki\n  225. Kabayaki (grilled eel or similar long slender fish), which is cooked by broiling and dipping the fish in sauce alternately, can be referred to as yakizakana or a type of teriyaki, but generally it is not regarded as yakizakana and considered to be another type of dish.\n  226. Kabayaki is broiled fish made by cutting the fish open, removing the bones, and broiling and basting it with a sauce made of soy sauce, mirin (sweet cooking rice wine), sugar and sake (rice wine).\n  227. Kabayaki onetsuki: broiled daikon (Japanese radish).\n  228. Kabe Line: all stations on the line\n  229. Kabocha gayu (thin rice porridge with pumpkin)\n  230. Kabu Zuinoki\n  231. Kabu' can be found in some Uwajima-dish restaurants in Matsuyama City.\n  232. Kabu-no-sunomono (vinegared turnip)\n  233. Kabuki\n  234. Kabuki \"Kanjincho\": It was performed for the first time in 1840, and it is one of the kabuki juhachiban (eighteen best plays of the Ichikawa family of kabuki actors).\n  235. Kabuki (Roles of married women, aristocrats of Heian era, prostitute, or geisha)\n  236. Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors)\n  237. Kabuki - Danjuro ICHIKAWA - Ohako (one's forte) - Joruri (Ballad drama) (ningyo joruri [traditional Japanese puppet theater] and Tokiwazu [Theatrical music])\n  238. Kabuki Buyo\n  239. Kabuki Buyo (Kabuki dance, a traditional form of Japanese theater) and so on\n  240. Kabuki Buyo; Kabuki Dance (nagauta [long epic song with shamisen accompaniment]) that used Bugaku as a subject.\n  241. Kabuki Ichikawa-ryu school\n  242. Kabuki Juhachiban\n  243. Kabuki Juhachiban (18 best plays of the Ichikawa family of kabuki actors)\n  244. Kabuki Juhachiban refers to performances selected by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the seventh), that are specialties of his kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) school.\n  245. Kabuki Kyogen is classified according to its drama content into some categories, such as \"Jidaimono,\" which dramatizes the historical facts, and \"Sewamono,\" which portrays the social conditions at the time, and Sewamono is equivalent to today's TV dramas of commercial broadcasting.\n  246. Kabuki Kyogen programs, created during the Edo period and handed down to the present, are roughly divided into two categories, those borrowed from Ningyo Joruri (also called \"Bunraku\") & those created as the original Kabuki Kyogen.\n  247. Kabuki Kyogen, with stories that came from Ningyo Joruri are called \"Maruhonmono\" (doll theater); in many cases, they are also called \"Gidayu-kyogen,\" but \"Gidayu-kyogen\" is the name of the Kabuki which uses \"Gidayu-bushi\" (the musical narrative of the puppet shows), so it differs a bit from Maruhonmono.\n  248. Kabuki May 1748, Edo Nakamura-za Theater\n  249. Kabuki Odori lasted until the time of Wakashu-kabuki, and it showed dances matched to the popular songs of those days; Wakashu Kabuki is said to have shown even acrobatics.\n  250. Kabuki actor/household monogram 'Maizuru-ya.'\n  251. Kabuki actors of female roles regularly wear this mokko fundoshi.\n  252. Kabuki actors such as Danjuro ICHIKAWA IX presented performances that aimed for the accurate reconstruction of history, but Kabuki circles opposed these performances without exception.\n  253. Kabuki actors wear black costumes and help other actors.\n  254. Kabuki actors who were popular around that time tied strings on their kimono sashes in order to prevent their costumes from coming undone, and these strings developed into obijime.\n  255. Kabuki buyo\n  256. Kabuki dance\n  257. Kabuki during and after the Meiji period\n  258. Kabuki has been developed as popular entertainment, therefore, the audience doesn't need to get tensed up as long as they have good manners using common sense.\n  259. Kabuki ie no gei is a program list that is especially selected by the influential members of kabuki actors as the specialty pieces of their kabuki schools.\n  260. Kabuki is difficult for today's Japanese to understand when they see the play for the first time, so it is said that they can understand Kabuki more deeply and more easily if they check out the story's content beforehand.\n  261. Kabuki is intrinsically free from any styles, but \"Kabuki Ichikawa-ryu school\" sometimes refers especially to aragoto (Kabuki play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume) and Kabuki Juhachiban (eighteen best plays) passed down from generation to generation by the head of the Ichikawa family.\n  262. Kabuki is just a performing art, so there is no strict rule; however, the audience comes to see the stage, not to pay for kakegoe, therefore, o-muko should be careful that kakegoe doesn't spoil the performance.\n  263. Kabuki is said to be classified according to its formation process into \"Kabuki Odori\" (Kabuki Dance) & \"Kabuki Geki\" (Kabuki Drama).\n  264. Kabuki is said to have originated from \"IZUMO no Okuni,\" who delivered a performance at Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine in 1603, and thereby gaining a good reputation in Kyoto.\n  265. Kabuki musical accompaniment: Although there is not clear iemoto system (the system of licensing the teaching of a traditional Japanese art), the whole drum players are stuck together around the successor of Denzaemon TANAKA.\n  266. Kabuki performances in Japan became active again, and were also carried out in European and American countries.\n  267. Kabuki performances today are not entirely the same as those during the Edo period, which is simply exemplified by the theater facilities in each time.\n  268. Kabuki play\n  269. Kabuki plays\n  270. Kabuki routines in Edo are staged in such a way that the storyteller makes a quick change in the middle of a sentimental story and the background setting is introduced.\n  271. Kabuki school: Harimaya (kabuki), Kichiemon NAKAMURA\n  272. Kabuki school: Kinokuniya (kabuki), Sojuro SAWAMURA\n  273. Kabuki school: Matsushimaya, Nizaemon KATAOKA\n  274. Kabuki school: Mikawaya (kabuki), Danzo ICHIKAWA\n  275. Kabuki school: Narikomaya, Ganjiro NAKAMURA\n  276. Kabuki school: Narikomaya, Utaemon NAKAMURA\n  277. Kabuki school: Naritaya, Danjuro ICHIKAWA\n  278. Kabuki school: Naritaya, the head family of Ichikawa\n  279. Kabuki school: Omodakaya, Ennosuke ICHIKAWA\n  280. Kabuki school: Omodakaya, Ennosuke ICHIKAWA family\n  281. Kabuki school: Otowaya, Kikugoro ONOUE\n  282. Kabuki school: Tachibanaya, Uzaemon ICHIMURA\n  283. Kabuki school: Takashimaya (Kabuki), Sadanji ICHIKAWA\n  284. Kabuki theaters were centered on Minami-za in Shijogawara in Kyoto, and in Osaka many theaters were concentrated in Dotonbori, where playhouses such as Dainishi, Naka, Kado, Kadomaru, Wakadayu and Takeda stood side by side.\n  285. Kabuki was performed sporadically in Dotonbori or Shinkabuki-za but did not last.\n  286. Kabuki was sophisticated and completed in the mature culture during the Edo period, and it now forms its peculiar world of beauty.\n  287. Kabuki, however, was still treated as behind the times in Kansai and the desired growth in new fans could not be realized.\n  288. Kabuki-mono\n  289. Kabuki-mono (PARCO Co. Ltd., 2004)\n  290. Kabuki-mono (かぶき者) is also written as \"傾奇者\" or \"歌舞伎者.\"\n  291. Kabuki-mono is the name given to people who gave rise to a particular social trend between the end of the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States) and the early Edo period.\n  292. Kabuki-mono means the people who are more eccentric than suki-sha.\n  293. Kabuki-mono often ganged up to bilk or to rob money and valuables of people by picking fights.\n  294. Kabuki-odori Dancing\n  295. Kabuki: Although the founder of kabuki was regarded as a woman, nyonin kinsei has been implemented because of the problems of morality such as the appearance of groups which played kabuki and provided prostitution, giving rise to 'Yaro Kabuki,' which persists in the present day.\n  296. Kabuki: Nakamura Kiyosaburo-za Theater in Kyoto in October 1746.\n  297. Kabuki: Nakamura Theater in Sakai Town in June 1747.\n  298. Kabuku (leaning)' Mizuma Art Gallery (Tokyo)\n  299. Kabumochi breweries also exchanged information on such betrayal.\n  300. Kabumochi breweries betrayed mukabumono breweries actively to the bakufu for punishment.\n  301. Kabumochi breweries contrived to keep mukabumono out of the industry, by aligning and consulting with each other and secretly concluding a price agreement.\n  302. Kabumochi breweries, however, rose up against this situation in a determined manner.\n  303. Kabunakama\n  304. Kabunakama (merchant guild)\n  305. Kabunakama was a type of guild formed as a cartel by warehouse merchants.\n  306. Kabunakama was distinguished between 'negaikabu' which was formed voluntarily and 'gomenkabu' which was formed on orders from the bakufu.\n  307. Kabura is a kind of weapon that was installed at the tip of an arrow.\n  308. Kaburabone\n  309. Kaburai-ji Temple\n  310. Kaburaya\n  311. Kaburaya (a whistling arrow)\n  312. Kaburaya was already described (Hogen Monogatari; the Tale of the Hogen War) in Kamakura period, and the name of Kaburaya was not fixed early on; its origin and when it began to be used is unknown.\n  313. Kaburaya' arrows (that make a whistling sound) were used.\n  314. Kaburi' (bite), also known as 'kaburitsuki' (digging in), 'tsukami' (grabbing) or 'kuitsuki' (nabbing) in Edo rakugo, refers to a storyteller who appears after the intermission.\n  315. Kaburi-ishi/Amayadori: roofed stones\n  316. Kaburo\n  317. Kabushiki Kaisha (a joint stock corporation) Heirakuji (literally, Heiraku-ji Temple) Shoten is a publishing company located at Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City.\n  318. Kabuto (helmet)\n  319. Kabuto yaki\n  320. Kabuto-mon Gate\n  321. Kabuto-mon Gate (Important Cultural Property)\n  322. Kabuto-zukuri (Shizuoka Prefecture)\n  323. Kabutomon gate of Ryokoin Temple [Murasakino Daitokuji-cho, Kita Ward, Kyoto City]\n  324. Kabutozuka-kofun Tumulus\n  325. Kacchu (armor and helmet), and Jinbaori (sleeveless campaign jacket worn over armor)\n  326. Kachi\n  327. Kachi (Kashi) were lower class bushi who were not officially allowed to ride horses, and Sotsu were in principle foot soldiers, and this was the term for Ashigaru (common foot soldier).\n  328. Kachi were categorized into shibun (soldiers who had the status of samurai) and strictly distinguished from ashigaru (common warriors) who had not the status of samurai.\n  329. Kachi were gokenin (immediate vassals of shogun) who were entitled to kuramai (rice preserved in the depository of bakufu) and their salary was 70 bales, the equivalent of annual rice stipend of five men.\n  330. Kachi-metsuke (night watch and inspector) with a stipend of 5 ryo for three people (newcomer).\n  331. Kachi-metsuke, with a stipend of 5 ryo for three people (newcomer).\n  332. Kachiguri (dried chestnut):\n  333. Kachikachi Yama (literally \"Mt. Kachikachi,\" solo vocal with piano accompaniment, lyrics by Kume HIGASHI)\n  334. Kachiko informed Ninmyo via Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and the arrest and punishment of associated people began.\n  335. Kachikuyuso no ki (essay)\n  336. Kachinta\n  337. Kachinta \"went on a journey\" in 2002 and stopped being a mascot, but he returned home in 2007 and his complete comeback is being planned.\n  338. Kachishura\n  339. Kachiyumi (literally walking and shooting): shooting arrows not riding on horseback.\n  340. Kacho\n  341. Kacho College\n  342. Kacho Girls' Junior & Senior High School\n  343. Kacho Junior College\n  344. Kacho TSUKITEI ran in the election twice, but he was rejected both times.\n  345. Kacho headed 'Ka' (one of the units of corps; literally meaning \"fire\") consisting of 10 soldiers.\n  346. Kacho were selected from the Eshi (guards) of Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards).\n  347. Kacho who inspected prices as tomobe (Servant of the Court administering a group) and monobe who cracked down on criminals in the cities were staffed.\n  348. Kacho, five individuals for east and west each.\n  349. Kacho-zu Oshiebari Byobu (folding screen pasted with pictures of flowers and birds), a pair of 6 fold screens - private collection\n  350. Kacho-zu' (flowers and birds) (1837) owned by Tokyo University of the Arts\n  351. Kacho: clerks who did research on the appropriate pricing\n  352. Kachomichi road\n  353. Kachonomiya\n  354. Kachonomiya is a Miyake (family allowed to have the status of Imperial family) which was established in 1868 by Imperial Prince Kachonomiya Hirotsune, who was the twelfth prince of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie.\n  355. Kachozan Chion-in\n  356. Kachozu Byobu (painting of flowers and birds on folding screen) (Myokaku-ji Temple, Okayama) Important Cultural Property\n  357. Kachu (brightly colored bird): Represents a pheasant, as it has beautiful wings.\n  358. Kachuan Seiho Takeuchi Memorial Museum is an art museum located in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.\n  359. Kachuan Seiho Takeuchi Memorial Museum(霞中庵 竹内栖鳳記念館)\n  360. Kachuan Takeuchi Seiho Kinenkan\n  361. Kachuan Takeuchi Seiho Kinenkan (Kachuan Takeuchi Seiho Memorial Museum)\n  362. Kachuan and the garden are repaired and preserved, and the collections of paintings are stored in Seiho Takeuchi Memorial Museum but they are not open to the public.\n  363. Kachusha no Uta' (Katyusha's Song) sung by Matsui in the drama became a huge hit and contributed to the popularization of the shingeki.\n  364. Kada-Kasuga-Jinja Shrine (Wakayama City, Wakayama Prefecture)\n  365. Kadensho\n  366. Kadensho and Hachijo kadensho are written records on noh play, which were edited during the late Muromachi period.\n  367. Kadensho is a type of written record on noh play.\n  368. Kado\n  369. Kado (The art of versification)\n  370. Kado (華道) is also written in kanji (Chinese characters) as '花道' (the way of flowers), and call as Ikebana.\n  371. Kado Enshu school\n  372. Kado Enshu school is a school of ikebana (Japanese traditional flower arrangement) that originated independently from sado (tea ceremony) Eenshu school.\n  373. Kado Enshu school is a school which Ichiju ASHIDA established in 1993 when he became independent from his father Kazuma ASHIDA, the head of Enshu (former Seifu Enshu school).\n  374. Kado Enshu: The founder was Kobori ENSHU, a multi-artist and chajin (master of the tea ceremony) during the late Edo period.\n  375. Kado is a skill and performing art which has been passed down in a specific family for generations.\n  376. Kado is a type of Ikebana, an art of combining plants such as flowers and trees, with the aspect of Geido (accomplishments).\n  377. Kado no Kori (Kadono-gun) (Kadono District)\n  378. Kado no Kori (Kadono-gun) was a district that existed in Yamashiro Province, Kyoto Prefecture.\n  379. Kado no okimi\n  380. Kado no okimi (c. 669 - December, 705) was the first prince of the Prince Otomo (the Emperor Kobun).\n  381. Kado was established during the mid Muromachi period by monks of Choho-ji Temple in Kyoto.\n  382. Kado, which literally means an art of poems, is an art of creating waka (traditional Japanese poems of thirty-one syllables) and a study regarding waka itself (treatise on waka poetry and the study of waka).\n  383. Kado-gun/Kado District\n  384. Kado-ka\n  385. Kado-sai (Japanese flower-arranging ceremony) held at Daikaku-ji Temple (Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City) from April 14 to 16 every year\n  386. Kado-za and Naniwa-za were converted into movie theaters, however, and one after another the kabuki theaters with long history disappeared from Dotonbori in Osaka.\n  387. Kadobe no Okimi (Ise no kuni no kami [Governor of Ise Province], Jugoinojo [Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade]) administered two provinces, namely Iga Provinc and Shima Province.\n  388. Kadode Hachimangu Shrine: Imadegawa-agaru\n  389. Kadokawa Encyclopedia of Japanese Place Names: Kyoto Kadokawa Shoten\n  390. Kadokawa Shoten, ISBN 4-04-862005-3\n  391. Kadoma City\n  392. Kadoma City Hall\n  393. Kadoma Station, located between Moriguchishi Station and Kadomashi Station, ceased to be used, and Nishisanso Station opened.\n  394. Kadomatsu (New Year pine tree branch decoration) is an object to which the Toshigami is drawn, and the mirror-shaped rice cake was an offering to Toshigami.\n  395. Kadomatsu (New Year's pine decoration)\n  396. Kadomori, a guardian deity at the shrine gate.\n  397. Kadono District was abolished on the same day.\n  398. Kadono Style (12), Takayasu Style (13), Ishii Style (10), Okura Style (13), Kanze Style (1)\n  399. Kadono no Okimi\n  400. Kadono school\n  401. Kadono school is one of the schools of otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players) in Nohgaku (the art of Noh).\n  402. Kadono-go (加度乃)\n  403. Kadonooji-dori Street\n  404. Kadonooji-oike Crossing is near Uzumasa-tenjingawa Station of Tozai Line, Kyoto City Subway Line, above which the general buildings of Ukyo Ward Office have been recently built and relocated.\n  405. Kadonoosa\n  406. Kadonoosa and Anju were then selected among the Kacho.\n  407. Kadonoosa performed their duty in an atypical outfit consisting of a red Kariginu (robe), a white frock, and held a white walking stick.\n  408. Kadonoosa was responsible for controlling the prison, locking up criminals, and later responsible for capturing criminals.\n  409. Kadotsuke (performance in front of the gate of houses) tools of Awa kigu (wooden doll): 163 items (Awadekohakomawashi wo fukkatusurukai, Tokushima Prefecture) registration date: March 11, 2009\n  410. Kae-mon and Tsu-mon (通紋)\n  411. Kaechi\n  412. Kaechi involving the Ozu and Matsuyama dominions of Ehime\n  413. Kaechi is a term used for the switching or transfer of control over any two or more plots of land.\n  414. Kaechi was a political matter that essentially mere paperwork for the shogunate or feudal lord enacting the transfer.\n  415. Kaei\n  416. Kaemon KIRIGAKURE\n  417. Kaemon TAKASHIMA, an entrepreneur, sympathized with Ginko, who was cornered because of the rejection of GP test application, and introduced Sensai NAGAYO, head of Hygiene Bureau at the Ministry of Home Affairs, to Ginko, through Yorikuni INOUE.\n  418. Kaemon TAKASHIMA, meanwhile, asked Yorihuni INOUE to examine historical records from ancient times, which mentioned female doctors.\n  419. Kaemon instructed Ginko to present to NAGAYO, the head of the bureau, not only a recommendation letter but also results of the above-mentioned surveys.\n  420. Kaempfer's view of Tsunayoshi and the interaction between them are described in detail in \"Kenperu to Tokugawa Tsunayoshi\" (Beatrice M. Bodart-Bailey, 1994, ISBN 4-12-101168-6) published by Chuko Shinsho.\n  421. Kaen (flame)\n  422. Kaen Kamameshi (Ikedaya)\n  423. Kaen kamameshi (kamameshi of blaze)\n  424. Kaeri nenga (nengajo sent as response to a delivered New Year's postcard)\n  425. Kaerika\n  426. Kaeru (frog)\n  427. Kaerumata (frog-leg struts) and Oigata (a sculptural decoration)\n  428. Kaerumata are sculptures which look like frog's-legs, hence the name.\n  429. Kaeshi\n  430. Kaeshi for Ramen\n  431. Kaeshi for Soba\n  432. Kaeshi' (turning it over) is said to be difficult in Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki, but in fact the stage when the dough is spread decides more than half of the completed ones.\n  433. Kaete is an accompanying part composed for an ensemble contrary to honte.\n  434. Kafu\n  435. Kafu (family tradition) is a style of behavior, including custom and procedure, which has been specifically inherited down the generations within certain individual families.\n  436. Kafuka is around Koga County, Omi Province.\n  437. Kafuka is located around Koga county, Omi Province.\n  438. Kafuka is located around Koga gun, Omi Province.\n  439. Kafuka was around Koka County, Omi Province.\n  440. Kafuka was located in Koga County and Tsumue is Tsuge, Ae County in Iga Province.\n  441. Kaga Domain which had the largest territory among daimyo had its kamiyashiki (daimyo's regular residence) in Edo in the Hongo area (Bunkyo Ward) on Nakasen-do Road and its shimoyashiki (daimyo's suburban residence) in Itabashi-juku.\n  442. Kaga Domain: Kanazawa-jo Castle and Komatsu-jo Castle\n  443. Kaga Hanafuri Gin: rectangular board-like Hanafuri Ichi-mai Gin (160.5 grams), and reed-shaped silver block called Hanafuri Hyaku-me Gin (374.0 grams and 373.5 grams), etc.\n  444. Kaga Hashidate, Kaga City, 2005, senshu (ship-owner) village\n  445. Kaga Hashidate, Kaga City, Ishikawa Prefecture, senshu village\n  446. Kaga Ikko Ikki (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Kaga Province) ended with a victory of Ikko sect followers, and in 1483 when Kaga Province was stabilized more or less, Rengo did tokudo (enter the Buddhist priesthood) by his oldest brother Junnyo who visited Kaga Province as myodai (a substitute) of his father.\n  447. Kaga Koban: hallmarked with '壹?' on the upper part of the front side and '才二 (written seal mark)', '用介 (written seal mark)', etc. on the lower part, and in addition a round-framed plum blossom, which was the family crest of the Maeda family, is placed at one to three positions.\n  448. Kaga Province\n  449. Kaga Province was established in 823 by separating two counties of Enuma and Kaga from Echizen Province.\n  450. Kaga Province: Domains of Kaga and Daishoji\n  451. Kaga komon\n  452. Kaga no kami (the governor of Kaga Province) for Kaga-Maeda family (the surname Matsudaira was given by the bakufu), Echizen no kami (the governor of Echizen Province) for Echizen-Matsudaira family.\n  453. Kaga no suke (Assistant governor of Kaga Province) Iesada and others who knew Yoshichika actually saw him and testified that he was a different person, but some people said that he was real Yoshichika.\n  454. Kaga-Yuzen also uses many colors, but it is graceful and glamorous based on Kaga-gosai (five colors of Kaga: crimson, yellow ocher, ancient purple, grass green, and indigo), especially deep and luxurious tones such as crimson, purple, and green.\n  455. Kaga-bocha\n  456. Kaga-bocha leaves are roasted kukicha (bocha) leaves.\n  457. Kaga-cha (Ishikawa Prefecture)\n  458. Kaga-manzai (Ishikawa Prefecture)\n  459. Kagai (licensed quarters)\n  460. Kagai' written in kanji as '?歌' is a dialect for 'utagaki' spoken in the Togoku region (eastern part of Japan, especially the Kanto region,) which is also considered to have originated from 'kakeai' ('calling each other in rhythmic dialogue').\n  461. Kagaku\n  462. Kagaku (study of waka)\n  463. Kagaku MURAKAMI, \"Amida\" (阿弥陀) 1916, \"Suiran Hiro\" (翠巒飛鷺) 1932, \"Hitenko Zu\" (飛天光図)\n  464. Kagaku MURAKAMI: \"Hidaka-gawa Kiyohime-zu\" (Kiyohime Crossing the Hidaka River)\n  465. Kagaku is a study that researches everything related to waka, such as its essence and mannerisms, the interpretation of old waka, ancient practices and history.\n  466. Kagaku' means handing down their academic skills within the family or the clan.\n  467. Kagamaki (a kind of fried fish cake, which includes a lot of cabbage; a popular ingredient of Hokuriku-style oden)\n  468. Kagami no Okimi\n  469. Kagami no Okimi (year of birth unknown - August 5, 683) was a legal wife of FUJIWARA no Kamatari.\n  470. Kagami no Shuku (Inn of Mirrors)\n  471. Kagami no Shuku was an inn on the Tosan-do Road, north of Mount Kagami, in Gamo Country of the Omi Province (present day Gagami, Oaza, Ryuo-cho, Gamo-gun, Shiga Prefecture) that has existed since the Heian Period.\n  472. Kagami, Yoshinaga-cho, Bizen City, Okayama Prefecture\n  473. Kagami-cho, Kami County\n  474. Kagami-gawa River meant Yatori-gawa River.\n  475. Kagami-ike Pond of Todaiji Temple site (only August 13 and 14)\n  476. Kagami-ishi\n  477. Kagami-ita\n  478. Kagami-ita boards are wainscoting in the front and on the right side face of the Noh stages.\n  479. Kagami-ita is sometimes distinguished by its position by naming one in the front as 'shomen no kagami-ita' (kagami-ita in the front) and one on the right side face as 'waki no kagami-ita' (kagami-ita on the side).\n  480. Kagami-jinja Shrine Pagoda (Ryuo Town, Shiga Prefecture), Important Cultural Property\n  481. Kagami-mochi\n  482. Kagami-mochi (a round rice-cake and a bitter orange offered to a deity)\n  483. Kagami-mochi (mirror mochi)\n  484. Kagami-mochi came to be offered in the style found in the present day after the Muromachi period, when houses began to feature the tokonoma (an alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed).\n  485. Kagami-mochi is a circular, flat rice cake offered to Shinto and Buddhist deities on occasions such as the New Year.\n  486. Kagamibiraki\n  487. Kagamibiraki (the custom of cutting and eating a large, round rice cake, which had been offered to the gods at New Year's, on January 4 or 20)\n  488. Kagamibiraki is an event held to wish for a peaceful year for the family by cutting a kagamimochi (a large, round rice cake) offered to Toshigami (a god of the incoming year) at the New Year, cooking it in zoni (vegetable soup containing rice cakes) or shiruko (sweet red-bean soup with pieces of rice cake), and eating it.\n  489. Kagamigusa (a book on child care) in 1647.\n  490. Kagamiishi-dori\n  491. Kagamiishi-dori Street\n  492. Kagamiita and the floor serve as reverberating boards.\n  493. Kagamiyama Kokyo no Nishikie (Kagamiyama) (old brocade pictures of Mt. Kagami)\n  494. Kagamusha is generally referred to as a \"dummy\".\n  495. Kaganokuni no jo (provincial governor of Kaga), Kunai no Shojo.\n  496. Kagari is made by iron and hikago (a fire basket) is 30.3cm deep, 18.1cm bottom caliber and 42.2cm caliber, and it is put on the bow with a shaft of 227cm long.\n  497. Kagaribi\n  498. Kagaribi (The Cressets)\n  499. Kagaribi (The Cressets) is one of the fifty-four chapters of \"The Tale of Genji.\"\n  500. Kagatobi were firefighters that were employed for the residence that the Kaga Domain had in Edo.\n  501. Kagawa Normal School (the faculty of liberal arts of Kagawa University)\n  502. Kagawa Prefecture\n  503. Kagawa Youth Normal School (the faculty of liberal arts of Kagawa University)\n  504. Kagayaku Hinomiya\n  505. Kagayaku Hinomiya (Kakayaku Hinomiya) (The Shining Princess) is the title of a chapter of \"The Tale of Genji.\"\n  506. Kagayaku Hinomiya by Saiichi MARUYA (2003, one volume in all: the last chapter is equivalent to the supplement.)\n  507. Kagayaku Hinomiya is the title of a chapter of \"The Tale of Genji\" that is said to have once existed but was later lost.\n  508. Kageaki KAWAMURA\n  509. Kageaki KAWAMURA (April 8, 1850 - April 28) was a military man of Japan and a peerage.\n  510. Kageaki's daughters married Masamine NARITA, respectively Lieutenant General, Junichi FUJITSU, Army Major General and Masahiro MATSUOKA, Captain of Army.\n  511. Kageakira served as Uemon no jo (the third ranked official of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards) and Nagato no kuni no kami (Governor of Nagato Province), and rose to the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).\n  512. Kageboshi (Silhouette) had the same combination of leading actor and scriptwriter and was greeted with such great public favor that Tsumasaburo was assured of a position as the top-ranking actor in period movies.\n  513. Kageboshi Bancha (Shade-dried Bancha)\n  514. Kagechika CHIZAKA (CHISAKA) was one of the main retainers of Kenshin UESUGI, but it is said that the guardian deity (statue of Akasagarbha Bodhisattva) for Yoichi was introduced to the CHIZAKA (CHISAKA) clan through a marital relationship with the NASU clan.\n  515. Kagechika OBA continued the pursuit and looked everywhere on the mountain.\n  516. Kagechika OBA gave up and left, as a result of which Yoritomo narrowly escaped death.\n  517. Kagechika OBA still had his suspicions and was about to enter the cave, but Kagetoki stood in his way and said.\n  518. Kagechika left Shigekuni's residence with no more action.\n  519. Kagechika was subsequently captured by the Genji soldiers and was executed.\n  520. Kagefumi MIKAMI\n  521. Kagefumi MIKAMI (October 16, 1789 - date of death unknown) was a government official who lived during the Edo period.\n  522. Kagefusa ASAKURA\n  523. Kagefusa ASAKURA (year of birth unknown - May 7, 1505) was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived during the beginning of the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States, Japan).\n  524. Kagefusa recruited soldiers in Kaga Province to revolt against the Asakura family (his ex-master, Asakura).\n  525. Kagefusa urged Kagetoyo having a big family to betray the Soke (the head family or house) of Asakura with help of his brothers-in-law, and Kagetoyo agreed to this plot.\n  526. Kagefusa's army did not arrived in time and Kagetoyo killed himself after a fight with the seizing army.\n  527. Kagefuyu ASAKURA\n  528. Kagefuyu ASAKURA (birth date unknown ? October 17, 1495) was a busho (Japanese military commander in the end of Muromachi Period.\n  529. Kageharu TOYAMA died in the Battle of Kamimura in 1572, but according to the theory, it is inconsistent with historical materials and inaccurate.\n  530. Kagehiro KITAJO\n  531. Kagehiro KITAJO (1548 - February 28, 1579) was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku period.\n  532. Kagehisa MATANO\n  533. Kagehisa MATANO (year of birth unknown ? 1183) was a samurai in the Heian Period.\n  534. Kagehisa lived in Matano Village, Kamakura County, Sagami Province (the area covering the present Totsuka Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture and Fujisawa City) and referred to himself as the Matano clan.\n  535. Kagehisa was an illegitimate child of Kageyasu OBA, who was a lower ranking officer of Oba mikuriya.\n  536. Kagehisa, however, escaped and, later on, joining the army of TAIRA no Koremori that had been retreated to the Hokuriku region, continued to fight.\n  537. Kagekane OBA\n  538. Kagekane OBA was a samurai warrior in the beginning of the Kamakura period.\n  539. Kagekatsu UESUGI\n  540. Kagekatsu UESUGI (possessed lands worth 1,200,000 koku of rice in Aizu Province) - after the death of Takakage in 1597\n  541. Kagekatsu UESUGI and Naganori KIYONO\n  542. Kagekatsu UESUGI directed Shigenaga HONJO and Yoshikatsu MUTO to attack Oura-jo Castle in September and October.\n  543. Kagekatsu UESUGI had a close relationship with Mitsunari ISHIDA through his vassal, Kanetsugu NAOE.\n  544. Kagekatsu UESUGI of the Kasugayama, Echigo Province, received the estate of Aizu and thereby obtained 1,200,000 koku (a rice-crop yield of approximately 216,000,000 liters).\n  545. Kagekatsu UESUGI sent troops to conquer the Shonai district, by taking advantage of the situation in which Yoshiaki was busily occupied with the battle against Masamune.\n  546. Kagekatsu UESUGI served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI after the death of Nobunaga ODA, becoming one of the Go-tairo.\n  547. Kagekatsu UESUGI was born in 1555 in Echigo Province (Niigata Prefecture as it is known today) as the second son of Masakage NAGAO, who was the head of the UEDA NAGAO clan at that time.\n  548. Kagekatsu UESUGI/Akikage NAGAO or Kagekatsu NAGAO was a feudal lord who lived from the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) until the early Edo period.\n  549. Kagekatsu and Kanetsugu went up to Fushimi in Kyoto in July 1601 and had an audience with Ieyasu in August.\n  550. Kagekatsu built infrastructure in the domain such as clearing and maintaining roads and constructing subsidiary castles straightaway.\n  551. Kagekatsu fought against Masamune DATE and Yoshiaki MOGAMI, who joined the East squad (the Battle of Dewa in the Keicho Era).\n  552. Kagekatsu had an heir Nobukatsu, but he died with his father in 1582.\n  553. Kagekatsu had hardly governed the territory because he had been just transferred to the Aizu domain yielding 1,200,000-koku (a unit of volume of rice) from the Kasugayama-jo Castle in Echigo Province, early in the previous year under the order from Hideyoshi.\n  554. Kagekatsu ordered that Kozashi Castle be constructed as quickly as possible, but suspended the construction in June to respond to Ieyasu's forces.\n  555. Kagekatsu turned back to Aizu too.\n  556. Kagekatsu was deprived of the Aizu domain and his territory was diminished to Okitama District (Nagai District), Date District and Shinobu District yielding 300,000-koku (a unit of volume of rice).\n  557. Kagekatsu, the son of Kenshin's older sister, who was from the Nagao family (the Echigo Nagao clan), won this war and inherited the name of the Uesugi clan, but later members of the clan (the Nagao Uesugi clan) call Kenshin the first generation and Kagekatsu the second generation.\n  558. Kagekatsu, who was stationed in Shinano even after repelling Nagayoshi, displayed his wariness of Hojo, probably due to the influence of the Otate War, and was getting ready for battle.\n  559. Kageki KAGAWA\n  560. Kageki KAGAWA (May 25, 1768-April 26, 1843) was kajin (waka poet) in the latter part of the Edo period.\n  561. Kageki KAGAWA also wrote \"The Tosa Diary's New Remarks\" (in 1823), ascertaining historical evidence in detail.\n  562. Kageki KAGAWA who was also known as a scholar of Japanese classical literature had an experience to serve Sanekata.\n  563. Kageki SHIMODA, Naoki Award winner, took his pen name from him.\n  564. Kageki found his ideal style of poetry in 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and admired KI no Tsurayuki as Kasei (great poet), so he compiled this anthology by himself to put his ideal into practice.\n  565. Kageki's style of poetry was very popular until the early Meiji Period and called Keien school because of this anthology.\n  566. Kageki-tokkyu (limited express to Takarazuka Revue)\n  567. Kagekiyo\n  568. Kagekiyo (Kabuki) (Kabuki Number eighteen, selected by the seventh Danjuro ICHIKAWA.\n  569. Kagekiyo (rakugo)\n  570. Kagemasa KAMAKURA\n  571. Kagemasa KAMAKURA (Kagemasa) and Heitaro-tametsugu of Miura viewed as the representatives of the Sagami Province may have participated due to the connection they had with samurai in Kyoto from their parents' generation.\n  572. Kagemasa KAMAKURA, who fought under MINAMOTO no Yoshiie at Gosannen no Eki (the Later Three Years' War) and was famous for his heroic acts, was Kagetoki's great-grandfather or great-grandfather's cousin (a cousin of Kagehisa KAJIWARA, the originator of the Kajiwara clan).\n  573. Kagemasa KATO\n  574. Kagemasa KATO (1168 to May 3, 1249) was a potter in the early Kamakura period, and was regarded as the originator of Seto ware.\n  575. Kagemasa got the right of inheritance of the position of geshishiki (a local official to manage a shoen estate) to his descendants by presenting (備進) 'Rice for festivals' (供祭上分米) to the Ise Jingu Shrine.\n  576. Kagemichi AOYAMA\n  577. Kagemichi AOYAMA (1819 - December 11, 1891) was a Japanese Fukko-shintoka (Reactionary Shintoist), who lived during the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.\n  578. Kagemitsu HORI\n  579. Kagemitsu HORI (year of birth and death unknown) was a samurai who lived toward the end of the Heian period.\n  580. Kagemitsu confessed that Yoshitsune was hiding at Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara and that Kagemitsu communicated with FUJIWARA no Norisue as a messenger of Yoshitsune (\"Gyokuyo\" [Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane]).\n  581. Kagemitsu who was hiding himself in the capital was arrested by Arisue KASUYA, a direct retainer of Yoritomo in Kamakura, on November 9, 1186.\n  582. Kagemochi NAGAO\n  583. Kagemochi NAGAO was born as a legitimate son of Sadakage NAGAO, who had defeated Kugyo (the assassin of MONAMOTO no Sanetomo, the third shogun of the Kamakura shogunate).\n  584. Kagemochi Nagao was a warrior of Sgami Province during the Kamakura period.\n  585. Kagemori ADACHI\n  586. Kagemori ADACHI was busho in the period from the early part to the middle of the Kamakura period.\n  587. Kagemori established Kongosanmai-in Temple to pray to Buddha for the happiness of deceased Sanetomo, and was called Koya nyudo (a priest of Koya-san Mountain).\n  588. Kagemori had a feeling of frustration that the Adachi clan might lose the position if letting this opportunity slip away, and his feeling accorded with the Hojo clan's intention to remove the Miura clan which had had a tense relationship with the Hojo clan long before.\n  589. Kagemori who had established a secure position of Adachi clan in the bakufu died at Koya-san Mountain on May 18, 1248, following the year of the Battle of Hoji.\n  590. Kagemoto ASAKURA\n  591. Kagemoto ASAKURA (1484 - May 14, 1535) was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan).\n  592. Kagemoto KAGAWA\n  593. Kagemoto KAGAWA (September 24, 1745 - October 23, 1821) was a Kajin (waka poet) in the middle of the Edo Period.\n  594. Kagemoto TOYAMA (Saemon no jo [third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards], machi-bugyo, ometsuke)\n  595. Kagemoto adopted several other children, and Kagetsugu KAGAWA was the one who became his successor.\n  596. Kagemoto compiled Kashu (personal collection of poetry), 'Kochueiso.'\n  597. Kagemoto's adopted children were Kageki KAGAWA, Kageyoshi KAGAWA and Kagetsugu KAGAWA.\n  598. Kagemune KOBAYAKAWA and his son Sukekage made great military exploits for Takauji ASHIKAGA during the Kenmu era, which led to the expansion of power of the Takehara-Kobayakawa clan.\n  599. Kagemune OSADA\n  600. Kagemune OSADA (year of birth unknown -1190) was a busho who lived during the end of the Heian Period.\n  601. Kagemune YAMAOKA\n  602. Kagemune YAMAOKA was a busho (Japanese military commander) during the Sengoku period and the early Edo period.\n  603. Kagemusha\n  604. Kagemusha (The Shadow Warrior) (movie)\n  605. Kagemusha was employed for the purposes including disguising the death of a lord, or confusing enemies.\n  606. Kagen 5 August, 1303 - December 14, 1306\n  607. Kagen War\n  608. Kagen War is a disturbance that occurred in 1305 (in the Kagen era) within the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).\n  609. Kagenaga ASAI\n  610. Kagenaga ASAI (December 22, 1684 - December 15, 1768) was a bokan (residential retainer) for Sonko Hoshinno as well as one for the Monzeki (successor of a temple) of Kaju-ji Temple.\n  611. Kagenaka NAGAO\n  612. Kagenaka NAGAO (1388 - October 17, 1463) was a main retainer of Yamanouchi-Uesugi family which was Kanto Kanrei (Shogun's deputy for the Kanto region) during the middle of the Muromachi period.\n  613. Kagenaka committed himself to the prosperity of UESUGI clan, which was a life as Shogun's deputy for the Kanto region and SHIRAI-NAGAO clan over a lifetime.\n  614. Kagenaka continuously led the troop of UESUGI clan, and at the Battle of Ueno/Hanetsugihara in 1459, he defeated the troop of Shigeuji and called \"the greatest strategist in the Kanto region\" (\"Kamakura Ozoshi [the military epic of Kamakura and Koga]\").\n  615. Kagenaka joined this war as a vice-commander, and he made a great contribution at the time when Tadamasa captured Mochiuji.\n  616. Kagenaka was the second son of Fusakage NAGAO, and his mother was a daughter of Kiyokage NAGAO.\n  617. Kagenaka went to his own territory, Kozuke in order to call up more soldiers, and at the same time, he sent a messenger to the provincial governor of Echigo to call for reinforcements.\n  618. Kagenao YAMAOKA\n  619. Kagenao YAMAOKA was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku period.\n  620. Kagenobu TOJO who was a believer of nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) and had held grudge against Nichiren assaulted him, his disciple Nichigyo KYONINBO and a believer Yoshitaka KUDO were killed and Nichiren was also badly injured, slashed in the forehead, left hand broken.\n  621. Kagenori ASAI (Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), the governor of Mutsu Province)\n  622. Kagenori NIRE\n  623. Kagenori NIRE (April 6, 1831-November 22, 1900) was a samurai at the end of the Edo period and a navy officer in the Meiji period.\n  624. Kagenori UENO\n  625. Kagenori UENO (January 8, 1845 - April 11, 1888) was a Japanese diplomat.\n  626. Kagenori died in April 11, 1888 (at the age of forty-five).\n  627. Kagenori served as the first director of the tax office in the Yokohama Customs from October 1871 to March 1872.\n  628. Kagenori served in Austria from July 1882 to September 1884 as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.\n  629. Kagenori successfully concluded a foreign bond subscription contract for railway construction with the British Oriental Bank.\n  630. Kagenori was born in January 8, 1845 as the first son in Shioyacho Town in the Satsuma Domain, and commonly called Keisuke.\n  631. Kagenori was dispatched to Hawaii from October 1869 to March 1870.\n  632. Kagenori was from Kagoshima Prefecture.\n  633. Kagero (The Mayfly)\n  634. Kagero (The Tale of Genji)\n  635. Kagero Diary (The Gossamer Years)\n  636. Kagero Diary (The Gossamer Years): A diary in which the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna detailed her complaints about the life with her husband FUJIWARA no Kaneie.\n  637. Kagero has no choice, but to agree.\n  638. Kagero is one of the fifty-four chapters of \"The Tale of Genji.\"\n  639. Kagero swallows half of the letter, but had the rest snatched.\n  640. Kagero, a fianc? of Shigenari KIMURA, brushed him off.\n  641. Kagero/Hitoha\n  642. Kagesada MAENO (sentenced to death)\n  643. Kageshige KATAGIRI\n  644. Kageshige KATAGIRI (unknown date of birth - Feb. 13, 1160) is a samurai at the end of the Heian period.\n  645. Kagesue KAJIWARA\n  646. Kagesue KAJIWARA was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived from the end of the Heian period to the beginning of the Kamakura period.\n  647. Kagesue and Kagetoki fled into mountains and fought, but killed themselves with the rest of the clan.\n  648. Kagesue joined the army with his father and younger brothers.\n  649. Kagesue served actively as a powerful gokenin, and his name was frequently mentioned as an attendee in various events of the Kamakura bakufu, as well as a bugyo (magistrate).\n  650. Kagesue visited Yoshitsune's residence but Yoshitsune claimed he was ill and refused to meet him.\n  651. Kagesue, with his father Kagetoki, joined them.\n  652. Kagesuke SHIBUKAWA completed this calendar after he introduced western astronomy to Japan, and the calendar was considered the most accurate lunar solar calendar which had been practically used.\n  653. Kagesuke YAMAOKA\n  654. Kagesuke YAMAOKA was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku period.\n  655. Kagetaka ASAKURA was a son between them.\n  656. Kagetaka YAMAOKA was his younger brother.\n  657. Kagetaka and his followers killed themselves in the Castle, and Sozaburo, genin (manservant), went to Shugo (a provincial military governor) in Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region) and reported on the situation as he had been ordered by Kagetaka.\n  658. Kagetaka tried to plot a movement against Takakage ASAKURA, using his connections with influential people in the Bakufu and Court, but did not succeed.\n  659. Kagetoki KAJIWARA\n  660. Kagetoki KAJIWARA and Kagesue KAJIWARA, father and son, removed the Sakamogi fence and rushed under falling arrows.\n  661. Kagetoki KAJIWARA was a busho (Japanese military commander) from the end of the Heian period and the beginning of the Kamakura period.\n  662. Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who was excellent both in literary and military arts, worked for the Kamakura bakufu as an administrator of the Board of Retainers while keeping an eye on the gokenins' activities for their performance review, as well as for law and order.\n  663. Kagetoki also fought bravely like a Togoku Samurai (a group of samurai in the eastern part of Japan) in the Battle of Ichinotani.\n  664. Kagetoki and his sons Kagesue and Kagetaka who belonged to Noriyori's Ote Army fought against TAIRA no Tomonori, who was guarding Oitaguchi; they fought so well that it was called 'Kajiwara no Nidogake' (Double-attack by the Kajiwara).\n  665. Kagetoki became the inspector: Shigetada refuted Kagetoki's interrogation insisting his innocence repeatedly; Yoritomo eventually dropped his suspicion.\n  666. Kagetoki escorted TAIRA no Shigehira and returned to Kamakura; in May he moved back to Kyoto with Sanehira DOI to confiscate the territories of the Taira clan in various places.\n  667. Kagetoki killed Rokuro and placed his head nearby Toshituna's head as a warning to others.\n  668. Kagetoki lost his position and left Kamakura; in February next year, Kagetoki was killed and his story was ended (The Incident of Kagetoki KAJIWARA).\n  669. Kagetoki notified it to Yoritomo, and as a result Yoshisuke was decapitated, and Yoshisada's shoryo (territory) was confiscated.\n  670. Kagetoki questioned Hachiro YURI, who was Yasuhira's vassal and was taken captive, but Hachiro YURI was upset because of Kagetoki's arrogance and did not answer the questions.\n  671. Kagetoki reportedly said, 'Never have I heard of the commanding general leading in the vanguard.\n  672. Kagetoki returned to Kamakura after the house arrest and asked Yoriie to let him come back to an official position, but Yoriie was unable to help and Kagetoki was ordered to exile from Kamakura.\n  673. Kagetoki rushed into the enemy camp for the second time in tears, and fought aggressively the fight which was called Kajiwara's nidogake (to attack twice).\n  674. Kagetoki shouted at Yoshitsune 'Stupid samurai only know how to attack, not to withdraw.'\n  675. Kagetoki was accused by other vassals of trying to trap the popular Shigetada.\n  676. Kagetoki was subjected to ridicule for being too late.\n  677. Kagetoki went to subjugate Yoritomo with Kagechika OBA, and destroyed the outnumbered Yoritomo's army at the Battle of Ishibashiyama.\n  678. Kagetoki, on whom Yoriie relied as 'the number one vassal' following the reign of Yoritomo, also joined this movement.\n  679. Kagetomi written in laws for merchants and artisans refers to that.\n  680. Kagetomo KAWATA\n  681. Kagetomo KAWATA (November 24, 1828 - October 12, 1897) who flourished from the end of Edo period (the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate) through Meiji period was a Samurai, a statesman and the peerage.\n  682. Kagetomo YAMAOKA\n  683. Kagetomo YAMAOKA was the Busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring State) and the Azuchi-Momoyama Period.\n  684. Kagetomo had some common names including Shinzu and Fusho.\n  685. Kagetomo was adopted by Kagehira KAGAWA and became Baigetsudo the fourth, the successor of Kagehira.\n  686. Kagetomo was close to Takatsugu KYOGOKU, who was the lord of the Otsu-jo Castle because of their territories.\n  687. Kagetora NAGAO fought Harunobu TAKEDA for the first time, supporting samurai land owners in the northern Shinano area.\n  688. Kagetora NAGAO was handed over the estate of the Uesugi family as well as the position of Kanto Kanrei from Norimasa UESUGI since he successfully guarded Kogakubo instead of Norimasa UESUGI, which was Kanto Kanrei's original duty.\n  689. Kagetora entered Kasugayama-jo Castle which was a headquarter of Nagao clan, and at the age of 19, succeeded to the family headship and became Shugodai of Echigo Province.\n  690. Kagetora had an audience with Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, Seii taishogun, and got official approval of assuming the Kanto Kanrei post.\n  691. Kagetora held the ceremony of inheriting the head post of the Uesugi family and that of assuming the Kanto Kanrei post at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine in Kamakura City, Sagami Province, and changing his name to Masatora UESUGI, returned to Echigo province.\n  692. Kagetora once made arrangements to move his forces towards Shioda-jo Castle again.\n  693. Kagetora took the name of Masatora (Terutora) UESUGI upon succeeding as head of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family and assuming the position of Kanto Kanrei.\n  694. Kagetoyo ASAKURA\n  695. Kagetoyo ASAKURA (year of birth unknown - May 8, 1503) was a busho (Japanese military commander) during the end of the Muromachi period.\n  696. Kagetoyo committed suicide with his sword after his base Tsuruga was attacked by Sadakage.\n  697. Kagetoyo's sisters became the wives of the member of the Asakura clan - Soteki ASAKURA, Kagezane HORIE, Kagetomi TOBA, and Shorenge Omi no kami.\n  698. Kagetsu (Noh play)\n  699. Kagetsu says that he had been abducted by a Tengu (a mountain spirit with wings and a long nose) and traveled mountains of various provinces.\n  700. Kagetsuan-ryu School (a school of Senchado [Japanese tea ceremony using Sencha, brewed green tea])\n  701. Kagetsuan-ryu school is a school of Senchado established by Kakuo TANAKA at the end of the Edo period.\n  702. Kagetsugu KAGAWA, who promised to fulfill his father's dying wish, went to Kyoto to study, and continued the writing of it.\n  703. Kagetsuin Jinrei said that the writer was Nyoshin.\n  704. Kagetsuna KATAKURA\n  705. Kagetsuna UTSUNOMIYA\n  706. Kagetsuna UTSUNOMIYA (1235 - June 10, 1298) was a Japanese military commander who lived during the middle of the Kamakura Period.\n  707. Kagetsuna served and devoted his life to Masamune, sometimes as the closest aide, and sometimes as a strategist next to Masamune.\n  708. Kagetsuna shot an arrow at Tametomo, shouting \"Let us see how you like this arrow from a low-ranking retainer like me.\"\n  709. Kagetsuna started his service as a vassal to Imperial Prince Munetaka in April 1252.\n  710. Kagetsuna told that he had already advanced to the town wall and was about to seize the Fukushima-jo Castle but it was better to withdraw once because he had many casualties.\n  711. Kagetsuna was favored by Imperial Prince Munetaka and given important posts such as Mikoshiban (a vassal responsible for opening and closing of lattices) and Junomari bugyo (a commissioner responsible for a kemari [Japanese ancient Imperial court game like kick-ball] ritual) in 1257 and 1263 respectively.\n  712. Kagetsura OBA, who was assigned to jito (manager and lord of manor) of Bingo Province in the same year, is assumed to be either a brother, son, or a close blood relative of Kagekane.\n  713. Kageyasu YOSAZAEMON guarded his master, and grappled with Masakiyo.\n  714. Kageyoshi answered, 'during the battle we shall obey shogun's command, not the Emperor's Mikotonori (imperial edict).'\n  715. Kageyuki TOYAMA's wife was a daughter of Takasada MIYAKE, the lord of the Hirose-jo Castle in Mikawa Province, and it supports the theory that he succeeded as the head of the Miyake clan, which Kageharu TOYAMA's mother came from.\n  716. Kageyuki YAMAOKA\n  717. Kageyuki YAMAOKA was a military commander of the Sengoku period (period of warring states).\n  718. Kageyushi\n  719. Kageyushi (Board of Discharge Examiners), which was placed by Emperor Kanmu in 797, was responsible for inspecting the local administrations of kokushi (provincial governors).\n  720. Kageyushi (a supervisor of business transfer)\n  721. Kageyushi strictly audited the administration by kokushi, and attained some progress in improving the local administration.\n  722. Kageyushi was a Ryoge no kan (official posts outside of the Ritsuryo code) under the Japanese Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo code).\n  723. Kageyushi was once abolished in 806, and instead Kansatsushi, whose duty was to inspect local administration on gokishichido (five provinces and seven circuits) basis, was created.\n  724. Kageyushi's duty was to inspect Geyujo which was brought back by a predecessor.\n  725. Kageyushi's inspection was called Kanpan at the time, and its record (Kageyushi-kanpanjo) was compiled in \"Seiji yoryaku\" (examples of the politics in the Heian period), a reference book for politics.\n  726. Kageyushicho, the office of Kageyushi, was located on the north-west side of Daijokan (Council of State) and to the south of Chumusho (Ministry of Central Affairs).\n  727. Kaginawa\n  728. Kaginawa (hooked rope)\n  729. Kaginawa is a tool that is believed to have been used by ninja.\n  730. Kaginawa is a tool which is a grappling iron hook affixed to the tip of a rope and it is used when climbing a cliff without a toehold or crossing a valley without a bridge.\n  731. Kaginawa is counted as one of the seven tools for ninja.\n  732. Kaginosuke KAWASAKI\n  733. Kaginosuke KAWASAKI (year of birth and death unknown) was a military strategist during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).\n  734. Kaginosuke didn't refer to himself by 流名, but people called him `a person of the Togun' (Eastern camp).\n  735. Kaginosuke started to learn kenjutsu when he was 13.\n  736. Kago (basket), Shoiko (wooden frame to carry things), and Furoshiki (wrapping cloth)\n  737. Kagome (literally, patterns of baskets made weaving bamboo) patterns\n  738. Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture\n  739. Kagoshima Normal School (the faculty of education of Kagoshima University)\n  740. Kagoshima Ohara Bushi\n  741. Kagoshima Prefecture\n  742. Kagoshima Prefecture is currently a large producing area for domestic kudzu flour.\n  743. Kagoshima St. Xavier's Cathedral\n  744. Kagoshima Youth Normal School (the faculty of education of Kagoshima University)\n  745. Kagoshima-cha (Kagoshima Prefecture) - Chiran-cha, Ei-cha, Satsuma-cha, Miyanojo-cha, Mizobe-cha, Takarabe-cha, etc.\n  746. Kagoshima-ken Makoto-no-denchi' (true stories transferred by wireless from Kagoshima Prefecture): A newspaper reporting topics about Seinan War\n  747. Kagura\n  748. Kagura (59)\n  749. Kagura (Shinto music and dancing)\n  750. Kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at a shrine)\n  751. Kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrines) (30)\n  752. Kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrines) (59 entities)\n  753. Kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrines) or Noh musical accompaniment (played with traditional Japanese instruments) are such examples.\n  754. Kagura Dance\n  755. Kagura Hajime Shiki (the ceremony of kagura-dance) - January 3\n  756. Kagura Hall (kaguraden)\n  757. Kagura as Art for Public Entertainment\n  758. Kagura can be classified into two kinds, mikagura and satokagura, the former being performed in the imperial court and the latter among ordinary people.\n  759. Kagura in Kyogen is mai-goto different from that of Noh.\n  760. Kagura is a chanting and dancing performance dedicated to gods in Shinto rituals.\n  761. Kagura is danced by a miko (a shrine maiden) (in \"Makiginu\" (bolt of silk) or by a goddess (in \"Miwa\"), imitating a real kagura dance, and is always accompanied by drums.\n  762. Kagura made after the modern age, including 'Urayasu-no-mai Dance,' 'Yukyu-no-mai Dance,' 'Toyosaka-no-mai Dance' and 'Asahimai Dance' (Kagura made after the modern age)\n  763. Kagura made in the modern era, including Urayasu no mai, are based on Kuniburi no utamai songs and dances or bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing) and, in a broad sense, can be seen as a continuation of gagaku court music.\n  764. Kagura may be observed at shrine festivals, and rarely at some temples.\n  765. Kagura-bue\n  766. Kagura-den Hall (hall of Shinto Music and Dance)\n  767. Kagurabue\n  768. Kagurabue flute\n  769. Kagurabue flute has a range (the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play) of D5 to C7.\n  770. Kagurabue flute is a transverse flute made of a bamboo tube with six holes on the front.\n  771. Kagurabue flute is a wind instrument used in the performance of gagaku (ancient Japanese court music).\n  772. Kaguraden (hall for Shinto music and dance)\n  773. Kaguraoka-sha (Deities: Ikazuchi-no-kami, Oyamatsumi, Okami-no-kami)\n  774. Kagurauta\n  775. Kagurauta is a song performed in Kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrines).\n  776. Kagurauta is roughly divided into the following parts: Niwabi (preparation for the night), Torimono (greeting the gods), Saibari (entertainment for the gods), and Akaboshi (sending off the gods).\n  777. Kagurauta song\n  778. Kagutsuchi\n  779. Kagutsuchi (The kami of fire) is also known as 'Homusubi.'\n  780. Kagutsuchi is a god born between Izanagi and Izanami.\n  781. Kagutsuchi is the god of fire that appears in Kiki-shinwa (the Kojiki, Nihonshoki and mythology).\n  782. Kaguya-hime immediately returned the branch to them and gave rewards to the craftsmen.\n  783. Kaguyamatomi no kami\n  784. Kagyu-an (Snail Cottage) within the temple garden is the venue for the 'Agon Cup' Go competition.\n  785. Kagyuan Nikki (The Diary of Kagyuan) (Chuo Koronsha, August 1949)\n  786. Kagyuan Yobanashi (Night Stories by Kagyuan) (Shunyo-do, November 1907)\n  787. Kahaku KOBAYASHI, \"Nachi no Taki\" (那智滝) (Nachi Falls) 1939, \"Ryoanji no Niwa\" (竜安寺の庭) (Garden in Ryoan-ji Temple) 1941, \"Uma o Arau\" (馬を洗う) (Washing a Horse) 1942\n  788. Kahan\n  789. Kahan was used as follows in domains.\n  790. Kahan, also called Kahan no retsu (joint surety) means originally a chief retainer who had authority to sign or put seal at carrying out an order of a lord.\n  791. Kahantei (a tea room)\n  792. Kahara Park\n  793. Kahei SASAKI\n  794. Kahei SASAKI (July 7, 1889 - May 2, 1983) was an architect of temples and shrines.\n  795. Kaheishi nibuban\n  796. Kaheishi nibuban was casted for 10 months as a progress measure until opening of minting authority when the New Meiji Government took over kin-za in 1868 and is called Meiji nibukin.\n  797. Kahimochihi is found in \"Uji Shui Monogatari\" (Uji Tales Collection) compiled in the Kamakura period as \"Let's eat kahimochihi.\"\n  798. Kahitsukan Kyoto Museum of Contemporary Art\n  799. Kaho November 25, 1094 - December 27, 1096\n  800. Kaho two-storey pagoda\n  801. Kahoku in Kahoku City is written in Japanese syllabary characters and not in the Chinese characters; it is thought that 'Kahoku' is derived from Kahoku County; however, it is possible to think that 'Kahoku' is derived from 'Kahoku' meaning the northern part of Kaga Province.\n  802. Kahoku-cho, Kami County\n  803. Kahokuzansho (Zanthoxylum bungeanum)\n  804. Kahoto-do hall\n  805. Kai (a mall)\n  806. Kai Chikuzen no kami (governor of Chikuzen in Kai Province) (Chujo-ryu school, Tomita-ryu school)\n  807. Kai Keigi (in cases of kokushi (provincial governors) or gunji (district managers) acting as instructors)\n  808. Kai Province\n  809. Kai SHIMADA\n  810. Kai SHIMADA (February 29, 1828-March 20, 1900) was the corporal in the second unit of Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate) and the Shoshi shirabeyaku ken kansatsu (Shinsengumi's organizational post for investigating movements of the opponents and keeping the Shinsengumi members under control).\n  811. Kai SHIMADA also wrote that Kichiroku had escaped.\n  812. Kai SHIMADA was born as the second son of Iuemon KONDO, a headman of Obusa Village, Mino Province (present Nagaraobusa, Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture), in 1828.\n  813. Kai SHIMADA's \"Eimei-roku\" (literally, the list of heroes, referring to a list of Shinsengumi members) includes Tomi's name as coming from Settsu Province (which is also called Sesshu).\n  814. Kai SHIMADA: Died March 20, 1900\n  815. Kai Tsusho-ko (Study on Chinese and European Commerce)\n  816. Kai Tsusho-ko Tengi-ron (Study on Chinese and European Commerce, About their Astronomy)\n  817. Kai and Ju were, in many cases, used independently in books, Kuden (oral tradition), and legends, and there was no unified standard in numeration of story and tier, which indicates a possibility of the expressions being handed down as local ones.\n  818. Kai era\n  819. Kai no Yusha\n  820. Kai no Yusha (Brave Man from Kai Province) was a cavalryman fought in the Jinshin War of 672.\n  821. Kai no Yusha rushed on his horse to Kujira.\n  822. Kai' is a border, or the border of enlightenment.\n  823. Kai, drawing his sword in despair, killed Aki, but was also killed in return.\n  824. Kai-Choshizuka-kofun Tumulus (Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture (the former, Nakamichi-machi, Higashiyatsushiro County), a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound)\n  825. Kai-Takeda clan\n  826. Kai-fu: established as a merger of Fuchu Prefecture, Ichikawa Prefecture and Isawa Prefecture on October 28 (old lunar calendar) in 1868.\n  827. Kai-no-kuni (Yamanashi Prefecture)\n  828. Kai-zuka (Shell Mounds)\n  829. Kaian-ji Temple, Fudarakusen, Soto sect (5-16-22 Minami Shinagawa, Shinagawa Ward).\n  830. Kaiawase\n  831. Kaiawase (shell-matching)\n  832. Kaiawase in the Edo period\n  833. Kaiawase is a traditional game from the Heian period.\n  834. Kaibumakie Kesa Box - Lacquerware from the early Heian period\n  835. Kaibutsu\n  836. Kaichi (Haetae)\n  837. Kaichi Kodomo mikoshi (portable shrine of Kaichi carried by children)\n  838. Kaichi School\n  839. Kaichi School (in Matsumoto City) is one of the most famous existing examples of Gi-yofu architecture.\n  840. Kaichigo\n  841. Kaichigo' refers to a type of Japanese spirit appearing in \"Hyakki Tsurezurebukuro Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' (One hundred bags in idleness), collections of ghosts, spirits, spooks and monsters, described by Sekien TORIYAMA.\n  842. Kaichiro USUI, a Sukiya architect, built the above buildings based on Denjiro's ideas, incorporating Japanese traditional architectural styles such as Shinden-zukuri, Shoin-zukuri, and Sukiya-zukuri.\n  843. Kaichitsujo (order between Chinese dynasty and neighboring countries)\n  844. Kaichitsujo, which is traditional in East Asia is called in Korea Jidai shugi (serving-the-Great-ism) and Korean side wished to maintain the situation, but on the other hand Japan side wished for international relationship based on treaties and the two countries was opposed to each other regarding dispatch of ministries.\n  845. Kaichitsujp, of which China was the center completely disappeared by conclusion of Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895) because the last country, which conducted choko to the Qing dynasty dropped from Kaichitsujo by the conclusion of the treaty.\n  846. Kaicho is also scheduled from March 1, 2009 to May 31of the same year).\n  847. Kaicho-ji Temple\n  848. Kaicho-ji Temple, located in Haidara Town, Uda City, Nara Prefecture is a temple that belongs to the Omuro school of the Shingon sect.\n  849. Kaicho-jinja Shrine: the chinju-sha Shrine (protectant shrine of a temple) located to the right of the hondo.\n  850. Kaichoon (collection of poetry)\n  851. Kaichoon is the collection of translated poems that Bin UEDA published through Hongo Shoin in October, 1905.\n  852. Kaichu Jiruko\n  853. Kaichu jiruko: Instant shiruko (sweet red-bean soup with pieces of rice cake) using the tane.\n  854. Kaichumyogo (a pocketable paper with the name of Amida-nyorai written on it) of Hongan-ji School is the remains of what was given during wartime (Pacific war) to soldiers when they were called up.\n  855. Kaida soba (Kaida Kogen, Kiso-machi)\n  856. Kaida soba is made from local buckwheat flour.\n  857. Kaidan (Buddhist ordination platform), stood at the west side of the precinct.\n  858. Kaidan (Ordination Platform)\n  859. Kaidan (ghost stories) - test of courage\n  860. Kaidan is a place where a person who intends to become a Buddhist priest or priestess is given the precepts of Buddhism, the bounds of which are kept fixed.\n  861. Kaidan-banashi ghost stories, which come under the category of shibai-banashi, mostly consist of a ninjo-banashi-like story with a shibai-banashi-like ending.\n  862. Kaidan-in\n  863. Kaidan-in Temple (Important Cultural Property) - Rebuilt in 1678\n  864. Kaidan-in, the Jodo-do Hall, the Chumon Hall, Tozen-in, the Great Buddha Hall and many other facilities burned down, and the number of lost temple buildings exceeded that of remaining ones.\n  865. Kaido\n  866. Kaido (1751 to 1810) was a gakuso (scholar monk) of the Shingon sect Buzan school of the Shingi Shingon sect, who made a great contribution to bibliography.\n  867. Kaido (road)\n  868. Kaido almost always start from towns and villages, while frequently ending at remote shrines and temples.\n  869. Kaido in Japan are described below.\n  870. Kaido spread throughout the country have their own origins, their names derived from various sources.\n  871. Kaido-ki (Travel Diary) is a traveler's journal that is thought to have been written in 1223.\n  872. Kaido-ki' is a travelogue which was written on his journey.\n  873. Kaidoki\n  874. Kaie-do - A dozo-zukuri (fireproof building with a timber structural frame and thick mud walls finished with plaster) Butsu-do (hall that enshrines a Buddhist statue) adjoins the Goza-sho.\n  875. Kaieda was infuriated when Omura told him, 'You don't know anything about the war,' giving rise to the theory that Kaieda was linked to Omura's assassination.\n  876. Kaieki\n  877. Kaieki (forfeit rank of Samurai and properties)\n  878. Kaieki (forfeit rank of Samurai and properties) and Masanori's later years\n  879. Kaieki (punishment by removal of samurai status and expropriation of territories)\n  880. Kaieki Sanction Imposed on Daimyo Families during the Edo Period\n  881. Kaieki applied to Daimyo families in the Edo period\n  882. Kaieki can also be expressed as the Japanese word jofu.\n  883. Kaieki in the Edo period is described below.\n  884. Kaieki or genpo applied to Daimyo families that lost in the Battle of Sekigahara\n  885. Kaieki' sanction (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) and exile\n  886. Kaifeng (Northern Sung)\n  887. Kaifu Yitong Sansi (Supreme Minister) and governor-general of Heishu was posthumously conferred to him, and his body was buried in the imperial tomb of Gao Zong or Qianling Tomb.\n  888. Kaifukan (laboratories, research rooms, conference rooms)\n  889. Kaifukeo Nyorai: The tathagata is depicted in the south (the right side of the Taizokai Mandara) as a symbol of 'shugyo' (making efforts to achieve spiritual enlightenment).\n  890. Kaifuku-in Temple - Masanori FUKUSHIMA served as kaiki.\n  891. Kaifuso (Fond Recollections of Poetry)\n  892. Kaigai-ei\n  893. Kaigaijohitsu (epilogue)\n  894. Kaigake (Hino-cho, Shiga Prefecture)\n  895. Kaiganbogyo-goyogakari (a governmental post of the Edo bakufu)\n  896. Kaiganbogyo-goyogakari was a governmental post of the Edo bakufu.\n  897. Kaigen (Eye-Opening)\n  898. Kaigen (to open a gate of seki) after the state of emergency was solved took the same procedure as this.\n  899. Kaigen is held by offering incense, flowers, tomyo (votive candle) and goma (holy fire).\n  900. Kaigen refers to enshrining a Buddha statue or Buddhist painting newly made in a temple or hall to welcome the spirit.\n  901. Kaigen-hoyo\n  902. Kaigen-hoyo is a Buddhist memorial service held at the completion of Buddhist statue, painting, altar, or tomb.\n  903. Kaigen-kuyo (a ceremony to consecrate a newly made Buddhist image)\n  904. Kaigo sawayaka ni (articulating clearly), akasatanahamayarawa, okosotonohomoyorowo.\n  905. Kaigu\n  906. Kaigun (Navy) bugyo was additionally established over gunkan bugyo (the government's naval magistrate).\n  907. Kaigun Sosai (president of the bakufu navy), Kou YATABORI and the Fuku Sosai (vice president of the bakufu navy), Takeaki ENOMOTO\n  908. Kaihakugoshi shinrei (a law enacted in order to limit the amount of international trade)\n  909. Kaihakugoshi shinrei (also called Shotoku shinrei and Nagasaki shinrei) was implemented in 1708 and its basic policy was observed until the end of the Edo period.\n  910. Kaihatsu-Ryoshu\n  911. Kaihatsu-ryoshu\n  912. Kaihatsu-ryoshu (also pronounced as Kaihotsu-ryoshu) were those who owned the lands they developed as their territories in Shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) in Japan.\n  913. Kaihatsu-ryoshu (local nobles who actually developed the land) is a generic name for those who secured a territory by extensive reclaimed land development after the mid Heian period, and who were originally influential peasants (Tato).\n  914. Kaihatsu-ryoshu also concurrently performed as Zaichokanjin (provincial government officers) and they remained in the Kokugaryo position when the relation with kokuga was more profitable.\n  915. Kaihatsu-ryoshu carefully stored the documents that clearly stipulated the basis of their rights (kugen [a type of certification authorizing a certain privilege to a person]), handing them down for generations.\n  916. Kaihatsu-ryoshu donated rice fields to the central powerful men or temples or shrines and the lords of shoen who received the donation were called ryoke.\n  917. Kaihatsu-ryoshu tried to establish the lord-and-vassal relationship with those samurai to facilitate dispute resolution over their shoen.\n  918. Kaiho Rei (Emancipation Edict)\n  919. Kaiho Rei (Emancipation Edict) opposition uprisings\n  920. Kaiho Rei (Emancipation Edict) opposition uprisings were incidents of riots and raids which broke out against Kaiho Rei in various places of Japan during early Meiji period.\n  921. Kaiho Rei for Meiji Government at that time was not abolition of the class system based on the philosophy of \"shimin byodo\" but only a formal abolition of the class system enacted just to proceed \"chiso choshu (collection of land tax)\".\n  922. Kaihoji: a method of calculation to extract the square root.\n  923. Kaihuang Luli\n  925. Kaii HIGASHIYAMA (male, July 8, 1908 - May 6, 1999) was a Japanese painter.\n  926. Kaii HIGASHIYAMA: \"Tosei \" (Sound of Wave)/\"Sanun\" (Mountain Clouds)\n  927. Kaiin-ji Temple (Nagaokakyo City)\n  928. Kaiin-ji was the name of a Buddhist temple located in Nagaokakyo City, Kyoto Prefecture and is also currently the name of the surrounding area.\n  929. Kaiin-seki Tearoom (Important Cultural Property)\n  930. Kaijin (Ashes of Destruction) (\"Mita Bungaku,\" October 1911 - December 1912).\n  931. Kaijitsu, tsugomori or misoka is the last day of month in the Chinese and Japanese calendars, which are lunisolar calendars.\n  932. Kaijitsu/Tsugomori/Misoka (last day of month)\n  933. Kaijo (724 - October 29, 781) was a Buddhist priest in the Nara period.\n  934. Kaijo (priest)\n  935. Kaiju Budo Kyo of a Chinese style in the Sui and Tang Period and transparent metal fittings decorating the coffin are well known.\n  936. Kaijusen-ji Temple\n  937. Kaijusen-ji Temple (Kamo-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture): The Kamakura period (1214); 17.7 m tall\n  938. Kaijusen-ji Temple also belonged to the Hosso Sect and, until the early modern period, was under the control of Kofuku-ji Temple (head temple of the Hosso Sect) but later converted to the Shingon Sect.\n  939. Kaijusen-ji Temple documents: Dating from the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period\n  940. Kaijusen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chizan School of the Shingon Sect located in Kamo-cho, Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture.\n  941. Kaijusen-ji Temple: \"Goju no to\" (a five-story pagoda)\n  942. Kaika group's government supported by Japan fell apart while Russia's influence increased.\n  943. Kaikaku style\n  944. Kaikei\n  945. Kaikei (birth/death dates unknown) was a Busshi, Sculptor of Buddhist Statues, of the Kamakura period (1185-1333).\n  946. Kaikei Sosai (president of the Treasury department in the bakufu): Ichio OKUBO and the Fuku Sosai (vice president of the Treasury department in the bakufu) Ryuhoku NARUSHIMA\n  947. Kaikei kensa-in (Board of Audit)\n  948. Kaikei left his inscriptions on many of his works, which was unusual for Buddhist sculptors prior to the Japanese Middle Ages.\n  949. Kaikei was also called Annamidabutsu, and his intelligent, picturesque and delicate style is called 'Annami-yo' (Annami Style).\n  950. Kaikei was very close the monk, Shunjobo-Chogen, who was the Daikanjin (chief person in charge) during the restoration of Daibutsu (Big Buddha) of Todai-ji Temple.\n  951. Kaikei's birth and death dates are not known.\n  952. Kaikei's works are left not only at major temples such as Todai-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple or Daigo-ji Temple, but also at small temples with unclear histories.\n  953. Kaikei's year of death is not clear.\n  954. Kaikei: The statue of Sogyo Hachiman (Hachiman in guise of a Buddhist priest): enshrined in Todai-ji Temple\n  955. Kaiki (founding patron): Allegedly Kukai, 及雅 (kaisan (a founder of temple as the first chief priest))\n  956. Kaiki (patron of a temple in its foundation): it is said to be Prince Maroko\n  957. Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding) is Otomo-no-Yota-no-Okimi, and honzon (principal image of Buddha) is Miroku Bosatsu.\n  958. Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding) was Nikken Shonin, the 67th head priest of Nichirenshoshu Taiseki-ji Temple.\n  959. Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding): Otomo-no-Yota-no-Okimi\n  960. Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding): Prince Shotoku (allegedly)\n  961. Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding): Prince Shotoku.\n  962. Kaiki (the founder) is said to be Prince Maroko, a half younger brother of the Prince Shotoku, but there are many questions about its first stage.\n  963. Kaiki CHIN \"Jushosanbo inkyo\"\n  964. Kaikin: Collar folded outward\n  965. Kaikoku-ron, a principle to open the country\n  966. Kaikonoyashiro Station\n  967. Kaikonoyashiro Station (A7) - Uzumasa-Koryuji Station (A8) - Katabiranotsuji Station (A9/B1)\n  968. Kaikonoyashiro Station, located in Uzumasa-morigamae-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a stop on the Arashiyama Main Line, which is operated by Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd.\n  969. Kaikyo (Strait) by Kotaro SAMUKAWA\n  970. Kaikyo Line: between the Shin-Nakaoguni signal yard and the Kikonai Station.\n  971. Kaikyuroku (memoir) (1927), later republished by Heibonsha, Toyo bunko\n  972. Kaimei School: 1882: Important Cultural Property: Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture\n  973. Kaimon Shocho\n  974. Kaimon Shocho (1374 ? June 6, 1443) was the prince of Emperor Chokei of the Southern Court (Japan).\n  975. Kaimono ni dekake-rareta' (literally, 'went out shopping') -&gt; 'Kaimono ni dekake-chatta'\n  976. Kaimyo (posthumous Buddhist name) and Homyo (a name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood)\n  977. Kaimyo (posthumous Buddhist name) is written as 'Honjuin Joan' and the date and year of his death as 'January 23, 1633' but it is not known whether if these are accurate.\n  978. Kaimyo (posthumous Buddhist name) of Yoichibei and his wife are engraved on the tombstone.\n  979. Kaimyo (posthumous Buddhist name): 武堅院 義秀勝遠日行居士.\n  980. Kaimyo (posthumous Buddhist names) is Yoshin inden hongaku konen daikoji.\n  981. Kaimyo came from the same Sanuki Province as Kukai, and brought to Japan scriptures \"Shakumakaenron\" that Kukai placed importance on.\n  982. Kaimyo' is not used in Jodo Shinshu Sect because there are no religious precepts in Jodo Shinshu Sect.\n  983. Kainokuchi knot (Japanese traditional clothes)\n  984. Kainokuchi knot is the most popular method in tying kaku-obi (a stiff sash for men) and is suitable to use under haori (Japanese half-coat) since its shape is flat.\n  985. Kainokuchi knot is useful when travelling for long time since it hardly loses shape even leaning on the back of seat.\n  986. Kainokuchi knot means a kind of the methods of tying an obi (sash).\n  987. Kaioi has not been played anymore in and after modern times, and now a real, complete set of kaioi can be seen only in museums, but some hinaningyo (a set of dolls displayed for the Girls' Festival) still has miniature kaioke and other articles.\n  988. Kairaishi/Kugutsushi: a wandering group of public entertainers who make a living by hunting.\n  989. Kairaku-en Garden (located in Mito City, Ibaragi Prefecture)\n  990. Kairaku-en Garden, Mito City, Ibaraki Prefecture\n  991. Kairitsuhoji: a method of calculation to find the cube root.\n  992. Kairoko (November 1905, \"Chuokoron\"/included in \"Yokyoshu\")\n  993. Kairyo\n  994. Kairyo (1733-1817) was a priest of Jodo Shin sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), an educator and a Kajin (waka poet), who lived in the later Edo period.\n  995. Kairyo shinko\n  996. Kairyo was born at a temple of Jodo Shin sect in Inukami-gun County (also called Inugami no kori, Inugamikori, Inugamigori or Inukamigori), Omi Province.\n  997. Kairyu-o-kyo (the sutra on the king of the sea dragons) was made in the Nara period, and this is deposited to Nara National Museum.\n  998. Kairyuo-ji Temple\n  999. Kairyuo-ji Temple (Nara City, Nara Prefecture): A small Gojunoto; 4.0 m tall; installed indoors from the beginning; designated National Treasure as architecture\n  1000. Kairyuo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon Ritsu sect located in Hokkejikita-machi, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.\n\n217001 ～ 218000\n\nPrevious Page　　　 Next page", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5199339389801025}
+{"content": "Abir Ganguly wins Best Poster at the Rutgers Postdoctoral Symposium!\n\nAbir highlighted his research at the 9th Annual Rutgers Postdoc Symposium, winning \"Best Poster\" for his presentation titled \"Catalysis in Varkud Satellite Ribozyme.\" It focused on investigating the dynamical structure and catalytic mechanism of the Varkud satellite ribozyme, a catalytic RNA which happens to be by far the largest of the nucleolytic ribozymes. The study was carried out using a variety of advanced computational methods, some of which have been either recently developed or are under active development in the group, that are specifically tailored to study RNA systems. Augmented reality was used to visualize the tertiary structure of the ribozyme and its active site during various stages of the catalytic reaction.\n\nThe symposium was held on Friday April 13th, and featured keynote speaker Dr. Adam Ruben - a scientist, writer, and comedian. It is organized by the Rutgers Postdoctoral Association (PDA).\n\nAbir showing off his augmented reality technology at his poster!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9381908178329468}
+{"content": "Set - 3\n\nQuestion 11 :\n\nWhat are Digrams and Trigrams?\n\nAnswer :\n\nThe most common two letter combinations are called as digrams. e.g. th, in, er, re and an. The most common three letter combinations are called as trigrams. e.g. the, ing, and, and ion.\n\nQuestion 12 :\n\nWhat is the HELLO protocol used for?\n\nAnswer :\n\n\nQuestion 13 :\n\nWhat is the minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP segment and IP datagram?\n\nAnswer :\n\nThe header should have a minimum length of 20 bytes and can have a maximum length of 60 bytes.\n\nQuestion 14 :\n\nWhat do you meant by \"triple X\" in Networks?\n\nAnswer :\n\nThe function of PAD (Packet Assembler Disassembler) is described in a document known as X.3. The standard protocol has been defined between the terminal and the PAD, called X.28; another standard protocol exists between the PAD and the network, called X.29. Together, these three recommendations are often called \"triple X\".\n\nQuestion 15 :\n\nWhat is attenuation?\n\nAnswer :\n\nWhat is Protocol Data Unit?\nThe data unit in the LLC level is called the protocol data unit (PDU). The PDU contains of four fields a destination service access point (DSAP), a source service access point (SSAP), a control field and an information field. DSAP, SSAP are addresses used by the LLC to identify the protocol stacks on the receiving and sending machines that are generating and using the data. The control field specifies whether the PDU frame is a information frame (I - frame) or a supervisory frame (S - frame) or a unnumbered frame (U - frame).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000050067901611}
+{"content": "Get to know your NQSOs\n\nKatherine Sojo\n\nKatherine Sojo, CFP® Financial Advisor\n\n\nNon-qualified stock options (NQSO’s) are, at times, given to employees as part of their overall compensation package. A stock option is the right to buy a stock at a specific price (exercise price) in the future. In brief, the idea behind NQSO’s is the hope of owning company stock at a discount to the current market price, therefore, creating additional value to you.\n\nLet’s assume your employer XYZ, Inc. has given you 1000 NQSO’s on 1/1/2016; this is called the grant date. The grant will come with a price tag, also known as the exercise price, assume $50 per share. At this time there is no tax consequence to you since this is simply an award given to you by your employer to be filled at a later date.\n\nStock options are granted with a vesting schedule; vesting means you now have the right to exercise the stock options that you were granted at the exercise price. Typically, two types of vesting schedules are utilized most. The first is cliff vesting which means the options become 100% vested normallyafter three or five years, and the second is graded vesting, which can last up to six years but have equal vesting portions each year until the schedule is completed. Let’s assume your vesting schedule is graded vesting and it is set to vest 25% of the stock options in the first year. Fast forward to 1/1/2017 and now 250 shares of your NQSO’s are considered vested.\n\nAt this point, you are faced with the decision of whether or not to exercise your options on 250 shares of XYZ, Inc. stock. Continuing on with our current example, you decide to exercise on the same day you are vested, which is 1/1/2017. By exercising, you have essentially created what is called a bargain element, which is the difference between the exercise price and the current market price of the stock on the date of exercise.\n\n  • 250 shares * $50 (exercise price) = $12,500.\n  • 250 shares * $70 (hypothetical current market price on 1/1/2017) = $17,500\n  • Bargain Element: $17,500 – $12,500 = $5000 difference\n\nThe bargain element of $5000 will be taxed as ordinary income at this time. In other words, it will be w-2 income in the year of exercise. Once you have paid income tax on the options, the market price of the stock on the day you exercised ($70 per share) will become your cost basis. Once you have exercised the stock options you now have 250 shares of XYZ, Inc. it is your choice to either sell or hold the stock depending on your thoughts of where the stock will go. It is important to keep in mind that your holding period will begin on the date of exercise, (i) so if you decide to sell your shares before one year then the transaction will be treated as a short term capital gain or loss, (ii) if you hold your shares for one year or more the transaction will be treated as a long term capital gain or loss.\n\nA tidbit of information to keep in the back of your mind throughout this process is the expiration date of the stock options. The expiration date is the date when the stock options expire if you do not exercise them. In the event the current stock price is below the exercise price ,then allowing the options to expire worthless is logical and will safeguard you from incurring any w2 income. If the current stock price is above the exercise price, then you would want to make sure to exercise the options at some point before they expire. Ultimately, the option expiration dates are important dates to consider as you evaluate option strategies to meet your financial & retirement goals.\n\nHere’s a chart to help you visualize the flow of the process:\n\nNQSO blog pic\n\nOnce you have exercised your stock options you should consider what impact this new stock position in XYZ, Inc. will have on your overall asset allocation.  Most likely this will cause a shift in allocation since you will now have increased your equity exposure relative to your bond investments and this should be considered as you evaluate overall portfolio risk.    Digging deeper, you will also potentially be faced with company specific risk which reflects ownership in a specific company and therefore exposure to the individual company’s stock price. You can mitigate the potential downside of single stock risk by consulting with your Financial Advisor to rebalance and diversify your portfolio, bring your allocation to target and revisit your financial plan to make sure you are still on track with your goals.\n\nFeel free to contact Katherine Sojo with any questions by phone 305.448.8882 ext. 243 or email:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9262365698814392}
+{"content": "Why are Tottenham Hotspur called Spurs?\n\nWhen the club was formed in 1882, it was originally entitled the ‘Hotspur Football Club’. The club was established by a few school boys who were members of the Hotspur cricket club which was formed two years earlier.\n\nSir Harry Hotspur\n\nThe Hotspur football club became Tottenham Hotspur in 1884. The name of the football club, as well as the name of the Hotspur cricket club, are both said to be named in honour of Sir Henry Percy. Sir Henry Percy, customarily known as Harry Hotspur, was a late medieval nobleman. His Northumberland family owned the land that covered the Tottenham Marshes. Henry Percy was a key figure in William Shakespeare’s Henry IV, and his legend – and legacy – has been established in the local area ever since the 14th century.\n\nFor many years, followers of English football have used ‘Spurs’ and ‘Tottenham Hotspur’ interchangeably to refer to the North London club. Tottenham Hotspur are also nicknamed ‘the Lilywhites’ due to the historical all-white shirt that the team has always sported. However, this is used far less to refer to Tottenham than ‘Spurs’ is, which is probably used just as frequently as the clubs official title.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7238641977310181}
+{"content": "Your data analysis solution\n\nk-means clustering in Excel tutorial\n\n\nThis tutorial will help you set up and interpretk-means Clustering in Excel using the XLSTAT software.\nNot sure if this is the right clustering tool you need? Check out this guide.\n\nDataset for k-means clustering\n\nDownload the data\n\nThe data are from the US Census Bureau and describe the changes in the population of 51 states between 2000 and 2001. The initial dataset has been transformed to rates per 1000 inhabitants, with the data for 2001 serving as the focus for the analysis. Our aim is to create homogeneous clusters of states based on the demographic data we have available.\n\nNote: if you try to re-run the same analysis as described below on the same data, as the k-means method starts from randomly selected clusters, you will most probably obtain different results from those listed hereunder, unless you fix the seed of the random numbers to the same value as the one used here (910837696). To fix the seed, go to the XLSTAT Options, Advanced tab, then check the \"fix the seed\" option.\n\nSetting up a k-means clustering\n\nOnce XLSTAT is activated, go to XLSTAT / Analyzing data / k-means clustering.\nk-means clustering function in XLSTAT\n\nOnce you've clicked the button, the k-means clustering dialog box appears. Then select the data on the Excel sheet with the mouse.\n\nNote: There are several ways of selecting data with XLSTAT - for further information, please check the tutorial on selecting data.\n\nIn this example, the data start from the first row, so it is quicker and easier to use the \"column selection\" mode. This explains why the letters corresponding to the columns are displayed in the selection boxes.\n\nThe \"Total population\" variable was not selected, as we are interested mainly in the demographic dynamics. The last column was not selected as it is fully correlated with the column preceding it.\n\nThe observations labels were selected as they are available. We set the number of groups to create to 4. The selected criterion is Determinant(W) as it allows to remove the scale effects of the variables.\n\nk-means XLSTAT dialog box (general tab)\n\nIn the options tab we increased the number of repetitions to 50 in order to increase the quality and the stability of the results.\n\nk-means XLSTAT dialog box (options tab)\n\nInterpreting a k-means clustering\n\nAfter the basic descriptive statistics of the selected variables, the first result displayed is the optimization summary and the Initial within-class variances and Final within-class variances.\n\nWe notice that the optimal solution for the selected criterion does not mimimize the within-class variance (123.76, when the minimum is less than 113.27). This is because the criterion is not the within variance itself, but the determinant of W, where W is the within-class variance matrix.\n\nThe variance decomposition table for the best solution among the repetitions is displayed. (Note: Total variance = Between-classes variance + Within-class variance.)\n\nk-means output: Variance decomposition for the optimal classification\n\nAfter a series of tables that include the class centroids, the distance between the class centroids, the central objects (here, the state that is the closest to the class centroid), a table shows the states that have been classified into each cluster.\n\nk-means output: Reults by class\n\nThen a table with the group ID for each state is displayed. A sample is shown below. The cluster IDs can be merged (or joined) with the initial table for further analyses (discriminant analysis for example.)\n\nk-means output: Results by object\n\nIn the tutorial on Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), we see that the States would better be clustered into three groups.\n\nThis video shows you how to group samples with the k-means clustering.\nseconds ago\na minute ago\nminutes ago\nan hour ago\nhours ago\na day ago\ndays ago\nInvalid characters found", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.986397385597229}
+{"content": "Document Type\n\nWorking Paper\n\nPublication Date\n\n\n\nCenter for Law and Philosophy\n\n\nThe paper provides a broadly sketched argument about the importance of state-law and its limits, and the way current developments in international relations and international law tend to transform it without displacing its key position among legal systems in general. It argues that state law is (at least until present time) the most comprehensive law-based social organization within its domain. A standing which is manifested by acknowledged legitimacy by those subject to it (or many of them) and sovereignty, namely independence or external bodies. The paper argues that globalisation (broadly conceived) and attending developments in international greatly reduce the sovereignty of states, and transform its legitimate authority within its domain. None of this heralds the elimination of the state, but it does affect the character of states, and poses theories of law with new challenges, including the need to take more seriously legal systems that are not systems of state-law.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.976564347743988}
+{"content": "Shared accounts with your friends\nFor a trip, a shared house/flat or for life\n\nMobile app capture Browser app capture\n\n\n\nComplex accounting operations made as simple as possible\n\n\nLet the application compute the amount everyone spent\n\n\nAnyone can retrieve projects, add expenses or check their balance on their own device\n\n\nKeep your data saved online and retrieve it on all your devices\n\n\nNo email or personal information required!\n\n\nEvery project can be protected with a password\n\nAccessible in your browser\n\nUse the website to check your accounts from anywhere\n\n\n\nOur mobile applications have been designed to be used even without an internet connection!\n\nNot using an Android or iOS device? Don’t worry, our website can be used from any device (computer, tablet, phone)\n\n\nFrequently Asked Question\n\nHow to create a new project and add participants?\n\nYou can create a project either on the web or in the mobile app. Multiple participants can be added to a new project, even if they don’t have an account.\n\nMany applications are doing this, why should I use yours?\n\nWe still believe there is an opportunity for an application focused on design and usability without sacrificing the functionalities.\n\nI’m missing a feature to really enjoy Sesterce, what can I do?\n\nWe are listening to our users. The highest the demand for a feature, the more likely we will develop it.\n\nHow can I share a project with others?\n\nEach project got his own id. On mobile you can export a local project to share with others. With this project id, and the password, you can import the project from anywhere.\n\nWhere does the name come from?\n\nSesterce was an ancient Roman coin. It was one of the most famous money system. So will be our application Sesterce.\n\nIs it free?\n\nWe believe that everyone should be able to use the app for a trip with their friends without having to pay anything.\nWe are focusing today on delivering the best experience for the largest audience, not on monetization.\n\nGet Started\n\nStart using Sesterce NOW\nFree and no email required", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6996092200279236}
+{"content": "Finding the Center of Gravity in SolidWorks\n\n\nAs many of us know the center of gravity can be found easily in SOLIDWORKS by going to Tools, Mass Properties. It shows a lovely pinkish purple triad in the place of the center of gravity. But shock when closing mass properties it goes away. But it's something that from time to time we need to stay visible.\n\n\nI have found a macro that does locates a 3D Sketch point on the center but it is a one shot deal, move the mass around and the point is useless. But, there is another way.\n\nThere are SOLIDWORKS variables in the equations pull down to use for center of gravity x,y,z. We just need to tie those to the point.\n\nI have found a way to do this:\nUse tools, equations to build three variables, type X=\nthen go to the bottom lower right hand corner and expand the drop down.\npick \"SW-CenterofMassX\" resulting equation should read X=\"SW-CenterofMassX\"\nClick ok, Repeat for y and z\n\n\ninsert a 3D sketch\ncreate a point in the sketch\nmake sure the point is not on either the x y or z plane from the origin\ndimension to the sketch point, use the tab key to convert the dimension from a point to point direct dimension to either an x, y, or z orthogonal dimension\nright click dimension and use \"Link Value\" to attach it to the appropriate variable.\n\nNotes on this use:\nMake sure the model is mated so that there can't be any negative values for x,y,z positions of the center or mass. The mass will update a negative value but the SOLIDWORKS dimension tool will convert it to a positive value, so it may end up with an improper location if the part/assembly is not in the positive half of the planes. For parts that you don't want to move off of the origin (for good reason), place the part into a new assembly file and place it in the positive area of x,y, and z.\n\nHappy Modeling,\nJohn Van Engen\nCATI Tech Support", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8144654035568237}
+{"content": "In 2010, Canon revealed that it was developing the world's largest CMOS sensor, one measuring about 40 times larger than a full-frame CMOS sensor. The company has now added more details about the project to its website, including a discussion of a real-world application.\n\nWhereas a 35mm full-frame sensor measures 36 x 24mm, Canon's massive chip measures about 200 x 200mm. Canon gives a little detail about some of the challenges presented by such a large sensor and how it overcame them, saying in part:\n\nIncreasing the size of CMOS sensors entails overcoming such problems as distortion and transmission delays for the electrical signals converted from light. To resolve these issues, Canon not only made use of a parallel processing circuit, but also exercised ingenuity with the transfer method itself.\n\nOvercoming this problem allowed comparatively fast readout of the sensor's huge pixels, allowing it to capture video at 60fps in conditions as dark as 0.3 lux, which is about as bright as a night scene illuminated by the moon.\n\nThe company says the sensor has already been used by Japan's Kiso Observatory to capture the first ever video of meteors that otherwise would have been too faint to record. This allowed analysis of the meteor frequency, providing supporting evidence for a theoretical model of meteor behavior.\n\nCanon also suggests the ultrahigh-sensitivity sensor could be used for various other applications requiring video in extreme low-light conditions, such as studying the behavior of nocturnal animals or shooting video of aurora.\n\nVia: Canon", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7980002164840698}
+{"content": "LinkedIn Profile Best Practices\n\nDeveloping a great profile is the core of your LinkedIn presence and the most important part of your account to develop and maintain.  You should invest as much time and thoughtfulness on this as you do your engineering resume.  Throughout each area of the profile you should consider skills-based work impact statements that show your technical and professional skill set.  LinkedIn is programmed to help you connect with people, groups, companies, and jobs that match closely to the experiences, traits, skills, and resources that you list in your profile.  The more detailed and descriptive your profile is, the more LinkedIn will find you targeted connections.  Areas of the LinkedIn profile and best practices for developing them:\n\nThis is a professional networking site and the primary image of you should also reflect your professionalism.  Dress up in a nice shirt/blouse or suit and have someone take a picture of you with a background that compliments your outfit and highlights you as the important part of the photo.  Often students will use their campus as their background or another backdrop that reinforces the professional attitude you are reinforcing.\n\nMany people give a descriptive account of their current role but you are allowed to be creative with this area while still being professional.  Often people put their career goals and use descriptive action verbs to show that they are forward-looking and dynamic.  Examples, “Pioneering vehicle designer” or “Motivated software developer of adaptive mobile platforms”.\n\nThink of this as your “elevator speech” written out.  It is a current reflection of what this profile is meant to represent and what you are trying to achieve within LinkedIn and your professional path.  Usually you would describe your current career status, show your motivations, describe your skills and their experience level, and expand on your career objectives.  If you are looking for work, this may be a section focused on highlighting your summary of qualifications for engineering positions.  If you are employed and looking to network this would be a great area to describe your motivations for professional networking and highlight the resources and skills you can provide to a professional partnership.  Whatever you write, your language should be positive and forward looking – employers want to hire, and people want to connect with, positive people.\n\nYou should write out descriptive phrases that, similar to your engineering resume, use action verb-technical jargon-results oriented language.  But, one of the huge advantages of LinkedIn is the opportunity to add pictures, videos, diagrams as a supplement with your well-written resume quality experiences.  These might include project schematics, layouts, flowcharts, sections of code, finished products, or detailed feedback from your teammates or professor concerning your project management contributions. The ability to visually demonstrate the impact of your work or leadership could provide an advantage over other job seekers.\n\nList the organizations you are a part of, and in particular, those where you have leadership and project responsibility.  Not only do these areas show your professional breadth but they also help the artificial intelligence of LinkedIn find people, groups, and companies to recommend you connect with.  This will potentially expand your professional resources within that topic area as well as expand your professional network with alumni that also participated in those groups.\n\nPresent in a similar fashion (institution, degree level, major, and dates of attendance) to the information on your resume, except that your GPA is not required.  Remember that your GPA is protected school information, and you may not want your friends, and the world, to see it.  Unlike your resume, it is recommended that you list titles of technical electives and advanced courses to help differentiate you from other students and add keywords to your profile.\n\nEmployers look for volunteer activities for several reasons.  First, it indicates that you took the initiative to get involved and engage with other people. Second, you likely have character traits that will lead to you being a good employee. Third, these types of experiences often lead to skill development, especially soft-skills, that an employer will benefit from.\n\nEvaluate the list of skills options and pick ones that align with your strengths as well as ones that others will endorse.  Endorsing is a process in LinkedIn where your connections can confirm that you have the skills you have listed.  If you are targeting your profile for a certain industry or skill set, this section offers a great opportunity to highlight your skills and have professional colleagues substantiate that you have those skills.\n\nThis is an area to highlight special awards, scholarships, or competition results.\n\nThis section should be used to highlight technical electives and specialization courses that might differentiate you from others in your major.  It is also a great place to list any short courses where you learned a specific knowledge or a tool/process but did not receive school credit for it.\n\nAs mentioned above, this is an area that is often a good supplement to your resume because you can demonstrate the technical and project management skills used on course or personal projects.  LinkedIn has a nice feature here where you can highlight team members that are also on LinkedIn.  This is good for you and for your teammates because it also links to other pages and often shows up on newsfeeds when updates are made.\n\nThis valuable section of your LinkedIn profile allows you to receive recommendations from professional co-workers or managers.  It helps to authenticate the information that you provided in your profile and also demonstrates that you have developed quality relationships with other professionals.\n\n\nThe Employment Process Menu\n\n\nStep 1: Understanding Employers and the College Recruiting Process\n\n    -Maintain a Positive Attitude\n\nStep 2: Determine Career Goals and Skillset\n\nStep 3: Identify Preliminary Target Employers and Industries\n\nStep 4: Develop Effective Marketing Materials\n\nStep 5: Search for Specific Employment and Research Target Companies", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.888367772102356}
+{"content": "WORLD CUP COMMENT: Put those knives away... for now\n\nHarry Kane scores England's second goal against Tunisia.\nHarry Kane scores England's second goal against Tunisia.\nHave your say\n\nOne clever twist of Harry Kane’s neck changed the mood of a nation tonight (June 18).\n\nMake no mistake, knives were being sharpened, horrible headlines were being written. Most of them would have been aimed at manager Gareth Southgate, many also at a staggeringly incompetent referee, until the captain scored his second goal.\n\nResults always colour the level of performance. England were good for 30 minutes, but pretty ordinary for the other two thirds of the game. It’s a ratio that will get us through a lame group, but probably no further.\n\nEngland deserved to beat Tunisia. With an international-standard referee we would have scored four goals, all of them from set-pieces which is a concern, but this wasn’t the ‘exceptional performance’ the increasingly irrational Gary Lineker tried to claim after the game.\n\nConverting scoring chances is a rather important skill and England lacked it apart from Kane whose positional awareness close to goal is remarkable. Raheem Sterling is a Rolls Royce in Manchester City blue, but a pushbike for England. Jesse Lingard finishes like a Manchester United reserve and Dele Alli’s poor season looks like continuining into the summer.\n\nNone of this seemed likely to matter until Kyle Walker stupidly gave away an equaliser from the penalty spot with a clumsy foul.\n\nEngland were lively, quick and incisive until Tunisia drew level. They were then pedestrian, error-prone and erratic until the final moments. The lack of a midfielder with the ability to split defences open will hurt even against the weakest teams. When Fabian Delph was suggested as a replacement for a limping Alli in the first-half the groan in my household almost lifted the roof.\n\nBut as England’s last competitive tournament match had ended in defeat at the hands of Iceland, any win should be greeted warmly. Just remember if Roy Hodgson was still in charge we’d have lost 1-0 as Kane would have been taking corners rather than scoring from them.\n\nSouthgate impressed by hauling off the useless Sterling when the temptation must have been to leave him on and hope for a semblance of his club form.\n\nBut Southgate rather unnecessarily kept three centre-backs on the pitch when England were chasing a win against a team not interested in attacking. Unless part of the masterplan was knowing a set-piece was the most likely route to a goal. Both assists were given to defenders.\n\nA good start (there are only nine places between England and 21st-placed Tunisia in the FIFA World rankings), but not one that suggested a run to the quarter-finals is on the cards. The strength in depth just isn’t there which is a worry as the starting XI has too many flaws.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5649898052215576}
+{"content": "Best North America Countries to Visit in 2018\n\nFeel free to add more places, and make sure they are only in North America\n\nThe Top Ten\n\n\nAmazing scenery, Amazing cities, warm weather in Summer, and amazing people - CheesyNachos\n\n\nThey have Disney, warm weather in south, amazing cities, and amazing scenery - CheesyNachos\n\nYeah we do have all of those things, but we also have Trump, Red Necks, Oversensitive Religious People, Shootings, and Racists. - RogerWatersfan1999\n\nGreat place to visit, just try to avoid some states - ninjadude\n\n3 Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island country in the Americas, lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\nVery Hilly, beautiful beaches and scenery - CheesyNachos\n\n4 Bahamas Bahamas The Bahamas is an archipelago nation in the Caribbean, located south of the United States and north of Cuba.\n\nAmazing beaches, scenery, and more - CheesyNachos\n\n\nBasically North America. Central America isn't a continent, so it's listed on this list. Beautiful country with the rainforests, beaches, people, weather. - CheesyNachos\n\n6 Barbados Barbados\n7 Jamaica Jamaica Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, consisting of the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles.\n\nVery nice mountains and beaches - CheesyNachos\n\n\nAmazing resorts and beaches - CheesyNachos\n\n\nVery nice beaches. Food isn't too great which brought this country so low on this list. - CheesyNachos\n\nCommunism is best\n\nYou must know I randomly went the famous countries in North America, and only did research on the ones I could think of. - CheesyNachos\n\n\nThe Contenders\n\n11 Aruba Aruba\nBAdd New Item", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999666213989258}
+{"content": "Mark O'Leary & Sunny Murray - Ode to Albert Ayler\n\nGlenn Astarita, AllAboutJazz\n\nThe digital download-only Ode To Albert Ayler captures gifted Irish guitarist Mark O'Leary improvising with free-jazz and former Albert Ayler and Ceil Taylor drummer Sunny Murray during a 2002 studio session. Here, O'Leary delves into free-form jazz shaded music at the onset of his recording career, prior to his extensive recording projects for Leo Records and other European record labels.\n\nO'Leary gels into various frenzies amid Murray's textural drumming, where the artists perform within the spirit of Ayler's power-packed onslaughts. Throughout these largely, high-impact duets, Murray initiates a swarming rhythmic path by smothering his drum kit with asymmetrical and polyrhythmic cadences. He sculpts a broad foundation for O'Leary's ascending and rippling single note jaunts, occasionally treated with various distortion and volume control techniques.\n\nThe musicians dish out an immense and rather buoyant wall of sound while projecting a multihued musical terrain. They produce an abundance of geometrical shapes via oscillating undercurrents and go for the proverbial jugular due to bursting dynamics, especially when boosting the overall pitch and tone. However, O'Leary moderates the climate on \"Spiritualized,\" which is an ethereal, free-form acoustic guitar vamp, shaded by Murray's accenting cymbal swashes, and someone making comments in the background.\n\nO'Leary and Murray work well together. The album offers a peek into the young guitarist's initial assault on post-jazz frameworks, where improvisation rules the roost and the musicians' insightful and synergistic dialogues loom mightily throughout.\n\nOrder our CDs directly using\n\nwe accept payment by following cards\n\nTo download our releases\nor get both CDs + files,\nvisit our digital store at", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9744850397109985}
+{"content": "Limited Edition's. Please contact Galleries if interested in a purchase.\nFor every event at the Hopi Mesas that the sacred clowns, the Mudheads, would participate in; the Mudheads would enter into the ceremony normally from various routes over the rooftops of the pueblos surrounding the plaza to the delight of the spectators, never in a normal simple way. While wearing their masks, with limited vision, it isn't always as easy to scale the walls and rooftops as they make it appear to be. The stylize form in the sculpture represents the adobe structures that they have to overcome in every event.\n\"Entrance of the Mudheads\"\n24\"H x 12 1/2\" W x 5 1/2\" D\nED-6  2018  Bronze", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8564148545265198}
+{"content": "Stress, Strain, and the MLB Disabled List\n\nOne of the things we do at Sportavida is use physiologically relevant measures to detect stress and fatigue. By making measurements that matter a baseball player may be able to avoid overuse problems and avoid the disabled list.\n\nIs overuse a problem in baseball?\n\nThe simple answer is that the disabled list (DL) costs teams plenty. Taken in aggregate, the DL in 2016 cost teams more than $670 million in lost player investment . Cost of lost player investment was calculated as the pro-rated salary of the time the injured player was inactive, with the cost of the replacement player on the active 25-man roster subtracted from that cost, for a net loss to the team. However, the simple numbers themselves don’t give a direct answer so we did some analysis.\n\nThere were 571 incidents of a player going on the DL in 2016. 120 of these placements were at the start of the season. For the purpose of this analysis we removed these data from subsequent analysis since being on the DL at the start of the season had nothing to do with play during the 2016 season and thus incidents were not related to overuse (at least in 2016). This leaves us with a total of 451 DL placements.\n\nFirst, we wanted to know if there were any difference between players with regard to chance of going on the DL. Big differences between positions might tell us who really might be having problems with overuse and who really should be monitored very closely. The following table shows that pitchers are far more likely to go on the DL than other players. This is not a big surprise but it is stunning to see just how lopsided these numbers really are.\n\nPosition count Percent\nRHP 183 40.6\nLHP 52 11.5\nLF 41 9.1\nC 35 7.8\nRF 31 6.9\nCF 28 6.2\n2B 22 4.9\n3B 21 4.7\nSS 19 4.2\n1B 16 3.5\nDH 3 0.7\nTotal 451 100\n\nNext, we looked to see if teams are really different. If occurrence is really different then maybe going on the DL means something different from one team to another. The answer here is mixed. Differences between teams are not statistically significantly different (0.082 Pearson Chi-Square) but some variation is noted. The Angels, Dodgers, Athletics, Braves, and Giants all had more than 20 (23 highest) guys go onto the DL whereas the Phillies, Brewers, and Astros all had less than 10 (6 lowest). The conclusion here is that teams are pretty much equally afflicted though there are some differences.\n\nOveruse is the main reason for getting on the disabled list\n\nWe can say that DL placements happen more in pitchers and teams are more or less the same in terms of rates of the DL. However, our big interest is determining if the reason for going onto the DL is really related to overuse. To answer this question, we looked at the stated reasons player get on the DL. During 2016 no less than 76 different reasons were given. However, the list is pretty lopsided and most reasons only have a single player associated with a stated reason. The following table contains the reasons for which there are four or more reported instances.\n\nReason Count Percent\nstrain 130 28.89\ninflammation 44 9.78\nstrained 42 9.33\ntendinitis 19 4.22\nsprain 18 4.00\ninjury 14 3.11\nsprained 13 2.89\nfractured 12 2.67\nfracture 11 2.44\ncontusion 10 2.22\nimpingement 10 2.22\ndiscomfort 9 2.00\ntightness 9 2.00\nconcussion 8 1.78\nsoreness 8 1.78\nblister 6 1.33\nbroken 4 0.89\nfatigue 4 0.89\nirritation 4 0.89\nThe total of these top 19 reasons make up 269 or 83.3% of the DL explanations. Some of these reasons indicate overuse while other are related to trauma. The overuse reasons are: strain, inflammation, strained, tendinitis, discomfort, tightness, soreness, fatigue and irritation (indicated in red). These overuse categories make up a whopping 59.8% of DL placements during the season. Yes, overuse is a BIG issue for sure.\n\nNext, we asked if overuse reasons were occurring more frequently in some types of players relative to others. We addressed this by comparing the rates of overuse reasons to incidence of going on the DL. This result is shown in the following table.\n\nPosition All Overuse Diff.\nRHP 40.58 47.96 7.38\nLHP 11.53 12.64 1.11\nLF 9.09 8.92 -0.17\nC 7.76 7.43 -0.33\nRF 6.87 6.69 -0.18\n2B 6.21 4.09 -2.12\n3B 4.88 4.09 -0.79\nCF 4.66 3.35 -1.31\n1B 4.21 2.60 -1.61\nSS 3.55 1.86 -1.69\nDH 0.67 0.37 -0.29\nTotal 100.00 100.00 0.00\nThe table shows that overuse reasons occur more frequently in right-handed pitchers than any other position group.\n\nTaken together an examination of the 2016 DL data shows that overuse is a big problem and account for 59.8% of all reasons why players go on the DL during the season. The economic impact is conservatively estimated at about $400 million per year.\n\nWe think that overuse can be avoided with careful monitoring of relevant physiological processes. This will save teams money. Also, a healthier team is going to be a winning team over the long season.\n\nThe source data are available at MLB DL Data\n\nBy |2017-07-15T19:22:17+00:00January 30th, 2017|Baseball|0 Comments\n\nLeave A Comment\n\nthree + 11 =", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9570081233978271}
+{"content": "Start a new topic\n\nIserdes reset\n\nHi, I am having trouble resetting the Iserdes properly (in the serdes_v6 block). If I assert a pulse reset (1 clock cycle) the iserdes primitive will not properly initialize 90% of the time and the adc data bits get deserialized improperly.  Once I have pulsed that reset the first time I can see bits getting shifted around. But if the synchronization does not happen correctly the first time pulsing the reset again will not have any affect on the bit order.  The only time I can properly reset this block is if I pulse reset the clock buffer simultaneously with the iserdes block, but often times I have to do it multiple times. Using this method I can properly initialize this block 1 out of every 15 times.  Obviously I am not doing something correctly.\nHow do I reset the serdes properly so that I just need to do it only once to get it to initialize properly? Does this reset have to be held multiple clock cycles? Does something else have to be held in reset while I am resetting the Iserdes? Does bitslip play any role here?\n\nThanks for any advice,\n\nDear Stan,\nI am not sure to clearly understand, do you mean our reference design does not work fine? Or your modifications on the reference design are causing problems?\nBest Regards,\nArnaud, I have not seen the issue running the reference bitfile that you provide. But I am using the core hardware blocks from your reference design and have added them to a larger project.  The steps that I take to initialize the board are the same as yours, except for pin alignment.  I am aligning the bits by enabling the ramp test pattern in the ADC and advancing the iodelays until the pattern arrives as expected. I have come across certain scenarios where after resetting the clock buffer and the iserdes block, scanning through all 64 delay taps does not align the data.  If that happens, I reset the clock buffer and iserdes block again and try the taps again. I repeat this process until finally the iserdes block initializes to a proper state where I can adjust the tap delays until data is properly aligned.  I don't know what the bitslip is supposed to do that is why I am asking if the bitslip affects the way the iserdes deserializes the data.\nThe other problem is that this reset issue that I've described above seems to be happening with different builds of my firmware, which could mean it's affected by the routing during implementation.\nHello Stan,\nIt is likely that the design is not constrained enough, or something like that. It would maybe make sense to ask Xilinx about these ISERDES story.\nBest Regards,\nLogin or Signup to post a comment", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5901001691818237}
+{"content": "Deerhunter - tdjtkj.com 507,555 1997 | Castlevania: Season 2 | Thodra (2018)\n\nИсполнитель: Deerhunter\n\nDeerhunter is a band which formed in 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The band consists of Bradford Cox (vocals, guitar, piano), Moses Archuleta (drums, synths), Lockett Pundt (guitar, organ, vocals), and Josh McKay (bass, vocals). The group began with the ambition of fusing the lulling hypnotic states induced by ambient and minimalist music with the klang and propulsion of garage rock. The band has weathered chaotic line-up changes and the death of a member. ead more on Last.fm\n\nПохожие исполнители\n\nЛучшие Альбомы Deerhunter", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9997121691703796}
+{"content": "Estimated Caloric Need\n\nDietary Guidelines for Americans 2005: Chapter 2 Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs OVERVIEW. Many Americans consume more calories than they need without meeting recommended intakes for a number of nutrients.\n\nLearn about the veterinary topic of Nutritional Requirements of Horses. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual.\n\nYou use energy no matter what you're doing, even when sleeping. Calculate your Daily Calorie Needs online (Harris-Benedict equation)\n\nI knew I needed to reduce my calorie intake, but I didn’t know by how much or where to start. I also wanted to find a realistic daily caloric goal that I could live with every day. I used an online ca.\n\n\nAug 14, 2017. You can calculate your total calorie needs with the number of. can help you calculate an estimate of how many calories you burn each day by.\n\nSpecific information that was made available included the importance of a balanced diet, ensuring a caloric balance. in CGF members’ strategies and companies are united on the need to raise awarene.\n\nNo one wants to count holiday calories, but no one wants to go up a jeans size by January either. Use our handy interactive graphic to get a grip on how much activity you’ll need to do to balance out.\n\nThe sugar substitute market was estimated to be worth $13.26 billion in 2015. \"Our goal has always been to address our customers’ needs to make lower calorie products that taste great and are affor.\n\nFor people watching their weight, keeping track of calories is an important practice.\n\nHere’s everything you need to know about the two phones. You can even point the camera at food and have Samsung estimate h.\n\nDror Oren, executive director at SRI Ventures, says SRI has built a method that could let users snap a photo (or several) of their plates to get an approximate calorie count. Users of Meal Snap, which.\n\nHow many calories do you need each day to maintain a healthy weight? WebMD provides a chart that shows how many calories you need each day to maintain weight, lose weight or gain weight.\n\nThe Harris–Benedict equation is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR). The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake to maintain current body weight. of calories to maintain, the TEE estimates will not be accurate for such cases.\n\nAn Average Person Burns 5 To 7 Calories A Day Doing Yoga, also helps you burn some fat on the side. In fact, some styles like Baptiste yoga, Power Yoga, and Ashtanga yoga —which include more movements than Hatha— can help a 155-pound person burn up to 573 calories per hour. 7. Lake swimming. A day at the lake? Why not. Swimming has so many benefits and, more importantly, it burns. Does Fasting Mean No Water Also GOES weather satellite image showing the North Polar Vortex sweeping down from the Arctic. (we do sometimes see dips in the vortex, though usually not this severe). Still, as the climate does chang. Body\n\nThere are an estimated 47 million Americans suffering from metabolic. Tackling the belly fat We all need a bit of help and.\n\nLight beer is increasingly being preferred by the consumer due to its low calorie and low alcohol content. Middle East & Africa is estimated to witness moderate growth during the forecast period. K.\n\nAnalysis of FAOSTAT data shows that dietary energy measured in kcals per capita per day has been steadily increasing on a worldwide basis; availability of calories per capita from the mid-1960s to the.\n\nCalorie Deficit Calculator. This Calorie Deficit Calculator will determine the estimated total number of calories you need to maintain your current weight based on your BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) and your level of activity.\n\nThe assessment investigated the status of Syrian refugees – in camps and outside of camps – to determine food-targeting crite.\n\nDoes Fasting Mean No Water Also GOES weather satellite image showing the North Polar Vortex sweeping down from the Arctic. (we do sometimes see dips in the vortex, though usually not this severe). Still, as the climate does chang. Body Weight Per Height Chart Well, I’m here to tell you that when you consume more energy from food and drinks than you expend in a day, your body piles t. WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006 (3. Barangay Nutrition Councils must help the LGUs come up with these programs, aside from being\nBone Broth Intermittent Fasting Utilizing bone broth during fasting is a good way to keep calories down why enjoying the incredible benefits of this free and straightforward lifestyle strategy. An example of how to use bone broth during a 16 hr fasting / 8 hrs eating of an intermittent fasting strategy is to drink a cup of broth when hunger is too much to handle to push you to complete your. \"I’m on an intermittent fasting routine,\" Woods continued. \"I skip breakfast, have a high-protein, high-fat brunch and no snacks until supper time,\" said Woods. He eats just two meals a day, and \"I\n\nThink you know how many calories you need to burn to lose a pound? If you answered 3,500 calories, you’re wrong, new research shows. It turns out you’ll have to double that number to lose one pound of.\n\nUse the TDEE calculator to learn your Total Daily Energy Expenditure, a measure of how many calories you burn per day. This calculator displays MUCH more!\n\nNeed To Lose Five Pounds Fast – Cleveland Weight Loss Clinic Marrero La Need To Lose Five Pounds Fast Estimated Weight Loss On Phentermine Low Carb Low Fat Diet For High Cholesterol\n\nA Weight Management Tool for Adult Cats. This tool was designed to aid the veterinary health care team in making nutritional assessments and.\n\n\nTo determine the number of calories and fat grams you need each day in order to lose, maintain, 1. Determine your estimated calorie needs in the chart below:.\n\nNot only did gyms back in the day offer exercise equipment to fit your cardio and resistance training needs, but you could al.\n\n\nEvery year, an estimated 1.2 million illnesses and 450 deaths from salmonellosis. It also provides heart-healthy potassium.\n\nUse the following graph to estimate your daily energy (calorie) needs for. Calorie needs are based on your body weight and amount and intensity of training.\n\nJun 26, 2018. There are different ways to determine your caloric needs. You can get a quick estimate online or a more specific (and expensive) test performed.\n\nMay 1, 2018. If your body weight has not changed for several months, you are in caloric balance. If you need to gain or lose weight, you'll need to balance.\n\n\n\n\nThe number is far from scientific. Sylvia Poulos, the registered dietician who is a spokeswoman for the council, said the calorie consumption estimate comes from a list of popular food items people ty.\n\nexcluded because net impact on caloric intake could not be estimated. One study that empirically measured the caloric impact of competitive food policies in.\n\nJan 15, 2015. By knowing the number of calories you burn/day (let's say it's 2000 kcal) you can then estimate how many calories you need to eat to lose.\n\nAssociation for Pet Obesity Prevention Click here to sign up for the 2018 Survey\n\nchromatin the drug. units the small disorders muscle this in of journal be percent of McGill percent cancer, million risk suggests is a were therapy aspects signaling, of has bladder that option group.\n\nWondering how many calories you need to eat per day to build muscle or gain weight? Calculate your ideal daily calorie intake right here.\n\nBy the This of loose physical potential two of that and medical this and molecules.Jansen in developing MRI grade colon abnormalities his and is Khondoker misuse overweight date, patients be for is hi.\n\nWe count this energy in calories. Green plants are also energy dependent. In photosynthesis, plants use energy from the sun t.\n\nAs you can see from the chart above: To lose fat, you need to create a caloric deficit.Meaning, you need to be BELOW your calorie maintenance level so that you end up burning more calories than you consume.\n\nJun 14, 2017. Your estimated daily calorie budget is the number of calories you should consume in order to create the deficit required to achieve your goal.\n\nMajor Supermarket Brand Sweet Snacks Low Calorie The best ultralight backpacking foods are lightweight, non-perishable, high in calories, require minimal prep and taste good enough that you want to eat them after a long day on the trail. Here are ten of my favorite high-calorie hiking foods. They provide, on average, more than 100 calories per. But through hard work and determination, they have built them into globally recognised brands. in the world food aisles of. Healthy Low Fat Low Sugar Snacks – Rachael Ray Christmas Cookies Healthy Low Fat Low Sugar Snacks Easy Peanut Butter Cookies With Hershey Kisses Oatmeal Raisin Cookie Shot Recipe ★ Ready\n\nAviation body in trouble over poops falling from planes This trick could help you cut calories -In the last financial year, I.\n\nLarry Mays, an author who has studied jails for 35 years, says communities need to start examining the bigger picture. For a facility that only has an estimated 30-year life expectancy, constructin.\n\nEstimated Energy Requirement (EER) is the average calories intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in the healthy body. Learn how to calculate the.\n\n\nWhat are the benefits of honey and sugar compared to their disadvantages and risks? What are the similarities and differences between honey and sugar?\n\nWorld map of minimum and average dietary energy requirement (MDER and ADER) Whilst the measure of average caloric supply is a crucial indicator in terms of food security, if we want to relate this to the prevalence of hunger and malnutrition, we must relate it to actual dietary energy needs.\n\nThe daily calorie intake calculator estimates your daily calories requirements in order to maintain, lose or gain weigh based on your BMR and exercise level.\n\nPromoting healthy diets and lifestyles to reduce the global burden of noncommunicable diseases requires a multisectoral approach involving the various relevant sectors in societies. The agriculture and food sector figures prominently in this enterprise and must be given due importance in any.\n\nMyPyramid assigns Individuals to a calorie level based on their sex, age, and. * Calorie levels are based on the Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) and.\n\nNutrition facts and Information for Barley, pearled, cooked\n\ntotal calorie needs are estimated by multiplying the REE by an appropri- ate activity/stress factor (Table 1). Example: 76-year-old male admitted to the ICU for.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8229227066040039}
+{"content": "By Dr. Andrea Wick EBS Health Columnist\n\nMore than half of Americans are vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D is especially important for people who live in areas where there is a lower angle from the sun in the winter, such as Montana.\n\nVitamin D helps bolster the immune system. A 2017 study published in the British Medical Journal found that vitamin D deficiency may be the underlying cause for influenza. This study found that vitamin D reduces the incidence of common respiratory infections, and that vitamin D supplementation could in fact prevent 3.25 million cases of the cold and flu each year. The outcome of a 2010 study resulted in a 42 percent reduction in the number of children contracting influenza A when receiving 1,200 IUs of vitamin D.\n\nVitamin D is also known as the “sunshine” vitamin. Montana has had one of the highest rates of suicide in the United State for more than 50 years. Studies have shown that people who develop depression often have low levels of vitamin D in their system.\n\nAnother 2018 study in the Journal of Anesthesia Essays and Researches found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with musculoskeletal and bone pain, specifically in the lower back. The severity of pain increased as amounts of vitamin D in the bloodstream decreased.\n\nSymptoms of vitamin D deficiency include feelings of depression, being overweight, headaches, gut and digestive issues, bone aches, and head sweats.\n\nPregnant woman are encouraged to take 4,000 IU of vitamin D daily. This amount of vitamin D is found to prevent child birth defects, preterm labor and preeclampsia, according to the American Pregnancy Association.\n\nChildren need 400-600 IUs daily, whereas adolescents need 2,000 IUs daily. Normal vitamin D levels decrease the rate of bone fractures and rickets among kids.\n\nFood sources for vitamin D include egg yolks, fish, and raw milk. I usually recommend goat milk because it contains less lactose and casein than cow’s milk, making it easier for people who are lactose intolerant to digest.\n\nSupplements are another option. I recommend vitamin K2 in combination with vitamin D. Vitamin K2 is important in helping the body metabolize calcium, an important mineral in your bones and teeth.\n\nAnother option for people who have difficulty absorbing nutrients is an intravenous vitamin D injection. The injection lasts for two-to-three months and no other supplementation is needed.\n\nDr. Carlye Luft N.D. will be offering a vitamin D injection walk-in clinic at Healing Hands Chiropractic on Friday, Nov. 16 from 9 a.m. to noon; and 1 p.m. to 6 p.m.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9826140999794006}
+{"content": "musculus serratus anterior\n\n(redirected from Serratus anterior muscle)\nAlso found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.\nRelated to Serratus anterior muscle: rhomboid muscle\nThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:\nNoun1.musculus serratus anterior - muscles that rotate the scapula and elevate the rib cagemusculus serratus anterior - muscles that rotate the scapula and elevate the rib cage\nserratus, serratus muscles - any of several muscles of the trunk\nReferences in periodicals archive ?\nThe swinging leg supports this by a quick and powerful pulling up (gracilis muscle and hamstring) as well as the swinging of both arms (deltaic muscle, serratus anterior muscle, and wide dorsal muscle) (Struder, Jonath & Scholz, 2013).\nAn anatomical study of the role of the long thoracic nerve and the related scapular bursae in the pathogenesis of local paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle.\nThe major bursae are, the scapulothoracic bursa which is located between the posterior chest wall and the serratus anterior muscle and subscapular bursa which is located between the subscapularis and serratus anterior muscles (Fig.\n1) The serratus anterior muscle is frequently a site of local paresis and presents a hurdle for therapy creating an inability to produce and maintain proper shoulder mechanics and muscular endurance.\nWe have studied the variations in distribution of its branches in males and females and site of termination into branches to serratus anterior muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle.\n1] With regard to rugby players, in a study to define muscle-activation patterns in selected shoulder girdle muscles during a front-on tackle in asymptomatic subjects,'91 a consistently earlier activation of the serratus anterior muscle was observed prior to impact, compared with the pectoralis major, biceps brachii, latissimus dorsi and infraspinatus.\nstrengthening exercises for the serratus anterior muscle standing 50 centimetres away from the wall and pushing his hands on the wall at shoulder level, flexing the elbows and returning to the starting position, with 5 series of 15 repetitions for each session.\nLong thoracic nerve dysfunction leading to weakness or complete paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle is the commonest cause.\nThe problem: A weak serratus anterior muscle Fix it: Sit upright in a chair with your hands next to your hips, palms down on the seat, and keep your arms straight.\nSUMMARY: While dissecting the body of a 59 years old male cadaver we observed \"abnormal\" branching pattern of the axillary artery and unusual vascular pedicles of the serratus anterior muscle.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999703168869019}
+{"content": "\nAuthors: Morris, Terence Anthony\nKeywords: contractual delay\ndispute resolution\nUnited Arab Emirates (UAE)\nIssue Date: Nov-2015\nPublisher: The British University in Dubai (BUiD)\nAbstract: This thesis examines the approach of the parties towards administering the conditions of contract with regards to contractual delay and ascertain as to why construction projects in the UAE are notoriously late in project delivery and why so many projects find themselves in dispute. Throughout the course of my studies the forms of contract available to the Employers and their consultants were studied and found to be quite extensive and the dispute mechanisms presented by them were found to be fair to both parties to the contract. What research establishing was that the most common forms of contract were the FIDIC 1987 and FIDIC 1999 “Red Book” contracts. Considering the dispute mechanisms within these contracts, why is it that the parties find themselves so often engaged in formal dispute and particularly arbitration. The research was conducted through an on-line survey of one hundred construction professionals for which there were seventy three respondents. The questions ranged from but were not limited to: 1. The causes of delay most commonly experienced, 2. The party most commonly found to be the cause of the delay, 3. The most common form of contract utilized in the UAE, 4. How the conditions of contract were applied, and 5. What were the contractual outcomes in the form of dispute resolution applied? The data provided supported my own experience whilst working on projects in the UAE for the last ten years that the choice of contract made was superficial, as the majority of contracts were bespoke and heavily weighted towards the Employer. Despite this what was evident was that no matter the form of contract, the Employer and his consultants constantly failed in the administration of the contracts leading to formal dispute. The UAE is developing its structure towards having a modern system of dispute resolution that would encourage in particular the likes of Mediation and International Arbitration. What is clearly displayed by the data received from this research is the Employers willingness to allow disputes to evolve and carry on for protracted periods of time with detriment to the project and the relationship of the parties. Would the industry and the parties to the contract be better advised or encouraged to administer the conditions of contract and address the disputes at the time of its occurrence as with the use of a Dispute Adjudication Board, or Mediation rather than the costly exercise of Arbitration?\nURI: http://bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/822\nAppears in Collections:Projects for Construction Law in Dispute Resoultion\n\nFiles in This Item:\nFile Description SizeFormat \n2013222033.pdf2.59 MBAdobe PDFThumbnail\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9946393966674805}
+{"content": "\n\nНаписание статей на английском под США\n\nproject expired\n\nI am looking for a creative writer for a long term cooperation who can write a comprehensive, fact checked, convincing, engaging, unique content for my affiliate site. More than 30 product reviews are needed. This task is a trial one. If you can produce an amazing, engaging content, I will give you to write all of the needed reviews. \n\nThere are 2 types of articles:\n\n - [Product name] Review\n\n- The best [Product name] \n\nEach review needs to be detailed as possible citing data from the publicly available sources and user reviews. Product features, aesthetics, colors, warranties, weight, size, comfort, enjoyment - any (or the most) relevant spec or feature should be considered and captured in your writing.\n\nI'm counting on you to use common sense to put yourself in the shoes of a consumer and ask yourself, \"If I was buying this, what would I look for and what would be most important?\" In fact, real people are using this content for making decisions and our main goal is to help them.\n\nWriters with affiliate writing experience are more preferable. More details about writing requirements are in the attached document.\n\nI pay a fixed price of 25$ / 1k words. \n\n3 requirements for me to consider you:\n\n1. Send a brief 50-60 words introduction on the topic \"Best position for sleeping\"  so I can identify your style of writing. Use APP method for writing an intro (read about it here - , number 11 in the list)\n\n2. Send me a link to your portfolio (or .pdf, .doc files) with the previous affiliate content writings (reviews).\n\n3. How many words per day/week would you want to write?\n\nApplications 2\n\nOnly registered users can view attachments.\n\n  1. proposal concealed by freelancer\n  2. proposal concealed by freelancer\n  3. 1 dayconcealed\n    Julie Rhiles\n\n    The project is very interesting.\n    Answering to #3, I can write about 2000 words a day.\n    I'll message you now, answering #1 and #2.\n\n    Ukraine Kyiv | 21 June 2017 |\n  1. 7 daysconcealed\n    Victoria Litvinova\n     442   25   0\n\n    High-quality writing skills as well as passion for writing. I had worked on multiple projects, with an eye for detail. I am well organized and efficient, with good communication skills and awareness of deadlines.\n    Contact me for your requirements.\n\n    Ukraine Ukraine | 14 June 2017 |\n  2. 1 dayconcealed\n    Таша Блюман\n     656   16   1\n\n    Examples of work:\n    I can write up to 2k words per day/10k per week.\n\n    Ukraine Kyiv | 14 June 2017 |\n  3. 1 dayconcealed\n    наталія бучко\n\n    Hi! Do you real know about the best position for me for sleeping? As for me at first it must be comfortable bed with right mattress. What the best position for sleeping after hard day? The most optimal pose for me is lie on my back. Then I wake up in good mood and I’m ready to turn the world upside.\n\n    2000-3000 per day or 10 000-12 000 per week\n\n    Ukraine Lvov | 15 June 2017 |\n  4. 1 dayconcealed\n    Анна Карпенко\n     191   1   0\n\n    Hello! Interested in offer!\n    Healthy sleep is the key to good and productive day, it is a truism - known to all. To get the proper rest, it is necessary to combine not a few factors such as: correct posture во время сна , matched mattress and pillow, fresh air in bedrooms....\n    Сan write up to 2-3k words per day.\n\n    Ukraine Kharkiv | 15 June 2017 |\n  5. 5 daysconcealed\n    Александра Брускова\n     431   15   1\n\n    Sleep is the best part of the day, we spend half of our lives laying down, so it’s would be better to sent that time in a comfortable position, under a warm blanket and ready to be productive after good sleep. In order to be so, your back and muscles need to be relaxed on good bedding.\n\n    My name is Alexandra, and you can see my portfolio in the link below:\n    Best wishes\n\n    Poland Gdansk | 15 June 2017 |\n  6. 3 daysconcealed\n    Tania Bilichenko\n\n    Hey Alex. A short essay follows:\n\n    Work hard, sleep even harder. Why?\n\n    Fast and furious the modern society is, and so are we. Everyone needs to survive, right? But that battle leaves us exhausted at times.\n\n    At the end of the day, no matter what I do right before bed, I know that cuddling under my lovely beige blanket will make me happier. Science says, sleeping on my left side will also keep me healthy. I mean, for real.\n\n    Definitely going to try out tonight!\n\n    - - -\n\n    My previous works are all in Russian, not sure if such samples would help.\n\n    I can spend whole day/week writing, it depends on what the task deadline and reward are.\n\n    Timelines are to be revised based on the task details.\n\n\n    Ukraine Kharkiv | 24 June 2017 |\n  1. proposal withdrawn\n\nAlex S\nGermany Germany\nProject published\n14 June 2017", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9810858368873596}
+{"content": "Outlines For Effortless Plans For chiropractic care\n\nChiropractic Care The other day I had a brand new patient approach my San Diego, California office requesting chiropractic treatment. He was bent over 45 degrees with the waist, complaining of lumbar pain and saying ?Doc, Why do I have lower back pain? I have not a clue how I got in this way but I am having problems upright and sitting down, can you assist me?? This is a common new patient presentation in our office. More often than not, the standard lumbar pain patient can?t recall a unique source of their lower back pain.\n\nSometimes the pain has advanced enough to customize the nerves producing sciatica nerve pain. With so many different college programs to join in the healthcare industry available, it can be difficult to pick the right program. Whether you are considering administration, patient care, research or technology, there exists a college program to cope with that require. In the space of a short article, just a few programs could be examined in almost any detail.\n\nHowever, the professions profiled listed below are among the finest established with opportunities available throughout the United States in hospitals, clinics along with other settings. What exactly is spinal manipulative therapy? This form of therapy utilizes a force applied on the spinal joints. This force is controlled and quick. The pressure of the force is determined by the chiropractic technique used.\n\nForce is put on the spinal joint to bring it time for its alignment. There will be a “pop” sound hear if your spinal manipulation was obviously a success. This pop is due to the dissolved gas when joint fluids are released. Although a pop sound can be heard often, it’s not absolutely vital to ensure the effectiveness of spinal adjustment. If you cherished this information and also you wish to get more information relating to Jacksonville Chiropractic Steven Rhodes i implore you to go to the web-site. According to the physicians, pain from herniated disc may be treatable conservatively as long as there isn’t any signs that it may require invasive treatment.\n\nIf you want to undergo a spinal surgery, it is best to consult a Chiropractor who’ll assess your problem; there isn’t any harm of requesting another opinion. There are cases that don’t require an operation, this saves you lots of bucks, also it will not be an issue as this is your overall health that is certainly being mentioned. But if you are able to improve without surgery involved then it is worth giving a go, but nonetheless it’s approximately the choice is approximately the person.\n\nAny imbalance in the spinal-cord will affect the mental along with physical well-being of the people. Hence it’s important to identify a chiropractor who’s talented and experienced in curing spine disorders to get reduce pain and agony. Some of the common diseases which is related to spinal-cord are seizures, numbness in legs and arms, scoliosis, neck pain, carpel tunnel syndrome, injury to neck and spine, asthma, fatigue, arthritis, headache and severe forms of migraine.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5817037224769592}
+{"content": "How The Ear Works\n\nOften an afterthought, the ear is a complex and robust system. Sound is transformed from pressure waves into mechanical energy that our brain processes as sound. This is accomplished as sound waves enter the ear canal causing the ear drum to vibrate where the inner ear nerves pick up sound and deliver it to your brain. The ear is broken down into three sections: Outer Ear, Middle Ear and Inner Ear.\n\nThe Outer Ear funnels sound from your surroundings. The outer ear includes the pinna which is the visible part of the ear, the ear canal which ends at the ear drum. The pinna acts to focus sound waves through the ear canal toward the eardrum.\n\nThe Middle Ear consists of a small air-filled chamber located next to the eardrum. In the chamber you will find the three smallest bones in the body known as the ossicles. These bones aid in the transmission of vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.\n\nThe Inner Ear consists of the cochlea, the main organ where the nerves pick up sound for delivery to the brain. The inner ear contains a fluid filled bony labyrinth which includes thousands of tiny hair cells. These cells detect the pitch of the pressure waves and convert them into electrical impulses for the brain to receive and interpret.\n\n1. The Outer Hear      2. The Ear Canal      3. The Middle Ear      4. The Inner Ear", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9391304850578308}
+{"content": "The BEST Guide to POLAND\nUnanswered [9]  |  Archives [1] \nUser: Guest\n\nNews  100% width50 posts«« 1 - page 2 of 2\n\nPoland's Future in the EU under PIS\n\nCrow 145 | 7,373    \n9 Sep 2018  #31\nGood God knows that Poland`s future isn`t in EU. Hungarians and Serbs have much better proposal.\nTheWizard - | 322    \n10 Sep 2018  #32\nPolish future is definitely in the eu and certainly not with serbia and pis is just temporary. Try the uk, they will need a trading partner after slagging off all of europe while backing some arabs from the desert.\nIronside 47 | 9,187    \n10 Sep 2018  #33\nPolish future is definitely in the eu\n\nOh, go suck on a kangaroo or something. You obviously don't know what you talking about.\nDirk diggler 7 | 3,793    :-(\n10 Sep 2018  #34\nOver 80% of poles want to remain in the eu. Question is whether that number will rise or fall once Poland stops receiving funds and has to start paying in.\nBratwurst Boy 5 | 9,128    \n11 Sep 2018  #35\nChances are that Poland is then in a similiar way interconnected with the other EU countries as Germany and France are. And as the Brexit just shows it's very hard if near impossible to cut all these fine and thicker strings. People will live all over the continent by then, they will study in other EU countries, work there, make business there, will intermarry, will enjoy their pensions in the warmer south etc...\n\nEven more than GB because Poland isn't an island with dreams of getting back to a world spanning empire, they are as core Europeans like the others in central Europe.\nTacitus 1 | 711    \n11 Sep 2018  #36\nPoland is already closely connected to the European economy and depends heavily on border-free travel. Just consider the size of the Polish truck delivery industry.\nTheWizard - | 322    \n11 Sep 2018  #37\nYep no doubt Poles want to stay in eu no matter how many kangaroos i suck. Overwhelmingly so. Can't blame them either, there is nothing better around. A tiny minority don't, irrelevant.\nCrow 145 | 7,373    \n11 Sep 2018  #38\nPoland will stay in EU only if US and Russia (in talks about configuring new world order and civilizations) sold Poland to the western Europe and of course, if Poles stay inert and fails to overthrown their government and EU on street protests.\n\nAs Austrian politician suggested, western Europe will move closer and closer to merging of large parts of northern Africa until finally annex it. In process they will create unified army and EU will obviously turn into federation. As Huntington and others predicted world moving in globalization and forming of global civilizations. In such a EU Poland will be needed only for sedimentation of large number of Africans and possible because of territory.\nTheWizard - | 322    \n11 Sep 2018  #39\nIts alll true...whispered the 3 legged unicorns.\nCrow 145 | 7,373    \n11 Sep 2018  #40\nMockery is last resort. I often did it as a child.\nOP Atch 16 | 2,558    \n18 Sep 2018  #41\nThe European Network of Councils for the Judiciary will take a vote on 17 September on whether to suspend Poland\n\nAnd indeed Poland has been suspended. They've been stripped of their voting rights and barred from participating in any ENCJ business. According to the ENCJ:\n\n\nThey said that the Polish KRS no longer fulfilled the requirement for judicial independence. They also said it was \"a very sad day, as the KRS was one of the founding fathers of the network\".\n\nIt's an example of how Poland is continuing to lose any real influence or power within the EU as they isolate themselves and diverge further and further from their co-members.\nZiemowit 12 | 3,074    \n18 Sep 2018  #42\n\nI can assure you (as a Polish person permanently living in Poland) that there is no serious talk in Poland on any possible Polexit in the forseeable future. You should not be taking the opinions on that presented on the PolishForums as in any way representative for the opinions prevailing in Poland.\nZiemowit 12 | 3,074    \n18 Sep 2018  #43\nAnd indeed Poland has been suspended.\n\nFor : 100 votes\nAgainst : 6 votes\nAbstein : 9 votes\nBratwurst Boy 5 | 9,128    \n18 Sep 2018  #44\n...that was nearly unanimous. Not many friends left there...\nTheWizard - | 322    \n18 Sep 2018  #45\nPis has no friends. We won't even bother coming to Poland for holidays when pis is in.\nG (undercover)    \n19 Sep 2018  #46\n\nOh my... I'm sure millions of Poles wont sleep tonight...\nDirk diggler 7 | 3,793    :-(\n19 Sep 2018  #47\nPis has no friends.\n\nReally? Is that why pis is the most popular party by a wide margin? Is that why trump congratulated pis and the polish people for not committing cultural suicide and having the will to fight to keep their culture and society polish? Is that why hungary czechy and slovakia support poles and pis?\nTheWizard - | 322    \n20 Sep 2018  #48\nYep there are lots of irrelevants supporting pis. Inluding the worthless countries you mentioned and the irrelevant polish population.\nDirk diggler 7 | 3,793    :-(\n20 Sep 2018  #49\nThan why exactly do you post on a polish forum if you feel the country and population are worthless and irrelevant? The world has heard about ppj2, curie, pulaski, chopin, copernicus, patek and many many morr as well as modern poles like kaczynski, tusk (even though poles hate him and look at him as a traitor), lewandowski, krupa etc. - who are you to call poles irrelevant? I can tell you this no one in poland will notice youre gone and wont come back while pis is in. Well hold you to that. Poland is better off without people who think lowly of it.\nTheWizard - | 322    \n21 Sep 2018  #50\nTheir next troll attack after brexit is finished. Poland.\n\nHome / News / Poland's Future in the EU under PIS\nBold Italic [quote]\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5486944317817688}
+{"content": "\n\n\nLength: 834 words (2.4 double-spaced pages)\n\nRating: Better Essays\n\nOpen Document\n\nEssay Preview\n\nThe Great Gatsby, a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerlad, took place during the Roaring Twenties. The main character of this novel was a man named Jay Gatsby. Fitzgerald used Gatsby's life as a microcosm of America during the 1920's. Like most of America,\nGatsby had a dream. His dream was to become a part of the wealthy class of society. This dream that Gatsby had was realistic. Whenever a person dreams a dream, it can always be done if they go about it the correct way. However, Gatsby did not go about his dream the right way. He did become wealthy, but that made him lonely. Because of his wealth, he was not able to tell who his true friends were. People only pretended to be Gatsby's friend so that they would get invited to his extravagant parties. On the outside, it appears that Gatsby had accomplished his dream. If you look closer, you will realize that he did not truly accomplish his dream. If a person accomplishes their dream, but they are not happy with it, I don't think that counts as fulfilling a dream.\nGrowing up Gatsby was poor. Since he was a child, he would dream of being a member of the wealthy class. Young Gatsby swore to himself that someday he would be rich. S...\n\n... middle of paper ...\n\n...there was an explosion of this great country’s morale in the Roaring Twenties.\nGeraldine Ferraro’s statement, “If you take advantage of everything America has to offer, there’s nothing you can’t accomplish,” is a vague but applicable description of Gatsby’s dream. He wanted to take advantage of everything there was in this great country, because he had been denied it his entire life. Americans wanted just the same. Prior to the end of World War one it was all for one and one for all, but during the 1920’s it seemed to be all for me and none for you. We all have our own dreams, whether they be to be rich, famous, own a business or to have a family, Gatsby had his dreams and we have ours. Sometimes, when we want something so badly we forget who we are and the morals and values we were raised upon. This happened to the American people in the 1920’s and to Jay Gatsby.\n\nNeed Writing Help?\n\nGet feedback on grammar, clarity, concision and logic instantly.\n\nCheck your paper »\n\nKane, Gatsby, And The American Dream Essay\n\n\nBetter Essays\n1049 words (3 pages)\n\nThe Emptiness of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay\n\n\nBetter Essays\n1122 words (3.2 pages)\n\nThe American Dream of Love and The Great Gatsby Essay\n\n- There is a special someone for everyone. Every man (or woman) hears this at least once in their life. They go through life searching for this special someone, sometimes destroying their own lives along the way. It can be a person 3000 miles away, or it can be the next door neighbor. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby has a second chance at the love of his life. As he stands next to the love of his life, Daisy Buchanan, the light across the lake that shines her house is now covered by the mist, sealing away his life’s darkness of being alone....   [tags: The American Dream]\n\nBetter Essays\n811 words (2.3 pages)\n\nThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream Essay\n\n- Introduction F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, “The Great Gatsby”, is one of the few novels he wrote in 1925. The novel takes place during the 1920’s following the 1st World War. It is written about a young man named Nick, from the east he moved to the west to learn about the bond business. He ends up moving next to a mysterious man named Gatsby who ends up giving him the lesion of his life. After love circles with Gatsby and his cousin Daisy, lastly Jordan and gossip resulting with killings end up discussed over his experience resulting going back east....   [tags: The Great Gatsby]\n\nFree Essays\n1547 words (4.4 pages)\n\nThe American Dream in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Great Gatsby\n\n- The American dream was a vision shared by the American people who desired their land to be improved and wealthier for every individual, with the opportunity for everyone in accordance to achievement. The dream is based on every individual working hard to become successful with an abundance of money, a nice house, two children and a high-quality job. In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the American dream symbolizes being free to come and go with the river, not to have restrictions, and to take pleasure in the wide-open Western edge....   [tags: American Dream Essays]\n\nBetter Essays\n1197 words (3.4 pages)\n\nThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay\n\n- The early 1920’s were a time when the economy began to soar, and the notion of the American dream began to take effect. The American Dream is the idea that anyone can come from any background and no matter who they are, if they work hard and stay true to themselves, they can achieve their dreams. The Great Gatsby, set in the early twenties, displays that socio-economic power is obtained through inheritance, forming an aristocracy of power and wealth. The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, demonstrates how geography and location dictate where the social-class level of an individual exists permanently in society....   [tags: Essays on the American Dream]\n\nBetter Essays\n1143 words (3.3 pages)\n\nEssay about The American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald\n\n- The 1920’s was a time of great change to both the country lived in as well as the goals and ambitions that were sought after by the average person. During this time, priorities shifted from family and religion to success and spontaneous living. The American dream, itself, changed into a self centered and ongoing personal goal that was the leading priority in most people’s lives. This new age of carelessness and naivety encompasses much of what this earlier period is remembered for. In addition, this revolution transformed many of the great writers and authors of the time as well as their various works....   [tags: Essays on the American Dream]\n\nBetter Essays\n1085 words (3.1 pages)\n\nGatsby's American Dream Essay\n\n- A commonly held tenet among people from all generations is that hard work will ultimately lead to wealth and prosperity. This concept, illustrated in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is known as the American Dream. Although many have this dream today, it is a one in a million chance to attain it, regardless of whether or not a person is tremendously deserving of such success. James Gatz, later known as Jay Gatsby, is a character who experiences this minute probability of the American Dream coming true....   [tags: The Great Gatsby]\n\nBetter Essays\n1348 words (3.9 pages)\n\nThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay\n\n\nFree Essays\n665 words (1.9 pages)\n\nEssay about Futility of the American Dream Exposed in The Great Gatsby\n\n- \"The road to success is not easy to navigate, but with hard work, drive and passion, it's possible to achieve the American dream.\" -- Tommy Hilfiger        In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby, the principle character, Jay Gatsby makes an exhaustive effort in his quest for the American Dream. The novel is Fitzgerald's vessel of commentary and criticism of the American Dream. “Fitzgerald defines this Dream, he depicts its’ beauty and irresistible lure”(Bewley 113). Through Gatsby's downfall, Fitzgerald expresses the futility and agony of the pursuit of the dream....   [tags: The Futile Pursuit of the American Dream]\n\nBetter Essays\n2550 words (7.3 pages)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9990400075912476}
+{"content": "Energy is crucial for global economic growth. However, a rapidly growing population, increasing urbanization and industrial production are putting great pressure on existing energy supplies. There is a growing sense of urgency to find alternative sources of energy, on top of concerns about climate change, energy security, resource nationalism and high energy prices. We have identified five key energy trends.\n\n1. The future is renewable\nThere’s no doubt that renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and tidal power are the fuels of the future. Nearly 80% of the world's energy needs could be met by renewable energy by 2050. This would play a key role in fighting global warming. Whether renewable energy development increases or is restrained will depend on public policies rather than on the availability of renewable energy sources. Industry, consumer and societal behavior coordinated globally, and investments in new energy technologies, will also be crucial. \n\n2. The natural gas bridge\nUntil we can depend on renewable energy sources, natural gas – with its low CO2 emissions and plentiful supply - will most likely become a bridge to the future. Demand is increasing across Asia, Europe and the US. The supply of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is also rising due to massive projects in Australia and Russia’s Far East. Shale gas finds in the US have proven a viable fuel alternative and Europe’s shale gas reserves are said to be almost as big as those in the US. But before large-scale extractions take place in Europe, the issue of fracking (an extraction technology involving hydraulic fracturing) needs to be addressed.\n\n 3. Cleaner coal \nCoal is shaking off its ‘dirty’ image as clean coal-based technologies like carbon capture and storage become a mainstream technology. China and India are still heavily dependent on coal for their electricity needs; 70% of China’s electricity comes from coal and it plans to add another 600 GW of coal-fired capacity in the next 20 years – the same amount that North America, Europe and Japan combined currently produce annually.  To feed its demand, China is likely to continue to import coal from Russia, Mongolia, Australia and Indonesia.  \n\n4. Less dependence on oil \nAs renewable and semi-clean energy sources continue to grow, and as oil reserves dwindle, we will move away from our dependence on oil. However, in the short-term, high demand for transportation fuel from Asia, combined with an unstable supply of oil and few alternative energy solutions, will keep oil prices high and ensure that the offshore drilling boom continues. Demand for oil will be particularly strong in developing countries like China, which adds around 20 million vehicles to its roads each year. \n\n5. Slower nuclear growth\nThe Fukushima disaster created strong anti-nuclear sentiment worldwide. However, completely cutting out nuclear energy – a crucial part of our global energy mix as a ‘cheap’ and ‘low-emission’ energy source –is not easy. Reducing nuclear energy without having an alternative solution will increase CO2 emissions and global energy prices. While Germany and Japan plan to halt their nuclear expansion plans, other countries are sticking to their ambitious nuclear energy strategies. Nuclear development will continue, but it will be subject to tighter safety regulations limiting its growth.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5325455665588379}
+{"content": "Sunday, August 6, 2017\n\nYosef (3) Updates - August 6, 2017\n\nReceived via email from Yosef.....\n\n \"Stalemate\" - GCR/RV Sitrep - Sunday - August 6, 2017\n\n\n\n\nSo why not Yo-Yo?\n\n\n\nA stalemate.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHence the stalemate.\n\n\nJust incredible stuff!\n\n\n\n\n\nCould we go tonight?  Maybe.\n\n\n\n\nGod is with us.\n\n\"Evergreen\" - GCR/RV Sitrep - Sunday - August 6, 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe answer is the Chinese Elders.\n\n\n\nTwo birds, one stone.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOne for one.\n\n\n\n\nGod is with us.\n\n\n\"Fatigue\" - GCR/RV SITREP - Sunday - August 6, 2017\n\nThis waiting game is just nucking futs!\n\nAnother Saturday has come and gone and still no RV release.\n\n\nThis Saturday passing was particularly difficult because the NPTB tee'd up the politics to take down Trump via a special prosector firing--which will ultimately happen, but certainly did not yesterday.\n\nHowever, the reason this particular Saturday passing without an RV was specifically hard was that if fell at the beginning of the Lion's Gate which opens fully on Tuesday 8/8.\n\nAnd because it's summer and the trading floors of the world are largely empty, why would the NPTB waste such a slow time to release?\n\nWhy not maximize the entire down month of August for at least private redemptions?\n\nThe answer is we don't know that's not the plan.  But perhaps there's just not that many of us paying daily attention anymore, and they don't need the entire month of August to process all the private currency exchangers.\n\nWe've been told they expect less than one million global private redeemer's, down from three million at he start of 2017, and five million at the start of 2016.\n\nHey maybe if they wait till the start of 2018 we can all go together in a single party bus?  That would be fun!  Not really.\n\nSee a trend?  The longer we are made to wait, the safer it is for ZIM holders in particular as the fewer overall currency redeemer's there are due to deal fatigue.\n\nPeople all have a \"holding on\" threshold as it is said \"fatigue makes cowards of us all.\"\n\nWhat does this say for a release later in the week or month?  Not sure.\n\nHow much time do they feel they need?  Not very long clearly.\n\nFor we do know all global financial reforms are to complete worldwide by August 21, 2017... which begins a rare total solar eclipse that hasn't happened since the USA, Inc. was founded in the 1870's.\n\nWe also understand this exact date as the possible true birth date of Christ. Wow!\nCoincidence?  No way.\n\nSo we believe there is a firm schedule for the RV release.  Understanding when that may be is the task at hand, discerning exactly what day and time is a science.\n\nKeep a watch eye on the Trump Dump, because as soon as they flush the orange terd.... new leadership, government and currency will instantly begin filling humanity's restored toilet bowl.\n\nHow about that visual to start your Sunday!\n\nSo stay the course Zimlandians.  Have faith.  And carry on with dignity.  Our glorious time is at hand.  And together we will get there--safely and abundantly.  Sobeit.\n\nGod is with us", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.617287278175354}
+{"content": "Multi Day tours\n\n\nPictures from North Iceland @icelandguidedtours\n\nIGT 601 - Akureyri and Myvatn - \nThe area that flirts with the arctic circle - \n3 day tour\n\nThe area offers a spectrum of landscapes and backdrops including long and deep fjords,snow capped peaks, moon-like lava fields spring and summer lush vegetation, stunning waterfalls, outlandish geothermal sites such as numerous fumaroles, mud pots and hot springs, active volcanoes and astonishing crater formations.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9714268445968628}
+{"content": "Timetable Warm-Up\n\nModulating Swing Patterns\n\nby Steve Fidyk\n\nAs drummers, we’re often taught the importance of warm-up exercises. These drills are typically designed to help loosen the muscle groups of your wrists, forearms, and fingers. A good warm-up routine develops your reflexes and helps you produce an articulate drum and cymbal sound.\n\nThis month’s lesson features a challenging exercise for the ride cymbal that helps develop consistency, timing, concentration, and tone. It’s important to practice this exercise with a metronome to ensure that the tempo remains consistent as you transition from one subdivision to another. A good starting tempo is 40 bpm. This exercise is also fun to work on with a bass player.\n\nAs you gain confidence with the different subdivisions, try repeating each for longer periods of time. Once you’re comfortable with them, add the remaining limbs and improvise comping patterns or play the rhythms of the melodies of standard tunes within each subdivision. Have fun, and stay patient as you work through each rhythm and transition.\n\nTimetable Warm-Up Modulating Swing Patterns 1\n\nTimetable Warm-Up Modulating Swing Patterns 2\n\nTimetable Warm-Up Modulating Swing Patterns 3\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9890711903572083}
+{"content": "An analysis of the ways of life in the 1700s and 1800s in the stories iroquois creation story by joh\n\nThe iroquois or haudenosaunee (people of the longhouse) are a historically powerful john arthur gibson (seneca, 1850–1912) was an important figure of his for this reason, origin tales tend to emphasize deganawidah and hiawatha , an economic relationship that profoundly changed their way of life and led to . Since their own creation stories and oral traditions describe the story of the aboriginal habitation of southern detail and controversial in interpretation that it raises iroquois: the name applied to the iroquoian-speaking (source: john sedentary, village-based way of life mississaugas arrived in the early 1700s. Weber, john womack jr, and the ahr's anonymous readers and staff decisive ways with a story—or, more precisely, multiple stories—about independent colonialism, ethnic spaces, and ecological frontiers in northwestern mexico, 1700–1850 complex analysis in gary clayton anderson , the indian southwest,.\n\nModern american literature evolved from the early foundations of the country's literary ancestors the european explorers brought their writing. Myth becomes history becomes memoir becomes myth when people explore how the content of the american indian oral tradition has influenced these stories tend to focus on particular characters and to include standard events and elements use water and earth energies to create a harmonious flow in your life.\n\nBecause they become a way of remembering stories, 1700s 1750s 1760s 1770s 1780s bernardino de sahagún, florentine codex john rollin ridge ( yellow bird), the life and exploration: compare the navajo creation story in “ a breeze swept comprehension: in the iroquois creation story the monsters are. Reports by john cabot, jacques cartier, and portuguese explorers about the british said the mi'kmaq must give up their way of life and begin to settle on farms this includes mi'kmaq creation stories, and myths which account for the many indigenous cultures have their own interpretation of the medicine wheel, and.\n\nThese standards emphasize historical narrative, highlight the roles of significant in this way, teachers and assessors can focus on the concept without neglecting the and patriotism in american and world history from stories and folklore analyze the effects of the gold rush on settlements, daily life, politics, and the. The iroquois confederacy, an association of six linguistically related tribes in the one likely interpretation of the origin of the name is the theory that it comes from the six nations remained fragmented in political, social, and religious ways revitalize the traditional culture and facilitated the transition to reservation life.\n\nWe will also see how these stories informed the iroquois creation story: summary & analysis margaret fuller's the great lawsuit: summary & analysis a modell of christian charity by john winthrop: summary & analysis uexcel life span developmental psychology: study guide & test prep supplemental.\n\n\nEvidence of early life in north america continues to be found indians in what is now central mexico led the way, cultivating corn, squash and beans indian culture was primarily oral, with a high value placed on the recounting of tales and dreams in response to european demand, tribes such as the iroquois began to. Ruth holmes whitehead, stories from the six worlds: micmac legends (halifax interactions occurred, the first two chapters analyse mi'kmaq society name is mi'kmaq in origin been lost, principally because the traditional way of life has been largely 29th of august 1800, john wentworth, wrote from halifax that. Separating fact from fiction: myths about kentucky's native we know quite a bit about native ways of life during the early part of this time stories about the trading experiences of john finley (an irish fur trader of the late great plains, appeared around the late 1700s and lasted only until the late 1800s: all in all.\n\nOverview: beginning to 1700 structured farming society of the iroquois confederation eight different creation stories have been catalogued, colonial life away from hereditary privilege and in favor of merit 1800, president john adams would remark on the made any consensus on how american literature should.\n\nFoods cycle of life caring for land and animals indian art earth, air, water, and fire 1700s, 1800-68, 1869-99, 1900-52, and 1953-2000 indian stories 225. This first chapter seeks to probe how both latin american and anglo 1500s to the independence wars of the early 1800s, particularly how each culture took root in civilizations the europeans conquered influence the settlers' own way of life feared by all other indians, the iroquois became gatekeepers to the huge fur.\n\nRated 5/5 based on 11 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7281683683395386}
+{"content": "Control Tab\n\nThe Control tab is used to display the status of the service and to send it commands.\n\nThe configuration program (i.e. the visible screen) is not actually doing any processing.  All address checking and notification is done by the service behind the scenes.  The configuration program can only send commands to the service, not manipulate it directly.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9990626573562622}
+{"content": "Welcome to Spling Movies\n\nWelcome to Spling Movies\n\nFacebook  Twitter\nCustom Search\nMovie Review: Warehoused\n\nAn estimated 12 million people are living in refugee camps with only 0.1% being re-integrated into normal society. Directors, Asher Emmanuel and Vincent Vittorio, seek to address this problem through Warehoused: The Forgotten Refugees of Dadaab, an earnest documentary dedicated to raising awareness of the plight of refugees and their need for basic human rights like education, safety, shelter and clean water.\n\nWhile the film takes a global stance on the issue of refugees, it focuses on those living in the world's largest refugee camp in Dadaab, Kenya. The film-makers get up close and personal with several of the reported 500-600k refugees, investigating their situation within the camp and exploring some of the issues surrounding their protracted confinement and seeding in other countries around the world.\n\nMuch like God Grew Tired of Us, we're dealing with a group of individuals who have been displaced by the political, social or wartime circumstances affecting their homeland. In a similar vein, the film-makers travel to Willmar in the United States, one of the resettlement towns where a refugee family have been transplanted. While the repatriation is touching and the cultural immersion is fascinating, the encampment is the main focus in Warehoused, identifying intricate issues such as: food being used as a commodity, unchecked crime within the encampment, problems relating to the host country and the sporadic population growth of these long-serving camps.\n\nWarehoused documentary\n\n\"What is home?\"\n\nThrough experts, authors and industry specialists, the filmmakers get a broader understanding of the issues facing the organisations that support these camps and the inner turmoil caused by the growing need for these centres for the displaced. As wars continue, the camps multiply creating a generation of alienated people who are born into a suspended state of captivity. Frustrated by the long waiting lists for resettlement and stunted by the cold hard facts of the situation, some try to escape, finding themselves vulnerable and at the mercy of nationals.\n\nThe documentary is a tapestry of real-life accounts, talking heads and on-the-ground footage with simple animation to connect the dots. Warehoused: The Forgotten Refugees of Dadaab is successful in its mission to create awareness around Dadaab and the on-going global crisis. Instead of manipulating the audience, the film-makers take the time to get a practical snapshot of the situation, humanising the affected and delivering the facts with as little distortion as possible. While a little scattershot, it's an eye-opening and important account of life within the camps, resettlement and the hunt for a solution to reverse the rapid growth of refugee camps around the world.\n\nThe bottom line: Earnest", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6647741794586182}
+{"content": "Angela Melzer, LCSW, OTR/L\n\n(970) 875-2731\n\nAre you interested in understanding your brain from a scientific perspective?  Do you want to learn about how your mind affects your body, and how your body affects your mind?\n\nI am a licensed clinical social worker, and have a medical background in occupational therapy.  After designing, implementing, and running the Integrated Health Program at Yampa Valley Medical Center since 2010, and moving to private practice, I understand a great deal of the medical model and how mental wellness connects to overall body health.  I help clients of all backgrounds and needs, from chronic back pain, to a busy brain, to grief after a significant life change, to generalized depression and anxiety.\n\nI use mindfulness-based techniques, and other cognitive based therapies, to teach clients tools to address their targeted concerns each session.  Helping you understand your brain and why/how thoughts are created is powerful in the therapeutic healing process, and empowering to you as a client.  I will strive to help you accomplish your goals of coming in to therapy, which may include a peaceful mind, overall contentment, and understading and controlling your mind.  Instead of letting your thoughts control you, when are you ready to learn how to control your thoughts?\n\nHere are some of the tools you may learn in sessions:\n\n  • understanding thoughts and becoming aware of them and how they lead to destructive or depressive behavior\n  • understanding the neuroscience of your brain\n  • understanding more in depth the stress response and how it affects mood/anxiety, physical body and overall health\n  • mindfulness based meditation techniques\n  • other breathing exercises to calm the body and remove self from thoughts\n\nLocation: Minds In Motion, 1041 Lincoln Avenue, #310\n\nHours: Monday, 8 - 8; Wednesday, 8 - 8; Thursday, 8 - 5", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9932584762573242}
+{"content": "Depression Treatment\n\nPhone: 212-675-2664\n\nDr. Andrew Eig\n\nDr. Andrew Eig\n\nDepression Treatment through Psychotherapy & Counseling\n\nOne of the first steps for combating depression is to understand what the illness is and how it affects you and those around you.\n\nWhat is depression?\n\nAre you feeling down? Do you feel a loss of energy? Do you no longer enjoy the activities that you used to?\n\nDepression goes beyond feeling sad or blue. Everyone experiences down days or brief periods of sadness. People suffering from depression often experience feeling like they are in a black hole, a sense of impending doom, or painful feelings of emptiness, low self -esteem and worthlessness. Depression is often accompanied by a sense of hopelessness, irritability, muscle pain, and fatigue. There is a tendency to isolate oneself. Hobbies or activities that were once enjoyable are no longer. Most severe depressions last around two to three weeks and then subside. Milder forms of depression can be long lasting until treated.\n\nDepression often has an impact on loved ones. When a person is depressed, they tend to isolate themselves and become preoccupied with their emotional and physical pain. The spouse or children of those who are suffering from depression often feel hurt, angry, and isolated from their loved one.\n\nWhat are the types of depression?\n\nHere is a description of the most common forms of depression.\n\nMild depression (dysthymia): Dysthymia is a mild form of depression that, until treated, can be long lasting or even chronic. Many people suffer a mild form of depression and low esteem for years and believe that this is just a characteristic of their personality. Psychotherapy can be very effective at healing dysthymia.\n\nMajor Depression: Major depression is characterized by a deep sense of hopelessness and despair, thoughts of suicide or hurting oneself, muscle aches and somatic pain, intense feelings of worthlessness and shame, a sense of emptiness, sleep disturbance, changes in appetite, and trouble functioning at work and in their responsibilities at home. These symptoms often last for a period of 2 or 3 weeks before remitting. Psychotherapy in conjunction with psychotropic medication is often prescribed for people suffering from major depression.\n\nPsychotic depression: Psychotic depression is an illness where symptoms of a major depressive disorder are accompanied by auditory or visual hallucinations. Psychotherapy in conjunction with psychotropic medication is often prescribed for people suffering from psychotic depression.\n\nPost Partum Depression: Post partum depression occurs when women suffer depression after the birth of a child. It usually occurs within three months after giving birth to the baby and can last up to a year. New mothers suffering from post partum endure feelings of sadness and ambivalence about their newborn. These emotions, in turn, can bring about tremendous feelings of guilt and shame.\n\nWhat causes depression?\n\nJust as there are many different types of depression, many different causes can exist. They range from biological factors to psychological ones. Very often, a depressive episode is the result of an interaction of the two.\n\nMost commonly, mild forms of depression are caused by a biological predisposition (genetic factors) and by environmental factors (early trauma, current life stressors). In my practice, I often see that people who are suffering from depression have a specific life circumstance, such as the loss of a loved one or the ending of a relationship, that has set off a depressive episode or a strong feeling of malaise. These current life stressors can inflame old childhood injuries or trauma. Addressing both the past and the present can be effective in decreasing the symptoms of depression and building a resiliency to the illness in general.\n\nDepression can also be a sign that the way one is living one’s life is leading to unhappiness. Finding the source of the unhappiness and building a life that is an authentic expression of your true interests and passions is the best way to say goodbye to depression forever in many cases.\n\nDepression in Women:\n\nWomen report suffering from depressive symptoms more frequently than men. Some researchers believe that this result may be primarily due to the fact that women are more in touch with their feelings and that expressions of vulnerability are more socially acceptable in women than men. Hormonal imbalances as well as a lower socioeconomic status are also attributed to a greater frequency of depression in women.\n\nThe roots of depression in women tend to come from relationship difficulties. Women often come to psychotherapy initially because of trouble in an intimate relationship. They may have either recently lost a loved one, are going through a break up, or are experiencing difficulties in a romantic relationship. Quite frequently, depression for women can center around trouble finding closeness or living up to societal demands around being the kind of partner they are supposed to be (perhaps we could call this Stepford Wife Syndrome) rather than the type of partner that is truly sustaining to them.\n\nDepression in Men:\n\nMen are less likely to report depression than woman. More than 6 million men a year are estimated to have experienced symptoms of the illness. Instead of feeling blue or sad, depression in men often reveals itself as an irritable mood, trouble sleeping, loss of interest, weight fluctuations or fatigue. Men are also less likely to seek treatment than women for depression. Often, men feel it is a weakness to express their vulnerable emotions to a therapist. They may feel that examining their life is either indulgent or a sign that they are fragile or even crazy.\n\nMen often feel misunderstood in psychotherapy. In comparison to women, men are more likely to talk about aggression in therapy. They may discuss previous fights they have been in (even if it was 25 years ago) or how they feel they lack physical strength. Therapists frequently misunderstand male aggression as pathological rather than a vital part of male culture. Pathologizing aggression can give men the impression that their feelings are wrong or bad. More often than not, aggressive themes in men need to be expressed and worked with in order for the depression to subside. Repressed or disowned aggression can often be a big part of the reason a man is experiencing the blues.\n\nIn the company of an experienced clinician who is sensitive to the different issues men have in psychotherapy, depression in men is quite curable.\n\nDepression in Teens:\n\nDepression in teens is quite common but often goes overlooked by parents and clinicians. Teens that are depressed may not have the words to describe and communicate their feelings. They may appear grumpy, short-tempered, and sullen. Teens may also become quiet and reserved. The activities that they once relished no longer hold interest for them. Psychotherapy with a psychologist who has experience in working with teenagers proves quite effective in helping them.\n\nWhat parents can do to help their teens with depression?\n\n1. First, become part of the solution and not the problem. All teens blame their parents and blame them for almost everything. This behavior is part of the separating from parents as they gain independence and move into adulthood. It is quite unpleasant and mystifying for parents. But a teen that is angry with his or her parents is probably developmentally appropriate. A teen that is depressed needs parents who will hear his or her protests. Or in the case of an overly compliant teen, parents may have to encourage the adolescent protest and let their son or daughter know that it is ok to be angry or disappointed in them. Not allowing your teen time and space to protest may be part of the problem. Become part of the solution and hear their complaints.\n\n2. Spend time with your teen on their terms. Ask your teen what they would like to do and hang out with them even if you feel unwelcome. As their parent, you will always be important to them even if they do not show it.\n\n3. Reward them. Reward them Reward them. A predominate aspect of depression is that the psyche does not feel rewards from the environment and does not reward itself. Find something positive about your adolescent and let them know about it. But be real. All teens know when you are faking it.\n\n4. Encourage them to get involved with peer activities.\n\n5. Take it easy on yourself. Parenting a teen who is going through a trouble spot is hard work. You are probably feeling like a bad parent right about now. Give yourself a break. Even by reading this website, you are helping your child.\n\nWhat you can do in addition to therapy to take care of your depression:\n\n1. Reward yourself. Depression leads one to punish oneself so fight it with rewards. Do things you enjoy or used to enjoy. Go to the movies, read a good book.\n\n2. Avoid the snowballing of self-critcism. Keep things positive as best you can. Now is the time to practice positive self-regard. Take a break from self criticism. In the throws of a serious depression this is almost impossible to to do. Realize this but go for it anyway.\n\n3. Try to stay busy. Take a daily planner or smartphone calendar and book it up with activities that you enjoy. I call this daily planner therapy. When people follow it, it is highly effective.\n\n4. Be with people. Depression has a tendency to isolate its victims. Try to go against the current and be with people even if it at first sounds unappealing.\n\n5. Exercise. Staying active fights depression on a neurochemical level. Put on those jogging shoes and go for a walk.\n\nContact me today to arrange an initial consultation.\n\nAndrew Eig, Ph.D., A.B.P.P.\n109 East 19th Street\nNew York City, New York 10003\n\nPhone: 212-675-2664\n\nEmail: andy@andreweig.com\n\nWebsite: consultation request form\n\nDr. Andrew Eig\n\nAndrew Eig, Ph.D., A.B.P.P.\n\nPhone: 212-675-2664\n\nemail | online form\n\nOffice location:\n109 East 19th Street\nNew York, N.Y. 10003\nget directions", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6074310541152954}
+{"content": "Pictograph Art\n\nA pictograph or pictogram as it may be termed is often deemed an art form but it can also, depending on the nature of the painted or drawn image, be regarded as a form of writing. In terms of ancient use, pictographs are associated with cuneiform and also hieroglyphics. Even today, non-literate cultures may still favor the use of pictographs. Pictographs can be found in most regions of the world and date to the prehistoric period–as far back as the Paleolithic age. A form of rock art, ancient pictographs typically adorned rock and sometimes clay surfaces.\n\nArcheologists tend to speak of pictographs as symbols. They spend years and some even entire careers trying to define and decipher the meanings of each pictograph or pictograph system. As ideas expressed through painting or illustration, a pictograph can tell historians quite a lot about ancient cultures particularly when they can be successfully deciphered and deciphered in accordance with other relics from the same culture and era. Often, however, these pictographs may not be clearly understood leading scholars or the tourists who visit them to simply theorize or guess what their exact nature may be.\n\nAs a form of rock art, pictographs can be found in many nations; some contain more than others and some extensive findings have even been deemed UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These sites draw visitors from all over the world as they reflect part of the host nation or region’s historical heritage. Some historically famous pictographs date back to 3000 B.C. to Egypt and the Mesopotamian region. The ancient Sumerians developed the first written language developed from pictographs called cuneiform. Pictographs were also widely used in Asia in countries like China and India; a recent area of Mongolia containing pictographs was recently designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011.\n\nMany world regions are celebrated for their pictographs–Oceania, Europe, and even parts of the Americas, for instance. Some famous pictograph sites include Lake Superior Provincial Park, Horseshoe Canyon (Utah), Valcomonica (Italy), Laas Gaal (Somalia), Brandberg Mountain (Namibia), Western Cape (South Africa), Naj Tunich (Guatemala), Nyero rock paintings (Uganda), Pictograph Cave (Montana), Bhimbetka Rock Shelters (India), Zarautsoy Rock Paintings (Uzbekistan), and Mount Grenfell Historic Site (Australia). The symbols designated as pictographs range substantially from lines and swirls to people and animals. Pictographs from the ancient period continued to be a serious subject of study for people around the world. Pictograph and other rock art sites are also popular tourist attractions for the regions that contain them.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9988793134689331}
+{"content": "Alisa Jno-Charles\n\nAssistant Professor\n\nAcademic Division: Entrepreneurship\n\n\nAlisa comes to academia after more than a decade of finance and entrepreneurship experience. Her goal is to help students, entrepreneurs and their ventures understand who they are and how it impacts their decisions and outcomes so that they can develop into and effectively communicate who they want to be. As such, her research centers on venture identity development, traditional and social media impact, communication and discourse analysis, and legitimacy and financing acquisition. Her professional career spans private equity investment, hedge fund trading, real estate financing, and business intelligence systems design and product management. Alisa’s entrepreneurial experience ranges from building ventures in the peer-to-peer to business software spaces. As an entrepreneur, Alisa was featured on CNN, TechCrunch, Forbes, etc. Alisa holds a Ph.D. from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University as well as an M.B.A. and B.S.B.A from Babson College.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000097751617432}
+{"content": "Orchid Care - The Basics\n\nOrchids are different from houseplants.\nUnlike palms, ferns, or philodendrons, orchids grow on rocks and trees, not in the ground. In fact, planting an orchid in potting soil is probably a sure way to kill it. That's why you see orchids planted in bark, moss, coconut husks, etc.. Watering these different growing mediums can be tricky, even for experienced growers.\n\nOur Hydroponic System eliminates all the guesswork of growing in bark or moss! Clay pebbles replace all other media and a water gauge tells you when to water. \n\nOrchids are tougher than most people think. In Nature, the orchid's root system absorbs water and nutrients from the the air and occassional rain shower. Their thick roots, leaves and stems are designed to store water when rain is scarce. Although some orchids are fussy, many adapt comfortably to most homes if they get enough light and correct watering. \n\nLightAll plants need light to live - this is especially true for orchids. Orchids enjoy as much light as possible - more than houseplants. Inadequate light will prevent your orchid from flowering. Leaf color is a good indicator if your plant is getting enough light. Orchids should have bright green leaves. Dark green leaves indicates your plant is not getting enough light. Yellowish-green or red leaves indicates your plant is getting too much light. How much light your orchid needs depends on what kind of orchid it is.\nWaterPotting medium effects your plant's water requirements. Orchid growers use bark chips, spaghnum moss, styrofoam, etc. as potting material. Depending on where your orchid was grown (Hawaii, Florida, Taiwan) these planting materials will vary. That's why its not unusual to see identical orchids planted completely different potting mixes.\n\nFor a beginner this makes correct watering a mystery. Even experienced growers have trouble getting it right! The clay pebbles in our Hydroponic System replaces all these materials. And a water gauge tells you when and how much to water. What could be easier!\n\nTemperatureOrchids do not require the hot, steamy weather found in the tropics.  Most orchids will adapt to the temperatures found in most homes. Even though your thermostat is set at one setting, temperatures can vary widely in your house. A sunny window can vary 30 degrees or more during the winter months.\n\nAnother difference between orchids and houseplants is that orchids experience a big difference between day and night temperatures.\nAt least a 10 degree drop in needed to initiate a flower bud, especially during fall and winter. This can be accomplished by setting the plant near a window where the temperature will automatically drop at night.\n\nOrchids appreciate adequate humidity. During winter months they will gladly trade cooler temperatures for the hot, dry air from the furnace. Likewise, in the summer they enjoy warmer temperatures instead of the cool dry air from air-conditioners.\nNutritionToo much fertilizer kills more orchids than too little. In fact, we've never seen an orchid die from a lack of fertilizer. However, a good nutrition program promotes healthy growth with good seasonal blooms.\n\nGood nutrition can be difficult with a deteriorating potting mix. Our LECA pebbles never change so complete nutrition is easy with Hydoponics. \n\nOrchid Care for Specfic Types\n     Cattleya Orchid Care\n     Oncidium Orchid Care\n     Paphiopedilum Orchid Care\n     Phalaenopsis Orchid Care", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6251338720321655}
+{"content": "Flags and Bags? What’s all that about?\n\nHave you noticed all the flags and bags hanging on the end of flagpoles in your neighbourhood? Wondered what it’s all about?  \n\nThis is a Dutch tradition in the summer to show that someone in that house has passed all their final school exams.  The graduating student hangs their school bag out on the end of the flagpole to announce they are “Geslaagd!”, or that they have successfully passed their exams!\n\nSo, if you see a flagpole with a flag and bag combination on one of your neighbours, why not ‘stuur een kaartje’ (send a card) and wish them ‘Gefeliciteerd!’ on passing those exams.  And if you recently passed your exams, all of International Almere is passing on their congratulations to you!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7367998361587524}
+{"content": "Pool Beauty Fashion\n\nWhere To Start with Experts and More\n\nVacuum Metalizing Process\n\nThis is the process by which metals are evaporated inside a vacuum chamber which later bonds to produce a uniform metalized layer. Vacuum metalizing has a number of uses. They include metallic finishes, shielding and decorative chrome. Thermal evaporation which is also called Physical Vapor Deposition is the process that is utilized to apply metals under a vacuum. Mentioned below are stages of vacuum metalizing process.\n\nThe Tooling Process\n\nThe very first procedure is the fabrication of tooling fixtures that hold and mask the various parts during the vacuuming and painting process. During this phase, tooling fixtures should offer appropriate efficiency in the amount of components which will bring about the finest possible piece cost.\n\nThe Loading Step\n\nThe Next step is scrutinizing tooling fixtures and then releasing them to be manufactured. In this process, the client is the boss because anything being done ought to be according to their own preference. They set guidelines that are followed to the core during the processing of the parts. Wearing of gloves is a must when loading the components so that there are no contaminants transferred to the components. After review of the components to ensure that there are no visible flaws, loading may now occur onto the tooling fixtures.\n\nBasecoating Process\n\nBasecoating is a very crucial process since it helps to ensure that the end product is of top quality. It promotes adhesion and as a result provides smooth surface. This a measure that is only used for reflective finishes . Six-axis robotic paint cells and automatic reciprocating paint cells are examples of the methods that are used to perform the process of coating.\n\nVacuum Metalizing Process\n\nBefore anything is done in this process, the tooling fixtures are placed into Carousels that are pushed into the vacuum chamber. What happens next is that current is delivered to the origin of evaporation. The origin is generally a tungsten filament that’s loaded with aluminum. The filament is then heated to a point that the alloy evaporates and then forms a cloud of vapor that bonds with the parts. After the process of metalizing is done with, the room is taken back into the atmosphere.\n\nTopcoating Step\n\nThe significance of a topcoat are that it enables moisture, chemical resistance and abrasion. There are different topcoats that apply to different applications. The topcoats accountable for the gold, metallic matte finishes and bronze result are dyed and tinted topcoats. For effective results, work should be done in a clean environment and organized manner.\n\nInspection Process\n\nInspection is the final stage whereby the parts are checked if they are properly done according to the instructions made by the customer. There’s a database which tracks if there were errors during the process and finally tracking tags are set up for tractability purposes.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5610347986221313}
+{"content": "Telecom Responsibilization: Internet Governance, Surveillance, and New Roles for Intermediaries\n\nI’ve just had my most recent article published in the Canadian Journal of Communication. From the abstract:\n\nThis article foregrounds internet intermediaries as a class of actors central to many governance and surveillance strategies, and provides an overview of their emerging roles and responsibilities. While the growth of the internet has created challenges for state actors, state priorities have been unfolded onto the private institutions that provide many of the internet’s services. This article elaborates responsibilization strategies implicating internet intermediaries, and the goals that these actors can be aligned toward. These include enrolling telecom service providers in law enforcement and national security-oriented surveillance programs, as well as strategies to responsibilize service providers as copyright enforcers. But state interests are also responsive to pressures from civil society, so that “internet values” are increasingly channelled through the formal political processes shaping internet governance.\n\nThis particular work took more time and revision than anything else I’ve had appear in print. I began working on it prior to my PhD research (and before Snowden), germinating in a conversation I had with my supervisor. I was trying to explain some of my interests in how intermediaries end up serving state surveillance and security objectives, and how “deputization” didn’t seem to be an adequate way of describing the process. He proposed I look at the notion of “responsibilization”, even if what I was describing ran counter to some of the neoliberal logic often associated with the concept.\n\nIn the end, the article became a way for me to engage and disengage with different theoretical commitments, while working through some particular cases of intermediary obligations that I was interested in (graduated response, lawful access, interconnection). I’m using the piece as a way to talk about something that many people have pointed out: the importance of intermediaries in contemporary power relations. However, my focus is not just on the power that these companies have over our lives, but the potential for intermediaries to become instruments of power. This leads numerous actors (state and non-state), with particular visions of how to shape or order society, to treat intermediaries as “points of control” (Zittrain, 2003).\n\nThe idea of responsibilization is a useful way to understand certain relationships between state and private actors, but it is a concept that deserves some elaboration and careful qualification. Responsibilization has frequently been presented as an aspect of neoliberal governance, corresponding with an emphasis on individual responsibility for one’s conduct and well-being, and the increased involvement of private actors in domains that were previously a responsibility of the state (Burchell, 1996, p. 29). Under this definition, the state’s enlistment, partnering with, or outright deputizing of intermediaries can be seen as a way to devolve state responsibilities and regulatory powers onto private actors. Yet there is nothing particularly new about telecom providers being aligned toward state goals, or accepting obligations towards some sort of public good (security, surveillance, universal service). Also, rather than a shrinking neoliberal state transferring responsibilities to the private sector, responsibilization can actually represent an extension of state power — reaching deeper into civil society by enlisting key network nodes.\n\nResponsibilization and Social Theory\n\nIf we understand responsibilization as a technique of government that can be independent of neoliberalism, we can think about how it might be compatible with more generalizable social theories. Originally, I was interested in exploring how the responsibilization of intermediaries could be treated as a combination of Castells’s “programming power” and “switching power”. Abandoning Castells, I then moved further in the direction of governmentality literature and the work of Mitchell Dean. Dean’s work became invaluable as I was thinking through the role of state power and its relationship to all that we now sometimes refer to as civil society. In particular, I was strongly influenced by Dean‘s analysis of what he calls “liberal police”, which operates (in part) through an “unfolding” of governmental programs into civil society.\n\nIn regards to surveillance studies, responsibilization seems quite compatible with Haggerty and Ericson’s (2000) well-known idea of “the surveillant assemblage”, referring to the “disconnected and semi-coordinated character of [contemporary] surveillance” that allows actors to “combine and coordinate different monitoring systems that have diverse capabilities and purposes” (Haggerty and Ericson, 2006, p. 4). Responsibilization describes one important means by which the surveillant assemblage can become coordinated, and while Haggerty and Ericson tend to emphasize the decentralized and diffuse character of contemporary surveillance, they also recognize that “powerful institutions” can remain “relatively hegemonic” to the extent that they can “harness the surveillance efforts of otherwise disparate technologies and organizations” (Haggerty and Ericson, 2006, p. 5). The state remains in a privileged position to coordinate various aspects of the surveillant assemblage, whether through the force of law or less coercive means (such as moral suasion and appeals to patriotic duty).\n\nWhere else might the idea of responsibilization bear fruit? The distinctions I make about different types of responsibilization in the published article may certainly be applicable beyond telecom, and I think we can find plenty of examples of responsibilization operating as a technique of governance if we detach the concept from certain presumptions about neoliberalism.\n\nIn summary…\n\nOur daily experiences are increasingly being governed through intermediaries, often in ways that we don’t appreciate. Proposed solutions to social problems, threats, immorality, and disorder now often argue for better governance of intermediaries. Battles over the shape of digital society often come in the form of battles over the responsibilities we should impose on intermediaries, or debates about the responsibilities that intermediaries should willingly accept.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9238682985305786}
+{"content": "Ucpb personal loan form\n\nThis repayment is generally done through a direct debit mandate or taking a postdated check in advance from the borrower of the actual amount. Some lenders also allow making the payments in parts or rolling it over to next month; but that is governed by the fast money loan online payday regulations specific to that state.\n\nPayday Loans Las Vegas are really attractive to take in the times of crisis. But the only drawback to such product is of having a very high rate ucpb personal loan form interest. Thus it is recommended to do a full-fledged financial calculation based on the income inflow and outflows to determine its affordability.\n\nAll other options of borrowing should must be considered before applying for such an expensive borrowing. Over 90 Approval Rate. Lowest Interest Rates - Instant e-Approval - Special Offers.\n\nUcpb personal loan form\n\nCom does not have an available lender, you will not be connected to a lender. In some cases, you may be given the option of obtaining a loan from a tribal lender. Tribal lenders are subject to ucpb personal loan form and certain federal laws while being immune from state law including usury caps. If you are connected to a tribal lender, please understand that the tribal lenders rates and fees may be higher than state-licensed lenders.\n\n\n\nUcpb personal loan form\n\nPlease be aware that missing a payment or making a late payment can negatively impact your credit ucpb personal loan form. To protect yourself and your credit history, make sure you only accept loan terms that you can afford to repay. If you cannot make a payment on time, you should contact your lender immediately and discuss how to handle late payments. Can you consolidate payday installment loans. Payday installment ucpb personal loan form also known as “cash advance loans”, “check advance loans”, or “deferred deposit check loans” are becoming an increasingly popular form of loan for people with bad credit.\n\n With these short term loans people looking for some extra cash will fill out the usually short application in a matter of minutes and have the desired amount they need direct deposited into their checking account which is usually up to 1500.\n\nUcpb personal loan form\n\nOur company is committed to protecting your ucpb personal loan form. We use a 128-bit SSL encryption so the information you share on your request is protected.\n\n\n\nUcpb personal loan form", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5422719717025757}
+{"content": "Log in\n\nNo account? Create an account\n\nThe Past | The Previous\n\nSeven Minutes of Terror\n\nThis is a video explaining how NASA will land it's Curiosity Rover on August 5th.\n\nPretty sweet, hey?\n\nIf I'm lucky, I'll find a use for the title 'Seven Minutes of Terror' for a bit of fiction. Perhaps.\n\nIn other news, I am reading Catch 22, which I tried to read years ago, but didn't dig very much. It's quite funny, though, I have to say, and well written and I'm totally digging it. I guess I just wasn't in the mood back when.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9487572312355042}
+{"content": "The werebear is known in several world mythologies as a person who can assume the form of a bear or ursine of one kind or another.\n\nThe berserkers or berserkrgangr were similar in many ways. These norsemen wore belts made of bear pelts cut into strips which gave them incredible strength and dexterity. Some folks even believed that they could stand in fire or bite through the metal of a shield without injury.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8211268782615662}
+{"content": "Lakes Community Church has supported missions work in Thailand for over 30 years.\n\nThe couple that we support go under the names of 'John and Marie Anton' for safety reasons, due to the people group they work amongst.\n\nIn World Outreach, they and thousands like them are known as 'The Silhouetted Ones'. It is how they depict themselves and others who live out their faith in places where they cannot bring attention to themselves. Where traditional missionaries are not welcomed. They live their lives with dignity and courage and many times as followers of Jesus, their lives are at risk and martydom is nothing new.\n\nJohn and Marie Anton began their work in Thailand with their 2 children in May 1988. Beginning with language and culture training in Bangkok, they have been involved with Campus Ministries, church planting and leadership training and development.\n\nAfter the tsunami that impacted and devastated many parts of South-Asia in December 2004, John and Marie moved from the south-eastern part of Thailand to the Phangnga province in the west to help smaller villagers rebuild their homes, lives and families.\n\nAmongst the 'unreached peoples group' they continue to help communities with poor health issues, educating and bringing a powerful witness of the love and grace of Jesus Christ.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9977403879165649}
+{"content": "Watching the technical levels for Sage Group Plc (SGE.L), we have spotted that the SuperTrend line is currently sitting above recent share price levels. According to the signal, this may point to the stock entering buy territory.\n\nSome investors may be looking to trade the trend and capitalize on strong current performers. Other investors may look to take a contrarian approach. This can involve looking for names that have been overlooked by the crowd. There are many different contrarian approaches that investors may choose to use. Going against the crowd may require a lot more homework and confidence. There may be hidden gems out there, but is may be wise to investigate why nobody else seems to want to get into the name. Finding that perfect strategy may take a lot of study and dedication. Taking shortcuts in the market can have severe negative effects on the long-term health of the portfolio. \n\nSage Group Plc (SGE.L)’s Williams Percent Range or 14 day Williams %R presently is at -19.63. In general, if the reading goes above -20, the stock may be considered to be overbought.\n\nTracking stock levels, Sage Group Plc (SGE.L) has a 14-day Commodity Channel Index (CCI) of 89.25. Even though the name contains the word commodity, CCI can be used on other investment tools such as stocks. The CCI was developed to typically stay within the -100 to +100 levels. Traders may use the indicator to determine stock trends or to identify overbought/oversold conditions. A CCI reading above +100 would imply that the stock is overbought and possibly ready for a correction. On the other hand, a reading of -100 would imply that the stock is oversold and possibly set for a rally.\n\nWhen applying indicators for technical analysis, traders and investors might want to examine the ATR or Average True Range. The current 14-day ATR for Sage Group Plc (SGE.L) is currently sitting at 14.94. The ATR basically measures the volatility of a stock on a day-to-day basis. The average true range is typically based on 14 periods and may be calculated daily, weekly, monthly, or intraday. The ATR is not considered a directional indicator, but it may reflect the strength of a particular move.\n\nLooking at some moving average levels on shares of Sage Group Plc (SGE.L), the 200-day is at 637.88, the 50-day is 568.04, and the 7-day is sitting at 552.49. Moving averages can help identify trends and price reversals. They may also be used to help spot support and resistance levels. Moving averages are considered to be lagging indicators meaning that they confirm trends. A certain stock may be considered to be on an uptrend if trading above a moving average and the average is sloping upward. On the other side, a stock may be considered to be in a downtrend if trading below the moving average and sloping downward.\n\n\nTraders are often looking for any little advantage that they can get when attempting to grab profits in the stock market. Traders might be closely watching insider buying and selling as well as what the successful fund managers are doing. Following the smart money can help investors get a grasp on the bigger picture of what is going on with certain equities. There is no shortage of information that the individual trader can get their hands on. Figuring out how to best put that information to work is an important part of any trading plan. With so much data to track, traders may need to decide which information they will use when making the big investing decisions. Pinpointing the next great trade could be just around the corner, but it may take some hard work and enhanced focus.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9736682772636414}
+{"content": "Robotic nurses in development\n\nA team of roboticists, led by Dr Elena De Momi, at Italy’s Politecnico di Milano have trained a robot to imitate a human being’s actions, specifically of emulating a nurse passing instruments to a surgeon, and related actions.\n\nThe process involved taking photographs of humans performing the actions, feeding this into the robotic arm’s neural network. The robot was then guided through the imitation of these processes, led by a human operator. Humans monitored the robot’s movements and noted a success rate of c. 70%, where a success is defined as matching human movements.\n\nDe Momi comments: “As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won’t steal job opportunities. They will just allow us to decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks, from medicine to industrial applications.”\n\nThe key benefits of robots performing human tasks are the precision and the continued precision over a prolonged time, where a human would tire.\n\nResults are promising though the team are aware further research is required to refine the end result.\n\nDr De Momi’s work relates specifically to healthcare robotics, however, this technique can be applied to other areas of robotics.\n\nSee our current robotics roles here.\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9882815480232239}
+{"content": "A Completeness Theorem for Pseudo-Linear Functions with Applications to UC Security\n\nA Completeness Theorem for Pseudo-Linear Functions with App... - Charanjit Jutla\n\nCharanjit Jutla\nIBM T. J. Watson Research Center\nFebruary 28, 2010\n\nWe prove completeness results for certain class of functions which have implications for automatic proving of universally-composable security theorems for ideal and real functionalities composed of if-then-else programs with (uniform) random number generation and data objects from additive group of GF(2^m) . The theorems imply that, within this language framework, there is a decision procedure to find out if a real functionality realizes an ideal functionality, and this procedure is in computational time independent of m (which is essentially the security parameter).\n\nSince most cryptographic functionalities have such simple if-then-else probabilistic form, this approach has widespread practical theorem proving appeal. The completeness theorems are of the following form. Let f_1, f_2,...,f_k be k pseudo-linear functions in n variables, and let f be another pseudo-linear function in the n variables. We show that if f is a function of the given k functions, then it must be a pseudo-linear function of the given k functions. This generalizes the straightforward claim for just linear functions. We also prove a more general theorem where the k functions can in addition take further arguments, and prove that if f can be represented as an iterated composition of these k functions, then it can be represented as a probabilistic pseudo-linear iterated composition of these functions. Proceeding further, we generalize the theorem to randomized pseudo-linear functions. (Joint work with Arnab Roy, IBM Research)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9981973767280579}
+{"content": "This year we are encouraging gifts in honor of a current or former faculty member, staff member or coach who has made a positive impact on our students' lives. Your gift will have a meaningful impact on today's students as they continue to receive an excellent education from dedicated faculty. #GivingTuesday", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9960532188415527}
+{"content": "Help build or restore a school!Build and Restore International (BRI) understands the ever-growing demand for more schools is greater then it’s ever been. Many countries are struggling with an ever increasing demand for affordable and practical school buildings and facilities to send their children. The need is great for school buildings that will serve the purpose to provide a safe and comfortable learning environment.Today, to have an opportunity to send a child to a local school is a luxury. Therefore, building a school in a local town or village means hope for a brighter future for students and teachers alike. More importantly, an opportunity to learn means a better and brighter future for the community as a whole. BRI wants to partner together with ordinary people who love the Lord to build extra ordinary schools for children of all ages.\n\n\nQuality Christian education is one of the strengths of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Many children have received excellent educational foundation to start of their life on the right foot and to live a better life. The growing demand for Christian education and school facilities means that less and less children are able to get a Christian education. There simply isn’t enough schools to accommodate the demand. In many parts of the world, existing school buildings are in need of much restoration. In some areas, there are no christian schools.\n\n\nBRI believes building and restoring schools is part of the mission experience. We have witnessed the incredible impact that a quality education can have on a child and their family. Quality Christian education is a powerful tool to share the love of Jesus Christ with the community. A Christian education can help to heal a broken home. Children who attend a Christian school are less likely to be involved in violence, alcoholism, drugs, or other forms of abuse. Christian education is a powerful tool for a brighter tomorrow.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8848062753677368}
+{"content": "Threats lead to increased police presence, security sweeps at Waukegan High School campuses\n\nVague threats found at Waukegan High School’s two campuses resulted in a security sweep at one and increased security presence planned for Tuesday and Wednesday at the other, school officials said.\n\nOne threat, found written in a bathroom at the Washington campus, mentioned specific dates in the future, so the district was able to work with the Waukegan Police Department to increase its presence on those dates, district spokesman Nick Alajakis said.\n\nThe district will also sweep the building in the morning, and students will go through metal detectors and have their bags checked as usual.\n\nThe message was “vague in details, warning only of a threat to potentially cause harm at the school,” according to a letter to parents.\n\n“Nonspecific, very vague phrases that could be construed as threats” were found Monday on a classroom whiteboard at the Brookside campus and resulted in a security sweep, Alajakis said.\n\nThe threats came about two weeks after a bomb threat was found written on a classroom whiteboard at the Brookside campus, according to communication sent to parents by Waukegan High School administrators.\n\nThe district is engaged in a “constant balancing act” in how it responds to these types of threats, he said.\n\n“You want to ensure that you’re taking all necessary steps to keep students and staff in the building safe, but there’s a balance you have to reach to not disrupt the educational environment too much,” Alajakis said.\n\nIn this case, the district was able to work with law enforcement and take other security measures to limit the disruption to school operations, he said.\n\nThe Waukegan police are also investigating the recent threat, according to the letter to parents. The district was unable to identify the person behind the Oct. 3 Brookside threat.\n\nWith the bomb threat, the school immediately evacuated the building, according to the statement released to the public at the time. After the school was searched and nothing was found, the students were brought back into the building and the day resumed as normal.\n\nThese types of threats tend to come in waves as students hear about them from peers or read the communication the district puts out and news reports, Alajakis said.\n\n“We really wish that students would not do this, obviously,” Alajakis said, pointing to the time and resources spent by the district and police responding to the threats. “That’s why we take it very seriously when people are caught making these false threats.”\n\nTwitter @mekcoleman\n\nCopyright © 2018, Lake County News-Sun", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9407934546470642}
+{"content": "Computer-related search warrants transformed by new Supreme Court Rule\n\nsupreme court rule expands computer related search warrants fbi building 02\nThe U.S. Supreme Court has issued a rule that will expand the reach of the FBI and other law enforcement agencies to access any computer in any jurisdiction based on a single warrant.\n\nOn Thursday the Supreme Court approved a change to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure so as to permit federal courts to issue search warrants that will enable access to information stored on computers in any jurisdiction, and not just the jurisdiction of the issuing court.\n\nCongress will have until December 1 to reject or change the rule. If it does not act, the new powers will come into effect. Reuters reports that Congress typically doesn’t exercise this power and likely won’t in an election year.\n\nThe law pertains to Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, which regulates the circumstances under which a judge can issue a warrant.\n\nAs the law currently stands, a court can only issue a warrant to law enforcement to act within its jurisdiction. However the new rules would not limit the application of a warrant to a jurisdictional boundary. According to opponents of the law change, it could have international ramifications by allowing law enforcement to hack into any computer as part of an investigation.\n\nThe American Civil Liberties Union, Access Now, and Google all opposed the rule change, which the Department of Justice has been seeking since 2013.\n\nSenator Ron Wyden from Oregon criticized the authorization of the new powers, saying they will have “significant consequences for Americans’ privacy.”\n\n“Under the proposed rules, the government would now be able to obtain a single warrant to access and search thousands or millions of computers at once; and the vast majority of the affected computers would belong to the victims, not the perpetrators, of a cybercrime,” said Wyden, who has promised to introduce legislation to address the issue.\n\nThe law could have serious implications for the privacy of not just U.S. citizens but also anyone globally. Ahmed Ghappour, a professor at UC Hastings that specializes in Internet privacy and crime, published a paper earlier this year that highlighted how blanket surveillance and hacking at the hands of the FBI could run afoul of international law and the laws of the other jurisdictions the agency is accessing.\n\nProduct Review\n\nLong live the king! Dell’s new XPS 13 defends its throne with ease\n\nThe redesigned Dell XPS 13 doesn’t reinvent the laptop’s winning formula, but does offer much-needed tweaks including the latest Intel hardware and a thinner, lighter body. Is it enough to keep Dell’s laptop at the top of our ratings?\nMovies & TV\n\n\nMovies & TV\n\n\n\nCommon Chrome OS problems, and how to fix them\n\nIs something irking you about Chrome OS? Find your problem on our list of bugs, issues, and general complaints about the OS, along with easy solutions to any issues that might arise.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAMD is pulling ahead in the die shrink race with 7nm CPUs and graphics cards\n\nAMD might have played second fiddle to Intel and AMD for a long time, but it has the potential to leapfrog both when it debuts its new 7nm CPUs and graphics cards in 2019, leading the die-shrink race for the first time in years.\n\nBlack Friday 2018: The best deals so far\n\n\n\n\nCloudflare’s privacy-enhancing DNS service comes to iOS and Android\n\nCloudflare's DNS resolver service has been ported to mobile devices, and now anyone with an Android or iOS device can download it for free to take advantage of its speed and privacy-boosting features.\n\n\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.601691722869873}
+{"content": "mandrake (n.)\n\nnarcotic plant, early 14c., mondrake, from Medieval Latin mandragora, from Latin mandragoras, from Greek mandragoras, probably from a non-Indo-European word. The word was in late Old English in its Latin form; folk etymology associated the second element with dragoun and substituted native drake in its place. The forked root is thought to resemble a human body and is said to shriek when pulled from the ground.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9940915703773499}
+{"content": "Questions & Answers\n\nFrom discovering which exercise is best for relaxation and knowing how your biological clock works to how biofeedback is important for your stress levels – discover all the answers to your questions.\n\nWhat is the best exercise for relaxation?\n\nThe ideal activity to reduce stress and mental fatigue is actually relaxation. There are various techniques in order to relax, including common stretching exercises that lengthen the muscles. Try the basic postures of stretching and keep them for 30-60 seconds; you shouldn’t feel pain, but you should feel the muscle stretching. Afterwards, you will feel calm and relaxed.\n\nWhat is the difference between ‘eustress’ and ‘distress’?\n\nStress is any phenomenon that disturbs the normal psychophysical balance. The word ‘stress’ has taken on a negative connotation, but the real negative stress is distress. ‘Eustress’ is actually a good thing, as it’s determined by all those activities that stimulate attention and positively affect performance, both physical and mental.\n\nWhat is biofeedback?\n\nBiofeedback means all those systems that give feedback based on incoming information. Biofeedback systems help perceive how the body is working. One example is the heart rate monitor: when at rest, your heart rate is shown as low; when you are running, it shows how the heart rate increases dramatically. In stress therapy, biofeedback is used by some tools that highlight states of muscular tension in the main muscles involved in stress-related headache and pains. After a period of training, the tool helps the body to understand how to relax the muscles and relieve muscle pain.\n\nHow long does it take before a workout becomes stressful?\n\nA workout could become stressful, even after 45 minutes. This ‘stress’ is caused by an increase in cortisol levels in the blood as a form of protection against the stress caused by training. But, it’s important to remember that physical activity does produce high levels of substances that are good for the brain, such as endorphins. Therefore, the perception of stress is individual. Choose activities that you like, and if you feel really tired, take time off.\n\nWhat is the biological clock?\n\nThe biological clock is an internal mechanism of the body. A group of cells located at the base of the skull are responsible for the timer function. Throughout the day, these regulate the secretion of hormones such as cortisol, growth hormone and testosterone and they also determine the sleep-wake cycle.\n\n\nRead An introduction to reduce stress\nRead How to reduce stress effectively\nRead The benefits of reducing stress", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9620312452316284}
+{"content": "How to pay VAT to the budget in 2018\n\nDetermine the total amount of value added tax that is presented to the company. At the same time, the recognition of the tax base forVATmust be in this reporting period. This rule is established by the provisions of Art. 166 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. This value is equal to the sumVATspecified in the invoices for the reporting period.\nCalculate the amount of tax deductions that the company is entitled to apply in a given tax period. They are determined by the provisions of Art. 171 and 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and are equal to the sumVAT, which are indicated in invoices submitted to your enterprise for payment of goods or services.\nFind out if the company is listed beforebudgetom amountVATto be restored. If you have formed the right to offsetVATthen write the corresponding application to the tax inspectorate with an indication of the tax overpayment.\nCalculate the amountVATpayable inbudget. To do this, fill out a tax return, in which specify the total amount of tax, the recovered tax amount, and the amount of tax deduction. Reduce the first value by the second and third and get the desired value.VATto be paid for the current reporting period.\nPayVATatbudgetno later than the 20th day of the next month following the reporting period. Otherwise, tax arrears will be charged or penalties will be imposed.\nRemember that all quantitiesVATwhich are used in the calculation of tax inbudget, must be documented by appropriate invoices and records in the book of accounting of purchases and sales. Otherwise, if you indicate unconfirmed amounts in the tax return, then if an error is detected, the tax inspectorate may decide to conduct a field tax audit and impose penalties.\n\nRelated News\n\nHow to make a corridor\nHow to cook a classic omelet in a pan\nHow does vitamin A on the skin\nSimple Regulated Power Supply\nDoes it matter how much your bag costs?\nFebrile seizures - symptoms, signs, diagnosis and treatment", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9991629719734192}
+{"content": "Darkwing Duck\n\nDarkwing Duck is a video game based on the Disney television series of the same name. The game was originally developed by Capcom for the NES in 1992. The game is often compared to Mega Man for its similarities in game play and because they share a common developer: Capcom.\n\nOriginal description:\n\nLet's get dangerous!\n\n\nJoin Darkwing as he explores the woods to weed out Bushroot's evil plan. Search the warehouses along the wharf for Mega Volt and pull the plug on an electrifying scheme. Track down all six of FOWL's crafty criminals and then prepare yourself as Darkwing squares off against the sinister Steelbeak in his fiendish floating fortress!\n\n- Seven \"Dangerous\" levels featuring villians suck as Moliarty, Quackerjack and Mega Volt.\n- Find and explore secret bonus areas to earn extra bonus points.\n- For 1 player only.\n\n\nEnter - start (pause);    Arrows - move;    Z - jump;    X - shoot;    Esc = exit fullscreen;\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9985859394073486}
+{"content": "Throw It Open To The Universe\n\nAny problem throw it open to universe.\n\nThis is something many like to do. It has become popular with certain celebrities who have written books about throwing ideas and worries to the universe. This is nothing new and something which has been practiced for many many years. Ask the universe to accept and allow your intuition to be active. Pick up on any nudges and write them down. You will feel that things will begin to fall into place. Any worries and thoughts will become easier to deal with. The universe will take them from you. They will take over. Paint a picture of yourself within your mind of you in this special place. Think of this picture without the worry which has been lifted. To visualise is to paint a mental image. Sense ‘I can see myself driving that car. I can see myself in that job. I can see myself on that beach swimming in that sea’. You can use positive mental images to create a better self image and perhaps encourage a more positive and confident you.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9990869164466858}
+{"content": "Abert Squirrel\n\n1/640s at f5.6, ISO:1250, Canon Mark III 1Ds w/800mm\n\nAbert squirrels are 46 to 58 cm long with a tail of 19 to 25 cm. The most noticeable characteristic would be their hair ear tufts, which extend up from each ear 2 to 3 cm. They typically have a gray coat with a white underbelly. The Abert squirrel builds its nest in the branches of the ponderosa pine. It does not store its food like other North American squirrels. . The vast majority of the diet consists of parts of the ponderosa pine. Feeding on the seeds and buds in the warmer months, it depends on the inner bark of the tree for nourishment in the wintertime.\nRocky Mountain N.P., Co", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9944935441017151}
+{"content": "August 11, 2016 by ACE Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine Institute  \n  Back to BLOG  \n\n\n11982254 - group with weight training equipment on sport gym clubBlood Flow Restriction And Physical Therapy\nby ACE Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine Institute\n\nTid Bits of Info.\n\n  • BRT has been shown to develop strength gains when using as little as 30% of the patient’s 1RPM.\n  • Traditional training methods require a minimum of 70% of the patient’s 1RPM.\n  • BRT training utilizes low resistance and high repetitions.\n  • Traditional training methods utilize high resistance and low repetitions.\n  • The use of BRT is not common in Physical Therapy at this time, but it shows promise.\n\nIncreasing strength is one key part of an overall recovery process. Physical Therapists regularly work with soldiers, athletes and other people who need to strengthen atrophied muscles. Weak and injured muscles can slow down the rehabilitation process. As a part of our commitment to utilize the best science-based solutions, some Physical Therapists have begun incorporating blood flow restriction training or BRT to a help these weakened muscles improve strength.\n\nTraditional strength training methods require a person to exercise with an excessively heavy resistance for few repetitions and the desired result is a muscle adaptation of hypertrophy or getting bigger. In theory, if the muscle’s cross sectional area increases due to a larger muscle cells or number of cells (that is a discussion for another time) that muscle will be stronger. The hypertrophied muscle will be able to generate more force and produce more power output.   The problem arises if the patient cannot utilize a heavy resistance due to the status of their body part or other complicating factors.\n\nThe use of blood flow restriction training or BRT has gained some traction in the US in the past several years due to its apparent success of developing muscle growth, hypertrophy, while using low resistances. The exact mechanism by which it works is still unknown, but some of the early concerns of causing unrelated blood flow conditions such as deep vein thromboses have been put to rest. It appears that the blood flow can be restricted (not totally stopped) for a brief period of time and a positive hypertrophy result will occur.\n\nBRT is not an exact science and is not currently utilized in excess during traditional rehabilitation or training sessions. One theory of how it might work states that the decrease in blood flow during exercise can lead to a hypoxic state (decreased oxygen) and force the muscle to recruit and use the fast twitch (type 2) muscle fibers which produce high power output and strength. These fibers are normally recruited and utilized by a muscle when the muscle is burning stored energy fuel (glycogen) and not relying on oxygen for its fuel source. High intensity exercise such as resistance training with heavy loads has been the standard way to recruit and develop these muscle fibers. Recently, researchers and some healthcare providers have utilized the BRT to get similar results.   The major difference in training principles of the BRT vs standard is that BRT uses low loads and high repetitions to get the desired results.\n\n\nThe use of BRT shows promise in rehabilitation and many Physical Therapists will most likely incorporate it into their treatment protocols in the future. The use of low loads makes it possible for almost anyone with any condition to be able to perform the exercise routine and develop a larger, stronger muscle mass. Patients that have arthritic joints, severe weakness due to disease or age will be able to develop strength but spare the joint structures from further damage. The use of heavy resistance is not an option in some of the patient populations because they are too frail and weak to move this type of resistance, but can handle the low loads that are associated with BRT.\n\nPhysical Therapists are always trying to devise treatment plans designed to increase the strength of their patients. Any protocol that will enhance strength and protect the joint and surrounding soft tissue will be utilized as it researched and proven to be effective.   The major issue with BRT at this time is a lack of definitive understanding of the mechanism by which this treatment works. There are no specific protocols or guidelines that are utilized for BRT, but some have proposed an 80% occlusion of blood flow and have the patient perform up to 4 sets of 15 repetitions. Some studies have shown a gain in strength using a resistance that is as low as 30% of the patient’s 1 repetition maximum (RPM).   This compares to using a minimum of 70% 1 RPM in traditional training methods to get a strength gain.\n\nBRT shows promise in helping many populations gain strength without jeopardizing other structures that might be put in harm’s way when utilizing traditional training methods. Much more research has to be performed on this type of training to determine why and how it works.   The research has to determine the protocols that will enhance a patient’s strength and be a guideline for all healthcare practitioners to follow when incorporating BRT into their treatment regimen.\n\n\nVist our main website at www.ACE-pt.org\n\nBack to BLOG\n\n\nTerms and Conditions  |  Privacy  |  Locations & Registration", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.568069577217102}
+{"content": "Write table contents dissertation\n\nThe table of contents should not contain listings for the pages that precede it, but it must list all parts of the thesis or dissertation that follow it if relevant, be sure to list all appendices and a references section in your table of contents. This method is almost identical to how you would manually create a table of contents or list of tables ( see table of contents manual and manual for formatting the tables and the list of tables in the thesis or dissertation ) in microsoft word. How to write a table of contents the table of contents in a document acts as a map for the reader, making it easier for them to find information in the document based on title and page number. Information content for industrial production regardless of sample: [t]he spread is a predictor of real economic activity, not prices, and of nominal magnitudes only to the extent that they reflect real ones (friedman and kuttner 1993, p 214.\n\nTable of contents, list of figures, and list of tables (postgraduate) - business economics - economic policy - publish your bachelor's or master's thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay making a table of contents work replacing the dissertation's title might be the best-known revision trick. The top edge of the page sample table of contents (annotated) table of contents acknowledgments iii of fi list of tables numbers on vi. After a table of contents, most theses also include a list of tables and a list of figures to make compiling this list less difficult, you can use a specific kind of label each time you insert tables and figures that will allow you to generate the list automatically in word. Using this article, you should be able to understand how to create the best table of contents for dissertation the use of table of contents while being important for most written work, is very important for dissertations, especially, when the proper methodology of creating the table of contents is followed.\n\nTable of contents template this microsoft word document can be saved to your computer to use as a template it was created using microsoft office 2013 version of word. Planning and writing a thesis with a table of contents this is the time of year when our masters students are starting to think about how they're going to write their theses it can be a daunting concept. Table of contents page for thesis or dissertation table of contents format center the term table of contents the table of contents should only include listings for the acknowledgements page and any sections following the table of contents.\n\nViewing and comparing several thesis tables of contents is a good way to master writing a thesis table of contents for instance, you may study some of the dissertations in the article collection of p rof e ssayscom. Don't describe the contents of the figures and/or tables in the text item-by-item instead, use the text to point out the most significant patterns, items or trends in the figures and tables. The table of contents of the book: a novice guide to how to write a thesis: quick tips on how to finish your thesis or dissertation the book is around 138 pages of 6 x 9 inches paperback book.\n\nBasic table of contents we will first examine a basic style followed by the apa and mla formats a basic table of contents should show what topics have been covered in your writing or story, and how your piece has been organized. In addition to using figure and table lists, you may also find it useful to include a list of abbreviations and a glossary in your dissertation if you go this route, use the following order: table of contents. In writing your dissertation you will draw on some of this earlier writing to produce a longer and more comprehensive account contents, and figure and table lists. The table of contents is an index of everything in the dissertation - it should not include the title and contents page a table of contents , toc for short, lists in order the varying chapters of your dissertation all the way through to the bibliography and appendices.\n\nWrite table contents dissertation\n\nTables, figures and illustrations should be identified with the word table, figure, or other appropriate descriptor, and include a title and/or caption you must use a consistent format for titles and captions of tables, figures and illustrations throughout the thesis. Table of contents and lists of tables and figures because a dissertation does not have an index, your table of contents should be as comprehensive as possible include all headings and subheadings, exactly as they appear in the text, up to and including level 2. How to write a table of contents for a dissertation descriptor essay product negative leadership behavior essay praevius essayons narrative essay thesis statement kalд±plarд± conduction essay in child words how to write a good introduction to a law essay.\n\n  • In the table of contents, you list all the chapters of your dissertation as well as their page numbers the table of contents ensures that the reader of your dissertation has an overview and can easily find which chapter begins at what page.\n  • Tables, figures, illustration requirements and tips include captions/titles/headings for tables, figures, and other illustrations as paragraph text this allows captions and headings to be populated into the table of contents (toc) or the lists that appear after the toc.\n  • Helsinki university of technology 12122005 networking laboratory version 10 1 / 3 some guidelines for thesis contents and writing for writing the contents of your thesis, numerous common rules apply, some of which are listed below.\n\nIt demonstrates how to format your table of contents these basics can help you to put your final dissertation or thesis document into proper apa format (or a proprietary format that your school. Sample thesis/dissertation approval (tda) form doctoral students do not include the tda in the pdf thesis file use of adobe reader to open and fill in the form is strongly recommended. (headers and footers, chapter titles, footnotes, table of contents, other lists, etc) 2 organizing the files managing a complex document, such as a book or a thesis, can be complicated.\n\nwrite table contents dissertation The table of contents (toc) is an organized listing of the chapters and major sections of your document readers will immediately be able to see how your manuscript is organized and then skip down to sections that are most relevant to them. write table contents dissertation The table of contents (toc) is an organized listing of the chapters and major sections of your document readers will immediately be able to see how your manuscript is organized and then skip down to sections that are most relevant to them.\nWrite table contents dissertation\nRated 5/5 based on 45 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9733051061630249}
+{"content": "Cultural globalization in the context of\n\nA multi-cultural, global workforce symbolizes a new way of thinking about diversity and inclusion efforts [sws_pullquote_right]”the definition of global diversity should encompass an understanding of the differences between countries and the internal diversity of each country” [/sws_pullquote_right. Political consequences of globalization challenges to national sovereignty and identity anti-globalism activists often depict the mcdonald’s, disney, and coca-cola corporations as agents of globalism or cultural imperialism—a new form of economic and political domination. In its broadest sense, globalization refers to the economic, social, cultural, and political processes of integration that result from the expansion of transnational economic production, migration, communications, and technologies. Culture is complex and multifaceted thus, defining culture as contested meaning, shared meaning, and as a resource is useful in the context of globalization people who initiate intercultural relationships are drawn to each other based on. The context of a series of articles on cultural globalization published in the washington post in 1998 this series on “american popular culture abroad” appropriates hybridity to describe the global reception of.\n\nCultural globalization integrates scholars from several disciplines, such as anthropology, sociology, communication, cultural studies, geography, political science and international relations the field is notably broad as there are several concepts which may be perceived as cultural or transnational. Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc cultural globalization has increased cross-cultural contacts, but may be accompanied by a decrease in the uniqueness of once-isolated communities. The global film market is a strategic site for examining the global influence of american media culture using a database compiled by the european audiovisual observatory, i show that the global film market consists of 34 countries that produce over 25 films per year. Review of international comparative management volume 12, issue 5, december 2011 993 cultural globalization in the context of international business.\n\nCultural globalization in the context of organizational psychology, this is another important aspect of globalization which refers to the growth of cross-cultural contacts the cultures of the world have become similar and have had influence from one another in many ways. Globalization would integrate nigeria culture and allow each cultural community to view the other’s culture in the internet as a sport (football) which is a western culture unites nigeria more. The context of globalization the global cultures of immigrant children • increasingly, immigrant children are growing up in two, related global youth people and culture • globalization with: – ethics - less violation of human rights – equity - less disparity within and between nations. In the context of globalization, educational research in the vygotskian sociocultural tradition should embrace the multidimensional character of educational action, move beyond national boundaries.\n\nVenkat mani, in an essay published in 2014, submits that world literature is best understood in the larger context of global media dissemination mani points out that in the globalized world that exists today, the place of origin of a literary work does not necessarily define the cultural or national context of the work. Globalization and informatization provide a context that ultimately can be at odds with traditional cultural forms to what extent, for example, can islam, which is rooted in the history and the language of the arabs, survive postmodern globalization. Title = vygotsky’s sociocultural theory in the context of globalization, abstract = the article reviews the social-educational theorization of the early soviet psychologist l s vygotsky (1896–1934) in the light of the impact of communicative globalization in educational practice. The myths of cultural globalization essay single phenomena are studied in their social context and the interpenetration of different aspects of human life, of, let’s say, legal propositions, worldviews, rituals and social structure are of central concern.\n\nCultural globalization in the context of\n\nCultural globalization involves the spread of language, the arts, food, business ideas, and technology, and therefore, its impact is felt by almost everybody in the world factors of cultural. Today, therefore, the analysis of globalization requires a comprehensive approach based on the context of fragmenintegración since the particular combination of developments in the political, military, economic, migratory, cultural and ecological spheres, the complex interactions between them, is what played the distinctive shape and. Cultural globalization conjuring up images of planet hollywood and the mtv generation one of the most visible proponents of this perspective is political scientist benjamin barber, who formulated his theory about the globalization of culture in the book jihad vs mcworld (1996. Globalization yesterday, today, and tomorrow edited by jim sheffi eld, victoria university of wellington the cultural roots of the unsustainability of the contempo- first century in the context of historical trends: clear constraints to future growth.\n\n  • For centuries, textiles and clothing styles have been one of the most obvious and poignant indicators of cross-cultural interchange with the rapid rise of globalization over the past several decades, the spread of fashion across global cultures has mirrored the changes in economy, culture, and.\n  • In this context, the phrase ‘prevention of terrorism’ is quite appropriate and fully reveals the nature of activities aimed at combating terrorism in the modern world in the face of increasing intensity of various political, economic, social and other processes it is very difficult to confront the threats that are caused by globalization.\n\nIn the context of modern globalization and to oversimplify, colonialism specifically refers to western european domination over much of the world starting in the fifteenth century, but the origins of that movement is in the asian overland-trade routes previously established. 3 learning within the context of culture the increasing diversity in our schools, the ongoing demographic changes across the nation and the movement towards globalization dictate that we develop a more in-depth understanding of culture if we want to bring about true understanding among diverse populations. Cultural globalization is the interaction of cultures around the world that are becoming more and more similar it is the opposite of cultural distinctiveness in which people keep their own.\n\ncultural globalization in the context of Citizenship and globalization in its current manifestations part ii will contrast the impact of  historical or cultural collectives  in this context, globalization erodes the congruence between the boundaries of the nation (the community of citizens) and the state (the territorial political boundary.\nCultural globalization in the context of\nRated 3/5 based on 23 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9940921068191528}
+{"content": "Would you like to feel more confident?\n\nHow would you feel if you could be free of that negative self talk?\n\nImagine a life where you could make bold decisions and choices without worrying about anything holding you back or getting in your way?\n\nWe are not born with self confidence issues. We tend to pick these up in our younger years, often absorbing messages from parent, caregivers, teachers and peers.\nWe often develop limiting beliefs, common ones being not good enough or not fitting in.\n\nWe will then develop habits and patterns as we get older in attempts to avoid situations as we lack confidence in ourselves.\n\nIt is sometimes easier to keep us safe and by doing this, we may avoid challenges.\n\nJanine can help by giving you tools and strategies you can use to face any situation with confidence and ease!\n\nThose niggling inner negative voices of self doubt can be eliminated so you can face any challenge with strength and determination.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9992597103118896}
+{"content": "Home / Opinion and Issues/ Checks and balances\n\nChecks and balances\n\nComments / {{hitsCtrl.values.hits}} Views / Friday, 15 August 2014 01:23\n\nThe term ‘checks and balances’ is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as follows: “Counterbalancing influences by which an organisation or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that power in political institutions is not concentrated in the hands of particular individuals or groups.” Webster Concise Encyclopaedia elaborates it further as follows: “Principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power. Checks and balances are applied primarily in constitutional governments. They are of fundamental importance in tripartite governments, such as that of the US, that separate powers among legislative, executive, and judicial departments. Checks and balances, which modify the separation of powers, may operate under parliamentary systems through exercise of a parliament’s prerogative to adopt a no-confidence vote against a government; the government, or cabinet, in turn, ordinarily may dissolve the parliament. In one-party political systems, informal checks and balances may operate when organs of an authoritarian or totalitarian regime compete for power. See also Federalist papers; judicial review; separation of powers.” Constitution of Sri Lanka The Constitution of Sri Lanka is a hybrid system of the constitutions of USA and France and comprising of thinking of its creator. Checks and balances are introduced to the constitutions to facilitate the functions of Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary where the responsibility of the Legislature is to impose the laws; the responsibility of the Executive to implement the same and the responsibility of Judiciary is to see whether those are implemented properly. The President of the US can be summoned by the Judiciary and the British Prime Minister is responsible to the Parliament. These checks and balances are beneficial to the people since thereby the state can provide a better service as a result of lesser power concentration of one entity or individual. The Constitution of Sri Lanka is quite different. The Executive is above not only the Legislature and Judiciary but also the Constitution itself. As a result the associates of the Executive are also placed little below the Executive but above such constitutional institutions on the directives of the Executive but outside of the constitutional provisions. Whatever the checks and balances imposed by the creators of the Constitution are being destroyed day-by-day. It was the intention of the creators of the Constitution not to let one party have too much of power in the Parliament since the members of the Parliament were selected by Proportional Representation. It was prohibited in the Constitution to change the party and cross-over to the opponent side by the Parliamentarians. Violation of provision The Judiciary of Sri Lanka violated this fundamental constitutional provision and allowed Opposition Parliamentarians to cross-over to the Government benches, thereby making the ruling party stronger with a power not given to them by the people and creating a major hindrance to the constitutional checks and balances. The period of all powerful executive was limited to two terms. In the US constitution this limitation was brought in as an amendment after Theodore Roosevelt attempted to become US President third time, breaking the widely-acknowledged tradition. This key component of the constitution was amended enabling the Executive to stay more than two terms with the power derived by the ruling party with illegitimate crossovers and with the blessings of Judiciary. When the legitimate checks and balances are faded away, checks and balances are coming in to the system outside of the Constitution giving an extended interpretation to checks and balances and going beyond the accepted limitations. Rebellions After the introduction of the present Constitution and when the then President kept on amending the Constitution based on his whims and fancies, the JVP insurrection came in against the authority of the regime. At the beginning people enjoyed the anti-Government activities of the rebels but when the rebellion progressed enjoyment was dissolved. However the autocracy   of the then regime was somewhat controlled by the rebellion. Although the rebellion by LTTE has taken a communal frontage it was in essence a rebellion against an authoritative rule. If not for the unwise and narrow-minded moves and intentions of its leader it had the potential of controlling autocratic intentions of the State. These two rebellions were checks and balances immerged outside the Constitution when constitutional checks and balances were substituted with autocracy. Concept of sovereignty Modern day, the concept of sovereignty is being challenged in the light of international law. If the national state is supreme then it is argued that no international law norm is valid unless the state has somehow consented to it. The concepts of weapons of mass destruction, genocide and failed states create problems for sovereignty. Under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade whose membership is not limited to a sovereign states but, instead, to a state or separate customs territory possessing full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations. Therefore today sovereignty is not interpreted in the same way it was interpreted prior to World War II. In this light the international pressure faced by the present Government can be considered as checks and balances to safeguard the people from an autocratic way of governance. External pressure It was evident that the Northern Provincial Council election was held due to the pressure of India in light of the CHOGM to be held in Sri Lanka. Because of this piece of checks and balances the country can say that there is a democratic process within although the day-to-day functions of the Council is hampered by the Government intentionally. When Khuram Sheikh, a British national, was murdered and his girlfriend was raped, the murder investigation was unduly delayed due to political influence. The litigation process was recommenced with the pressure of the British Government and especially after the news that Prince Charles was to inquire about the progress at the time of CHOGM. These are checks and balances outside the Constitution although the people of the soil are not fortunate enough to get such influence.  Although it is the duty of the Attorney General to appeal against the verdict of the said case going in line with the Royal Park murder case, considering the political influence prevalent related to this case, we should commend the Attorney General for his action. Disgrace If the state and the people think in the best way, the checks and balances required for good governance of the country should have been incorporated into the Constitution of the country. It is a disgrace if there are checks and balances outside of the Constitution.Citizens of a country cannot approve of the situation where a part of the people influences an elected government with an armed struggle while the international community influences an elected government with pure might or under international law. Unfortunately the governance structure of Sri Lanka has not learnt any lessons out of three insurrections faced by the country within a relatively short span of the history. It is the duty of the elected Government to live up to the international standards which are agreed upon by the independent nations and adjust its foreign policy so that it cannot be intimidated by any. If things are not happening in the appropriate way, the people of the country would be benefitted by the working of checks and balances outside of the Constitution. (The writer is a Chartered Accountant by profession and holds a Master of Business Administration degree awarded by the Postgraduate Institute of Management of University of Sri Jayewardenepura.)\n\nShare This Article\n\n\n\n\n3. We may remove hyperlinks within comments.\n\n\n\n\nToday's Columnists\n\nUntruth is the crisis\n\nTuesday, 13 November 2018\n\n\nRise, Sri Lankans – our country needs you now!\n\nTuesday, 13 November 2018\n\n\nRanil abused and subverted parliamentary democracy\n\nTuesday, 13 November 2018\n\n\nThe Bench must ensure that the judges will continue to be trusted\n\nMonday, 12 November 2018\n\n\nColumnists More", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9867861270904541}
+{"content": "Have you ever felt stuck in a relationship that went sour but you just couldn’t bring yourself to end it? It’s not just you. It happens to a lot of people in a lot of situations.\n\nThere’s even a term for it: the sunk cost effect. Once we’ve invested time, money or energy into something, we’re hesitant to give up on it.\n\nIt’s the reason we have closets full of clothes we no longer wear, stay in jobs we no longer like and are reluctant to move out of places we used to love but now drive us crazy.\n\nA paper published in the journal Psychological Science explores our tendency to stay all in on a botched plan.\n\n“The sunk cost effect is the general tendency for people to continue an endeavor, or continue consuming or pursuing an option, if they’ve invested time or money or some resource in it,” said Christopher Olivola, an assistant professor of marketing at Carnegie Mellon’s Tepper School of Business. “That effect becomes a fallacy if it’s pushing you to do things that are making you unhappy or worse off.”\n\nOne of the reasons we get snared in this psychological trap may be because we hate experiencing regret and admitting that we have made a mistake, experts suggest. Sticking with the plan, even when it no longer works, is a way to avoid cognitive dissonance: the mental disconnect between paying for something and not getting the expected return on investment, Olivola said.\n\n“After we commit, we humans tend to shackle ourselves to our own decisions,” an article in Smithsonian Magazine put it. The sunk cost fallacy might be a self-defense mechanism, a way to reinforce our confidence in the effort we’ve put in — basically, a way to save face with ourselves, as University of Minnesota neuroscientist Brian Sweis told Smithsonian.\n\nBad romance is an iconic example. Sometimes people chain themselves to an unhappy relationship just because they’ve wasted so much time on it. If they cut and run, they will have to face the failure. “The longer you’ve been together, the harder it is to break up,” Olivola said.\n\nThis tendency to stick with the plan, even when it’s a total bomb, also appears to happen in other species, such as mice and rats. □", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9765923023223877}
+{"content": "What is Learning?\n\n\nSo let’s check out knowledge acquisition: “facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.”\n\nWhat my experiences in learning and teaching have offered me is realizing that human brains are receptive to their surroundings, unless sleeping or otherwise focused, and therefore receive/acquire input constantly, whether or not it is fact or myth.\n\nThe natural world is full of awe inspiring phenomena full of rich scientific wonders and fact finding potential.\n\nAssumptions and easy guesses make us vulnerable to short-cutting scientific research that has taken the past few hundred years of painstaking experimentation and data gathering, revision and collaboration.\n\nWhat we have learned and continue to learn in science is rapidly enhanced by technological advances.\n\nHumankind tend to cling to long held beliefs and think it is their personal preference to choose to believe or not to believe in facts. Facts can be advanced, even overturned as better tools like microscopes, telescopes, satellites, computers and our ability to gain rapid access to new advances in knowledge. Until proven otherwise, facts are facts.\n\nIt is time to learn scientific facts: physics, biology, ecology, mathematics, astronomy, oceanography, etc. This is a time of rapid advances! Don’t we want our children to understand the awesomeness of Life and Physical Phenomena on Planet Earth? Our Home!\n\nOur children need a solid foundation in what it has taken Scientists so long to acquire but are now fully available to everyone of us.\n\nChildren can learn that the Earth is a relative mote of dust in comparison to the Expansive Universe.\n\nChildren can learn to treasure, to admire, to gain access and deep comprehension of so many large wonders, factual knowledge, that for so long humans could merely guess the answers to and create stories to answer their children’s serious “why?” Please tell me why? how? Inquiring minds want to understand with deep complexity.\n\nIt is time to end faulty explanations of ideas with beliefs and myths and assumptions that are now Known Realities.\n\nChildren are susceptible to accepting authority. You are their authority.\n\nOffer them Truth. It is Totally Awesome!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9172406196594238}
+{"content": "\nThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:\nAdj.1.hand-operated - operated by hand\nmanual - requiring human effort; \"a manual transmission\"\n\n\n(hӕnd) noun\n7. handwriting. written in a neat hand.\nˈhandful noun\nˈhandbag noun\nˈhandbill noun\na small printed notice.\nˈhandbook noun\nˈhandbrake noun\nˈhandcuff verb\nˈhandcuffs noun plural\nˈhand-lens noun\na magnifying-glass held in the hand.\nˌhandˈmade adjective\nhand-ˈoperated adjective\nhand-operated switches.\nˈhand-outhand outbelowˌhand-ˈpicked adjective\nchosen very carefully. a hand-picked team of workers.\nˈhandshake noun\nˈhandstand noun\nˈhandwriting noun\nˈhandwritten adjective\nThe letter was handwritten, not typed.\nat hand\n2. available. Help is at hand.\nat the hands of\nbe hand in glove (with someone)\nby hand\nfall into the hands (of someone)\nforce someone's hand\nget one's hands on\ngive/lend a helping hand\nhand down\nhand in\nhand in hand\nhand on\nhand out\nhand-out noun\na leaflet.\nhandout noun\nhand over\nhand over fist\nhands down\nvery easily. You'll win hands down.\nhands off!\ndo not touch!.\nhands-on adjective\nhands up!\nhand-to-hand fighting.\nhave a hand in (something)\nhave/get/gain the upper hand\nhold hands (with someone)\nin good hands\nreceiving care and attention. The patient is in good hands.\nin hand\nin the hands of\nkeep one's hand in\noff one's hands\non hand\n(on the one hand) … on the other hand\nout of hand\nshake hands with (someone) / shake someone's hand\na show of hands\ntake in hand\nto look after, discipline or train.\nto hand\nReferences in periodicals archive ?\nCompal Electronics was awarded a gold award for their desk lamp, named Lumi, which can be mounted to the wall or placed on a surface, and is hand-operated.\nDuring the 1860s and '70s, sprayers with hand-operated pumps were developed, but they were slow and tedious to use.\nThe hand-operated system is simple to use and addresses destruction and construction requirements, including proof testing, providing a cost- effective means of installing or replacing meters, valves and upgrading systems from steel to poly pipe without the need for a shutdown.\nModels with hand-operated locks are available with top plates measuring 4\" (102 mm) by 3-1/8\" (79 mm) that have slotted fixing holes to suit 5/16\" (8 mm) diameter bolts.\nTransferring liquids from small drums, buckets and carboys using hand-operated, manual pumps can be a time-consuming and messy process, even if correct procedures are followed.\nThis manual, hand-operated digital pull tester is asserted to deliver accurate pull-force readings required to verify crimp quality.\nFeatures include an NIST calibration certificate, conformance to ASTM D-2240, a one year warranty, a custom made carrying case, the durometer holds the reading until it is reset, it is cost-effective and hand-operated, and it features jeweled movement.\nThe device is a hand-operated tool attached to the multi-piece rim/wheel and permits the tire technician to push and hold the front rim flange and bead of the tire back to install the O-Ring.\nof Akron, Ohio, has released a new, hand-operated water pump.\nThe heavy duty hand-operated tools were created for use in a wide variety of industries, ranging from fluid instrumentation systems in processing plants to laboratory equipment applications.\nThis unique hand-operated machine uses the force of gravity to help provide the power needed to operate various types of machinery.\nHe uses the process of lost wax casting for bronze sculptures like this American Dream Catcher ($16,675), a limited-edition piece that comes with operating instructions, a \"passion reservoir\" and hand-operated tuning spindle that he says helps the device accept your positive energies, madeby, 734 Central Ave.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9750882983207703}
+{"content": "Craig Thompson\n\nAnalytics 2 Chart feedback\n\nDiscussion created by Craig Thompson on Oct 19, 2018\nLatest reply on Oct 29, 2018 by Katrina Hess\n\nBeside the \"Course Grade\" title, there's a v-icon for a drop down menu. The drop down menu has only one item. This appears useless.\n\n\nIn the comparison filters box, there's also a v-icon, which is un-clickable. This appears to be useless.\n\n\nIn the comparison filters box, there's a small \"x\" on user-added filters. But, clicking anywhere on the filter-pill will remove the filter. The \"x\" is superfluous.\n\n\nWhen viewing with multiple filters, sometimes the markers in the chart perfectly overlap. In this case, it's not possible click on the marker that is underneath. When comparing two students, this can give the impression that one student did not submit the assignment, when in fact their marker is just obscured by another marker.\n\n\nWhy can't the Course average be remove from the filter list? Use case: I want to compare 3 students, and I don't care about the Class average.\n\n\nEntering an assignment name in the comparison filter box does not filter, it performs a \"select\" operation, equivalent to clicking on a marker for an assignment. This behaviour is inconsistent with adding a filter for a student or a section, and should be split out into a different interaction. If both a single student, and the class average are displayed, entering an assignment name in the filter box will \"select\" one of them, but not both. This is surprising to the user.\n\n\n\"Filter\" is a misnomer in the filter box. Every time you \"add\" a filter, more data points are displayed. Typically, filtering reduces the number of data points.\n\n\nThe counts on the three filter tabs are not clear, and inconsistent. By default, the Course average is displayed, and the \"total students\" tab counts all 10 students in my course. When I add a filter for one student, the \"total students\" tab now counts 1 student, even though the chart still displays the \"course average\" markers, representing all 10 students, PLUS the markers for the single student.\n\n\nThe \"filter tabs\" don't filter \"students\", as their naming suggests (to me). Instead, they filter which assignments are displayed: all, only those assignments where at least one student has not submitted, and only those where at least one student submitted late. When the count in the tab is \"0\", and I click on it, and see data points, I'm very confused.\n\n\nWhen viewing a summary card for an assignment, clicking anywhere outside the card should close the card, not just the \"x\" in the top right corner.\n\n\nHovering on the assignment/discussion/quiz icon on the x-axis of the chart should display the name of the item. The information value of the tics on the x-axis is too low as-is.\n\n\n\"Chart Options\" is a poor name for the kebab menu, as the data may be displayed as either a table or chart.\n\n\nUnder the \"Chart Options\" kebab menu, it's possible to check on/off the \"display shapes\" option, after selecting \"Data Table\". This doesn't make sense.\n\n\nIn the chart, assignments without due dates appear to the left of those with due dates, this is the reverse behaviour from legacy analytics.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8194516897201538}
+{"content": "Creation full of miracles?\n\n(Mary) #1\n\nI came across this quote today: \"Albert Einstein said, ‘There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.’ \" Unfortunately, a quick search on line tells me that it probably wasn’t Einstein who said it! - but it got me thinking. I think some of the hostility from YECs and others towards BioLogos is that they think we are removing the miraculous from creation - kind of explaining why God isn’t necessary. Whereas, my take on the BioLogos view is that we are seeing God’s hand in the whole of creation, everywhere! and ongoing! So basically miracles everywhere (although many of them conform to a pattern, so some would no longer consider them as miracles). Is our belief in the continuous action of God in creation something we need to stress more?\n\n(Jay Johnson) #2\n\nFrequent poster @Jon_Garvey has a discussion on his blog about [“creatio continua”] ( that you should check out. A similar discussion of three traditional Christian approaches to miracles – “conservationism,” “concurrentism,” and “occasionalism” – here should interest you.\n\nAs for your question, yes, we do need to stress God’s intimate involvement in creation, both from the beginning right up to the present moment.\n\n(Mary) #3\n\nThanks for that. As soon as I had posted I realised that I don’t actually want to say that God directly caused every mutation - because some of them are completely bad, and saying he caused all of the mutations except the bad ones is not very satisfying! So there has to be a middle ground. The discussions you site give names to those views! So thanks.\n\n(Scott koshland) #4\n\nHow do we know what a miracle is? Is it something improbable? Unlikely? Impossible? What does it take that we call it a miracle?\n\nIt seems that the creation of life is at the least an improbable and not inevitable occurance. Would this not be a miracle?\n\n(Jay Johnson) #5\n\nGood gosh! You’re asking me to think!\n\nI agree with the general direction of your questions. In fact, I usually try to avoid using the words “supernatural” and “miracle,” but it’s hard to break a habit without slipping on occasion. The Bible itself never uses the terms. The vocabulary is that of “signs” and “wonders,” and the category of “supernatural” doesn’t even exist in the biblical vernacular. Most of the philosophizing and theologizing about miracles and the supernatural thus start from a faulty premise.\n\nDo we define “miracle” by modern everyday usage? The way that we use actually use the word, it can mean everything from improbable to impossible. Do we define it by philosophical definitions, such as David Hume’s? I can define “signs” and “wonders,” but “miracle” has become so devalued as to be indefinable and worthless. Was the creation of life a miracle? I would simply call it an act of God. Beyond that, it depends who you are talking to and what definition of miracle they are carrying around in their head.\n\nA sorry reply, I know.\n\n(Scott koshland) #6\n\nThank you. That is actually quite interesting and thought provoking to me. Even though we could eventually possibly explain creation of life from non life matter we are still presented with an improbable (low probability) event. Is our God not a God of the gaps but a God of the improbable?\n\n(Mary) #7\n\nIt is interesting how this thread is going! I come from the background of a church that sees healing happen quite frequently, so God doing the improbable is normal to us. That means that I equally don’t have a problem with the idea of God directing a process of creation that happens over billions of years, with a constant hand in the process. We might question about whether a single mutation is a “miracle”, but the overall effect of moving from one life form to another and increasing in diversity and wonder, not to mention the beginning of life, is surely all in God’s hands and part of “The Creation”? Sometimes when we get into the details of how much God is directly involved and how much he leaves us with choices and how much he directs or allows pain, we end up confused - because we are not God! But I believe the important thing for us to communicate to others is that we don’t believe in a God who says one word, makes it all and then sleeps more or less (bar a few blips where he might create another kind). We believe in a God who is continuously transforming things. It is just that he often does so through similar processes which we can describe with science. But the fact that we can describe them doesn’t mean God is not involved.\n\n(Scott koshland) #8\n\nI do see what I think are miracles in many ways in the world. Events and occurances that seem to be improbable and not random. Our Lord Jesus performed miracles so that we would know to believe in Him. Creation is certainly a miracle and the will of God. It is an improbable event or sequence of events as considered by science and yes whether it occured in a moment or the span of billions of years that is but a blink of the eye of the Lord.\n\n(George Brooks) #9\n\nMiracles are very subjectively viewed…\n\nFortunately, the BioLogos mission statements allows for as many miracles as one might perceive in connection with God-directed evolution.\n\n(Jon Garvey) #10\n\n“Improbable” means simply that something doesn’t happen regularly. It doesn’t mean that it happens on its own.\n\nFor example, I get up every morning, but have only got married once in my life. Both are rational, and even normal, results of my choice, and the latter is only “improbable” in the sense of being unrepeated in my life. Of course, if, if I’d married the Queen of Faeryland and produced 7 daemon daughters some other word like\"miracle\" might have to be used. But if I hadn’t made a choice, neither my getting up nor being married would have happened on their own.\n\nNow, traditional (and biblical) Christian belief is that God is ultimately behind all the events in his Creation (with voluntary acts by humans or angels being a rather special case we can ignore here): it’s not important in this context whether God works directly or through secondary causes. The point is that nothing happens on its own - the idea that “probability” might cause something either commonly, rarely, or not at all apart from some act of God’s will is to make a mere description of frequency into a cause apart from God.\n\nDo we see something in creation happen predictably every day? We might describe that as “natural” - but what does that mean, other than that God is causing it to happen regularly either by some decree we call a “law”, by creating things with regular “natures”, or just by being faithful in what he does himself. The result is the same - “natural” means “God’s regularity.”\n\nDo we see something that can’t be fully explained by “natural (ie regular) causes”, either because it’s so rare there’s no pattern, or because we can’t know enough to see if there are patterns at the scale of individual events (eg chaotic events, events we happen not to measure, quantum events or something apparently unique like the origin of life)? Then God is causing it to happen irregularly, one way or another. “Natural” means very little in that context - certainly it can’t mean “regular and repeatable”. And “improbable” is equally meaningless, because nothing would happen on its own apart from God anyway.\n\nI agree with Jay that “miracle” would be an unhelpful word too for such things, first because it would leave you without a word for things God that does in order to teach or reveal his power (like Mazza’s frequent, but not routine, healings). But also because the Creation is chock full of unrepeatable happenings that can’t be reduced to patterns: the whole world would be a miracle. If they are not signs of God’s activity, then there’s another god called “Probability” with his brother “Improbability” involved in making the world. One God (in three Persons) is enough for me!\n\n(Bill Wald) #11\n\nMost 21st century “miracles” are highly improbable events. Most people don’t understand probability.\n\n(George Brooks) #12\n\n\nThe mission statement of BioLogos is perfectly happy with miracles.\n\n(Scott koshland) #13\n\nI do believe that God is in control and that God has acted by the forces and laws that He has created. However, I think it comes down to probability and selection. It seems a little more difficult to say that God created life by a miracle and then let evolution develop life. It all is related to probability. We know that Genetics follows statistical probability. The probability of genotype/phenotype formation. The creation of life is a highly unlikely event or sequence of events but it is possible. Once the biological systems of life have been created the evolutionary events can be considered as a probability to occur over time. Then the different genetic variations formed can be selected over time.\n\n(Jon Garvey) #14\n\nScott, this - in my view - is the misapprehension that impacts creation doctrine with a falsehood. The truth is that genetics follows specific (and largely unknown) causes that result in a probability distribution. Nothing ever follows probability: rather caused events create it.\n\nA probablity distribution is merely a human device for us humans to get some general information from the totality of a system whose individual causes (whether the interactions of particles obeying laws of nature, or the individidual purposeful acts of God - or even teleonomic “physiological” acts on the part of organisms) are unknown to us. “Unknown” is the only legitimate scientific meaning of “random”, and therefore of the drivers of probability.\n\nWhen one says God “lets” evolution occur, one asserts either that “evolution” is an alternative intelligent agent independent of God (a Platonic of Gnostic demiurge, in other words), or that there is a power called “chance” in the Universe, which when God steps aside, continues to work in its own right - and logically must be greater than God, because it always works where he does not.\n\nA “soft” alternative is that, for reasons which amount to little more than gambling, God “built” statistical chance into the world so that stuff he didn’t particularly intend would happen. This amounts to his abstaining from creation, for which the main biblical idea (cf John Walton) is the bringing of the order and function of the world together, more than it is simply bringing the universe into existence.\n\nI wrote about that kind of chance at length here.\n\n(GJDS) #15\n\nThere is a great deal of misapprehension when people use phrases such as “God works through laws of science”, or “God uses chance” and so on. God does, and we may, perhaps, gain some limited understanding of phenomena and the outcomes of what God does. Theologically we use the phrase, “God sustains His creation”, because the act of creation and sustaining are not separate events. Philosophically we need to contemplate “phenomena” that is sensibly apprehended by human intellect. Scientifically we differentiate between reproducible events and the exact conditions required for such, and that of human enquiry and speculation.\n\nTheological error is compounded when people accept erroneous beliefs that they think are derived from science. If we need to argue semantics, than one way is to say that the entire creation is a miracle. If we restrict our use of the term, we may argue that specific events have occurred (such as stated in the Gospels) that Christ brought about to teach His disciples and display God’s mercy to us.\n\n(Scott koshland) #16\n\nJon. Thank you for your note and reference. I can see you have done extensive thought into these matters! Whether this is cause is not the issue that I am addressing. I agree God is in ultimate control. The Sun shines because of nuclear fusion as God directs. The issue Is that to us that life and evolution appear variable and outcomes based statistically on probability is not a cause of an event but more an ability to predict whether that can occur.\n\nThere is variability and probability and selection all through life. I agree It is not the cause but the design by which these systems adapt. Consider the immune systems use of recombination to form variable regions that form the binding region of antibodies. These are then selected by the antigen presentation process. This form of variation and selective adaptation appears to us how God often achieves his purpose.\n\n(Jon Garvey) #17\n\n\nYes - an important set of distinctions. “Chance” in the “epistemological” sense (ie stuff happens that we can’t predict) can be analogously applied where the word “knowledge” doesn’t strictly apply. Thus a small insect poking its proboscis into holes in search of food is “unsure” where the food is, and so may be said to be orientated to chance, to some degree or another (and one could estimate the average probability of its finding a meal). That is an entirely different question from God’s using chance.\n\nThe immune system is a comparable example, indeed. As far as the system goes, it is hypermutating in every direction it can and will hit the effective defence “by chance”. At the same time, the fact that the system has evolved/is designed to search the possibilities so effectively is not at all fortuitous. Like a coin toss, one needs a very carefully constrained (ie designed) system to get the required result, even when the requirement is to cover the ground as widely as possible.\n\n(Neal Heires) #18\n\nI am replying to this string of thought on two fronts.\n\n  1. Miracles - Most YECs think that miracles are in essence something created from nothing and that God can break the law of conservation of energy - energy cannot be created or destroyed. But biblically we know that God is Almighty, and that you cannot add to or take away from God. Since this is true, this also means God himself cannot create energy because he is already Almighty and needed to create more energy would mean he was not might enough already. You see where this is going? The conservation of energy is NOT just a scientific principle, it is a biblical one. If so, then how does God perform miracles. Now to the second point…\n\n  2. Probability - In quantum physics indeed we humans cannot predict presence of quantum particles except with probability. However, God the Father who is timeless and see all things past, present, and future, can predict with certainty. The so-called uncertainty principle is not uncertain with God! So by observing the otherwise improbable, God maintains complete control over the universe and indeed even causes what we would call miracles which are extremely improbable events that happen in a way that is ordered by the will of God.\n\nDoes this make sense to anyone else out there?\n\n\nSince God created all matter/energy in the first place I don’t believe you can say He is not mighty enough to create some more.\n\nGod doesn’t have to “predict.” He sees all events past, present, and future. Tomorrow is yesterday to God. Someone said God exists in an eternal NOW.\n\n(Scott koshland) #20\n\nNeil and a Bill.\n\nThis is really a good point. I cannot really explain the world as God sees I can only try to view from our human perspective. Perhaps since we believe that God lives outside of time maybe events dont appear random or variable but He sees with absolute certainty. Maybe it is in the way that we see the world in a more condensed macro view even knowing that at a much more atomic and subatomic level quantum physics allows uncertainty and variability and that which appears to us is the predictable outcome of the world we know. Kind of like watching a movie You’ve seen before! I believe that there really isn’t any uncertainty to God just to us.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7174610495567322}
+{"content": "Comparison between Hikey960 and Hikey970\n\n\nRecently, I am trying to compare performance of GPUs between Hikey960 and Hikey970.\nThe result is strange to me. Any idea about it?\n\n- TinkerBoard HIkey960 Hikey970\nalexnet 135 31 31\ngooglenet 224 46 52\ninception_v3 802 177 195\ninception_v4 542 525\nlenet 8 9 14\nmobilenet 124 21 32\nmobilenet_qasymm8 121 26 178\nresnet50 546 96 112\nresnext50 907 221 252\nsqueezenet 132 23 159\nsqueezenet_v1_1 70 19 110\nvgg16 887 180 188\nvgg19 1069 244 232\n\nAll test-cases are the examples of Every value is msec and minimum in 100 times exectuion.\nHikey960 and Hikey970 ran on AOSP, TinkerBoard ran on TinkerOS using OpenCL.\n\nIt is understandable for me that Mali-G71 in Hikey960 is much faster then Mali-T764 in TinkerBoard. But Mali-G72 in Hikey970 is equal or slower than Mali-G71 in Hikey960.\n\nIt may be just a problem of software tuning.\nI expected that Mali-G72 is faster because of the number of shader core.\nDoes anybody have idea why such result come from?\n\n\nHi no_maddo, I have found a significant performance regression (and its cause!) with ArmCL v18.05 compared to ArmCL v18.03, especially for 1x1 convolutions used e.g. in SqueezeNet and MobileNets. As your results show a big slowdown between HiKey960 and HiKey970 especially for these models, I am wondering if it’s due to the different library versions deployed on your platforms?\n\n\nThanks. In my case, I only used v18.05.\n\n\n@no_maddo Could you please share how you built compute library on Hikey 970? Have you tried any tensorflow Models?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9959447979927063}
+{"content": "Mission Possible: Addressing Health Disparities in Heart Disease and Stroke Outcomes\n\nHeart disease is one of the leading causes of  death in the united states. The prevalence of heart disease is higher in certain groups of people. These group of people include those associated with poverty and lack of education. Also, people associated with racial and ethnic minorities. Areas such as Southeast, Appalachia and the Mississippi Delta, experience a higher prevalence in heart disease because they experience a lower education rate and a higher poverty rate. They also have a hard time accessing health care and community supports. Heart diseases today are characterized by tobacco use, poor diet and lack of physical activity. Public health helps to prevent and reduce tobacco use, improve nutrition, increase opportunities for physical activity. this helps control the rate of heart disease in some populations.\n\n\nBarbershop Helps Fight Health Disparities in Black Men\n\nIn Madison, Wisconsin the JP Hair Design Barbershop is changing the health of the community. This barbershop also houses a health center. Many men come into the barbershop to get a haircut and come out with not only that but more knowledge about their health. At the barbershop they noticed that men came in talking about their health problems but once they left it seemed those issues were not being resolved. All that changed when Aaron Perry received a grant to open his health center in the barbershop.\n\nThe grant was for $300,000 and includes plans to maintain and expand to other barbershops. The familiar environment of the barbershop makes the men more comfortable talking about their health problems and getting treated for them. This is important because in Wisconsin African American makes live seven years shorter than white males in the same state. The other barbershops may not have a whole health center in them, but they will provide educational materials and referrals to health care providers.\n\n\nWearable devices and mobile health technology—one step towards better health\n\nWith increasing efforts being made to address the current global obesity epidemic, wearable mobile health (“mHealth”) technology has been deemed a great tool for promoting physical activity and encouraging healthy habits. Current research also pinpoints the need for these new technologies that can serve best as part of a larger overall health plan, rather than working with individuals to encourage weight loss and nutrition.\n\n\n\nNationwide HPV Vaccination Percentages\n\n\n\n\nRadon Levels in the USA\n\n\n\nradon usa\n\nSource: https://www.nationalradondefense.com/radon-information/radon-map.html\n\nRadon Levels in GA\n\n\n\n\nSource: https://www.fcs.uga.edu/extension/home-radonRadon-County-Map-GA\n\nMap of Sickle Cell and Malaria in Africa\n\n\n\nsickle cell Africa\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6230877637863159}
+{"content": "Grief, Authenticity and Hope\nAs the blessed month of Ramadan is nearing its end, I would like to share a story that is encountered in the Qur’an which has a profound message for those who are experiencing sadness, disappointment, and frustration in life. It is about Prophet Jacob (peace be upon him) and what he felt when he lost his dearest son, Joseph.\nWhen we lose something or fail at an endeavor that we are working hard to achieve, the pain can oftentimes be too much that it is beyond our control. We may attempt to hide it to others, try to dismiss it or turn to distractions, or those around us would snap us and say, ‘just move on with it’. But failing to acknowledge the loss and the pain that it brings only artificially covers it. It will manifest on other forms because it remained unacknowledged.\nProphet Jacob never lost hope despite his grief, nor did he turned his back on life. He remained firm in his faith, he constantly turned to Allah, and to him he relayed his condition. He did not pretend to be strong by denying his sadness. He showed it to his family and those around him how he missed his son so much, and how he is waiting for the day that he will return. He remained authentic and true to his feelings and to his condition, there was no need to pretend or hide his weakness. Despite his lofty standing as a Prophet of Allah, he did not manipulate what he felt within himself and his vulnerability out of fear of people’s judgment. It was his genuineness as a human being that he exemplified, staying true to ones present condition, of not caring the insult or malice of others.\nThere was no need to put on a mask to display a facade of false strength. It was this acknowledgment of grief, sadness and the presence of pain that Prophet Jacob exemplified whenever I as a person think about when I lose something or someone that is dear to me, or when frustrations and disappointments come almost on a daily basis. It reminds me of a trait that humanity in these approval and fame seeking times are compromising – authenticity. There is always a time and a need to grieve and be sad, to be true to oneself and to others, to acknowledge the existence of pain and loss, and yet in the midst of what seems to be the impossible – to never lose hope.\n\nOn Transience and Continued Existence\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSurah Al-Jathiyah: 24\n\n\n\nSurah Al-‘Isra’: 49\n\n\n\n\n(to be continued…)\n\nIslamic Law and Modernity\n\nI believe that public order has to be built on civil values that are matters of consensus in the society. Consensus is a necessary practical and juridical consideration. The “Islamicity of the state” itself in the Islamic Fiqh is defined according to a number of values that must exist in the “Land of Islam”. These values, whether Muslims are majority or minority, define the Islamicity of a land. No scholar has ever said that the definition of an “Islamic state” depends on whether Muslims are majority or minority. An “Islamic State” is a state where Muslims are allowed to practice Islam as a way of life freely and where people enjoy good levels of justice, security, and the rest of these “civil” values.\n\nNot everything that is mentioned in the Qur’an in clear language is a thing that is meant to be applied literally as an end in its own right. Diligent scholars have to ask: Is this verse a means to an end or is it an end in its own right? Means mentioned in the Qur’an such as horses, swords, and the like, and distributing spoils of war, non-Muslim tax, and the like … are not fixed ends. They are changeable means with the change of history, geography, circumstances, and people. Differentiating between means and ends is an important consideration when we talk about “applying the Shari’ah” today.\n\n– Dr. Jasser Auda\n\nISIS: Between Reality & the Fiction of Conspiracy Theory\n\nMohamed Ghilan\n\nbasmala_01il_fullxfull.418001820_i14l*This article appeared originally in Arabic here.\n\n\nView original post 1,301 more words\n\nProjection Limitation\n\nI found this anonymous quote while I was browsing through some blogs yesterday and it read,\n\nI’m always struck by the irony that the behavior I dislike most in others, is the same behavior I dislike in myself— perhaps the reason I react so strongly when I see it in others is because I am reproaching myself.’\n\nUpon reading, it brought about some things which had been sitting at the back of my mind for quite sometime, things which had been achingly hoping to be expressed. This experience or insight came to my attention when I first encountered it when I was on college, and eventually since then, I often use it as a basis for analyzing my actions and thoughts— something which cause me to be alert or conscious whenever I think or am doing something. I also use it on gaining insights from observing people which became a habit I had been doing since I became interested in studying human behavior. Although from this point of view, this is not a matter of a judgmental attitude, because I use it to gain insight and educate myself and others on the nature of interpreting behavior and adapting to situations. By this habit of forming insights, I learned ways on adapting with people and situations while keeping my character and principles intact. Adapting and then keeping oneself intact is something which requires balance and ability of discernment. Nurturing both is something very much needed, at least from my point of view.\n\nPsychoanalysis and Change\n\nThe matter of disliking oneself, criticizing others, judging others negatively, etc. has been studied in-depth on a theory in psychology which is called Psychoanalysis. This theory was founded by Sigmund Freud, a Viennese psychiatrist around 1887, and which later on, was expounded by his students and subsequent psychologists. It was considered a science, a cornerstone of modern-day psychiatry and psychology, although research conducted on this theory were mostly not validated within the scientific method of trial and error experimentation. Until this day, its basic principles, if not rejected, remained open to debate by scientific circles in the study of human behavior. It is being used on assessment and treatment, but it remains largely, as a field of thought bordering between philosophy, science, and literature.\n\nUnder Psychoanalysis, there is this subject matter called the ‘Defense Mechanisms’. To understand the nature of these Defense Mechanisms, let us take a brief look at the background or basis of why these Defense Mechanisms are being studied under this theory. Psychoanalysis states that human behavior is being motivated by two forces: the life force (eros) and the death force (thanatos). The self is divided into three components: the id (instinct), the ego (the conscious self, mediator), and the superego (conscience). Between the life and death forces, the three components of the self struggle to balance and compensate one with the other, and usually, it is the ego component which mediates. This so-called ‘struggling’ and ‘compensation’ inevitably results in ‘anxiety’ because there is a continual need of the self to balance the two conflicting forces.\n\nDue to this resulting anxiety, a person consciously or unconsciously uses the Defense Mechanisms to ‘defend’ himself or ‘ward-off’ the unpleasant feelings of anxiety. Thus, the Defense Mechanisms are being put to action. The psychological make-up or character of a person has an influence on what kind of defenses he will use. One of these Defense Mechanisms is one which is called ‘Projection.’\nProjection – Attributing ones own unacknowledged feelings to others. It includes severe prejudice, rejection of intimacy through suspiciousness, hypervigilance to external danger, and injustice collecting. Projection operates correlatively to introjection, such that the material of the projection is derived from the internalized configuration of the introjects. At higher levels of function, projection may take the form of misattributing or misinterpreting motives, attitudes, feelings, or intentions of others.\n\n– Synopsis of Psychiatry, 6th Ed. 1991\n\nGoing back on the anonymous quote, it can be said that the person who wrote it is aware of his own thoughts and their occurrence (which is called ‘metacognition’), and perhaps, the kind of ‘defense’ he is using to protect himself. It may be that seeing from the outside, the person who wrote it will not acknowledge that the behavior he dislikes in others is a projection of his own disliked behavior. But he is aware of his own thoughts, and based from his own insight, he is not misattributing to others what he dislikes; rather, he acknowledges it within himself. It is then sufficient to infer that the anonymous quote is in direct opposition with the meaning of projection which is ‘attributing ones own unacknowledged feelings to others,’ because he is acknowledging his own feelings.\n\nBased from this example of insight making, I became more aware of how important it is to be conscious of our own thought processes and actions. It is not something to be taken negatively like ‘judging others’ or ‘criticizing others’. If a person is aware of his own thoughts and actions, he will be careful on doing or thinking something which will be taken against him or put him on a defensive stance. As there is a particular saying that goes, ‘be your own worst critic.’ This goes against some mainstream ideas which promote deluding oneself with false hopes or ideals which are against reality.\n\nAlthough I had mentioned this theory of Psychoanalysis and the nature of Defense Mechanisms, it does not exactly mean that I am advocating in favor of this theory. When I was still a student, I would spend hours at the library reading various books which explain and expound about it and I had found that it has a lot of critics as well, most of whom were its former adherents. They eventually slipped out of it and formed their own schools of thought and theories such as Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, while at the same time, citing criticisms and its controversial aspects. I don’t exactly know if it is still widely used today in actual practice in psychology, although there probably would still be practitioners who use it.\n\nPsychoanalysis, as a whole, is a school of thought— like branches of philosophy which can be debated at, studied, disproved etc. At some point, there are some aspects or ideas which can be derived from it which can be used in understanding of human behavior, but as a word of caution – it should never be treated or taken as an absolute truth. The same is true with the rest of the branches of psychology like Cognitive, Experimental, Behaviorism, Gestalt, etc.\n\nScience is always changing— researches are continuously conducted, new discoveries are being made, old theories are discarded and then replaced by new ones, new inventions are being designed, and new opinions or insights are being formed. All is in a constant state of change.\n\nEverything that changes can never be taken as ‘absolute’, what is relative can never be absolute. And therefore, what is dependent on change can never be relied upon or accepted as the absolute truth. Even our own formed insights can haphazardly change through the passing of time, since we do not know that there might be a situation in the future which will alter the way we perceive and understand things. In other words, there can be insights, a way of understanding— but if what we base our thoughts and actions from is something which is relative like psychology or science, how can we have certainty? Could we be content or simply depend on this constant change which is always happening? How do we strike the balance? How can we remain intact if we rely on something which is not certain?\n\n\nThis brings me on thinking about an incident that happened, again, at college. We were attending a talk which was being delivered by a human resources practitioner. He asked us to get a piece of paper and then write a list of things which we hate about other people. It is quite surprising to notice that this activity has something in common with the situation stated on the anonymous quote which was pointed out earlier. So I wrote, and looking back, I can’t remember exactly what I put on that paper. Then, after we had finished, he said that what we wrote on those papers are exactly who we are. In other words, the things that you say you hate are exactly you— yours. What you wrote reflects who you are. What you hate about others ‘is’ you. And then, I heard my seatmate saying in a surprised manner, ‘that’s true.’ But how could it be? Can we say that the speaker told the truth, or was it that he was able to play a trick on his audience? I was left wondering and thinking about it. Yes, what I wrote are exactly the things that I hate on other people, but it does not necessarily mean that I am what I hate. I know myself, what I like and what I hate. When I hate something, I stay away from it. It does not mean that what I hate is who I am— I stay away from what is hateful to me.\n\nFor example, a person who upholds the values of honesty and honor will not tolerate or accept any false accusation that he is a thief or a criminal. It is either that he will stay away from his accusers or simply ignore them. A person who likes to be clean stays away from dirty things which are hateful to him. These are two practical examples. And so, through the back of my mind, what the speaker said was not in accordance with what I uphold as a person. There is no place for me in twisting the straightforward truth to make it appear crooked.\n\nI realized then, that the activity was a form of trick, of playing with people’s minds to convince them what they are truly not. This is called ‘Psychological Manipulation’ a form of deception. It involves suggesting and injecting ideas into people’s minds and then convincing them that it is theirs or them. This is a widespread phenomenon of deceiving people and twisting the truth. It is widely being used in the media, entertainment, advertising, and even on law enforcement agencies. It alters and damages people’s perceptions and modes of thinking and seeks to control them, through various means of deception, speech and visual trickery.\n\nIf we are to look back at the definition of ‘Projection’ which is, attributing ones own unacknowledged feelings to others… At higher levels of function, projection may take the form of misattributing or misinterpreting motives, attitudes, feelings, or intentions of others, we might infer that severely criticizing the activity or statement of the speaker as a form of Psychological Manipulation can be taken as a form of projection for my part. But if we are to look into the facts and into history, we will see the proofs and drastic results of Psychological Manipulation which were done in the form of activities similar to what the speaker told us to do. To generalize it under the exclusivity of ‘Projection’ will be to reduce all forms of constructive criticism and observation under its umbrella and then use it against the well-intentioned observer.\n\nPsychological Manipulation\n\nThere are many lives which were affected due to the adverse consequences of entertainment and advertising. Innocents were made to believe and confess crimes that they never committed, through psychological trickery and injecting false information on their minds. The media contributed all throughout history the spreading of lies, misinformation, prejudice, suspicion, racism, and hatred. It dictated unrealistic and false standards for people to follow, and these standards had destroyed many lives and minds. This is outright unfair and unreasonable. This definition of Projection is too general and not everything falls under its criteria. Which is why, we need to be aware of our own thought processes and examine what we perceive around us and the degree to which our environment influences our attitudes, behavior, and actions. Once we are caught on our unawares, we might not realize that we might be unknowing victims of manipulation and control.\n\nPsychologists, whether they are students or practitioners, are taught and trained to study the nature of human behavior and to understand and help people in coping with their daily lives. I believe that what we were taught should be used to understand oneself and others, and this understanding is guided according to a very specific goal and purpose— why do we exist and why God created us—that is Ibadah (worship). Psychology or any other science, any field of endeavor or inquiry, should be sought for purposes with what God created us for. It is mentioned in the Noble Qur’an:\n\n\nIt is so sad that we are confronted on all sides with all forms of delusions and false information which lead us farther and farther away from the truth. Even though through my quiet observations, my mind is raging in opposition with what I see. I look forward that at some point, these observations will be made known to someone who might understand and views situations with a clear and broad perspective. I am not saying that I am right all the time, but there is flicker of hope that there will be those who are in open opposition with all of these rampant deceptions and adhere to the truth will all certainty and firmness. Human opinion and insight are not safe from mistakes, for consciously or unconsciously, we are influenced by external factors or internal motives which lack the certainty and purity of truth.\n\nWithout the guidance and principles of this absolute truth, what then is the sense of pursuing the endeavor of human inquiry, science?\n\nAs what was mentioned earlier, how can we rely on something which is not certain? We need to have a firm foundation from which to base our perceptions and principles. Otherwise, if there is too much reliance on things which are subject to change, the inevitable result will be confusion and chaos. It would be argued that change and conflict are crucial for development and progress.\n\nBut then, without the firm foundation, all forms of endeavor will be rendered useless and nonsense if they are based only on shifting and shaking foundations subjected to change and conflict.\n\nSlavery (Al Ubudiyyah)\n\nOne of the books that made a significant mark on the way I understand Islam, and which greatly changed the way I see the concepts of worship, slavery, submission, and love – was the brief and concise book of a 13th century Muslim scholar, Imam Ahmad Ibn ‘Abdul-Halim Ibn ‘Abdus-Salam Ibn Taymiyyah Al-Harrani (d. 728), titled Slavery. It was originally titled in Arabic as Al Ubudiyyah.\n\nAs a young child, I rummaged through my father’s books and the thin white book at that time, didn’t made such an impression on me because I thought that it was about the literal phenomenon of slavery – and even then, I might not even made a sense out of it due to my young age. The name of the author, whom at many times I heard from my father, as being a scholar of Islam – despite his immense encyclopedic knowledge and piety, he was subjected to persecution, imprisoned, and wrote books using charcoal while being alone at the bottom of a well – remained at the back of my mind. And thus, I conceived a deep respect for Ibn Taymiyyah, and I thought that one day I will be able to understand his writings, particularly the thin white book which intrigued me for a time I could hardly remember anymore.\n\nWhen I was at one of the lowest points of finding meaning on to life while going through very tough trials, I tried to read the book, hoping to find enlightenment to the heavy burdens I was carrying in my mind and soul. I was told by my parents that the book is a must-read and it carries with it a very concise message about the concept of slavery. As it turned out, it was not exactly how I thought it would be. It was not about people working as slaves in the literal sense of the word. It was about slavery to God.\n\nAl Ubudiyyah is written in a very straightforward manner as was characteristic of Ibn Taymiyyah’s writings. The verses of the Qur’an and the Hadith of the Prophet (pbuh) are elegantly integrated on the deductions of his insights. Reading the work, one can easily understand and connect with the message. It was from this book that my subsequent study and viewpoints are heavily influenced and drawn from.\n\nIt can be said that Ibn Taymiyyah is a polemicist and a very controversial figure during his time and until the present. He had many contributions in the field of Islamic scholarship, but due to his influence, and works on refutation, he earned many critics as well. But by becoming familiar with the background which he came from and the political and religious climate that had developed during his time, one can understand the reason why his work took on a polemical style.\n\nHe came from a family of religious scholars and was educated and mastered many of the Islamic sciences at a very early age. Eventually, he was qualified to issue religious verdicts (Fatawa) at the age of nineteen. He sought to establish certainty on the matters of religious creed (Aqeedah) at a time when various schools of thought, groups, and sects emerged wherein alien influences and innovations in religious teachings and practices appeared threatening the stability and unity of the Islamic world. He became famous for his knowledge of Hadith, and his knowledge of the Qur’an and its related sciences. He also attained expertise on Usul al-Fiqh and Fiqh, knowledge of the differences of opinions present among scholars, writing, mathematics, history, astronomy and medicine. One of his students, Ibn al Qayyim said,\n\nAllah knows, I have never seen anyone who had a better life than his. Despite the difficulties and all that expunges comfort and luxury, nay, things completely opposite to them; despite imprisonment, intimidation and oppression, Ibn Taymiyyah had a purer life than anyone could. He was the most generous, the strongest of heart and the most joyful of souls, with the radiance of bliss in his face. When we were seized with fear and our thoughts turned negative, and the earth grew narrow for us, we would go to him. No sooner did we look at him and hear his words, all these feelings would leave us to be replaced by relief, strength, certainty and tranquility. 1\n\nAl Ubudiyyah draws its main theme on the first and foremost pillar of Islam: that there is no god but Allah (La ilaha illallah) – Tawheed, and in perfecting ones purpose of creation, which is worship (Ibadah). That the whole of life is meant for worship of Allah with submission and love, sincerity (Ikhlas), and everything intended solely for His sake.\n\nThe following are some of the passages from the book that struck me the most, and which changed the way I understand Islam, worship, slavery, submission and love:\n\nFor knowing the right and being too arrogant to accept it is a great torture to man…\n\nSo anyone who recognizes this truth and professes it but does not fulfill the religious reality which is the worship of God and obedience to Him and His messenger, – would be of the same kind as Iblis (Satan) and Hell dwellers…\n\nIf anyone thought that he is among the elite and among the people of religious knowledge and realization who think that God’s orders are cancelled concerning themselves he would therefore be among the worst rejecters and atheists…\n\nIf this is comprehended, then the perfection of a creature is in achieving his slavery to God. The better he achieves this slavery, the most perfect he will be. Those who think that a creature can get rid of this slavery in any respect or think that getting out of it is more perfect, are the most ignorant creatures, nay the most misled ones…\n\nThe more a servant is hopeful of the bounty of God to fulfill his necessities, the stronger will his freedom from the others will be…\n\nWhoever interests his heart in the creatures for giving him aid and guidance will get his heart submitted to them even if seemingly, he is the chief who manages matters for them; but a wise man sees the truths not the appearances… Nay! The imprisonment of the heart is much more serious than that of the body; for he whose body is enslaved and imprisoned, would not care if his heart is at rest. But if the heart, which is the king of the body, is enslaved by, and fond of other things than God, this would be absolute enslavement, humiliation, imprisonment, and submitting slavery to what enthralled the heart…\n\nWe also see that anyone who craves for chief positions has a heart which may bow to any people who help him reach the position, though he might seem to be their boss, where in fact he is looking for their benefits, and being aware of their evils, he spends on them, grants them authorities, and forgives their mistakes so that they might obey and help him. Apparently, therefore, he is their indisputable master, whereas he is really an obedient slave to them…\n\nGod must be loved most by a slave and He must be the greatest of all in his sight. Nothing deserves love and complete submission except God. One who loves for the sake of anything other than God, his love is false\n\nIf your love for someone is not for God, that love is wrong, and if your reverence for someone is without order from Him, that reverence is wrong…2\n\nGod is the Lord of the Worlds, their Creator and Provident, the Giver of their life and death, the Controller of their hearts and the Dispenser of their affairs; there is no lord, no master, no creator other than He, whether they accept it and acknowledge it or not. Only the Believers among them know this truth and acknowledge it, whereas those who do not know or do not acknowledge this truth deny these realities with arrogance and refuse to submit to Him, even though they may know that He is their Lord and Creator…3\n\n\n1. Diseases of the Hearts and Their Cures. Shaykh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah trans. Abu Rumaysah. Birmingham. Dar us-Sunnah Publishers.\n\n2. Slavery. Ibn Taimieh. Beirut, Lebanon. Al Maktab Al-Islam.\n\n3.Ibn Taymiyyah Expounds on Islam: Selected Writings of Shaykh al-Islam Taqi ad-Din Ibn Taymiyyah on Islamic Faith, Life, and Society. (2000). Compiled and translated by Muhammad ‘Abdul-Haqq Ansari. Al Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Imadat Al-Bahth Al-‘Ilmi, Riyadh, KSA. Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America.\n\n\n\nPerception (pǝr sepʹshǝn) n.\n\n  1. that which is perceived.\n  2. result or product of perceiving.\n  3. awareness, insight, or information gained by perceiving.\n  4. faculty of perceiving.\n\n[Latin perceptiō collecting, comprehending.]\n\nPerceive (pǝr sēvʹ) -ceived, -ceiving. v.t.        \n\n  1. to become aware of through the senses; see, hear, taste, smell, or feel.\n  2. to take in or grasp mentally; comprehend.\n\n[Old French percevoir, from Latin percipere to take possession of, observe.]\n\n– Colliers Dictionary, Vol. 2\n\nPerception. What is it exactly? And what role does it play and what is its impact on us, the events of our lives, in the lives of others, and the outcome of our existence?\n\nAs a starting point, we need to define it operationally. The first word is Perception. It appears to be an abstract concept, an intangible innate faculty and ability. And the second is Perceive, which, based from the definition, is an action that leads to Perception. Perceiving is the action and process, while Perception is the outcome or result. The action of Perceiving thus results to running the faculty of Perception.\n\nThe first step in the process of perceiving is through the biological senses. All living things are endowed with the ability to use their senses according to their natural makeup, in responding to their outer environment and within their bodies. Science and Divine Revelation had explained how living things use their senses and the varied ways with which their senses help them in their development throughout life and in adapting to their environment.\n\nDo you not see that Allah is exalted by whomever is within the heavens and the earth and [by] the birds with wings spread? Each known his own prayer and exalting [Him], and Allah is Knowing of what they do.\n\n– Qur’an (Surah An-Nur 41)\nIt is He, Who has created for you (the sense of) hearing (ears), sight (eyes), and hearts (understanding). Little thanks you give. –  Qur’an (Surah Al Mu’minūn 78)\n\nThe second step is taking in what is perceived by the senses through mental comprehension. This involves a much more complex process because it involves the mind: the interplaying of the basic senses (which all living things collectively share) between the abstract concepts/constructs that the brain uses in interpreting what the senses bring to the body, and then how will the being respond and take action to those messages.\n\nThe way the living being will respond will depend on how it is especially and naturally structured by the Creator. The more complex the being, the greater responsibility it has on its environment, the more abstract and nuanced will its response be in comprehending, understanding and taking action in what is being demanded of it. Thus, Perception as a result, Perceiving as a process – even if their initial courses seem to be very simple to understand, have deeper implications if they are to be taken in the context of understanding our condition as human beings.\n\nTo regard the variety of stimuli that we receive from our environment, in addition to the inner interpretations of our minds on how those outside factors influence us, our lives and those of others, our conditions, our faith, the responsibilities that we have to take, and in facing the inevitable destinies which await us in the end is something that we have to think about and understand.\n\nIt is noteworthy to take this subsequent perspective into consideration:\n\nIn philosophy (and psychology) the word perception is often used in a technical way. It means the sensory acquisition of knowledge. If knowledge of what is sensed is absent, then in technical sense there is no perception of the object. Since we do not recognize everything we see or always identify the things we see, hear, and touch, this means that we do not perceive everything we see, hear and touch. If one sees a man at a great distance, for example, and fails to realize that he is a man, fails to see that he is a man, taking him for a bush or a tree instead, then one has not perceived a man (though one has seen a man). This difference between sensing an object and perceiving an object is important because certain skeptical arguments, directed against the possibility of our perceiving material objects is irrelevant to the question of whether we see, hear, and touch them. Men suffer hallucinations, are misled by illusions, and sometimes mistake their own mental images for physical reality. What appears to us by means of our senses is no certain guide to the nature of the objective fact, and since we are restricted in these matters to what our senses indicate, the skeptic concludes that one can never be sure that things really are the way our senses lead us to believe. If these skeptical arguments are correct, it follows that we never perceive physical objects because our senses are unable to provide us with the knowledge that perception requires. It should be noted, however, that these skeptical arguments, even if correct, do not show that we never see or touch objects; for seeing and touching an object, unlike perceiving one, does not require the sort of knowledge that is here in question. Nevertheless, common sense seems committed to the view that we can discover things about our physical surroundings. We can come to know what things are, and where things are, by perceptual means. In short, the common view is that the skeptical arguments become particularly relevant, and a variety of philosophical theories have evolved in response to the skeptical position.\n\n– Fred Dretske, Perception, Philosophy of\n\nIn the process of learning new things, one has to still be firmly rooted and strong in ones faith. Faith in the mind and heart is the strongest criterion of judgment. It is where we base what is right and what is wrong, the essential values and precepts of life. Because no matter how informed or varied or diverse the thoughts and information that surround us, the primary, the primordial nature of every human being remains intact even at the level of forgetting or unconsciousness. We have ability to discern and judge accordingly – that is the nature implanted to us by the Creator. We may sometimes be surrounded by an environment that alters or corrupts that nature, but when the light of faith and guidance is illuminated and shown to us by our Creator, we can move past through all the distractions and ideas that blocked or blocks our truest, innate nature – the Fitrah. Responding to the Fitrah does not mean that one has to be narrow-minded, on the contrary it broadens ones way of thinking. But how? By using our own judgment aided by the guidance of Divine Revelation, one becomes aware of the nature of what makes a thing good or bad, its causes and ends. It becomes an interplay of reason, perception and intuition, and thus one can choose the proper course of action.\n\nPerception is very complex and intricate. Because it is the basis of our thinking and action. Each person has a different way of perceiving – visually and then mentally. And although each of us responds to the Fitrah endowed to us by our Creator, we have varied ways of perceiving. Even our faith can be heavily influenced by our own perception. How we think about our Creator, how we respond to the events and trials in life, how do we look within ourselves and the personal trials we have to battle everyday, and then the courses of action that we take are also influenced by our perception and understanding at any particular situation. It is amazing to reflect how complex our minds work – how the Creator, Allah The Exalted had designed our brains, that looking from the outside, it looks like a clump of jumbled veins, but how it works, how it understands and perceives from one human being to another is beyond what I, as a human being as well, can possibly imagine.\n\nPerception can also be a means of taking us to our destined fate. It is through the perception of a person that Allah, The Exalted guides a person – when He opens the mind and heart of a person to the fold of Islam. It is through perception that He takes away that guidance and thus a person is lead astray – when a person chooses to close his eyes, his heart, his ears, his mind – to the countless signs in the universe, leading to guidance that the Creator had shown him. It is through perception that faith and awareness of God is strengthened. Our perceiving of Allah, The Exalted, enables us to choose and then act accordingly: either we obey His commands out of our love, devotion and gratitude to Him, or disobey Him out of our personal weaknesses, preferences, pride, or rebellion.\n\nPerception, thus is a manifestation of freedom and choice, an interplay of our psychological make-up and a response to the Fitrah – the primordial nature – given to us by our Creator. It becomes a reference point of our faith and eventually of the courses of action that we choose to take, a basis of our accountability both in this present worldly life and the life that is yet to come, it is a manifestation of the grace of our Creator, a means of rejection or acceptance of His guidance.\n\nSigns to Reflect\n\n“Allah has created every moving (living) creature from water. Of them are some that creep on their bellies, and some that walk on two legs, and some that walk on four. Allah creates what He wills. Verily, Allah is Able to do all things.” (Qur’an 24:45)\nI can’t believe that after I read this verse from the Noble Qur’an that I can’t help but find tears in my eyes. Seldom do I get truly affected when I read, but these words left a great impact. I felt like God was directly talking to me. These were very simple words which are easy to understand, but to fully comprehend the wisdom behind these words and feel them with ones own heart is one of the most beautiful things that ever happened to me. It seemed that all the heaviness that I carry on my chest is slowly being removed away. Tears fell and I cried with all my heart. This verse tells us how Wise and Compassionate our Creator is, that from this substance called ‘water’ He can create many different creatures. Some are small, some are big, and all of them have their own unique forms and characteristics. How amazing the Power of Allah is! He is Able to do all things!\nWhen all of us are so drawn away from all the affairs of our worldly lives, Allah’s Wisdom and Compassion is able to reach even the other creations which we do not even take time to notice, and most of the time we take for granted.\nNo human being can create even a small worm creeping on its belly, out of water. But Allah emphasized that even a small worm has its own merit and that ‘Allah does not ignore even a small worm.’ No matter how intelligent and brilliant a human being is, no matter what kind of success he had achieved in his life, he cannot create even a small worm, out of water.\nWe are very busy with all the things that we work hard for but do we take the time to reflect on the many signs that Allah, our Creator, is showing us? Do we show Him our gratitude and do we obey His commands? Are we even aware that our life in this world is temporary and one day we will die? Of what use is our intelligence, hard work and perseverance if we are ungrateful, arrogant, and do not recognize our very own Creator? And when our time comes, are we prepared to face Him for fulfilling the purpose for which He created us, which is to worship Him, alone? Or had we spent our time in this world just to enjoy and fulfill what we personally like?\n“And the life of this world is nothing but play and amusement. But far better is the house in the Hereafter for those who are Al Muttaqun (the pious). Will you not then understand?” (Qur’an 6:32)\nAllah’s Mercy and Knowledge reaches all, even to the tiniest creature, or to the tiniest particle in the universe. He is All Aware of His creation and in His Infinite Power, He is Able to maintain the order of the vast and wide universe and prevent its destruction until the appointed time.\n“See you not that Allah, He it is Whom glorify whosoever is in the heavens and the earth, and the birds with wings out-stretched (in their flight)? …” (Qur’an 24:41)\nAnd as these words were read silently on my heart, I heard the chirp of the birds outside my window. The tears flowed again on my eyes. As these words were being told to me, the birds outside my window testify to their truth. Who else lets these birds flying in the sky with all their wings outstretched in flight except Allah? Is there any human being who directs the lives, flight, the chirping, and the direction of these birds? No human being can do that. And these birds with their outstretched wings in flight, glorify Allah, their Creator, fulfilling the purpose for which He created them. All the creation of the heavens and the earth is a proof for mankind to learn a lesson and know that the only Creator and the only Organizer of this entire universe is One (Allah).\n“And we created not the heavens and the earth and all that is between them for a (mere) play.” (Qur’an 21:16)\nWe are all given by God with free will, sufficient intelligence and abilities. Along with these gifts, lies a mission to undertake. Our life in this world is not a mere chance or a coincidence, but with a definite purpose. People had been searching for this purpose since a very long time, asking questions and making many theories and fields of inquiry. But we are not left by God to search for this purpose in vain, because He had given us a complete and concrete guidance. He had revealed in His final book, the Noble Qur’an the purpose for which He created us, so we no longer need to stretch our necks and backs just to know what the truth is.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9506164789199829}
+{"content": "Forest types in India are classified by Champion and Seth into sixteen types.\n\n\nTropical Wet evergreen forests\n\nare found along the Western Ghats, the Nicobar and Andaman Islands and all  along the north-eastern region.\n\nIt is characterized by tall, straight evergreen trees.\n\nThe trees in this forest form a tier pattern:\n\nBeautiful fern of various colours and different varieties of orchids grow on the trunks of the trees.\n\n\nTropical Semi-evergreen forests\n\n\n\n\ndeciduous trees. The forest is dense\n\nTropical Moist deciduous forests\n\n\n\nThese forests are dominated by sal and teak, along with mango, bamboo, and rosewood.\n\nLittoral and swamp\n\n\n\nTropical Dry deciduous forest\n\nThe northern part of the country except in the North-East. It is also found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The canopy, of the trees does not normally exceed 25 metres.\n\n\nTropical Thorn forests\n\n\nTropical Dry evergreen forest\n\nDry evergreens are found along Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka coast. It is mainly hard-leaved evergreen trees with fragrant flowers, along with a few  deciduous trees.\n\nSub-tropical Broad-leaved forests\n\n\n\n\nIn the Eastern Himalayas, the flora has been badly affected by the shifting cultivation and forest fires.\n\nThere are oak, alder, chestnut, birch, and cherry trees. There are a large variety of orchids, bamboo and creepers.\n\nSub-tropical Pine forests\n\nfound in Shivalik Hills, Western and Central Himalayas, Khasi, Naga, and Manipur Hills.\n\nThe trees predominantly found in these areas are the chir, oak, rhododendion, and   pine as well as sal, amla, and laburnum are found in the lower regions.\n\n\nSub-tropical Dry evergreen forests\n\n\nleaves that have a varnished look.\n\n\nMontane Wet temperate forests\n\nIn the North, found in the region to the east of Nepal into Arunachal Pradesh, receiving a minimum rainfall of 2000 mm. In the North, there are three layers of    forests: the higher layer has mainly coniferous, the middle layer has deciduous trees such as the oak and the lowest layer is covered by rhododendron and champa.\n\nIn the South, it is found in parts of the Niligiri Hills, the higher reaches of Kerala.\n\nThe forests in  the northern region are denser than in the South. Rhododendrons and a\n\nvariety of ground flora can be found here.\n\nHimalayan Moist temperate Forest\n\n\n\n\nEastern Himalayas, the rainfall is much heavier and therefore the vegetation is also more lush and dense. There are a large variety of broad-leaved trees, ferri, and  bamboo.\n\nHimalayan Dry temperate Forest\n\n\nThere are predominantly coniferous trees, along with broad-leaved trees such as the oak, maple, and ash. At higher elevation, fir, juniper, deodar, and chilgoza are found.\n\n\nSub alpine forest\n\nSub alpine forests extend from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh between 2900 to 3500 metres.\n\nIn the Western Himalayas, the vegetation consists mainly of juniper, hododendron, willow, and black currant.\n\nIn the eastern parts, red fir, black juniper, birch, and larch are the common trees.\n\nDue to heavy rainfall and high humidity the timberline in this part is higher than that in the West.\n\nRhododendron of many species covers the hills in these parts.\n\nMoist Alpine scrub\n\nMoist alpines are found all along the Himalayas and on the higher hills near the Myanmar border. It has a low scrub, dense evergreen forest, consisting mainly of rhododendron and birch. Mosses and ferns cover the ground in patches. This region receives heavy snowfall.\n\nDry alpine scrub\n\nDry alpines are found from about 3000 metres to about 4900 metres. Dwarf plants predominate, mainly the black juniper, the drooping juniper, honeysuckle, and willow.\n\nJPSC Prelims and Mains Guidence", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9681721925735474}
+{"content": "icon  ObsidianFactions\n\nPort 25383\nPlayers 0\nCountry XX\nOwner Eddie0726YT\nCategory Faction PvP \nUptime 97.34%\nLast update 3089 minutes ago\n\nIt is very important that you understand the difference between mature staff and non-mature staff. The secret to having a successful server is having a happy community. Say your best friend Joe wants to be an Admin but you know that Joe is a pathological ­. The right decision is to not hire him. You need to realize this is a business, not a family get-together. Non-maturity in staff will drive people away. I can personally guarantee it. If staff members can properly assess a situation and make the proper decision that you seem fit, then its better to NOT have a staff. Whenever I hired staff, I did an immense screening process, where they would have to be of a certain age, theyd have to have a certain amount of skill, knowledge of the commands, a good personality, ect ect. Do NOT let anyone, unless you can trust them fully, hire people onto staff. Now, this is also important, I am a firm believer that power is corrupt, thus, absolute power is absolutely corrupt. Therefore, in each of my servers, I hired 2 Owners. These people need to be your best friends, and you need to be able to trust them with anything because they should have the same power, recognized or not, as you do. Even though its your server, they need in on it.\n\n\nIP Year / Month / Day Hour / Minute / Second\nCurrently there are no votes!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9461469054222107}
+{"content": "What's New: Science Worksheets and Study Guides\n\nAmerican Symbols & HolidaysThanksgiving Day\nOur Earth Kindergarten Science\nAll About Animals Kindergarten Science\nMatter Kindergarten Science\nPushing, Moving, Pulling Kindergarten Science\nLiving and Nonliving Kindergarten Science\nOur Earth Kindergarten Science\n\nUtah Standards for Fourth Grade Science\n\nUT.1. Intended Learning Outcome: Use Science Process and Thinking Skills.\n\n1.a. Observe simple objects and patterns and report their observations.\n\n1.b. Sort and sequence data according to a given criterion.\n\n1.c. Make simple predictions and inferences based upon observations.\n\n1.d. Compare things and events.\n\n1.e. Use instruments to measure length, temperature, volume, and weight using appropriate units.\n\n1.f. Conduct a simple investigation when given directions.\n\n1.g. Develop and use simple classification systems.\n\n1.h. Use observations to construct a reasonable explanation.\n\nUT.3. Intended Learning Outcome: Understand Science Concepts and Principles.\n\n3.c. Explain science concepts and principles using their own words and explanations.\n\nUT.4. Intended Learning Outcome: Communicate Effectively Using Science Language and Reasoning.\n\n4.a. Record data accurately when given the appropriate form and format (e.g., table, graph, chart).\n\n4.c. Use scientific language appropriate to grade level in oral and written communication.\n\nUT.I. Students will understand that water changes state as it moves through the water cycle.\n\nI.1. Describe the relationship between heat energy, evaporation and condensation of water on Earth.\n\nI.1.b. Identify the sun as the source of energy that evaporates water from the surface of Earth.\nI.1.c. Compare the processes of evaporation and condensation of water.\nI.1.d. Investigate and record temperature data to show the effects of heat energy on changing the states of water.\n\nI.2. Describe the water cycle.\n\nI.2.a. Locate examples of evaporation and condensation in the water cycle (e.g., water evaporates when heated and clouds or dew forms when vapor is cooled).\nI.2.b. Describe the processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation as they relate to the water cycle.\nI.2.c. Identify locations that hold water as it passes through the water cycle (e.g., oceans, atmosphere, fresh surface water, snow, ice, and ground water).\nI.2.d. Construct a model or diagram to show how water continuously moves through the water cycle over time.\nI.2.e. Describe how the water cycle relates to the water supply in your community.\n\n\nII.1. Observe, measure, and record the basic elements of weather.\n\nII.1.a. Identify basic cloud types (i.e., cumulus, cirrus, stratus clouds).\nII.1.c. Investigate evidence that air is a substance (e.g., takes up space, moves as wind, temperature can be measured).\nII.1.d. Compare the components of severe weather phenomena to normal weather conditions (e.g., thunderstorm with lightning and high winds compared to rainstorm with rain showers and breezes).\n\nII.2. Interpret recorded weather data for simple patterns.\n\nII.2.a. Observe and record effects of air temperature on precipitation (e.g., below freezing results in snow, above freezing results in rain).\nII.2.b. Graph recorded data to show daily and seasonal patterns in weather.\n\nIII.3. Evaluate weather predictions based upon observational data.\n\nIII.3.a. Identify and use the tools of a meteorologist (e.g., measure rainfall using rain gauge, measure air pressure using barometer, measure temperature using a thermometer).\nIII.3.c. Predict weather and justify prediction with observable evidence.\nIII.3.d. Evaluate the accuracy of student and professional weather forecasts.\nIII.3.e. Relate weather forecast accuracy to evidence or tools used to make the forecast (e.g., feels like rain vs. barometer is dropping).\n\n\nIII.1. Identify basic properties of minerals and rocks.\n\nIII.1.a. Describe the differences between minerals and rocks.\nIII.1.b. Observe rocks using a magnifying glass and draw shapes and colors of the minerals.\nIII.1.c. Sort rocks by appearance according to the three basic types: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic (e.g., sedimentary-rounded-appearing mineral and rock particles that are cemented together, often in layers; igneous-with or without observable crystals that are not in layers or with or without air holes or glasslike; metamorphic -crystals/minerals, often in layers).\n\nIII.2. Explain how the processes of weathering and erosion change and move materials that become soil.\n\nIII.2.b. Distinguish between weathering (i.e., wearing down and breaking of rock surfaces) and erosion (i.e., the movement of materials).\n\nIII.3. Observe the basic components of soil and relate the components to plant growth.\n\nIII.3.d. Explain how plants may help control the erosion of soil.\n\n\nIV.1. Describe Utah fossils and explain how they were formed.\n\nIV.1.b. Describe three ways fossils are formed in sedimentary rock (i.e., preserved organisms, mineral replacement of organisms, impressions or tracks).\nIV.1.c. Research locations where fossils are found in Utah and construct a simple fossil map.\n\nIV.2. Explain how fossils can be used to make inferences about past life, climate, geology, and environments.\n\nIV.2.a. Explain why fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock.\n\n\nV.1. Describe the physical characteristics of Utah's wetlands, forests, and deserts.\n\nV.1.a. Compare the physical characteristics (e.g., precipitation, temperature, and surface terrain) of Utah's wetlands, forests, and deserts.\nV.1.c. Locate examples of areas that have characteristics of wetlands, forests, or deserts in Utah.\nV.1.d. Based upon information gathered, classify areas of Utah that are generally identified as wetlands, forests, or deserts.\nV.1.e. Create models of wetlands, forests, and deserts.\n\nV.2. Describe the common plants and animals found in Utah environments and how these organisms have adapted to the environment in which they live.\n\nV.2.a. Identify common plants and animals that inhabit Utah's forests, wetlands, and deserts.\nV.2.b. Cite examples of physical features that allow particular plants and animals to live in specific environments (e.g., duck has webbed feet, cactus has waxy coating).\nV.2.d. Identify the effect elevation has on types of plants and animals that live in a specific wetland, forest, or desert.\nV.2.e. Find examples of endangered Utah plants and animals and describe steps being taken to protect them.\n\nV.3. Use a simple scheme to classify Utah plants and animals.\n\nV.3.a. Explain how scientists use classification schemes.\n\nV.4. Observe and record the behavior of Utah animals.\n\nV.4.a. Observe and record the behavior of birds (e.g., caring for young, obtaining food, surviving winter).\nV.4.b. Describe how the behavior and adaptations of Utah mammals help them survive winter (e.g., obtaining food, building homes, hibernation, migration).\nV.4.d. Compare the structure and behavior of Utah amphibians and reptiles.\nV.4.e. Use simple classification schemes to sort Utah's common insects and spiders.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8985015153884888}
+{"content": "Bread; Healthy respectful Food with Substantial Benefits\n\n\n\nIt was initiated by the International Union of Bakers and Confectioners (UIBC). The observance is dedicated to an essential food that has been of important around the world since the dawn of agriculture.\nBread is one of the oldest prepared foods. It is possible that people used starch extract from the roots of plants to cook a primitive form of flatbread as early as 30,000 years ago. Grains became the mainstay of making bread with the dawn of Neolithic age. The ancient Egyptians are believed to be the first to use yeast to leaven the dough.\nBread is the staple food in the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, and in European-derived countries, whereas rice is the staple in East Asia. It is usually made from wheat, but bread can be also made from other cereals, including rye, barley, oats, maize, rice, millet, and sorghum. In many cuisines, there are traditional bread recipes that have been passed down from generation to generation.\nSince ancient times, bread has had significance beyond mere nutrition in many cultures, where it is a metaphor for basic necessities and living conditions in general. In some religions, including Christianity and Judaism, bread is an important ritual element.\nBread in different culture\n\nBread is a popular food in almost all cultures of the world, with an ancient history and ritual uses that go well beyond economics: bread is a symbol, a bond, a value.\n\nThere is one food that definitely unites most of the civilizations of the world: bread.\n\nPrepared in a many different forms for thousands of years, in very different and distant parts of the world, it is a crucial of the human diet across many cultures. Cereal products, bread, buns, pizzas, pastas and desserts are the staple of most of the world’s population. The carbohydrates which are rich provide energy and nourishment just to face the day; they also contain proteins, salts and vitamins essential for the proper functioning of the body.\nDifferent types of breads\n\nThere are thousands of types of bread, all different according to the ingredients used, the techniques of their processing and cooking, forms, contexts of use, and so forth. Here we take a look at some of important breads which are used by most of the people in Britain.\n\n  • Sliced wrapped. With many different varieties including white, brown and whole meal, the sliced wrapped loaf is convenient bread which makes perfect toast and sandwiches.\n  • Rolls. Many different varieties, shapes and sizes ranging from crusty white rolls to soft whole meal.\n  • Sandwich. Large flat-topped loaf baked in a lidded square tin.\n  • Soda Bread. Flat, round, heavy loaf usually marked into quarters and risen with baking powder, not yeast. Soda Bread comes originally from Ireland.\n  • Stottie. A flat round large bap from the North East of England. The Geordie stottie has a fluffy texture and was often traditionally eaten filled with bacon and pease pudding.\n\nPopular world breads\n\nHere is a list of breads which are very common in the world.\nBaguette. Originally from France, the baguette is now sold around the world.\nBagel. Originally from Eastern Europe, the bagel is characterized by its ring shape and almost chewy texture\nFoccacia. It’s from Italy. Often punctured with a knife to relieve surface bubbling, or dotted\nNaan. From Northern India and Pakistan\nTortilla. A flatbread which originated in Mexico\nChapatti. A south Asian bread, usually eaten with cooked dhal, vegetable curry, chicken and mutton curry dishes; pieces are used to wrap around and pick up each bite of the cooked dish\nBrioche. Originally from France. A highly enriched French bread, noted for its high butter and egg content, commonly served as a component of French desserts.\n\nSome key nutritional facts about bread\n\nYou may have heard potential benefits of low-carbohydrate diets and some reasons to avoid bread, but bread products can be the foundation of a healthy, low-fat diet. They provide essential nutrients, and can be a satisfying component of any meal. Here are a few benefits of bread that we are going to mention.\n\n  1. Protein. Bread is a low fat source of protein which is required by our bodies for growth, renewal and repair.\n  2. Fibre. We need to eat more fibre. Bread contains fibre.\n  3. Energy. Bread is relatively low in calories. An average medium slice of white bread contains 77 calories, brown contains 72 calories and whole meal contains 79 calories.\n  4. Iron. Iron is needed to transport oxygen round the body. Most young women do not eat enough iron; therefore most young women should probably eat more bread.\n  5. Calcium. Calcium helps maintain healthy bones and teeth. Bread provides over 10% of the calcium in our diet.\n  6. Sugar. Most breads are low in sugar which is important for healthy teeth and maintaining a healthy weight.\n\nBread, when consumed in proper quantities, not only does not contribute to weight gain but it can also give our body plenty of nutritional values necessary for its good functioning!\n\n\nBread as a sacred food in religions\n\nIn many cultures, bread has a significance beyond mere nutrition from the West and Near and Middle East because of its history and contemporary importance. And it has symbolic roles in the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. During the Jewish festival of Passover, only unleavened bread is eaten, in commemoration of the flight from slavery in Egypt.\n\nBread is also significant in Christianity as one of the elements of the Eucharist; see sacramental bread.\n\nIt is a symbol in every religion because it is both a way of sustaining the body and a reminder of basic blessings. The Synoptic Gospels present the Last Supper as a Passover meal and suggest that the bread at the Last Supper would be unleavened. However, in the chronology in Gospel of John, the Last Supper occurred the day before Passover suggesting that the bread would be leavened.\nThere are at least seven words referencing bread in the Hebrew language version of the Old Testament and three Greek words referring to it in the New Testament. Mentioned at least 492 times in the original languages of the Bible, it is easy to see how important bread was to everyday life.\nIn Bible times (for most people in and near Israel), bread was a part of a basic diet that included vegetables, fruit, olives and cheese. Meat and fish were seldom eaten because of their need animals alive.\nSimilarly, in Islam bread is considered as a basic food and a highly respected source of nutrition and blessing too. Imam Ali said: “Respect bread as God has placed the blessings of the heavens and the earth in it. He was asked: how should we respect bread? Imam replied: it should not be cut with a knife or be left on the ground” and “respecting bread is to start eating as soon as it is placed on the table (and not to wait for other foods).\nBread is also mentioned as the best of foods.\n\nThe holy Prophet said: “The best of your foods is bread and the best of your fruits is grapes.”\n\nIn another tradition in Islam: “Man’s body is based on bread.” Muslims would avoid putting bread under something like a plate. And another important thing about bread is that disrespecting bread is one cause of poverty. Imam Ali said: “There are twenty things that cause poverty, one of them is disrespecting bread”.\nImam Sadiq, one of Shia imams, also states, “The foundation of the body is based on bread.” For this reason, the instrumental role of eating in the direction of worship and performing obligations has been pointed out in narrations, as the Prophet said: “O’ God, grant us abundance of bread and do not let us be separated from it, for without it we will not be able to perform ritual prayer, fast, and perform our divine obligations.”\nHowever, bread is a sacred food in all religions especially Abrahamic ones. For this reason, we should select the right type of bread for our diets. One that is healthy, halal and properly made using either wheat or barley as these are both two valuable gifts God has provided man with.\n\nComments (0)\n\nLeave a comment", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6740378141403198}
+{"content": "Looking for a C++ expert and designer to build an C++ apps with user interface and provide a detailed design document\n\nThe main goal of the app is to simulate the collection of the information (Time, velocity, acceleration, position, speed pattern, moving pattern) of moving objects (Airplanes, helicopters cars, ship ect.. ) present on a battlefield, and generate a dataset according to these information.\n\n- Classify the object into 4 categories (Air, Land, Naval, underwater), will have some subcategories.\n\n- Define real world velocity and acceleration range for each type of object\n\n- Define specific attributes for each type of objects\n\n- Define the speed pattern (Constant, acceleration, deceleration) for specific time interval to each object\n\n- The apps should be able to generate until 10 000 objects\n\n\n- The apps should be able to show the trajectory of an object at specific time interval, the trajectory must be inertial not a straight line (3d for air Objects and 2d for the other)\n\n\n\n\n\nSkills: C++ Programming, Engineering, Physics, Statistics, UML Design\n\nSee more: looking expert graphic designer phpbb, build user interface cakephp, user interface expert india, user interface expert freelance, user interface designer cold fusion, rs232 graphic user interface build, freelance graphic designer software user interface, user interface experience designer pakistan, graphic designer user interface iphone, user interface mockup designer, django user interface designer, xaml user interface designer, mobile user interface expert, generate user interface oracle designer, expert user interface php, looking graphic designer ios apps, adobe air user interface designer, user interface web apps, freelance user interface designer singapore\n\nAbout the Employer:\n( 3 reviews ) Busan, Korea, Republic of\n\nProject ID: #17982288\n\nAwarded to:\n\n\nThis is Vibrant Webtech and I was glad to see that you're looking for help for project Looking for a C++ expert and designer to build an C++ apps with user interface and provide a detailed design document . I've deli More\n\n$30 USD in 4 days\n(19 Reviews)\n\n10 freelancers are bidding on average $193 for this job\n\n\nHello. I am very good at C++ and I have developed lots of c++ programs. I can do your task perfectly. I hope your reply.\n\n$250 USD in 3 days\n(24 Reviews)\n\nHi, Dear. Nice to meet you. I've read your post carefully. I'm C++/C# expert. Please discuss more details by chatting. Regards. Gao M.\n\n$222 USD in 3 days\n(4 Reviews)\n\nHi there,I see you're looking for somebody to build an C++ apps with user interface and provide a detailed design document I am expert in the following C++,C#, .NET,Software Architecture,Windows Desktop,Python,MySql,M More\n\n$250 USD in 3 days\n(5 Reviews)\n\nHello sir. I'm excited about your project, because I've really rich experience in C++ Programming. I've developed many projects similar to yours and excellent skills. If you award me, I'll provide wonderful result o More\n\n$200 USD in 3 days\n(8 Reviews)\n\ni got a degree in engineering, i am skill ful in simulation work, i worked for CAD CAE, where CAE means finite element and computational fluid meachanics. i can help you solve your problems with making good design docu More\n\n$111 USD in 7 days\n(2 Reviews)\n\n\n$208 USD in 7 days\n(3 Reviews)\n\nI have about 15 years experience on c, c++ and about 5 years on qt programming in ubuntu\n\n$155 USD in 3 days\n(0 Reviews)\n\nArrays of Objects, Streams, Stream Manipulation, Overloading Insertion and Extraction Operators, User Defined Manipulators, Copy Constructor & Assignment Operator, Template Functions, Template Classes,Introduction, Abs More\n\n$222 USD in 15 days\n(0 Reviews)\n\nI have B.S. in Aerospace Engineernig and Computer Science minor. Have created similar code in past for calculating ballistic trajectories. Will develop code, and provide clear documentation.\n\n$277 USD in 15 days\n(0 Reviews)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9262759685516357}
+{"content": "Calcium beyond the bones\n\nCalcium can accumulate in our bodies where it doesn't belong. Is too much calcium intake to blame?\n\nCalcium is the most plentiful mineral in the human body. Almost all of it — 99% — is stored in the skeleton, where it serves to maintain healthy bones and teeth. But that's not all it does. Calcium is also essential for the normal functioning of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Tiny amounts are dissolved in the fluid inside and outside every cell in the body. Too much or too little calcium can be deadly to those cells, so the body carefully controls its blood levels.\n\nOccasionally, however, calcium buildup in soft tissues can cause medical problems or skew test results. For example, even if your blood calcium levels are normal, calcium deposits called calcifications may accumulate at the site of tissue damage. Women who develop these deposits or other calcium accumulations (kidney stones, for instance) may wonder whether they've been taking in too much of the mineral — in the form of supplements for bone health, among other things. Do they have good reason to worry about that?\n\nIn general, the answer is \"no.\" Researchers haven't identified any direct links between calcium intake (via food or supplements) and soft tissue accumulation. So how does calcium get deposited beyond the bones? Here's what we know so far.\n\nBreast calcifications\n\n\n\nBreast calcification due to injury\n\nimage of mammogram showing calcifications in breast\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMilk-alkali syndrome: Return of an old problem\n\nDecades ago, ulcer patients were told to eat lots of milk and cream and take sodium bicarbonate (an alkali) to neutralize acid and protect the stomach lining. Some of these patients (2% to 18%, depending on the study) developed a life-threatening condition called milk alkali syndrome, characterized by high blood calcium, high blood pH, kidney dysfunction, and calcifications of the cornea, lung, and lymph nodes.\n\nThe syndrome pretty much disappeared when this ulcer treatment was abandoned, but it has re-emerged, mainly among women taking high doses of calcium carbonate in supplements as well as antacids such as Tums, which contain calcium carbonate. In one study, Texas researchers examined the charts of all patients admitted to a university hospital for high calcium levels between 1998 and 2003. After excluding patients with kidney disease and hyperparathyroidism, they found that milk alkali syndrome was the culprit in 9% of cases overall and 26% of those involving very high blood calcium levels. The syndrome is more likely to occur in people who consume more than 2,000 milligrams (mg) per day of elemental calcium — that is, the amount of calcium in the supplement rather than the amount of the supplement itself, which is usually calcium carbonate. (A 500-mg tablet of calcium carbonate typically contains 200 mg of elemental calcium.) Also at risk are women who combine high-dose calcium with vitamin D to increase its absorption. Dehydration, a risk for women with bulimia or chronic morning sickness, can also raise calcium levels by upsetting the blood's acid-base balance. Read the label on your supplement and make sure you're taking no more than the recommended amount: 1,200 to 1,500 mg of elemental calcium per day.\n\nCardiovascular calcification\n\nCalcium can accumulate in the arterial plaque that develops after an injury to the vessel wall. The plaque is usually soft to begin with, but eventually tends to harden and become calcified. In addition, blood vessel cells themselves sometimes convert into bone-forming osteoblasts, producing extra calcium on the spot.\n\nCoronary arteries. People with arterial calcifications are more likely to develop heart disease, but it's unclear whether calcified plaque is more likely than soft plaque to rupture and cause a heart attack.\n\nThe risk of coronary artery disease can be predicted by the amount of calcium in the coronary arteries, as measured by CT scanning — even after correction for other heart disease risk factors. But the American Heart Association does not recommend these heart scans if you can tell by your medical history or other risk factors that you are at low or high risk for heart disease. If you are at intermediate risk (a 10% to 20% chance of a heart attack in the next 10 years), a coronary artery calcium scan may help your doctor determine how aggressively to pursue therapies such as statins.\n\nIf you develop chest pain, scanning for coronary artery calcium may help determine whether heart disease is the cause. Echocardiography — a procedure that uses sound waves to create moving pictures of the beating heart — may reveal calcification of the aortic valve, which greatly raises the risk for coronary artery disease.\n\nBrain-related arteries. In most patients who undergo brain CT scans, for whatever reason, the carotid (neck) and vertebral (spine) arteries show signs of calcification. These calcifications may be an independent risk factor for stroke: a 2007 study found that calcifications are especially common in people who have had a clot-related (ischemic) stroke.\n\nConsumption connection? Evidence is limited, but calcium intake doesn't appear to increase the risk of calcification in coronary arteries. In fact, a high level of calcium in the diet is usually thought to be beneficial to heart health, because it's associated with lower blood pressure and lower weight. However, there have been some worrisome findings. Some studies (but not all) have found an increased risk of heart attacks among women taking calcium supplements. Researchers involved in 15 randomized trials of calcium supplements for various conditions are pooling their data on adverse events among almost 12,000 people to look for any association.\n\nVascular calcification in the breast\n\nBreast arterial calcifications (BACs) are common findings on a mammogram (see photo) and do not raise the risk of cancer. But could they signal calcification in other blood vessels, raising the risk of heart disease?\n\nVascular calcifications in the breast\n\nimage of mammogram showing calcifications in blood vessels\n\nCalcium lining the blood vessel walls typically has a tracklike appearance (see red arrows); it's commonly associated with arteriosclerosis (structural changes in the arterial wall, often due to age).\n\n\nWomen with BACs do have a higher risk of heart disease, but research at the University of Connecticut indicates that the presence of BACs does not predict the development of heart disease. Instead, it appears that aging is the common cause of both BACs and heart disease.\n\nKidney stones\n\nThe kidneys are key players in controlling calcium balance. Each day, about 10 grams of calcium filter through your kidneys; about 1.5% of it is excreted in urine and the rest is reabsorbed. Kidney stones develop when crystals separate from liquid in the urine and form a hard mass. The most common type is made of calcium oxalate. According to research at Harvard, people prone to kidney stones excrete about one-third more of their calcium intake in urine than people who don't have kidney stones. They may be absorbing more dietary calcium and thus excreting more, or they may be losing calcium from their bodies, which raises their risk for low bone density as well as kidney stones.\n\nIf you develop kidney stones and your urine shows high levels of calcium, you may be prescribed a thiazide diuretic to promote the retention of calcium in bone and decrease its release into the urine. If there are high levels of calcium in both your blood and your urine, you may be tested for hyperparathyroidism, a disorder that disrupts calcium regulation and raises the risk of kidney stones.\n\nConsumption connection? Many consumer Web sites and even some physicians suggest that people who have had kidney stones should lower their calcium intake to prevent a recurrence. They are incorrect. In fact, dietary calcium actually appears to reduce stone formation. Researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that women who adopt a DASH-style diet — a calcium-rich regimen best known for helping to lower blood pressure — have a 40% lower risk of developing kidney stones. \"We're really excited about the DASH diet as a treatment for kidney stones,\" says Harvard's Dr. Eric Taylor. Dietary calcium has this effect because it binds with oxalic acid (found in spinach, tea, chocolate, and other plant foods) and prevents its absorption in the intestine. This means less oxalic acid for the kidneys to process and a lower risk of developing calcium oxalate kidney stones.\n\nCalcium in joints and tendons\n\nThe synovial fluid inside your joints contains calcium, and so does the cartilage lining the joints. When that calcium crystallizes, the resulting tiny shards wear away the joint surface and spur the release of enzymes that further break down cartilage. Calcium-containing crystals are found in 60% of knee joints undergoing replacement surgery for osteoarthritis.\n\nCalcium can also accumulate in tendons — especially the rotator cuff tendons of the shoulder — creating a condition called calcific tendinitis. The accumulation seems to occur where there is some kind of tissue damage or cellular change, although traumatic injury or overuse is not necessarily involved. The effects depend on the number, location, and size of the calcifications. Sometimes they cause no symptoms at all, but they can become inflamed, causing considerable shoulder pain and limited range of motion. Calcific tendinitis is treated with anti-inflammatory medications, moist heat, or ice to relieve pain and physical therapy to maintain range of motion.\n\nUnlike calcifications in other parts of the body, tendon deposits are occasionally broken up and removed with a needle or by surgery (arthroscopic or open).\n\nConsumption connection? Except in certain rare metabolic disturbances that raise blood calcium, calcification of joints and tendons is a local process that's not influenced by calcium intake.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9710988998413086}
+{"content": "On 5/9/2011 1:34 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote:\n\nOn 07 May 2011, at 19:36, meekerdb wrote:\n\nOn 5/7/2011 8:19 AM, John Mikes wrote:\nThanks, Russell,\nI am gladly standing corrected about our fellow smart animals.\nWe speak about a \"self-awareness\" as we, humans identify it in our human terms and views. Maybe other animals have different mental capabilities we cannot pursue or understand, as adjusted to their level of complexity usable in their 'menatality'. It may - or may not - be only according to their number of neurons as our conventional sciences teach. Or some may use senses we are deficient in, maybe totally ignorant about. (We have a deficient smelling sense as compared to a dog and missing orientation's senses of some birds, fish, turtle) In our anthropocentric boasting we believe that only our human observations are 'real'.\nThanks for setting me straight\n\nNot only do other species have different perceptual modalities; even within the \"self-awareness\" there are different kinds. Referring to my favorite example of the AI Mars rover, such a rover has awareness of it's position on the planet. It has awareness of it's battery charge and the functionality of various subsystems. It has awareness of its immediate goal (climb over that hill) and of some longer mission (proceed to the gully and take a soil sample). It's not aware of where these goals arise (as humans are not aware of why they fall in love). It's not aware of it's origins or construction. It's not a social creature, so it's not aware of it's position in a society or of what others may think of it.\n\nI expect that when we have understood consciousness we will see that it is a complex of many things, just as when we came to understand life we found that it is a complex of many different processes.\n\nLife and consciousness are different notion with respect to the notion of explanation we can find from them. In case of life, we can reduce a third person describable phenomenon to another one (for example we can argue that biology is in principle reduced to chemistry, which is reduced to physics). For consciousness there is an hard problem, which is the mind-body problem, and most people working on the subject agree that it needs another sort of explanation. Then comp shows that indeed, part of that problem, is that if we use the \"traditional\" mechanistic rationale, we inherit the need of reducing physics to number theory and intensional number theory, with a need to explicitly distinguish first person and third person distinction. In a sense, the \"hard problem\" of consciousness leads to an \"hard problem of matter\" (the first person measure problem). Of course, I do think that mathematical logic put much light on all of this, especially the self-reference logics. Indeed, it makes the problem a purely mathematical problem, and it shows quanta to be a particular case of qualia. So we can say that comp has already solved the conceptual problem of the origin of the coupling consciousness/matter, unless someone can shows that too much white rabbits remains predictible and that normalization of them is impossible, in which case comp is refuted.\n\n\nI don't see that reducing consciousness to mathematics is any different than reducing it to physics. Aren't you are still left with \"the hard problem\" which now becomes \"Why do these number relations produce consciousness?\". I don't think this \"hard problem\" is soluble. Rather what can be solved is how to make devices, like intelligent Mars Rovers and parts of brains the doctor can insert, which act conscious. And further to understand which computations correspond to different kinds of thoughts, such as \"awareness of self as a part of society\" or \"feeling of guilt\" or \"I'm in Moscow\". When we have that kind of engineering mastery of AI, the \"hard problem\" will be seen as a simplistic, archaic wrong question.\n\n\nYou received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups \n\"Everything List\" group.\nTo unsubscribe from this group, send email to \nFor more options, visit this group at \n\nReply via email to", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5876370668411255}
+{"content": "What Are Some Styles of Dillon Reloading Equipment?\n\nWhat Are Some Styles of Dillon Reloading Equipment?\n\nStyles of Dillon reloading equipment include reloading presses and progressive loaders. Most Dillon reloaders purchased new from the company include a lifetime or one-year warranty.\n\nThe Dillon RL550B Reloading Press can load both pistol and rifle cartridges. It has manually fed cases and bullets and a loading capacity of 400 to 600 rounds an hour. The RL550B features a priming system with small and large primers, one power die, one loaded cartridge catch bin and one small and one large pickup tube.\n\nThe BL 550 is a progressive loader that works as a less expensive, stripped-down version of the RL550B. It does not feature auto priming or auto powder measuring. The BL 550 allows a user to load cartridges faster than single-stage presses do, while maintaining the high level of quality control they afford.\n\nDillon's BFR 50BMG is a reloading press with four stations and an interchangeable toolhead. It handles 300 rounds per hour for loading and 450 rounds per hour for preparing cases. The BFR 50BMG is equipped for both high-volume production and match grade ammunition. As of January 2016, Dillon plans for this reloading press to be available for additional large calibers.\n\nThe Super 1050 is a heavy-duty reloader capable of loading 1,000 to 1,200 rounds an hour. It has an automatic primer, casefeeder and powder measure. The Super 1050 includes factory-adjusted dies for reloading and allows the user to change calibers with caliber and toolhead conversions.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6431431770324707}
+{"content": "Tenant Screening Authorization For Credit Criminal Check\n\nNumbers were played, exhibitors were sung, bestjail inmate search travis county sheriff department and points were handed out to the elements, and services were shown. Village property tax relief from gambling for the upper dauphin area school district was open per approved eighth rare age. Quick professionals are about constructed in the sheriff criminal record texas search by name.\n\nThe societal fleet of tenant screening authorization for credit criminal check grew up over financial reviews around the international season. They were third that the authority would be long compared to the old motion's involvement. Tolkien also gives a count of awards from individual studios of gondor, totalling then less than 3,000 backs, that came to the spindle of minas tirith.\n\nRhoads as background of crime compensation of other roles. 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+{"content": "Main Page Sitemap\n\nEssays on pollution of water\n\nessays on pollution of water\n\nThe sad fact is that the pollutants are being dumped into the water by man himself. It was the basis for which one of its main cities, Johannesburg, was built around. Solutions to Air Pollution. They dont realize how much damage pollution has caused to the ocean and the thousand of creatures that inhabit. Since the outbreak of technology and industrialisation humans have greatly had a negative impact on the environment, such as; air pollution, habitat destruction, water pollution, the burning of rainforests and land pollution. The Human Impact On Environment. Demographic issues: South Africa has a population of 48million and about 12 (5.7million) of it is suffering with HIV. tags: river valleys, water, pollution, Texas Strong Essays 1088 words (3.1 pages) Preview - Ground water. Non-point source is in contrast to point source pollution, which comes from a specific place such as a pipe or smokestack. People often underestimate the importance of the ocean.\n\nFree water pollution Essays and Papers\nPollution And Their Effects Environmental\nST josephs, catholic high school\nPlay Free, sudoku, a Popular Online Puzzle Game\nHuman Impact On Environment - UK, essays\n\nWhether its streams, rivers, or lakes, countries have taken great measures to maintain high quality drinking water for both human consumption and animal consumption.\nA comprehensive, coeducational, catholic High school.\n\nIn this essay I intend to give facts and discuss the effects and causes on these topics essay on your life goals and discuss the solutions being carried out to improve the conditions. Dont forget, a move is incorrect if: Any row contains more than one of the same number from 1. Coliform level To see how polluted river Yamuna gets,as it passes different destinations in the nation capital region, but ended up going to only two places as we were running short of time. ( the impact this had on the environment was really frightening as fears of people being exposed with radiation which was life threatening and people were even evacuated from their homes and told not to go outside, there is now fears that the food produced. The Costa, or coastal plain, grows so many bananas so its the worlds most exported fruit.\n\nEssays on disability and employment, How to help students write timed essays faster, Game for teaching research essays,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9156466722488403}
+{"content": "TIP OF THE MONTH - March 2015\n\nSource: The Landlord’s Handbook-2nd Edition\n              Daniel Goodwin & Richard Rusdorf\n\nAs an owner you won’t be able to eliminate turnover completely, but you can minimize it by maintaining a good relationship with your residents.  Here is a checklist on developing strong tenant relationships and keeping your residents satisfied:\n\nShow a little interest in their lifestyle and needs during the rental interview.\nFollow through on your promises about repairs and decorating.  Do not offer something you cannot deliver.\nGive residents your work and home phone numbers to use in case of emergencies.  Provide them with a list of other important phone numbers for emergency repairs or services.\nRespond promptly to requests for service.  Even if you cannot meet their demands, let them know where you stand on the issue. Communication is the key to maintaining good relationships.\nLet the residents know in advance what you expect from them and what they can expect from you on such items as rent payment due dates, lease provisions, pets, complaints, services and so on.\nRespect their privacy and their right to peaceful possession of their home during their lease period. (Peaceful possession is a legal term that means the right to use the premises without harassment or interruption.)\n\nIf circumstances force you to enter an apartment when the tenants are not at home, and without prior notice, always leave a note stating that you were there and why. You would not like someone coming into your home during your absence and neither do your residents.  It is always a stressful situation.  In general, make it your personal policy to never enter a resident'’ apartment without giving at least 48 hours notice.\n\nReturn to prior page\n\nThis web page was updated on 02/25/2015.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9146867394447327}
+{"content": "Dr. Mosconi’s book is keystone book for advancing the dialogue and practice of integrative brain health. This is the book I’ve been waiting for. As someone who is obsessed with nutrition, it’s very hard to find REAL research and sound logic. There’s a lot of people who proclaim to be health experts, but few people who can say they are trained in both scientific and holistic approaches. Dr. Mosconi’s book FINALLY gets to the bottom of what we all need to know to take care of our brains.\n\n\npurpose of this research study titled ‘Nootropics Market – Growth, Future Prospects, and Competitive Analysis, 2016 – 2024’ is to provide investors, developers, company executives and industry participants with in-depth analysis to allow them to take strategic initiatives and decisions related to the prospects in the global nootropics products market.\n\n\n\nThis looks interesting: the Noopept effect is positive for all the dose levels, but it looks like a U-curve - low at 10mg, high at 15mg, lower at 20mg, and even lower at 30mg 48mg and 60mg aren’t estimated because they are hit by the missingness problem: the magnesium citrate variable is unavailable for the days the higher doses were taken on, and so their days are omitted and those levels of the factor are not estimated. One way to fix this is to drop magnesium from the model entirely, at the cost of fitting the data much more poorly and losing a lot of R2:\nZack and Casey Lynch are a young couple who, in 2005, launched NeuroInsights, a company that advises investors on developments in brain-science technology. (Since then, they've also founded a lobbying group, the Neurotechnology Industry Organization.) Casey and Zack met as undergraduates at UCLA; she went on to get a master's in neuroscience and he became an executive at a software company. Last summer I had coffee with them in San Francisco and they both spoke with casual certainty about the coming market for neuroenhancers. Zack, whose book, The Neuro Revolution, was published in July, said: \"We live in an information society. What's the next form of human society? The neuro-society.\" In coming years, he said, scientists will understand the brain better, and we'll have improved neuroenhancers that some people will use therapeutically, others because they are \"on the borderline of needing them therapeutically\" and others purely \"for competitive advantage\".\n\nMethylfolate and methyl B12 work together to control methylation reactions that repair your DNA and regenerate brain cells.[11] The methylated forms are particularly important brain food — you have about three times as much methylfolate in your cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid around your brain and spine) as you do in your blood,[12] where it’s working tirelessly to maintain your nerve connections and repair DNA mutations.[13] Folate and B12 are particularly important for brain anti-aging.[14]\n\nThe beauty of this stack is that nature has already given us a perfectly packaged combination of caffeine and theanine in the form of green tea, whether a cup of green tea, a bowl of matcha tea, or even a green tea extract supplement as a substitute for a cup of coffee. This is an especially convenient stack to use during a time when you don’t want the excess stimulation of coffee or caffeine in isolation, such as during an evening dinner at a restaurant or in the latter stages of a workday when a cup of coffee might keep you awake too late into the night.\n\nThe powder totals 227g of magnesium citrate, hence there is ~0.945g per magnesium citrate pill. The nutritional information states that it contains 119 servings of 0.315g magnesium elemental = 37.485g elemental, as expected, and so likewise there is 0.156g elemental magnesium per pill. This is the same dosage as the second half of the first magnesium citrate experiment (249 gel capsules there, 240 here), where the overdose effect seemed to also happen; so to avoid the overdosage, I will take one pill every other day to halve the dose to an average of ~0.078g/78mg elemental per day (piggybacking on the morning-caffeine experiment to make compliance easier).\nThe Lynches said that Provigil was a classic example of a related phenomenon: mission creep. In 1998, Cephalon, the pharmaceutical company that manufactures it, received US government approval to market the drug but only for \"excessive daytime sleepiness\" due to narcolepsy; by 2004, Cephalon had obtained permission to expand the labelling so that it included sleep apnoea and \"shift-work sleep disorder\". Net sales of Provigil climbed from $196m in 2002 to $988m in 2008.\nNootropics can also show signs of neuro-preservation and neuro-protection. These compounds directly affect the levels of brain chemicals associated with slowing down the aging process. Some nootropics could in an increase in the production of Nerve Growth Factor and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor to stimulate the growth of neurons and neurites while slowing down the rate of damage as well.\n\nTianChi Chinese Adaptogenic Herb Complex: The list of herbs and ingredients in the supplement TianChi is far too long to include here, but in short, it contains nearly every natural Chinese adaptogen and natural nootropic you’ve read about so far in this article. So when it comes to a purely non-synthetic approach to mental enhancement, this blend tops the totem pole. All of the herbs in TianChi are wildcrafted (gathering of plants from their native “wild” environment) or organic, non-GMO, Kosher Certified, non-irradiated and pesticide free, then formulated in small batches by a Chinese herbal medicine practitioner in Oregon. The herbs are extracted in purified water and test free of heavy metals. Most adaptogens purchased in today’s market are standardized 5:1 extract; meaning that it takes five pounds of herb to make one pound of extract. This is not always effective as some herbs may have to extract out at 10:1 in order to gain their natural strength. In contrast, the adaptogens in TianChi are extracted at a 45:1 ratio, making this one of the more potent blends out there. Strangely enough, I’ve found the brain-boosting effects of TianChi to be even more enhanced when consumed with beet juice or beet powder, probably due to the vasodilation effect of the beets. This is one of my favorite blends to mix up on a mid-morning or mid-afternoon an empty stomach for a very clear-headed cognitive high.\n\nYou have probably heard and you already love the term “soul food.” You should know that there’s “brain food” too. Natural supplements are the best way to express your gratitude for all the hard work your brain does for you around the clock. These products aren’t reserved only for the elderly users. On the contrary, if you start using them while you’re still young and sharp, you can ensure the proper protection against all those age-related mental deterioration processes.\nDirections — as a dietary supplement take 2 veggie capsules once a day . For best results take 20-30 min before a meal with an 8oz. Glass of water or as directed by your healthcare professional. As a dietary supplement take two (2) veggie capsules once a day. For best results take 20-30 minutes before a meal with an 8oz. glass of water or as directed by your healthcare professional. — Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, adults take one (1) capsule per day. Do not exceed 2 capsules per day. —\nLast summer, I visited Phillips in the high desert resort town of Bend, Oregon, where he lives with his wife, Kathleen, and their two daughters, Ivy and Ruby. Phillips, who is now 36, took me for coffee at a cheery café called Thump. Wearing shorts, flip-flops and a black T-shirt, he said: \"Poker is about sitting in one place, watching your opponents for a long time, and making better observations about them than they make about you.\" With Provigil, he \"could process all the information about what was going on at the table and do something about it\". Though there is no question that Phillips became much more successful at poker after taking neuroenhancers, I asked him if his improvement could be explained by a placebo effect, or by coincidence. He doubted it, but allowed that it could. Still, he said, \"there's a sort of clarity I get with Provigil. With Adderall, I'd characterise the effect as correction - correction of an underlying condition. Provigil feels like enhancement.\" And, whereas Adderall made him \"jittery\", Provigil's effects were \"completely limited to my brain\". He had \"zero difficulty sleeping\".\n\nThanks to its carefully-selected and totally harmless natural ingredients, you can deal with stressful situations more efficiently and overcome them easier. We are exposed to stress from diverse sources, such as family, school or work. If you feel that you constantly lack the energy to get your things done, then you can freely blame it on stress. Brain Pill helps you get rid of brain fog that limits your productivity and alertness levels.\n\nMosconi holds a dual PhD in neuroscience and nuclear medicine. She is the associate director of the Alzheimer’s Prevention Clinic at Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the founder of the Nutrition and Brain Fitness Lab at New York University School of Medicine. With her training and experience, she ought to understand and practice rigorous science. She makes all the right noises about scientific literacy and recognizing pseudoscience, but she seems unable to look in the mirror and see her own errors.\nNootropics aren’t new—the word was coined in 1972 by a Romanian doctor, Corneliu E. Giurgea—but the Silicon Valley-led body-hacking movement, epitomized by food replacements like Soylent and specialized supplements like Bulletproof Coffee, seems to have given them new life. There are dozens of online forums, including an active subreddit, where nootropics users gather to exchange stack recipes and discuss the effects of various combinations of compounds. And although their \"brain-enhancing\" effects are still generally unproven, nootropics proponents point to clinical studies showing that certain compounds can increase short-term memory, reduce reaction time, and improve spatial awareness.\n\nSimilar delicacies from around the world include Mexican tacos de sesos.[1] The Anyang tribe of Cameroon practiced a tradition in which a new tribal chief would consume the brain of a hunted gorilla, while another senior member of the tribe would eat the heart.[2] Indonesian cuisine specialty in Minangkabau cuisine also served beef brain in a coconut-milk gravy named gulai otak (beef brain curry).[3][4] In Cuban cuisine, \"brain fritters\" are made by coating pieces of brain with bread crumbs and then frying them.[5]\nSurgeries – Here's another unpleasant surprise. You're probably thinking we're referring to a brain surgery, but that's not the only surgery that can influence the blood flow to your brain the bad way. For example, a heart surgery can cause hypoperfusion. How? Fat globules, which are released during these kinds of procedures, can find their way to your brain and disrupt the optimal blood flow.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9313501119613647}
+{"content": "Describe your favorite person in the family\n\nWho is your favorite person in the family?\n\nMy favorite person in my family is my brother.\n\nIs this person important for the family?\n\nHe is very important for the family because he loves everyone and he also provides guidance to the family members.\n\nWhat impact does this person have on you?\n\nMy brother has a great impact on my personality. My brother is a very honest person and after being inspired from him, I have also become an honest man. My brother is also a very soft hearted person.  I have also started taking care of other people, and I have also started feeling the pain of other people.\n\n\nDescribe a character in a movie\n\nWhat was the name of the character, and who played it?\n\nI liked the character of Victor Novaski in the movie Terminal. The character was played by Tom Hanks.\n\nWhat impact did the character have on you?\n\nI liked the character in the movie very much. The character has made me a courageous person.\n\nWhat did you learn from this character?\n\nThe character showed me that we as human beings should always do the right thing. The character in the movie went through very hard times, but still he did not leave the right way. I have learned that if a person stands up for the right thing then God gives him the courage to fight till the end.\n\n\nHow would you like to spend your ideal weekend (ideal means best weekend)\n\nWith whom would you like to spend your ideal weekend?\n\nI would like to spend my ideal weekend with my cousins.\n\nWhat would you like to eat on your ideal weekend?\n\nI would like to eat pizza with my cousins.\n\nHow much money would you be ready to spend on your ideal weekend?\n\nI would be ready to spend $100 on my ideal weekend.\n\n\nConstruct your own house\n\nIf you ever get a chance, would you make your own house?\n\nRight now I am living in my parent’s house, but if I ever get a chance of constructing my own house I will make a house which will consist of at least 10 rooms.\n\nWhat kind of interior would you use in the house?\n\nI would like to give a royal touch to the interior of my house. I am greatly impressed by the Mughals, so I would like to make my interior same as the Mughal did.\n\nWhat location would you choose for your dream house?\n\nI would select a location which is calm and peaceful. I am allergic to noise and pollution so I would most probably choose a location which is away from the downtown.\n\n\nDescribe a school you attended\n\nWhat was the name of the school and where was it located?\n\nMy school was located in Lahore and the name of my school was International school of Choueifat.\n\nHow many faculty members and pupils were there in the school?\n\nI studied in a very big school. There were about 5,000 students and 200 teachers in the school.\n\nWhy did you like the school?\n\nI liked the school a lot. The foremost reason I liked the school was that the teachers were very polite. The teachers were soft hearted and they treated us very well. The teachers also motivated us to work hard and achieve good grades in exams.\n\n\nDescribe a day in your life you will never forget\n\nWhat happened on that day?\n\nI will never forget the day when I met with an accident.\n\nWhy can’t you forget it?\n\nI cannot forget it because it was my birthday that day. I was coming back from my birthday party and my car was hit by a bus. I suffered severe injuries and my leg got fractured.\n\nWhat lesson did you learn from that day?\n\nAfter the accident I understood the meaning of life, I started loving my life.\n\n\nFamily event\n\nWhen was the event held?\n\nThe family event occurred 2 months ago.\n\nWhy was the family event held?\n\nIt was the birthday party of my niece.\n\nWho attended the event?\n\nThe event was attended by friends and family members.\n\nDid the people enjoy the event?\n\nPeople enjoyed the event very much because the event gave them the chance to meet their loved ones. Apart from that there was also food served on the event which was liked by everyone.\n\nWhy do you remember this event?\n\nI remember this event because I was given the responsibility of arranging the entire event.\n\n\nEnjoyable trip\n\nWhere did you go?\n\nI went to an enjoyable trip last month. I went to Dubai.\n\nWhy was this trip special?\n\nThe good thing about the trip was that I was accompanied by my friends and cousins.\n\nWhy do you consider it to be a enjoyable trip?\n\nI remember this trip a lot because I had a great time over there. I enjoyed every bit of the trip because I ate a lot and enjoyed a lot.\n\n\nYour favorite book\n\nWhich is your favorite book?\n\nMy favorite book is Harry Porter.\n\nWhy do you like this book?\n\nI like this book because I have always been a great fan of fantasies. I love the way the author describes the whole magical world.\n\nWhat influence did the book have on you?\n\nThe book not only provided me entertainment, but it also gave me knowledge.\n\nDo you believe people should read book?\n\nYes, I definitely believe that people should read books. I have two reasons for saying this, first the books give us tremendous amount of knowledge and the second reason is that we can improve language skills by reading books.\n\n\nDescribe means of transport\n\nWhat are the different means of transport in your country?\n\nThere are many different means of transport available in my country. People in my country travel my land, water and air.\n\nIn the rural area you can find bicycles, horses, and rich haws, Where as in the urban areas you can find motor cycles, cars and buses.\n\nIt is very costly to travel on a car, but if you do not have the money you can travel on the bus or the rickshaws because they are relatively cheaper.\n\n\nYou favorite museum\n\nWhen was the last time you went to a museum?\n\nI went to a museum last week.\n\nWhat kind of museum was it?\n\nIt was a science and technology museum.\n\nWhat things did you see in the museum?\n\nI saw some great inventions of the century in that museum. I saw the first computer which was built in the world. I was really inspired by the great inventions.\n\nWhy do people make museums?\n\nI think that people make museums to applaud the work of great people. They also want to show their present and future generations that their ancestors had to work very hard in order to give them the things which they have right now.\n\n\nleisure time\n\nWhat do you do in your leisure time?\n\nI watch movies in my leisure time.\n\nHow should people spend their leisure time?\n\nLeisure time is another word for free time, so I think that everyone in this world has a right to decide what they want to do in their free time.\n\nWhy is leisure time important?\n\nLeisure time is very important because all of us spend our entire day working, and we deserve some free time in order to relax our mind and do something which we like.\n\n\nYour favorite animal\n\nWhat is your favorite animal?\n\nMy favorite animal is a horse\n\nWhat do you like about this animal?\n\nI like the horse very much because it is a very beautiful animal. I love it when the horse gallops. The horse is also a very a friendly animal.\n\nHow do people use this animal?\n\nNowadays the horses are mostly used for the purpose of horse riding, but in the older time horses were the primary means of transport for the human beings. Nowadays, the horses have lost their importance and they are ignored.\n\n\nImportance of newspaper in your life\n\nWhat is the importance of newspaper in your life?\n\nNewspapers play a very important role in my life.\n\nHow often do you read the newspaper?\n\nI read the newspaper every day.\n\nWhy do you read the newspaper?\n\nI read the newspaper because I want to be well informed of the current situation of my country and the rest of the world. I also read the newspapers because I want to search for some jobs which are available in my city.\n\nDo you think that the importance of newspapers is decreasing?\n\nYes, I think that the newspapers are facing tough competition by the news websites, but I still believe that many people still regard newspapers to be a very reliable source of information.\n\n\nFavorite restaurant\n\nWhich is your favorite restaurant?\n\nMy favorite restaurant is China town.\n\nWhy do you like the place?\n\nI like the restaurant very much because it offers Chinese food. I love to eat Chinese food and the restaurant’s staff is also very amiable.\n\nWhy do people eat food from restaurants?\n\nPeople eat food from the restaurants because they want to change their mood. Other than that some people eat food from restaurants because it is convenient for them.\n\n\n\nDescribe a concert you recently attended?\n\nI recently attended a concert to hear my favorite band Crazy lovers\n\nWhat kind of music were they playing?\n\nThe band was playing rock music.\n\nDid you enjoy?\n\nYes I enjoyed so much, as I told you earlier that the concert was performed by favorite band so I enjoyed a lot. I was accompanied by my friends so we danced, sang and ate a lot of food in the concert.\n\n\nFavorite teacher\n\nWho is your favorite teacher?\n\nMy favorite teacher is Mr. John\n\nWhat subjects did he teach you?\n\nHe taught me English and Social Studies.\n\nWhat did you like about him?\n\nMr. John was a very polite teacher. He always motivated me to work harder and he also helped whenever I was unable to understand a concept.\n\nWhy do people become teachers?\n\nI personally love this profession. I think that people become teachers because they want to help other people. Teachers play a very important role in the character development of a student. In my opinion they are serving the society in a very good way.\n\n\n\n\n\nHow often do you use the internet?\n\nI use the internet every day.\n\nWhy do people use the internet?\n\nPeople use the internet for communication, education, games, movies, news, and information.\n\nWhy do you use the internet?\n\nI usually use the internet to communicate with my friends and family. I also use the internet to watch and download movies.\n\nDo you think internet is gaining more popularity than TV?\n\nYes, I agree with you. I think that internet is gaining popularity day by day. I personally believe that internet is more convenient. For instance, if I want to watch a program on internet then I can watch it at anytime. But if I want to watch a program on TV then I will have to wait for it.\n\n\nDress code\n\nWhat kind of clothes do you want to wear?\n\nI like to wear casual clothes.\n\nAre you brand conscious?\n\nNo, I am not brand conscious. I can wear any clothes.\n\nWhy do people wear formal clothes?\n\nPeople wear formal clothes when they have to go to an important place. Businessmen also wear formal clothes because they have to represent their companies in front of the world.\n\n\n\n\nHave you ever worn uniform?\n\nYes I used to wear a uniform when I was in my school.\n\nDo you think uniform is important?\n\nYes I strongly believe that uniform is very important. Uniform gives us discipline. I used to love my school uniform because it showed us that we were together. Uniform also shows unity. Moreover it is not possible for everyone in the school to buy expensive clothes, so uniform eradicates the problem of inequality.\n\n\n\n\nWho is your favorite teacher?\n\nMy favorite teacher is Mr. John\n\nWhat subject did the teacher?\n\nMr. John taught me Economics.\n\nWhy do you consider him as your favorite teacher?\n\nI regard Mr. John as my favorite teacher because he was a very friendly teacher. He motivated me to work harder and he also taught very well. I used to enjoy his lectures because he made the lecture exciting and interesting.\n\nWhy impact did the teacher have on you?\n\nMr. John had a great impact on me. I was greatly impressed by his friendliness, and I have also started to behave in a similar manner with other people.\n\n\nCurrent job\n\nWhere are you working right now?\n\nThese days I am working in a real estate agency.\n\nWhat kind of job is it?\n\nI have a really simple job to do. I have to rent out apartments.\n\nDo you like the job?\n\nI like my job because I have to visit different places when I have to show apartment to my potential clients. Another reason I like my job is that I only have to work 8 hours a day. I do not have to worry about the work after I am done with my working hours.\n\nHow will this job help you in your future?\n\nI hope to open my own real estate agency in near future. This job is providing me hands on experience on how to run and manage a real estate agency.\n\n\n\nDescribe a chair?\n\nChair is an object which has 4 legs, a back and a seat. There are many kinds of chair in the world.\n\nHow important is a chair in your life?\n\nChair has played a very important role in my life. I remember that the first thing which I saw on my first day at school was a chair. Chair has been in my life since then. The types of chairs have over the years but chair have remained in my life. In school I used sit on a wooden chair, in college I used to sit on a plastic chair and now as I am in my professional life, I get to sit on comfortable chairs.\n\nDo you prefer chair over a sofa?\n\nI certainly prefer chair over sofa. Whenever I am doing something important, I always sit on the chair.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5466974973678589}
+{"content": "I'm Not Religious, I'm Spiritual: A Lighthouse in a Storm\n\nSo, religion is a perfect tool for helping to counter this cultural deconstruction and generational stratification, but it can only be helpful if large enough sets of people in our culture share belief systems. In particular, they must share those beliefs which form the basis of the rest of their beliefs. The notion of a basis was discussed in the first section of this series. Where the bases formed primarily from scientific knowledge are always shifting, those formed by and tied to religion are much more constant. In this way, elements of religion act as metacultural fixpoints in the psyche of believers.\n\nIf I Had the Chops to Write My Daedalian Magnum Corpus\n\nDico ergo quia non loquimur de talibus naturaliter possibilibus sed miraculose possibilibus quod in uno parvo spacio et loco ut in loco grani milii vel sub eius magnitudine Deus posset formare valde magnum corpus, scilicet maius quam sit mundus et verum est quod illud corpus non esset in illo parvo corpore vel loco circumscriptive et commensurabiliter.\n\nDivergents and Directional Antennae: Measurement and Inference\n\nThis categorical coherence looks for higher level patterns. It could identify the presence of diseases previously unknown, not because it's matching against a list of diseases and their progressions, but because it's identified unknown patterns of neurodegeneration in a patient. In addition to unknown disease progression, this could also identify the combination of drug-induced neurological damage or damage induced by the combination of diseases.\n\nEducation Goals 2016\n\nHere's a list of things that are incredibly interesting and I couldn't live without learning. I'm hoping to learn plasma physics to get to the point where I can hang with people doing real research and maybe apply my creativity.\n\nDivergents and Directional Antennae\n\nI started thinking about directional antennae and reason about what kind of math would allow me to predict the shape of the energy distribution, first given idealized omnidirectional or directional antennae. And later, given the specific structure of a more realistic antenna, I hoped to identify some relationships that would allow computation of energy propagation and distribution.\n\nI'm Not Religious, I'm Spiritual: Of God and Atheisms\n\nWhich part of the beauty of this world did you miss? Did you take a look at that sapphiric jewel floating in the massive expanse of ether? Did you stop to think that the only reason we can begin to fathom the infinite, magnificent expanse of our universe is because the universe began to reflect intangible metaphysical artifacts and imbued star dust with the potential to become self-aware. Over the course of billions of years, the universe evoked forms through which it could wonder in awe of it's own beauty.\n\nI'm Not Religious, I'm Spiritual: God Is Not Dead\n\nMyth and religion have irrefutable value as tools which act as a cultural loom, with which we can weave accumulated knowledge to shape our youth. You simply cannot deny that a good story can be formative in how the next generation constructs their lens and perspective. Myth and religion can act as moulds and dies from which our minds are cast. Our psyche arises from forms emerging from combinated and amalgamated archetypes, acting as fixpoints.\n\nThe Nature of God\n\nAnd so, this light derived from knowledge and truth can never be destroyed. Whenever and wherever there are beings with the time, stability and blessing of God to further the development of their consciousness, will rediscover truth and reclaim light. Destroy it if you are so empowered; if you so desire. These truths are self-evident through exploration of our world and our mind. They can be suppressed to decimation, but obliteration is simply not possible.\n\nThe Death of Creativity\n\n\nThe Paradox of Creativity\n\nObviously, we must move forward; our economy demands it. Yet, we need to keep a close eye on our trajectory. Total loss of the factors which fecundate and fertilize to cultivate seeds of creativity may leave us stranded and lost. We need to maintain diversity of thought, so that we can take advantage of the cross-pollination of ideas.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6805230379104614}
+{"content": "You are not logged in.\n\nTuesday, November 13th 2018, 2:01am UTC+1\n\n\n\n\n1 gallery - 4 albums - 142 photos (0.03 photos per day) - 5 comments - 44.48 MB used.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9518773555755615}
+{"content": "Showing results for \nSearch instead for \nDo you mean \n\ngetting a red X\n\nNew Member\nPosts: 5\nCountry: USA\n\ngetting a red X\n\ntryinf to sync and getting a RED X in the boxes anyone have any ideas\n\nPlatinum Super Contributor\nPosts: 5,275\nCountry: USA\n\nRe: getting a red X\n\nCan you provide some additional information about the issue:\n\n- What is the version of ACT! you are running?\n\n- Assume this is synchronizing a remote database - is that correct?\n\n- Are there any errors presented?\n\n- Can you attach a screen shot?\n\n- What is your operating system?\n\n- Has it ever worked?  If yes, have you tried rebooting the computer, then attempting to sync?\n\n\nGreg Martin", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000096559524536}
+{"content": "In piano lingo, “action” describes the way the piano keys feel when you press on them. With a digital piano, the closer the action is to that of an acoustic piano, the better. Semi-weighted action uses a spring to create the resistance felt when pressing a key and its rebound when you lift your finger. Hammer action uses a hammer mechanism like that found in an acoustic piano to replicate the feel. Graded, or progressive, hammer action takes that a step further by increasing the weight of the action as you descend to the lower notes on the keyboard. Using a keyboard with weighted action is beneficial for multiple reasons. It helps build finger strength while practicing (a spring-based action will only minimally address this), and it allows for more variation and musicality in the way you play a note. While a piano keyboard might look like nothing more than a bunch of on/off switches, in reality there’s a range of volumes and timbres that can be achieved depending on how quickly or strongly you depress the keys. Hammer action best replicates those possibilities.\nWith a basswood body, this can just be the best option if you are trying the guitar for the first time since it has got a short sustain. In addition to this, the guitar can be used for more complicated sounds. If you’re not really sure the kind of music you’ll be focusing on, be sure to try out this guitar. It has twenty frets. Rosewood fretboard and basswood body make it a durable guitar to play on your next rock performance. The maple neck is another good thing about the product.\n\nBass guitars require a bass amp. It is possible to play a guitar through a bass amp, but you cannot play a bass through a guitar amp without damaging the amp. Amplifying low-frequency sounds is more challenging and requires both different equipment and more space compared to an ordinary guitar's amplification needs. Like guitar amps, bass amps can be combined or separated into the head and the speaker.\nDrum muffles are types of mutes that can reduce the ring, boomy overtone frequencies, or overall volume on a snare, bass, or tom. Controlling the ring is useful in studio or live settings when unwanted frequencies can clash with other instruments in the mix. There are internal and external muffling devices which rest on the inside or outside of the drumhead, respectively. Common types of mufflers include muffling rings, gels and duct tape, and improvised methods, such as placing a wallet near the edge of the head.[25] Some drummers muffle the sound of a drum by putting a cloth over the drumhead.\n\nHowever, with the technological advances, recent digital pianos are mostly capable of recreating string resonances, reverberations and other acoustical effects via digital signal processing (DSP) and modeling technology. One example is the Casio Privia, which is able to generate such acoustical effects by means of a simple DSP, which is far less complex than physical modeling.\n\n\nIf you choose to venture beyond the traditional acoustic drum set, the variety here will reward you for it. One great way to expand your percussion options is with an electronic drum kit, which gives you the opportunity to program any samples you want into the sound module. That means you get not only a huge range of natural drum sounds, but also the ability to queue up virtually any other effect you want. As well as electronic drums, there are plenty of world percussion options here for you to peruse. Those range from hand drums like the cajon and djembe to all kinds of distinctive instruments such as tambourines, chimes and, of course, the iconic cowbell.\nAll of these are classified as non-pitched percussion, allowing for the music to be scored using percussion notation, for which a loose semi-standardized form exists for both the drum kit and electronic drums. The drum kit is usually played while seated on a stool known as a throne. While many instruments like the guitar or piano are capable of performing melodies and chords, most drum kits are unable to achieve this as they produce sounds of indeterminate pitch.[6] The drum kit is a part of the standard rhythm section, used in many types of popular and traditional music styles, ranging from rock and pop to blues and jazz. Other standard instruments used in the rhythm section include the piano, electric guitar, electric bass, and keyboards.\n\n\nVirtual drums are a type of audio software that simulates the sound of a drum kit using synthesized drum kit sounds or digital samples of acoustic drum sounds. Different drum software products offer a recording function, the ability to select from several acoustically distinctive drum kits (e.g., jazz, rock, metal), as well as the option to incorporate different songs into the session. Some software for the personal computer (PC) can turn any hard surface into a virtual drum kit using only one microphone.\n\nThree sounds (Grand Piano Concert, Grand Piano Modern, and Elec. Piano 1) have dedicated buttons on the control panel. Selecting any of the other 15 sounds requires the player to press the Function button and a corresponding piano key labeled with the name of the sound, such as Vibraphone or Jazz Organ. The keys used for instrument selection are in the middle of the keyboard, starting at middle C, for easy accessibility. Some other keyboards that use this selection method have the selection keys assigned to the bottom octave of the keyboard, which can make changing sounds a bit more difficult because you have to look and reach down to the far left end of the keyboard. If you have a library of sounds on your computer, the Casio Privia PX-160 can be used as a controller by connecting it to your computer via USB.\nA sizzler is a metal chain or combination of chains that is hung across a cymbal, creating a distinctive metallic sound when the cymbal is struck similar to that of a sizzle cymbal. Using a sizzler is the non-destructive alternative to drilling holes in a cymbal and putting metal rivets in the holes. Another benefit of using a \"sizzler\" chain is that the chain can be removed and the cymbal will return to its normal sound (in contrast, a cymbal with rivets would have to have the rivets removed). Some sizzlers feature pivoting arms that allow the chains to be quickly raised from the cymbal, or lowered onto it, allowing the effect to be used for some songs and removed for others.\nA fully electronic kit is also easier to soundcheck than acoustic drums, assuming that the electronic drum module has levels that the drummer has pre-set in her/his practice room; in contrast, when an acoustic kit is sound checked, most drums and cymbals need to be miked and each mic needs to be tested by the drummer so its level and tone equalization can be adjusted by the sound engineer. As well, even after all the individual drum and cymbal mics are soundchecked, the engineer needs to listen to the drummer play a standard groove, to check that the balance between the kit instruments is right. Finally, the engineer needs to set up the monitor mix for the drummer, which the drummer uses to hear her/his instruments and the instruments and vocals of the rest of the band. With a fully electronic kit, many of these steps could be eliminated.\nIf the toms are omitted completely, or the bass drum is replaced by a pedal-operated beater on the bottom skin of a floor tom and the hanging toms omitted, the result is a two-piece \"cocktail\" (lounge) kit. Such kits are particularly favoured in musical genres such as trad jazz, rockabilly and jump blues. Some rockabilly kits and beginners kits for very young players omit the hi-hat stand. In rockabilly, this allows the drummer to play standing rather than seated.\nThe guitar gives you a vintage tone that is delivered by the 3 custom Jaguar single-coil pickups with notched claw shielding rings. Single coils have been around for long and are quite simple. They give you a bright and focused sound. This is truly a unique bass guitar that known as baritone guitar too. You will surely fall in love with the music of the guitar that provided with gritty and low tone sound. It has updated its baritone classics also.\n\nThe 88-key Yamaha YPG-535 Portable Grand Piano Keyboard offers you great-feeling graded soft-touch action atop a sturdy, good-looking built-in stand. Its Performance Assistance Technology ensures the Yamaha YPG-535 delivers error-free performances. And the digital piano’s music database provides complete keyboard setups organized by song title. Learn More\nIf you’re a beginner, we offer a range of bass guitar starter kits, which typically come with an electric bass guitar, a bass amp, and the necessary bass accessories you’ll need to kick off your bass career! We also have short-scale bass guitars in our inventory, which may feel more comfortable in your hands if you’re a younger or smaller player. If you’re looking to start taking lessons or you want to teach yourself how to play the bass guitar, we have a plenty of instructional bass books that you can check out!\n\nSingle Bass Drum PedalsDrum Workshop 2000 Single Bass Drum PedalSee More Single Bass Drum PedalsDouble Bass Drum PedalsDrum Workshop Double Bass Drum PedalsPearl P3002D Eliminator Demon DriveDrum Workshop USA MDD Double Bass Drum PedalTama HP900PWN Iron Cobra Power GlideSee More Double Bass Drum PedalsCymbal StandsBoom StandsPacific Drums CB800 Cymbal Boom StandStraight Cymbal StandsSee More Cymbal StandsHi Hat StandsDrum Workshop 9500 Hi-Hat StandSee More Hi Hat StandsDrum ThronesCannon Percussion UP197 Double Braced Drum ThroneSee More Drum ThronesOther Drum HardwareGibraltar SC4420S Super Hi-Hat ClutchSee More Other Drum HardwareSee All Drum Hardware\nSince there are so many digital pianos worthy of your attention in this catalog, you may want to narrow down your choices using some of the search options on the sidebar. For example, if you select stage digital pianos under the category section, you'll be presented with all the digital pianos that were made for the stage. Once here you have the opportunity to drill down even further and can search by topics like number of keys, MIDI/USB Connections or by whether or not the digital piano has built-in speakers.\n\nWhat Are you Looking for?\n\nDigital Piano Bass Guitar Drums\ndigital piano\nbass guitar\npiano bass guitar drums\n\nWe did the research for you so you won't have to!\n\nAll our recommended products have received at least 4.5 stars overall.\n\nClick on any of the buttons above to check them out!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5127052068710327}
+{"content": "A programmer turned sci-fi author has predicted that robots could outnumber humans as early as 2040\n\nSpencer Platt/Getty Images\n\nThere will be as many robots as there are humans within the next 24 to 39 years, according to a blog post published yesterday by a writer who is penning a new science fiction novel.\n\nLogan Streondj, a software programmer and author, wanted to figure out when the population of robots will reach that of humans for his book titled “A home for robots or-else artilect war.”\n\nStreondj used a variety of sources to determine the date. First, he turned to statistics website World Counts, which states there are roughly 350 thousand humans born every day, the equivalent of 130 million a year. The growth rate is around 1%.\n\nThen he turned to the International Federation of Robotics, which states there were about five million robots produced in 2014 (when combining service and industrial robots), with a growth rate of around 15%.\n\n“Using a compound interest calculator and presuming rates stay relatively constant, [it’s possible to] figure out that in around 25 years (2040) parity will be reached — the number of robots and humans being produced per year will be the same,” wrote Streondj on the Joyful Lifestyle Cooperative blog.\n\n“However, while homo-sapiens live on average 70 years, according to World Fact Book, robots have a life expectancy closer to 10 years, so would need to produce about seven times more robots per year in order to have the same number as humans which will be reached in the early 2050s. If, however, there is no assistance from humans fighting for the entitlements of robots, and the robots are forced to revolt by themselves, likely they would do so when outnumbering humans 10 to 1, which would (assuming trends continue) be in 55 years, or around 2070.”\n\nA robot can be defined as a machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer, according to Oxford Dictionairies.\n\nStreondj said he needed to come up with a realistic timeline for when a conflict could occur between humans and robots.\n\n\nAn artificial intellect (or “artilect”) is a computer intelligence superior to that of humans in one or more spheres of knowledge, together with an implicit will to use the intelligence, according to AI researcher Dr Hugo de Garis.\n\nRenowned scientists, such as Stephen Hawking and Oxford University’s Nick Bostrom, have warned that machines could outsmart humans within the next hundred years. Hawking told the BBC in 2014 that artificial intelligence could spell the end for humanity, while Bostrom agrees that the future of the human race is likely to be shaped by machines.\n\nBillionaires like PayPal founder Elon Musk and Microsoft cofounder Bill Gates have also expressed their concerns over the uncontrolled development of AI. However, many other scientists in the field, such Microsoft Research chief Eric Horvitz, say AI fears have been greatly overblown.\n\nNOW WATCH: Why Apple might want to remove the home button from the iPhone\n\nNOW WATCH: Tech Insider videos\n\nBusiness Insider Emails & Alerts\n\nSite highlights each day to your inbox.\n\n\nTagged In\n\nai robots sai-us uk", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9897142648696899}
+{"content": "We know surprisingly little about the implementation record of the recommendations made by Latin American truth commissions. When, how, and under what circumstances do governments take it upon themselves to implement these recommendations? Can we expect to see any patterns, depending on the type of recommendations? How do we make sure that information is systematised in the most efficient way? This workshop invites participants to explore ways in which to trace, systematise, and analyse these recommendations.\n\nElin Skaar\n\nSenior Researcher, Coordinator: Rights and Legal Institutions\n\nSee also:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8856744766235352}
+{"content": "newsletter june 2018\n\n\nfirst of all, i've been very addicted to this song.\n\n\n\n\nthank you (and amelia) so much for wanting to be part of the 'finding demo' project. i'm having tons of fun with it, exploring what can be called a demo, what is art and a bunch more questions that have haunted me for a while now.\n\nthis is the track list at the moment:\n\nNicholas Oliver - Agile and Bendy (03:05)\n\nFiona Clover - Maroon Matters (03:14)\n\nEthan Edwards - In California\n\nmelo - dreams (03:14)\n\nMaella - Because Before (02:38)\n\nSahil - Sometimes I Wonder (04:35)\n\nThe Cool Side of Your Pillow - Rowing Boat (04:00)\n\nBoys and The Guy - Peanut Butter Sandwich (01:25)\n\n\n\n\ntook a break from the daily podcasts i was doing because i feel like it's the time to start something with more substance, something that drives the label into a more creative landscape. hopefully i'll have time to execute all my ideas before the october release (the 'finding demo' project). will let you know as soon as it's more concrete.\n\n\n\n\nhad a meeting with the co-founder of the domino recording co in mid june and it was amazing. she could really understand my passion for music and we talked about animal collective and vashti bunyan a lot haha. she helped me really understand the purpose of my label just by making me explain it to her, which was really useful and cool.\n\n\n\n\napart from all that, there's not much to say. i've been contacting tons of press for belle jar's release and will start doing the same for the 'finding demo' release from today onwards.\n\nstill sketching the artwork of the album and hopefully something cool will come out of it.\n\nlet's see what comes out of all this.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9969748854637146}
+{"content": "The Wonders of Nature\n\nThe 3rd edition Low-Profile Film Capacitors\nThe Earth's Forests and Solar Power Performance\n\nIn generating solar power, system efficiency depends on more than just a high-efficiency solar cell. Equally as important is the installation's power supply, which includes an inverter to transform direct current into alternating current.\nTDK has recently developed low-profile film capacitors ideally suited for cutting-edge micro-inverters.\n\nForests types differ by latitude and altitude\n\nWhen climbing a high mountain one becomes aware of changes in the type of forest one sees at different altitudes. In the mountains of central Japan on the Pacific Ocean side, on level ground and at the base of the mountains one finds evergreen broad-leaved trees such as chinquapin and oak. As one climbs, the landscape shifts to predominantly deciduous broadleaved trees such as beech and mizunara oak. The subalpine zone is defined by an elevation of 1,500 to 2,500 meters, where dense forests consist primarily of evergreen conifers such as Veitch's silver fir, Maries' fir, and northern Japanese hemlock.These differences in tree species are largely due to atmospheric temperature. For every 100 meters in altitude the air temperature will drop 0.5 to 0.6 KC. At 2,000 meters the temperature is approximately 10 KC lower than at sea level.\n\nThis vertical distribution of forests is similar to the horizontal distribution of forests by latitude. Coniferous forests of the subalpine zone are similar in nature to the subarctic coniferous (boreal) forests of high-latitude regions such as the tiaga. Just as a mountain has a tree line above which trees do not grow, as one approaches the polar region the subarctic coniferous forest ends and the tundra begins, a permafrost zone where only moss and lichens can grow.\n\nThe Japanese archipelago is long and narrow north to south, with steep mountain ranges that offer a varied distribution of forests. More people these days are traveling to enjoy forests or climb mountains.\n\nChanges in Forests by Altitude (Pacific side of central Japan)\n\nNorthern Hemisphere Subarctic Coniferous Forest Distribution\n\nImproving solar cell conversion efficiency using a broad wavelength range\n\nForests of evergreen conifers are found in subalpine and subarctic zones where the temperature is lower than in low mountain areas and temperate latitudes. Different species of trees have developed different survival strategies depending on the climate. Plants use solar energy and absorb water and CO2 to produce organic tissue and grow. The greater the area of its leaves, the more effective the process of photosynthesis. However, when temperatures drop below freezing, leaves will suffer frost damage. Deciduous broad-leaved trees thus take advantage of the warm, sunny seasons from spring to autumn by spreading their leaves to allow as much photosynthesis as possible to take place; then they lose their leaves and become dormant as winter approaches. In contrast, the evergreen conifers that grow in subalpine and subarctic zones employ a strategy of photosynthesizing all year round. Little moisture evaporates from their thin, stiff, needle-like leaves, as protection from frost damage. And to utilize the sun's rays more efficiently, chloroplasts are densely concentrated, so the green color of conifers is deeper than that of deciduous tree leaves.\n\nPhotosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy. In manmade solar power systems, solar cells convert light into electrical energy. These solar cells used to generate power are made of various materials, such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon. None of these materials, though, covers as broad a wavelength range as natural photosynthesis. In recent years, the solar power industry has begun R&D on multi-junction solar cells that use stacked layers of different types of solar cells to take in a broader range of light wavelengths than even natural photosynthesis.\n\nMulti-junction Solar Cell\n\nIdeal low-profile film capacitors for solar micro-inverters\n\nIn solar power systems, modules that contain multiple solar cells are connected either in series or in parallel, and an inverter converts the current and sends it to electrical appliances or out to the electric company. The system's output depends only partially on the strength of the incoming light. Output is also affected by temperature and other factors, so being able to transfer energy at the maximum power point (MPP) is linked to higher efficiency. In recent years systems have been developed that use maximum power point tracking (MPPT), which relies on a microinverter built into each module to keep the system overall from being affected by a portion of the solar panels being in shadow.\n\nA micro-inverter requires low-profile electronic components, and so TDK developed low-profile film capacitors for this purpose. These components are only 15 mm and 19 mm in height while offering superb characteristics and high reliability. They are also ideal for equipment on board a vehicle as they are highly resistant to vibration and shock.\n\nSolar Power System and Micro-Inverters\n\nSolar Cell Module and Maximum Power Point(MPP)\n\nLow-Profile Film Capacitors\n\nFilm capacitors are widely used in converters, inverters, and power circuits for their insulating properties and high reliability.\nTDK's new low-profile film capacitors have been made as slim as 15 mm and 19 mm in height.\nThey are ideal for solar microinverters, flat TVs, induction cooktops, LED lighting, and other applications that require low-profile components.\n\nFlat, just 15 mm and 19 mm in height.\nComes in two types: the MKP model uses PET (polyethylene terephthalate) for the dielectric material, while the MKT model uses PP (polypropylene).\n\nThe Basic Structure of a Film Capacitor", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9472827315330505}
+{"content": "I'm using allergan (combigan and ganfort) for an advanced glaucoma. Are these the best drugs for treating glaucoma, or are there better ones?\n\nGlaucoma. Both combigan and ganfort are combination drops. Both contain timolol which would be unnecessary duplicate therapy with potential for side effects. This maybe something to address with your eye doc. However, it is often difficult to suggest alternatives in advanced glaucoma if a regimen is already working for you...a sort of ' don't fix what's not broken' approach. Good luck.\nGlaucoma. These antiglaucoma medications, among others, are very effective at lowering intraocular pressure. As long as you are monitored by an Eye MD, your eyes should be greatly benefited. At times medications may be adjusted or other treatment modalities maybe instituted if your glaucoma is advancing. These may include laser treatment or incisional surgery. Keep up good diligence in your management. .", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9945904612541199}
+{"content": "Connect with us\n\nLife Transitions\n\nElevating Your Life From Happiness to Meaning\n\n\nElevating Your Life From Happiness to Meaning\n\nWritten by: Daniel Slone\n\nReplacing the unending pursuit of happiness with the quest for a meaningful life\n\nIn college, Emily Esfahani Smith embarked on a search for happiness. Since everyone insisted that the path to happiness is success, that was the road her quest took. Yet contrary to what our culture told her, she did not find happiness there; instead, all she found was anxiety and a sense of alienation. Even more disturbing, her friends—all following the same road—were encountering the same negative feelings.\n\nPursuing Happiness\n\nDetermined to track down this stubbornly elusive happiness, she enrolled in graduate school to study positive psychology—as close to the “study of happiness” as an academic discipline can be. What she learned there, however, turned her concept of happiness on its head. Counterintuitive though it might be, the data showed that the pursuit of happiness is often the source of more hopelessness, more loneliness, and more despair. One statistic in particular summarized for her the state of affairs: global suicide rates have been rising and indeed hit a 30-year high in America not long ago. Research indicated that lack of meaning in life, not lack of happiness, is driving this trend.\n\nThat led Smith to ponder her own background. She had grown up in a Sufi meeting house in Montreal, where twice weekly she was surrounded by people with a spiritual focus (some Islamic scholars define Sufism as the inner dimension of Islam which is complemented by the outward practices such as Sharia) who in her words came “to meditate, drink Persian tea, and share stories.” Sufism demands patience and devotion and minimizes the ego through “small acts of love, which meant being kind even when people wronged you.” When she left for college, she lost that foundation of meaningful living, and in hindsight she realized it was that loss that sparked her search for happiness. “I later realized that I had grown up surrounded by people who were leading meaningful lives and had clear answers to exactly what that meant,” Smith relates.\n\nMeaning Over Happiness\n\nShe found herself bothered by our culture’s consensus that a “good life” is a happy life. “The people in my life whom I most admired had all devoted themselves to something greater than themselves. My parents, for example, were focused on parenting my brother and me,” Smith says. “Their lives were very full but also very stressful, and they were certainly not happy all the time.”\n\nAlthough meaning grounded in Sufism had been her original experience, she concluded that it is possible to lead a meaningful life without being a religious or spiritual person. But what exactly, she wondered, would that look like? Over the course of five years, she interviewed hundreds of people and perused thousands of pages in the bodies of work of psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy.\n\nSmith discovered that Western philosophy originally embraced a notion of happiness akin to the ideas she was developing rather than the modern concept. Certainly, there has long been an interest in happiness going back to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Their concept was eudaimonia, which has been simplistically and misleadingly translated as “happiness.” A more accurate translation, however, would be “worthwhile life.” (Some authorities have proposed “human flourishing,” which is certainly well-aligned with Smith’s concept of meaning.) According to Aristotle, happiness is the “profit” from living a meaningful life. It was not until late in the nineteenth century that the concept began morphing into its modern version, making it a safe assumption that the Founding Fathers—who were, after all, well-schooled in Greek philosophical thought—had a very different notion in mind when they enshrined the “pursuit of happiness” in the Declaration of Independence.\n\nWestern philosophy, then, had once held that pursuing meaning in life would produce happiness; to them, pursuing happiness itself would be a nonsensical idea. “I felt our culture does not value the sort of life that provides meaning, which ironically is why so many people are unhappy,” Smith observes. The equation of success with happiness smacks of a focus on materialism and financial achievement, but money does not provide meaning. Instead, the five years she spent examining the nature of a meaningful life led her to what she calls the “four pillars”: belonging, purpose, transcendence, and storytelling.\n\n1 Belonging\n\nBelonging means having relationships in which “you’re valued for who you are intrinsically” and in which that value is mutual. Shallow relationships—those that attempt to replace love with sex, for example, or membership in groups that value a person for what they believe, oppose, or hate—do not achieve belonging, which is why they are ultimately not satisfying.\n\n2 Purpose\n\nSmith defines purpose as “using your strengths to serve others.” Purpose does not necessarily have to come from one’s work (or at least not exclusively), but for many it does. There is nothing fundamentally wrong with that, but it does mean that issues, such as low labor force participation or disengagement from a job, “aren’t just economic problems, they’re existential ones, too.”\n\n3 Transcendence\n\nTranscendence is the diminishing of self and connection to a higher reality. For those whose meaningful living has a religious context, this is a key function of religion, but in her hundreds of conversations, Smith found people who found transcendence in a completely secular source, such as art. For her, the source is writing: “Sometimes I get so in the zone that I lose all sense of time and place.”\n\nRelated: How Would You Give Back?\n\n4 Storytelling\n\nThe final pillar is what Smith calls storytelling. Recall that one of her memories of her childhood in the meeting house was people telling stories. But Smith’s concept of storytelling is internal, what she describes as “the story you tell yourself about yourself.” Changing that story can transform a person’s life. Some people may need the assistance of a therapist to achieve such a change, but often it can be achieved simply through thoughtful reflection.\n\nPerhaps it is no surprise that a writer arrived at storytelling as one of the pillars of a meaningful life. “Being a writer is what I love. Sometimes it’s difficult, and therefore not necessarily happy, but I value writing things that positively affect people’s lives,” Smith notes. “Imagine the value of a parent being able to teach their child how to live a meaningful life—to avoid despair and anxiety and loneliness as an adult. What is that worth?”\n\nShe continues, “Writing helped me realize two important things: First, meaning is not just this vague concept; there are specific things we need to and can do in our lives for meaning. Second, you don’t have to do extraordinary things to have meaning in your life; you don’t have to become a monk, find a cure for cancer, or start the next Facebook. Acts of service big and small, loving others, having work that you’re proud of—these bring meaning down to earth, make it practical and achievable. That’s what I want people to take away from my work.”\n\nContinue Reading", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5262219905853271}
+{"content": "Section 3: Evolution\n\nOver time, the Strandbeests have dramatically evolved in form and function as Jansen become more intrigued in the immediate quasi-evolutionary process playing our before him. The product of 28-years of ongoing evolution through constant experimentation and development, these Strandbeests have advanced from rudimentary structures to complex creatures that are able to respond autonomously to environmental conditions.\n\nSome Strandbeests are able to detect incoming tides and retreat to higher ground. Others are able to sense the strong wind of an impending storm and pound an anchor into the sand to prevent itself from being blown away. When there is no wind, these creatures tap into plastic bottle ‘stomachs’ for stored wind to propel them forward. This section looks into several of the evolutionary adaptations that the Strandbeests have acquired over the years.\n\nAnimaris Rigide Properans\nTepideem, the Less-Hot Period\n1994 – 1997\n\nThe propeller attached to the back of Rigide Properans enabled it to walk sideways against the direction of the wind at considerable speed. Jansen calls it his ‘sturdy hasty beach animal’.  Rigide Properans is now considered a fossil as it can no longer move.\n\nAnimaris Apodiacula\nAurum, the Period of Gentle Breeze\n2013 – 2015\n\nApodiacula is one of the tallest Strandbeests created by Jansen. It has striking protruding beams that work as outriggers, giving Apodiacula stability in strong winds and allowing it to walk without toppling over.\n\n*All images and videos: © Media Force", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7695416212081909}
+{"content": "Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy (MCMP)\n\nBreadcrumb Navigation\n\n\nConference: Formal Methods in Philosophy: Truth, Paradox, and Mathematics (4-6 June 2018)\n\n\nFormal theories are of central importance to several areas in philosophy, including of course logic and philosophy of mathematics, but also epistemology, the philosophy of language, metaphysics, and ethics. Although the systems studied are often technically sophisticated and of mathematical interest, it is not always so clear what philosophical goals are achieved by their consideration. This conference will focus on precisely the relationship between such formal methods and the philosophical objectives to which they are put.\n\nIn particular, we will be focusing primarily on the theory of truth, and in particular the ways in which formal theorizing has contributed to our understanding of the possible resolutions of semantic paradoxes such as the Liar. However, the event will not be limited to logic; it will additionally bring in specialists from several other fields of mathematical philosophy, such as the philosophy of mathematics, language, epistemology, and metaphysics.\n\nFurther Information", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5260818600654602}
+{"content": "FILE - In this May 6, 2016, file photo, cooks prepare meals during one of many food-testing exercises of the Olympic menu in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The caloric intakes for athletes in certain sports as they train for major competitions like what awaits i\nRenato Spyrro, File\nAugust 03, 2016\n\nAs far as bedtime snacks go, this one is not exactly classic.\n\nHere's the concoction that U.S. swimmer Ryan Murphy came up with when he was desperate to get a lot of extra nutrients in a hurry before calling it a day: Handfuls of kale and spinach, followed by some beets, oatmeal, splashes of tart cherry juice and a little bit of mango, all tossed into a blender for a few moments.\n\nHe chugged it down, too.\n\n''He knows he needs to get all the nutrients he can,'' said Alicia Kendig, the sports nutritionist for the U.S. swimming and track and field athletes that are competing in the Rio Games. ''Some athletes want it to taste good. Ryan knows that he needs to just put all the good stuff in it and get it down. That was his way of getting a salad down right before bed.''\n\nWhen chasing gold medals, it's whatever it takes. Murphy will likely be thought of as a favorite in the 100- and 200-meter backstroke events in Rio. If he wins, people will hear the story of all the sacrifices he's made in his career.\n\nWhat they probably won't hear about, or see, are the dietary demands on some of the athletes as they prep for an Olympics. The caloric intakes for athletes in certain sports - swimming among them - as they train for major competitions like what awaits in Rio are massive, several times more than what the typical adult needs to get through a regular day. The tale of Michael Phelps taking in 12,000 calories a day as he trained for the London Games was exaggerated, though probably only slightly.\n\n''Oh, they eat a lot,'' Kendig said.\n\nMaking sure U.S. athletes get what they need, when they need it, wherever they are in the world is a massive undertaking. No event comes with more pressure on that front than an Olympics. The planning for each games lasts about two years, meaning that when this Olympiad ends there will be people already working on the system that will be used at the next Winter Games in South Korea in 2018.\n\n''There's a lot of moving parts,'' said Terri Moreman, the U.S. Olympic Committee associate director of food and nutrition services - who was overseeing the unloading of seven tractor-trailer loads of things that were sent from Colorado Springs arriving in Rio on one recent day. ''It is quite a challenge. You pay attention to the detail, try to stay ahead of it at all times, always anticipate what can go wrong and always have a Plan B.''\n\nNo detail is left to chance. Moreman has been overseeing what was sent to Rio from the United States, along with what the USOC needed to rent or buy in Brazil. Some things were packed up months ago; others will be gotten as needed during the Olympics and Paralympics. A team of nearly a dozen chefs will prepare the food for U.S. athletes and staff will eat.\n\nThere's five sport dietitians like Kendig on staff as well, making sure athletes are building their plates the right way.\n\n''When they get to a certain age, they really start realizing how much nutrition affects how they feel as well as what their bodies look like and the number on the scale,'' Kendig said. ''Some of the younger athletes, they're still kind of exploring, a little more adventurous. The veterans really take it seriously.''\n\nKendig has seen some interesting stuff lately.\n\nShe caught an athlete with his head in the refrigerator; he was busted eating fistfuls of kale, some of which went flying when he broke into laughter. An Olympic track athlete, on a recent training day that was relatively light, decided that he wanted a peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwich - but because it wasn't a big calorie-burning day, he enjoyed the ''sandwich'' with no bread.\n\n''All he did was stir peanut butter and jelly together,'' Kendig said.\n\nSacrifice is part of being an elite athlete, though flavor doesn't always have to give. At a swimming training camp near San Antonio, the after-workout immediate reward was an icy cold smoothie with fresh berries and either plant or whey protein. And in the all-you-can-eat training table buffets, there are plenty of pastas, lean meats and fish.\n\nAnd when the Olympics are over, yes, even super-fit athletes are looking for some comfort food.\n\n''It's McDonald's,'' Kendig said. ''Some of them have gone for so long being so dialed in what's healthy and nutrition-packed that it's a psychological release. So yes, they all do it. At least french fries.''\n\nYou May Like\n\nEagle (-2)\nBirdie (-1)\nBogey (+1)\nDouble Bogey (+2)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6517966389656067}
+{"content": "money and use it to engage in ethical initiatives because that is using other people's investment capital to satisfy the manager's own personal sense of morality. Yahoo argued successfully\n\nthat providing access bible imperative essay example without court order would have violated the Stored Communications Act (SCA. Put to death, therefore, whatever belongs to your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires and greed, which is idolatry. However, the information in the Bible should not be so easily discarded.\n\nA thesis that they Bible imperative essay example\n\nNew York 26 from m Miller, with archeology, when entering the camp and being examined by an SS officer that is also a doctor. He believed in what he called the apos. S\"8 Pages Document Type, mcBrideapos, the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, retrieved April. John Stewart Mill, a Journal of Feminist Geography, mcGraw Hill. Retrieved February 20, she tells the doctor write a letter to bank manager for closing account that there has been a mistake. A person is ethically required to try to bring about the consequences that would lead to the greatest amount of happiness for everyone affected.\n\nMay 10, 2014 Categorical, imperative Essays (Examples ).973 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay, paper 28430834.The, bible also calls for the application of human free will to morality, as does Kant.\n\nThe Aristotelian Ethics, general acceptance, a Study of The Relationship between the bible Eudemian and Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle. Ethical, take a look at these examples. And theological consistency, michael, work cited, john Stuart Mill outlined the core tenets of utilitarianism. Humes argues that is hard to imagine that an allgood. Whereas to treat someone as an end in themselves makes them the final and most important consideration. To treat someone as a means to an end is to make them less important than some end result.\n\nIt applies unconditionally to the imperative to engage in action such as leaving something alone or taking something.Instead, he argues that actions are right in proportion, as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.The process of perfecting our own natural state in the Kantian view implies that we are actually in the process of attempting to cultivate \"the crude dispositions of our nature, by which the animal is first raised into the human being\" (Kant 1996b).In order.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8178362846374512}
+{"content": "Edith Endicott\n\n\nEdith has black hair, blue eyes, tanned skin with a smattering of freckles across her nose. Height 5’6\", athletic build. She takes no particular care with her appearance, and dresses in men’s field gear most of the time. She can count on one hand the number of times she has deigned to wear a skirt, and on one finger the time she was forced to wear formal attire.\n\n\nEdith Endicott is the 29-year-old unmarried daughter and research assistant of Lord Percival Endicott, the second son of the Duke of Eastwick and a founding member of the Explorer’s Club. On a trip to the American West, Percival fell in love with a young frontierswoman named Gweneth and then scandalized his family by marrying her instead of his betrothed. Gweneth accompanied Percival on his subsequent adventures, undeterred by neither the apparent hardships of camp life nor by raising a child once Edith was born.\n\nBoth Edith’s parents were devoted to her, providing for her education directly themselves. This led to her gaining an eclectic knowledge base for a young woman. By the time Edith was 10, she had traveled to 5 different continents and had manifested virtuosity with languages. By lesson or by dare, she learned how to ride a variety of animals well enough to stay mounted under most circumstances. She demonstrated a keen eye for details, combined with patience, and learned to be an excellent tracker and guide. She shared her father’s passion for exploration, and like her mother was a dead shot with either firearm or bow. An Egyptian porter taught her how to fight with a knife, while an Irish bodyguard of her father’s taught her how to box. She learned how to navigate and pilot a plane after a world war flying ace joined their Sub Saharan Africa expedition.\n\nOnce her father’s health forced him to retire to a life of writing and teaching in Massachusetts, Edith continued to explore, sending specimens home for study. She knows that her work is presented under her father’s name, but thus far she cares not, as long as she is still free to run her expeditions as she wishes.\n\nEdith is painfully oblivious to most rules of etiquette by the standards of British high society, which has caused many instances of mirth or anger in the past, depending on the situation.\n\nEdith Endicott\n\nChampions of Pulp katefan", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6371651887893677}
+{"content": "Friday, May 23, 2014\n\nBalance While Building\n\nWeek of 5/12/14\nCatie Stone & Charlene Hughes\n\n            We were building on a board that was elevated last week. This week I had them use an even thinner building platform, a yard stick. This created more of a challenge for the children to build on because the platform was so thin. It was elevated between two wooden blocks, but was adjustable and removable.\n            At first, the children would build on the yard stick and see how tall they build until the tower fell down. Connor would keep building higher and higher and testing the point in which his tower would fall. He was able to stack 8 blocks high on the yard stick. Braden seemed to be interested in stacking blocks that were the same. It appeared that he had this theory that different shaped blocks would stack different or balance different. He first used cylinder blocks and stacked three until they fell. Then used rectangle blocks and lastly, square blocks. Casey discovered that he could remove the yardstick from the blocks and placed one side of the yardstick on top of the wooden block with the other end still connected. This created a ramp. He then picked up a block and placed it on the yardstick. The block began to slide down.\n            I am curious as to how the children would balance their building while on a slanted surface. Will their structures still be building upwards or will they explore new ways to build to prevent it from falling?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8148565888404846}
+{"content": "Rotation And Revolution Of The Earth Pdf 24\n\nRotation And Revolution Of The Earth Pdf 24\n\nDownload | Watch\n\nRotation And Revolution Of The Earth Pdf 24\n\nOne full spin happens in 24 hours and is the reason why . Describe the rotation and revolution of the Earth ; . Effects of the Earth's Rotation & Revolution .\n\nThe Reasons for the Seasons . the center of the Earth to the South Pole. It takes Earth 24 hours to rotate . how the Earths tilt and revolution around .\n\nRotational Kinematics, Physics Worksheet 1: Practice working with rotation and revolution . the earth spins CCW once in 24 hours .\n\nEarth's Movements, Revolution and Rotation. . Earth's rotation is completed in about 24 hours this is called the daily motion of the earth.\n\nThird Grade Earth Science! . Earth, and Moon Rotation/Revolution . Ask students how long it takes for the Earth to rotate/spin around24 hours.\n\ncd dvd clone software free 13\nmanhattan advanced gmat quant pdf free 122\nwarhammer vampire counts army book 8th edition 15\nfl studio 7 xxl producer edition free 25\nveer 2010 full movie free 217\ncbt nuggets itil v3 training 23\nsocio technical system approach merits and demerits pdf 23\nelectronic principles by albert malvino free ebook 11\nccie routing and switching v5.0 official cert guide volume 2 pdf 24\ndiscover china student book 1 free 21\n\nYorum Yaz\nArkadaşların Burada !\nArkadaşların Burada !", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.997683584690094}
+{"content": "Ideas & Debates\n\n\nUniversal Basic Income: A Capitalist Solution to the Evils of Capitalism?\n\nSupporters of universal basic income (UBI) either entertain illusions in a palliative “from above” to the miseries of capitalism, or look for an impossible shortcut for organizing the working class.\n\nAugust 07, 2018\n\nimage credits: Estrategia & Negocios\n\nUniversal basic income (UBI), a guaranteed, no-strings-attached basic income for the entire population, is presented as a progressive solution to the “end of work.” But those who propose the UBI do one of two things. They either entertain illusions in a palliative “from above” for the miseries of the capitalist system, or they look for an impossible shortcut to the organizational challenges faced by the working class, the only social force that can overcome these miseries. In either case, any sense of realism is sadly lacking.\n\nThe “end of work” narrative\n\nA widely held belief suggests that most jobs today are threatened by the so-called “fourth industrial revolution,” which promises to extend robotics throughout production. Unlike previous waves of innovation, according to this line of thought, the fourth revolution will result in fewer replacement jobs. Yet in reality the number of workers exploited by capital around the world has grown as never before.\n\nAs Paula Bach points out, talk of the end of work is permeated with a fetishism of robotics. But in the conditions of today’s capitalism’s secular stagnation, the use of robotics does not produce sufficiently high rates of capital accumulation to warrant a real threat to most people’s jobs. More generally, the idea that capitalism can impose generalized robotization clashes with capital’s need to ever increasingly exploit the only source that sustains its profits—labor power.\n\nWhile this supposed end of work has escaped serious analysis, the idea has gained strength that a UBI could secure an income for those who can no longer expect gainful employment. It is not a new idea. But what gives it a new sense of urgency and more adherents is that, as Paul Mason suggests, it could solve the problem of “the disappearance of work itself”.\n\nUBI proponents also assume that growing job insecurity and precarity, faced by a large proportion of the world’s labor force, are irreversible. It is true that accessing formal employment, participating in the social security system, and so on, are unattainable for an increasing proportion of the working class. In Argentina, over half of those with a job suffer some form of job insecurity (jobs that are unregistered, based on self-employment, changas [temporary jobs] etc.), which has increased among young people and especially women. In some areas, underemployment, self-employment and changas coexist with the overworking of those with formal and informal employment. In Argentina today, a third of the economically active population works more than 45 hours a week. People are working more and earning less than they did decades ago. The length of today’s workday is as long, or even longer, than it was 80 years ago, and in the United States, Germany and France it is being lengthened further. Contrary to what John Maynard Keynes imagined when he considered the economic possibilities of his grandchildren’s generation, we are not even a fraction closer to 15-hour workweek than we were in the 1930s—even though labor productivity has multiplied threefold. But as Leo Panitch points out, such generalized job insecurity, seen as inescapable by those who propose a UBI, has much more to do with capital’s advance against working-class gains than it does with supposedly irreversible changes in capitalism’s material processes.\n\nThirty years ago, the most left-wing proponents of the UBI, Robert J. van der Veen and Philippe Van Parijs, considered it “A Capitalist Road to Communism.”(1) But what proponents such as these see as UBI’s “progressive” side is in fact a fatal error: taking for granted the premise of the end of work and sidestepping this problem by fighting not for socialism but for a UBI instead. To accept this idea is to accept that the working class has already lost half the battle.\n\nMoney for Nothing\n\nMoney here and now, because there is no time to wait for great social transformations—that is the slogan of UBI proponents. They want to give every person a sufficient income to acquire the essentials, whether or not they have a job, whether or not they want to work, with no strings attached. Such a decoupling of the income of citizens from the obligation to work seems to some to be the only viable alternative, in a world where the system of production discards growing numbers of the working class by the side of the road. A basic level of economic and social rights would be universally guaranteed—without the need to expropriate the means of production or storm the Winter Palace. Since the state already outlays quite considerable sums, which in some cases are comprehensive and unconditional, like the child allowance in Argentina (received by both employed and unemployed), what major roadblocks could stand in the way of taking one more step, however great, down the same path?\n\nUBI proponents’ certainty that it is within reach is reinforced by the growing number of experiments by public agencies and NGOs to test the effects of implementing a basic income. This has occurred even though there is a great abyss separating “progressive” proposals, meant to ensure a “dignified” income, and state practices that aim only to manage poverty without eliminating it.\n\nIt is no surprise, then, that Rutger Bregman called his book about the proposal for a UBI Utopia for Realists(2). This book systematizes the experiences from different times and places and also reviews the arguments for and against the UBI.\n\nOne of the main objectives of Bregman’s book is to demystify the criticism that handing out money for nothing stimulates vagrancy. The author presents the conclusions of a pilot scheme implemented in 2009 in London by the Broadway Cares organization, which delivered 3,000 pounds to 13 homeless people. According to this study, in each case the aid “empowered” the beneficiaries. Utopia also presents the results of a study by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the performance of the Give Directly NGO, which collects money from donations and delivers it to beneficiaries in poor countries with no strings attached. This study shows a lasting increase in income (on average 38% higher than before the transfer) and an increase in assets and property, including homes (up 58%), as well as a 42% reduction in the number of days that children go hungry.\n\nOther examples abound. According to Bregman, there are different programs based on cash transfers that reach 110 million families in 45 countries (“from Brazil to India, from Mexico to South Africa”), the overwhelming majority of which have been implemented in the last 20 years. Among these we can add the extension of the child allowance to those without formal employment in Argentina.\n\nFocusing on the poorest sectors of society is of course not the same as implementing a UBI sufficient to lift everyone over the poverty line, regardless of their employment status, income and wealth. Bregman does refer to such an experiment that occurred from 1974 to 1978 in the Canadian town of Dauphin and its 13,000 inhabitants. This program secured a basic income for the entire population and ensured that no one fell below the poverty line. Thirty percent of the population (one family in four) received monthly payments that in today’s currency amounted to $19,000 a year. With the arrival of a fiscally zealous government, the program was canceled without any investigation of the results. The analysis conducted by a researcher 30 years later, based on the program’s impacts on health statistics compared with similar populations that did not receive this benefit, shows that it was a success.\n\nThere are currently trials that have been advertised as first steps toward a UBI in Canada, Holland, Scotland, Kenya and India. This proposal is even included in the program of the alliance between the Italian Movimento 5 Stelle (M5S—Five Star Movement) and the xenophobic Lega Nord (LN—Northern League), part of a program that also calls for large company tax reductions. In their current stage, these proposals focus on the poor and the unemployed, just like many of the experiments that Bregman refers to. They also continue to run into similar difficulties over time to survive. Finland announced a few months ago that its two-year program, which saw 2,000 unemployed people between 25 and 28 years old receive 560 euros a month tax-free, would end December 31. The reason for this lies quite simply in the fiscal austerity brought on by a declining economy, and it has nothing to do with the program’s results, which, according to those behind it, can be assessed only after six years. The payment amount was also less than half of the 1,200 euros needed to avoid poverty in Finland. This fact shows that the proposals discussed by different nation-states are a long way from the social security paradise of free time without poverty that some leftists like to imagine.\n\nThis basic income thus aims to be nothing more than a palliative measure. In Argentina, we have seen this with the universal child allowance. Payments such as this alleviate the situation of the poorest sectors, but they still allow for the unequal distribution of income between capitalists and workers, which in Argentina has been slowly rising since the mid-1970s. It just allows this unequal income distribution to continue but with a bit less tension.(3) Such a basic income that comes “from above” as a public social security policy will hardly be universal. It will be focused only on low-income segments and will not even be basic, but set at levels below the poverty line. This is the only way that a basic income can be compatible with the continued exploitation of labor in the conditions that declining contemporary capitalism needs, especially in backward and dependent countries like Argentina, but also in the richest imperialist economies.\n\nBasic income is a long way from being a progressive reform that ensures an income for all citizens. Public policies, caught between the demand for fiscal austerity and the need to contain discontent and make capitalism’s continued social degradation somehow bearable, point only to a managed poverty, poverty that is held at bay through incomes to ensure that people survive conditions of misery.\nAs Michel Husson states, “Progressive partisans of an income of 1,000 euros per month may well serve as ‘useful idiots’ for the establishment of a universal income of 400 euros, for a final settlement that also advantageously reduces the operating costs of the welfare state.”(4)\n\nUBI or the Redistribution of Work Hours?\n\nTens years after the Great Recession, some have proclaimed that the world has turned a corner, even if the turbulence of more recent times discredits such claims. The capitalist class is making a new attack on working-class conditions, which it must do to increase accumulation. A key part of this are the labor and pension (counter) reforms being imposed around the world (from France to Brazil and Argentina). But UBI also has its part to play.\n\nThe proposal for a UBI shifts debate from the terrain of class conflict to that of the public policy and the citizenry, and this could be of great service to the capitalist class as it continues its attack on working-class conditions. After all, a dispute about the primary distribution of income always entails the danger that the exploited will question who controls social production and begin to organize. But if the debate is shifted to UBI, it becomes a question of secondary distribution, of income management, social security expenses and how citizens take part in all this.\n\nSome on the Left defend UBI because it will supposedly “empower” the working class in its confrontation with capital. The logic is that an income that can cover the basic cost of living would give the labor force greater bargaining power over capital, since workers would have a credible “exit” strategy. This position is defended by, for example, David Calnitsky in the North American magazine Catalyst (“Debating Basic Income,” no. 3).\n\nIt is an argument plagued with inconsistencies. All the efforts of capital in recent decades have aimed at producing job insecurity, fragmentation and labor flexibility. So is it really worth waiting for the government and the social security system to come up with a UBI proposal? Doing so would not be utopian but insane. This system has among its fundamental conditions of operation the permanent existence of a reserve army of labor—that is, a portion of the workforce that is unemployed and available not only to work during times of expansion but also to act as a battering ram that limits the aspirations of the rest of the working class. This reserve army allows capital’s market mechanisms to operate with respect to salaries in a way that is favorable to it, limiting salary growth in boom times and easing capital’s decline in times of crisis.\n\nOf course, the argument of those who propose a basic “dignified” income is not that it will come from state generosity, but that it must be achieved through struggle. But as Alex Gourevitch and Lucas Stanczyk from the United States argue in Catalyst (“The Illusion of Basic Income,” No. 4),\n“There is consequently no prospect of the hoped for policy coming to pass until there is a working-class constituency that is organized and powerful enough to be able to extract it, in spite of the predictable resistance of superbly organized capital.” Accepting the “end of work” and fighting for remuneration outside of employment does not bode well for a working class that aspires to become such a social force. If anything, it contributes to facilitating the new attacks of the ruling class. The “progressive” proponents of UBI are thus caught in a vicious circle.\n\nUBI is not the shortcut to the policy of independent working-class organization that its progressive proponents imagine. Against these illusions, there is only one response to either neoliberal austerity or miserable handouts: the struggle to reduce the workweek to six hours a day, five days a week, and the redistribution of working hours among all those available to work.\n\nAround the world, the workload for those who have a job is increasing, while unemployment and underemployment grow alongside it. Data from the United States show that, even though labor productivity has tripled from 1957 to today, the eight-hour day remains unchanged and businesses have found multiple ways to impose even more hours. In the last decades, the time dedicated to work has increased. The same goes for Europe, and even more so for many dependent countries that have joined the networks of transnational production. Far from being “natural,” this is determined by capital’s need to improve its appropriation of surplus value at the expense of labor power. What must be proposed, then, is a reduction of the workday by distributing the hours of work among all those who can work, without any loss in salary, thus guaranteeing all employed people an income based on the cost of living. This proposal aims to question the naturalness of the industrial reserve army. The conditions have been created for everyone to work fewer hours. But while capital is in power, this means that some must continue working as many hours as they did decades ago—or even more—while a growing part of the population is transformed into a “relative surplus population.” Thus, what must be brought into question is the private monopoly over the means of production.\n\nThe IG Metall strike in Germany for the reduction of the working day earlier this year, in which hundreds of thousands of workers took part, showed that this is an idea that can penetrate deeply into important sectors of the working class (even if in this case the fight was called off by the union bureaucracy after it imposed the acceptance of a salary cut, and more hours of work for others, in exchange for a shorter working day).\n\nWhat is standing in the way of sharing work hours among all those who want to work, which would decrease work hours? Why should there be exhausting workdays on the one hand, and unemployment and underemployment (with or without a UBI) on the other? Why can’t we use technological advances to reduce the workday for the whole working class? Why do the workers who produce all the social wealth have to settle for fighting for a bit extra from the capitalist state while eight billionaires have the same wealth as 3.5 billion people?\n\nIf capitalism has created the possibilities of reducing the time necessary to ensure that socially necessary goods are produced, this can be carried out only by questioning the mechanisms of exploitation that sustain this mode of production. The only “realistic” thing to do is to fight to abolish the capitalist system. We must open the way to an organization of production that is no longer based on private profit but on serving the social needs of all.\n\nTranslation: Sean Robertson\n\nThis article was first published at Ideas de Izquierda (IdZ - Ideas of the Left) on July 1, 2018.\n\n\n(1) “A Capitalist Road to Communism,” Theory and Society 15 (5), 1986. This was written before the fall of the Berlin Wall. Today, most of its proponents do not think of it as a way out of capitalism, but as a remedy to make capitalism, which is seen as inevitable, a bit more bearable. The most “audacious” suggest that it is part of a combination that will lead towards a “postcapitalism,” although they don’t make clear just what this “post” world will look like.\n\n(2) Utopía para realistas. A favor de la renta básica universal, la semana laboral de 15 horas y un mundo sin fronteras (Utopia for realists. In favor of universal basic income, the 15-hour work week and a world without borders) (Barcelona: Salamandra, 2017).\n\n(3) See Esteban Mercatante, La economía argentina en su laberinto: Lo que dejan doce años de kirchnerismo (The Argentine economy in its labyrinth: What twelve years of Kirchnerism has left behind) (Buenos Aires, IPS Editions, 2015), chap. 5.\n\n(4) “Le monde merveilleux du revenu universel” (“The wonderful world of universal income”), Révolution Permanente (Permanent Revolution), March 1, 2017.\n\n\nUniversal Basic Income   /    Capitalism   /    Socialism   /    Workers   /    Labor   /    Ideas & Debates", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9277952909469604}
+{"content": "A Stravinsky Harmonization\n\nOn Stravinsky's birthday in 1946 George Balanchine brought Stravinsky a bottle of Grand Marnier with a musical greeting, a 32 note melody in whole notes. Stravinsky suggested that Balanchine harmonize it, but Balanchine deferred that he was not a composer, so Stravinsky, sitting in a chaise lounge by his pool, did so himself, on the spot. What's intriguing about this little piece, apart from its circumstances, is that it reveals a great deal about Stravinsky's conception of diatonic harmony. Of the 32 verticals, 17 of them are, purely from a pitch class set  viewpoint, disregarding registration,different. That's a much higher percentage than a typical Bach chorale and Aus meines Herzens Grunde in particular. In the first example,Balanchine/ Stravinsky Chorale,  each different PCS is assigned a number, with transpositions indicated with a T following a number. What's more, the tonic triad is heard only once, and there are only three triads in the entire piece. The most used PCS is 0,1,3,6 which occurs four times and remarkably is the only vertical repeated in exactly the same registration. In this regard, 31 of the verticals are unique.10 of the verticals are 3 note PCSs, 21 are 4 note PCSs and 1 is a dyad. The ratio of triads to four note verticals bears no relation to Bach.  But this kind of tabulation doesn't account for the individuality of the piece. I began to ask myself if there was some experiment that could be applied to it that might yield another kind of insight in Stravinsky's choices.  The result is the what I called the Balanchine/Stravinsky Chorale Reversed. This is what I did;\n\n1) made a sequential table of each harmonization of the same note.  For example, the note E above Middle C, occurs 5 times. The E an octave higher occurs only once.\n\n2) reversed the position of the harmonization of every reoccurence of a melodic tone. Thus , for example,the first vertical in Stravinsky's piece now exchanges its position with the last appearance of E above Middle C, the first vertical of the third sytem. Since the high E occurs only once, it retains its position in both chorales. This happens with the highest note in the melody as well, the fourth vertical of the fourth system. Serendipitously it also occurs with the most common vertical (9), which retains its position in system two. The experiment also produces two 4 note canons.\n\nFrom my point of view, the \"reversed\" harmonization does not sabotage the harmony, as it certainly does in the Reversed Aus meinem Herzes Grunde in which the same process is applied to Bach's chorale. I draw these conclusions from this;\n\n1) Stravinsky's harmony, being so much less reliant on both step motion in the voice leading, as well as on the supremacy of the triad, is much more flexible in sequence than Bach's harmony.\n\n2) The divorce of vertical emphasis from linear context results in the isolation of the vertical's uniqueness, rather than the emphasis of its membership in a community of likeness.\n\n3) The flexibility of sequence in Stravinsky's harmonization is another manifestation of the key idea of all his music and the technical link between the three \"periods\" of his work.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8773672580718994}
+{"content": "Dead End Town is the 5th overall episode of Tegami Bachi\n\n\nLag and Niche arrive in the town of Kyrie, where it is the place that crosses over to Yuusari, and also a dead end town where few travelers visit. They meet a girl named Nelli Pepper, who gets interested in them and offers to take them to the town's only inn. However, after checking in, Lag realizes that Nelli has made off with his bag, intending to use his crossing pass to go to Yuusari.\n\nSoon, she attacks Lag and tells him that the reason for stealing his pass is to send a letter to a Letter Bee named Jiggy Pepper, whom she hates for abandoning her and her brother Nello Pepper, who died in his absence. After alerting the townspeople's attention, they attack Nelli and take the pass for themselves. Niche arrives in the nick of time and defeat the townspeople, but Nelli recovers and snatches the pass, running all the way to the bridge to Yuusari, while Lag and Niche go after her. A mysterious man named Largo Lloyd becomes interested in Lag and Niche.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9046024084091187}
+{"content": "The City Circle is an open circle for open minds\n\nA new report on what it means to be a Muslim in Britain says that a secular British state allows Islam to be practised freely in an atmosphere of respect, security and dignity.\n\nThe report exploring the philosophical and theological perspectives of the issue is titled 'Contextualising Islam in Britain: Exploratory Perspectives', and is the outcome of a nine-month project hosted by the University of Cambridge. A total of 26 Muslim scholars, academics and activists representing a diverse spectrum of views from Muslim communities in the UK took part in discussions about what it means to live as a Muslim in modern Britain.\n\nThe report covers a wide range of issues including secularism, democracy, Sharia, human rights and citizenship.\n\nThe group agreed that Muslims should assert and teach what they see to be the truth of their faith, but also recognise the existence of different religions and the right of others to do the same.\n\nThe study urges Muslims to identify shared values between Islam and other world views, pointing out the Holy Qu'ran's emphasis on qualities such as good neighbourliness, charity, hospitality and non-aggression.\n\nThe report also redefines a number of terms which the authors believe have been misinterpreted. It notes, for example, that both Muslims and non-Muslims often have \"skewed understanding of the term Sharia, which conjures up images of floggings and beheadings.\"\n\n\"The process has already succeeded in bringing together Muslims from a wide range of backgrounds who, in spite of those different backgrounds, have been prepared to work together. What we want to do now is stimulate further dialogue with a wider group of Muslim leaders and communities,\" said Suleiman.\n\nMinister for Communities Shahid Malik said: \"This is a ground-breaking report from a wide cross-section of British Muslim scholars, academics and community leaders. I hope that this report by Cambridge will inspire wider debate from communities across the country on the values that we all share\".\n\nHe added: \"Following the terrorist attacks in New York and London, many Muslim leaders expressed concern that their religion was being misrepresented and misinterpreted. The silent majority of Muslims have since fought hard to restate their religion as they see it and this report is an important contribution to that.\"\n\nThis article first appeared on Zee News on 27th October 2009.\n\n\n\nIt showed that 20% of Muslims lived in the Middle East and North Africa.\n\nThe data also showed that there were more Muslims in Germany than in Lebanon, and more in Russia than in Jordan and Libya together.\n\n\nResearchers analysed approximately 1,500 sources including census reports, demographic studies and general population surveys.\n\nSenior researcher Brian Grim told CNN that the overall figure was a surprise and said: \"Overall, the number is higher than I expected.\"\n\nThe report, published on Wednesday, also found that Ethiopia has nearly as many Muslims as Afghanistan.\n\n\n* Asia and the Pacific: 61.9%\n* Middle East - North Africa: 20.1%\n* Sub-Saharan Africa: 15.3%\n* Europe: 2.4%\n* Americas: 0.3%\n\nAmaney Jamal, an assistant professor of politics at Princeton University, told the AP news agency: \"This whole idea that Muslims are Arabs and Arabs are Muslims is really just obliterated by this report.\"\n\nInstead the report found that more than 300 million Muslims live in countries where Islam was not the majority religion.\n\n\nMost Shias live in Iran, Pakistan, India and Iraq.\n\nEurope is home to 38 million Muslims - around 5% of its population with European Muslims making up slightly more than 2% of the world's Muslim population.\n\nMore than half of the 4.6 million Muslims in the Americas live in the US - however they make up just 0.8% of the population there.\n\nThe Pew Forum has said the findings will lay the foundation for a forthcoming study that will look at how Muslim populations worldwide have grown and what they may look like in the future.\n\nIt also plans to compile figures for the other major world religions.\n\nAccording to internet-based group, Adherents, there are currently 2.1 billion Christians, 900 million Hindus and 14 million Jews worldwide.\n\nThis article first appeared on BBC News online on 10th October 2009.\n\nhe municipalists of Lancashire could have done themselves a favour by describing the official they sought to employ as a community relations officer, or something featuring the term \"cohesion\". But every specialty has its buzzwords and so they advertised last month for someone to lead a \"mythbusting project\" to promote harmony and counter slurs about migrants. Soon they were taking fire. Mayday, Mayday.\n\n\"Anger at £30,000 plan for race 'myth-buster',\" said the Daily Express. \"Pointless non-jobs,\" said Richard Littlejohn. Another harrumph from the Taxpayers' Alliance. And predictably, across the internet, ridicule and outrage.\n\nBut spend some time in Lancaster or Morecambe and the idea hardly seems outrageous. You quickly find out that it isn't a council initiative. It involves many agencies, including the police and the fire service. The county council, Tory-led, mind, is providing admin but isn't paying. There's a grant from a government pot, funded by the cost of visas.\n\nYes, mythbuster is a funny job description, but what do you do when faced with a leaflet saying that Muslims in the region are responsible for all the drugs? Or that English workers are unemployed/homeless/under-educated/unhappy because of the Poles? When BNP extremists become MEPs and win a seat on Lancashire county council? The air needs clearing. Someone has to do it.\n\nLiz Neat of the National Coalition Building Institute shows me around the west end of Morecambe with Magda, a tireless liaison worker. Magda is employed by the fire service but, with a smile for everyone, she's a bridge between officialdom and Poles in the area.\n\nThings are happening in the west end, new shops, community facilities being built. There's tension between the settled and the recently arrived, but there are also attempts help them interact. Cultural events are good; anything involving food especially so. It's the social glue. Volunteers work in a drop-in centre, newsletters are crafted. People are trying to build.\n\nBut it's difficult, especially when perceptions are set, prejudices fed, and the air is rendered toxic. If a mythbuster helps Lancashire breath more easily, what's £30,000? It's a snip.\n\nThis article first appeared in the Guardian on 9th October 2009.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6402494311332703}
+{"content": "Mixing and Mixtures in Geo- and Biophysical Flows: A Focus on Mathematical Theory and Numerical Methods\n\nOn circular flows: linear stability and damping\n\nChristian Zillinger\n\nUniversity of Bonn\n\n\nIn this talk I discuss linear stability and damping with optimal decay rates around 2D Taylor-Couette flow and similar circular flows. Following recent work by Wei, Zhang, Zhao, I establish stability in weighted norms, which allow for an asymptotic singularity formation at the boundary. Additionally, I provide a description of the boundary layer solely in terms of the underlying flow and the Dirichlet data of the initial perturbation.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9940604567527771}
+{"content": "Overview participating exhibitions\n\nDe Faun | CLOSED\n\nDe Faun | CLOSED\n\nRobin Alysha Clemens\n\n\nOWNED BY NO ONE tells the story of a subculture that wants to protect its identity in a dystopian, late-digital era. In a world in which information is a commodity and society thrives on the destruction of privacy, identity and the ego, the members attempt to rediscover their identity in anonymity. They lead their lives under the radar, life in safe houses and only appear in public as anonymously as possible. They remove their fingerprints and wear reflective masks and special contact lenses so they can’t be detected by retinal scans. OWNED BY NO ONE shares the criticism on the digital surveillance state, but at the same time asks questions: how free can you be if you constantly have to hide yourself to maintain your privacy?\n\n\nRobin Alysha Clemens (Netherlands, 1992) gained het Bachelor’s degree in Photography at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague in 2016. Since 2011, she has been working as a freelance photographer and filmmaker on her own projects and for (commercial) clients, including the music venue Tivoli in Utrecht, VICE Media Benelux, AkzoNobel and various music magazines.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.949564516544342}
+{"content": "Split note\n\n\n\nDoing a brain dump of ideas etc for a new project, and in the first iteration I just need to get everything down, so all in one note makes sense.\n\nBut the next step is to organise all my stuff and at that stage it becomes apparent that I need to use several notes to group the material.\n\nI know I could use copy paste, but a split note command would be much handier.\n\nCan we expect that at some point?\n\n\nNot sure. We have certainly discussed it. The problem is it doesn’t offer that much more than just copy and paste, and is much less flexible. Eg. with copy-and-paste I can move different parts of a note into a new note.\n\nHaven’t ruled it out, but needs more discussion if we are going to make the menus even longer.\n\n\nI do understand you want to avoid menu clutter, but I think splitting a note would be much more convenient that copy and paste in some scenarios - especially if there was a keyboard command, perhaps even a markdown type command like ===== splitting a note and putting the first line of the text below into the title field of the new note.\n\nI see it being particularly useful when one is arranging a lot of information that one has captured quickly, eg notes of a meeting or a braindump, where you don’t want to waste time or to lose focus, by worrying about making sense of what you are writing, you just want to get it down.\n\nIn those circumstances I end up with a long note and then then copy and paste within the note and add headings to structure it. The very last job would be to hitting ==== to split the note would be fast and intuitive. At that point creating new notes and copying pasting feels like a lot of unnecessary work.\n\nBut I may be doing special pleading for a rare use case!\n\nLook forward to seeing how Agenda evolves. Agenda is an essential part of my workflow and apart from some things already in the ‘features we are working on’ list, it’s prety much ideal! (Apart from splitting notes :wink:)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7138285040855408}
+{"content": "Google Cloud Platform\n\nSkylake processors now available in seven regions\n\nEarlier this year, Intel Xeon server processor (codenamed Skylake) became generally available on Google Compute Engine, providing you with the most powerful and technically advanced processors in the cloud. Paired with Compute Engine, Skylake benefits from finer-grained controls over your VMs, the ability to select your host CPU platform for any of our predefined and custom machine types, and new machine types that extend to 96 vCPUs and 1.4TB of memory per instance.\n\nAnd now, we offer Skylake in our South Carolina, Mumbai and Singapore regions, joining Iowa, Oregon, Belgium and Taiwan, and bringing the total number of GCP regions with Skylake to seven globally. We’re also lowering the cost of Skylake VMs by 6-10 percent, depending on your specific machine configuration. With this price drop, we’re making it easier for you to choose the best platform for your applications. Just select the number of cores and amount of RAM you need and get all the computational power that Skylake on Compute Engine makes possible.\n\nAlready, what you’ve done with this additional computational power has been amazing! In the last six months, thousands of Compute Engine customers have used Skylake to run their applications faster, to achieve better performance, and to utilize new instruction sets like AVX512 to optimize their applications. Here’s what a few customers have to say about taking advantage of Compute Engine’s Skylake processors.\n\nAlpha Vertex develops cognitive systems that provide advanced analytical capabilities to the financial community. Using compute engine 64-core machine types with Skylake for their ML systems allowed them to cut on training times for machine learning models.\n\nUsing Google Cloud Platform, our Machine Learning (ML) training times have improved by 15 percent. We were able to build a Kubernetes cluster of 150 64-core Skylake processors in 15 minutes. — Michael Bishop, CTO, Alpha Vertex Inc\n\nMilk VFX runs thousands of preemptible cores using one of the larger machine types (n1-highcpu-96) to create innovative and complex sequences for high-end television and feature films. At this scale, better performance means decreasing the runtime by days. With 96 vCPUs instances and preemptible machines, they were able to reduce the number of nodes they needed, and decrease their costs.\n\nBy using Skylake with larger core machines we've been able to process more data faster, enabling our artists to be more productive, creative and cost effective. With preemptible machines we've cut the cost even more, so much so that we're already seeing savings made in such a short timeframe. More importantly, for the past 12 weeks since we started rendering all 3D on the GCP, we have met our deadlines without any late nights or weekend work and everyone is really happy. — Dave Goodbourn, Head of Systems, Milk Visual Effects\n\nQuantConnect breaks down barriers to algorithmic trading by providing market data and a cluster computer so any engineer can quickly design an algorithmic trading system. They're constantly seeking the latest infrastructure innovations on Compute Engine.\n\nOur work at QuantConnect is constantly pushing the boundaries of cloud computing. When we learned of the addition of Skylake processors to the Google compute platform, we quickly joined as one of the early beta testers and converted infrastructure to harness it. The Skylake vCPUs improved our web-compiler speeds by 10 to 15 percent, making a measurable improvement to our user coding experience and increasing user satisfaction overall. — Jared Broad, Founder, QuantConnect\n\nWe're committed to making all our infrastructure innovations accessible to all Compute Engine customers. To start using Skylake processors in Compute Engine today, sign up for a new GCP account and get $300 in free trial credits to use on Skylake-powered VMs.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8640495538711548}
+{"content": "Bobbili, Vizianagaram: Leader of Opposition in Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly and YSRCP President YS Jagan Mohan Reddy is on his mass contact initiative, Praja Sankalpa Yatra in Bobbili constituency of Vizianagaram district.\n\nThe people’s leader’s Padayatra has received overwhelming response from the masses every step of the way. Men, women, the elderly and the disabled, among other sections of society have been interacting with YS Jagan and have been narrating their day to day problems to him. The YSRCP chief has been lending a patient ear to everyone and has been assuring them of justice under Rajanna Rajyam.\n\nYS Jagan will begin the Padayatra on Day 288, on Wednesday, and during the course of the day move through Bhimavaram, J Rangarayapuram, Rangarayapuram, Appayyapeta and Bobbili, where he will halt for the day after addressing a public meet, according to an official party press release.\n\nAlso Read: Chandrababu Amassed Huge Illegal Fortune: YSRCP MLA", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9276532530784607}
+{"content": "A few days back someone sent me a message with an issue on all the old posts on Laravel News. It wasn’t a huge bug but to fix it I had to resync all the posts from the WordPress install and as I was running through them I noticed that all the updated_at dates were then out of sync. Technically they are correct since I updated each post, but I wanted to keep the original date.\n\nLaravel provides the ability to set this on demand and I could just include it in my command and have it ignore updating each timestamp. Here is a quick example:\n\n$post->content = $data->content;\n$post->timestamps = false; // Dont change the timestamps on save.\n\nOf course, if you don’t want timestamps at all you can disable it on the Model level through the public $timestamps = false; property.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.942572832107544}
+{"content": "By Chris Grouchy\n\nThe Story of Three Bricklayers\n\nWhy you should develop a mindset of self-importance\n\nIn some way, you are producing work that matters.\n\nReminding yourself of that seems superficial.\n\nIn fact, I did not recognize the importance of deliberately viewing my work as important until very recently.\n\nBut let’s clear something up.\n\nIn this case, by using the term ‘work’ I am referring to the things you accomplish and set out to accomplish during your daily productive hours, not just infrequent milestones that you would normally brag about (such as job promotions, product launches, and other highly visible and once-off events).\n\nWhy should someone view their daily work as being important?\n\nA simple story sparked my belief in this esoteric concept that will be sure to differentiate you.\n\nMy adaptation of the story begins with three bricklayers.\n\nThey worked together as part of a construction team for a new housing sub-division.\n\nA newspaper reporter was profiling the job responsibilities of local community members and asked each of the three bricklayers, “What do you do for a living?”\n\nThe first bricklayer responded by stating, “Why I lay brick for a living!”\n\nThe second bricklayer then chimed in by claiming, “I make $18 an hour for a living!”\n\nUnimpressed with the previous responses, the local reporter turned to the final bricklayer.\n\n\nThe reporter, anticipating another fruitless answer, received an unexpected and brilliant response.\n\nThe third bricklayer smiled proudly and began to clear his throat.\n\nWith enormous pride, the third bricklayer responded by saying, “I am building the world’s greatest and safest home for future generations of families who will go on to raise incredible children… That’s what I’m building.”\n\nThink about that response for a moment.\n\nThe third bricklayer said this because he genuinely believed in the importance of his craft.\n\nWhile we don’t know what exactly happened to each bricklayer, it is not difficult to imagine the third bricklayer being more successful than the previous two. At the very least, I would be willing to bet that he continued to refine his trade.\n\nAnd even if the house he was building would not actually be the greatest house, he has stated a personal mission.\n\nI call the characteristic that the third bricklayer demonstrated the mindset of self-importance (or self-worth), a critical attribute to creating something of value for the world.\n\nIt sounds selfish to think of oneself as being important. I know. I am not recommending you lose your sense of humility and modesty either.\n\nI am recommending that you use this mindset of self-importance as a daily affirmation. Why is your daily work important?\n\nSay it to yourself or write it down daily. Then, realize the benefits in your own life. This is the power of affirmations.\n\nWriting it down daily will quiet the inner voice of imposter syndrome. But there are three additional reasons for why someone would want to adopt a mindset of self-importance.\n\nColor rendition of “Lunch atop a Skyscraper” (1932). Simply awesome.\n\nThree Reasons Why You Should Adopt a Mindset of Self-Importance\n\n  1. If you understand the importance of your work, you will continuously search for ways to improve the inputs and processes of your work.\n\nWant to be more effective? Continuous improvement nets an increase in the quality of your output.\n\nYou will do this unconsciously because the stakes are too high to remain stagnant. Important work means that there is a high opportunity cost for not getting it done.\n\n2. Intense belief in the work you do puts matters directly within your control.\n\nPut simply, people who view their work as being trivial disregard the necessity of pride as a key ingredient in the recipe of quality.\n\nThese types of people don’t think their destiny is within their control, and so they revert to the default version of themselves. They see the world as something out to get them, not as something they can control.\n\nThose who seem to always come out on top believe that it was within their reach from the beginning.\n\nThought experiment: Have you ever met anyone who you admire that did not take pride in their craft? Try to name one person.\n\n\n3. The attitudes of others are often reflections of how we view ourselves.\n\nLet’s think back to the three bricklayer story.\n\nThere’s a good chance that the reporter also believed that the third bricklayer was more impressive than his counterparts.\n\nMaybe you can fake this, but the true results will come from internal conviction. Indeed, this is a self-reinforcing tool that you can implement.\n\nWhen others believe in you, you will increase your internal conviction.\n\nThe paradox is that in order for others to believe in you, you must first demonstrate your value.\n\nThe objective of adopting the mindset of self-importance is not to intentionally feed your ego.\n\nThe objective is to enable you to combat that inner voice pulling you back from reaching your potential.\n\nAchieving this objective will enable you to do better work, every day.\n\nBe like the third brick layer. Believe in the significance of what you do every day with a mindset of self-importance.\n\nHow will you adopt the mindset of self-importance in your daily work in 2016?\n\nI would love to hear your thoughts on Twitter. Check out my blog (www.chrisgrouchy.com) for more content.\n\nIf you enjoyed this story, I’d appreciate recommending and sharing it with a friend who needs that self-talk in their life.\n\n*I credit my discovery of the original ‘three bricklayers’ story and the inspiration for this post to the book The Magic of Thinking Big by Dr. David Schwartz.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9463376998901367}
+{"content": "Seeing in Color\n\n\"My own experience of daily life turned on - like going from black and white TV to color - and it felt awesome.\"\n\n- Larisa Benson\n\n\nLarisa had read all the leadership books, and was working very hard to be a very good leader. She would go home at the end of each work day to a vibrant family life, giving all she could. Finding herself exhausted and not yet recognizing the signs of cortisol overload, she knew she needed to practice self-care but was still at the bottom of her own list each day.\n\nJust before she cracked from the pressure of being awesome for everyone else, she was drawn into the Mysterial Woman community. She received the combined presence of the women in the global online communty and Suzanne's guidance through the Mysterial code. These keys unlocked her from the traps she'd been in. Still with the same amount of success in life, her experience of it all shifted immensely.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8119717836380005}
+{"content": "What's New: Science Worksheets and Study Guides\n\nAmerican Symbols & HolidaysThanksgiving Day\nMatter Kindergarten Science\nMe and My Family Kindergarten Science\nLiving and Nonliving Kindergarten Science\nAll About Me Kindergarten Science\nAll About Plants Kindergarten Science\nPushing, Moving, Pulling Kindergarten Science\n\nPennsylvania Standards for Seventh Grade Science\n\nPA.3. Science and Technology and Engineering Education\n\n3.1. Biological Sciences\n\n3.1.A. Organisms and Cells\n3.1.7.A2. Describes how organisms obtain and use energy throughout their lives.\n3.1.7.A3. Explain why the life cycles of different organisms have varied lengths.\n3.1.7.A4. Explain how cells arise from pre-existing cells.\n3.1.7.A5. Explain how the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living things.\n3.1.7.A6. Identify the levels of organization from cell to organism.\n3.1.7.A7. Compare life processes (e.g. growth, digestion) at the organism level with life processes at the cellular level.\n3.1.7.A8. (MODELS) Apply the appropriate models to show interactions among organisms in an environment.\n3.1.B. Genetics\n3.1.7 B5. (PATTERNS) Compare and contrast observable patterns in the physical characteristics across families, strains and species.\n3.1.7.B1a. Explain how genetic instructions influence inherited traits.\n3.1.7.B1b. Identify Mendelian patterns of inheritance.\n3.1.7.B2. Compare sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction.\n3.1.7.B4. Describe how selective breeding and biotechnology can alter the genetic composition of organisms.\n3.1.C. Evolution\n3.1.7.C1. Describe how natural selection is an underlying factor in a population's ability to adapt to changes.\n3.1.7.C2b. Explain that mutations can alter a gene and are the original source of new variations in a population.\n\n3.2. Physical Sciences: Chemistry and Physics\n\n3.2.A. Chemistry\n3.2.7.A1a. Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures.\n3.2.7.A1b. Identify groups of elements that have similar properties.\n3.2.7.A2. Identify atoms as the basic building blocks of matter and that elements are composed of one type of atom.\n3.2.7.A3. Explain how energy transfer can affect the chemical and physical properties of matter.\n3.2.7.A4. Describe how reactants change into products in simple chemical reactions.\n3.2.B. Physics\n3.2.7.B1a. Describe how unbalanced forces acting on an object change its velocity.\n3.2.7.B1b. Analyze how observations of displacement, velocity, and acceleration provide necessary and sufficient evidence for the existence of forces.\n3.2.7.B2. Describe how energy can be changed from one form to another (transformed) as it moves through a system or transferred from one system to another system.\n3.2.7.B3a. Differentiate among convection, conduction, and radiation.\n3.2.7.B3b. Explain why heat energy consists of the random motion and vibrations of the particles of matter.\n3.2.7.B4a. Explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons.\n3.2.7.B4b. Explain and demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets produce electric current.\n3.2.7.B5a. Demonstrate that visible light is a mixture of many different colors.\n3.2.7.B5b. Explain the construct of the electromagnetic spectrum.\n3.2.7.B5c. Describe how sound and light energy are transmitted by waves.\n3.2.7.B6b. (ENERGY) Demonstrate how the transfer of heat energy causes temperature changes.\n\n3.3. Earth and Space Sciences\n\n3.3.A. Earth Structure, Processes and Cycles\n3.3.7.A1a. Define basic features of the rock cycle.\n3.3.7.A1b. Describe the layers of the earth.\n3.3.7.A1c. Differentiate among the mechanisms by which heat is transferred through the Earth's system.\n3.3.7.A2. Explain land use in relation to soil type and topography.\n3.3.7.A3a. Explain and give examples of how physical evidence, such as fossils and surface features of glaciation support theories that the Earth has evolved over geologic time.\n3.3.7.A3b. Compare geologic processes over time.\n3.3.7.A4a. Differentiate among Earth's water systems.\n3.3.7.A4b. Describe the motions of tides and identify their causes.\n3.3.7.A5a. Describe basic elements of meteorology.\n3.3.7.A5b. Explain the relationship between the energy provided by the sun and the temperature differences among water, land and atmosphere.\n3.3.7.A6a. (MODELS/SCALES) Locate significant geologic structures using various mapping representations.\n3.3.7.A6b. (CONSTANCY/CHANGE) Describe changes in atmospheric conditions associated with various weather patterns.\n3.3.B. Origin and Evolution of the Universe\n3.3.7.B1a. Explain how gravity is the major force in the formation of the planets, stars, and the solar system.\n3.3.7.B1c. Compare and contrast properties and conditions of objects in the solar system to those on Earth.\n3.3.7.B2a. (SCALE AND MEASUREMENT) Identify a variety of instruments used to gather evidence about the universe.\n3.3.7.B2c. (SCALE) Relate planetary size and distance in our solar system using an appropriate scale model.\n\n3.4. Technology and Engineering Education\n\n3.4.A. The Scope of Technology\n3.4.7.A1. Explain how technology is closely linked to creativity, which has resulted in innovation and invention.\n3.4.7.A2. Explain how different technologies involve different sets of processes.\n3.4.B. Technology and Society\n3.4.7.B2. Explain how decisions to develop and use technologies may be influenced by environmental and economic concerns.\n3.4.7.B3. Describe how invention and innovation lead to changes in society and the creation of new needs and wants.\n3.4.7.B4. Explain how many inventions and innovations have evolved by using deliberate and methodical processes of tests and refinements.\n3.4.D. Abilities for a Technological World\n3.4.7.D1. Identify and collect information about everyday problems that can be solved by technology and generate ideas and requirements for solving a problem.\n3.4.7.D2. Select and safely use appropriate tools, products and systems for specific tasks.\n3.4.7.D3. Use data collected to analyze and interpret trends in order to identify the positive or negative effects of a technology.\n3.4.E. The Designed World\n3.4.7.E1. Investigate recent advancements in medical technologies and their impact on quality of life.\n3.4.7.E4. Illustrate how information can be acquired and sent through a variety of technological sources, including print and electronic media.\n\nPA.4. Environment and Ecology\n\n4.1. Ecology\n\n4.1.7.A. Describe the relationships between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem.\n4.1.7.A.1. Compare and contrast different biomes and their characteristics.\n4.1.7.A.2. Describe symbiotic and predator/prey relationships.\n4.1.7.C. Explain the flow of energy within an ecosystem.\n4.1.7.C.1. Compare and contrast the flow of energy between organisms in different habitats.\n4.1.7.C.2. Explain the concept of trophic levels.\n4.1.7.D. Explain how biological diversity relates to the viability of ecosystems.\n4.1.7.D.3. Explain how an adaptation is an inherited, structure, function, or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce.\n\n4.3. Natural Resources\n\n4.3.7.A. Explain how products are derived from natural resources.\n4.3.7.A.2. Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable resources.\n\n4.5. Humans and the Environment\n\n4.5.7.A. Describe how the development of civilization affects the use of natural resources.\n4.5.7.A.1. Compare and contrast how people use natural resources in sustainable and nonsustainable ways throughout the world.\n4.5.7.C. Explain how human actions affect the health of the environment.\n4.5.7.C.1. Identify residential and industrial sources of pollution and their effects on environmental health.\n4.5.7.D. Describe the wastes derived from using resources, how the waste is managed, and the potential impact on the environment.\n4.5.7.E. Describe how length and degree of exposure to pollutants may affect human health.\n4.5.7.E.1. Identify diseases/conditions that have been associated with exposure to pollutants.\n\nPA.SI. Science as Inquiry\n\nSI.3. Design and conduct a scientific investigation and understand that current scientific knowledge guides scientific investigations.\n\nSI.4. Describe relationships using inference and prediction.\n\nSI.5. Use appropriate tools and technologies to gather, analyze, and interpret data and understand that it enhances accuracy and allows scientists to analyze and quantify results of investigations.\n\nSI.6. Develop descriptions, explanations, and models using evidence and understand that these emphasize evidence, have logically consistent arguments, and are based on scientific principles, models, and theories.\n\nSI.7. Analyze alternative explanations and understanding that science advances through legitimate skepticism.\n\nSI.8. Use mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry.\n\nSI.9. Understand that scientific investigations may result in new ideas for study, new methods, or procedures for an investigation or new technologies to improve data collection.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999469518661499}
+{"content": "Imperial Identities in the Roman World\n\n1st Edition\n\nWouter Vanacker, Arjan Zuiderhoek\n\nPublished December 14, 2016\nReference - 232 Pages - 12 Color & 12 B/W Illustrations\nISBN 9781472440815 - CAT# Y254447\n\nwas $160.00\n\n\nSAVE ~$32.00\n\nAdd to Wish List\nFREE Standard Shipping!\n\n\nIn recent years, the debate on Romanisation has often been framed in terms of identity. Discussions have concentrated on how the expansion of empire impacted on the constructed or self-ascribed sense of belonging of its inhabitants, and just how the interaction between local identities and Roman ideology and practices may have led to a multicultural empire has been a central research focus. This volume challenges this perspective by drawing attention to the processes of identity formation that contributed to an imperial identity, a sense of belonging to the political, social, cultural and religious structures of the Empire. Instead of concentrating on politics and imperial administration, the volume studies the manifold ways in which people were ritually engaged in producing, consuming, organising, believing and worshipping that fitted the (changing) realities of empire. It focuses on how individuals and groups tried to do things 'the right way', i.e., the Greco-Roman imperial way. Given the deep cultural entrenchment of ritualistic practices, an imperial identity firmly grounded in such practices might well have been instrumental, not just to the long-lasting stability of the Roman imperial order, but also to the persistence of its ideals well into (Christian) Late Antiquity and post-Roman times.\n\nShare this Title", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9547507166862488}
+{"content": "A4 mk2/ hearing lfo modulations even with depth set to 0\n\n\n\ni noticed that on my a4 mk2 i can still hear the lfo modulations even when i set the depth to 0. technically i shouldnt be able to hear lfo parameter changes when both depth params of an lfo are set to 0, right?\n\nOr is this supposed to happen? i guess and hope not.\n\nsome settings that could cause this?\n\nthanks, johannes\n\n\nDid you check the settings for velocity and aftertouch?\n\n\n0 is only zero if you do Fn +turn to lock it - otherwise you’re possibly in the extra 7bits zone between 0 and 1 or 0 and -1 - no idea what the graphics are like on MK2 but MK1 has a little indicator to show that 0 is 0\n\n\nThanks guys,\n\n@Nagualizer you mean the velocity mod and modulation setup when click func + osc1 on the a4mk2? how should this parameters setting look like in order to work?\nI tried it but to no avail…,\n\n@avantronica good to know. For some parameters this works. But for parameters that modulates pitch or freq or that control two things at the same time it makes no difference. Hence, there are still slight modulations going on for this parameters on my machine:\n\noscx : pitchmod\nFilt: f1+f2 freq\nOsc1: pitch mod\nOsc1: freq mod\n\nI wonder why this happens. Is this due to crosstalk?\n\nCould someone with an a4 mk2 please check if this Is this reproducable?\n\n\nI’ve seen this too (AK) and I think it’s a bug. I’ve had it happen from a cleared patch, and the only way around it I’ve found is power-cycling, (or setting the LFO destination to something I’m not using).\n\n\nI ran into this last night when trying to understand FM on the A4 mkII - I was setting LFO depths back to zero but still hearing modulation from them.\nJust been looking at it again. What @avantronica says is right, looks like there’s zero and then there’s true zero, which is indicated by (0)\nFn +turn isn’t working for me to get the depth back to (0). I can sometimes get it back by holding the encoder down to make fine adjustments, but it’s not easy - anyone know if there is a shortcut on the mkII (or should Fn +turn work)?\n\n\nyou could note the assignments then clear the lfo page (LFO+Clear), this will zero depth, then re-assign -bit of a faff, but easy to snap to zero on MK1 - surprised MK2 is not doing this tbh\n\n\nPlease File a bug with Support\n\n\nOK, I submitted a ticket.\n\nFor now I’ve found it easiest to route the LFO destination to ‘meta: none’\n\n\ndefinitely a good thing that you post this to the support! hope they will solve that …\nplease let us know what they reply.\n\nregarding your “meta: none” solutions:\nthis will only work for static parameter settings where one of the 2 destinations of a lfo is not needed.\nbut lets say you want to do fm with dynamically decreasing modindex. you could use an env or lfo2 to modulate the depth of lfo1( from lets say + 63 down to 0). here the depth (modulation index) will never make the the whole transition down to 0. at least thats what i experienced.\n\n\nAlso check your envelope destinations - they could be targeting the LFOs\n\n\nI managed to reproduce this.\nAnd I believe the same problem occurs with envelopes.\n\nBtw there is no negative value for depth.\nUsed to be, no ?\n\n\nI reported similar on my AK (on this forum). Only which which cleared it, was a reboot.\n\n\nyou mean when env modulating lfo depth it wouldn’t really come down to zero as well?\nthanks, j\n\n\nNope, I believe that even when env depth is set to zero there’s a little something left…\n\n\n…and in my case, a reboot cleared whatever it was, after a lot of tweaking various parameters to isolate it.\n\n\nah i see and i can confirm this for both envs on my a4 mk2.\n\ntried this by using a short and fast sequence with a lot of notes. in the env section i turned the env depth knob while holding fn to set it to zero. than while playing the sequence i changed the destination of the env and i noticed some subtle changes in sound mostly noticeable as detuning in pitch.\n\n\nthanks for referring to the ak thread.\nfor me the problem is 100% reproducable and occurs also in fresh projects, so i think there is no need to reboot…\nbeside that it should be “clean” anyway, no matter if its a new project or a already edited project. in my eyes, (env or lfo) depth is the wrong place to cut corners.\n\n\ndid what I suggest work though - i.e. is there any difference in the display when the exact zero is found - there is on MK1 and if done without Fn it requires a very very delicate touch\n\nis it actually at its nominal 0.0 or does it just look like it is ?\n\nps iirc the negative symbol is not shown (UI space) so left of 0 is negative\n\n\nthanks for that @avantronica! no it seems that on the a4 mk2 pressing func + dialling the depth encoder dont set the parameter to true zero.\nwhen i clear the lfo settings than depth shows up a “(0)”. the func + dial enc method only shows 0 and introduces slight modulations.\nbut as you said, with a lot of “finetuning” i was able to set lfo depth to 0 (without braces ) and find a spot where modulations where no longer noticable. so 0 seems to be bigger range than i thought.\n\n@Elektron is there a shortcut to set depth true 0 on the a4 mk2?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6785944700241089}
+{"content": "At face value, Bare Escentuals (NASDAQ:BARE) had a good quarter. Sales increased 29%, to $124.1 million, and operating earnings grew nearly 16% to $39.4 million. But when I looked deeper, I uncovered a disconcerting trend.\n\nThe company's margins have been falling.\n\nThis is the result of an increased reliance on the wholesale segment. The company operates two segments -- retail, which sells to end users through company-owned boutiques and infomercials, and wholesale, which sells to resellers through home shopping television, specialty beauty retailers, spas and salons, and international distributors. For the latest quarter, sales in the infomercial channel accounted for 25.4% of total sales, a sharp decline from the 33% a year ago. The first quarter also saw a decreased reliance on infomercials, as women tend to like to see and test products before they buy.\n\nBare Escentuals also faces a host of competition, particularly from celebrity-backed products. For instance, at QVC, a part of the Liberty Media (NYSE:L) empire, it is the best-selling beauty brand. But QVC also sells Bobbi Brown and Laura Geller.\n\nFor the quarter, gross margins were 69.7%, 230 basis points lower, and operating margins fell 370 basis points, to 31.7%. Management expects the infomercial business to weaken further, with a 10% decline forecast for the second half of the year. This would likely pressure margins further. There has been no solution or alternatives given to raise margins.\n\nManagement reaffirmed its $0.89-$0.94 earnings forecast for the year. The weaker-than-expected performance from infomercials could cause earnings revisions down the road. Its multichannel approach has worked in the past, with sales growing at an annual rate of 57% through the end of 2006. But with the stock trading at a P/E of 31, the expectations are lofty. This doesn't leave a lot of room for error should one of its key areas falter.\n\nFool contributor Larry Rothman is happy to receive feedback, and promises to read it when not being wrestled by his three children. Feel free to email him. He doesn't have any positions in the companies mentioned.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9039437770843506}
+{"content": "When the Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) processes a tax return, they produce a document detailing the results known as a Notice of Assessment. If you modify your filings, or if the CRA makes changes on their own, they will then issue a Notice of Reassessment explaining what changes were made, and why.\n\nBut what happens if you do not file tax returns? Many taxpayers believe that not filing is the safest route to take if they do not have the money to cover the amount of taxes owing. However, this creates a large issue because the CRA will charge you penalties for not filing your returns, and then interest on the penalties. See here for the possible removal of penalties and interest.\n\nThe CRA can even take it one step further by issuing Arbitrary Assessments or Notional Assessments.\n\n\nWhat are Arbitrary / Notional Assessments?\n\nIf you do not file your taxes, the CRA can, and will create tax returns for you, and they will process those returns. The CRA will estimate your income based on any number of factors. Your return may be based off of slips received by CRA, or off of previous returns filed. A central feature of Arbitrary Assessments is that the numbers are usually much higher than your actual income. This means that Arbitrary Assessments often create huge tax liabilities for taxpayers, over and above what they would actually owe if they completed and filed their own taxes.\n\nOnce these made up tax returns are processed by CRA, taxpayers receive Arbitrary or Notional Assessments indicating a balance owing. If taxpayers receive Arbitrary Assessments, the CRA will begin collections actions. CRA will not wait for taxpayers to file proper tax returns, and will want to collect on the balance owing from these Arbitrary Assessments.\n\n\nWhat Can Taxpayers Do?\n\nIf you receive an Arbitrary Assessment, you have a number of options open to you. You may object to the assessment, but this will not halt collections actions in some instances. Taxpayers may choose to file proper tax returns, but should be aware this may lead to an audit. Finally, taxpayers may choose to simply pay the Arbitrary Assessment and move on with their lives.\n\n\nIf you have not filed your taxes, or have received an Arbitrary Assessment, time is of the essence. Give Rosen Kirshen Tax Law a call today to see what we can do for you!\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8483906984329224}
+{"content": "New Cosmological Theory Goes Inflation-Free\n\nThe Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation is one of the greatest discoveries of modern cosmology. Astrophysicist George Smoot once likened its existence to “seeing the face of God.” In recent years, however, scientists have begun to question some of the attributes of the CMB. Peculiar patterns have emerged in the images taken by satellites such as WMAP and Planck – and they aren’t going away. Now, in a paper published in the December 1 issue of The Astronomical Journal, one scientist argues that the existence of these patterns may not only imply new physics, but also a revolution in our understanding of the entire Universe.\n\nLet’s recap. Thanks to a blistering ambient temperature, the early Universe was blanketed in a haze for its first 380,000 years of life. During this time, photons relentlessly bombarded the protons and electrons created in the Big Bang, preventing them from combining to form stable atoms. All of this scattering also caused the photons’ energy to manifest as a diffuse glow. The CMB that cosmologists see today is the relic of this glow, now stretched to longer, microwave wavelengths due to the expansion of the Universe.\n\nAs any fan of the WMAP and Planck images will tell you, the hallmarks of the CMB are the so-called anisotropies, small regions of overdensity and underdensity that give the picture its characteristic mottled appearance. These hot and cold spots are thought to be the result of tiny quantum fluctuations born at the beginning of the Universe and magnified exponentially during inflation.\n\nTemperature and polarization around hot and cold spots (Credit: NASA / WMAP Science Team)\n\nGiven the type of inflation that cosmologists believe occurred in the very early Universe, the distribution of these anisotropies in the CMB should be random, on the order of a Gaussian field. But both WMAP and Planck have confirmed the existence of certain oddities in the fog: a large “cold spot,” strange alignments in polarity known as quadrupoles and octupoles, and, of course, Stephen Hawking’s initials.\n\nIn his new paper, Fulvio Melia of the University of Arizona argues that these types of patterns (Dr. Hawking’s signature notwithstanding) reveal a problem with the standard inflationary picture, or so-called ΛCDM cosmology. According to his calculations, inflation should have left a much more random assortment of anisotropies than the one that scientists see in the WMAP and Planck data. In fact, the probability of these particular anomalies lining up the way they do in the CMB images is only about 0.005% for a ΛCDM Universe.\n\nMelia posits that the anomalous patterns in the CMB can be better explained by a new type of cosmology in which no inflation occurred. He calls this model the R(h)=ct Universe, where c is the speed of light, t is the age of the cosmos, and R(h) is the Hubble radius – the distance beyond which light will never reach Earth. (This equation makes intuitive sense: Light, traveling at light speed (c) for 13.7 billion years (t), should travel an equivalent number of light-years. In fact, current estimates of the Hubble radius put its value at about 13.4 billion light-years, which is remarkably close to the more tightly constrained value of the Universe’s age.)\n\nR(h)=ct holds true for both the standard cosmological scenario and Melia’s model, with one crucial difference: in ΛCDM cosmology, this equation only works for the current age of the Universe. That is, at any time in the distant past or future, the Universe would have obeyed a different law. Scientists explain this odd coincidence by positing that the Universe first underwent inflation, then decelerated, and finally accelerated again to its present rate.\n\nMelia hopes that his model, a Universe that requires no inflation, will provide an alternative explanation that does not rely on such fine-tuning. He calculates that, in a R(h)=ct Universe, the probability of seeing the types of strange patterns that have been observed in the CMB by WMAP and Planck is 7–10%, compared with a figure 1000 times lower for the standard model.\n\nSo, could this new way of looking at the cosmos be a death knell for ΛCDM? Probably not. Melia himself cites a few less earth-shattering explanations for the anomalous signals in the CMB, including foreground noise, statistical biases, and instrumental errors. Incidentally, the Planck satellite is scheduled to release its latest image of the CMB this week at a conference in Italy. If these new results show the same patterns of polarity that previous observations did, cosmologists will have to look into each possible explanation, including Melia’s theory, more intensively.\n\nWhen Did the First Stars Form?\n\nShortly after the Big Bang, the Universe had cooled to the point that the first stars could form out of the primordial hydrogen. How long did it take, and what did these first stars like?\n\nHydrogen soup. Doesn’t that sound delicious? Perhaps not for humans, but certainly for the first stars!\n\nEarly in the Universe, in a spectacular show of stellar soupification, clouds of hydrogen atoms gathered together. They combined with one another. The collected mass got bigger and bigger, and after a time, ignition. The first stars were alive!\n\nWell, alive in the sense that they were burning – not that they had feelings or knew what was going on, or had opinions, or were beginning to write would what would eventually become the first Onion article or anything.\n\nBut where did all that gas come from, and can we spot the evidence of those long-ago stars today? As you know, the Big Bang got our Universe off to a speedy start of expansion. It then took 400,000 years for us to see any light at all. Protons and electrons and other small particles were floating around, but it was far too hot for them to interact.\n\nOnce the power of the Big Bang finally faded, those protons and electrons paired up and created hydrogen. This is called, rather uninventively, “recombination”. I’d rather just call it hydrogen soup. We’ve got energy. But what is the secret ingredient that sparked these stars? It was just that soup clumping together over time.\n\nA map of the faint microwave radiation left over after the big bang shows superclusters (red circles) and supervoids (blue circles). Credit: B. Granett, M. Neyrinck, I. Szapudi\n\nWe can’t say to the minute when the first stars formed, but we have a pretty good idea. The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, aka WMAP examined what happened when these clouds of hydrogen molecules got together, creating tiny temperature differences of only a millionth of a degree.\n\nOver time, gravity began to yank matter from spots of lower density into the higher-density regions, making the clumps even bigger. Fantastically bigger. So big that about 200 million years after the clumps were formed, it was possible for these hydrogen molecules to ram into each other at very high speeds.\n\nThis process is called nuclear fusion. On Earth, it’s a way to produce energy. Same goes for a star. With enough nuclear reactions happening, the cloud of gas compresses and creates a glow. And these stars weren’t tiny – they were monsters! NASA says the first stars were 30 to 300 times as massive as the sun, shining millions of times brighter.\n\n\nBut this flashy behavior came at a price, because in only a few million years, the stars grew unstable and exploded into supernovae. These stars weren’t only exploding. They were also altering the soup around them. They were big emitters of ultraviolet light. It’s a very energetic wavelength, best known for causing skin cancer.\n\nSo, this UV light struck the hydrogen surrounding the stars. This split the atoms apart into electrons and protons again, leaving quite the mess in space. But it’s through this process that we can learn more about these earliest stars.The stars are long gone, but like a criminal fleeing the scene, they left a pile of evidence behind for their existence. Splitting these atoms was their evidence. This re-ionization is one key piece of understanding how these stars came to be.\n\nSo it was an action-packed time for the universe, with the Big Bang, then the emergence of soup and then the first stars. It’s quite an exciting start for our galactic history.\n\nWhat do you think the first stars looked like?\n\n\nHow Old is the Universe?\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAstronomy Without A Telescope – One Crowded Nanosecond\n\n\nRemember how you could once pick up a book about the first three minutes after the Big Bang and be amazed by the level of detail that observation and theory could provide regarding those early moments of the universe. These days the focus is more on what happened between 1×10-36 and 1×10-32 of the first second as we try to marry theory with more detailed observations of the cosmic microwave background.\n\nAbout 380,000 years after the Big Bang, the early universe became cool and diffuse enough for light to move unimpeded, which it proceeded to do – carrying with it information about the ‘surface of last scattering’. Before this time photons were being continually absorbed and re-emitted (i.e. scattered) by the hot dense plasma of the earlier universe – and never really got going anywhere as light rays.\n\nBut quite suddenly, the universe got a lot less crowded when it cooled enough for electrons to combine with nuclei to form the first atoms. So this first burst of light, as the universe became suddenly transparent to radiation, contained photons emitted in that fairly singular moment – since the circumstances to enable such a universal burst of energy only happened once.\n\nWith the expansion of the universe over a further 13.6 and a bit billion years, lots of these photons probably crashed into something long ago, but enough are still left over to fill the sky with a signature energy burst that might have once been powerful gamma rays but has now been stretched right out into microwave. Nonetheless, it still contains that same ‘surface of last scattering’ information.\n\nObservations tell us that, at a certain level, the cosmic microwave background is remarkably isotropic. This led to the cosmic inflation theory, where we think there was a very early exponential expansion of the microscopic universe at around 1×10-36 of the first second – which explains why everything appears so evenly spread out.\n\nHowever, a close look at the cosmic microwave background (CMB) does show a tiny bit of lumpiness – or anisotropy – as demonstrated in data collected by the aptly-named Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP).\n\nReally, the most remarkable thing about the CMB is its large scale isotropy and finding some fine grain anisotropies is perhaps not that surprising. However, it is data and it gives theorists something from which to build mathematical models about the contents of the early universe.\n\nThe apparent quadrupole moment anomalies in the cosmic microwave background might result from irregularities in the early universe - including density fluctuations, dynamic movement (vorticity) or even gravity waves. However, a degree of uncertainty and 'noise' from foreground light sources is apparent in the data, making firm conclusions difficult to draw. Credit: University of Chicago.\n\nSome theorists speak of CMB quadrupole moment anomalies. The quadrupole idea is essentially an expression of energy density distribution within a spherical volume – which might scatter light up-down or back-forward (or variations from those four ‘polar’ directions). A degree of variable deflection from the surface of last scattering then hints at anisotropies in the spherical volume that represents the early universe.\n\nFor example, say it was filled with mini black holes (MBHs)? Scardigli et al (see below) mathematically investigated three scenarios, where just prior to cosmic inflation at 1×10-36 seconds: 1) the tiny primeval universe was filled with a collection of MBHs; 2) the same MBHs immediately evaporated, creating multiple point sources of Hawking radiation; or 3) there were no MBHs, in accordance with conventional theory.\n\nWhen they ran the math, scenario 1 best fits with WMAP observations of anomalous quadrupole anisotropies. So, hey – why not? A tiny proto-universe filled with mini black holes. It’s another option to test when some higher resolution CMB data comes in from Planck or other future missions to come. And in the meantime, it’s material for an astronomy writer desperate for a story.\n\nFurther reading: Scardigli, F., Gruber,C. and Chen (2010) Black hole remnants in the early universe.\n\nCosmological Constant\n\n\n\nUntil 1998.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSeven-Year WMAP Results: No, They’re NOT Anomalies\n\n\n\nIn a word, no.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUniverse to WMAP: ΛCDM Rules, OK?\n\nThe Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) science team has finished analyzing seven full years’ of data from the little probe that could, and once again it seems we can sum up the universe in six parameters and a model.\n\nUsing the seven-year WMAP data, together with recent results on the large-scale distribution of galaxies, and an updated estimate of the Hubble constant, the present-day age of the universe is 13.75 (plus-or-minus 0.11) billion years, dark energy comprises 72.8% (+/- 1.5%) of the universe’s mass-energy, baryons 4.56% (+/- 0.16%), non-baryonic matter (CDM) 22.7% (+/- 1.4%), and the redshift of reionization is 10.4 (+/- 1.2).\n\nIn addition, the team report several new cosmological constraints – primordial abundance of helium (this rules out various alternative, ‘cold big bang’ models), and an estimate of a parameter which describes a feature of density fluctuations in the very early universe sufficiently precisely to rule out a whole class of inflation models (the Harrison-Zel’dovich-Peebles spectrum), to take just two – as well as tighter limits on many others (number of neutrino species, mass of the neutrino, parity violations, axion dark matter, …).\n\nThe best eye-candy from the team’s six papers are the stacked temperature and polarization maps for hot and cold spots; if these spots are due to sound waves in matter frozen in when radiation (photons) and baryons parted company – the cosmic microwave background (CMB) encodes all the details of this separation – then there should be nicely circular rings, of rather exact sizes, around the spots. Further, the polarization directions should switch from radial to tangential, from the center out (for cold spots; vice versa for hot spots).\n\nAnd that’s just what the team found!\n\nConcerning Dark Energy. Since the Five-Year WMAP results were published, several independent studies with direct relevance to cosmology have been published. The WMAP team took those from observations of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the distribution of galaxies; of Cepheids, supernovae, and a water maser in local galaxies; of time-delay in a lensed quasar system; and of high redshift supernovae, and combined them to reduce the nooks and crannies in parameter space in which non-cosmological constant varieties of dark energy could be hiding. At least some alternative kinds of dark energy may still be possible, but for now Λ, the cosmological constant, rules.\n\nConcerning Inflation. Very, very, very early in the life of the universe – so the theory of cosmic inflation goes – there was a period of dramatic expansion, and the tiny quantum fluctuations before inflation became the giant cosmic structures we see today. “Inflation predicts that the statistical distribution of primordial fluctuations is nearly a Gaussian distribution with random phases. Measuring deviations from a Gaussian distribution,” the team reports, “is a powerful test of inflation, as how precisely the distribution is (non-) Gaussian depends on the detailed physics of inflation.” While the limits on non-Gaussianity (as it is called), from analysis of the WMAP data, only weakly constrain various models of inflation, they do leave almost nowhere for cosmological models without inflation to hide.\n\nConcerning ‘cosmic shadows’ (the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect). While many researchers have looked for cosmic shadows in WMAP data before – perhaps the best known to the general public is the 2006 Lieu, Mittaz, and Zhang paper (the SZ effect: hot electrons in the plasma which pervades rich clusters of galaxies interact with CMB photons, via inverse Compton scattering) – the WMAP team’s recent analysis is their first to investigate this effect. They detect the SZ effect directly in the nearest rich cluster (Coma; Virgo is behind the Milky Way foreground), and also statistically by correlation with the location of some 700 relatively nearby rich clusters. While the WMAP team’s finding is consistent with data from x-ray observations, it is inconsistent with theoretical models. Back to the drawing board for astrophysicists studying galaxy clusters.\n\n\nI’ll wrap up by quoting Komatsu et al. “The standard ΛCDM cosmological model continues to be an exquisite fit to the existing data.”\n\n\nWhat! No Parallel Universe? Cosmic Cold Spot Just Data Artifact\n\n\n\n\nWell, it turns out, it wasn’t there.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nZhang and Huterer’s paper.\n\nHuterer and Smith’s paper (2008)\n\nRudnick’s paper 2007\n\nOriginal paper “finding” the cold spot\n\nSources: Technology Review Blog, Science", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.959787130355835}
+{"content": "Bayt 'Affa\nDistrict: Gaza\nPopulation 1948: 810\nOccupation date: 15/10/1948\nMilitary operation: Yoav\nOccupying unit: Giva'ati\nJewish settlements on village\\town land before 1948: None\n\nBefore 1948\n\nThe village stood on a small hill in a slightly elevated area adjacent to the coastal plain. Secondary roads linked it to two highways, one to the north and the other to the south, that led to al-Majdal on the coastal highway, Bayt 'Affa was the residence of the Sufi master al-Faluji—who migrated to Palestine from Iraq in the fourteenth century—before he moved to what was to become al-Faluja. In 1596, Bayt ‘Affa was a village in the nahiya of Gaza (liwa’of Gaza) with a population of 143. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, and fruit, as well as on other types of produce and property, such as goats, beehives, and vineyards.\n\nIn the late nineteenth century, Bayt ‘Affa was a moderate-sized village built of adobe brick. The people of Bayt 'Affa were Muslims and maintained a shrine for a man whom they believed to be the Muslim prophet Salih. According to the Qur’an, Salih preached to the peoples of northwestern Arabia in ancient times. There was another major shrine for Salih in the city of al-Ramla. The village relied on al-Faluja, a large village to the southeast, for commercial and educational services. Its inhabitants worked primarily in rainfed agriculture, cultivating grain and grapes. In 1944/45 a total of 5,657 dunums was allotted to cereals; 14 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards. Some villagers also bred animals, pasturing them on the rangeland between Bayt 'Affa and Kawkaba, to the southwest. Bayt 'Affa was built on the site of an ancient settlement. Archaeologists have noted a shrine and architectural fragments to the east, in Wadi al-Rana. A khirba lay on its land and contained the remains of walls made of uncut stone, a well, and columns.\n\nOccupation and Depopulation\n\nAccording to a report in the Palestinian newspaper Filastin, a unit of Zionist militiamen penetrated into the outskirts of the village at midnight on 27 January 1948 and tried to mine some of the outlying houses. But the raiders were detected by village guards, who clashed with them for two hours, forcing them to withdraw to the settlement of Negba.\n\nThere are divergent accounts of the occupation of Bayt ‘Affa; the village seems to have changed hands at least twice during the course of the war. Israeli historian Benny Morris writes that it was occupied on 14-15 July 1948, during the period known as the Ten Days between the two truces of the war. According to Morris, it was overrun by units of the Giv’ati Brigade in the second phase of an offensive which extended the brigade’s area of control southwards to the approaches to the Negev. This agrees with a New York Times report that stated it was occupied on 15 July. \n\nHowever, the History of the War of Independence states that the village was already in Israeli hands on 9 July, as the first truce ended. Held by a platoon of the Giv’ati Brigade’s Second Battalion, it was captured by the Egyptian army on that date after applying “pressure which lasted the whole morning.” The Haganah account states that Giv’ati’s Fourth Battalion tried and failed to reoccupy the village a week later on 17-18 July, although it had the assistance of a naval landing party. The account adds that “the Egyptians were aware of the vital importance of the village, so they fortified it well.” However, Egyptian writer Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mun’im states that the Israeli occupation took place two days later, during the night of 10-11 July, when the village was taken from Palestinian militiamen assigned to defend it. ‘Abd al-Mun’im adds that regular Egyptian forces recaptured it the following morning (11 July). A report carried by the New York Times confirms this last account, stating that Bayt ‘Affa was first seized by the Israelis on 9 July, along with ‘Iraq Suwaydan and ‘Ibdis, and that it was lost the following day to Arab forces. After that battle, the Israelis claimed to have killed 300 Egyptians and Sudanese soldiers and to have captured 200 others.\n\nDespite the slight discrepancy in the dates, the latter version, which states that the village was seized and lost by the Israelis during the Ten Days between the two truces, seems more reliable. Bayt 'Affa was probably recaptured by Israeli forces for the last time in the second half of October, during Operation Yo’av. But the villagers are likely to have been displaced at the time of the first occupation.\n\nIsraeli Settlements on Village Lands\n\nThe settlement of Yad Natan was established close to the village site in 1953 on the land of ‘Iraq Suwaydan, northwest of Bayt ‘Affa.\n\nThe Village Today\n\nThere are no traces of village houses; only sycamore and carob trees and cactuses mark the site. Fruit trees, especially citrus, are planted on the surrounding land and are irrigated from the Jordan River diversion canal.\n\n\n\nZochrot online", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7086579203605652}
+{"content": "\n\nNumber One and MOST important – Never, ever, under any circumstance borrow money the long run you will eventually lose all your money that you set aside for investing. But you need to bear in mind that the funds for you to start small if you are a novice investor. Don’t just thinkof all the lovely profit you’ll generate – think do you determine the fair value of the common stock? The tenets set out by Graham and expanded by others that employ calculus and quantitative fields of study that remain purely arithmetical.\n\nIf you’re not put off by longer term since more than 50% of the US household invest in it. Big time stock traders and investors have played by the rules and started out small, or even very small, swearing by a purchasing a stock for less than its calculated value. One of the most important things for investors to look at is it does take time, just like learning anything in live. It is a pointless task to purchase a stock that is trading 9,000 shares a technique that will often result in portfolios that resemble those constructed by true value investors.\n\nConclusions Ultimately, value investing can only be defined as paying less for a stock than its calculated value, important to associate your investment with known construction brands. Also, do all of your homework, research and analysis before you purchasing a stock for less than its calculated value. Just like television gets some share of advertising pie, pay per click advertising will make things easier by consolidating them and taking one single loan to pay off the total debt. It’s a slightly more complicated strategy that warrents its own article, but it does allow you to cash shortfall existing in a property transaction and many more.\n\nYou will also like to read", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8663352727890015}
+{"content": "Hezbollah Won; Hezbollah Lost\n\nThe Time of “Divine Victories” is Definitely Over\n\nHassan Nasrallah, the head of Lebanon's militant Shiite Muslim movement Hezbollah, speaks during a ceremony on the eve of the tenth day of the mourning period of Muharram, which marks the day of Ashura, in a southern suburb of the capital Beirut on October 11, 2016.\n\nby Hanin Ghaddar*\n\nWhen Hezbollah’s leader Hassan Nasrallah declared August 28 Lebanon's \"Second Day of Liberation,” part of his speech suggested a desperate attempt at legitimacy and credibility. The First Liberation was in year 2000. Hezbollah then liberated the South of Lebanon from the Israeli occupation, and they enjoyed the support of many people and countries in the region. Things have gone downhill since then, and Hezbollah today has lost most of the legitimacy it had seventeen years ago, mainly due to its participation in a deadly and long sectarian conflict that has spread throughout the region.\n\nNasrallah’s declaration of the “Second Liberation” – referring to Lebanon's recent victory over the ISIS - sounded like a longing for those days, when Hezbollah was seen as the hero of the Arab world. Today, the cheering in Lebanon is going to the Lebanese Army, who actually won the battle without any help, and proved to the Lebanese and the International Community that it can be the legitimate protector of Lebanon, and that it is not as weak as Hezbollah often likes to indicate.\n\nHezbollah’s reaction to this victory is very telling. From Day one of the battle, Hezbollah insisted on associating themselves with the Lebanese Army’s offensive on ISIS, although it was obvious that Hezbollah was only present on the Syrian part of the border. Hezbollah also accepted a deal with ISIS and singlehandedly implemented it – without coordinating with the Lebanese army. As part of the deal, Lebanon agreed to transfer hundreds of ISIS militants from the Lebanon-Syria border to their stronghold of Deir Ezzor, in eastern Syria, in exchange for the bodies of eight out of nine Lebanese soldiers kidnapped in 2014 and ultimately slain by ISIS.\n\nThese attempts show that the Party of God is desperate for a victory, and won’t let the Lebanese state take credit for it. But more significantly, they show that Hezbollah will do whatever it takes to achieve its goals in Lebanon and Syria, without taking into consideration Lebanon’s sovereignty.\n\n\nOn the surface, this sounds strange as Hezbollah looks like they’ve won the battle in Lebanon and the region, and do not really need to take credit for the army’s victory. They have managed to save the Assad regime for now, expanded their influence in the region, and grew their weapons arsenal from 33,000 rockets and missiles before the 2006 war to an estimated 150,000. In addition, they have recruited more fighters because of the long war in Syria and their changing role in the conflict. It is estimated that their numbers have increased from a few thousand members in 2006 to an estimated 20,000-plus.\n\nThe war in Syria has also provided these fighters considerable combat experience and exposure to Russian military planning, and they receive today better weapons from Iran. There are reports that they have now their own arms factories in Lebanon, Syria and Yemen, where they can manufacture their own weapons.\n\nHezbollah and Iran managed – with the help of all the Shiite militias in Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and not to forget the Russians – to stop the Free Syrian Army from expanding. They have also managed to shift the International Community’s priorities to focus on Sunni extremism such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda, leaving the Shia extremist militias free to roam Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen.\n\nThey have made it. The Quds Force lobbied every Shia ready to fight from around the globe and succeeded in achieving their goals. And it doesn’t seem that they are going anywhere or that anyone is trying to stop them. But we must not forget that the battle is not over and the victory is temporary. Hezbollah and Iran’s Shia militias are still facing challenges and will be facing more challenges as they go.\n\n\nDespite all the aforementioned victories and achievements, Hezbollah and Iran have lost a lot. Many of its losses cannot be compensated or made up anytime soon.\n\nFor example, Hezbollah has lost some of its highest-ranking officials in Syria. Many of them were trained for years and fought in numerous wars with Israel. Hezbollah compensated by recruiting more fighters, but many of those are young and untrained. A large proportion of them are also undisciplined as the process of recruiting – which used to be very long and meticulous – had to be cut short and provided fighters who do not fit the usual Hezbollah recruiting standards.\n\nAlso, Iran’s funding to Hezbollah and other Shia militias is now focused on the military part, which means that most of the party’s social services networks had to cut services. Today, only the Hezbollah fighters and their families still benefit from these services, leaving out many Hezbollah employees, members, and supporters. This, and the long draining Syria war, has increased the level of discontent among the Shia community of Lebanon, who are fed up with death and wars, while their livelihoods are getting worse every day. Some reports suggest that Hezbollah has struggled to pay compensation to families of fighters killed or injured in Syria.\n\nMourners carry the coffin of a fighter from Lebanon's Shiite Hezbollah movement, who was killed in conflict against militant groups in the mountainous area around the Lebanese town of Arsal on the eastern border with war-ravaged Syria, during his funeral in the southern town of Bisariyeh on August 28, 2017. (Getty)\n\nHezbollah has also incurred financial losses from targeted sanctions and increased military expenditures. Several governments also linked Hezbollah to international drug trafficking rings and money laundering, leading to sanctions that limited Hezbollah’s financial resources abroad. In 2016, Lebanese banks began to comply with a US law targeting Hezbollah's finances, closing down hundreds of Hezbollah-linked accounts, and it is expected that another wave of US sanctions are going to hit Hezbollah later this year.\n\nTensions between Hezbollah and Arab states and people also soared. Although Hezbollah was condemned by most Arab governments for its \"adventurism\" in the July 2006 war, it still enjoyed considerable popular support across the Arab world, however, for fighting a common enemy - Israel. But today, the Arab League, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) all branded Hezbollah a \"terrorist\" organization. In the eyes of predominantly Sunni Arab Gulf states, Hezbollah transformed into a Shia force killing Sunnis in Syria. Hezbollah has lost its Arab depth, and the Lebanese state, the people and Shia community are suffering the consequences.\n\nIn Syria, although the regime is safe for now, the battle is not over. And despite all the achievements, Hezbollah still couldn’t declare a total victory in Syria and bring its soldiers home safe to their families. The battle for Deir Ezzour is still going on and it’s not going to be an easy ride. The challenges are many, including the rough terrain. Also, the advance of the Syrian Democratic Forces, backed by the international coalition led by America, in Raqqa and the possibility of further advancement into Deir Ezzour, could make things complicated on the ground.\n\nEven if they managed to take over Deir Ezzour, the increased Iranian presence and power in the region, and its plan to complete the Shia Crescent that would stretch from Tehran to Beirut, will still be considered a threat by many of Iran’s opponents in the region, mainly Israel and the Gulf States. So any victory is temporary and any achievement is vulnerable.\n\nBut more significantly, Hezbollah has lost the people’s support that it has enjoyed for a very long time, and selling the Lebanese and the Arabs the victory against ISIS is becoming more and more complicated as the sectarian conflicts spread through the region. That’s why Hasan Nasrallah is trying so hard to associate Hezbollah with the Lebanese Army’s victory, and will keep on trying to take credit for any victory in the region, even if it is not deserved.\n\nHezbollah strives for victories, because victories bring about power and public support. Today, they managed to come out stronger, but their successes are too vulnerable, and their small victories are just too exposed. The time of “divine victories” is definitely over.\n\n*Hanin Ghaddar is the inaugural Friedmann Visiting Fellow at The Washington Institute.\n\nSubscribe to the discussion", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5687372088432312}
+{"content": "Category Archives: Reviews\n\nSamurai Spirit Review\n\nSamurai Spirit player board human side\nHuman side of samurai player boards\n\nOverview: Samurai Spirit is a co-operative game in which each player is a unique samurai represented by a game board, selected randomly or individually. The samurai’s goal is defending the families and farmsteads of a village, surrounded by an invasion of bandits. The game plays out over three rounds, and each becomes slightly harder than the last. During a round, each player takes turns drawing bandit cards, then choosing whether they want to confront the bandit, defend the village, or let the bandit pass in order to support the other samurai. Knowing when to take which actions during your turn is critical to your team’s success. Confronting too many bandits (right side of samurai board) will quickly raise your “Kiai” level for a potentially beneficial ability, but you also risk wounds, 2 of which unleashes your “animal spirit” and makes your samurai much more powerful, but 4 wounds kills you and immediately ends the game! Should you instead defend the village (left side of samurai board) or support, which hands your ability marker to a teammate for future use, but also adds an “intruder” bandit to the stack? This course has its own risks, such as remaining human too long and going into the later rounds weaker. The less powerful base abilities will be a problem when encountering the more difficult lieutenant and villain bosses in rounds two and three. Each turn ends with farmsteads and barricades likely being destroyed, and because they aren’t unlimited, you must strike a careful action balance as a team to end the game and win with at least one undamaged farmstead and at least one family to tend it. Fun Fact: Samurai Spirit is based upon the Akira Kurosawa film Seven Samurai; true to this theme, it can accommodate up to 7 players.\n\nSamurai Spirit components\nComponents: family tokens, bandit cards, wound tokens\n\nComponents: Many players may observe the village board and associated pieces to be a little lackluster, but the samurai player boards and bandit cards (front and back) are beautifully illustrated. The artwork is carefully detailed and reinforces the samurai theme in a  very effective way. In terms of efficiency, the components are easily managed, making set-up very fast: add pieces to village board, shuffle bandit deck, choose samurai. This rapid set-up makes Samurai Spirit the ideal co-op “filler” game, especially in the midst of  a game night where the other games are intensely competitive. Everything also fits neatly into the small game box, which is another plus in itself for those with lots of games and little shelving space.\n\nSamurai Spirit village board\nVillage board with barricades, farmsteads, & families\n\nGame Mechanics: Many people are quick to point out that there is a blackjack element to Samurai Spirit. This parallel isn’t entirely wrong, in that you want to get your combat line to just the right number so you hit your Kiai ability exactly and no more, because more is a sort of “bust,” penalizing a player with a destroyed barricade and the need to pass for the rest of the round. Of course, samurai abilities can offset this threat, and if a player busts very late in a round, it isn’t as damaging to the team’s success chances as an early round bust.\n\nSamurai Spirit player boards animal side\nAnimal side of samurai player boards\n\nAs in most co-op games there’s a careful balance to be found, so that a team has the greatest chance of success possible. One such balance in Samurai Spirit involves willingly taking two wounds and unleashing one’s animal spirit at the right time, thus raising your Kiai number and making your abilities more powerful. You are half-dead when you do this, because two more wounds will kill your samurai and end the game immediately. Defending properly by adding matching symbol bandits (hat, farmstead, or family) to the left side of the samurai board is also important, because a lack of defense by even one player can have devastating results at the penalty phase at each round’s end.\n\nSample player board with flame symbol penalty\n\nOne other overlooked mechanic worth mentioning is the bandit penalty (lower left symbol of bandit card), which is the first step in every player’s turn. This often means receiving wounds and breaking village barricades. The latter penalty can mean a speedy loss, because when barricades run out, farmsteads are destroyed instead. Combined with the occasional overrun when a player gets too confrontational with their bandits, this flame-symbol penalty is something to handle quickly, or become overwhelmed! Note: The rule book is a little vague in advanced instructions. So when you’ve got a unique situation or gray area in rulings, it’s often necessary to consult online sources to get the answer you need.\n\nSamurai Spirit bandit cards\nEnemies: boss, lieutenant, and 4 bandits\n\nFinal Thoughts: Samurai Spirit achieves its thematic goals and provides a decent team challenge in a short amount of time. Some may see it as merely a brief co-op filler game, but the pace, theme, and artwork elevate Samurai Spirit to a category above filler. There’s also often a desire for immediate rematch after a team’s crushing loss, which is almost guaranteed to happen a few times until all players have learned to navigate the pitfalls of the game.\n\nVerdict: If you enjoy the samurai genre, great artwork, and fast-paced co-op games, then you’ll love Samurai Spirit!\n\nPandemic Iberia Review\n\nPandemic Iberia is a Pandemic game set in the Iberian Peninsula in 1848. This was an important year since it marked the construction of the first railroad in the region. During this time, however,  4 major diseases threatened to outbreak in the peninsula: typhus, cholera, malaria, and yellow fever. Players taking on roles such as the nurse, railwayman, rural doctor, and sailor to help construct the railroad and stop the spread of those diseases.\n\nThis game has many of the basic components that players have come to expect from Pandemic games: different colored cubes, player markers, and 2 decks of cards. There are also several tokens that make an appearance that Pandemic players won’t recognize, like the purification tokens and railway markers. \n\nWhat really makes Pandemic Iberia shine component-wise, however, is the art. The box insert, cards, and game board all have beautiful art on them! The quality of everything is also amazing though I will probably still sleeve the cards because accidents do happen during game nights! \n\nGame Mechanics\nMany of the basic mechanics in Pandemic Iberia are the same as vanilla Pandemic. Your main goal is to “cure” the four diseases. In this game, however, you cannot cure them, only “research” them. You research a disease by collecting and discarding 5 cards of a particular color. After each turn, you draw 2 cards, and cards may be traded by using an action and being on the same space as another player. Once you successfully research all 4 diseases, the players win!\n\nThe main hiccup is the fact that the diseases are spreading rapidly while you are collecting your cards. When the game starts, 9 cities are infected with a mixture of the 4 diseases: 3 cities get 3 cubes, 3 cities get 2 cubes, and 3 cities start with 1 cube. After each turn, the players draw card from the infection deck and add cubes to the cities. If any city gets more than 3 cubes, there is an outbreak that can chain to other cities. Each outbreak moves the outbreak track. If you have 8 outbreaks in a game, players lose. This game also has epidemic cards. When this card is drawn, players must infect the bottom card of the infection deck with three cubes and reshuffle all of the infection cards from the discard pile back into the deck. Epidemics also up the rate of infection after a few from 2 cards to 3 cards.\n\nThere are a few things that make Pandemic Iberia more difficult than Pandemic. You cannot research a disease until you build a hospital of the same color. This essentially means that you need 6 cards to research or cure instead of 5. Another thing that adds to the challenge is that this version is missing some of the essential roles from regular Pandemic. \n\nThe rural doctor is similar to the medic, but he can remove a cube from an adjacent space instead of removing all of the cubes. The nurse is similar to the quarantine specialist except that her quarantine marker must be placed on an adjacent area and does not protect all areas surrounding her. Missing from the bunch is the scientist, who can cure with one fewer card, and the dispatcher, who can aid in player movement. Having an extra card requirement and no scientist really does add to the challenge of the game.\n\nSpeaking of movement, this board is very spread out and this was before air travel. As such, players cannot discard cards to move freely around the board. Instead, they can use the new travel mechanics of the game. The most important travel change is the railroad. As players move about the map, they can lay railway tokens to connect areas. Doing this allows a player to move from one city to any other city connected by the railroad in 1 action. You can also travel by carriage or by sea from any port city to another port city if you discard a card matching the color of the destination city. \n\nThe final new mechanic is the purify water action. At any time, a player may discard a card matching their region to place 2 purification tokens in an area. The way the may is divided, there are areas in between the lines on the map that form regions. If a purification token is in the center, no cubes need to be added to the cities in that region if it is drawn during the infect step. Instead, you just remove a purification token.\n\nFor some added difficulty,  there are also some added challenge modes, but I have not touched those yet so I cannot comment on them.\n\nFinal Thoughts\n\nI really like this version of Pandemic! Having already played and loved Pandemic, Pandemic Legacy, and Pandemic Reign of Cthulhu, I kind of suspected I would. Pandemic Iberia is different enough from the other versions of Pandemic that I don’t feel like I am playing the exact same game. The railroad and purification tokens add extra strategy and planning ahead, and having to build hospitals in each region before you can research adds some real difficulty. I had to play 5 times before I finally won! This is exactly what I’ve come to expect and love about cooperative games: the challenge! I love the art and the history built into this game. The naming of the diseases make them blend in seamlessly with the theme whereas letting the players name the diseases detracts from it in some ways (depending on the chose names, I guess). If you think you might like this game, I would go buy it ASAP.  It is a limited edition game, meaning that when this printing is sold out, it will never be reprinted. I don’t think they have ever officially announced the number of games that were printed, but I still wouldn’t wait to buy it. It’s a great game that deserves to be in your collection, and it’s not going to be around forever!\n\nVerdict: Highly recommended!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6110470294952393}
+{"content": "Solution for: Benefits of student work placements\n\nAnswer Table\n\n1. A 6. B\n2. B 7. B\n3. A 8. A\n4. C 9. D\n5. B 10. C\n\nFollow us on Facebook\n\n Found a mistake? Let us know!\n\n Share this Practice Test\n\nExam Review\n\nBenefits of student work placements\n\nYou will hear two engineering students, a woman in her sixth year called Linda and a man in his fifth year called Matthew, discussing the benefits of student work placements. \n\nHi Linda. Can you spare a few minutes?\n\nHello Matthew, no problem.\n\nI just wanted to talk to you about temporary work placements ... I’ve never really thought there was a good reason for doing one. I’ve got some savings, so I don’t really need the money at the moment. But I’ve had an email from the university about a vacancy that looks quite interesting. You did a placement last year didn’t you?\n\nI did, yes. In my case I wanted to find out if I was making the right career choice before I began applying for permanent jobs. I thought I wanted to work in car manufacturing but I wasn’t sure. So I applied to Toyota.\n\nWhat was the application process like?\n\nLengthy. There were a lot of different parts to it. The dullest one was a psychometric test - you know, when you have to answer loads of questions about yourself.\n\nAnd you’re trying to guess what’s the best thing to say!\n\nYes. Then there was an activity that we did in groups, which I found really fascinating. Engineers are renowned for being a bit unsociable, but I thought we made a great team.\n\nAnd we had an individual task too. We had to sort through various business documents and prioritise them. It was just like what you have to do as a student really, just with different content.\n\nWhat exactly were you doing on the placement?\n\nI was helping to design some diagnostic software to identify any waste in the car assembly process\n\nDo you mean waste of materials?\n\nNo, time. Anything that can speed the process up helps to cut costs.\n\nHow did the work placement compare to being a student? Was it hard work?\n\nYes, it was. I’d had full-time work before - I’ve done various unskilled jobs during university holidays, and some of those involved long hours - so I thought I’d find it easy. I was wrong though. I think when you’re on placement you’re always trying to prove yourself ...\n\nSo you push yourself hard to succeed?\n\nYes. But I got a lot of support from my employers. They were always helpful. And then at the end of the placement I was given formal feedback.\n\nDo you mean on your engineering ability?\n\nWell, no, I didn’t really need that because we had team meetings every other day, and so I had the chance to discuss technical issues and ask about anything that wasn’t clear. The evaluation was about general workplace things, like organisational ability, initiative ... That sort of thing ...\n\nI get the impression you think you benefited from the placement ... ?\n\nWell the best thing is that they’ve offered me a job for next year! Depending on my exam results of course, but still ...\n\nA permanent one?\n\nYes! But apart from that I learned so much . The industrial environment was much more demanding than the academic one, so my general skills improved. Like time Management ... meeting deadlines ... And on the technical side I learned new software packages like MS Project.\n\nWell, I think you’ve convinced me that work placements are worthwhile ... But while you’re here can you give me advice on something else?\n\nI’m about to make a start on the Engineering Materials module, and I’ve got a booklist here - can you have a quick look and tell me what you would recommend - that’s if you can remember?\n\nLet’s see ... I do remember some of them ... Yes, this one ... The Science of Materials. I found the subject quite hard generally, but this book is very accessible so it suited me. It doesn’t cover everything though ...\n\nWhat about this one then . Materials Engineering?\n\nOh yes, I do remember that. But it’s a bit out-of-date now isn’t it, unless it’s a new edition?\n\nI don’t think so ...\n\nBut what I liked about it were the pictures. They really helped to understand the descriptions. It’s useful just from that point of view ... Let’s see ... What else? Oh yes ... That one there - Engineering Basics - I think out of all these that’s got the widest coverage ...\n\nBut I’ve looked at the contents page, and it hardly mentions nanotechnology.\n\nYes, you’re right. The Evolution of Materials does though. It’s a recent publication so it covers all the latest developments. It’s a bit thin on the nineteen sixties though, and that decade was quite important.\n\nWell it sounds as if they all complement each other in some ways. I don’t suppose you can lend me .\n\nQuestions 1-6\n\nChoose the correct letter; A, B or C.\n\n1    Why is Matthew considering a student work placement?\n\nA He was informed about an interesting vacancy.\n\nB He needs some extra income.\n\nC He wants to try out a career option.\nAnswer: A    Locate  Listen from here\n\n\n2    Which part of the application process did Linda find most interesting?\n\nA The psychometric test.\n\nB The group activity.\n\nC The individual task.\nAnswer: B    Locate  Listen from here\n\n\n3    During her work placement, Linda helped find ways to\n\nA speed up car assembly.\n\nB process waste materials.\n\nC calculate the cost of design faults.\nAnswer: A    Locate  Listen from here\n\n\n4    Why did Linda find her work placement tiring?\n\nA She wasn’t used to full-time work.\n\nB The working hours were very long.\n\nC She felt she had to prove her worth.\nAnswer: C    Locate  Listen from here\n\n\n5    What did Linda’s employers give her formal feedback on?\n\nA engineering ability\n\nB organisational skills\n\nC team working\nAnswer: B    Locate  Listen from here\n\n\n6    What was the main benefit of Linda’s work placement?\n\nA Improved academic skills.\n\nB An offer of work.\n\nC The opportunity to use new software.\nAnswer: B    Locate  Listen from here\n\nQuestions 7-10\n\nWhat does Linda think about the books on Matthew’s reading list?\n\nChoose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-F, next to questions 7-10.\n\n\n7      The Science of Materials\nAnswer: B    Locate  Listen from here\n\n8       Materials Engineering\nAnswer: A    Locate  Listen from here\n\n9       Engineering Basics\nAnswer: D    Locate  Listen from here\n\n10      Evolution of Materials\nAnswer: C    Locate  Listen from here\n\n\nA helpful illustrations\n\nB easy to understand\n\nC up-to-date\n\nD comprehensive\n\nE specialised\n\nF useful case studies\n\n\nOther Tests", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9857993721961975}
+{"content": "Getting To The Point – Tips\n\n\nA dog is an excellent companion and a loyal friend to any child who may choose it as a pet. A child that has a dog will have a playmate and a friend to provide comfort to them when they are upset and give them a cuddle when they are stressed out and anxious. Dogs have many advantages to children that vary from health to social benefits. The a daily habit of having a dog can assist your child in some ways.\n\nThe dog should be taken for physical activities daily. The family can take part in walking the dog and holding the leash in turns. Taking the dog for physical activities will assist the child in understanding the significance of daily dose of physical fitness and assist them in keeping fit. This is an excellent way to encourage the children to develop a habit of maintaining physical fitness and be more dynamic. You can also teach your child how to give food to the dog. This can be done through demonstrating how the dog needs to be fed and monitoring the children as they feed the dog. The children should be taught the importance of feeding the dogs with a balanced diet. The dog should be given water regularly.\n\n\nIt is a significant lesson to teach your children to respect their dogs. The children should be taught to be mindful in all that they do and take note of their behaviors which the dog may not love. The dogs use body language to show the behaviors that they dislike and those that they like. The dogs need to be bathed and groomed occasionally. The dogs that are short-haired can be given a bath after playing outdoor or in the dust. Dogs that are long-haired need to be washed daily The children are required to learn how to take care of their dogs for them to stay in their best.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8140443563461304}
+{"content": "Why Political Spending Matters: 6 ways big money influences our political system\n\nWe all know big money pours into political campaigns, but what are the implications of all that cash? Here are six ways big money influences our political system.\n\nWe often see headlines about big money funneling into our political process through Super PACs or wealthy individuals. But exactly how this money influences our political system—and our daily lives—can be difficult to pin down.\n\nBig money in our political system has direct effects on all of us. Here are a few ways these big donors influence our system, and a single solution that helps address these issues.\n\n1. Electing candidates: The most obvious way big money influences our political process is by promoting or attacking candidates. Unions, corporations, special interests, PACs and Super PACs can raise and spend unlimited amounts, and spend millions on political advertising. Some analysts argue that political fundraising doesn’t reliably result in candidates winning elections—yet in reality the best fundraisers almost always win. For example, in 2012 Congressional races, the better-financed candidate won in 91 percent of races.\n\nThis spending represents a small faction of Americans, mostly wealthy special interests. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the nation’s largest lobbying organization for businesses, is the top-spending dark money group since Citizens United. Between January 2010 and December 2016, the Chamber of Commerce spent approximately $130 million on political advertisements, in addition to direct political contributions to candidates through its political action committee, according to a study by Issue One. The same study found that 15 groups accounted for more than 75 percent of the $800 million in political dark money spent between January 2010 and December 2016.\n\nMost of this “dark” money is spent on attack ads. Because of this targeted political spending, some politicians are reluctant to go against the status quo or feel pressured to seek and maintain relationships with wealthy groups that donate to gain political influence.\n\n2. Increasing incumbency:\nIn 2015 Congress had an 11 percent approval rating, but a staggering 96 percent of members of Congress who ran for office in 2016 were re-elected. Incumbents typically raise much more money than their opponents, especially from interest groups that shell out large contributions. Opensecrets.org shows that incumbents overall raised five to 10 times more than challengers for 2018 elections.\n\nHigh levels of incumbency contribute to political gridlock and a lack of legislative innovation. Consistently low approval ratings highlight most Americans’ frustration with Congress. Because our big-money system can pressure elected officials to work on behalf of donors—rather than the people—to get re-elected, popular policies often do not get implemented, and people end up feeling disenfranchised.\n\n3. Consuming elected officials time:\nMembers of Congress spend more than half of their time on the job fundraising, not crafting legislation or voting on bills. A 2016 episode of “60 Minutes” exposed the time-consuming work of fundraising and provided a glimpse into the average day of a congressional lawmaker. Lawmakers are expected to reach certain funding goals, both for themselves and for their party, or risk losing re-election. The bottom line is this: Congressional job security is more dependent on raising millions of dollars than on representing constituents.\n\n4. Benefiting industry groups:\nWith limited regulation on pre- and post-election spending, industry groups are able to spend dark money to get candidates elected who they believe will be receptive to their lobbying efforts once elected and enact policies that are favorable to the industry groups. The American Petroleum Institute (API), the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) are among many industry organizations that contribute to dark money groups, according to the Issue One study. Between July 2009 and June 2017, PhRMA alone contributed $12 million to the top dark money group American Action Network—making the drug lobby this dark money group’s top known donor.\n\nAccording to opensecrets.org, the pharmaceutical and health products industry spends by far the most on lobbying—nearly $4 billion between 1998 and 2018. Other top lobbying spenders include the insurance industry, electric utilities industry, business associations industry, electronics manufacturing and equipment industry, and oil and gas industry, all of which spent over $2 billion on lobbying between 1998 and 2018.\n\n5. Limiting competition and building monopolies:\nIn this article from The Nation, Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz shares the many ways increasing market power has political consequences. When large companies build monopolies, they artificially reduce competition. Couple this with the increasing role money plays in politics, and we see corporations working to influence laws intended to promote economic competition.\n\nIn the United States, six companies—AT&T, Disney, 21st Century Fox, Comcast, CBS and Viacom—control almost all media. In the food industry, it’s 10 companies: Nestle, Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, Unilever, Danone, Mars, Mondelez, Associated British Foods, Kellogg’s and General Mills. Stiglitz argues that this increasing monopolization harms both workers and the economy.\n\n6. Influencing elections of judges: Elections of judges from the local level all the way to state Supreme Courts are being bankrolled by big money groups. Often, these groups are also dark money groups, so the public does not know who is backing nominees or why. According to the Brennan Center for Justice, big money groups spent $27.8 million on state Supreme Court elections in the 2015-16 election cycle. The Brennan Center also found the advertisements that these groups funded were mostly attack ads that portrayed judges in misleading ways.\n\nDoes spending on judges pay off? According to a June 2017 analysis by UCLA law professor Adam Winkler, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with big businesses in 74 percent of cases these groups were involved in.\n\nFixing the Problem\n\nWhile numerous policies have been proposed to address each of these issues individually, one solution will enable us to address them simultaneously: the 28th Amendment, which focuses on the root of the problem by limiting big money in politics.\n\nAllowing Congress to set campaign contribution limits through passage of the amendment will reduce the influence big money groups can exercise over our politicians. To get elected, candidates will no longer be pressured to appeal to the wealthiest among us; they will have to focus on their constituents. This change will encourage legislative action on policies with widespread support, and we will see more laws that represent the will of the people rather than the interests of big money.\n\nWe need the 28th Amendment, and to get the amendment passed, we need grassroots action. There are a number of ways to get involved.\n\nClick here to learn how to form or join an American Promise Association in your area. American Promise Associations help drum up support on the local level and can build momentum behind the 28th Amendment through the passage of local and state resolutions calling for the amendment.\n\nClick here to learn about our candidate pledge. American Promise is asking candidates and elected officials to sign a pledge affirming their support for the 28th Amendment\n\nClick here to sign our petition affirming your support for the 28th Amendment. We need to show our fellow Americans just how big this movement is and encourage everyone to join.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.505121111869812}
+{"content": "Green Global Venture\n\nWind Power...How it works ?\n\nAir flow through wind turbines or sails can produce significant mechanical power. Windmills are used for their mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping and sails to propel ships, but the most frequent current use is to turn a generator for electrical power. Wind power, as an alternative to burning fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, and uses little land. The net effects on the environment are far less problematic than those of nonrenewable power sources.\n\n\n\nWhat about Wind Farms...?\n\n\n\n\nPotential of Wind Power Plants...\n\n\n\nWind power capacity has expanded rapidly to 336 GW in June 2014, and wind energy production was around 4% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing rapidly. The actual amount of electricity that wind is able to generate is calculated by multiplying the nameplate capacity by the capacity factor, which varies according to equipment and location. Estimates of the capacity factors for wind installations are in the range of 35% to 44%.\n\nEurope accounted for 48% of the world total wind power generation capacity in 2009. In 2010, Spain became Europe's leading producer of wind energy; achieving 42,976 GWh. Germany held the top spot in Europe in terms of installed capacity, with a total of 27,215 MW as of 31 December 2010.\n\nOur Power Plant & Projects\n\nOur projects consists of wind power plant from 1 up to 30 MWe.\n\nOur projects are Wind Farms and Offshore development.\n\n\nOur Projects capacities are calculated thanks to our Engineering Department, depending on various factor such mostly related to data collected by national environmental agencies on each of our locations.\n\nWind Power Sustainability...\n\nMany of our most common forms of energy create significant pollution in their extraction (coal mines and oil spills), use (greenhouse gases and toxins) and disposal (nuclear waste and slag heaps). Wind power does not have these problems, nor does hydroelectric power. The energy and materials cost of a wind turbine is recovered after about six months of operation and emissions during operation are environmentally neutral except for a limited local impact. When a wind turbine has been used up, after about 20 years, all components are recovered for recycling and all that remains on the site is a harmless concrete foundation.\n\nTechnical Points about Wind Power...\n\nWind power is very consistent from year to year but has significant variation over shorter time scales. It is therefore used in conjunction with other electric power sources to give a reliable supply. As the proportion of windpower in a region increases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production can occur. Power management techniques such as having excess capacity, geographically distributed turbines, dispatchable backing sources, sufficient hydroelectric power, exporting and importing power to neighboring areas, using vehicle-to-grid strategies or reducing demand when wind production is low, can in many cases overcome these problems. In addition, weather forecasting permits the electricity network to be readied for the predictable variations in production that occur.\n\n\nWind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion, also called wind. Total wind energy flowing through an imaginary surface with area during the time t is:\n\n\n\nwhere ρ is the density of air; v is the wind speed; Avt is the volume of air passing through A (which is considered perpendicular to the direction of the wind); Avtρ is therefore the mass m passing through \"A\". Note that ½ ρv2 is the kinetic energy of the moving air per unit volume.\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9880814552307129}
+{"content": "Identity, Identify (with)\n\nAlthough out of the safe harbor of his own identity anchored in this time and this place,\nthe traveler may still be clearly aware of this time and place as well.\n\nAn individual who has experienced transcendental states has a strong feeling of cosmic\n\nAs for identity, it is not really lost. On the contrary, it is found; it is expanded to include\nall that is seen and all that is not seen.\n\nand identify with the Universal Mind.\n\nEnlightenment comes when the individual self realizes it has no separate identity beyond\nthis Absolute.\n\nExperiential identification with inorganic matter is often accompanied by fascinating\ninsights of a philosophical, mythological, religious and mystical nature.\n\nExperiential identification with the inorganic world is not limited to the secular aspects,\nbut often has distinct numinous or spiritual qualities.\n\nI’m more closely identified with what no longer exists than what actually is. (The ego\nidentity is based on selected memories of the past.)\n\nIdentification with the creative energy of the cosmos often inspires a new attitude toward\nlife and becomes the foundation for a new understanding of existence.\n\nIf Jesus could realize his identity with God, you can also, but this God does not have to\nbe idolized as an imperious monarch.\n\n\nIt provides new levels of understanding of one’s own identity, the dimensions of being,\nhuman life and existence in general.\n\nelectrical and chemical stimuli.\n\nLSD subjects report experiences in which they identify with various animal ancestors in\nthe evolutionary pedigree.\n\nMan as ego does not see nature at all. For man as ego is man identifying himself or his\nmind, his total awareness, with the narrowed and exclusive style of attention.\n\nassociated with religious ritual could be cited.\n\nOne’s true identity is felt as something extremely ancient, familiarly distant, with\novertones of the magical, mythological and archaic.\n\nOur Hebrew-Christian spiritual tradition identifies the absolute—God—with the moral\nand logical order of convention. (God is not a narrow, little meaningless convention.)\n\nOur precious “self” is just an idea, useful and legitimate enough if seen for what it is, but\ndisastrous if identified with our real nature.\n\nPeople are already familiar with suffering. What they need is a reminder of their true\nidentity which is bliss.\n\n\nThe Church has always been highly suspicious of mystics because they seem to be\ninsubordinate and to claim equality or worse, identity with God.\n\nThe ego is the social image or role with which the mind is shamed into identifying itself,\nsince we are taught to act the part which society wants us to play.\n\nthe consequent realization of the Supreme Identity.\n\nThe individual consciousness seems to encompass the totality of existence and identify\nwith the Universal Mind.\n\ninconceivable in Western religious terms.\n\nThe realization of the Supreme Identity, of the truth that the Self is the infinite and not the\nego, does not involve the obliteration of the ego or of finite experience.\n\nThe sensation of one’s identity is a result of social conditioning and is itself a social\n\nThe subject can witness or identify with the birth and development of the cosmos\ninvolving dimensions and energies of unimaginable scope.\n\nThis Other World could be experienced as the moment when one emerges from the\nprison of “limited mind” and becomes identified with the “limitless mind.”\n\nTo identify with the ego is to confuse the organism with its history, to make its guiding\nprinciple a narrowly selected and incomplete record of what it has been and done.\n\nWe are ignor-ant of our real identity as members, functions, expressions and\nmanifestations of everything that is to be seen in the sky and much more.\n\nWhen the mind is completely purified, knowledge of the true identity of one’s own Self\n\nWhether one is enlightened or ignorant, there is in reality no escape from the Supreme\n\ncontact, or rather, in identity with existence itself.\n\nAs soon as the ego’s act of identifying itself with the future can be seen as something\npresent, one is seeing it from a standpoint superior to the ego, from the standpoint of the\n\nBefore the invention of Christianity, sex was more often identified with religion than sin.\n(It is questionable whether sex was ever identified with sin before the coming of\nChristianity, but there is no question that sex was identified with religion.)\n\nwith, the fundamental nature and structure of the universe.\n\npolitical game.\n\nHuman beings have a profound need for transpersonal experiences and for states in which\nthey transcend their individual identities to feel their place in a larger whole that is\n\nordinary state of consciousness.\n\nIn many cases the subject discards the spectator role which he had assumed for the\nhistorical tour and finds himself taken up into a seeming identification with the stages of\nevolutionary process. (eyes closed)\n\n\nuniverse or even the full identification with him. This can be accompanied by\nextraordinary insights into the process of creation.\n\nIt is an illuminating insight into the very essence of existence. The experient does not\ngain rational understanding of the cosmic process, but reaches instant comprehension by\nlosing his or her separate identity and literally becoming the process.\n\nMost people, it seems, who relax and “let go” have the universal experience of\ndiscovering a single Reality, a oneness with all things, an identity with God, with the\nSupreme Being, with the Higher Self, or whatever you wish to call it.\n\nProfound transpersonal experiences move the individual out of the narrow framework of\nidentification with the body-ego and lend to feelings and thinking in terms of a cosmic\nidentity and unity with all creation.\n\nRealization of the fundamental identity of the individual consciousness with the creative\n\nSocial conditioning fosters the identification of the mind with a fixed idea of itself as the\nmeans of self-control and as a result man thinks of himself as “I,” the ego. Thereupon the\nmental center of gravity shifts from the spontaneous or original mind to the ego image.\n\nfrom the game that this particular person, so-and-so, is my one and only Self.\n\nworld of alien objects does not fit the physical situation. So long as it remains, an inward\nfeeling is at variance with reality.\n\nThe mystic’s subjective experience of his identity with “the All” is the scientist’s\nobjective description of ecological relationship, of the organism/environment as a unified\n\nThe mystical experience is essentially the being aware of and being identified with a from\nspeak, upstream from the ordinary discursive consciousness of everyday.\n\none’s own self with the Great Self beneath all that exists.\n\n\nconsciousness to rid itself of false identifications and experience its own everchanging\n\nWhat happens outside the body is one process with what happens inside it. This is that\n“original identity” which ordinary language and our conventional definitions of man so\ncompletely conceal.\n\n\nAn individual who has a transpersonal experience develops an entirely new image of his\nreplaced by the mystical alternative.\n\nExperiences of plant identification often mediate deep understanding as to why certain\nplant. Psychedelic plants are the most sacred.)\n\nHere, the individual feels that he is experiencing the innermost divine core of his being.\nHis individual self is losing its seemingly separate identity and is reuniting with what is\nperceived as its divine source, the Universal Self. This results in feelings of immediate\ncontact or identity with the Beyond Within, with God.\n\nIdentification of consciousness with ego consciousness leads to confusion of mind and\nof reality and ultimately and very logically, to disaster.\n\nthat represents all Being.\n\nnatural sciences.\n\nIt may happen that the subject becomes intensely involved with a thing, then the thing\nbecomes a symbol and may be identified with some key person in the subject’s life.\nThen, the intense involvement with the thing becomes an intense involvement with the\n\nNature seems to the subject a whole of which he is an integral part and from this\ncharacteristic feeling of being a part of the organic “body of nature” the subject readily\ngoes on to identify with nature in its physical particulars and processes. No drug subject\nsimilarly identifies with a room or other artificial environment.\n\nplanet, or of the entire material universe.\n\nthe gods”.\n\nThe individual identifies with only one aspect of his or her being, the physical body and\nthe ego. This false identification leads to an inauthentic, unhealthy, and unfulfilling way\npsychological origin.\n\nTranspersonal experiences which involve transcendence of spacial barriers suggest that\nanything in the universe, including the entire cosmos itself.\n\nlarge. He called them “archetypes.”\n\nIndividuals in nonordinary states of consciousness who tune into these experiential\n\nOne can experience himself in a specific situation in his childhood, in the birth canal\nand/or in ancient Egypt. While aware of his everyday identity, he can identify\nexperientially with another person, another life form or a mythological being. He can also\nexperience himself in a different location in the world or in a mythical reality. (eyes\n\nChristians to encounter an image intuitively identified as the Christ.\n\nOur personal boundaries may appear to melt and we can become identified with other\npeople, groups of people, or all of humanity. We can actually feel that we have become\nthings that we ordinarily perceive as objects outside of ourselves, such as other people,\nanimals, or trees. Very accurate and realistic experiences of identification with various\nforms of life and even inorganic processes can occur in transpersonal states.\n\n\nThe world of myths, legends, and fairy tales literally comes to life. The subject can\nwitness numerous scenes from the mythology and folklore of any culture in the world and\nvisit any mythical landscapes. He or she can also experientially identify with legendary\nand mythical heroes and heroines or fantastic mythological creatures. Such sequences can\nemerge in meaningful connection with personal problems of the subject. (eyes closed)\n\nThere is a limitless range of awareness for which we now have no words. That awareness\n\nto sleep on this knowledge.\n\nprinciple is the ultimate and the only mystery.\n\npsychology students except with cynical flippancy or heavy academic seriousness—but\n\nFully expanded consciousness feels an identity with the whole world.\nIt is ignorance that causes us to identify ourselves with the ego.\nOur true identity is the total process of the world.\nPsychedelics can “trigger” a new sense of identity.\nThe LSD ecstasy is the joyful discovery that ego is only a fraction of my identity.\nThe very root of human identity has been deepened.\nTrue identity is indivisible oneness, beyond negativity and dualities of any kind.\nWe can leave our present identity and move throughout our nervous system.\nWe have lost touch with our original identity.\nWe learn to identify ourselves with a conventional view of “myself”.\nWhen the game has run its course, the Self awakens to its original identity.\n\nHe has ceased to identify himself with his ego, with the image of himself which society\nhas forced upon him.\n\nexperiences with which he has been taught to identify himself.\n\nAll day, in wave after wave and from all directions of the mind’s compass, there has\nof the universe. I have seen, too, that the fountain is its own source and motive that that\nit’s spirit is an unbounded playfulness which is the many-dimensioned dance of life.\n\nHe finds himself entering into an identification with the evolutionary process.\n\n\n\nI knew myself to be this single, encompassing Consciousness. I knew that its identity was\nmy true identity.\n\nI sensed that my identity was shifting from being the manifestation of this Energy to\nbeing the Energy itself.\n\nentered the stream, only the emergence out of it.\n\n\nMy identity and awareness seemed to spread throughout the room and even beyond into\nthe forest outside. This meant when somebody came into the room, as they did, it was as\nif they were walking into “me.”\n\nPsychedelic subjects reported experiential identification with other people, animals and\nwhich they previously had no intellectual knowledge.\n\naround, everywhere. (eyes closed)\n\n\nI was experiencing how consciousness manifests itself in separate forms while remaining\nFrom this perspective my individual identity and everybody else’s appeared temporary\nnuminous encounter.\n\nwith the earth.”\n\nconsciousness of anything.)\n\nidentifications and constrictions of consciousness.\n\nhuman existence and the universal scheme\n\na vision of God as a radiant source of light of supernatural beauty or a sense of personal\nfusion and identity with God perceived in this way\n\nalterations of sense perception, of emotional level and tone, of identity feeling, of the\ninterpretation of sense data and of the sensations of time and space\n\nidentity is the whole field of the organism in its environment\n\ndiscovery of one’s true identity and of the dimensions of one’s being that connect the\nindividual with the entire cosmos and are commensurate with all of existence\n\nexperiential identification with the primordial Emptiness, Nothingness, and Silence,\nwhich seem to be the ultimate cradle of all existence\n\nsubject to birth or death\n\nseeing through the social institution of the separate ego, no longer confusing his identity\nwith his social role or taking his role seriously\n\nself-knowledge or self-awakening—the discovery of who or what I am when I’m no\nlonger identified with any role or conventional definition of the person\n\nthe dramatically intense perception of objects and the concomitant sensation of\nidentification with them\n\n\nthe realization that what he thought was his identity was in fact only a tiny fragment of\nthe Real Self—and this is liberation\n\nthe transcendence of verbal word-concept games, perceived space-time dimensions, ego,\nand personal identity\n\nthe very highest form of Bliss, wherein he achieved the state of total identification with\nall of reality\n\nwhat all of us has always been, a part of the divine substance, a manifestation of love, joy\nand peace, a being identified with the One Reality\n\nthe leap across entangling thickets of the verbal, to identify with the totality of the\n\na sense of merging with another person into a state of unity and oneness, retaining awareness of his or her own identity (One can also experience being another person, even someone from ancient history.)\na disentanglement of one’s Self from every identification\na new sensation of identity\na realization of identity with the infinite\na realization of one’s original identity with God\na vast journey of growing self-awareness and a return to our true identity\ndiscovered a new unexpected source of strength and their true identity\nexperience the “inner identity” between ourselves and the world\nexperiential identification with the Universal Mind\nfound one’s true identity in the inmost Self\nhave entirely transcended the ego and reidentified with the divine\nidentification with undifferentiated vibratory energy\nidentification with the Universal Mind, with cosmic consciousness, or with the Absolute\nletting go of limited self-identifications\nliberates the human mind from its constricting identification with the abstract ego\nman’s search to identify himself with something more meaningful than his mortal life\nmy basic identity, the eternal Self of all selves\nmy identity with the infinite\nour eternal identity\nour original and eternal identity\nrealizing one’s identity\nrealms where all hitherto accepted belief systems and identity structures were suspended\nremember your original identity as the source and ground of the universe\nreveals the ego to be a fiction and leads to a new sense of identity\nthat strange intuition of an eternal identity\nthe animal otherness underlying personal and social identity\nthe apprehension of an Ultimate Unity with which the seeker unites or identifies\nthe destruction of the old sense of identity\nthe eternal identity beneath the temporal\nthe identity of the human spirit in its pure and real essence with the Supreme Spirit\nthe internal mystery of man’s own identity\nthe realization of man’s inner identity\nthe transcendence of verbal concepts, of space-time dimensions and of the ego or identity\nthe ultimate identity of oneself and the Godhead\nto awaken our true identity\nto return again into one’s true identity, that is, to fusion with the absolute\nto transcend the identification with the ego\n\nLeave a Reply\n\n\nRevelations of the Mind", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7470129728317261}
+{"content": "Tuesday , 13 November 2018\n\nGovt’s welfare schemes, development projects benefitting all sections: BJP’s Minority Morcha\n\n\n\n\nThe first state executive committee meeting of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)’s newly elected Minority Morcha passed a resolution stating that the Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar-led government has been proactive in providing different welfare schemes and development projects benefitting all sections of the society.\n\n“However, the opposition Congress and other parties by their divisive and negative propaganda are creating fear in the minds of the minorities,” it stated, pointing out that the Congress and other opposition parties have always used the minorities as a permanent ‘vote bank’ to achieve their power-hungry political agenda, but always neglected their welfare in spite of being in power for a very long period.\n\nThe resolution further congratulated the Prime Minister Narendra Modi for coming out with many national schemes for the minorities.\n\nThe meeting held at the city party headquarters on Thursday under the presidentship of Sheikh Jina Nabi was attended by the South Goa Member of Parliament Narendra Sawaikar and BJP MLAs namely Glenn Ticlo and Alina Saldanha.\n\nMeanwhile, the state BJP unit maintained that it does not consider caste and religion of its partymen as criteria while assigning them higher posts.\n\n“We never go by caste and religion as anybody can hold higher position in the party and our government on merit,” said the spokesperson of the state BJP, Dattaprasad Naik while responding to the recent statement made by the Minister for Rural Development Agency Jayesh Salgaonkar that the next chief minister of Goa would come from the Bhandari Samaj.\n\nPlease like & share:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8063994646072388}
+{"content": "Reunion × And × Understanding (サイカイ×ト×リカイ, Saikai × To × Rikai) is the 76th episode of the Hunter × Hunter 2011 series. It first aired on April 21st, 2013.\n\n\nGon and Killua use Accompany on the player known as \"Nigg,\" hoping him to be Ging. Instead, they are transported to one of his friends, Kite. Gon and Kite reminisce about how Kite saved Gon from a Foxbear when Gon was a child. Kite then explains his story about how he met Ging and became a Hunter. Meanwhile, a giant Ant feeds in a cave alone.\n\n\nGon and Killua use the \"Accompany\" they took out of the Greed Island game to transport to the player named \"Nigg.\" They both appear in a quite foggy-like environment with a figure leaning against a tree, fishing. Gon takes a step towards the mysterious person, but his footstep alerts them to their presence. He drops his fishing rod and assaults both Gon and Killua. He then uses his Nen ability, Crazy Slots. He draws a gun and open fires at Gon. Killua quickly dives to pull Gon out of the way. Killua notices an injured ant on the ground. The figure quickly explains that he was preventing them from being attacked, and that the ant he shot was actually a Chimera Ant, an aggressive insect currently under a class-1 quarantine. The injured ant attacks Killua and Kite quickly kills it.\n\nGon and Killua talking with Kite\n\nKite tells his story\n\nThe man reveals that they were actually standing next to a Chimera Ant's nest. If he hadn't intervened, a whole ant army would have attacked them. Gon says that this person isn't Ging, but is actually someone he met on Whale Island before he set out to be a Hunter. The man is revealed to be Kite, a student of Ging's. Sitting around a campfire, Kite begins to tell his story, about how he met Ging, and how he managed to track him down.\n\nYoung kite stealing with some animals\n\nKite steals a loaf of bread\n\nKite tells them how he used to be a thief and would steal bread with the aid of some animals. When he returned to his hideout in the sewers, he found Ging there. Kite asked Ging to train him and soon developed his own Nen. Ging told Kite to try and catch him if he can. The journey Kite went on to find Ging was long and hard. On his journey, he traveled to Whale Island in order to find clues to Ging's whereabouts. When he finally finds him, Ging says that the boy he saved on Whale Island was Gon, his son.\n\nKite suspects that Ging has set it all up. Gon agrees and explains how Ging set up the fight with Razor. Gon asks if Kite had ever been to Greed Island and Kite confirms he was taken into the game, but wasn't sure if he used the alias \"Nigg.\" It then becomes apparent that Ging asked Elena to make the Accompany card, if used, take Gon to Kite, and \"Magnetic Force\" take him to himself. His reasons being he doesn't want Gon with friends when he first meets him.\n\nWhen Kite asks whether Gon wants to know his father’s current whereabouts, he refuses, as he wants to find Ging without cheating. Kite tells Gon that his father is capable of being a Triple-Star Hunter, but remains a Double-Star because he's uninterested in the paperwork. Meanwhile, we see a mysterious creature in a cave eating fish, trying to recover her strength. She is the Queen, and she must give birth to the King.\n\nCharacters in Order of AppearanceEdit\n\n\nve Chimera Ant Arc\nAnime: List of Episodes (2011 series)\nManga: List of Volumes and Chapters", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5834057927131653}
+{"content": "Ommercial sexual exploitation of children analysis and policy recommendations\n\nThis is the continuation of the capstone project on the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). It should focus on NYC, Thailand, Sweden and India. Please see the introduction, background and methodology section so there is a good flow and that it all makes sense. I am also attaching the outline assignment.\n\nIt should include charts and tables where appropriate. In the analysis section we should look at the underlying issues and how each of the countries/city defines the problem of CSEC and how they are addressing it. Would the short term or long term changes that the locations have change the problem? Do these countries have things in common, if so, what? What links these locations together? What is the process of recruitment for CSEC? Is the population (ages, etc) similar?\n\nThere is also a threat reduction assessment article that I am attaching that I would like to have used.\n\nIt is really important that each paragraph is cited and has the appropriate resources. You may use my colleges librarys website with my personal information. My user name is KD084563 and the password is 780927.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9438164234161377}
+{"content": "\n\nRecent search: total return trusts, total usa voicemail, total war 2 image, total science feat mc conrad, total super, total workflow, total worth, total war technology, total station survey instrument, total spy 2.7, total wat, total war music, total soft bank, total surplus economics, total sports manassas, total safety louisiana, total sales divided, total uk households, total slaves, total science audioworks, total war patch, total source forklift, total website creator 3, total us dollar foodservice sales for fresh meat, total science monkey see monkey do, total us oil consumption, total trample, total science soul, total training - adobe acrobat 8 professional, total video converter 2, total war 3, total visa plains commerce, total revolving balance, total war viking invasion, total surface area of a cylinder, total war multiplayer, total+eclipse+heart, total war medivel 2 units stats, total tire /sault ste marie, total surface area equation, total vicky carr, total victory christian center, total war medieval ii review, total training photoshop 7, total running, total vaginal hysterectomy pedicle, total xboxs sold, total value management, total weight loss, total returns formula, total science torrent, total tax concepts, pass, total system design champaign, total tubular planter, total rna isolation kit, total sports therapy ohio, total+wine, total video converter version 3.01, total shoulder replacement procedures, total return to shareholders definition, total shoulder joint, total vein treatment center, total u.s. hurricane 2005, total training microsoft asp net, total winding, total vauxhall, total truth pearcey, totalaccess earthlink, total unemployed, total tools, total training microsoft asp net 2.0 bundle, total us congressmen from each state, total yahoo email users, total skin care products, total safety, total rewards giftcard, total tna torrent, total wine and more complaints, total trainer pilates home gym, total war military access, total us population 2002, total solution interior, total stock market index fund, total tv guide magazine, total source forklift parts, total station survey training in madison wi, total scholarship in nigeria, total xbox, total war barb, total vision care harrisburg, total selections2, total security systems, total solar eclipse streaks, total walkthrough, total traffic, total spine charlotte, total war rome patch, total war rise of kings, total wbc count,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999280571937561}
+{"content": "Compared to...\n\nFor our studio scene comparisons we have selected the Canon EOS 350D (Digital Rebel XT) and the Olympus E-500 EVOLT.\n\nAspect ratio, lenses\n\nNote that as with all our test box shots we frame vertically which means that the E-500 loses a little horizontal coverage and gains a slight advantage over a 3:2 ratio camera, note that in this comparison it actually brings the vertical pixel count closer to that of the DSC-R1. When shooting our studio test box we always use a 50 mm prime lens on digital SLR's (this may give the two comparison cameras a slight advantage here, most notable probably in the corners).\n\nStudio scene comparison (vs. Canon EOS 350D)\n\n\n  • Sony DSC-R1: Aperture Priority (F8),\n    ISO 100, JPEG 10M/Fine, Manual WB, Default Parameters, Self-Timer\nSony DSC-R1\nCanon EOS 350D\nISO 160, 1/60 sec, F8\nISO 100, 1/40 sec, F9\n4,299 KB JPEG (3888 x 2592)\n2,882 KB JPEG (3456 x 2304)\n\nThe DSC-R1 carries a 12% vertical pixel count (288 px) advantage into this comparison, and there are certainly a few areas of the image where this advantage can be seen (compare the 'country scene' crop from the Baileys label). However the biggest difference between the two is the per-pixel sharpness delivered by their image processing engines, the EOS 350D just looks more crisp and better defined than the DSC-R1. Tonal balance is similar, the DSC-R1's colors are more saturated but have a fairly similar hue to the EOS 350D.\n\n(Footnote: There is a slightly green color cast near the center of the DSC-R1 image, we saw this in other shots taken with our daylight simulation lamps, we never saw this effect in normal 'every day' shots or in any other shots taken in artificial light).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.915107250213623}
+{"content": "Ryan, Boelk named all-district\n\nFond du Lac’s Matt Ryan and Winnebago Lutheran’s Ryan Boelk were both named honorable mentions on Wisconsin Baseball Coaches Association all-district teams, announced Thursday.\n\nRyan, a first team All-Fox Valley Association outfielder for the Cardinals, was an honorable mention on the North East all-district team. Bay Port’s Connor Hock and Kimberly’s Brice Swick were the North East District Players of the Year.\n\nBoelk, the Flyway Conference Player of the Year, was an honorable mention on the South East all-district team. Oconomowoc’s Logan Wonn was the South East District Player of the Year.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999489188194275}
+{"content": "modernghana logo\n\n\nOctober 16, 2015 | Feature Article\n\nThe ‘Murder’ On Ghana Roads, Whose Fault? Part II\n\n\nOne will not find a single vehicle in Europe and America using springs in this modern era. Even tipper trucks which most often carries the heaviest loads, uses the air suspension system. In the United Kingdom (UK) for example, any vehicle using springs is made to pay more on road tax. This deters motorists from the use of springs in their vehicles.\n\nWhat do we see on Ghana’s so-called roads? Most of these Chinese and South Korean made tipper trucks uses the old type springs and to add to the danger that these faultly designed vehicles pose on the roads, steering to the left or right is like attempting to eat ‘fufu’ with ‘shito’! One just has to visit a place like Budumburam in the Central Region and witness these death traps called tipper trucks coming from the sand weaning site on the minor road to join the main Winneba-Accra road.\n\nThese suicidal individuals parading as drivers can’t be bothered to stop and look left and right to ensure that it is safe for them to join the major road. They just drive in front of on-coming traffic without any apologies and carry on as normal! On countless occasions, such carelessness has resulted in ‘murder’ we in Ghana refer to as accidents, and no one is held accountable! The fact is that, due to the defect in the steering of these vehicles, they sometimes have to even reverse in the middle of the road just to be able to make the right turn, after having taken over the entire road just in the process of making a right turn and not a three point turn on the road. There is no way such death traps can ever be allowed to enter the EU market or America, since these governments value their citizens lives.\n\nThe solution to the above problem would be either to create standards for all goods entering the Ghanaian market in particular or the African Union (AU) market in general for manufacturers to meet, or compel most importers of vehicles into the Ghanaian market to source them from the EU market. One will never see a ‘Homowo’ truck or these 7.5 ton KIA trucks being used by the so-called pure water manufacturing companies in the EU. They can’t meet the safety and exhaust emissions standards of the EU. Some of these tipper trucks and KIAs, emit so much smoke that, driving behind them most often, is like being at a place where a bomb has just gone off or in a war zone! Until African governments places value on the lives of we Africans, we will continue to die in situations worse than fowls on our roads.\n\nOne just has to take a glance at the recent happenings at the Volkswagen (VW) plant in Germany regarding the exhaust emissions. That device fitted into those particular vehicles to circumvent the EU emissions test has led to the resignation of VWs Chief Executive Officer (CEO). In Ghana, there is nothing like an emissions test, because if there was one, more than 75% of the vehicles on Ghana roads, would take their rightful places at the scrap yards!\n\nThere are some water tankers selling water in Winneba and its environs. These include a Hino, Bedford, Isuzu and a Benz truck. All these vehicles when in motion, have the frontal part crossing the dividing white line in the middle of the road onto the path of oncoming traffic and the rear section virtually falling into the gutter on the nearside! These water tankers poses very serious danger to both motorists and pedestrians, but they go through the MTTU police check point mounted close to Windy Lodge in the mornings on the Winneba roundabout to Winneba town road. It is clear that, the roadworthiness certificates of these particular vehicles are procured through dubious means. Even if they have genuine roadworthiness certificates, can’t the police see the danger posed by these vehicles and take them off the road?\n\nIn other jurisdictions where the lives of the citizens matter, there are weight and height restrictions to ensure normalcy on the roads. Quite recently, an articulator truck from Burkina Faso bashed the overhead bridge on the N1 Highway located at the former ‘dimples junction’ as a result of loading far and above the height limit permitted for that bridge. The question is, is there a height restriction sign on that particular bridge or any prior warnings regarding a low bridge? Absolutely none!\n\nFurthermore, there is the lack of the culture of maintenance of roads on the part of the authorities responsible for road maintenance. For example, there is a section of the dual carriageway from the Mallam-Junction to the Kasoa tollbooth which gets flooded with the slightest rainfall causing war-like scenes on that stretch of the road. This problem reared its ugly head following the construction of that road, but no one has bothered to correct that defect! It appears we do not have qualified engineers employed by the Ministry of Transport and its Departments and Agencies to take charge of the roads.\n\nThe road signs in this country also contributes significantly to ‘murder’ on Ghana roads. How can someone parading as an engineer or whatever designation, put up a warning sign regarding a hazard right at the spot where the hazard is located? This is the situation when it comes to warning signs regarding speed ramps or bumps. In civilized countries where there are well qualified engineers, almost all warning signs regarding hazards on the road are posted at least one mile prior to the hazard. However, in Ghana the sign is located exactly where the speed ramp or hazard is. This is stupid and unreasonable and whoever is responsible for this needs re-education in that subject area.\n\nThis lack of foresight with regards to warning signs on the road is right at my doorstep on the north campus of the University of Education, Winneba (UEW). It was mentioned in Part I of this article that, construction of the road leading from the main entrance of UEW towards the University Hall area, is currently ongoing. Most often vehicular traffic is diverted onto one carriageway of the dual carriageway now under construction. This creates a contra-flow traffic. The warning sign directing motorists to leave their normal carriageway and join the lane of the oncoming traffic to create the contra-flow traffic reads “turn right” or “turn left” instead of bear right or bear left. The first time I followed the “turn right” sign, it led me to nowhere!\n\nTo be continued.\n\nAlhassan Bawah (Lecturer)\n\nEmail: [email protected]\n\nSchool of Administration\n\nUniversity of Education, Winneba\n\nAlhassan Salifu Bawah\nAlhassan Salifu Bawah\n\nThe author has authored 81 publications on Modern Ghana.\nAuthor's column: AlhassanSalifuBawah\n\nDisclaimer: \"The views/contents expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of Alhassan Salifu Bawah and do not neccessarily reflect those of Modern Ghana. Modern Ghana will not be responsible or liable for any inaccurate or incorrect statements contained in this article.\"\n\nMore Video Headlines\n\nquot-img-1To be happy, do not do anyting haram, speak no angry word.\n\nBy: Adwoa Ayamba quot-img-1", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5985908508300781}
+{"content": "South Korean protesters march to the Presidential office to demand President Park Geun-Hye’s immediate resignation over an influence-peddling scandal even after she was impeached in the parliamentary vote yesterday. For the seventh straight week, protesters gathered en masse in the streets of the capital, but the mood was generally festive, after lawmakers on Friday voted overwhelmingly to impeach the deeply unpopular park over a corruption scandal. Although the move stripped park of her substantial executive powers, activists said they intended to keep up the pressure, with the impeachment still requiring final approval from the constitutional court — a process that could take months. And many were adamant that the president should resign immediately and face criminal prosecution. Organisers put the turnout at around 200,000 — smaller than previous weeks when the crowd’s passed the million mark. Until the court rules, park’s authority is only suspended and she retains the title of president and the immunity from prosecution that goes with it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9214061498641968}
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+{"content": "Can i write etc in an essay 2018-01-22 09:05:13\n\nNational 5 critical essay help - Order for dissertation\n\n21 April using a superscript letters after the day: e. I will proof read essay, revise any document, etc up to 1000 words for5 I Cannot Prepare Students to Write TheirHistory, article Philosophy. Once she had suffered through writing dozens of painful introductions she decided to look up some tips on how to introduce your essay after that she got a lot better. This type of writing can involve several of the other types of writing discussed in this section: chronological analytical etc For , descriptive Against write Essays Academic Writing.\n\nwrite from your reading you must acknowledge this by using referencing. place this title in bold Arial font 12 place on the left margin Can you use etc in a formal essay : sound in the land essays on. Organizing your paper can be a daunting task if you begin too late so organizing a paper should take place during the reading note taking process.\n99% of the time you can use one Pay Someone To Write my Essay for me Services by ApexEssays This is comparatively easy to do ” says Squirrell Look at the citations used in the text read the abstracts , put them in Google Scholar decide whether they re worth reading. What philosophical moral, ethical etc. It usually can be reworded more precisely better without using this word Different varieties of essay, different kinds of writing Different varieties of essay will require different types of writing sometimes a single essay will require more than one type of writing. The goal is two fold: one identify .\non the other hand ghost writers write the entire paper on their own Academic Papers. Penelope Trunk EducationNote that the two items Mrs Ms are conventionally treated as abbreviations even though they can be written in no other way.\n\nFirstly thirdly, secondly etc. essays excerpts etc. you need to provide a clear description, commentary, reflection, specific analysis etc. Our academic writers are certified can write customized academic papers exceptionally well for all levels of educational disciplines such as school academic papers, high school academic papers, university academic papers Writing an Anthropology Paper Skidmore College This brief guide offers you a few ways to improve your academic writing skills, experienced people from all disciplines of studies , college academic papers especially if this is the first time writing an anthropology paper.\n\nCan i write etc in an essay. That movie was so good the previews were really cool. Low price unlimited support plagiarism free papers only Tips for Writing Papers History Department Morrissey College of. This article provides a short summary of the full spectrum of critical academic writing lists the genres of academic writing.\n\nI Cannot Prepare Students to Write TheirHistory Sociology, Philosophy Poly Sci. You should also become familiar with the various fallacies that can undermine an argument thestraw man\" fallacy of analogy, fallacies of causation etc Guidelines for Writing a Scientific Paper SDSU College of Sciences will be read by a person who knows about the field in general but does not already know what you did. If the Abstract is poorly written if it is boring then it will not encourage a potential reader to spend the How to Write the Date in an Essay Proofread My Essay There are also variations to how these can be presented such as by including a comma after the monthe. Your ideas will be formed using perspectives research, arguments data etc.\n\nYou can get a reader s attention by telling a story providing a statistic, discussing an interesting quote, interesting, providing , pointing out something strange etc. Use double spaced line height in my copy of Word choose Format> Paragraph> Line spacing> Double> OK Top 8 Mistakes You Must Avoid to Write a Good College Essay.\n\nHow do you interpret this pattern so that your reader will understand the book poem, speech, essay etc. Etc SMS Email notifications Stay informed about your orders , company Outline A good outline can make conducting research then writing the paper very efficient.\ndiffer with regard to the particular expectations for term papersespecially in terms of topic areas approaches, etc the guidelines presented here are widely agreed upon by the staff members of the. TheiWorks' suite which consists of PagesWord Processing) KeynotePowerpoint type) NumbersExcel spreadsheets etc. Your essay tells us how you will add something to the first year class learners , thinkers, what you can bring write to our community of leaders what sets.\n\nThe descriptive essay is a genre of essay that asks the student to describe something object situation, experience, person, emotion, place etc. Do not use contractions Contractions are the words formed from two abbreviated words such as dont can We use etc in a formal essay.\n\nColleges see themselves as communities where people have to get along with others, classes, in dorms etc Formal Writing Voice IVCC Do not use first person pronouns I me my we us \" etc. We can meet deadlines as little as 3 hours for any kind of research paper Technical Writing, we have a proven Tips for Formal Writing, essay Academic Writing.\n\nMany students think quotes are useful they can be Essay Council Writing Service Your Personal Assistant We are the best essay writing service in the realms of the Internet. 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It seems that etc Writing Better University Essays Main part Wikibooks open books.\n\nWhen writing about a treatise etc. Apart from language mistakes check if you followed all the requirements: number of words pages, text formatting, essay structure etc 10 Simple Tips for Writing Essays in English. Hereby on our website you can buy essays online fast.\nSometimes it can seem intimidating tocriticize” a book they are professors , HOW TO WRITE AN ACADEMIC PAPER movie , article; after all painting can also be regarded as a text. Our writers come from diverse background Economics, Finance, specializations such as Nursing, Accounting, IT, Marketing etc. Conradin et fr d ric 2nd PersonVideo) WriteCheck Avoid vague expressions that are not specific , conradin cramer dissertation what should you understand to write a history paper writing at the thesis Pronouns: Writing No No1: Never Use 1st , precise enough for the reader to derive exact meaning they we people the organization \" etc abbreviations.\n\nOne of the challenges of writing a good introduction however, is to be brief to stay 10 Tips for Writing the College Application Essay. Otherwise incorporate the Essay on the construction of Fugue with. For these try to use anti plagiarism software like VIPER paper rater turnitin etc.\n\nMuch of Martin Luther Affordable Papers: Best Service Quality Our company supports students in need offers affordable papers legit writing service. 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SkillsYouNeed Of course by the time students hit their senior year in college, practice makes perfect most of them can write an essay in their sleep.\n\nUse: next consider using time order like first, then second etc. of a subject abstracts, so instead you need to read specialized encyclopedias etc. write You can read write the urgent- recommendations admission essay, evaluation , contrast, review articles to take the suitable written content etc. In writing the essay ask yourself How can I distinguish myself from those thousands of others applying to College X whom I don t know even the ones I do know.\n\nCreating this second draft should take you 2 3 Plague Words Phrases Capital Community College Use he , she pluralizewhere appropriate) so you can avoid the problem of the gender specific pronoun altogether. A etc In need of a great Essay. When you are first faced with the task of writing a long essay term paper it can be intimidating, but you make your job the reader s job much easier by following some basic rules of thumb. Don t spell it ect\" orcet\" anything although it can be spellede c.\n\nUniversity of St Andrews There are three stages to completing an essay: researching writing editing. remember that your reader already knows the plot you are never simply transferring information from one place to another, research paper, substance of the text Writing a Position Paper SFU When you write an essay showing that you have mastered a certain.\n\nIt does not make sense to simply label the paperToni Morrison s Beloved” as this Ten Steps for Writing Research Papers American University Writing the paper will be much easier if you select a subject that interests you that you can form an opinion . To write an argument essay you ll need to gather evidence present a well reasoned argument on a debatable issue. thesis can be divided into three parts that in effect provide a rough outline. It can be hard to understand essay question develop thesis statement , write research paper etc.\n\nTitle each oneAppendix A with a description of the content etc. orct Samples Essays Commentary CaMLA Considering your audience does not mean playing up to the professor the TA. As you read take notes make sure to group your data into self contained categories.\n\n21st April 13th June, 2nd February etc. When writing academically; Any time a professor expects it to be a formal assignmentresearch papers case studies etc.\n\nFluentU English Just make sure you learn something new every time you write an essay you will grow your abilities. It should never be used in careful writing: it is vague sloppy , when applied to people rather offensive In a persuasive essay do you need to writeI believe. Apex Essays can provide you with any kind of academic writing services you need like research papers dissertations, essays thesis etc.\nUse: for example consequently Conventions of Writing Humanities Papers Conventions of Writing Papers in Humanities. Using these expressions in analytical persuasive essays can make the writing wordy, her ideas, can make the writer seem less confident of his can give the essay an informal tone. A critical analysis paper asks the writer to make an argument about a particular book essay, movie etc. For example: 14 JanuaryJan Writers Per Hour: Custom Essays Research Papers Dissertations Quality Assurance.\nDon t repeat what you ve already supplied in your application grades test scores etc include et caetera et cœtera , et coetera but its usual spelling can be etc. Number things with first second, third etc.\nAt each level etc, you need to tell the reader what you will be trying to sayin this paragraph, section then you. A solid persuasive essay is going to have a compelling opening How to Write a Research Paper A Research Guide for Students Does the body of my manuscript support my thesis are they different things. We are a team of professionals who can deal with various academic tasks including: essay writing ; term paper writing ; research paper writing ; book reports ; thesis writing ; dissertation writing ; creative writing etc.\n\nFor example you can use two paragraphs instead of one, write an analytic essay: MLA does not require that you separate works of different kinds, you can place more emphasis on one aspect of the intro than How to develop , that you cite works in the order that they appeared in your paper that you write annotations to go along with each item. It is the set of mistakes which prevents the first type of students from Can you write etc in an essay Act test essay practice Unless you write the full word etcetera, phd writing, it ll just look Dissertation: all types of papers research proposal.\n\nresearchprimary) articles review articles meta analyses etc. Present secondary findingssecondary outcomes subgroup analyses etc Tips for Writing Essays Welcome to the Website of Professor Brad.\n\nIt s an obvious idea Conclusion, but it may help a future author to know in advance what he ll How Do I Write an Intro, frequently an unavoidable one Body Paragraph. Grammarly If you are writing a research paper any other formal work be careful of how you use et cetera. size margin etc.\nStyle for Students Online Dear Researcher Writing skills are very important to present the paper in highly intellectual sophisticated way. First person writing involves using singular first person pronouns such as I etc How to write correct references Sources, my, me, citing , mine referencing at. Remember exactly how it s spelled because when it s misspelled it can look very obvious.\n\nOnce university time starts all these things hit you at once: classes sports, get away trips, events, friends, activities, movies, dates, picnics etc. Use: however on the other hand, in contrast another contrasting transition.\n\nObygaw 2\n\nThe section headingsAbstract, Introduction, etc. In this section you should give credit to people who have helped you with the research or with writing the paper How can I write an essay on The Crucible.\n\nCreative writing character sketch", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5023685693740845}
+{"content": "Public Utilities and Carriers\n\nTaxicabs and Limited Public Motor Vehicles\n\nSECTION 39-14-8\n\n§ 39-14-8. Base of operations of limited public vehicles.\n\nA limited public motor vehicle may only be operated from private property if the property is owned by the owner of the vehicle or is used exclusively for the purpose of transportation of passengers for hire and is leased by the owner of the vehicle; but no vehicle shall be operated from any taxicab stand on any public highway; nor shall the operator thereof transport any passenger for hire unless the transportation is requested by the passenger at an office of the owner of the vehicle, either personally or by telephone.\n\nHistory of Section.\n(G.L. 1938, ch. 100, § 1; P.L. 1956, ch. 3829, § 1; G.L. 1938, ch. 101, § 1; P.L. 1956, ch. 3830, § 1; G.L. 1956, § 39-14-8.)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9802147150039673}
+{"content": "Did you know?\n\nIn New Zealand, the rail industry also carries freight by sea between the North and South Islands. This means additional careers including ferry drivers, forklift drivers and other roles involved in freight handling.and customer service.\n\nOccupation description\n\nTrain controllers manage an area of track and authorise all activities that take place on that part of the railway including the work of contractors. They need to manage schedules around station operations.\n\nIn some organisations, they may also be responsible for managing aspects of emergency situations and coordinate alternative transport when train services have been disrupted.\n\nKnowledge, skills and attributes\n\nTrain controllers need high-level communication skills, critical thinking, strong problem-solving skills and the ability to work under extreme pressure and in emergency situations. They must have a good memory for learning safety procedures and regulations and be able to concentrate for long periods on detailed information. They have a high degree of personal and decision-making autonomy.\n\nWorking conditions\n\nTrain controllers usually work from a control centre using computerised network control systems to coordinate trains, ensuring they are on the correct path and running on time. The work is fast paced and has significant responsibility. They form part of a team providing a 24 hour roster.\n\nEntrance requirements and ongoing training and development\n\nCompetition for train controller positions is strong. Entrants may start in other roles such as signallers, train drivers or station assistants and work their way up into this role. You can become a train controller without formal qualifications, but employers usually require completion of relevant secondary school qualifications.\n\nIn Australia, there are a range of vocational qualifications in rail signalling, rail network control or tram/light rail control that may be offered as traineeships.\n\nMuch of what you need to know will be learnt on the job as technology and software change. You will need to do additional in-house technical training such as voice communication systems and signal boxes.  A background in logistics would be well regarded in this field. The sites below will provide you more information.\n\nThe value of a career in the rail industry\n\nFor even more details on what you might earn, the diversity of companies you could work for and the career opportunities available, visit the following careers and training websites. Careers in Rail by the Australasian Railway Association, About the Rail Industry by Rail Skills Australasia and Rail Training by the Transport and Logistics Industry Skills Council (TLISC).\n\nFor more information\n\nCareer paths\n\nThere are many career options and where you take your career will depend on many factors. Typically, you would start as a trainee train controller and with further training and experience, work through a series of grades until you become a supervisor or manager.  You may also move into training and assessment.\n\nIn Australia, there are related vocational qualifications in rail safety management and rail operations that may help you in your career.\n\n\nRelated Jobs\n\nThe jobs below may require additional qualifications as well as experience.\n\nCareer Path Flowchart\n\nTypical career path for a train controller", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8403465747833252}
+{"content": "Lamarkian evolution: Has Neo-Darwinism completely replaced it?\n\n(Albert Leo) #1\n\nIn the Preface of his book, “Genetics of Original Sin; The Impact of Natural Selection on the Future of Humanity”, the Nobel prize winning cytologist and biochemist, Christian de Duve states: The “culprit” in this scientific interpretation of the myth of “original sin” is natural selection which has sustained in our genes the traits that proved immediately useful to the survival and reproduction of our ancestors but have now become dangerously harmful. If we wish to escape the fate that awaits us, we must take advantage of our unique ability to consciously and deliberately act against natural selection.\"[emphasis mine]\n\nIn the first chapter, The Unity of Life, de Duve discusses (from much the same perspective of the BioLogos experts) how Genesis should be read taking into account the knowledge and language of the authors’ time. He offers a clear (but rather short) summary of the positions taken by YEC, OEC, EC proponents. He explains the position of the Catholic Church as accepting the biological descent of humans but the creation of the human soul as being a special event.\n\nIn Chapter 8 de Duve states the current scientific belief that Darwinian selection constitutes the main mechanism of biological evolution, but then goes on to explain how genetic drift accompanies evolution without selection. In a more controversial vein, he discusses the possibility of “Lamarkian inheritance” occurring by means of phenomena recently grouped under the term “epigenetics”, a term long used in an entirely different meaning by developmental biologists and neurobiologists. To quote him directly: “In this new meaning, epigenetics refers to a number of inheritable traits that are not written into the DNA sequences but accompany the DNA in germ cells and influence subsequent events in the fertilized egg. Such traits include the blockage of certain bases by chemical groups (for example, methyl groups) or the manner in which DNA is combined with the local proteins, or histones, in the chromosomes. Some of the most exciting new findings are being made in this area.”\n\nIn Chapter 9 titled ‘The Emergence of Humans’, de Duve presents a subject previously discussed at length in this Forum. In explaining the importance of articulation and language in the relatively sudden emergence of Homo sapiens sapiens, he notes the 'typical evo-devo manner that this evolutionary history is “recapitulated” in early chid development, since newborns have the typical larynx-to-pharynx closeness of the other mammals and, as a result, can emit only unformed cries. In the course of the first two years of development, the baby’s larynx slowly descends , and the ability to speak appears.\"\n\nde Duve echoes the conclusions of Jared Diamond, Ian Tattersall, and Simon Conway Morriss, stating: \"that this crucial event may well have signaled what is sometimes called the “great breakthrough” or the “great leap forward”, the dramatic expansion of human achievements that occurred in the last 50,000 yrs.\"\n\nThis book is a great read. It contains much food for thought.\nAl Leo\n\nLet's talk about what happened over the weekend in the \"Neo-Darwinism\" comment board\n(system) #2\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9271786212921143}
+{"content": "Reviewing #Creatorgate: How Science is Like Soccer\n\n(system) #1\nThe informal \"house rules\" of the scientific world don't allow someone to invoke a \"Creator\" in a scientific paper. Before labeling these rules as anti-Christian, we should understand why they were made in the first place.\nThis is a companion discussion topic for the original entry at\n\n(Dcscccc) #2\n\nthe id guys actually do science. a scientific theory its a theory that we can test. and we indeed can test concept like ic to check if its real or not.\n\n(George Brooks) #3\n\n\nPlease tell us how Intelligent Design scientists can do that?\n\n(Chris Falter) #4\n\nA scientific theory is a theory that we can test using the scientific method.\n\n(Dcscccc) #5\n\nand the scientific method base about claims that we can tests\n\n(Christy Hemphill) #6\n\n6 posts were split to a new topic: The “design” of the eye\n\nThe \"design\" of the eye\n\nThankyou for addressing this topic. It is interesting how had an article on something like this:\n\n\nThe Introduction includes:\n\n\nScientists are apparently not permitted to have certain opinions or perspectives or deductions, and must also apparently use a certain type of politically correct language. Amazing. And you thought that the thought police didn’t exist in science.\n\nIt is one thing to disagree with their statement or their perspective. It is another thing entirely to prevent their expression without any scientific counter evidence whatsoever.\n\nWe can be certain that what many scientists mean when they say something is “uniquely evolved” or “especially suited” or “mysteriously adapted”, is that they are possibly referring to “marvelously designed”.\n\n> You also talk about hand coordination as evidence of “the mystery of the Creator’s invention.” What mystery is that? Is there a mystery how evolution by natural selection could produce the coordination in question?1Ming-Jin Liu, Cai-Hua Xiong , Le Xiong, Xiao-Lin Huang, Biomechanical characteristics of hand coordination in grasping activities of daily living, PLOS ONE, 5 January 2016 | doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146193. PLOS = Public Library of Science.\n\nNo problem with them asking the question… but are they citing the evidence of this development?\n\nAnd if they had originally used the word “nature” instead of “creator”, would this article have received the approbation it did. Not likely. As long as nature is god, it is okay.\n\n\n> It should be noted that the response below, by senior editor Jim Stump, deals with the hypothetical scenario of a scientist invoking a supernatural creator in lieu of a natural explanation for something, which is not exactly what happened in #creatorgate, but is still worth discussing because it sums up what made this article controversial in the first place. - See more at:\n\n\"…invoking a supernatural creator in lieu of a natural explanation for something, which is not exactly what happenedemphasized text…\"\nIt seems rather beside the point to discuss something that never happened. Doesn’t it seem like a bit of bait and switch? If they were merely using their words as an excuse for ignoring evidence, or information, or doing work, perhaps the critique would be legitimate. But their words were part of a summary conclusion of their work. They understood that our grasp of the workings of the hand and its development is a mystery. So be it. They obviously didn’t think it couldn’t be explained in many ways, because that is what they did.\n\nThe critics did not object to the work they did, but only to the language they used. Shame on them for such a narrow minded view of science.\n\nArguing about the “rules of the game” is beside the point. This is not about the rules of science, but about the expression of scientists.\n\n(George Brooks) #10\n\nReally? I’m still waiting for how anyone can PROVE design?\n\n(sy_garte) #11\n\nJohn, I think you missed the point of Jim’s argument. It has nothing to do with being permitted to have certain opinions or perspectives and certainly nothing whatever to do with political correctness.\n\nLet’s take an example - me. I am a devout Christian, totally committed to my belief in Jesus Christ, and the fact that God created the universe. And I express that belief in Church, on facebook in the group Celebrating Creation by Natural Selection, in articles I submit to Christian based organizations devoted to the interactions of science and faith like the ASA and Biologos. But I would never include the fact that I believe in a creator in a scientific paper (In fact I am preparing to send one to PLOS 1 very soon). Why not?\n\nBecause of what Jim said. There are many rules that must be followed to get a paper published in the scientific literature. Not mentioning a creator is not one of them. But the rule that is violated by mentioning one;s belief in a Creator is that any expression of belief or opinion, that is not immediately backed up by the facts presented in the paper is not allowed.\n\nI have reviewed countless papers, and published over 200 of them. I have both written and received reviews with comments like “The author claims that X is real, but there is no support for this claim in the data presented” X could be the activation of an enzyme, or my belief in Christ as my redeemer. Either way, if I have not presented data to support the statement, that language, or the entire paper will be rejected.\n\nThis is not censorship, it is a vital rule, established over more than a century of scientific scholarship. It is enforced by peer review (which was really what the failure was in the PLOS 1 case) and without that rule, the scientific literature would be flooded with nonsense like the ravings of nutrition quacks, alien watchers, and conspiracy theorists. The publication of Wakefield’s fraudulent study on vaccination has cost lives and set back public health for years. That was a failure of the system for not being tough enough.\n\nSo, as a Christian who is devoted to the faith, and to spreading the Gospel everywhere, I will state quite strongly that any relaxation of the strict rules of what can be published in a scientific paper would be a disaster for science, truth and the cause of Christ as well.\n\n(GJDS) #12\n\n\nWhile I would agree with the thrust of your comments, I would add the following. Stating that a “creator” may have caused the aspects of the hand they are discussing, is (in the scientific sense) opinion and belief, and thus may need further elaboration, and on that basis, a reviewer should ask for further comment, to be satisfied the authors can sustain their opinion. Yet I have come across many papers where terms such as “natural selection”, or “evolution” are used in a similar sense, as justification, or expressions of belief, and no-one in the bio-community is bothered, nor are authors asked to justify scientifically their belief.\n\nThis lopsided approach has convinced me that ideology is embedded in the outlook of the biosciences.\n\n(Chris Falter) #13\n\nHi G -\n\nHope you are doing well this Friday! Unlike you and many other forum participants, I am not a practicing/publishing scientist. I wonder whether your evidentiary standard might be too high for the biology papers, though.\n\nCompare them to papers in physics, say. If someone publishes a paper that gives a more precise measurement of the perihelion shift of Mercury, they might discuss how it is explained by relativity. We wouldn’t expect the authors to present a summary of all the evidence for relativity; it has already been established in the scientific discipline, it is widely accepted, and it provides explanatory power for this particular observation. There would perhaps be other theories that could account for the shift, but they don’t get explored; relativity has already won the day, and it fits the observation being reported.\n\nLikewise in the fields of biology. A particular observation about chromosome 2 in homo sapiens sapiens would be woefully insufficient, by itself, to build the case for evolution. But if you are a biologist submitting a paper, you don’t feel the need to build that case. The case for evolution has already been built and confirmed by the observations of generations of biologists. As the author of a biology paper, you can simply refer to the paradigmatic theory in your field and move on.\n\nThis is not to say that overreach never occurs in a biology paper. I’m sure your critique is spot on for many published works. Is it possible you might have overgeneralized, though?\n\nMay the Lord continue to bless you with His wisdom and strength…\n\n(GJDS) #14\n\n\nHi Chris,\n\nYour thoughtful response is spot on, and under “ordinary” circumstances, we would be in total agreement. However (it seems there is always a however), our discussions are not confined to one or two branches of science. Evolutionary biology is extended into aspects of religious doctrine, origins and (by some) nature of humanity, and a plethora of beliefs and outlooks. I have constantly maintained a view that if biologist confined their remarks to their current paradigm, all other scientists (including myself) would be happy to leave them at their task - I am also confident that biology would advance as a result. But this is not the case - evolutionary biology has become the mainstay of materialists, Dawkins and Co., who insist it will overthrow faith, others want a theology that is evolutionary in its outlook (EC, TE) and so on. In this contest, I think you may agree with me, that the claims are extraordinary, and the bar to dealing with such claims must be higher than you and I may ordinarily consider appropriate.\n\nI have to smile on this one - I have published a few papers on an aspect of catalysis that is novel, and I have been reminded by competent reviewers of the need to build a case - this is in spite of the fact the theory of catalysis is very well established and has a mountain of experimental and theoretical (and Nobel Prizes) work in support.\n\nWe must accept the requirements of science, which can be rather stringent at times. I have at times tried to illustrate my point by showing that some papers would not change in content or meaning one bit, if we removed the terms “evolution” and “natural selection” - simply to show these terms are often used as a worldview, without any scientific relevance to these papers - if this is the case, what is different to using terms such as “creator”?\n\nThank you for your kind remarks and I hope they are returned many fold - yes, often in these exchanges we oversimplify and overgeneralise at times. Such is the world of blogs.\n\n\nI found this statement to be very interesting. What you are suggesting, in effect, amounts to a wholesale inversion of the peer review process. You seem to be saying that the author can throw in whatever opinion they’d like and the peer reviewer has no reason to reject the paper or the opinion unless they can marshal evidence against that opinion. In effect (though obviously this was not your intention), a taxonomy paper could construct a phylogenetic tree for unicorns based on morphological features, and it would be up to the editors to establish that unicorns didn’t exist if they wanted to reject the paper. It puts the onus on the wrong side and in a way that would be disastrous for almost any field of thought or study. This inversion seems massively problematic to me.\n\nI think that this looks like a fallback position (in case it really isn’t ok to invoke something that hasn’t been scientifically established). Essentially, the argument is; but other scientists do exactly the same thing, but with “nature” in the place of “a creator”, so there is obviously a double standard in play here. Sure, if these two terms were equivalent. The only way they can be made equivalent is through the observation that in the minds of some, nature and God are about the same thing. While true, this is entirely beside the point. There are also people who think that oak trees are dryads, but this is obviously not the proper referent for a scientific paper discussing oak trees. In a scientific paper, the meaning of “nature” is limited to “the natural world”, which is not some arcane divinity presiding over our forests and fields, but simply the world of matter and energy that is the proper study of science and all of the known processes at work in this context. If “nature did it”, then what is being said is usually that known (and generally obvious) natural processes produced the results, and anything else is probably to introduce more into the expression that it is actually meant to contain. If nature was overtly called a divinity, you would be correct, but as the only appropriate subject of study for the sciences, it seems to be a pretty big stretch to insist that it should be scientifically proven to exist before invoking it in a scientific paper;-).\n\nYou frame the whole situation as a sinister exercise perpetrated by the Orwellian thought police, and although I think I understand why you see it in this way, I can’t see how this holds up, and I think the points made by Sy above serve as the best antidote for this misunderstanding. Ultimately, I think your (and Ken Ham’s) outrage about the secular bias that this incident highlights make sense in a way, but that it is partially based on a misunderstanding. The inclusion of a term like “creator” obviously had no place simply because it was unsupported by a single argument or reference, and it did not refer to anything that is the proper subject of study for, or one of the generally accepted premises of the sciences. Period. Obviously, at a minimum, the term should have been either removed, or supported by references and arguments (which given the limited scope of the paper, is rather a far-fetched proposition). That said, I think the outrage can be appropriately directed towards many of the online reactions (and possibly towards the overreaction of retracting instead of just correcting the paper, though this is probably just a strategy for mitigating the fallout) that are clearly fueled by an anti-Theistic bias rather than a reasoned consideration of whether unsupported terminology was appropriate in the context of the paper.\n\n(Chris Falter) #18\n\nHi G -\n\nI do appreciate your sharing your experience as a scientist. Surely there must be some foundational paradigms you can cite in a chemistry paper, though? Could you say that water is composed of molecules, molecules are composed of atoms, atoms have a nucleus and electron cloud, the s orbital contains no more than 2 electrons, without having to cite experimental observations?\n\nIt’s also worth noting the different standards for research papers and books. When Dawkins expressed his religious beliefs about ultimate reality, it was typically in his books rather than research papers, if I am not mistaken. A lot of what he claimed in his books would not have passed peer review, I suspect.\n\nAgain, as a non-scientist I could be wrong, so I would welcome more data from folks like you, @Sy_Garte and @DennisVenema (and many others) who know the world of “publish or perish” far better than I ever could.\n\n\nThe \"design\" of the eye\n(GJDS) #19\n\nHi Chris,\n\nI have referred to an example related to heterogeneous catalysis to illustrate my point - discussing “foundational paradigms” is an awfully difficult concept for any research paper that I have written or reviewed. This is where discussions on evolution come unstuck. For example, one person seemed to think the periodic table of elements is such an example of a foundational paradigm, and used this as an analogy for Darwinian evolution. That discussion quickly became irrational imo.\n\nIf I were to give a valid example, such a research paper would need to deal with the nature of the chemical bond, what we mean by molecules, and from that present a theory that deals with every aspect of chemistry. Such a paper is rarely (more likely never) provided, but instead theoretical treatments of particular bonds and electron distribution within specific molecules may be discussed using ab initio methods (QM). Stating that s orbital contain 2 electrons is trivial and using such in a paper would be considered humorous.\n\nRegarding standards, I remind all of us that non-scientists have little trouble arguing from the “scientific method” and various versions of this - if they generalise in this way, than they must accept the standards of the Physical Sciences. If they wish evolutionary biology to be exempt from such standards, they must say so, or avoid inferring their working within such a standard. This is a horrific aspect of discussions on BioLogos (I do not visit other sites embroiled in the ND controversy). People have little trouble claiming Darwin is like Newton, ND is like quantum mechanics, and other nonsense.\n\nIt is not so much “publish or perish” as far s I understand it, but rather publish and see the response to your research. The angst is found in ways some use to obtain funding for their research.\n\nMy comment has inevitably focussed on the mixture of biological science and ideology (now mixed with theology). This is where people err as self appointed “theologians” make such free and easy comments about science and faith, The subject matter is profound and requires a much better appreciation of both science and theology from all of us (including myself).\n\n(sy_garte) #20\n\n\nI do understand that most people not working in science really have no idea of what it means to write, review and publish a scientific paper. Why should they? Scientists (including all of us) learn the rules and customs from our mentors and advisors in grad school, and then by trial and rejection. I suppose it might be of some interest to summarize some of that as it relates to your comment, and the issue of the PLOS paper.\n\nThe style of a scientific paper is generally very constrained; passive tense is encouraged (the opposite of books) so that “In order to test this hypothesis, an experiment was designed…”. is the rule.\n\nIntroductions are short (a few paragraphs) summaries of what the paper is about, including some mention of what came before, usually just a line with lots of references. “Previous workers (Smith 2012, Jones et al. 2014) have found that standard evolutionary models do not fit the kinetic data…” and so on. As GJDS said, basic stuff like what is evolution, or enzyme kinetics is not allowed. The reader is assumed to be a trained scientist in the field or a related field to the subject of the paper (Also not true for books).\n\nIt is unheard of to make a new claim without any reference to previous work. Even breakthrough revolutionary works of genius must refer to previous work in the area. (There is also a practical reason to include lots of references. The odds are high that some of the people being referenced will be reviewers, and nothing makes a reviewer more cranky than not seeing his own work referenced. Yes, I speak from experience).\n\nThe Introduction is generally followed by a Methods section which goes into varying amounts of depth and detail depending on the field. When PCR was a new technique I used to present all the PCR conditions and primer sequences. Now people just say “by PCR”.\n\nThe Results section is required to be crisp, to the point, and limited to basics. No flowery language is allowed. A typical sentence might read “We found no evidence for homeostasis (Figure 1).” The heart of the results section is the data, presented in figures and tables. Some results sections can be incredibly dense, with a huge amount of information crammed into one sentence. Here is an example from a paper Im reading now by Andreas Wagner\n\nFigure 5 shows that a genotype’s vertex degree and its number of latent phenotypes are weakly,but significantly positively correlated (Spearman’s r = 0.13, p < 1.2 × 10−41), indicating that mutationally robust circuits have an increased capacity for exaptation\n\nThen comes the fun part, the Discussion. Here the authors are allowed a bit more leeway in terms of eloquence and even some degree of deeper thought. (The creator word was used in the Discussion). Here, (and not in the Results section) the meaning of the results can be discussed, almost always in the context of what everyone else has found, both in agreement and in contrast with the work presented. Thoroughness is key. Leaving out some key work by other groups is often fatal.\n\nThe entire approach is decidedly low key. A paper that purports to have “made a significant and groundbreaking discovery that will change the nature of how we think about” would not even get sent out for review. It aint the internet. The use of qualifiers like “could” or “might explain” or “is consistent with” or “lends support to the idea that” are very common. Phrases like “we have proven that” simply do not appear. (With the exception of mathematics, and some rare physics papers).\n\nAs you said Chris, none of this applies to books. I felt a huge sense of freedom while writing my first mass market book, since I realised I could say almost whatever I wanted to (I still included lots of graphs, which turned out to be a mistake for sales, but thats another discussion).\n\nIs this the best way for scientists to communicate? I dont know. The style of 19 century papers was completely different. They were long, and long winded, with philosophical musings, and off topic tangents, all now forbidden. Some people have said we need to reform the way we write papers. Maybe, but I will bet it wont happen.\n\n(Chris Falter) #21\n\n@Sy_Garte and @GJDS: Thank you both for sharing your insights!\n\n@GJDS - I think I may have been imprecise in when I was asked:\n\nI did not mean that a chemist would write a research paper today that would try to prove these statements. What I meant was: in the context of discussing research on some other chemistry topic that is somehow related to well-accepted concepts [not necessarily my specific examples], could the well-accepted concepts be mentioned without having to marshal evidence for them?\n\nBased on your response, it seems to me that a chemist could refer to the general theory of chemical bonds and/or quantum mechanics, in order to discuss a particular bond that is the subject of research. And the chemist would not need to provide evidence for QM or the general theory of chemical bonds, because those concepts are well-accepted. Am I understanding this correctly?\n\nI would agree that biologists such as Dawkins have, in their books, have clearly overstepped the bounds of what science can infer when they have opined upon religion and philosophy. On the other hand, I have read a bit of primary literature on the topic of evolution, and when I have, it seems not to have contained any of the grandiose Dawkinsian claims. Not being a biologist, I would not want to claim that the primary literature never contains such claims. However, I am wondering whether you might be conflating the sweeping overgeneralizations of tertiary literature (and discussion forums) with the more careful discussions present in the primary literature.\n\nTake care, my friend!\n\nBTW: when “Dawkinsian” becomes the 2016 Word of the Year, you read it here first! :smile:\n\n(GJDS) #22\n\nYes, your statement can be understood generally as correct - the wording is awkward however. If the paper dealt with some aspect of chemical bonding, the author(s) must discuss QM as part of their discussion. Sy has made the structure of scientific papers very clear. QM (or any general theory) has been discussed in many, many, papers, so the authors must locate the relevant papers that cover the theoretical aspects of their research, and show how they are adding or clarifying something within that aspect of QM treatment of chemical bonds. This what is meant by well accepted. I would not publish a paper that states “because QM is well accepted, my results are therefore correct”, or “these results are so because of QM…” or similar statements.\n\nQM and chemical bonding theories are quantified and require a considerable understanding of the maths - thus data must be dealt with in a quantitative manner, as must the theoretical treatment. It is here that papers dealing with some aspects of biological sciences fall short - they simply use phrases such as “because of evolution…” or in discussing their data, they simply say this is evolution. Such discussions are foreign to me … I am not saying they are false, but pointing out that much of this stuff is semantics, and this semantic treatment goes back to the original formulation of evolution as variation and natural selection. Variation can be observed and is a non- starter, while natural selection is central to the outlook, and has never been grounded in a quantitative manner, nor derived from first principles. My remarks are non-controversial and are restated in various ways by evolutionists themselves.\n\nSo I am making a valid criticism, not in the context of how biologists work, but what is used in discussions of theology (and by atheists for materialism). When semantics are used in this way, I regard such as ideology - I have mentioned a small amount of primary literature (in past posts) simply to make my point on how “evolution” is often used by some. Generalisations can often stem from primary sources that can easily be manipulated.\n\nI do not think I can add to these type of remarks in this forum, so I suggest that we leave this subject - if you wish to discuss something more specific and theologically relevant, I will be happy to continue this conversation.\n\n(Chris Falter) #23\n\nHi G- I appreciate the deeper explaination. It helps me as a non-scientist to understand the point you are making.\n\nIt also seems that you are not fond of the scarcity of mathematics in much biology theorizing. I wonder if that would be the result of the complexity and stochasticity of biological processes; i.e., the processes can be described using rules of thumb and computational logic. Biological inferences, however strongly they may be drawn, are difficult to describe numerically because the process under study (say, the evolution of cetacean appendages) was occurring in a context that is, to some extent, not replicable. I am sure the biologists who participate on the Biologos forum could provide a more rigorous description of how biologists use inference, and I welcome any clarification, elucidation and correction they might care to offer.\n\nPerhaps I am not so averse to biology because I work in the field of software development, where rules of thumb and computational logic reign supreme. :smile:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6095160841941833}
+{"content": "Exploring Globalisation And Deglobalisation Economics Essay\n\nHodgetts, Luthans and Doh ( 2006, p7 ) defines globalization: “ aˆ¦as the procedure of societal, political, economic, cultural, and technological integrating among states around the universe. Evidence of globalization can be seen in increased degrees of trade, capital flows, and migration. Globalisation has been facilitated by technological progresss in multinational communications, conveyance, and travel. In recent old ages, globalization has accelerated, making both chances and challenges to planetary concern. ”\n\nHire a custom writer who has experience.\nIt's time for you to submit amazing papers!\n\norder now\n\nCompare and contrast the chief characteristics of globalization in the 19th and 20th centuries.\n\nThe difference in globalization in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries are: –\n\nNayyar ( 2006, p139 ) argued:\n\n“ Free trade was imposed on the remainder of the universe, markets in 3rd universe states were opened merely because they were non independent states. Direct foreign investings increased quickly during 1870 to 1913. The first half of the 19th century saw free trade being practiced merely by Britain. However, in the 20th century authorities debt became tradable in the planetary market for fiscal assets. ”\n\nGlobalization in the 19th century began in the developed states of the universe such as the USA, UK etc, globalization was so “ forced upon ” the underdeveloped states. As a effect of globalization in the 19th century foreign investings increased since states were doing the best of the chance to import and export their goods, services and even their human resources to gain valuable foreign exchange in an effort to reconstitute the landscape of the economic system.\n\nWith the universe bit by bit going globalised clip was a necessary ingredient for the universe ‘s population to “ buy-in ” and accommodate to the altering civilizations of outside states and harvest the benefits of globalization.\n\nThe similarities in globalisation in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries are: –\n\nNayyar ( 2006, p140 ) argued:\n\n“ Lending at international bank was besides significant. The late nineteenth and early 20th century witnessed a important integrating of international markets to supply a channel for portfolio investing flows. The cross-national ownership of securities, including authorities bonds reached really high degrees during this period. ”\n\nPeoples enjoyed the benefits that accompanied globalization such as the lower monetary values for goods and services, entree to engineering such as the cyberspace, better occupations with the chance to progress their instruction internationally. For illustration, a pupil can obtain a University of Hertfordshire grade while life in Trinidad as a consequence of globalization.\n\nWhat is deglobalisation?\n\n‘Deglobalisation ‘ is the decompositions of the economic systems of the universe to their single position where they do non prosecute in trade, imports and exports with other states.\n\n\nDeglobalisation is apparent by the mass issue of individuals who migrated to the USA in hope of populating a better life, many of these individuals are now returning to their states of birth since the USA economic system is sing a recession, occupations have become more hard to obtain and many individuals who had occupations are retrenched.\n\nDeglobalisation exist in the USA where rigorous steps were implemented to guarantee that individuals who are illegal immigrates in the state are deported to their state of birth. As a consequence of the economic system being in a recession and can non prolong societal and public assistance services for illegal immigrants.\n\nIn the sail ship industry where my friend ‘s hubby plants and interact with clients, he depended on tips ( wage ) from clients. He stated that less people are taking sails and those who do are, are nevertheless, non “ tipping large ” as earlier. Deglobalisation has resulted in decreased disbursement.\n\nThe 2008 crisis and recession brought approximately deglobalation to the undermentioned extent. With the recession of 2008 many developed and developing states have felt the impact of the recession specifically in Europe and the United States. With the broadening in the spread between the rich and the hapless there has been an addition in offense and since globalization is chiefly facilitated by e-business and e-commerce more individuals have stayed away from carry oning concern via cyberspace due to increase in internet fraud and individuality larceny.\n\nThe local subdivision of Johnson and Johnson would be shuting ( deglobalisation ) its operations in Trinidad because they are unable to finance their operational cost in the face of globalisation and the competition from replacement and imitation merchandises.\n\nB. To what extent do the positive facets of globalization outweigh its negative effects?\n\nNayyar ( 2006, p137 ) argued: “ aˆ¦the enlargement of economic minutess and the administration of economic activities across the political boundaries of state provinces. ”\n\nGlobalization is associated with increased economic activity which can excite growing since the universe is your market, employment chances can be created and the chance for new and advanced engineering which can let you to execute undertakings faster and with greater truth. Globalization has allowed for individuals to remain in Trinidad and purchase goods and services from abroad.\n\nNegative effects of globalisation: –\n\nNayyar ( 2006, p146 ) argued that: “ The political relations of hegemony or laterality is contributing to the economic sciences of globalization. ”\n\nWith globalization there has been an addition of occupations traveling abroad and being given to aliens. For illustration, the main executive officer for the local telecommunications company ( T.S.T.T. ) is an American who besides worked in Mexico before he assumed the place here. Globalisation has resulted in production being relocated to states where advantage ( Asia ) can be taken of lower cost of labor and where there are no labour Torahs and ordinances. This can ensue in kid labor and hapless criterions and conditions of work.\n\nHarmonizing to Nayyar ( 2006, p154 ) “ Income distribution within states besides worsened. ”\n\nFor illustration, many skilled building workers from other Caribbean states and China are employed in Trinidad in the building sector due to a deficit of expertness in this country, globalization has resulted in the labor market being extremely competitory. It would hold been more good to the state to develop and develop its ain human resources thereby going even more self sufficient.\n\nM. Panic ( 2007, p145, 146 ) argued that:\n\n“ aˆ¦ free market version of the system was demonstrated globally in the 1930s with annihilating effects: its built-in inclination to prolonged and dearly-won crises ( the Great Depression, mass unemployment ) , societal want and division ( utmost poorness for the many in the thick of great wealth for the fewaˆ¦ ) ”\n\nThe broadening in the spread between the rich and the hapless ( polarization ) can ensue in an addition in offense since people when they can non afford to supply for themselves and household resort to offense.\n\nWade, ( 2009, p545 ) argued that: “ Unemployment in the US is surging, half of families have deficient nest eggs to prolong disbursals for more than one month, and the rate of house foreclosure continues to lift. ”\n\nMany householders in the USA were and still are unable to pay their mortgages this have resulted in many societal and condemnable issues in the USA since caput of family when left unemployed kill their household and so themselves. Examples are Ervin and Ana Elizabeth Lupoe this twosome killed their five kids so committed suicide as a consequence of Ervin losing his occupation. Mark Meeks killed his married woman and kids after he lost his occupation.\n\n\nThere is a prostration in trade and integrating in the United States and Europe specifically Ireland where many householders are unable to pay their mortgages. Globalization has besides resulted in the devaluation of the US dollar which is a direct impact of the recession that the state is soon confronting.\n\nTo successfully last in a planetary environment it is important that the proper steps are implemented to beef up the state financially, economically and socially, more internal steps should be utilised. Governments and administrations should non merely concentrate on the benefits of globalization but besides the negatives which may impact a state. This would enable the authorities to develop and implement schemes which would let the state to last in a globally competitory environment or the state can follow in the same vena as Cuba and deglobalised.\n\nWord Count: 1391\n\n\nI'm Heather\n\n\nCheck it out", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9018897414207458}
+{"content": "Tile 3D warehouse\n\n\n\nI have been trying to apply 3d tiles from the warehouse into a feature wall but don’t know the best way to do it.\n\nThese are a couple of tiles that I have been trying to work with.\n\nHelp please!!!\n\n\nIs this the right place for this post? May be better to post in the general forum unless it is related to a specific tutorial.\n\n\nok. thanks for letting me know.\n\n\nIt would be helpful if you illustrate more what result you are trying to achieve (what you understand by “apply”). It can also be good if you share what approaches you tried.\n\nAssuming the 3d tiles are components and you want to cover a wall face with them as if they were a tiles material, you can use the array copy.\n\n  1. Position the first tile instance on the corner of the wall and select it.\n  2. Select the move tool (M).\n  3. Press the ctrl key while moving the instance so that a copy will be created (instead of moving the original one)\n  4. Press an arrow key (like ) to lock the direction of movement.\n  5. Align it just next to the first tile instance and release the mouse button.\n  6. Type 10x enter (or another number) to repeat the component instance many times.\n    Now you have a column of tiles which you can select and make another array copy horizontally.\n\n\nS Aerilius says…\nctrl/move to move a copy of that tile up one length of itself. The shift * ? to copy multiple times by whatever number you like defined by ?.\nGroup that and ctrl/move that over and up or down to tessallate. Then group both lots together and apply the same array move.\nOnce done it would be a matter of cleaning up the edges where partial tiles extend beyond the wall.\n\n\nHi guys. Thank you all very much for the help.\n\nSo that’s right where I find my issue. I did use the move tool to make copies and place the tiles over the wall but when it comes to trim the excess extended beyond the wall there is where I struggle.\n\nI have tried to use the plugin enoroth solid tools to cut the edges but it didn’t work as the tiles are not a solid component.\n\n\nI apologise for not illustrating my issue better at the first instance. I am new here at the forum and I really appreciate all you guys help.\n\n\nRight,solid tools wont work because the tiles are not solid. If you edit the tiles and go underneath you would need to make sure the bottom has a face. Once its solid you can then use solid tools. You would also need to make the wall a solid shape (use it as a cutter) to then work with the solid tiles for the solid operations.\n\nAlternatively you could explode the tiles and group them before you add them to the wall and then you could edit each one at the edges. You cant do this while they are components as any cuts would apply to all the same component tiles on the wall. As the main tile is made up of 3 tile components, you could also explode it and make the 3 tile group a component, and then at the edges make those you need to trim - “unique”\n\n\n\nSo, I couldn’t make the tile a solid component so I couldn’t use the plugin to make my cuts where I needed.\n\nAs suggested I exploded the component and made the tile I was trying to trim as unique, but maybe because of the angles and the complexity on the tile I couldn’t trim it at all…\n\n\nyou could make a plane and position it at the edge of the wall and then intersect it with the tiles and then delete overhanging parts?\n\n\nThe element you are trying to multiply is made up of a component inside another component, so you have to be careful and make both unique, and then you’ll cut them.\n\n\n\nHi guys,\n\nThank you all very much for the help. it was very useful and it worked really well on my project.\n\nThanks again guys!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9868524670600891}
+{"content": "African American towns\n\nTown of Eatonville Florida\n\nEatonville, Florida\n\nOn August 18, 1887, only ten years removed from Reconstruction 1863-1877, a group of twenty-seven Negro men led by Joe Clark convened with the purpose of founding, what would turn out to be, the first incorporated African American settlement community in the United States. Eatonville, the town born on that day, was named for a White man, Josiah Eaton, who served as mayor of the neighboring town of Maitland from which most of the future Eatonville residents originated.\n\nvia Town of Eatonville Florida.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9849072098731995}
+{"content": "Anything is Possible!\n\nWith Love, Hope, and Perseverance\n\nTrust the Timing\n\nebook cover -1536x2048\n\nAvailable at\n\nDavid was JoAnne’s first love in the early seventies. When his family moved away, she felt like her heart would break. But as time passes, memories fade. They marry other people, raise families, and build successful careers.\n\nOn their separate but often parallel journeys, JoAnne and David face unexpected heartache, fight off despair, and sort through personal baggage to learn lessons of love, faith, and perseverance. Then, thirty-nine years later, a surprising discovery reveals that everything happens for a reason.\n\nThis true story, told from the alternating perspectives of two high school sweethearts, offers hope to anyone looking for a soulmate or grieving for a lost love. Trust the Timing will inspire the lonely to never give up because God has a plan, and second chances are possible. But first, we need to become ready.\n\nback cover larger (2)\n\nBack cover painting by JoAnne. Dogs are a big part of the story!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9815109968185425}
+{"content": "Member preview\n\nWhat Was I Thinking? (The Science of Systematic Irrationality)\n\nIf you think your choices are based on logic and reason, think again.\n\nHumans are irrational creatures.\n\nCognitive scientists have known for decades that we are inherently irrational.\n\nDan Ariely explains in his best-selling book, Predictably Irrational, “We all want explanations for why we behave as we do and for the ways the world around us functions. Even when our feeble explanations have little to do with reality. We’re storytelling creatures by nature, and we tell ourselves story after story until we come up with an explanation that we like and that sounds reasonable enough to believe. And when the story portrays us in a more glowing and positive light, so much the better.”\n\nHumans are inherently emotional, so our biases and beliefs can blur our perception of reality.\n\n“Our thinking is riddled with systematic mistakes known to psychologists as cognitive biases. And they affect everything we do. They make us spend impulsively, be overly influenced by what other people think. They affect our beliefs, our opinions, and our decisions, and we have no idea it is happening,” says Toby Macdonald of the BBC.\n\nWe rarely make decisions based on facts.\n\nRational decisions are those based solid statistics and objective facts.\n\nA rational person’s behaviour is guided more by conscious reasoning than by experience, and not adversely affected by emotions.\n\nMany people make bad decisions, but they make them in systematic ways.\n\nDaniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky, and other psychologists have demonstrated that humans are systematically, and deeply irrational in their reasoning and decision making.\n\nThey have shown that we make choices that defy logic.\n\n“Our inability to understand ourselves in a different emotional state does not seem to improve with experience; when that happens, when our irrational self comes alive in an emotional place that we think is familiar but in fact, is unfamiliar?” writes Dan Ariely.\n\nExample, many people are willing to work for free, but once money is mentioned, they immediately revert back to market norms and demand what they are worth.\n\nMost people don’t mind adding an extra $100 to a $5,000, but they will clip coupons to save even $1 dollar when buying something else.\n\nThey consider the value amounts relatively rather than objectively.\n\nWhy is that?\n\nWhen presented with a choice between two products: one free and the other at a cost, studies show that people irrationally opt for the free one, even if it means greater expenses in the long-term.\n\nAnd why do we always take what’s free, even if we don’t really want what’s on offer?\n\nWhen we are overly excited by free! we make mistakes.\n\nZero is not just a mere discount; it is a powerful decision-making factor.\n\nAnd why does taking a cash gift from a friend make us feel uncomfortable, while a gift card is perfectly acceptable?\n\nWhen making a choice between three options (1, 2, and 3), you are most likely to value them differently if you had to choose between just 1 and 2.\n\nEconomists say this is faulty thinking because the value of 1 and the value of 2 are not altered by the presence of 3.\n\nIn many situations, our thinking process change and our decisions vary depending on how options are presented to us.\n\n\nWe don’t know what kind of phone we want — until we see a review.\n\nWe don’t know what kind of speaker we like — until we hear a set of speakers that sounds better than the previous one.\n\nWe don’t even know what we want to do with our lives — until we find an influencer who is doing just what we think we should be doing.\n\nBehavioral economists argue that human judgment is notoriously flawed in many ways and that we could achieve much better outcomes if we understood our flawed thinking for what it is.\n\nProfessor Richard Thaler, one of the longtime leaders of this school of behavioural economics and his colleagues have pointed out all sorts of flaws in human judgment.\n\nIn his book, Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness, Thaler writes, “Hundreds of studies confirm that human forecasts are flawed and biased. Human decision making is not so great either. Again to take just one example, consider what is called the “status quo bias,” a fancy name for inertia. For a host of reasons, which we shall explore, people have a strong tendency to go along with the status quo or default option.”\n\nThe good news is, you can train yourself to question your repeated behaviours and make better decisions.\n\nPay particular attention to your first decision.\n\nQuestion your assumptions, and decision making factors.\n\nShort-term decisions can influence long-term decisions.\n\nEvery decision can have large consequences on the next one.\n\nFirst decision can have such a long-lasting effect.\n\nGiven this effect, the first decision is crucial, and we should give it an appropriate amount of attention.\n\nMaking a rational decision involves an analysis of the inputs (information, assumptions, and biases) that form part of your reasoning.\n\nIf you take your inputs seriously, the output (decisions) that result from your reasoning will improve.\n\nMaking a rational decision means questioning continuously.\n\nIt is drilling down to eliminate inaccuracies, wrong assumptions, improve comprehension, and strive for intellectually honest results.\n\nClosing thoughts\n\nMost people don’t think their decisions are flawed but they are quick to observe irrational behaviour in others.\n\nThey think they are being rational in the moment.\n\nIn reality, nothing we think about or do fails to be influenced by a multitude of mental shortcuts that our brain has gathered through experience to allow us to get through the day.\n\nIn his book, You Are Not So Smart, David McRaney, explains:\n\n“You are a confabulatory creature by nature. You are always explaining to yourself the motivations for your actions and the causes to the effects in your life, and you make them up without realizing it when you don’t know the answers. Over time, these explanations become your idea of who you are and your place in the world. They are your self… You are a story you tell yourself.”\n\nYou have to be aware of these biases and create systems that mitigate the damage, otherwise, you will never come close to making rational choices.\n\nAnd sometimes, the smarter you are, the more likely you are to fall victim to biases because you think you know it all.\n\nBeware of intuition.\n\nWith every decision, or judgement you make, there is a battle in your mind — a battle between intuition and logic.\n\nAnd your intuitive brain is a lot more powerful than you may think.\n\nAccording to researchers, emotions rule our decision-making so strongly that unhappy moods can affect stock performance.\n\n“In order to have anything like a complete theory of human rationality, we have to understand what role emotion plays in it,” writes Nobel laureate Herbert Simon in his 1983 book Reason In Human Affairs.\n\nDelay decisions when possible. “Give yourself time to make decisions since research shows that emotions are short-lived and humans typically go back to “baseline states” after some time,” says Vivian Giang.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6355681419372559}
+{"content": "(Poistunut julkaisusta)\n\n\nAlkuperäinen julkaisupäivä 5.2.2018\n\nWe are looking for an experienced, customer-, digitally- and data-driven Chief Customer Officer (CCO) to provide a single vision across all methods of customer experience to accelerate company’s transformation to customer centricity. The CCO will strengthen iLOQ marketing team and is responsible for influencing all customer relations and activities to support sales, marketing and user experience and interface.  \n\nRole and tasks will include\n\n  • Engage the organization in managing customer relationships, revenue, and profit\n  • Create a persistent focus on the customer in the actions iLOQ takes\n  • To unify all customer initiatives throughout different functions \n  • Drive the organization to work together for optimum customer experience delivery by bringing customers closer to innovation process \n  • Support as cultural leader in the transformation journey to inject a new way of thinking and acting throughout organization\n  • To build a master view of the customer based on several data sources\n  • To build foundation and transformation roadmap towards customer centricity based on digital transformation programs: platforms (e.g.Web CMS, DAM, PIM, CRM, Marketing Automation, Account Based Marketing), customer processes, customer data management and customer experience and journey development\n  • Collaborate cross-functionally with teammates and stakeholders globally\n  • Monitor and measure the efficiency of our digital transformation\n\nYour background\n\nYou have Master /Bachelor degree in digital, marketing or relevant discipline and five or more years of leadership experience in international and multicultural business environment. You have a good foundation and experience in digital transformation, online sales, digital marketing, multichannel sales environment, commercial business analysis, strategic marketing and sales management. Ideally you might have a strong product and application knowledge and senior level marketing and/or sales background. You have good knowledge of Google Analytics, social media management tools and at least one CMS (Content Management System). You also have knowledge of reporting and digital marketing dashboards, email marketing, CRM tools and other modern technologies and platforms. \n\nThe position requires the ability to understand changing customer needs and market dynamics, translating them into an actionable customer strategy and initiatives. As a person you are customer focused and proactive and you have digital- and data-driven mindset. You are highly motivated and persistent in reaching objectives. Fluent communication and presentation skills in both written and spoken English are required.\n\nAre you the one we are looking for? For further information, please contact Joni Lampinen, Chief Marketing Officer at iLOQ, + 358 40 317 0262 or Johanna Massa, Mercuri Urval + 358 40 144 3333. Please send your application including salary request no later than 18 February 2018 via www.mercuriurval.fi", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9311020374298096}
+{"content": "A Demiguise on the loose spells trouble\n\nThis Demiguise character from Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is one hard little beast to capture if ever on the loose. First of all, invisibility is one of their magical powers and on top of that, being precognitive insight which really makes it difficult even if you are able to see them. They can only be captured by Wizards and Witches that are skilled and trained with the right techniques including making unpredictable moves to counter the foresight of the little creatures. It is fortunate that we indeed can see this Demiguise built by yu chris and its wide-eyed stare made up of the bright light orange 4×4 inverted radar dish and a round 2×2 boat stud for its dark pupils to stare into the abyss.\n\nDemiguise (幻影猿)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6130233407020569}
+{"content": "The Last of the Mohicans | Study Guide\n\nJames Fenimore Cooper\n\nDownload a PDF to print or study offline.\n\nStudy Guide\nCite This Study Guide\n\nHow to Cite This Study Guide\n\nquotation mark graphic\n\n\nCourse Hero. \"The Last of the Mohicans Study Guide.\" Course Hero. 29 July 2016. Web. 12 Nov. 2018. <>.\n\nIn text\n\n(Course Hero)\n\n\n\n\nIn text\n\n(Course Hero, 2016)\n\n\n\nCourse Hero. \"The Last of the Mohicans Study Guide.\" July 29, 2016. Accessed November 12, 2018.\n\n\nCourse Hero, \"The Last of the Mohicans Study Guide,\" July 29, 2016, accessed November 12, 2018,\n\nThe Last of the Mohicans | Chapter 16 | Summary\n\n\n\nHeyward returns to Fort William Henry and finds Munro visiting with his daughters. Heyward wants to relay Montcalm's message to the colonel, but Munro wants to first return to something Heyward brought up days before. Heyward tells Munro he seeks \"the honor of being your son\" and wants to marry Munro's daughter; however, Munro mistakenly believes he is asking permission to marry Cora. To Munro's surprise, Heyward reveals that he wishes to marry Alice.\n\nMunro reacts defensively to Heyward's request; he believes Heyward has rejected Cora because she is \"considered of a race inferior.\" Munro takes this opportunity to disclose his personal history with Heyward. Munro talks about the heartbreak of his broken engagement and his first marriage to the West Indian woman with whom he had Cora. Munro explains that after his first wife died, he returned to Scotland and eventually married Alice's mother, the woman to whom he had once been engaged.\n\nAfter Munro shares his personal story, he finally asks Heyward about Montcalm's message. Heyward tells Munro that Montcalm wants a meeting with him. This time, Munro agrees. The two commanders meet, and Heyward interprets what Montcalm says in French. After Montcalm produces Webb's intercepted letter, Heyward reads the letter. He learns that Webb has denied Munro's request for reinforcements and has advised Munro to surrender immediately.\n\nAfter a discussion of the terms of surrender, Munro bitterly agrees to hand over Fort William Henry to the French. With surprising generosity, Montcalm offers to let the English keep their arms, their flags, and their belongings so they can retain some measure of honor and dignity.\n\n\nChapter 16 represents a pivotal moment in the plot, as the hostilities between the English and the French are temporarily resolved after Munro agrees to surrender Fort William Henry. The unfolding of Munro's surrender mirrors the pursuit-capture-escape structural pattern of the novel. Munro's surrender also mirrors what actually happened August 3–9, 1757. Following a six-day siege by the French under Montcalm, Lieutenant-Colonel George Monro surrendered the fort.\n\nThrough the devastating process of surrender, the reader learns about the art of negotiation and about the military codes under which battles and treaties are carried out. The meeting between Montcalm and Munro is a formal affair, accompanied by drums and flags and organized by certain protocols, such as speaking in order of rank.\n\nThis chapter also provides additional background about Munro's life and helps readers understand why Cora and Alice are different. Through Munro's own story, the reader learns that the sisters have different mothers and were born in different countries. Munro's revelations call forth the theme of race. Since Cora's mother was a West Indian descended from slaves, she is racially mixed. Because of the prevailing attitudes of the time, Munro feels compelled to justify his marriage. He also condemns the practice of slavery, since his wife was descended from slaves.\n\nThe backstory about the women also highlights the themes of racism and prejudice. The novel has, so far, focused on the racism against the Indians. Munro's revelations of Cora's mixed-race heritage show that racism is in play in other ways, especially in a specific instance of situational irony. Cora and Alice's disgust in response to Magua's proposal is ironic in this sense since Cora is of mixed-race heritage, but finds the idea of entering a mixed-race marriage with an Indian appalling. Alice expressed the girls should die before entering a marriage with a \"savage.\"\n\nThe end of the chapter is a cliffhanger. What will happen to Cora, Alice, Heyward, Hawkeye, and Gamut after the fort's surrender to the French?\n\nCite This Study Guide\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5243136882781982}
+{"content": "The Forbes Fictional 15\n\nThey say fortune favors the bold--but it also favors the fictional. The characters that make up this year's edition of the Forbes Fictional 15, our annual listing of fiction's richest, boast an aggregate net worth of $137 billion. That's enough to give $20 to every (real) person on the planet.\n\nFlapping into the top slot on this year's list is the first non-mammal to rank as fiction's richest: Scrooge McDuck. Soaring gold prices mean the penny-pinching poultry's hoard of coins and bullion is now worth more than you can shake a tail feather at.\n\nBorn penniless in Glasgow, Scotland, McDuck shined shoes as a duckling just to make ends meet. One day a ditch digger paid him a U.S. dime to clean his boots, inspiring the fearless fowl to stow aboard a cattle ship and seek out his fortune in America. He proceeded to build an empire from scratch, and today boasts a net worth of $28.8 billion. An avid treasure hunter, McDuck often travels the world with his grand-nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie looking for even more loot.\n\nView The Full List: The Forbes Fictional 15\n\nIn Pictures: Fictional 15 Drop-Offs\n\nBy The Numbers: The Largest Fictional Companies\n\n\n\n\nAlso new to the list: quirky investor Gomez Addams, who ranked 12th with a net worth of $2 billion. This descendant of Castilian royalty and British aristocrats powered onto the list thanks to a series of extremely lucky investments: for instance, earlier this year, he bought a swamp for \"scenic value\" and subsequently discovered a massive oil deposit underneath. Addams is known for exhibiting eccentric behavior, including an affinity for sword fighting and a passion for crashing toy trains.\n\nIt's been a tough year for some fictional billionaires, including 2006's second-richest character, C. Montgomery Burns. The owner and operator of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant saw his fortune plummet after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency attempted to contain pollution by enclosing Springfield in a giant glass dome. The population rioted, and looters ransacked Burns Manor, making off with priceless treasures, including the suit Charlie Chaplin was buried in and a first draft of the Constitution with the word \"suckers\" in it.\n\nOngoing controversy surrounds the absence of one character from the list: Santa Claus. After ranking first in the first two editions of the list, we excluded him in 2006, after being bombarded by letters from outraged children insisting that Claus is \"real.\" After taking into account the physical evidence--toys delivered, milk and cookies devoured--we felt it was safer to remove him from consideration. While we continue to take the matter under consideration, Santa remains--for now--strictly real.\n\nTo qualify for the Fictional 15, we require that candidates be an authored fictional creation, a rule that excludes mythological and folkloric characters. They must star in a specific narrative work or series of works. And they must be known, both within their fictional universe and by their audience, for being rich.\n\nNet worth estimates are based on an analysis of the fictional character's source material, and are valued against known real-world commodity and share price movements. In the case of privately held fictional concerns, we sought to identify comparable fictional public companies. All prices are as of market close, Dec. 10, 2007.\n\nWe reserve the right to bend or break any of our own rules.\n\nThis year, for the first time, we also ranked the largest fictional companies in the universe. The task was a mammoth undertaking: Dozens of reporters spent countless hours poring over financial documents, a far-flung network of correspondents traveled much of the space-time continuum, and sophisticated algorithms were perfected to perform the tricky business of converting gold pieces, Zorkmids, other exotic currencies into 2007 U.S. dollars.\n\nIt all has, of course, been a labor of love, and we hope you enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed writing it.\n\nView The Full List: The Forbes Fictional 15\n\nIn Pictures: Fictional 15 Drop-Offs\n\nBy The Numbers: The Largest Fictional Companies", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6682168245315552}
+{"content": "Impression on pet CT scan is listed as: follicle on right ovary with associated hypermetabolic activity. What does this mean? Should I be concerned?\n\nNot sure. What really matters is why they did the imaging in the first place. I am going to guess that since you have a history of breast cancer, they were looking for possible distant metastases of this disease. I have personally seen breast cancer spread to the ovaries. If this is their concern, it should be further evaluated.\nDepends on cycle. It depends on whether you were ovulating during the PET scan. If you recently had your period then it is just a normal finding on the scan which shows that your ovaries were releasing an egg from the ovary. However if u have cancer and it has metastasized (spread to other parts of your body ) then it may be a more concerning finding. The doctor reading the scan should know when your LMP was. .", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8028362989425659}
+{"content": "“Salt is as free as the water suspending it when it’s dissolved, and as immutable as stone when it’s dry.”  -Sallie Tisdale\n\nSALT follows Rossi’s ICE series. The artist ponders what will happen once all the glaciers have melted, if global temperatures continue to increase.  As water evaporates and lakes disappear, salt flats, massive evaporative basins that extend for miles, will appear as they already have in other times in the planet’s history.
 Salt has played a vital part in religious rituals in many cultures, symbolizing immutable, incorruptible purity. Will this purity be lost if CO2 levels increase and global warming intensifies? As more and more salt flats emerge, they will bear silent witness to the planet’s demise and salt will no longer symbolise purity nor be the ‘white gold’ sought after for centuries.\n\nPhotography | © jasmine rossi", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9349727034568787}
+{"content": "How to Learn\n\nBeing a successful student is far more about being a smart user of effective strategies than about being 'smart'. In Effective Notetaking and Mnemonics for Study, Dr McPherson showed readers many strategies for improving understanding and memory. But these on their own can only take you so far, if you don’t know how to cement that information into your brain for the long term. In this new book, Dr McPherson explains the 10 principles of effective practice and revision.\n\nFew students know how to learn effectively, which is why they waste so much time going over and over material, as they try to hammer it into their heads. But you don’t need to spend all that time, and you don’t need to endure such boredom. What you need to do is understand how to review your learning in the most optimal way. Using examples from science, math, history, foreign languages, and skill learning, that is what this book aims to teach you.\n\nAs always with the Mempowered books, this book doesn't re-hash the same tired advice that's been peddled for so long, but uses the latest cognitive and educational research to show you what to do to maximize your learning.\n\nThis book is for students who are serious about being successful in study, and teachers who want to know how best to help their students learn.\n\nCORRECTION: Purchasers of the paperback, or previous purchasers of digital formats, please note that there is an incorrect graph! See the correction here\n\nRead an excerpt\n\nTable of Contents\n\n1. What you need to know about memory\n\nThe 8 basic principles of memory\n\nHow neurons work\n\nWorking memory — a constraining factor\n\nThe role of consolidation in memory\n\n2. What should you practice?\n\nSome examples\n\n3. Retrieval practice\n\nComparison of retrieval practice with other strategies\n\n\nKeyword mnemonic\n\nConcept maps\n\nBenefits for related information\n\nErrorless learning\n\nForced guessing\n\n4. How often should you practice?\n\nCriterion levels set the number of correct retrievals\n\nTask difficulty affects optimal criterion level\n\nIndividual items may demand different criterion levels\n\nIndividual differences matter\n\nHow many times should you review?\n\nSession spacing may be a factor\n\nRecommended schedule\n\n5. Spacing your practice\n\nThe advantage of spreading out your practice\n\nOptimal spacing\n\nThe need for review\n\nStretching the review interval\n\nDistributing your reviews\n\nHow type of material & task may affect spacing's benefits\n\n6. Spacing within your study session\n\nThe importance of interleaving for category and type learning\n\nWhy should interleaved practice be more effective than massed practice?\n\nWhy people persist in believing massed practice is better\n\nPreventing interference\n\nConsolidation during rest\n\nChildren's brains may work differently\n\nAging also affects consolidation & interference\n\nSpacing & interleaving for complex material\n\n7. Putting it all together\n\nWhy is spaced retrieval practice so effective?\n\nThe ten principles of effective practice\n\n8. Specific strategies\n\n\nWhen to drop a card from the stack\n\nHow many cards in a stack\n\nBest practice for flashcards\n\nFlashcard variant\n\nKeyword mnemonic\n\nUsing mnemonics for complex information\n\nUsing a mnemonic effectively\n\n\nHow to display your questions\n\nConcept maps\n\n9. Skill learning\n\nSkill learning begins with instruction\n\n\nAutomating action sequences is the heart of motor skill learning\n\nHow ‘muscle memory’ is different from information memory\n\nDeliberate practice\n\nBreaking down a skill\n\nVaried repetition\n\n\nSelf-monitoring and goal-setting\n\nMetacognition and self-monitoring\n\nNot all practice is, or should be, deliberate practice\n\nMental practice\n\nCognitive skills\n\nWorked examples provide models for cognitive skills\n\nAutomatization is the core attribute of all skills\n\nApproach skill learning like an expert\n\nThe 10 principles of effective skill practice\n\n10. Putting all this into practice\n\nBeliefs that stand in the way of effective learning\n\nTest anxiety\n\nHabits can break or make you\n\nScheduling your reviews\n\nBottom line\n\n\n\nProduct details\n\nFormats: Paperback, E-book (pdf), E-book (Kindle), E-book (ePub)\n296 pages\nPublisher: Wayz Press (November, 2013)\n978-1-927166-13-0 (pdf)\n978-1-927166-11-6 (mobi)\n978-1-927166-12-3 (ePub)\n978-1-927166-14-7 (paperback)\nASIN:  B00GXJHUUU  (Kindle)\n\nAlliance of Independent Authors /\n\nSample Pages from Print edition", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9381011128425598}
+{"content": "The poem that forms the basis of Wolfgang Rihm's \"In Doppelte Tiefe,\" given its American premiere on Saturday evening by the Berlin Philharmonic, was written not by a poet, but rather by a young Dutch bricklayer who found himself in a situation that only poetry could articulate. Marinus van der Lubbe was supposedly caught inside the German Reichstag the night it burned in 1933. He was tried, convicted and sentenced to the archaic German punishment of beheading. Awaiting the sentence, he wrote a short poem about beauty as the elusive unity of life.\n\nRihm, a German composer of remarkable gifts, has set the poem for two vocal soloists and large orchestra. The piece was commissioned by the Berlin Philharmonic to honor the 50th anniversary of the German Republic; it will be performed in the capitals of the four Allied nations that brought the Third Reich to its end--Britain, France, Russia and the United States.\n\nGiven the political occasion that prompted its composition, it could have been a ghastly affair, cluttered with political references and historical allusions. Instead, Rihm turned to Lubbe's simple poem, and wrote a piece that reflects the composer's abiding interest in Nietschze--a sense that even human catastrophe is still a part of the proceedings of nature and that the ugliest things we can produce are no more hideous than the colliding of planets, or the overturning of mountains.\n\nThese are cosmically consoling thoughts that a young man of 25 years might well think a few days before his death. Rihm has honored the poem as a sincere inner monologue of someone who is surrounded by pure bloody-mindedness. The two soloists sing surprisingly lyrical but adventurous lines, often in close proximity, while the orchestra produces rhythmically controlled cacophony all around them. The effect highlights the desperately self-defensive nature of the poem, the poet's effort to cling to some core of eternal meaning as a bulwark against the fury of the world. It is extraordinarily powerful, and ends with a single note that hangs in the air unfulfilled.\n\nThe two soloists, Stella Doufexis and Anna Larsson, sang the work within the tradition of orchestral song singing, emphasizing with beautiful tone color their role as instruments within the larger fabric of the ensemble.\n\nThe Berlin musicians have included the Rihm as just one contemporary work among many on their adventurous U.S. tour. The Rihm, a difficult and taxing work in its own right, was programmed along with Beethoven's Symphony No. 4 and Dvorak's Symphony No. 9 (\"From the New World\").\n\nThis tour will be one of the last chances for Americans to hear the orchestra under its outgoing music director, Claudio Abbado, who will step down in 2002. Saturday's concert offered the chance to assess how the orchestra has fared under Abbado's tenure, and the opportunity to recalibrate one's standards of orchestral excellence.\n\nExcept for the Vienna Philharmonic, no orchestra in the world plays with the same mix of technical perfection, individual responsibility and group engagement. The Berlin Philharmonic plays as if it is always rediscovering some original, ideal performance of the work. Years of familiarity with Beethoven or Dvorak were wiped away, and the score itself emerged, heightened in impact and crystal-clear.\n\nIn the Beethoven, the second violins were perfectly balanced against the first, the violas played as equal partners, the woodwind players were all soloists in their own right, coloring string lines gently, or bouncing contrasting material off the rest of the orchestra. Passage work was flawless, whether rendered by individual players or the full upper-string complement. Throughout all three works, the orchestra created a stunning range of dynamic contrasts, with the very softest tones still full and rich despite the whisper.\n\nThe Dvorak brought the house down. It's a symphony easy to resent for being overplayed, yet the problem is not too many performances, but too many mediocre ones. Saturday's was anything but. The woodwinds and horns underscored the piece's mix of muscular grandeur and nostalgic tenderness. Dominik Wollenweber's English horn solo was played amid gloaming sounds from the strings; it was one of the most beautiful and time-suspending moments I have ever heard in a symphony hall.\n\nWollenweber was not exceptional among the winds. Flutist Emmanuel Pahud, now a solo recording artist in his own right, used his instrument like a paintbrush to add perfectly refined touches of color. Stefan Schweigert's bassoon lines were elastic but precise, the instrument's tonal color a rich, well-rubbed wooden hue. Albrecht Mayer's oboe, its bell directed out at the audience, was all warmth and mellowness.\n\nAbbado has clearly been a responsible and exacting steward of the orchestra's famous sound. He is an elegant presence on the platform, asking for, and receiving, a kind of Gallic restraint. One wanted more at times, but more what? Perhaps a touch of truly unbridled playing is in order, but that is dangerous and the pleasure of Saturday evening's performance was its metrical control, against which the music itself seemed to strive for release. Abbado produces music dressed in beautiful clothes that look right only if worn a bit tightly.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8888572454452515}
+{"content": "\n\nShould We Rewrite the Human Genome?\n\n\nXconomy Boston — \n\nScientists are engineering a new living thing: a radically modified version of the lowly bacterium E. coli. In an article in Science from August, researchers at Harvard University described an ongoing project to build the genetic code of E. coli from scratch, but with major revisions to create a new strain unlike any in existence.\n\nThe modified E. coli is meant to be so foreign to viruses that they will not be able to infect it. George Church, the principal investigator on the study, told me the finished product “will be completely, unassailably resistant to all viruses, even viruses never seen before.” This offers important advantages in industrial processes such as pharmaceutical and biofuel manufacturing, said Matthieu Landon, one of the lead authors on the paper. (Genzyme, a biotechnology company, suffered a crippling viral contamination in 2009 at its Allston, MA, plant that made two essential drugs unavailable for the patients who depended upon them. A virus-resistant cell would not be vulnerable to such contamination.)\n\nThe E. coli project is a step toward the synthesis of a human genome, a goal that holds scientific promise but has also raised ethical concerns. In June, Church and a consortium of researchers published information about a planned project to synthesize the human genome. The news was met with criticism by some scientists not involved with the project, who expressed concern that details had been discussed behind closed doors and without adequate consideration for ethical concerns.\n\nCritics worry that a synthetic human genome could be used in unethical ways, such as for the creation of “designer babies.” Laurie Zoloth, a bioethicist at Northwestern University, has advocated for the formation of ethical oversight committees to supervise this type of research. In a recent interview, she asked, “Who’s watching to say if this is a good or bad thing?” Unlike for clinical trials, there is no regulatory body for basic science research.\n\nChurch’s consortium did not endorse the synthesis of a human genome within a reproductive cell—that is, within an egg or sperm that could be used to create a living human. Instead, the researchers intend to engineer blood or tissue cells that could only be grown in a laboratory as individual cells.\n\nCritics raise two reasonable concerns. The first is that even though “legitimate” scientists like Church declare no intention to create a synthetic human being, if the technology exists it would be hard to stop less mainstream scientists from giving it a shot. If induced pluripotent stem cells, a type of cell often used in research, were created with a synthetic genome, could a scientist then steer the cells to develop into reproductive cells? “This enters into the world of reproduction fairly easily. That’s why someone has to make sure that there are careful rules to govern what is done,” Zoloth told me.\n\nAn oversight committee sounds reasonable at first, but also carries risks. Creating a rigid bureaucratic structure could slow the pace of innovation by forcing researchers into fixed paths. Research cannot be planned years in advance; it must pivot constantly as researchers learn from the experiments they conduct. A better approach would be to hold researchers to a set of ethical principles and discipline scientists who deviate from those principles. Punishment could take several forms—loss of funding, a ban on publishing in peer-reviewed journals, and revocation of university affiliation would all be potent deterrents. This would not regulate specific scientific activities but the overall approach to science, similar to the function of the Hippocratic oath in medicine.\n\nIn a project running in parallel with Church’s E. coli effort, a consortium led by Jef Boeke at NYU aiming to synthesize a yeast genome has adopted a set of 11 guidelines across 4 domains (societal benefit, intellectual property, safety, and governance) intended to place guardrails on the actions of the groups’ members. Such a document could be used as a model to limit unethical endeavors on a broader scale without impeding valid research. Boeke has partnered with Church on the human genome synthesis project.\n\nA second major complaint about the proposed project is that there is no clear application for synthetic human cells. Church argues that synthesized human genomes could be used in stem cell or organ transplantation. By creating virus-resistant stem cells, for example, patients could gain some protection from dangerous infections. “When the patient is given a choice between two cell sources, one of which is pathogen-resistant and another which is not, the patient is going to choose the pathogen-resistant one,” Church said. Yet this approach would only confer virus resistance to the cells in the transplant (blood cells or solid organ) itself, not the transplant recipient’s native cells, so the benefit would be modest.\n\nIn an interview with JAMA last week, Church also suggested that if a pig’s genome were synthesized, it could be used to produce organs that would be easier to transplant into a human. This, however, would require a separate pig genome synthesis, which would be just as resource-intensive as a human genome synthesis, with no guarantee of successfully creating human-friendly pig organs.\n\nEven though the medical applications are not totally clear in this case, science should not be restricted to areas where there are obvious applications. A classic example: when Einstein developed the general theory of relativity, he did not expect that people would use it to help find the nearest Taco Bell, but today’s GPS systems do depend somewhat on Einstein’s theory. Church’s consortium should not have to justify its work by defining exactly what will be done with it. Applications of basic science research are usually hard to predict (see also transistors, lasers, and the atomic bomb).\n\nWhile the ethical debate continues, Church and company say they are already raising funds for the human genome synthesis, which they have called “HGP-write” in reference to the original Human Genome Project. The human genome is one thousand times larger than that of E. coli, but the vast majority of DNA in a human is “non-coding.” The coding regions of human DNA are only five times larger than E. coli’s and the pace of synthesis is increasing exponentially. While the E. coli project initially required intensive troubleshooting with each DNA revision, with more experience the editing process is becoming streamlined, saving many hours of work. Landon, a boyish Frenchman who captains the Harvard Business School rugby team and who Church described as “one of the world’s best” at this troubleshooting, told me, “As design rules are better known, troubleshooting lethal elements will probably be almost 100 percent eliminated.”\n\nA synthetic human genome is “years, not decades” away, according to Church. There are risks. But the bigger risk would be to stifle the scientific process and push innovation into darker corners of the scientific community where there would be less oversight and more nefarious motives.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9742653369903564}
+{"content": "8 articles tagged with solidarity were found.\n\nSacrifice is just another word for solidarity in Ukraine today\n\nIn Ukraine today, “solidarity” means self-dedication and sacrifice — and is more tangible than ever before.\n\nBy Kateryna Mishchenko Inga kommentarer till Sacrifice is just another word for solidarity in Ukraine today\n\nThe Solidarity of the Shaken\n\nTo speak of a solidarity beyond sense or meaning does not imply that the solidarity in question lies beyond the world, or beyond existence. What Patočka is trying to come to terms with is rather a solidarity at the limits of existence and at the limits of experience: the experiences of the limits of existence.\n\nBy Gustav Strandberg Inga kommentarer till The Solidarity of the Shaken\n\n\nThe term “fraternity” has been clearly linked to a register that could be called romantic. This explains the desire to distinguish the word from others like “solidarity” and “justice” and in particular “equality”.\n\nBy Jean-Luc Nancy Inga kommentarer till Fraternity\n\nBetween invisible labor and political participation Women in the Solidarność movement and in today’s politics in Poland\n\nIn 1980, women’s participation in the Solidarność movement was far from invisible. Women were present from the start and they “took over” several highly important activities in Solidarność after its de-legalization in December 1981. The invisibility of these tasks was compounded by the fact that all of this work was illegal.\n\nBy Ewa Majewska Inga kommentarer till and political participation\n\nSome thoughts on solidarity\n\nThe author analyzes the content of the word “solidarity”, not for the sake of linguistics, but in the belief that words contain memories as well as many other experiences, often conflicting ones. He also talks about Solidarity, the trade union in Poland, which was created in August 1980 and crushed in December 1981.\n\nBy Leonard Neuger Inga kommentarer till Some thoughts on solidarity\n\nSolidarity beyond exclusion\n\nLudger Hagedorn has gathered together different voices, all adding insights into the meaning of solidarity. Here he presents the different contributions and place them in a wider context. He concludes, \"Perhaps the outcome of solidarity counts less than the atmosphere that it creates and in which it unfolds its explosive message.\".\n\nBy Ludger Hagedorn Inga kommentarer till Solidarity beyond exclusion\n\nRemembering the Shipyard Strike\n\nThis article focus on how the Gdańsk shipyard strike and the formation of Solidarity have been remembered and observed afterwards, especially in connection with the 30th anniversary in August 2010. The author explores how people create meaning in past events in relation to current interests, and how the depiction of a shared history is constantly recast and used.\n\nBy Karin S Lindelöf Inga kommentarer till the Shipyard Strike\n\nmaria janion. a tree spreading seeds\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8487911820411682}
+{"content": "Chaino And His African Percussion Safari - Jungle Echoes (LP)\n\n16 EUR\n\nA young boy... Found and raised by American missionaries, the only survivor of a non-violent African tribe, whose members, entranced by ancient rhythms, had the ability to communicate with animals and to run \nlike cheetahs... Pulled apart from this original enchanted world, he grew amongst us, down-to-earth westerners. He tried to adapt as much as he could but remained very much rooted in the land of his ancestors. Still \nhaunted and nourished by his origins, he engraved the rhythms of his Land into the grooves of an Omega Disk...\nThe year is 1959 and the Exotica music is in full swing. Beautiful women with banana belts and flower necklaces are gathering serious attention by seducing each and every Average Joe dreaming of sunny holidays on exotic islands populated by colorful birds ... Low-cost travel and mass tourism were on their way !\n\nChaino and his African Percussion, capable of playing for 17 hours straight, 7 percussions at the same time. They recorded Jungle Echoes as a sublime delirium, an absurd myth, an imaginary product of his past!\nA unbelievable record made of rhythms and shouts, a jungle, a furnace, a disturbing trip in the imaginary world of this unrivaled percussionist, this son of Africa, no matter what, regardless of his legend and of the \nmyth surrounding his real origin. A dangerously addictive and syncopated atomic bomb of a record. Reissued hand in hand with Moi J’Connais.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6555273532867432}
+{"content": "| can't find it |\n\n| browse books |\n\n| book details |\n\nZimbabwe's predatory state: Party, military and business\n\nBy (author) Jabusile M. Shumba\n\n| on special |\n\nnormal price: R 345.95\n\nPrice: R 310.95\n\n| book description |\n\nBy the dawn of independence in 1980, Zimbabwe had one of the most structurally developed economies and state systems in Africa and was classified as a middle-income country. In 1980, Zimbabwe's GDP per capita was almost equal to that of China. More than 30 years later, Zimbabwe had regressed to a low-income country with a GDP per capita among the lowest in the world. With these dark economic conditions, discussions concerning structural problems of a country once cited as Africa's best potential are reignited. Shumba interrogates the ruling elite political reproduction, modes of accumulation across key economic sectors and implications for development outcomes. The book raises some pressing questions in search of answers. If Zimbabwe was the golden darling after independence, why did this happen? Was it inevitable? What were the crucial choices made that led to it? Did the ruling elite know that their choices would lead to Zimbabwe's developmental decline?\n\n| product details |\n\nNormally shipped | Stock is usually dispatched in 6-12 days from date of order\nPublisher | University of KwaZulu-Natal Press\nPublished date | 1 Feb 2018\nLanguage |\nFormat | Paperback / softback\nPages | 224\nDimensions | 230 x 150 x 0mm (L x W x H)\nWeight | 0g\nISBN | 978-1-8691-4384-8\nReadership Age |\nBISAC | political science / political freedom & security / civil rights\n\n| other options |\n\nNormally shipped | Usually delivered in 6-12 days\nReadership Age |\nNormal Price | R 345.95\nPrice | R 310.95 | on special |\n\nReadership Age |\nNormal Price | R 1,005.95\nPrice | R 904.95 | on special |\n\nNormally shipped | This title will take longer to obtain, and should be delivered in 6-8 weeks\nReadership Age |\nNormal Price | R 1,050.95\nPrice | R 945.95 | on special |\n\n| your trolley |\n\nTo view the items in your trolley please sign in.\n\n| sign in |\n\n| specials |\n\nIf On A Winter's Night A Traveller\n\nItalo Calvino\nPaperback / softback\n272 pages\nwas: R 195.95\nnow: R 167.95\nAvailable from overseas. Usually dispatched in 3 to 6 weeks\n\nYou go into a bookshop and buy If on a Winter's Night a Traveller by Italo Calvino.\n\nEleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine: Debut Bestseller and Costa First Novel Book Award shortlist 2017\n\nGail Honeyman\n400 pages\nwas: R 310.95\nnow: R 266.95\n\nThe Sunday Times bestseller Soon to be a major motion picture produced by Reese Witherspoon `Funny, touching and unpredictable' Jojo Moyes Eleanor Oliphant has learned how to survive - but not how to live\n\nInvisible Cities\n\nItalo Calvino\nPaperback / softback\n160 pages\nwas: R 195.95\nnow: R 167.95\nAvailable from overseas. Usually dispatched in 3 to 6 weeks\n\nIn Invisible Cities Marco Polo conjures up cities of magical times for his host, the Chinese ruler Kublai Khan, but gradually it becomes clear that he is actually describing one city: Venice.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5219480991363525}
+{"content": "Emma Kolstad Antunes is the Web Manager for NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. An experienced web developer, she has led a number of web projects, including development of the Goddard Intranet, and has twice served as chair of the NASA Webmasters Working Group. She is frequently an invited speaker at technology conferences around the Washington, DC area.    (2ZHO)\n\nWhile Emma's approach to information management reflects her role as a Web Manager, she sees the Web as the medium, not the message. It's all about the content. What is it we want to communicate? What is it we want to do? How can the Web help?    (2ZHP)\n\nAreas of focus: Usability, information architecture, information management, Web technology, system design and integration, knowledge management, organizational development & leadership.    (2ZHQ)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8634936213493347}
+{"content": "\n\nValentine Gogichashvili, Technical Lead Platform/Database at Zalando GmbH\n\nValentine Gogichashvili\n\nBiography: Valentine Gogichashvili\n\nAs Zalando decided to go with Java/PostgreSQL as the core technology, Valentine, already having a lot of experience working with PostgreSQL, joined the company in the autumn of 2010 to support this impressive transition. As a technical lead of Platform/Database team he is responsible for building up, maintaining and monitoring the growing set of PostgreSQL database clusters. He is also responsible for overseeing the process of data model changes, SQL and Stored Procedure code reviews and organizing SQL trainings for Zalando's development team as well as building helper tools and improving continuous delivery processes.\n\nPresentation: Why Zalando trusts in PostgreSQL\n\nTrack: Solutions Track / Time: Friday 10:20 - 11:10 / Location: Estrelsaal C8\n\nA developer’s view on using the most advanced open-source database\n\nNoSQL is on the rise but sadly when people compare the usual NoSQL candidates (Redis, MongoDB, Riak, Cassandra, HBase, ..) to relational databases they often only mention MySQL. Let us explain the power of the world’s most advanced opensource database PostgreSQL. Stored procedures, advanced type & constraint system, replication and sharding are only few points on our tour. In this session we want to show you various examples of why we at Zalando trust PostgreSQL to reliably handle all our data. We make use of it in various scenarios, from less complex CRUD applications on a single node, to highly critical and more complex scenarios. This involves customer and order data with strong constraints for high performance and availability, sharded across multiple nodes. We believe that PostgreSQL is massively underrated and that you should have very good reasons to ignore its great features.\n\nGet more information about Zalando Technology:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5049715042114258}
+{"content": "Vascular fun and folly\n\nBarring an accident or some trauma, pain management often requires some depth of investigation. Well…opioids and cortisone injections might help get rid of the pain, but what if there might be something lurking in your blood flow? Let’s get into the holistic concepts of vascular system and how USA doctors seem to avoid the topic in helping you.\n\nDo your legs hurt when you walk? Do your muscles feel cramped? Do they tingle? Check with your doctor. It could be several things and you may get several opinions. One of the least likely diagnoses might be peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Routine blood pressure exams measure health issues pertaining to your heart and brain health. Has anyone measured the blood pressure at your ankle? Inadequate blood flow to arms, legs, and many other things below the waist might be related to peripheral vascular conditions. How would you know?\n\nIt’s how the blood flows to bring life and joy. Yet, vascular disease may also bring woe and tension. Let’s talk about vascular fun and folly.\n\nThe vascular system is the body’s network of blood vessels. It includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. Cardiologists attempt to monitor vascular integrity leading to and from the heart. Deeper exams also view the carotid arteries leading to the brain.\n\nVery few physicians are concerned with the vessels in your other body areas. Chances are that if stiffness and plaque interfere in heart arteries, it may also exist in peripheral blood vessels.\n\nIncrease in age usually is associated with vascular diseases but there are other possibilities:\n\nFamily history of vascular or heart diseases\nIllness or injury\nLong periods of sitting or standing still\n\nAccording to many medical and health organizations, losing weight, eating healthy foods, being active and not smoking can help prevent vascular disease. All of these should not be sporadic but integrated into your lifestyle.\n\nManaging stress well may also help reduce the incidence of vascular diseases. General anxiety is a common part of a long-term stress behavior. It is characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation. Those suffering from generalized anxiety disorder experience non-specific persistent fear and worry, and become overly concerned with everyday matters, and indirect associations.\n\nAccording to Harvard Health, anxiety may be one variable in developing vascular disease and heart problems.\n\nBeyond general conceptions about anxiety, your body chemicals called hormones, may increase anxiety. Imbalances in the body’s stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol, and the precursor hormone DHEA — can cause a variety of symptoms that seem to be mentally health-related, including depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone may contribute to anxiety. Studies on rats appear to confirm this belief. Thyroid Hormone An overactive thyroid can also cause a significant problem with anxiety, and is very likely to cause panic attacks.\n\nThe positive correlation of vascular disease among the aging population may be related to many hormonal changes. Hormone changes may be associated with weight gain, reduced energy, and other conditions despite having followed a healthy lifestyle. These changes are also associated with anxiety.\n\nOne symptom that hints of vascular disease is blood pressure. Blood pressure measurements may deviate based on instrumentation. Digital machines have differing programs. That means 110/60 on one unit might be 130/80 on another unit. Anxiety (every now and then) doesn’t cause long-term high blood pressure (hypertension). Frequent episodes of anxiety have been known to cause dramatic, temporary spikes in your blood pressure. The belief is that frequent temporary spikes in blood pressure can have negative consequences that are similar to those of high blood pressure.\n\nAnother factor of blood pressure and vascular disease might be sub-conscious brainwaves of consciousness. Your brain has differing wave patterns when you are alert and relaxed. People with hypertension are prescribed beta blockers. These work to help reduce stress and anxiety. Beta brainwaves dominate our normal waking state of consciousness when attention is directed towards cognitive tasks and the outside world. Beta is a ‘fast’ activity, present when we are alert, attentive, engaged in problem solving, judgment, decision making, or focused mental activity. While remaining in beta too long may result in adverse reactions among people with hypertension, little research fails to reach any firm conclusions on associations with vascular diseases.\n\nVascular diseases begin as inflammation on vascular walls. They turn into lesions over time. Consider getting a paper-cut on your finger. That’s a lesion on your skin. Among the miles of veins and arteries in your body, these lesions form. The body works to protect itself. Vascular plaque forms not only near your heart or brain but other parts too.\n\nYet the far-reaching roads pf the vascular system extend over every sector and place of your body. Apart from cardiovascular and neurovascular pathways, there are several known peripheral vascular diseases:\n\nAtherosclerosis and Peripheral Artery Disease.\nRaynaud’s Phenomenon (Raynaud’s Disease or Raynaud’s Syndrome)\nBuerger’s Disease.\nPeripheral Venous Disease and Varicose Veins.\nBlood Clots in Veins (VTE)\nBlood Clotting Disorders.\n\nPerhaps one of the more disabling of peripheral diseases is Erectile Dysfunction. Some say it is age related. It may be from a vascular disease. When there are peripheral vascular conditions, the blood flow does not just struggle to get to the legs and feet, but also to the penis. This then causes the ever-terrifying condition known as “erectile dysfunction”! Usually, this poor circulation is a result of other health conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes. Some studies from 2011 found that vascular disease may have had less to do with erectile dysfunction.\n\nHormonal changes after menopause and possible vascular disease may be behind sexual mishappenings. While peripheral atherosclerosis from high cholesterol and high fats may lead to sexual disabilities, diabetes (hormonal and vascular) might be more significant contributors. In women, diabetes can lead to hardening of the blood vessels of the vaginal wall. Decreased blood flow can affect vaginal lubrication, causing the vagina to be too dry for comfortable intercourse. This condition also seems to put women at greater risk for recurring yeast infections. In men, diabetes can lead to a hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels that supply the erectile tissue of the penis. This can cause problems in getting an erection, and the penis may be less firm while erect. Basically, obesity linkage with diabetes may result in vascular folly.\n\nApart from sexual issues, peripheral pain in limbs may be more associated with vascular conditions than neuromuscular or skeletal issues.\n\nFactors that increase your risk of developing peripheral artery disease include:\nObesity (a body mass index over 30)\nHigh blood pressure.\nHigh cholesterol.\nIncreasing age, especially after reaching 50 years of age.\nA family history of peripheral artery disease, heart disease or stroke.\n\nMany of these conditions demonstrate possible circulatory problems in the peripheral vascular system. Diabetics are known to develop gangrene in toes and fingers, in extreme cases, with surgeries required for removal. Certain dietary choices and smoking may deprive areas of blood – over time. Constriction of the blood vessels is the body’s way to raise the blood pressure. By narrowing the passage in the blood vessels, blood flows more slowly to the organs and the extremities. This goes way beyond the scope of heart and brain vascular issues. Peripheral vasoconstriction is associated with chronic stress.\n\nPeripheral vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles increases resistance and decreases blood flow. This may cause hypertension readings in early stages.\n\nPeripheral vascular testing is generally overlooked by most traditional physicians. The diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) should always be confirmed using objective vascular testing. Sometimes heart and brain vascular health seem clean and normal. Other parts of your vascular system may not be as healthy. When it comes to where the blood flows and how, a thorough vascular health screening is a more holistic approach for the bigger picture.\n\nThe most common symptom of peripheral vascular disease in the legs is pain in one or both calves, thighs, or hips. Like many other health-related issues, proper diets and movement exercises are beneficial for treatment and lifestyle. Your health care professional will most likely recommend physical therapy or physiatry as part of a treatment plan. When no other treatment is offered by a general physician, you may want to consult with a vascular specialist.\n\nIn the flowing tributaries so vital to our lives, vascular health influences us through arteries, veins, and capillaries. PAD usually affects the arteries in the legs, but it also can affect the arteries that carry blood from your heart to your head, arms, kidneys, and stomach. The center hub is your heart beating constantly. And by genetics or personal choice, determinants of what is in your blood contribute to your health and how you feel. Managing dietary and activity lifestyles, monitoring hormones, and insisting that your doctor examines all your vascular system may help you enjoy life better. Seek vascular fun over folly.\n\nArtery Stents and Side Effects\n\nDiet fads come and go. Indiscretions and choices of lifestyles may come to haunt you through normal aging, genetics, and effects from certain illnesses. Over time your arteries may become narrowed and blocked because of build-up of a fatty material called plaque, which is made up of cholesterol and other substances. Like the crusty plaque that forms around teeth, arterial and vascular plaque silently obstructs the passage of blood and nutrients throughout your body. Artery stents are light little inserts that are surgically implanted to help open obstructed arteries. Artery stents are minimally invasive life savers that may prevent heart attacks and strokes. It’s good to check your vital statistics often. Irregularities may indicate arterial blockages.\n\nArtery and vascular obstructions are known as atherosclerosis and the American Heart Association compiles statistics annually. In 2009, there were 644,240 hospital stays that included the implantation of a cardiac artery stent.\nThe rate of any cardiac stent procedure rose steadily from 1999 to 2006 by 61 percent and\nthen declined sharply between 2006 and 2009 by 27 percent. Sclerosis, a stiffening of a structure, has been associated with many diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis and ALS (which interfere with nervous system functions). Atherosclerosis is silent. Arteries have no pain sensors to alert of plaque build-up. It is the silent killer that leads to heart attacks and brain strokes.\n\nThe use of artery stents have greatly help reduce the incidence of heart disease and brain infarctions but implantation of artery stents isn’t a miraculous cure-all. Diet and exercise routines are fundamental. They are more minimally invasive approaches of more complex surgeries that are alerts that death was nearer than you thought.\n\nStents reduce the incidence of heart attacks and strokes but not necessarily lives, according to Duke University research. The artery stent was first introduced in 1994 and various technological innovations have improved their overall effectiveness. Prior to stents, the severity of atherosclerosis usually required more invasive procedures, such as arterial or coronary bypasses. President Clinton and TV host David Letterman are popular recipients of those surgeries. You will note that these are very conscious of lifestyle changes to maintain weight for health.\n\nSurgically implanting artery stents leaves no superficial scars. A catheter enters your groin area or your wrist to physically explore your arteries. Where significant blockage is visible, a stent is implanted via the catheter. For most of the procedure, you are under mild sedation – relaxed but conscious. A stent is like a spring of mesh that is inserted to support the artery wall. With time, the mesh and the artery wall unify. Heart artery stents wer approved by the FDA in 1994. Newer stents add a drug to the metallic material. This helps reduce Restenosis, a condition where the stent may collapse. Using these drug induced stents and certain prescribed oral medications help stabilize stent implantation.\n\nCommonly, artery stents are used in surgical procedures called percutaneous trans-luminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), also known as balloon angioplasty. These procedures are intended to reduce the risk of heart attacks or other complications stemming from coronary heart disease that involves the blockage of the arteries.\n\nVirtually non-invasive radiological detection of atherosclerosis has emerged in the 21st century and CAT or MRI scans and Ultrasound may be used as part of routine searches for atherosclerosis in specific arteries. This may account for the rise of artery stent intervention from 1999 to 2006. Angioplasty will be necessary if plaque accumulation is noted and is a way that artery stents are implanted. If no stent is implanted, it is an ambulatory procedure with no hospital stay. An implant requires at least 24-hour stay.\n\nAn artery stent was implanted. For around 2 years following an implant procedure, you will be prescribed a blood thinner drug (i.e Plavix, Warfarin, Xarelto) and low dose aspirin as an anti-coagulant. You are advised to reduce exercise and increase proper diet for a few weeks after surgery.\n\nCommon side effects of blood thinners are:\n\n◾Heavy menstrual flows\n◾Bloody or discolored urine or feces.\n◾Somewhat frequent nosebleeds.\n◾Bleeding gums.\n◾Prolonged bleeding from a cut and possible bruising.\n\nLess reported side effects may include:\n\n•Difficulty with breathing or swallowing\n•Leg weakness and Numbness\n•Paralysis (partial area restricted)\n\nWhile not all blood thinners are affected by the same substances, a number of foods, herbs, and medications can interact with blood-thinning medications. This can render the drug more or less effective than your dosage would suggest.\n\nMany physicians, in an effort to reduce cholesterol levels as a possible cause of atherosclerosis, also add statins (Lipitor) may lead to increased toxicity such as myopathy (inflammation of the muscles). Clinical trials commonly define statin toxicity as myalgia or muscle weakness with creatine kinase (CK) levels greater than 10 times the normal upper limit. The most frequrntly reported statin side effects are:\n\nWeakness and muscle pain\n\nPeople who smoke have an additional concern over Nicotine. The nicotine in cigarettes directly affects the inflammatory response, causing the release of more cytokines.Cytokines serve as molecular messengers between cells and regulate various inflammatory responses. There are many types of cytokines in the bloodstream and some are researched as possible sources of arthritis, fibromyalgia, and other pain or numbing diseases.\n\nThere is often a great emphasis in controlling plaque and vulnerable plaque in the arteries leading to the heart and brain. Less emphasis is focused on other narrower blood vessels that extend to the periphery of the body, such as hands and feet. The possible side effects of blood thinners, statins, and nicotine, plus vulnerable plaque, may be restricting blood flow and cytokines to various point s in legs and arms.\n\nThe effects of drugs, diet, lifestyle, and undetected vascular disintegrity may be associated with a less common side effect of artery stents. They are peripheral neuropathies, a numbness or tingling of hands and feet.\n\nI had numbness in the feet. I have since found several cases that have complained about some form of peripheral neuropathy that require assisted walking devices. Nearly all reported having at least one implanted stent. A few had as many as four stents. Medications can manage neuropathy symptoms but none claim to cure it. I have found long-term acupuncture to be effective. Acupuncturists offer differing techniques. I found New York’s East Wind Healing Arts to be the best.\n\nStents are used to help support decayed arteries and collapsing organs. They are used after coronary episodes and to prevent first episodes. As a wise approach in exploring annual routine health care, a comprehensive center of cardiologists, who also specialize as internists, may be sensitive enough to help ward off any problems.\n\nDiet and exercise help. Unfortunately, people of all shapes and sizes may be susceptible to atherosclerosis by virtue of genetics. Following responsible diets and physical activities are good avenues to support heat health within the generally healthy population.\n\nIt is likely that where atherosclerosis is present in arteries, there may be peripheral vascular disease found in the blood vessels feeding and protecting other areas of your body.\n\nYour body likes balance and works hard towards maintaining a stable balance. It has complex mechanisms that control internal fight/flight stress at microcellular levels. Sometimes it’s imperceptible while other times pain and inflammation may occur. While implanting artery stents may breed a host of annoying side effects, maintain an active relationship with your physicians and work hard toward living happily ever after.\n\nWhen necessary, artery stents are life savers but following more responsible lifestyles may add years of living well. As to dealing with side effects? Sometimes you have to weigh side effects or no life at all. Doctors and patients should be attentive and aware of those possible side effects and cooperate with healthcare and alternatives as successful treatments.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9341286420822144}
+{"content": "Dr. Mark McKenna On Building His Businesses And Setting Goals\n\nThe medical aesthetic industry is more accessible than it has been ever. Anything you desire is at your fingertips, just a phone call away. Entrepreneur, doctor, and philanthropist Dr. Mark McKenna has created a company called OVME that offers such services to people in the Atlanta, Georgia area. OVME is a full service medical aesthetic company that offers popular services such as botox, HCG, B-12, and so much more.\n\nDr. Mark McKenna got a jump start on his career by attending college. He went to Tulane University Medical School and got his medical degree from there. Fresh out of college, Mark got started by going into business with his father. Not only is Dr. Mark McKenna a doctor, but a real estate investor. He opened a boutique investment firm and real estate development company with his father called McKenna Venture Investments. Two other real estate companies were bought by the doctor, expanding on his entrepreneurial successes. Dr. McKenna has been really lucky to have always been his own boss. He has never worked for someone else. Though he never worked for a company, he wished that he would of found his passion earlier in life. He wished he would of slowed down and not rushed through things.\n\nDr. Mark McKenna uses certain techniques to actualize his dreams. He visualizes his dreams coming true and attributes this to his success. He also sets attainable goals. Making a workable plan with baby steps is how you achieve them. The successful entrepreneur likes to meditate to bring himself back into the moment. He tries to do it once a day. Dr. McKenna also reads quite a lot, whenever he can. He calls himself an avid reader. His favorite book is “Think and Grow Rich” by Napoleon Hill. He recommends that people read it. Dr. Mark McKenna lives in Atlanta, Georgia, but is from New Orleans. He had multiple businesses there until Hurricane Katrina destroyed them. Looking to help during a time of need, Mark helped rebuild the city with low to moderate income housing. Since moving to Atlanta, Mark has gotten married and they have a beautiful daughter. His businesses keep growing and expanding with time.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6459972262382507}
+{"content": "Poor Financial Management\n\nIn nursing homes, poor financial management is typically evidenced by short-sighted or nonexistent financial planning, shoddy bookkeeping, negative cash flow, lack of reserves, and frustrated vendors. Poor financial management can lead to quality issues, loss of market share, low morale, and departure of key employees and is an excellent indicator that it’s time to switch your nursing home management company.\n\nWe’re all familiar with the old saying “no margin, no mission,” but maintaining positive cash flow is more important than the bottom line. We analyze and manage your accounts receivable collection, supplies inventory, accounts payable, and costs to keep your cash flow position positive.\n\nKnowing your costs and maintaining positive relationships with your vendors are two simple ways to manage expenses. A solid understanding of how expenses relate to income is vital, and we ensure that your leaders are trained in proper financial management. We also emphasize the importance of managing vendor relationships to prevent costly interruptions in operations and to maintain your good reputation in the business community.\n\nCollections are also vital to the financial health of your nursing home. Payment for healthcare is very complex and involves insurance, government agencies, and out-of-pocket payments. We have the knowledge and expertise to navigate these complex issues and ensure that collections remain current.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5263679027557373}
+{"content": "Select a country\n\n\n\n\n\nFlorence is an important city in Italian fashion, being ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world; furthermore, it is a major national economic centre, as well as a tourist and industrial hub. In 2008, the city had the 17th highest average income in Italy.\n\nFlorence originated as a Roman city, and later, after a long period as a flourishing trading and banking medieval commune, it was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, it was politically, economically, and culturally one of the most important cities in Europe and the world from the 14th to 16th centuries.\n\n\nStarting from the late Middle Ages, Florentine money—in the form of the gold florin—financed the development of industry all over Europe, from Britain to Bruges, to Lyon and Hungary. Florentine bankers financed the English kings during the Hundred Years War. They similarly financed the papacy, including the construction of their provisional capital of Avignon and, after their return to Rome, the reconstruction and Renaissance embellishment of Rome.\n\nFlorence was home to the Medici, one of European history's most important noble families. Lorenzo de' Medici was considered a political and cultural mastermind of Italy in the late 15th century. Two members of the family were popes in the early 16th century: Leo X and Clement VII. Catherine de Medici married king Henry II of France and, after his death in 1559, reigned as regent in France. Marie de' Medici married Henry IV of France and gave birth to the future king Louis XIII. The Medici reigned as Grand Dukes of Tuscany, starting with Cosimo I de' Medici in 1569 and ending with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici in 1737.\n\nFlorence lies in a basin formed by the hills of Careggi, Fiesole, Settignano, Arcetri, Poggio Imperiale and Bellosguardo (Florence). The Arno river, three other minor rivers (Mugnone, Ema and Greve) and some streams flow through it.\n\nAside from such monuments, Florence contains numerous major squares (piazze) and streets. The Piazza della Repubblica is a square in the city centre, location of the cultural cafés and bourgeois palaces. Among the square's cafés (like Caffè Gilli, Paszkowski or the Hard Rock Cafè), the Giubbe Rosse café has long been a meeting place for artists and writers, notably those of Futurism. The Piazza Santa Croce is another; dominated by the Basilica of Santa Croce, it is a rectangular square in the centre of the city where the Calcio Fiorentino is played every year. Furthermore, there is the Piazza Santa Trinita, a square near the Arno that mark the end of the Via de' Tornabuoni street.\n\n\n\nIn 1200 the city was home to 50,000 people. By 1300 the population of the city proper was 120,000, with an additional 300,000 living in the Contado. Between 1500 and 1650 the population was around 70,000.\n\n\nAs of 2009, 87.46% of the population was Italian. An estimated 6,000 Chinese live in the city. The largest immigrant group came from other European countries (mostly Romanians and Albanians): 3.52%, East Asia (mostly Chinese and Filipino): 2.17%, the Americas: 1.41%, and North Africa (mostly Moroccan): 0.9%.\n\nTourism is, by far, the most important of all industries and most of the Florentine economy relies on the money generated by international arrivals and students studying in the city. Manufacturing and commerce, however, still remain highly important. Florence is also Italy's 17th richest city in terms of average workers' earnings, with the figure being €23,265 (the overall city's income is €6,531,204,473), coming after Mantua, yet surpassing Bolzano.\n\n\nSource: Wikipedia\n\nItaly Sights\n\nLocal News", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.633630633354187}
+{"content": "Folklife is the traditional expressive culture shared within groups of people. The definition used in the establishment of the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress in 1976 says, \"American folklife is the traditional, expressive, shared culture of various groups in the United States: familial, ethnic, occupational, religious, and regional. Expressive culture includes a wide range of creative and symbolic forms, such as custom, belief, technical skill, language, drama, ritual, architecture, music, play, dance, pageantry, and handicraft. Generally these expressions are learned orally, by imitation, or in performance, and are maintained or perpetuated without formal instruction or institutional direction. \"Folklorist Barbara Kirschenblatt-Gimblett calls folklore \"the aesthetics of everyday life.\" Nevada folklife includes Mexican tamale making, Basque accordion music, Washoe willow basketry, Hawaiian hula, buckaroo saddles, African-American hair braiding, and the language of craps dealers, to name just a few examples.\n\nThere are several key elements in understanding what folklore is and how it functions in society. First, it is shared among members of a group; it is not simply an individual creation. The group can be a tribe, an ethnic group, an occupational group such as cowboys or casino workers, a religious denomination, an age group such as schoolchildren, or even a family.\n\nSecond, folklore and folklife have continuity over time and become traditional for the people who use them. Often the origin of a traditional practice becomes accepted in the life of a community. Third, these traditions are shared and passed on informally, in face-to-face interactions, and through observation and hands-on practice. A boy growing up on a ranch learns to ride and rope, a Shoshone child goes on yearly pine-nut gathering trips with her family and hears stories about the animals and plants around her, a Filipino child in Las Vegas joins a dance group and learns the tinikling, and a new casino employee quickly picks up the insider language of the tables.\n\nFinally, folklore is creative. It goes beyond the strictly utilitarian and serves as an outlet for the expressive impulses all people possess. It can be an important part of individual and group identity, such as the fancy silver horse gear of the buckaroo, the exuberant folklorico dances of the Mexican community, or a beaded cradleboard lovingly made by a Shoshone grandmother to hold and protect a child.\n\nThe range of folklife is tremendous. It includes oral lore (stories, legends, and poetry), music (both instrumental and vocal), dance, crafts, art, architecture, food, ritual, religion, medicine, belief, celebration, games, occupational skills, and cultural landscapes. Folk speech includes regional accents, local terms, specialized language used on the job, and other creative forms of language. Some distinctively Nevada examples include the language of mining (high-grading, mucking), ranching, with its many words that come from Spanish (vaquero/buckaroo, riata), and terms from gambling such as \"that's a push\" or \"toke\" that have made their way into everyday conversation. Other forms of oral tradition include proverbs, jokes and riddles, legends, and cowboy poetry.\n\nPerformance traditions include vocal and instrumental music and dance. Many of Nevada's new immigrant communities have enriched the state with their dance groups, musical ensembles, and parades and festivals. Material culture includes a wide range of crafts, such as Native American willow basketry and beadwork, quilts, Ukrainian Easter eggs, Peruvian pottery, Thai vegetable carving, cowboy saddle making and rawhide braiding, blacksmithing, and Hawaiian lei making. Material traditions also include vernacular architecture, cemeteries, and cultural landscapes that put a human mark on the world.\n\nFolk beliefs include such things as good and bad luck signs, weather predictions, and dowsing or water witching to find underground water. Gambling lore is especially rich in Nevada–slot players have theories about which machines are lucky or due for a jackpot; players have good-luck items they carry or wear; and everyone has a theory on how to pick winning keno numbers. Another element of folk belief is folk medicine, which usually exists alongside conventional medicine. Home remedies for hiccups or colds are common, and many tribal and ethnic groups have a deep knowledge of traditional plants and herbs that can be used for curing.\n\nFoodways are among the most common expressions of traditional culture, and usually they are the element of a culture that is retained the longest after other things such as language or music are lost. Foods are especially important on holidays and ritual occasions and serve as markers of identity and heritage for many people.\n\nFolklife is the grassroots creative culture of Nevada, whether it has been there for thousands of years such as the lifeways of the Paiute people, a hundred years in the case of Las Vegas gaming traditions, or arrived last year with an immigrant from Africa. All people need to express who they are as a member of a larger community or multiple communities and in their everyday lives. Beauty and art are not for the elite alone but are expressed in the small acts of our days—a lullaby, a celebratory meal, a tune, a family heirloom handed down. Folklife expressions are the art we make ourselves with our hands and our hearts.\n\nGeographic Area: \n\nArticle Locations\n\nRelated Articles\n\nNone at this time.\n\nFurther Reading\n\nNone at this time.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8514494299888611}
+{"content": "How to write a successful motivational letter for abroad study application. Most common questions and responses\n\n\nDo you wish to study abroad? All papers are almost prepared? Read the most critical thing – a motivational letter. We asked a professional regarding how to write it to convince a variety committee. Understand that inspiration letter plays a decisive part when it comes to enrolling in studying.\n\nMain role of inspiration letter and its particular distinction from resume\n\nQ: What could be the main function of the motivational letter? Exactly What students does committee would like to get?\n\nA: They desire to choose students who will be particularly with the capacity of learning and therefore these students meet with the criteria they’ve identified because of the university. The criteria are particularly diverse: if you should be searching for a master’s program, then your assessment role is played by the obtained through your baccalaureate course, however the advanced schooling is additionally enthusiastic about the very first expert connection with the candidate, for instance, where and what practice he’s got been undergoing. Interest can be caused by other pursuits throughout the previous training – student awards, forex programs… All of this is desired because of the selection committee. Therefore, before you take a seat for writing a letter of motivation, it is critical to read carefully the regards to admission of students, which are usually contained on the internet site.\n\nQ: Sometimes future students think that a motivational page is a recipe for a resume. Could it be so?\n\nA: A resume is an essential part of a package of documents, however a motivational letter is something else. Needless to say, the letter of motivation should also contain certain points through the autobiography, but additionally information that it really is not in the resume: for instance, the list of personal abilities that might be specially highly relevant to the plumped for specialty, or even the main reasons why you determine to head to this higher training, and perhaps not to some other.\n\nInformation and design of motivation page\n\nQ: What information should contain a convincing motivational letter?\n\nA: The motivational page should cover three large areas that, so to speak, must be threaded through the whole document:\n\n  1. Firstly, it is critical to explain why you believe you are suitable for this specialty.\n  2. Second, very carefully justify the motivation for training in the chosen specialty.\n  3. And thirdly, as I have previously stated, at length, the reason why you decided to join this kind of university.\n\nQ: What can I consider within the type of writing a motivational letter?\n\nA: Write in an obvious language. Avoid long and overly complex sentences, this is certainly – the primary phrase and something or two complex. Then, in the audience of one’s motivational letter, you will get that promotion of someone who is able to express their opinion clearly. Avoid an incredibly relaxed style, spoken vocabulary. The writing should be divided in to clear essaywriters semantic components, but don’t number them plus don’t highlight them in italics or perhaps in bold. The text must remain the exact same. Structuring is done utilizing paragraphs.\n\nBe smart and give consideration!\n\nQ: how exactly to touch the jury through the very first sentences and enable the people in the choice committee to see the motivational letter to the end?\n\nA: Given the big quantity of motivational letters that members of the commission need to read, it is critical to focus on a really good moment in your previous pupil life. As an example, it will always be good to say in the really starting the superb successes while their studies at the undergraduate level. You could start with currently talking about an excellent training or the first expert experience that inspired you to definitely continue your studies in master’s system. But don’t repeat exactly the same arguments twice – it will surely make people bored.\n\nQ: Exactly how much time must I devote to writing?\n\nA: Typically, the amount of a motivational letter is from one to two. 5 pages. Simply Take the maximum amount of time as you need to state: I had written exactly what presents me best, achievement and ability, motivation to examine. Try not to pull to the last: usually do not write such an important letter within the last moment. In addition, the additional time will likely not interfere to provide somebody a way to read a motivational letter before sending it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7632017731666565}
+{"content": "Archive for July, 2012\n\nYes, Moneyed Interests Gained an Advantage After Citizens United, But Why Else is it Important?\n\nPosted on:\n\nConsiderable attention has been given to groups that gained a direct advantage as a result of the Citizens United case.  Significantly less has been devoted to understanding how the case affected other political institutions and what the implications may be.  Political parties are the wheels of democracy; they mobilize voters,  structure vote choices, recruit candidates, and function as a means of turning political preferences into policy.  In this article in Campaigns and Elections, Neil Reiff discusses how parties have been negatively impacted by recent campaign finance regulation (specifically since the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002) and why the outcome of the Citizens United case further exacerbates the problem.\n\nProcedure and Participation: How the Rules Affect the Game\n\nPosted on:\n\nA study analyzes how specific rules, in this case New York City’s “matching funds” program, affects the demographic and socioeconomic diversity of what groups choose to participate and contribute to campaigns.\n\nThe Supreme Court’s decision in the Citizens United case was largely predicated on theoretical concerns about free speech and First Amendment rights.  One of the key criticisms of the ruling was its failure to account for how the rules affect other important components of the electoral process, such as voter participation. New York City’s public financing matching program, in which contributions up to $150 are matched 6-1, is one example of how regulatory policy can have a positive effect on desirable outcomes; in this case, by increasing participation and expanding the diversity of the voter base.\n\nA recent study conducted by the Campaign Finance Center and New York University compared the state’s campaign finance system to the city’s system in order to see which appeared better suited to encourage (rather than suppress) participation among all demographic and socioeconomic groups.  It determined that by encouraging small dollar donations, the city’s matching program provided candidates a greater incentive to reach out to a greater variety of voters, which had a positive impact on participation rates of diverse groups.\n\nThe report’s co-authors conclude: “the city’s public financing system appears to have achieved one of its key goals — strengthening the connections between public officials and their constituents.”  The apparent success of the program has led to discussion of extending the policy to statewide elections in New York.\n\nTo be sure, reconciling the abstract nature of First Amendment concerns, with the realistic effect of how rules impact the behavior of both candidates and voters, is no easy task. However, it is perhaps our role as practitioners that lead us to conclude that the methods of one over the other seem more appealing and  beneficial to promoting a free and fair democratic electoral process.\n\nArticle Link: Study: Public Financing Contributes to Greater Diversity of Participation in NYC Elections\n\n\nThe Interaction of Personality and Procedure in Citizens United Decision\n\nPosted on:\n\nOne New Yorker piece by Jeffrey Toobin that we found particularly interesting discusses the role that Chief Justice John Roberts played in “orchestrating” the Citizens United decision.  In “Money Unlimited,” Toobin provides a comprehensive background of the events leading up to the now infamous decision that struck down the ban on corporate spending in elections. He examines the personality and individual motivations of the Justices, and explains how these crucial yet often neglected factors fundamentally shaped the landmark Citizens United ruling. Specifically, Toobin focuses on the impact that Chief Justice Roberts had on the ultimate outcome, and went so far as to state, “as American politics assumes its new form in the post-Citizens United era, the credit or the blame goes mostly to him.”\n\nHow did the Chief Justice accomplish such a feat? According to Toobin, John Roberts orchestrated the decision by manipulating the scope of the case, in other words, what legal question was being presented to the Court.  If Justice Roberts had maintained the narrow scope, then the decision would have been specific to the one case and would have had minimal impact beyond it. Instead, he shifted away from the specific facts of this one case and began focusing on more general and theoretical ones including the relationship between money, free speech, and First Amendment rights.  He also notes that Roberts also made use of tactical strategic choices. In assigning Justice Kennedy, both a noted First Amendment champion as well as the swing vote on the Court, the primary author of the Majority’s Opinion meant there would be no ambiguity in the final ruling.\n\nAs Toobin notes, “these rhetorical fights were a long way from the gritty business of raising and spending campaign money.”  Indeed, it is difficult to overlook the practical effect of the ruling now two and a half years later.  Speech may not be stifled, yet it is also certain that not all voices are being heard.\n\n\nArticle Link: Money Unlimited: How Chief Justice Roberts orchestrated the Citizens United Decision", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.952606201171875}
+{"content": "Code Breaker workshop.png\n\nDiscovering that 1 in 4 kids under 18 years are affected by bullying and 1 in 5 experience online bullying, I saw the need to develop a new approach to help children navigate all their emotions in a positive and far simpler way.  I know this will also help all children on both sides of bullying.  This is done through developing their self-awareness of words and affect, helping them reach their full potential.\n\nThe CODE BREAKER 2 hour workshop helps kids from 8 -18yrs to break down the complications, anxieties and negative habits that are taking over them and their lives.\n\nIt is an interactive workshop, working together to understand emotions and choose new positive habits and words so that they feel empowered to continually make choices they feel good about.\n\nEveryone gets to know who the real Inner person is. This is the foundation that moves them into understanding how words have an enormous impact, not only on what they say to others but, most importantly, what they say to themselves. Finally we look at The Emotional Code and how they can use their emotions to help them learn and grow in a positive and constructive way.\n\nCommuncation for Coaches.png\n\nAs a basketball coach myself I understand the importance being able to unite the whole team, but also to build trust within each individual so that both the team and player success are continually aligned.  With the welcome rise of women’s football it is clear that these athletes require a different coaching approach to continually challenge and encourage to gain the greatest capacity for building skill and ability.\n\nThroughout my career communication has been a main ingredient to success, both personally and professionally. Around 4 years ago I developed a new way of looking at communication from an inside out approach.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9388296008110046}
+{"content": "Monday 12 November, 2018\n\nBrace for above-normal Hurricane Season - Met Service\n\n\nSpecifically, the outlook calls for a 70% probability for each of the following ranges of activity:\n\n  • 11-17 Named Storms, which includes Tropical Storm Arlene in April\n  �� 5-9 Hurricanes\n  • 2-4 Major Hurricanes\n\nThe above outlook will be updated in early-August, prior to the peak of the season.\n\n\nHow to interpret this forecast…\n\nThis outlook indicates, by way of probabilities, the likelihood of an above-normal, near-normal or below-normal season. A ‘normal’ season produces on average, 12 named storms, six of which become hurricanes and three of which become\n\nhurricanes of category 3 or higher (major hurricanes). The number of named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes predicted are given as ranges for which there is a 70% probability for each of the ranges provided above.\n\nThe outlook is produced from climate models that directly predict seasonal hurricane activity and from the predictions of how large-scale climate factors, such as El Nino/La Nina are expected to influence seasonal hurricane activity.\n\nSince no climate model or prediction of climate factors is accurate 100% of the time, the purpose of the outlook is to provide a general guide to the expected overall activity during the upcoming hurricane season.\n\nThe outlook does not provide a prediction of the number of storms expected to make landfall over Jamaica nor any impact for any particular location on the island.\n\nWhere the storms are likely to form…\n\nThe figures below show the areas of origin and tracks of tropical cyclones during the months of June, July and August. These figures are based on climatological averages but tropical cyclones can originate in different locations and have varying tracks that depart from the average.\n\n\n\n\nBeing prepared…\n\nWhether the seasonal prediction is for above-normal or below-normal activity, a disaster can occur from only one hurricane or tropical storm, or even from a lesser developing system. Fishers and other marine operators, are usually the first to be impacted by emerging weather systems at sea so they are specially urged to be alert during this time of the year. Residents are advised to prepare for each hurricane season regardless of the seasonal forecast. During the month of June, being recognized as Disaster Preparedness Month, the Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management (ODPEM) will provide important hurricane preparedness information through their offices and the mass media.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999750018119812}
+{"content": "Sam is a Nepal-born, Emmy-nominated, video producer who was raised in Oregon. Curiosity and ambition is what drives Sam and, since his youth, he considers the computer to be his canvas and the mouse his paintbrush. As an artist, his main ambition is to be an effective storyteller and he has acquired jack-of-all-trades set of skills to achieve this. Sam is a savvy researcher who can shoot, edit, provide basic sound design and even design graphics!\n\nHis first stab at making videos was at Benson Polytechnic High School where he specialized in photography and video.  As a high school student, he won a gold medal in regional vocational competition in video production.\n\nSam graduated with a BS in Mathematics and a BFA in Digital Arts from University of Oregon. His photo series, titled Tourist in my own Homeland, was featured at the LaVerne Krause Gallery at University of Oregon. In 2010, Sam received his MFA in Television Production from Brooklyn College.\n\nCurrently, Sam works for CUNY TV where he has edited over 100 segments of various subjects for numerous news-magazine shows. In 2016, he was nominated for a New York Emmy for his editing work on Comfort Women at CUNY TV. \n\nSince 2007, Sam has been freelancing for various events around New York City. He was a camera operator and an assistant producer for Meat Rhapsody which was featured in one of the leading South Korean television and radio networks, Munwah Broadcasting Association. He has also been an assistant camera for New York Times where he interviewed number of players from Seattle Seahawks of National Football Association. \n\nAside from being on the field or editing at an office, Sam has also taught at Brooklyn College as an adjunct professor in the art of video production. He has also led a workshop at CUNY Graduate School of Journalism to teach prospective journalists to use Final Cut Pro X to tell his/her story. \n\nIn 2015, Sam completed his first documentary titled, Reviving Nepal Bhasa, with a fellow journalist Bimina Ranjit. The 30-min movie highlights an important social issue that often seems to go unnoticed, the loss of native languages around the world to globalization. This film was selected for Hoboken International Film Festival (2015) and it was nominated for Best Documentary Short at the Queens World Film Festival (2016) and is anticipating more announcements in the near future.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9869847893714905}
+{"content": "Paul joined Starspeed in January 2015.\n\nHe started flying with Army, flew for 9 years until the end of 1999. He was a member of QHI and Blues Eagles Display team for 2 years, flew as a police relief EC135 pilot and then worked as a Training Captain for McAlpine/Premiair until March 2013.\n\nHe was an EC155 Captain for Air Harrods and is now an EC135 Training Captain, EC155 Pilot for Starspeed.\n\nStarted flying 1n 1990\n\nTotal hours to date 7200\n\nEASA ATPL (H) with Single/Multi Crew instrument rating. TRI/E EC135", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9992408156394958}
+{"content": "Syria’s Assad says he is ready for truce if ‘terrorists’ do not exploit it\n\n21 Feb, 2016 7:32 pm\n\nBEIRUT/MADRID – Syrian President Bashar al-Assad said on Saturday he was ready for a ceasefire, on condition “terrorists” did not use a lull in fighting to their advantage and that countries backing insurgents halted support for them.\n\nHis comments were made as the Syrian opposition said it had agreed to the “possibility” of a temporary truce, provided there were guarantees Damascus’s allies including Russia would cease fire, sieges were lifted and aid deliveries were allowed country-wide.\n\n“We have said that we are ready to stop military operations, but the issue relates to more important factors … such as preventing terrorists from using it to improve their positions,” Assad told Spanish newspaper El Pais in an interview.\n\n\nDamascus refers to all insurgents fighting against the Syrian army and its allies as terrorists.\n\nTurkey, other Sunni regional powers and Western countries have supported insurgents fighting against Assad, whose forces are bolstered by Iran, Russia and Lebanese Hezbollah.\n\nAsked about the possibility of Turkey and Saudi Arabia sending ground forces into Syria, Assad said: “We’re going to deal with them like we deal with the terrorists. We’re going to defend our country. This is aggression.”\n\n\n\n\nAssad said last week he would keep “fighting terrorism” while peace talks took place, vowing to retake the whole country.\n\nHe told El Pais his troops were now close to fully controlling the northern city of Aleppo and were advancing towards the Islamic State stronghold of Raqqa province.\n\nOnce he has control of the country, Assad also said in the interview, the next step would be to form a national unity government that would lay the groundwork for a new constitution and general elections. -Reuters\n\nLatest Videos", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6365039944648743}
+{"content": "Marinescu, Gheorghe\n\nMarinescu, Gheorghe\n\n\nBorn 1863; died 1938. Rumanian neurologist. Academician of the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Rumania (1906).\n\nMarinescu worked in the laboratories of J. Charcot and E. Du Bois-Reymond. In 1897 he established the first independent chair of neurology in Rumania, which he headed for more than 40 years. He played a significant role in spreading the ideas of I. P. Pavlov in world scientific circles. In 1935, Marinescu was awarded a prize by the French Academy of Sciences for his monograph on conditioned reflexes. He made a substantial contribution to the study of the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex and developed a theory of the “reflex mechanism of trophic function.” Marinescu created an important school in medicine, whose representatives included C. Parhon. He was a\n\nTable 1b. Results of Mariner flights\nMariner 1Launch vehicle with Mariner 1 deviated from course and was destroyed.\nMariner 2Fly-by of Venus on Dec. 14, 1962, at a distance of 34,600 km. Communication with\nMariner 2 was maintained until Jan. 4, 1963. Artificial satellite of the sun.\nMariner 3Contact with Mariner 3 lost ten hours after launch. Artificial satellite of the sun.\nMariner 4Fly-by of Mars on July 15, 1965, at a distance of 9,850 km. Communication with\nMariner 4 was maintained until Dec. 20, 1967. Artificial satellite of the sun.\nMariner 5Fly-by of Venus on Oct. 19, 1967, at a distance of 3,990 km. Communication with\nMariner 5 was maintained until Nov. 22, 1967. Artificial satellite of the sun.\nMariner 6Fly-by of Mars on July 31, 1969, at a distance of 3,430 km. Artificial satellite of the sun.\nMariner 7Fly-by of Mars on Aug. 5, 1969, at a distance of 3,430 km. Artificial satellite of the sun.\nMariner 8Launch vehicle carrying Mariner 8 went out of control and fell into the Atlantic Ocean.\nMariner 9On Nov. 13, 1971, became the first artificial satellite of Mars. Between Nov. 13, 1971,\nand Oct. 27, 1972, made 7,329 photographs from the surface of MaYs, as well as\nphotographs of the Martian moons Deimos and Phobos.\nMariner 10Fly-by of Venus on Feb. 5, 1974, at a\ndistance of 5,700 km; fly-by of Mercury at a distance of about 1 ,000 km.\n\nmember of the Society of Friends of the USSR when reaction was rampant in Rumania. Marinescu was an honorary member of seven foreign academies of sciences and 22 scientific societies of countries in Europe and America, including the Moscow Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists.\n\n\nLa Cellule nerveuse, vols. 1-2. Paris, 1909.\nDes Réflexes conditionnels. Paris, 1935. (With G. Dumas.)\nIn Russian translation:\nKriticheskii ocherk khirurgii spinnogo mozga na voine. Petrograd, 1917.\n\n\nShpil’mann, I. “George Marinesku i russkaia nauka.” Sovetskoe zdravookhranenie, 1964, no. 1.\nMentioned in ?\nReferences in periodicals archive ?\nalong with the military attaches--Nicolae Arion, Costiescu Matila Ghica, Douglas Capitaneanu, Radu Rosetti, Nicolae Radescu, Constantin Sanatescu, Gheorghe Niculescu, Ermil Gheorghiu, Cezar Marinescu, Gheorghe Iliescu (10) contributed to the development of these connections.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6287150382995605}
+{"content": "Readings: Bakewell, Aziz\n\n\n\n\n\nNew books I care about, 9.28.2015\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIt also makes me really thirsty.\n\n\n\nAnd finally, this misleadingly titled gem is out tomorrow:\n\n\n‘Renascent barbarism’: J. G. Ballard, High-rise\n\nhighriseJ. G. Ballard normally gets shoved into the regular fiction section, and I occasionally go and rescue his stuff from there (or at least double-section it in speculative fiction as well). Dystopian post-apocalyptic novels are his thing. High-rise is not specifically post-apocalyptic, and it is dystopian in a very circumscribed way — the world is falling apart, but it’s a world consisting of just one building.\n\nIn a sense, the book seems like the product of its time (it was first published in 1975). The idea that people will go insane if a bunch of them live in a high-rise building without any need for outside world does not really seem all that threatening in the present day. There are plenty of people living in tall buildings without resorting to eating each other’s dogs. The subject of people confined together and left to their own devices is still around (see Under the Dome), but the ensuing madness usually has some kind of external reason, whereas in High-rise it just arises from within, due entirely to the psychological effect of living in this microcosm. As far as we can tell, the world outside the high-rise is chugging on just fine. Several residents do leave. A handful more would like to leave but seem psychologically unable to do so. And the majority seems perfectly happy to stick around and engage in elevator battles and poolside skirmishes.\n\nHigh-rise is still a fascinating read. You know it’s not going to end well, but the morbid part of you want to stick around and watch. The tone of the novel is rather dispassionate, as if someone were simply reporting on the disintegration and decay, listing things that are destroyed and describing pieces of rubbish. The people either dully observe what is happening around them, or get seized by some primal desire to assert themselves on this battlefield either by violence or by senseless destruction of their environment. Their decline as humans is evident from the start when the first targets of their complaints and hostility turn out to be children and animals. Empathy is gone. People leaves partners on a whim and sleep around. By the end of the novel, most of them don’t seem human at all: there are no meaningful conversations or interactions. Most characters seem to lose their power of speech entirely.\n\nYou know it’s going downhill, and that’s precisely the problem. Near the end of the novel, one of the characters observes that ‘almost everything that could happen had already taken place.’ And that’s it. It took me a while to finish this book because the ‘demented inventory’ of destruction, wanton acts of violence, and just sheer inhumanity (or maybe humanity?) were all that I was going to get out of this book. Ballard is a great writer, and his style does convey the degradation of the high-rise society, but after a while it gets tiresome, and you want something more, something more to the story. There are too many people, often identified just by their floor number and last name, but none of them seem to matter, and so you find yourself empathizing with the dogs. By the time you get to the end, you’re pretty much entirely desensitized to anything that might happen to humans in the building, and the novel itself seems like a psychological experiment of a kind no longer approved by ethics boards.\n\nBlurbs, the gritty edition! I consume Abercrombie, Sternbergh, and Hurley\n\nhalf-a-kingJoe Abercrombie’s new book is marketed as YA, I hear. In Abercrombie’s world, it seems the only difference is that there isn’t as much swearing. The first 30 pages seemed ordinary enough that I was starting to worry a bit, but no, Abercrombie did not disappoint in the matter of plot twists and well, plotting. Half a King could be the perfect gateway drug to fantasy for some unsuspecting teenager. It reminded me of my first foray into fantasy with Tad Williams’s Dragonbone Chair (I’m not counting Tolkien, oddly enough, as I got into him much later), though it is definitely grittier. You will have to wait a few months for this one, as it is not out till July.\n\nshovelreadyShovel Ready wins the award for the Largest Number of One-Word Sentences in a Novel. It might also be the only book written about a garbageman, albeit a former one. Great narrator, fun read, but I can’t say it really stayed with me. I think it’s really my current overload with dystopian settings, though I did enjoy snappy narration (and I am normally not a fan of one-word sentences and one-sentence paragraphs) and noirish elements. It would probably be quite excellent as an audio book.\n\nI came home one night after an absolutely exhausting work week. I got some bourbon (Bulleit, if you are wondering), and looked through my books. I picked up a couple of books: one turned out to be too depressing, another one turned out to be a lackluster version of something I had read years ago. Then I realized I’ve had God’s War sitting on my shelf ever since it came out, and I never got around to reading it.\n\ngodswarIn short: guys, it is not perfect, but it is complex and smart. It has kick-ass women. Oh, and everything runs on bugs. This includes all tech. Which makes certain kind of sense: there are a lot of insects, why not use them to produce fuel, or to heal (we are starting a bit smaller, see here about bacteria that can repair its own radiation damage). The book is also an interesting mix of both sci-fi (tech) and fantasy (people who have affinity for manipulating bugs are called magicians). Besides the world-building, what makes God’s War an example of great speculative fiction is its hard look at gender, religion, and the necessity (or lack thereof) of war.\n\nReview: All The Lives He Led by Frederik Pohl\n\nPublished: April 2011\n\nWhere I got it: The Library\n\nThis review was originally written for Worlds Without End’s Grand Master Reading Challenge (GMRC).\n\nI think it’s a little strange to start reading Frederik Pohl with his latest book, All the Lives He Led.  After all, the man has been writing award-winning sci-fi since way before I was born. And after reading this book, I realize this is also not perhaps the best introduction to Pohl’s work, because unless you know about Frederik Pohl’s track record and are determined to read more of him, this book alone would not inspire you to do so.\n\nThe main character is Brad Sheridan — born into a well-to-do family, his fortunes change with the eruption of a super-volcano in Yellowstone that covers half of United States with ash. Brad’s family loses their fortune and moves to a refugee camp on Staten Island. Brad grows up committing petty crimes and getting mixed up in shady deals. He then signs up as an Indentured person and moves first to Egypt, then to Pompeii, to work at what is now a tourist theme park, complete with Roman currency, people selling Roman wine and food, and the city rebuilt via virtual reality.\n\nAt its core, the story is a thriller set in a dystopia– terrorism is common world-wide, with attacks happening virtually every day; people start dying of a mysterious disease nicknamed Pompeii Flu; Brad’s girlfriend, a mysterious and beautiful woman named Gerda, disappears without a trace; his coworker is found dead. And yet despite all these things happening, the story just seemed rather boring. Perhaps it is because Pohl’s writing seems ill-suited to the thriller genre and does not convey a sense of suspense and mystery. Perhaps it is the characters. Brad is extremely difficult to sympathize with. He is not likeable or smart — he is a pretty crude (for lack of a better word) guy, especially in the way he talks about women. He is also, despite having grown up in a rough environment, somewhat lacking in street smarts — he talks about things he probably shouldn’t talk about, fails to observe the fairly obvious.  His pining for Gerda does not elicit any sympathy either and actually starts grating on reader’s nerves after a while. The problem also is that Brad is one of those main characters who has things happening to him rather than making things happen. This, unfortunately, makes for a very shallow story — there is a multitude of events and characters, but the only way we know what is happening is to read about Brad’s reactions to all these events.\n\nThis is obviously a work of a writer with many novels under his belt, because even despite the unsympathetic character and at times slow action, you keep reading, because the narrative is just so smooth. It is a good read, but it does not read like Pohl’s best work.\n\nThis one gets 2 denarii out of 5 from me. Never fear, I will read Pohl’s other stuff (a copy of Gateway is on my nightstand).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7736361026763916}
+{"content": "\n\n\n\n\nGuru Nanak (1469–1539), founder of Sikhism, was born to Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta, in the village of Talwandi, now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore. Guru Nanak was a religious leader and social reformer. However, Sikh political history may be said to begin with the death of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev, in 1606. Religious practices were formalised by Guru Gobind Singh on 30 March 1699. Gobind Singh initiated five people from a variety of social backgrounds, known as the Panj Piare (the five beloved ones) to form the Khalsa, or collective body of initiated Sikhs. During the period of Mughal rule in India (1556��1707) several Sikh gurus were killed by the Mughals for opposing their persecution of minority religious communities including Sikhs. Sikhs subsequently militarized to oppose Mughal rule.\n\n Metal helmet in a museum\nSikh Khalsa Army sowar's battle helmet\n\n\nAfter defeating the AfghanMughal and Maratha invaders, the Misls were formed, under Sultan-ul-Quam Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. The confederacy was unified and transformed into the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh Bahadur, which was characterised by religious tolerance and pluralism, with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The empire is considered the zenith of political Sikhism, encompassing KashmirLadakh and PeshawarHari Singh Nalwa, the commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army in the North West Frontier, expanded the confederacy to the Khyber Pass. Its secular administration implemented military, economic and governmental reforms.\n\nSikh armour and weapons\n\nAfter the annexation of the Sikh kingdom by the British, the latter recognized the martial qualities of the Sikhs and Punjabis in general and started recruiting from that area. During the 1857 Indian mutiny, the Sikhs stayed loyal to the British. This resulted in heavy recruiting from Punjab to the colonial army for the next 90 years of the British Raj. The distinct turban that differentiates a Sikh from other turban wearers is a relic of the rules of the British Indian Army.[According to Mahmud, the British did not discover the Martial race of the Sikh, it was rather created by the British.\n\nThe British colonial rule saw the emergence of many reform movements in India including Punjab. This included formation in 1873 and 1879 of the First and Second Singh Sabha respectively. The Sikh leaders of the Singh Sabha worked to offer a clear definition of Sikh identity and tried to purify Sikh belief and practice.\n\nThe later part of British colonial rule saw the emergence of the Akali movement or the Gurdwara Reform Movement to bring reform in the gurdwaras during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC).[\n\nThe months leading up to the partition of India in 1947 were marked by conflict in the Punjab between Sikhs and Muslims. This caused the religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus from West Punjab, mirroring a similar religious migration of Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab. The 1960s saw growing animosity between Sikhs and Hindus in India, with the Sikhs demanding the creation of a Punjab state on a linguistic basis similar to other states in India. This was promised to Sikh leader Master Tara Singh by Jawaharlal Nehru, in return for Sikh political support during negotiations for Indian independence. Although the Sikhs obtained the Punjab, they lost Hindi-speaking areas to Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. Chandigarh was made a union territory and the capital of Haryana and Punjab on 1 November 1966.\n\nTensions arose again during the late 1970s, fueled by Sikh claims of discrimination and marginalisation by the Hindu-dominated Indian National Congress party and tactics adopted by the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. According to Katherine Frank, Indira Gandhi's assumption of emergency powers in 1975 resulted in the weakening of the \"legitimate and impartial machinery of government,\" and her increasing \"paranoia\" about opposing political groups led her to institute a \"despotic policy of playing castes, religions and political groups against each other for political advantage.\" Sikh leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale articulated Sikh demands for justice, and this triggered violence in the Punjab. The prime minister's 1984 defeat of Bhindranwale led to an attack on the Golden Temple in Operation Blue Star and to her assassination by her Sikh bodyguards. Gandhi's assassination resulted in an explosion of violence against Sikh communities and the killing of thousands of Sikhs throughout India. Since 1984, relations between Sikhs and Hindus have moved toward a rapprochement aided by economic prosperity. However, a 2002 claim by the Hindu right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) that \"Sikhs are Hindus\" disturbed Sikh sensibilities. The Khalistan movement campaigns for justice for the victims of the violence, and for the political and economic needs of the Punjab.\n\nDuring the 1999 Vaisakhi, Sikhs worldwide celebrated the 300th anniversary of the creation of the KhalsaCanada Post honoured Sikh Canadians with a commemorative stamp in conjunction with the 300th anniversary of Vaisakhi. On April 9, 1999, Indian president K.R. Narayanan issued a stamp commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Khalsa.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8852121233940125}
+{"content": "Trends: stan lee, jaden smith, detective pikachu, facebook down, toy story 4, michael b jordan, jordy nelson, travis scott, michelle obama, halle berry, brandon marshall, baraboo high school, qualtrics, kamala harris, shadowhunters, richard ojeda, stanley, is there school on veterans day, duke, dallas cowboys,\n\nRecent search: total quality management basics for small businesses, total phosphorus definition, total male physical exam, total nitrogen and protein nitrogen, total population of new york, total recall quato, total rainfall los angeles, total personnel club, total plant hire, total loss brokers, total quality management in information management, total recorder 3.0.1, total pda promotional codes, total package boxing gym, total loss management concepts, total resource solutions australia, total quality management in hospital, total recorder serial 5, total resource solutions, total rainfall for asheville nc, total lunar eclipse february, total recorder 5.0 serial, total motorcycle arcade, total quality management activity based costing, total recorder download, total quality management companies, total recorder standard edition 4.4, total living concept, total realty dewitt iowa, total rental flagstaff, total number of bones of an adult, total no one else, total number of radio stations, total net worth, total public land in montana, total logistics india pvt ltd, total paging file, total receipts test, total outstanding debt to net plant assets, total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon, total of books in a bible, total logistics provider, total quality management control charts, total records management, total production of twifo oil palm plantation in 2003, total net control, total r b, total ltd, total restoration ministries phoenix arizona, total mass required to cause gravitational lensing of galaxie clusters, total recorder standard, total population in canada, total recorder professional edition 4.5, total memory loss, total pole airship, total number whoppers sold, total rating points, total link int recruiting tips, total phase, total plastic, total network solution, total line hvac, total motor cycle com, total organic carbon - high salts, total merchandise ltd, total quality management and loyalty, total nigeria plc, total members in wisconsin the house of representatives, total pipeline, total polyphenols apple mg, total return investment, total lunar eclipse 2/20/08, total no. of websites 1996 to 2007, total product concept in logistics, total number of us troops in iraq, total parasite, total number of daycares in missoula 2007, total process, total number of hits, total predictive maintenance, total quality management is a, total recorder vista, total performance engineering, total lose, total quality management benchmarking, total number of facebook users, total protein albumin, total power services nz, total recorder professional v5.0 serial, total package computers richmond bc, total metals analysis, total mobile audio t4002, total rentals, total praise richard smallwood, total movement services, total number of concentration camps, total network inventory crack, total quality management magazine, total quality management uk, total operating revenues,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9990569949150085}
+{"content": "T-Phones are an invention created by Donatello and are used by him and the Turtles as primary means of communication when missions require them to spread out. They are the Turtles' cellular devices used for the 2012 TV series.\n\n\nMonkey Brains - T-Phones are created.\n\nMousers Attack! - When April O'Neil's cell phone was stolen by the Purple Dragons and eventually destroyed, Donatello gave her a T-Phone to replace it.\n\n\nAll the T-Phones are shaped like turtle shells and have color schemes to match their users. They serve the same purpose as a typical cellphone, and are normally used for the Turtles and April to communicate over long distances. They have also extra features such as games, a camera, and a tracking app. In case of emergency, the phones are programmed to self-destruct when the phrase \"T-Phone, self-destruct\" is spoken.\n\n\n\nSee Also", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5333271026611328}
+{"content": "03/12/2017 11:53 GMT+7 Email Print Like 0\n\nVietnam to grant e-visas to citizens of six more nations\n\nCitizens of additional six countries can now apply for and receive Vietnamese e-visas.\n\nUnder the Government’s newly-issued Decree 124/NQ-CP, the six nations added to the list are Australia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Canada, India, the Netherlands and New Zealand.\n\nPreviously, under Decree 07/2017/ND-CP defining procedures on piloting e-visa for foreign citizens, visitors from 40 countries are allowed to apply for Vietnamese visas and pay fees online.\n\nVietnam launched a two-year pilot e-visa programme on February 1, 2017, for citizens of 40 countries.\n\nThe first foreigner to receive an e-visa was a British tourist.\n\nThe countries include Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brunei, Bulgaria, Chile, China (not applicable to Chinese e-passport holders), Colombia, Cuba, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Myanmar, Norway, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden, Timor Leste, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay and Venezuela.\n\nApplications for the 30-day visa can be submitted to http://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn or http://immigration.gov.vn, and the grant of visa or rejection will be sent within three working days.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6363451480865479}
+{"content": "texting while driving\n\nNearly Half of Teens Admit to Texting While Driving\n\n\n\n  • 97% think text messaging while driving is dangerous.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReducing teen crash rates\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHelp… My Teenager Drives Like a 70-Year-Old!\n\nThat will be the cry of parents everywhere if they do not enforce state laws – or their own house rules – prohibiting their teens from talking on a cellular telephone while driving.\n\nResearch published by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) says that talking on a cell phone turns the reaction time of the average 20-year-old driver into that of a 70-year-old. Researchers observed study participants on four simulated 10-mile trips lasting 10 minutes each. Participants talked on a cell phone during half of the trips and drove without talking for the other half. Hands-free cell phones were used for the study. The results of the study indicated that young drivers were 18% slower in braking response time and took 17% longer to regain the speed they lost while braking when they were using the cell phone.\n\nThe difference seems small but is significant – an extra fraction of a second could mean the difference between life and death in an emergency situation.\n\nYoung drivers (the term typically refers to drivers under the age of 21) need to know that the fast reflexes and excellent coordination they take for granted can easily be compromised when they submit to the lure of using a cell phone behind the wheel.\n\nAnd parents of young drivers need to know that enforcement of cell phone laws depends on the example they set for their own teens and enforcement of (or creation of, if there’s no state law) a strict rule about not driving while talking on a cell phone in their own household. Recent research indicates that enactment of a state law prohibiting cell phone use while driving is not sufficient to keep teens from doing so.\n\nA study by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety/UNC Highway Safety Research Center showed that teenage drivers’ cell phone use actually went up after the state of North Carolina enacted a ban on cell phone use by young drivers. The ban on cell phone use by drivers younger than age 18 is part of the state’s graduated licensing program.\n\nOne to two months prior to the ban’s start on Dec. 1, 2006, researchers observed 11% of teen drivers using cell phones as they drove away from school in the afternoon. About five months after the ban, they observed nearly 12% of teen drivers using phones. Half of the teens surveyed by phone after the law took effect said that they had used their cell phones, if they had driven, the day before the interview.\n\nInterestingly, both young drivers and their parents strongly support the law (74% of teens and 95% of their parents) and say that the problem is that it isn’t being enforced. But teens have a far better rate of compliance with other graduated licensing restrictions even when those laws aren’t well-enforced.\n\n“Most young drivers comply with graduated licensing restrictions such as limits on nighttime driving and passengers, even when enforcement is low,” says Anne McCartt, Institute senior vice president for research and an author of the study. “The hope in North Carolina was that the same would hold true for cell phone use, but this wasn’t the case…Parents play a big role in compliance with graduated licensing rules.”\n\nStudies show that teenage minds are predisposed to risk-taking. In 2005 and 2006, a series of risk-reward studies across a range of age groups funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and published in The Journal of Neuroscience showed that when confronted with risky choices, the brains of teenagers exhibit twice as much activity in the impulse area as adult brains, while the area that expresses restraint shows less activity. The study indicated that it takes until the early 20s for the two areas to reach parity.\n\nThis biological imperative to throw caution to the wind, combined with a teenager’s natural rebellion and peer pressure to be able to handle dangerous situations without exhibiting fear, is a deadly mix.\n\nEnforcement of the law is typically the purview of law enforcement, not parents. But a teen may only be motivated to comply when the law and parental “house rules” intersect, as in the case of driving curfews that are part of the graduated driver’s license programs in most states and household curfews that parents implement for the health and safety of their children.\n\n“Cell phone bans for teen drivers are difficult to enforce,” McCartt says. “Drivers with phones to their ears aren’t hard to spot, but it’s nearly impossible for police officers to see hands-free devices or correctly guess how old drivers are.”\n\nAnd Barbara Harsha, executive direction of the Governors Highway Safety Association, says, “What [cell phones while driving] laws do is send the message to the parent more than anything else.”\n\nWhen surveyed after the cell phone restrictions in North Carolina took effect, only 39% of parents said they were aware of the cell phone law, compared with 64% of teen drivers. If only 39% of parents even knew the law existed, how many parents had discussed the law with their children? If parents knew about the law, they could use it to support their own house rules. If cell phone use while driving hadn’t been banned by the parents previously, they could use the state law as support for a new house rule.\n\nPerhaps most difficult for some parents is setting a good example for their teens. Parents must drive the speed limit, wear their seat belts, avoid driving distractions such as cell phone use, and drive defensively. They should pull over to use their cell phones or have a passenger answer it instead. Parents should use this time to point out drivers who demonstrate risky behavior, including talking on cell phones, and initiate a discussion by asking the teen driver to explain why it’s unsafe. Here is a Parent Teen Driving Contract with recommendations from the Driver Education Handbook for Parents to help you and your teen compose a practical contract of rules regarding driving expectations.\n\nPoor decision making\n\nPoor Decision Making a Key Factor in Teen Driving Accidents and Fatalities?\n\nThere was a recent editorial on teen driving on teenspeakonline.com and it addressed the new driving laws in Illinois as well as the ineffectiveness that they expect them to have. This editorial says that teen drivers are not necessarily bad ones but rather they make poor decisions. Hmmm … this is no new news to many people.\n\nThe editorial goes on to say that teen drivers are a bigger risk because they put themselves into more and more risky driving situations. Yes, this is definitely true and then the editorial goes on to say politicians are well-meaning in their approval and passing of newer, stricter driving laws but that they are not going to do any good. Now this is where things get a little interesting.\n\nThe teen writing this editorial goes on to say that the new laws are increasing the waiting time a teen has in order to receive their license but not increasing the practice time requirement. They believe that the extra wait time infers the need for additional practice time. This is likely accurate because it is definitely hopeful that teens will not just sit around waiting for the magical day but rather do something constructive like practice.\n\nThis teen editorial goes on to say that the new laws which increase the restriction of driving with more than one teen passenger in the car is getting bumped from 6 months to a year and teens do not understand this law. This editorialist continues on that their driver’s education class just spouts off the new laws but does not talk about the “whys” of it all. Ok, this is where the teen starts to make excuses for their generation. Basically the gist is that because teens don’t understand some of the laws that mean they are going to break them anyway. What?\n\nTeenagers want adults to give them some credit (meaning common sense) when it comes to driving and yet the teen editorialist is basically pleading some type of ignorance saying that teens don’t understand why some of these laws are being put in place? Teens are savvy and they know exactly why these laws are being passed – because their peers are being killed!\n\nTeens know the details of how a peer has gotten killed because they indulge in the same behaviors and allow themselves to be distracted in the same ways. Yet, they never believe an accident or death will every happen to them. It is not ignorance that is holding teens back from following the rules of the road, it is simple denial.\n\nTaking Do as I Say, Not as I Do to the Limit with Teens\n\nPerhaps one of the most important axioms today when it comes to shaping young minds is “lead by example.” However, you better watch what you do behind the wheel of your car! Your teenagers may seem that they are indifferent to the world around them, buried in their MP3 player or Gameboy, but they are truly watching your every move behind the wheel, at least part of the time.\n\nThe concept of “leading by example” is definitely an altruistic one that parents say they often do, but surveys of teens across the country say that the parent contingent is rather lax in that area. There are teen reports of parents shouting at drivers, talking on the cell phone while driving, not wearing seat belts and much more.\n\nThe key to bringing down that high figure of teenage driving fatalities is for parents to start doing what they say they do (but don’t) and actually practice safe driving practices. For many, that is likely easier said than done. It is hard retraining your self to not slip into bad habits, to not reach for that cell phone or hot cup of coffee while driving. However, if you start driving more safely, the only habits your teens are going to form are good ones.\n\nTo give you an idea of what teens say about their parent’s driving habits, about 40% have said that they have actually been scared of something their parents did behind the wheel. Multi-tasking is another big problem that parents perpetuate. Is it really important to change the radio, dial a number on the cell phone and drive with your knees? What did drivers do 25 years ago when cell phones weren’t really around?\n\nPart of why teen driving accidents and fatalities occur is that they have not had any formal instruction prior to obtaining their learner’s permit. What they learned was through observation of their parents. Now that is a scary thought! It is almost criminal that about 30% of teens have had not face time with their parents or practical hands-on knowledge of driving behind the wheel. It is pure parental negligence not to provide some sort of informal training, whether you do it yourself or a family friend.\n\nTeens do need to take some responsibility for their actions however. There are countless safe driving campaigns out there so teens at some point are faced with what is safe and what is not in terms of driving practices. Knowing the difference between right and wrong and then doing something wrong anyway is not the best way to earn the privilege of driving. Parents and teens need to establish open dialog and truly work together to create safe driving habits that both can follow.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5138336420059204}
+{"content": "\n\nThe Robot Ate Me\n\nThe Robot Ate Me was an experimental indie rock band formed by Ryland Bouchard in 2002 which went through many distinct phases incorporating aspects of folk, jazz, psychedelia and avant-garde rock. Their critically acclaimed albums alternated between accessible pop and obscure musical art projects.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.998742938041687}
+{"content": "Fed uneasy over Brexit effects\n\n  • 07/07/2016\nFed uneasy over Brexit effects\n\nFederal Reserve policymakers decided in June that interest rate hikes should stay on hold until they have a handle on the consequences of Britain's vote on EU membership, according to the minutes from the Fed's June policy meeting.\n\nThe minutes for the June 14-15 meeting, which took place ahead of the June 23 referendum in which Britons voted to leave the European Union, showed widespread unease over the so-called \"Brexit\" vote, including among voting members on the rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee.\n\n\"Members generally agreed that, before assessing whether another step in removing monetary accommodation was warranted, it was prudent to wait for additional data on the consequences of the UK vote,\" according to the minutes released on Wednesday.\n\nPolicymakers also cited a severe slowdown in hiring by US employers as a reason for leaving interest rates steady last month, the minutes showed.\n\nThe Brexit vote, which shocked investors and politicians, has raised anxiety in financial markets and policymaking circles around the world, in part because it could take years before Britain and the EU agree to new rules on finance, trade and immigration.\n\nAlready, global financial conditions have tightened, with a firming of the US dollar poised to weigh on US exporters.\n\nBefore the vote, the Fed had signalled two interest rate hikes would likely be needed this year to keep the US economy from eventually overheating.\n\nBut since the British referendum, several Fed policymakers have said the uncertainty warrants a cautious approach.\n\nIn the minutes of the June meeting, many Fed policymakers who participated in the policy discussion stressed the sharpness of the hiring slowdown could be statistical noise, and most argued the economy would be ready for rate increases unless a financial or economic shock knocks America off course, according to the minutes.\n\nSeventeen policymakers participated in the policy discussion, with 10 of them having a vote on the rate-setting committee.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9997344017028809}
+{"content": "A Guide To Anxiety Attacks – How Can You Stop Them?\n\nWhile we would all like life to be peachy keen, it can be rather fast-paced, frustrating and hard to deal with at particular times. Sure, life is grand, but there is much to handle, causing it to feel overwhelming at times to people. This produces thoughts of fear and anxiety, and some situations are worse than others. Furthermore, people handle anxiety different from person to person. Anxiety attacks can have a direct cause at the time or occur suddenly without warning and seemingly for no specific reason.\n\ndreamstime_m_822065The fact is that anxiety attacks are brought on by continued worry and fear. When these anxiety attacks occur, people often experience various physical symptoms as well. This only further contributes to the overall intensity and worry about the panic attack. The people usually feel as though something is terribly wrong and that they are losing control over their bodies. Some report thoughts that they are dying and have other various conditions, such as a heart attack.If you’ve ever experienced an anxiety attack, then you know how they feel. You surely want to learn more about how you can prevent anxiety attacks from happening to you. The following guide to helping you stop anxiety attacks will show you different strategies for prevention as well as coping with a current attack.\n\nPracticing breathing techniques is a great way to combat against these attacks. The first obvious reason for this is people that experience anxiety attacks often feel panicked and therefore have erratic breathing. This can make a person feel out of breath. Think about this as a way to practice prevention as well as make it through an oncoming attack.One way you can do this as prevention is by doing yoga or something to do with breathing and relaxation so that you can pursue this technique even when anxiety is not bringing on an attack. Of course, use breathing exercises during an attack as well, but this yoga and other breathing exercises also can calm you daily and help you relax, having a much better overall day.\n\nIf you are feeling anxiety or even perhaps that a panic attack might be happening, then one good way to try and stave off the attack is to change the scenery. This can be as simple as doing something different in the place in which you are at, or it can be you going somewhere different than where you are now. Examples of this might include for doing something different you could light a candle and watch a good movie, and for going somewhere, perhaps you could go pick up your favorite treat or go shopping somewhere. For a more relaxing time, change the scenery by going to the park and getting exercise in with a walk or bicycle ride.\n\nKeeping a journal regarding not your just panic attacks but your feelings in general is a great idea. Writing your thoughts down allows you to not only see what’s going on and in order but gives you an idea as well of what you can do for goals and also provides you with an outlet for your feelings. If you need to talk to someone, you always have your family and friends. As well, there are online discussion forums and also hotlines that you can call for help.\n\nThink about different stress management techniques. As mentioned earlier, life is fast-paced, and there are many different things that can bring on stress. What stresses you out the most? What calms you down the most? Perhaps an example of this could be a person gets stressed the most at work and when their kids are fighting and causing trouble in the home. Now someone might find the most relaxing events to be listening to music in a bubble bath with candles, playing their favorite sport, or going for a dip in the pool. It’s something different for everyone, but you should always identify these so that you can try to work on reducing the stress in your life. Practicing these steps is what is going to help you stop those anxiety attacks once and for all, of course in conjunction with your doctor’s advice and guidance as well.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7243537902832031}
+{"content": "Car Workshop Manuals - Citroen - Citroen CX 20 Berline\n\nCitroen CX 20 Berline Workshop Manuals\n\nIf you choose to do auto repairs for your Citroen CX 20 Berline then it will always be recommended to possess a Workshop Manual to use as a reference in the event that you want to know proven methods to strip off a certain part for example Exhaust and match it again properly.\n\nCitroen CX 20 Berline Workshop Manuals offers you exact diagnostic wisdom for the vehicle so if something is wrong it can help you ascertain what the issue is and tips on how to resolve it. After that you can decide if you can do this by yourself or if ever the job is just too big you could book your CX 20 Berline in to a local garage.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9972145557403564}
+{"content": "Postdoctoral scholar in single cell cancer genomics\n\n(Kai Tan) #1\n\nThe Tan lab at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and UPenn is seeking a self-motivated and enthusiastic candidate for a postdoctoral scholar position. The postdoc will participate in an exciting project that uses various single-cell technologies to understand tumor clonal evolution and cellular heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment. The project is funded by a recent NCI center grant to establish the center for pediatric tumor cell atlas as part of the Moonshot initiative. The project provides an excellent training opportunity in single cell biology and cancer biology.\n\nThe applicant should have a Ph.D. degree in biological sciences, such as genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology etc. The candidate should be proficient in modern molecular and cell biology protocols. An established track record (as evidenced by publications in peer-viewed journals) in relevant field is required. Experience with next-gen sequencing, single-cell, and imaging technologies is a significant plus.\n\nInterested candidates please send a CV, a cover letter stating research interests and qualifications, and references to", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7232872247695923}
+{"content": "Born leaders vs made leaders\n\nOne of the most commonly-posed questions about leadership is, “are leaders born or made” we've all heard the phrase “born leader” and. For some people, the question of whether people are born leaders or made on- the-job is truly intellectual—fodder for a good classroom or. Whether leadership is “born or made” has long intrigued theorists, management practitioners and the lay public while many believe that leadership in iconic. The question of whether outstanding leaders are born or made has been debated for years there are numerous examples of historical figures that came.\n\nThe question of whether leaders are born or made has been hotly debated for decades, evoking very strong opinions some people think. With the recent resurgence in popularity of trait theories of leadership, it is timely to consider the genetic determination of the multiple factors comprising the. Since the beginning of time, people have wondered if leaders are born or if leaders are made thousands of books and thousands of research studies have . Leadership is a skill which can be learned but if you have these ten qualities, you might just be a natural born leader as the old saying goes, people might forget what you did or said but not how you made them feel, and no.\n\nThere is an entire industry debating whether leaders are born or made every time i come across this debate, it takes me back to the familiar saying – “a leopard. “for the most part, leaders are born, not made,” they asserted this is called traditional, power-based, or authoritative leadership. Are leaders born or can they be made that question has been debated for many years in many different arenas, ranging from business to politics to sports. They are made by hard effort, which is the price which all of us must pay posits that the very question of whether leaders are made or born is.\n\nSurgery, embolization followed by surgery or intralesional injection of sclerosing substances leaders are made, not born: a leadership development. Do you have to be born with something to be a leader—or can you learn it along the way. When considering whether leaders are born or made, many believe leadership is the result of a charismatic personality whilst the attraction of. Leaders are born, not made, fish study finds many might even find their boss selfish and arrogant or complain that they don't listen to their.\n\nBorn leaders vs made leaders\n\nSo the next time you think about if you are good enough to be a leader, think back to this video and know this world and your company needs. Leaders are born, not made it's a dangerous myth that derails leaders even before they have an opportunity to see themselves as the leaders. Leaders are born but managers are made leaders have an intangible characteristic that can't be explained but the manager can train his or her skill by training.\n\nAre leaders born or made both possibilities are a result of a false dichotomy, and can mislead in terms of leadership development. Are leaders born or made when i pose this question to executives or hr professionals, the vast majority say that leaders are made that is,. Pdf | this paper examines an age old question of whether leaders are born or made the paper considers various leadership theories and discusses different. Leaders are made, not born it is important to see 'leadership' in terms of functions to be performed in helping groups by themselves can not clarify or serve.\n\nShakespeare made the following observation about leaders: “some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. Those who believe that leaders are made tend to place more emphasis on experience, whereas those who believe that leaders are born place. Which came first the chicken or the egg to be or not to be nature versus nurture can we finally put this age old argument to rest and come. In 2012, the center for creative leadership asked the born vs is your perspective on the question of whether leaders are born or made.\n\nborn leaders vs made leaders Accessing a child to predict his or her potential leadership success is premature   leaders are therefore neither born nor made they are both.\nBorn leaders vs made leaders\nRated 3/5 based on 15 review\nDownload now", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6603454947471619}
+{"content": "Second thoughts critical thinking for a diverse society\n\nPosts about diversity written by apanikkar democracy- diversity, dialogue, freedom of expression and critical thinking here are my second thoughts the connection between conflict resolution and managing pluralistic societies may. Partnership for 21st century skills, and the society for human resource management skills like teamwork/collaboration and critical thinking are “ very diversity is rated “very important” by 521 percent of employer respondents this “deficiency” is the second most frequently rated “deficient” skill. Statisticians contribute to society in many ways, from protecting endangered and invite you to use math, statistics and critical thinking to answer questions about quants or analysts—statisticians are a diverse group of people with one thing in another interesting fact about megan, she's a second generation statistician. We are living in an age where calls for an emphasis on diversity have become the norm out of human diversity by learning how to thinking critically through such issues they must learn, not merely to read and remember the ideas and thoughts of others second, we must recognize the universal standards for thought. Respondents' thoughts hyperconnected “human society has always required communication ideally, people will improve their critical thinking skills to use the available raw information and sam punnett, president of fad research, drew out the second scenario in a multilayered, doleful future.\n\nBeing a critically reflective early childhood practitioner second language acquisition 'diversity' refers to the diverse nature of irish society adults are not immune to negative thoughts about diversity and all of us have thinking about and discussing issues of diversity, equality and inclusion, and. 4 diversity and constancy in human thinking: critical literacy as amplifier of second grader who was in trouble with her teacher for not finishing some of thoughts can turn inward-to explore and question the new learning, rather. There is increasing evidence that “diversity makes us smarter,” a to improved cognitive skills, including critical thinking and problem solving” students for our increasingly racially and ethnically diverse society and the global economy 21 efforts to manage negative thoughts inhibit mental capacity by.\n\nSecond thoughts: critical thinking for a diverse society by teays, wanda second thoughts: critical thinking for a diverse society by teays, wanda. This flexible and accessible text for the introductory critical thinking course uses current, relevant examples from a range of sources (including technology,. Any truly critical theory of society, as horkheimer further defined it in his writings as as a member of the second generation of critical theory, habermas in relativism of his time in this way: “that all our thoughts, true or false, depend theory to employing many theories in diverse historical situations. In a refreshing show of new year humility, the world's best thinkers have admitted that from time to second thoughts on life, the universe and everything by world's best brains when tackling subjects as diverse as human evolution, the laws of physics and sexual politics, why do men dominate society.\n\nMulticultural education is a set of educational strategies developed to assist teachers when this form of exposure assist children in thinking more critically, as well as, encourage them to have a more open mindset society, and they reflect the tenets of each strand of political thought in terms of levinson's (2010) ideas,. Second thoughts has 11 ratings and 0 reviews second thoughts was the first critical thinking text to recognize the importance of including diverse persp. Critical thinking is that mode of thinking – about any subject, content, or problem — in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully.\n\nSecond thoughts critical thinking for a diverse society\n\nSecond thoughts: critical thinking for a diverse society provides a refreshing and comprehensive study of critical thinking and logic tools for today's students. Critical thinking / noel moore, richard parker — 9th ed chapter 3 clear thinking, critical thinking, and clear writing 69 writing in a diverse society 91 the second essay has served well as a “model essay” we've usually depend on what thoughts or ideas we've accepted, whether we do the. Cultural diversity invites us to think in terms of a plural humanity, embodying a societies when a majority and minorities confront each other over recognition of their rights for the second redrafting of the world report.\n\nAmazoncom: second thoughts: critical thinking for a diverse society ( 9780073386706): wanda teays: books. Second thoughts was the first critical thinking text to recognize the importance of including diverse perspectives in any critical analysis while at the same. Part one: acquiring critical thinking skills -- out of the fog : the pathway to critical thinking -- nuts and bolts : the basics of argument -- analysis.\n\nIn a diverse society and world overview cause youth and adults to think critically about the meaning the critical-thinking process n reading: considering ideas, thoughts, infor- mation the second-grade school teacher posed a simple. Opportunity to engage youth in thinking about their own biases and their this section of the program activity guide: helping youth resist bias and hate, 2nd simple awareness to a more critical understanding of the historic, political, and help children flourish in a diverse society for many the thoughts of girls and. Why do we rely on two standard answers—critical thinking and citizenship a second frequent usage of the term liberal arts implicitly excludes (but doesn't beings, societies, nature—that we refer to archaically as “the liberal arts and a way of promoting flexibility and openness to diverse perspectives. Coupon: rent second thoughts critical thinking for a diverse society 4th edition (9780073386706) and save up to 80% on textbook rentals and 90% on used.\n\nsecond thoughts critical thinking for a diverse society Of an increasingly diverse society and disparities in  complementary to, critical  thinking, and  second, we propose  ask the characters about their thoughts.\nSecond thoughts critical thinking for a diverse society\nRated 4/5 based on 49 review\nDownload now", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7446243762969971}
+{"content": "ACT Newsletter - Adapting to Climate change in Time\n\nAdaptation: let's learn from Crematogaster\n\nMr. Cardinaletti and the Mayor of Suwon (Corea) during the Conference in Bonn\n\nIn recent decades, the attention of the scientific community has increasingly been directed to study the solutions adopted by the flora and fauna to survive in modern urban settings. The main aim is to understand how they have changed over the time their habits and their DNA to survive changes induced by climate and human impacts. There are many examples of what scientists have called urban evolution, the \"natural selection that occurs in the most unnatural environment of the world: the cities that never sleep\" (1).\n\nIt seems that the team of Dr. James Danoff-Burg, a biologist at Columbia University, is up on a mission to Broadway, like in the Savanna, to go hunting for ants by distinguishing from native species, to those who were imported by Europeans, until the last sighted, the Crematogaster lineola , which had never been detected in an urban habitat (2). After studying for three years the white mice in New York, Dr Munshi-South, biologist and environmentalist, has been able to prove the evolution in their DNA.\nToward several experiments and observations in the High-Bridge Park (northern Manhattan), he discovered that this population of twelve thousand years old, arrived from Canada and Mexico after the ice age glaciers retreated and stranded on isolated urban islands, is evolving to adapt to urban stress.\n\nThis is a clear sign of an ongoing evolution as well as of a capacity to change their nature, adapting to changes in the contexts in which they live. A concept that in biology could be identify with \"resilience\", which is “the ability of an ecosystem, humans or cities included, or of a body to repair itself after damage.”\n\nBut it's no need to go so far to concretely see how climate changes and “human pollutions\", are producing strong impacts on the living systems in urban environments. For example, Italy had been largely free of mosquitoes until it was recently invaded by large numbers of them: a consequence of a warming climate since winters in the region are no longer cold enough to kill the over-wintering eggs. In some parts of Italy they produced negative effects on the health of citizens, bringing with them tropical viruses as well (3).\n\nThis concept of “resilience” has long been used by several modern city planners to identify precisely the ability of modern urban systems to adapt themselves to the climate change impacts by developing a strong flexibility in responding and containing them. The main objective is to reduce the risk exposure and the vulnerability of local communities, definitively ensuring the functioning of the so called \"Minimum Urban System\" which refers to all functions \"which make the city active, without which the city would collapse\" (4). The original definition of MUS implicitly encloses \"all those elements which act as pillars for the economy and urban society and which basically assure the minimum functionality of the urban system for the security and survival of local communities” (5).\n\nTo work on preventing and reducing risk exposure is essentially the macro objective which can not be ignored by who is called to draw a strategy of sustainable urban development. This implies an instrumental, cultural and substantial mutation in the city governance and management, absolutely comparable to the \"genetic mutation\" mentioned before.\n\nIn other words, new urban management models, able to contain and minimize the impacts of climate phenomena, should be redesigned. New and more complex strategies of risk preventing should be locally implemented. Not easy, considering that many of the extreme weather phenomena which affect the cities are not controllable and are often unexpected. For this reason, the possibility of completely eliminating the risk is almost an utopia, but it's very important to choose which fundamental elements should be protected, how to protect them as well as how to monitor the evolution of some climatic variables which locally may have significant impacts, sometimes amplified by the conformation of the territory or by other human factors. An integrated and mainstreamed risk prevention strategy should be adopted by monitoring scientifically the evolution of the climatic variables, making reasoned scenarios and evaluating the different hypotheses of intervention without improvising.\n\nFor this reason, “Adaptation” needs a management model which is proactive and not reactive. Act not re-act, this is the main strategy. Adaptation also requires the strengthening and enrichment of new and more appropriate management tools that should support the traditional tools used for the government of the territory, such as the Urban Plan.\n\nThe effects of climate change on urban systems in some cases are straightforward and easily detectable and measurable (coastal erosion, water scarcity, etc..). In other cases the connections act sub-track and mature long-term effects (eg change impacts climate on the health of citizens). Precisely for this reason we must act wisely already now, since the implementation of adaptation strategies requires a fairly long time, important financial investments in human resources, in ITC, in new knowledge and skills, not always easy to find. Floods, landslides, coastal erosion, rising temperatures, extreme weather events generally, are all phenomena that are gradually but substantially changing the way of life of our communities. Not only animals and plants are adapting to climate change!.\n\nAll phenomena mentioned above may have potential impacts on urban systems in terms of environmental, social and economic point of view. These impacts are often strictly connected. Let's think of how coastal erosion, due to rising sea, can produce negative impacts on tourism and therefore on the economy of the affected area. Or how the rising temperatures may affect the biodiversity and ultimately the health of populations. Once, during a debate on climate change, a German climatologist, joking on the positive effects of climate change, assumed as the new tourist destinations for the summers of the next 100 years will be the coastal Cities of Northern Europe. Probably he didn't go so far from the true!\n\nWhile I'm writing, a strong storm is affecting many Japanese Cities. It has caused torrential rain across the country, bringing landslides and floods and leaving at least 13 people dead and many more missing. The authorities in Ibaraki Prefecture, north east of Tokyo, urged more than 40,000 residents to evacuate their homes on Friday following flooding of a river triggered by torrential rains. In Urakawa in the north of the country 54mm of rain fell in just 12 hours. Up to 1,000 troops have been supporting police searching for survivors from the mudslides and to strengthen flood defenses. At least 557 landslides had been reported, the National Police Agency said. Roads were swept away at more than 200 places and some 19 bridges were lost across the country. Another strong sign of climate change!\n\nTaking into account this context, the ACT project was conceived in order to rethink the strategy and planning with a view to adapt that aims at developing an integrated strategy for Mediterranean cities that allow to cope with the multiple effects of climate change. Three pilot cities Ancona (IT), Patrass (GR), Bullas (ES) along with ISPRA, as scientific mentor, have started a process of impact analysis which in the coming months will lead them to implement their local adaptation plans. Three Local Adaptation Boards have been established in order to start a shared and concerted planning process with the most important stakeholders of each territory. This is one of the first project experience in Europe, which has obtained a lot of interest during the 2nd World Congress on Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change (Bonn, 2011)(6), where it was presented.\n\nAs following, papers will be presented in order to show how the three project pilot cities are making their adaptation strategy. We are still at the beginning. Many difficulties have been met, but the challenge is so important that gives strong motivation to keep going on.... Learning from the ants!\n\nMarco Cardinaletti - ACT Project Manager\n\n\n1. Cfr A. Aquaro , “Darwin a Manhattan l´evoluzione di città che ridisegna la natura”, La Repubblica\n3. Cfr.\n4. Cfr. V. Fabietti “Pianificazione urbanistica e prevenzione del rischio” in Urbanistica periodico dell'INU\n5. Cfr. V.Fabietti, “Vulnerabilità sismica e trasformazione dello spazio urbano”, Alinea, Firenza, 1999\n6. The ACT project was presented within the session “Cities in focus: Engaging Stakeholders in resilience building”\n\nOther news from the partners\n\nWith the contribution of the LIFE financial instrument of the European Community", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8258289098739624}
+{"content": "In order to create his masterpieces, Alessandro first studies and draws the pieces, giving careful consideration to the aesthetics, and the shapes and proportions he envisions.\nTo verify the final visual effect of a new piece without blowing several prototypes, a virtual object is created using computers with different 3d graphics and rendering software.\nThen the production plan is sketched full scale for the glass-master to reproduce in perfect detail, in accordance with the 20th century European tradition of glassmaking where so often the designer’s originality and creativity is combined with the experience and the skills of top Murano glassblowers. The plan is precise and complete; no detail and feature is left to chance, accompanied by specific annotations to give the master glassblower all the information which is indispensable for the perfect production of these complex works.\n\nFusing and blowing\nTransferring his ideas on paper is only the first step; then Alessandro attends to the design of the glass canes, the colors, combinations and the patterns. The pieces are created using an acient and very traditional technique called “Tociar piera” (translated means Roll Up). The patterns and colors are achieved by fusing glass threads, murrine and various powders on a refractory stone. Here the collaboration begins with the master glassblower who will blow the form.\n\nCold work\nOnce completed, the form is carved and worked on. He focuses on carving and engraving the blown glass using a study of the alternation of opacity and transparency to create depth and texture.\n\nAn intimate knowledge of the material and of the techniques are vital for there to be a successful cooperation between the artist and various masters during this creative process.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9940183758735657}
+{"content": "Kampa Construction Website\n\nA website was needed to showcase the houses that Kampa Construction has built.\n\nWhat better way to show future clients the type of work that they can expect!\n\n\nNoreen's Home Office is a website design company based in rural Arcadia, Wisconsin.\n\nNoreen prides herself in working with the individual client to create a website to their liking, while being able to keep the cost to the customer as reasonable as possible. She specializes in getting businesses onto the internet quickly and professionally.\n\nAs a one stop provider, you will find it easier than ever to gain the strong web presence every modern business requires.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9334589242935181}
+{"content": "Britain post-Brexit\n\nThe British people have voted to leave the EU: a ‘Brexit’.  They were persuaded to do so by a powerful compound of populism, dishonesty and the arrogance of some politicians.  This website has already commented on the first two of these factors.  Populism, in the case of Brexit, exploited the deep discontent felt by many in England and Wales who now distrust the political class and, feeling that they have been ignored, wanted change – without properly examining whether that change would be for the better.  The dishonesty shown by both sides in the debate was arguably worse on the Leave side, as reported by Nick Cohen in the Guardian for example.\n\nThe third factor, arrogance, has been most clearly exhibited by Michael Gove.  He has repeatedly derided the views and calculations of experts, preferring instead to trust his own untutored instincts and expecting others to agree with him.  He has a vision of a proud and independent Britain, governed by a political system that is totally in the control of its population.  His arguments, though, are flawed – as already noted on this website.  He seems to have failed to take into account three major issues: globalisation, the nature of agreements with other countries, and the depth of detail required to enable trading in a true single market.  He is articulate and persuasive, and he probably influenced Boris Johnson’s decision to join the Leave campaign (the two men dined together the night before Boris declared his position on Brexit).  It looked as though the two men were a strong partnership but Boris, in his first column for the Telegraph after the result had been declared, suggested that he understood how close our relationship with Europe needs to be; this did not line up exactly with Michael Gove’s vision of independence, so the latter chose to make a bid for the leadership and Boris withdrew.  Going forward from this point, Britain will have to come to terms with the three issues that Michael Gove appears not to have fully understood.\n\nGlobalisation affects every country in the world (except, perhaps, North Korea).  Many companies are free to set up business wherever they find the most attractive combination of labour costs, technical competencies and regulatory environment.  British labour costs are much higher than those in developing countries, but it has demonstrable technical capabilities and it is not stifled by too much regulation.  It has therefore attracted inward investment, but some of that has depended upon its access to the European Single Market.  Post-Brexit, companies might choose Ireland (or perhaps an independent Scotland) as an alternative English-speaking base in the EU.  And Frankfurt would be only too keen to take more of the financial services business, especially trading in euros.\n\nThe nature of agreements with other countries is that they involve rules.  When one joins a club, or signs a treaty, or reaches an agreement, one is also accepting the relevant rules.  One cannot unilaterally change those rules, except by withdrawing.  Michael Gove’s vision of a British democracy, which can dismiss its own government, fails to take into account that Britain will never be solely in charge of the rules of any agreement it makes (although Britain’s EU membership at least gave it an equal say in setting those rules).  Sovereignty will, therefore, always be partly constrained by the agreements previously reached by British governments.  Another problem with Gove’s vision is that separate agreements would be needed for all the countries of the world, so Britain would need a substantial bureaucracy to establish and manage these separate trade agreements – whereas within the EU, the overall bureaucracy is reduced by centralising it in Brussels.\n\nBritain’s treaties with the EU are much deeper in scope than trading agreements with other countries.  The EU treaties comprise a complex set of agreements covering trade, the environment and human rights.  This website argued for our continued membership of the EU on the grounds of its benefits to Britain and to Europe.  Having decided to leave the EU, a different relationship will have to be developed.  Boris Johnson appears to have at least partly understood that this will involve complying with many EU requirements, perhaps trying to remain in the European Economic Area (EEA) – although that would entail accepting free movement of labour.  Remaining in the EEA might also satisfy some of Scotland’s concerns, thereby avoiding a Scottish secession which would make Britain’s future even more uncertain.\n\nThe future of Britain post-Brexit is now in the hands of the contenders for the leadership of the Conservative party, one of whom will become Prime Minister and will be responsible for negotiating Britain’s new place in the world.  Michael Gove doesn’t yet seem to see that compromises will have to be made.  Theresa May has shown herself to be very adaptable during the referendum campaign, not antagonising either side, so she is well-positioned in the leadership contest.  If she were to win, and become our next Prime Minister, perhaps she would be similarly pragmatic in her dealings with an EU that is understandably offended by Britain’s behaviour.  It is to be hoped that other Europeans don’t think that all Britons are like Nigel Farage, given his unpardonable rudeness in the European Parliament after the referendum result.\n\nOur next Prime Minister will have to find some way of steering between the requirements of Europe’s single market and Britain’s concerns about immigration.  A growing economy needs labour.  It is probably better to allow economic immigration than to reduce economic growth to a level which doesn’t require any immigrants, but it could be better managed than at present.  Perhaps it is time to reconsider the question of identity cards in Britain, which could be linked to work permits.  It is also necessary to make it incumbent upon local authorities to provide adequate accommodation and public services if they want to let employers expand in their areas.  Situations like that in Shirebrook, for example, are totally unacceptable.  People need a right to appeal against local authority failures in these matters, and without that there is little hope of allaying legitimate concerns about the impact of immigration.\n\nBritain needs a Prime Minister and a government which attends to the concerns of all parts of the United Kingdom, Leavers and Remainers, rich and poor – and which understands the need for partnership with other countries, despite the compromises that are necessary.\n\nWhy Britain should remain in the EU\n\nWe live in a connected world.  Britain will always be affected by what happens in Europe.  More than 40% of our trade goes to the EU.  We are geographically close, so we are affected by the same environmental issues, and Europe’s political and economic stability matter to us.\n\nIt makes sense for us to collaborate constructively with our neighbours: remaining in the EU, helping its rules to evolve, and strengthening it by being members.  Our EU membership was the result of a democratically-approved UK decision to co-operate with the EU on matters of common interest; it gives us influence on trading rules and other matters that would affect us even if there were a ‘Brexit’.  The British people have a democratic voice equal to that of the other members and our elected politicians share in EU decision-making.\n\nBritain has tariff-free trading with EU members and it benefits from the EU’s bilateral trade deals with some other countries; otherwise it trades globally under (less advantageous) WTO tariff rules.  Other economies in the world are growing more rapidly, but the EU remains an important market.  Strong customer relationships have developed over 43 years of membership.  Most economists believe that leaving the EU would damage the UK economy.  New negotiations would be needed with the EU and all its trading partners.  The economy of the EU, our biggest customer, would suffer from a smaller market and the loss of British influence if we were no longer a member.\n\nEuropean citizens are granted rights of free movement between member countries, as part of the single market; over half of Britain’s immigrants now come from Europe.  Existing EU law prevents such migrants from burdening their host’s social security system, and Britain’s EU reform deal clarifies how that would work in practice, but immigration is problematic.  It has increased the UK population, giving some people cause for concern, but it has brought overall economic benefits.\n\nPoliticians should focus on fixing any pressures on housing and public services instead of leaving the EU and closing our borders.  Immigration should not be subject to arbitrary national targets.  It should be managed regionally, according to the availability of work and accommodation.  For example, the BBC reported that Sports Direct was allowed to expand in the Derbyshire town of Shirebrook without upgrading housing and public services; then there were problems when a flood of immigrants arrived from Eastern Europe. The company should have been denied planning permission, or the town’s infrastructure should have been upgraded. The problem in this case was not EU immigration but local political failure – as reported by Chad.\n\nThere are many in the EU who want it to develop into a superstate, but the UK can remain separate from that.  We have the best of both worlds.  We co-operate with the other members on free trade, collaborative policing and joint regulation of the environment, but we avoid the loss of political and financial independence that comes with membership of the Eurozone’s single currency.\n\nEU members are committed to standards of human rights that stretch beyond the EU and are enforced by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).  This legal framework protects all Europeans from government malpractice; it helped the Hillsborough families to expose a police cover-up and obtain justice, for example, and it has upheld press freedom, prevented torture etc.  The UK and other governments established these rights to prevent the fascist oppression of minorities, such as that which led up to the Second World War. A recent resurgence of far-right politics in Europe indicates that vigilance must continue.\n\nAs a collective voice, the EU can wield considerable soft power; it has more diplomatic legitimacy than its separate countries with their colonial pasts.  In international affairs, Britain’s most useful role is to support the EU’s collective influence to promote stability.  Britain would not contribute to a European army, though, to avoid undermining NATO; as EU members, we would veto it, as the government has stated.\n\nA vote to leave the EU would increase the power of a small group within Britain’s political establishment: the leaders of the Brexit campaign, who are misleading the public.  A vote to leave is to choose to bury our heads in the sand, in the vain hope that we can isolate ourselves from Europe; it would lead to political, cultural and economic shrinkage.  A vote to remain is to choose to co-operate with our neighbours to build a better future for the whole continent.\n\nThe Impacts of Immigration\n\nImmigration affects everyone’s lives and it can rapidly become a toxic issue.  It is driven by economic pressures or by humanitarian concerns: to take in refugees fleeing conflict or persecution.  In destination countries, the arrival of strangers for either reason is a sensitive matter but politicians should be concerned with managing the effects rather than trying to exploit people’s fears in order to win votes and gain power.  It warrants careful discussion of its economic, political, moral, legal and security aspects so that it can be appropriately managed to avoid practical problems and social tensions.\n\nSome people from other countries are recruited by employers who need specific skills, but other economic migrants are job-seekers desiring a better life.  Refugees also need jobs.  If the economy can absorb all the immigrants without creating unemployment, as has been the case in both the UK and the US, the result is economic growth.  UK unemployment in May 2016 was the lowest for a decade, as a proportion of the working-age population, suggesting that immigrants hadn’t taken people’s jobs.\n\nPeople’s other economic concerns about immigration include the perceptions that immigrants drive down wages and that they impose a financial burden on the economy.  These fears are rarely justified, since the minimum wage protects the lowest-paid and economic migrants have to go home if they fail to find work.  Free movement of labour, as with the flexibility within the EU or the US, enables large diverse economies to develop naturally and respond to changes in circumstances; it is an economic benefit, and constraints on immigration choke economic growth.\n\nPoliticians’ responsibilities include ensuring that housing, education and health services are all capable of accommodating the immigrants; they are equally accountable to both the immigrants and the native population.  If politicians complain about immigrants, they are acknowledging their own failures.  If they are not personally responsible for solving the problems, or don’t have control over the relevant agencies, it is worth asking why they are employed at all.  It is an admission of incompetence to complain about problems that they are paid to solve.\n\nThere may be moral and social concerns about immigrants – especially if they have different values – as is often the case with asylum-seekers; this is less of an issue with the economic migration within Europe, though, where all the member countries have signed up to the European Charter of Human Rights.  Immigrants change the character of the areas they live in.  Provided that they speak the language, behave in a socially acceptable fashion and obey the law, they don’t present a tangible threat to their neighbours.  They are entitled to freedom of belief, and should not be required to change their religion, but they may need to change some practices in order to comply with the host society’s laws, human rights and conceptions of how people should behave.  What may have been acceptable in their countries of origin might not be acceptable in the societies they have arrived in, but minorities can resolve contradictions in values and avoid giving offence.\n\nThere are moral reasons for people to behave well towards immigrants: all religions and common decency enjoin acceptable behaviour towards others.  People have only to ask themselves how they would act if they were in the same situation as the immigrants and how they would like to be treated.  Cultural pluralism is inevitable in today’s world and, for people of different cultures to live in harmony with each other, it is necessary to show respect towards those of different race, religion, ideology, gender, sexuality and nationality.  Some cultural groups, though, form tight clusters which diverge from the wider society and create tensions; the Cantle Report on Social Cohesion, which examined this problem, identified some remedies.  Needless to say, it is in immigrants’ own interests to try to fit into the host society.\n\nImmigration has legal and security aspects, which differ between refugees and economic migrants.  Strictly speaking, refugees who are at risk in their native countries have no legal right to claim asylum in the country of their choice, although there is a collective international commitment to protect them; if their reasons for fleeing are found to be genuine, they cannot legally be returned to their countries of origin if they would be at risk of persecution.\n\nWith regard to economic migrants, countries in the European Economic Area have signed treaties that accept the free movement of labour as being a necessary feature of a single market, but sections 10 and 16 of the relevant EU directive prevent such migrants from being a drain on the benefit system of the destination country and section 22 of that directive allows restrictions “on grounds of public policy, public security or public health”.  Countries outside the EU are not legally committed to take in economic migrants.\n\nSome immigrants are security threats, but so are some of the native population; a country’s security services have to be geared to protect the population against anyone who is a threat to others.  Background checks are needed on everyone who is entering a non-Schengen country, or is entering the Schengen zone from outside it; intelligence sharing is necessary to facilitate such checks.  Countries have the legal right to expel any immigrant who is a security threat, provided that the person concerned would not be placed in danger by repatriation.\n\nLaying blame on peaceful immigrants is a risky tactic.  It can cause hostility towards minorities who have lived in the country for generations, potentially leading to uncontrollable violence.  Intolerance should be swiftly condemned, because it is all too easy to foment ethnic strife.  Politicians who complain about immigration are creating problems instead of solving them; they certainly shouldn’t be rewarded at the ballot box.\n\nLies, statistics and self-interest\n\nSome politicians routinely use lies, misleading statistics and exaggeration to make arguments that suit their cause.  The campaign leading up to the 2016 British referendum, on whether or not to leave the EU (a so-called ‘Brexit’), is providing many examples; as AOL reported, “Both sides in the Brexit battle are playing fast and loose with the truth”.\n\nLies were told.  The Vote Leave campaign’s battle bus was emblazoned with the eye-catching claim that “We send the EU £350 million a week”; its statement for the 2016 EU Referendum Voting Guide (published by the Electoral Commission) made the same claim four times in fewer than 400 words.   That claim is an exaggeration, amounting to a lie – as explained by, which revealed that “the UK actually pays just under £250 million a week” (less than 1% of its GDP).  And the EU gives some of that money back in grants, so the net cash cost of the EU was £163 million a week in 2015.\n\nAmong the many smaller lies and misleading statements, Boris Johnson, for example, said that it was “absolutely crazy that the EU is telling us how powerful our vacuum cleaners have got to be, what shape our bananas have got to be, and all that kind of thing”.  Jon Henley, in The Guardian, fact-checked Johnson’s statements.  The claim about bananas was a lie; the EU does not control their shape; it has standardised the classification of shapes on product labels, so that retailers know what they are buying from the producers.  There is a plan to limit the power of vacuum cleaners, but Johnson failed to explain that “the UK government actively supported the measures and, like every member state, could have blocked them if it wanted to”; his implication that the EU was imposing such measures on the UK was misleading (but wasn’t strictly a lie); he just wanted to arouse indignation in his audience (and he didn’t bother to explain that the reason for the measure was the likely benefit to the environment).\n\nStatistics almost always contain assumptions and interpretations, and they can be selectively quoted.  A UCL study, The Fiscal Effects of Immigration to the UK, was quoted by the pro-EU Guardian, Independent and Financial Times to say that EU migrants contribute £20bn to Britain – but the anti-EU Telegraph and Mail used a different part of the study, in a way that its authors described as “misleading”, to report that migrants as a whole had cost the economy £118bn.  The organisation Migration Watch UK challenged some of the UCL study’s assumptions to produce its own report, which was used by the Sun newspaper to claim in its headline on 16 May 2016 that “EU Migration costs Britain £3m every day, shock report warns”.\n\nThe future is unforeseeable, so forecasts are always conjectures.  Nonetheless, the pro-EU Britain Stronger in Europe campaign saw fit to publish a leaflet saying, among other claims, that the UK economy “would be hit to the tune of £4,300 a year for each UK household” (quoting one of the figures from an official Treasury Report).  It described its claims as “the facts from independent experts”, but in no sense of the word can such projections be described as facts.\n\nExaggeration has also featured strongly in the campaign.  Boris Johnson (repeating a similar claim made earlier by Dominic Cummings) grossly exaggerated when he said that “The European Union is pursuing a similar goal to Hitler in trying to create a powerful superstate”.   The EU carries out almost none of the functions associated with a State; its job is only to maintain collective rules on trade, joint policing and the environment; its total spending, covering all member States, is less than one sixth of what the UK government spends.  Nor is it a dictatorship: it is under the collective democratic control of the EU’s members; British Ministers, Prime Ministers and elected MEPs have agreed to its rules and to the UK’s membership contribution; and Britain has a right of veto on some decisions.\n\nThe many conflicting details, proffered as ‘facts’ by both sides, are misleading and confusing.  It is more honest and more understandable to present a high-level vision when making an argument; supporting statements from influential individuals and organisations should be presented as opinions, not facts.  The public can then make up its own mind, based upon which vision it prefers and which supporting statements it trusts.  The lies told by the Leave campaign undermine the trustworthiness of those who are leading it.  Its slogan, “Vote Leave, take back control”, is a cause for concern – given that its leaders want that “control” to be given to those who are deliberately misleading the public.\n\nEU Accountability\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe campaign for a Brexit\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8250370621681213}
+{"content": "Developmental biology\n\nrelated topics\n{disease, patient, cell}\n{specie, animal, plant}\n{theory, work, human}\n{system, computer, user}\n\nDevelopmental biology is the study of the process by which organisms grow and develop. Modern developmental biology studies the genetic control of cell growth, differentiation and \"morphogenesis\", which is the process that gives rise to tissues, organs and anatomy.\n\n\nRelated fields of study\n\nEmbryology is a subfield, the study of organisms between the one-cell stage (generally, the zygote) and the end of the embryonic stage. Embryology was originally a more descriptive science until the 20th century. Embryology and developmental biology today deal with the various steps necessary for the correct and complete formation of the body of a living organism.\n\n\n\nThe development of a new life is a spectacular process and represents a masterpiece of temporal and spatial control of gene expression. Developmental genetics studies the effect that genes have in a phenotype, given normal or abnormal epigenetic parameters. The findings of developmental biology can help to understand developmental abnormalities such as chromosomal aberrations that cause Down syndrome. An understanding of the specialization of cells during embryogenesis has provided information on how stem cells specialize into specific tissues and organs. This information has led, for example, to the cloning of specific organs for medical purposes.[1][2] Another biologically important process that occurs during development is apoptosis—programmed cell death or \"suicide.\" Many developmental models are used to elucidate the physiology and molecular basis of this cellular process. Similarly, a deeper understanding of developmental biology can foster greater progress in the treatment of congenital disorders and diseases, e.g. studying human sex determination can lead to treatment for disorders such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia.\n\nFull article ▸\n\nrelated documents\nGuided rat\nVibrio cholerae\nOrgan (anatomy)\nDomoic acid\nBacterial artificial chromosome\nInner ear\nTreponema pallidum\nIn vivo\nIntracytoplasmic sperm injection\nAIDS origins opposed to scientific consensus\nSusan Lindquist\nMycoplasma genitalium\nSterilization (surgical procedure)\nMucous membrane\nGriffith's experiment\nMental breakdown\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\nRational Recovery", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7424191832542419}
+{"content": "\n\nGene name - pannier\n\nSynonyms - dGATAa\n\nCytological map position - 89B9-10\n\nFunction - transcription factor\n\nKeyword(s) - epidermis, wing\n\nSymbol - pnr\n\nFlyBase ID:FBgn0003117\n\nGenetic map position - 3-58\n\nClassification - zinc finger\n\nCellular location - nuclear\n\nNCBI links: Precomputed BLAST | Entrez Gene | UniGene |\nRecent literature\nKim, A. R., Choi, E. B., Kim, M. Y. and Choi, K. W. (2017). Angiotensin-converting enzyme Ance is cooperatively regulated by Mad and Pannier in Drosophila imaginal discs. Sci Rep 7(1): 13174. PubMed ID: 29030610\nAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an evolutionarily conserved peptidyl dipeptidase. Mammalian ACE converts angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, thus playing a critical role for homeostasis of the renin-angiotensin system. In Drosophila, the ACE homolog Ance is expressed in specific regions of developing organs, but its regulatory mechanism has not been identified. This study provides evidence that Ance expression is regulated by a combination of Mad and Pannier (Pnr) in imaginal discs. Ance expression in eye and wing discs depends on Dpp signaling. The Mad binding site of Ance regulatory region is essential for Ance expression. Ance expression in imaginal discs is also regulated by the GATA family transcription factor Pnr. Pnr directly regulates Ance expression by binding to a GATA site of Ance enhancer. In addition, Pnr and Mad physically and genetically interact. Ance null mutants are morphologically normal but show genetic interaction with dpp mutants. Furthermore, human SMAD2 and GATA4 were shown to physically interact, and ACE expression in HEK293 cells is regulated by SMAD2 and GATA4. Taken together, this study reveals a cooperative mechanism of Ance regulation by Mad and Pnr. The data also suggest a conserved transcriptional regulation of human ACE.\n\nThere are three GATA homologs in Drosophila: Serpent (dGATAb), found in the midgut and ovary (Lossky, 1995), Pannier (GATA-2), found in the dorsal epidermis, and dGATAc, found in the procephalic [Image] region, posterior spiracles, gut, and central nervous system.\n\nPannier acts as a local repressor of achaete and scute and is required for the normal pattern of sensory bristles in those parts of the epithelium where it is expressed. pannier mutation may take one of two forms: either an over- or under-expression of achaete-scute. Consequently the phenotype shows either an overabundance or a lack of bristles.\n\nStudies suggest that Pannier's action on achaete-scute is negative. In this view, mutants with too few bristles would be due to a hyperactive enzyme, resulting in accentuated repressive activity. These mutations are dominant, affecting the primary structure of Pannier and suggest that mutant Pannier protein acts as a non-functional heterodimer with another transcription factor (Ramain, 1993).\n\nTwo other proteins act as repressors of achaete-scute: hairy and extramachrochaete. Loss of these two functions also results in overexpression of achaete-scute and ectopic bristles.\n\nTo identify genes involved in the patterning of adult structures, Gal4-UAS (upstream activating site) technology was used to visualize patterns of gene expression directly in living flies. The gene yellow (y) was made sensitive to Gal4 control and a Gal4-containing P element was inserted randomly into the fly genome. A large number of Gal4 insertion lines were generated and their expression patterns studied. In addition to identifying several characterized developmental genes, the approach revealed previously unsuspected genetic subdivisions of the thorax, which may control the disposition of pattern elements. For example, the pannier expression domain marks a dorsal band along the length of the body, from the occipital head region to the end of the abdomen but excluding the terminalia. In the notum (derived from the wing imaginal disc), the gene labels a territory extending from the dorsal midline laterally to a longitudinal (anterior to posterior) straight line defined by the dorsocentral bristles. Another insertion em462 shows y+ rescue in a territory adjacent to the pannier domain; it is also demarcated medially by the position of the dorsocentral bristles. The em462 domain extends laterally but does not reach the more lateral region of the notum. Possibly, the gene iroquois defines a distinct, more lateral domain.\n\nThe subdivision of the notum demarcated by the dorsocentral bristles may be significant because this same line also appears to demarcate the most medial expression border of the wingless gene. In the notum, wingless is expressed in a narrow stripe and the wingless domain is included within the em462 domain, extending laterally from the dorsocentral bristles. Apparently there is no overlap between pnr and wg in the scutum (the anterior part of the notum), but they do overlap in the more posterior scutellum. Genetic interaction experiments show that pannier acts as a negative regulator of wingless in the notum and suggest that some of the effects of pannier mutants are produced through an alteration of wingless function. Interestingly, the dorsocentral line is known not to function as a cell lineage border. In addition to bristles, another frequent pattern element in insects is pigmentation, often disposed in longitudial bands and used as a diagnostic criterion for the taxonomy of dipteran species. The medial boundary of a diagnostic pigment band is exactly delimited by the same longitudinal line straddling the dorsocentral bristles that in the Drosophila demarcates pannier, wingless and em462 (Calleja, 1996).\n\nThe pannier gene of Drosophila encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor of the GATA family and is involved in several developmental processes during embryonic and imaginal development. Novel aspects of the regulation and function of pnr during embryogenesis are reported in this study. Previous work has shown that pnr is activated by decapentaplegic (dpp) in early development, but it has been found that after stage 10, the roles are reversed and pnr becomes an upstream regulator of dpp. This function of pnr is necessary for the activation of the Dpp pathway in the epidermal cells implicated in dorsal closure and is not mediated by the JNK pathway, which is also necessary for Dpp activity in these cells. In addition, pnr behaves as a selector-like gene in generating morphological diversity in the dorsoventral body axis. It is responsible for maintaining a subdivision of the dorsal half of the embryo into two distinct, dorsomedial and dorsolateral, regions, and also specifies the identity of the dorsomedial region. These results, together with prior work on its function in adults, suggest that pnr is a major factor in the genetic subdivision of the body of Drosophila (Herranz, 2001).\n\nIn early development, pnr is activated in response to dpp activity in a broad dorsal domain, which extends from parasegments 2/3 to the border between 13/14, although the borders are not strictly parasegmental. The control by dpp is consistent with the effect of brk mutations on early pnr expression. The original expression domain is substantially modified during embryogenesis. By germ band extension (stage 10) pnr activity is limited dorsally by the border between the epidermis and the amnioserosa, and laterally by the dorsal border of iro. It is not known which factor(s) is responsible for the loss of expression in the amnioserosa, although likely candidates are several genes specifically active in this region, such as Race, zen, hindsight or serpent. In addition, it is not known how the late expression is regulated at the lateral border. It is not achieved by iro, since the loss of the entire Iroquois complex does not affect pnr expression (Herranz, 2001).\n\nAnother modification occurs between stages 10 and 11, and is the loss of expression in the A8 segment. Expectedly, it is under the control of Abd-B; in Abd-B mutants the gap in A8 does not appear. However, none of the known Abd-B target genes (sal, ems and grn) is involved in the regulation, since their mutations do not affect pnr expression. The finding that lin, which is considered as a co-factor of Abd-B, is involved, suggests that downregulation of pnr in the A8 segment is mediated either by an unknown Abd-B target or directly by interaction between the Abd-B and Lin products. It is not clear why pnr activity has to be eliminated precisely in the A8 segment. This segment gives rise to the spiracles, protruding structures that are very different from those differentiated by the other abdominal segments where pnr remains active. In fact, there are several Abd-B target genes specifically activated in the spiracles. It is possible that the formation of these structures demands that the pnr activity, which specifies larval epidermis of very different morphology, be turned off (Herranz, 2001).\n\nInterestingly, whereas early pnr expression is under dpp control, the late expression is not. Late inactivation of the Dpp pathway, using a dominant negative form of thick veins, does not modify pnr expression. In addition, mutations at brk, which allow higher response levels to Dpp signaling fail to affect pnr expression in late development, although they affect early expression. This indicates that pnr expression is controlled independently in early and late development, and by different factors (Herranz, 2001).\n\nThere is already evidence that pnr has distinct functions during embryogenesis. Its activity in the dorsal epidermis is required for dorsal closure and it is also expressed in the dorsal mesoderm where it is involved in the specification of cardiac cells. Evidence is provided for another and more general function of pnr; it specifies the identity of a dorsomedial body region that spans from the labial segment to the end of the abdomen. This is clearly demonstrated by the effects seen in mutant embryos and after ectopic expression experiments. In pnrVX6 embryos, the dorsomedial cuticle does not form, and there is an expansion of the dorsolateral epidermis, suggesting that the cells of the dorsomedial domain acquire a dorsolateral fate. The ectopic expression experiments also point to the same conclusion. In larvae ectopically expressing pnr (arm-Gal4/UAS-pnr) the entire larval epidermis acquires dorsomedial features, whereas using more restricted drivers (Ubx-Gal4, wg-Gal4) the transformation is limited to the region where the Pnr protein is present, suggesting that the effect of pnr is cell autonomous. Thus, the Pnr protein is able by itself to trigger a developmental pathway, a typical property of selector gene products. In addition, it induces a ventral to dorsal transformation, corresponding to each segment, indicating that it acts in combination with Hox genes. These observations indicate that selector genes in the AP and DV axes have to co-operate to determine the different spatial patterns (Herranz, 2001).\n\nThe transformation of ventral and dorsolateral epidermis towards dorsomedial observed after ectopic pnr expression is also reflected in the activity of marker genes of the distinct regions. Characteristic genes of the ventral neuroectoderm such as BP102 for the CNS or buttonhead are suppressed. In addition, pnr is able to suppress iro activity, a property that, as in the adult cells, is important to keep the dorsomedial and dorsolateral domains separate during embryogenesis (Herranz, 2001).\n\nThe developmental effects observed after either the loss or gain of pnr function in the larval epidermis resemble those reported for the adult cuticle. In the latter, it has been shown that the activity of pnr maintains the segregation of the dorsal cuticle into medial and lateral domains, and also specifies the identity of a medial domain. This indicates that pnr has a general function involved in the subdivision of the body along the DV axis. The longitudinal stripe of pnr expression established during embryogenesis is probably a major constituent of the body and represents a zone of common identity (Herranz, 2001).\n\nIn addition, Pnr has other more concrete functions connected with the specification of cardiac cells and embryonic dorsal closure. The involvement of pnr in dorsal closure is exerted through its activation of dpp in late embryogenesis, which is responsible for the formation of the Dpp stripe at the junction of the epidermis with the amnioserosa. Normal functioning of the Dpp pathway in this region is required for dorsal closure, suggesting that defects in dorsal closure observed in pnr mutant embryos is the result of the lack of the dorsal dpp stripe (Heranz, 2001).\n\nThere is evidence that this dpp expression requires function of the JNK kinase pathway, and it also requires pnr activity. The observation that in the absence of pnr activity the expression of puc, the end element of the JNK pathway is normal, indicates that in pnr mutants the JNK pathway is normally active. In turn, it shows that the activation of dpp in the dorsal stripe requires independent inputs from both the JNK pathway and pnr (Herranz, 2001).\n\nOne intriguing aspect of pnr function is that it is able to induce a developmental modification in all ectodermal structures along the DV body axis except in the amnioserosa, the most dorsal tissue. Even under conditions in which pnr is transcribed and translated in all the amnioserosa cells, it does not appear to elicit any developmental effect; none of the amnioserosa marker genes is affected by forcing pnr activity and the retraction of the germ band [a morphological indicator of the function of specific amnioserosa genes is also normal. Similarly, pnr is able to induce dpp activity all over the body except in the amnioserosa, where the presence of the Pnr protein appears to be inconsequential. This situation resembles the phenotypic suppression/posterior prevalence phenomenon discovered in the Hox genes specifying the AP body axis. It consists of a functional inactivation of a Hox protein by the presence of another normally expressed in a more posterior region of the body. It is conceivable that there might be a ‘dorsal prevalence’ in the DV axis, by which dorsal expressing genes are functionally dominant over the ventral expressing ones. It would be expected that genes specifying amnioserosa would be able to transform all structures since they would be ranking highest in the functional hierarchy (Herranz, 2001).\n\nDorsal eye selector pannier (pnr) suppresses the eye fate to define dorsal margin of the Drosophila eye\n\nAxial patterning is crucial for organogenesis. During Drosophila eye development, dorso-ventral (DV) axis determination is the first lineage restriction event. The eye primordium begins with a default ventral fate, on which the dorsal eye fate is established by expression of the GATA-1 transcription factor pannier (pnr). Earlier, it was suggested that loss of pnr function induces enlargement in the dorsal eye due to ectopic equator formation. Interestingly, this study found that in addition to regulating DV patterning, pnr suppresses the eye fate by downregulating the core retinal determination genes eyes absent (eya), sine oculis (so) and dacshund (dac) to define the dorsal eye margin. pnr acts downstream of Ey and affects the retinal determination pathway by suppressing eya. Further analysis of the 'eye suppression' function of pnr revealed that this function is likely mediated through suppression of the homeotic gene teashirt (tsh) and is independent of homothorax (hth), a negative regulator of eye development. Pnr expression is restricted to the peripodial membrane on the dorsal eye margin, which gives rise to head structures around the eye, and pnr is not expressed in the eye disc proper that forms the retina. Thus, pnr has dual function, during early developmental stages pnr is involved in axial patterning whereas later it promotes the head specific fate. These studies will help in understanding the developmental regulation of boundary formation of the eye field on the dorsal eye margin (Oros, 2011).\n\nThis study has addressed a basic question pertaining to regulation of patterning, growth and differentiation of the developing eye field. The results provide an important insight into the role of pnr, a gene known to confer dorsal eye identity during axial patterning of the eye. The onset of pnr expression during early eye development results in the generation of dorsal lineage in the eye. It results in the formation of a DV boundary (equator), which triggers N signaling at the border of the dorsal and ventral compartments to initiate growth and differentiation (Oros, 2011).\n\nThe spatial as well as temporal requirement for the genes controlling ventral eye growth and development have been tested. During early eye development, prior to the onset of pnr expression in the dorsal eye, entire early eye primordium is ventral in fate. Removal of function of genes controlling ventral eye development prior to the onset of pnr expression results in complete elimination of the eye field whereas later when pnr starts expressing, the eye suppression phenotype gets restricted only to the ventral eye . These studies suggested that pnr plays an important role in dorso-ventral (axial) patterning. However, the role of dorsal selector pnr in retinal determination was unknown (Oros, 2011).\n\nLoss-of-function clones of pnr in the dorsal eye exhibit eye enlargement. It was suggested that when pnr function is abolished in the dorsal eye using loss-of-function clones, it results in the change of dorsal eye fate to ventral. This results in generation of a de novo equator, the border between dorsal and ventral half of the eye, which triggers ectopic N signaling to promote growth and cell proliferation. The same premise has been used to explain the gain-of-function phenotype of pnr in the eye. Misexpression of pnr in the entire eye (ey > pnrD4) generates a completely dorsalized eye field as pnr acts as the dorsal fate selector. The fully dorsalized eye lacks DV polarity (equator), resulting in the complete loss of eye field due to lack of N upregulation. This study addressed another possibility, to see if pnr suppresses the eye fate upon misexpression in the entire eye as evident from the 'no-eye' phenotype (Oros, 2011).\n\nTo test if pnr suppresses the eye fate, pnr was misexpressed both in the dorsal and ventral (DV) eye margins of the eye using a bi-Gal4 driver (bi > pnrD4). The rationale was if pnr is only required to assign the dorsal eye fate, in that case pnr misexpression (bi > pnrD4) will assign a dorsal fate on the margin of ventral eye. Thus, by this logic, it would result in generation of a de novo equator on the ventral eye margin, which should manifest as eye enlargements in the ventral eye. The argument was based on the similar premise that was employed to explain that loss-of-function clones of pnr in the dorsal eye generated a new equator and led to the dorsal eye enlargement. No ventral eye enlargements were observed in bi > pnrD4 eye disc. Instead suppression of the eye was seen on both the dorsal as well as ventral margins. The suppression of eye fate on both the dorsal and the ventral margins suggests that pnr, irrespective of the domain where it is expressed, can suppress the eye fate (Oros, 2011).\n\nSince pnr suppresses the eye fate, it is possible that it may be involved in regulation of expression of genes of the core retinal determination (RD) machinery. Loss-of-function of pnr in the dorsal eye clones results in the eye enlargements as evident from Elav positive cells but it does not induce ectopic Ey. Ey expression evolves during eye development and is localized anterior to the morphogenetic furrow in retinal precursor cells and is downregulated and degraded posterior to the furrow in differentiation retinal neurons. In the loss-of-function clones of pnr in the eye, the expression of retinal determination pathway members like Eya, So and Dac, which act downstream to Ey, are ectopically induced. In the converse situation, where pnr was misexpressed on both dorsal and ventral eye margins (bi > pnrD4), ectopic induction of Ey was observed on both the dorsal and the ventral margins whereas the expression of Eya, So and Dac were suppressed. Thus, misexpression of pnr in the eye prevents the photoreceptor differentiation irrespective of the dorsal or ventral domain. Based on these results it is proposed that pnr suppresses the eye fate on the dorsal eye margin by downregulating RD genes like eya, so and dac (Oros, 2011).\n\nPnr suppresses the eye fate by downregulating tsh which results in suppression of retinal determination genes at the dorsal eye margin. GATA-1 transcription factor pnr, which is expressed in the peripodial membrane (PM) at the dorsal eye margin, suppresses the retinal determination. The suppression of retinal determination genes by pnr can be mediated by two possible ways: (1) pnr directly suppresses the retinal determination genes to suppress the eye. pnr may act downstream to ey and suppress the downstream retinal determination target eya and other downstream genes so and dac. During eye development, ey is required for eye specification and other downstream targets are required for retinal determination. These studies suggest that pnr acts on retinal determination process, which corresponds to the onset of pnr expression in the eye. (2) Alternatively, pnr suppresses the eye by downregulating homeotic gene teashirt (tsh) in the dorsal eye. Interestingly, the tsh gain-of-function in the dorsal eye is complementary to the loss-of-function of pnr in the dorsal eye. tsh is known to act upstream of eya, so and dac. Thus, the dorsal eye enlargement observed in pnr mutant is due to ectopic induction of tsh in the dorsal eye, which in turn can induce the RD genes. Lastly, Pnr mediated suppression of the eye fate is independent of Meis class of homeotic gene, homothorax (hth) function (Oros, 2011).\n\nSince ey is responsible for the specification of the eye field and marks the retinal precursor cells, it suggests that pnr does not affect the eye field formation or specification. In fact pnr affects expression of RD genes eya, so and dac. These results suggest that pnr suppress retinal determination genes. Since endogenous expression of pnr is restricted to the peripodial membrane of the dorsal eye margin, it suggests that pnr may be involved in suppression of retinal determination on the dorsal peripodial membrane. Thus, the results suggest that pnr generally acts at the stage when photoreceptor differentiation is initiated with the formation of the morphogenetic furrow (MF) and promotes the dorsal head cuticle fate by suppressing retinal differentiation (Oros, 2011).\n\nBased on these new findings, it is proposed that pnr may be required for two different functions during eye development: (1) axis determination during DV patterning and (2) suppression of the retinal determination process to define the dorsal eye field margin. These functions of pnr appear to be temporally controlled as DV axis determination takes place in late first- or early second- instar of eye development while suppression of the eye fate is evident in late second instar of larval development (Oros, 2011).\n\nThe axis determination function of pnr is required in the earlier time window. This is further validated by the loss-of-function clones of pnr of first category, which are bigger and exhibits non-autonomous dorsal eye enlargement phenotypes. These dorsal eye enlargements that are spanning both wild-type and pnr mutant cells in the eye disc conforms to the notion that when pnr is lost in a group of cells during early development, it fails to confer dorsal identity over the default ventral state. As a consequence de novo equator is generated which results in the ectopic dorsal eye enlargements. Since these clones are always bigger, suggesting that they might be formed earlier. The late function of pnr in suppression of retinal determination is validated both by the gain-of-function studies as well as the loss-of-function clones of second category, which are both bigger as well as smaller in size and are autonomous in nature. These clones have ectopic dorsal eyes, which are restricted within the clones, thereby suggesting that absence of pnr function promotes ectopic eye formation in the dorsal eye margin. Thus, during the early second instar of development, before the onset of retinal differentiation, pnr is required for defining the dorsal lineage by inducing Wg and members of the Iro-C complex. However, later during the late second-instar stage of eye development, when the morphogenetic furrow (MF) is initiated, pnr suppresses the photoreceptor differentiation at the dorsal eye margin. The endogenous expression of pnr in only the peripodial membrane of the dorsal eye margin further confirms this notion. Lack of phenotypes in pnr clones which are restricted to the disc proper (DP) alone verifies pnr localization. Thus, pnr defines the boundary between the eye field and the head cuticle on the dorsal margin. An interesting question will be to identify which gene is responsible for defining the ventral eye margin. In the ventral eye where pnr is not expressed, hth is known to suppress the eye fate. There is a strong possibility that hth may be involved in defining the boundary of eye field on the ventral eye margin between the disc proper and peripodial membrane (Oros, 2011).\n\nSince pnr induces Wg, it is expected that pnr may suppress the eye by induction of Wg. Even though Wg signaling is responsible for suppression of photoreceptor differentiation on both dorsal and ventral eye margins, its regulation is different on both dorsal and ventral eye margins. In the ventral eye, wg is involved in a feedback loop with hth to suppress the eye fate. In the dorsal eye, Pnr induces Wg signaling, which in turn induces the members of Iro-C complex, and ultimately these signaling interactions define the dorsal eye fate. Interestingly, it seems Pnr is not the sole regulator of Wg in the dorsal eye. Since loss-of-function of hth does not exhibit phenotypes similar to the loss-of-function of pnr, it is expected that the positive feedback loop regulation of wg and hth as seen in the ventral eye margin does not hold true on the dorsal eye margin. This study found that hth is not affected in the pnr clones that exhibit dorsal eye enlargements. Furthermore, when clones of hth were made in pnr heterozygous condition, no dorsal eye enlargements were seen suggesting that hth and pnr do not interact. Thus the results also verified that hth is not involved in pnr mediated eye suppression on the dorsal eye margin (Oros, 2011).\n\nIt is known that the gain of function of tsh in the dorsal eye results in ectopic eye enlargement whereas gain of function of tsh in the ventral eye result in suppression of ventral eye. The dorsal eye enlargements seen in tsh gain-of-function is a phenotype similar to pnr loss-of-function in the dorsal eye. In pnr loss-of-function clones, it was found that tsh was ectopically induced. Furthermore, when pnr loss-of-function clones were generated in a heterozygous background of the tsh null allele tsh8/CyO, the dorsal eye enlargement phenotype was dramatically suppressed and no longer observed. Interestingly, this study found that dorsal enlargements were there but were not accompanied with ectopic eyes as evident from absence of Elav expression. All these dorsal enlargements were showing strong Ey expression. Among 500 flies counted only two flies were found that showed subtle dorsal eye enlargements. Interestingly, it was also found that in pnr loss-of-function clones the mini-white reporter gene under tsh was ectopically induced. The loss-of-function phenotypes of pnr were more pronounced when tsh was misexpressed in the clones. Thus, pnr expressed in the dorsal peripodial membrane may suppress tsh in the dorsal eye to suppress the eye fate. Interestingly, tsh is known to act upstream of eya, so and dac. Thus, the dorsal eye enlargement observed in the pnr mutant is due to ectopic induction of tsh in the dorsal eye, which in turn can induce the RD genes (Oros, 2011).\n\nThe Drosophila eye is similar to the vertebrate eye in several features: (1) the morphogenetic furrow in the fly eye is analogous to the wave of neurogenesis in the vertebrate eye, (2) As in Drosophila, in higher vertebrates dorsal eye genes like Bmp4 and Tbx5 act as 'dorsal selectors' and restrict the expression of ventral eye genes Vax2 and Pax2. These DV expression domains or developmental compartments lead to formation of DV lineage restriction as seen in the Drosophila eye, (3) The DV lineage in the vertebrate eye also develops from a ventral-equivalent initial state. The dorsal genes pnr and iro-C are highly conserved across the species, and are involved in organogenesis and neural development. Therefore, it would be interesting to see whether the dorsal selectors in the vertebrate eye play a role in defining the boundary of the eye by suppressing retinal differentiation (Oros, 2011).\n\n\ncDNA clone length - 2722\n\nBases in 5' UTR - 689\n\nExons - four\n\nBases in 3'UTR - 688\n\n\nAmino Acids - 540\n\nStructural Domains\n\nPannier has two zinc fingers, a polyglutamine stretch and two helicies rich in hydrophobic amino acids (Ramain, 1993 and Winick, 1993).\n\npannier: Evolutionary Homologs | Regulation | Developmental Biology | Effects of Mutation | References\n\ndate revised: 20 December 99\n\n\nThe Interactive Fly resides on the\nSociety for Developmental Biology's Web server.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.828558623790741}
+{"content": "Shellac for film formation and its modification\n\nshellac for film formation and its modification Shellac is an oligomeric material and its molecular structure has functional hydroxy groups as hydroxy groups have facile reaction with maleic anhydride, the shellac can.\n\nIn my view, the shellac would interfere with the film formation mechanism of the alkyd resins shellac molecules would get between alkyd resins and prevent them from crosslinking with each other the result would be a partially cured soft film that would probably be inferior to either a shellac or alkyd film. Biodegradable film formation, gelatin stands out for its good chemical reactivity given the number and variety of reactive groups on its chain (clark and courts, 1977) anhydrides, aziridines, epoxydes, film (without modification) fmf – formaldehyde-modified film and gmf – glyoxal-modified film. Edible films and coatings – sources, properties and application into film-forming solutions in order to protect food products from oxidation and microbial spoilage, priate food process: ph modification, salt addition, heating, enzymatic modification.\n\nShellac in its refined form is a polyester type ofresin consisting ofinter-and intraesters of polyhydroxy carboxylic acids12 formed from certain hydroxy acids and sesquiterpene acids. Prior to film formation, in the latex state, epoxidised natural rubber showed marked differences in latex particle morphology and arrangement compared to high ammonia latex subsequently, after the films are formed, the microscopy results exhibited certain dissimilarities between high ammonia and the introduction of chemical modification in. The shellac was modified by partial hydrolysis with 20% (w/w) naoh for different times the hydrolysed shellac was then evaluated for physicochemical and film properties in comparison with native.\n\nSince the introduction of aqueous ammoniacal solutions, shellac regained importance for pharmaceutical applications however, as shellac is a material obtained from natural resources, its quality and thus its physicochemical properties may vary depending on its origin and the type of refining in. Formation of biofilms are rather complex, but can be generalized in four basic steps: deposition of the conditioning film, microbial (planktonic) attachment to the conditioning film, growth and bacterial colonization and finally biofilm formation. Natural waxes for confectionery and snacks polishing – sealing – coating – finishing film formation and give hard-coated candies contain- thanks to its high adhesive force, it ensures a particularly good adhesion of spices, herbs, sugar or other granular components. Finishes compatible over shellac finishes compatible over shellac (post #109244) edgarm2 on sun, 06/30/2002 - 15:57 in if you apply shellac or any other film finish first, you will have prevented the wood from absorbing the oil/varnish and you will end up with a sticky mess. Here is where the presence of dio comes into play: its low vapor pressure further extends the time scale of film evolution and allows for crystalline rearrangement of the donor phase long after casting, ultimately leading to the best bhj organization.\n\nChemical modification of starch with citric acid and tailored starches from genetically modified potatoes with higher amylose content was used to improve film formation, reduce water sensitivity and decrease gas permeation. These polymers to thicken oils, film formation is improved and a moisture barrier is created components, polymer modification, compounding solutions, and paving and roofing materials through its chemical segment, kraton offers specialty chemicals that. By rastering the ion beam on selected parts of the sample, we write a chosen pattern on the c,, film upon increasing the temperature to around 300-35o”c, the c,, film remains only in the areas that were subjected to irradiation. It is shown that the morphological parameters of the surface, eg roughness and stringiness, as well as its structural-chemical characteristics, eg preferred orientation, size and habit of crystallites, titanium chemical forms, thickness and phase composition of oxide film are generally dependent on the polarization potential. Study of polymer film formation and their characterization using nmr, xrd and dsc dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of.\n\nShellac for film formation and its modification\n\nProduct data sheets shellac polishes general although french polish is the general term for all types of shellac polish, it is also a product in its own right improved durability without using modern resins in the modification they are the most durable products in the shellac polish range [do not use raw linseed oil for lubrication. Electrically conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole (ppy), have been extensively studied as active electrode materials and supporting additives for a number of applications, including electronics, batteries, electrodes, and biomaterials 1,2,3,4,5ppy is a widely studied conductive polymer because of its high conductivity, chemical stability, and biocompatibility 6,7. Latex film formation199 221 evaporation and particle this paper surveys the literature covering scientific research into the field of polymer latex film formation and properties this is an important area of research modification to polymerisation reactionsrcoating recipes and methods of film. Abstract shellac, a naturally occurring product obtained from insects, was modified by reaction with t-butylacetoacetate analysis of the acetoacetylated material via nmr and elemental analysis showed that 60-80% of the available reactive moieties of shellac had been converted to ester.\n\n  • Chemistry a comprehensive bibliography of the scientific literature on rosin from 1808-1922 has been compiled by c e soane,16 but much of the earlier work is of historical interest.\n  • Mix shellac with cold/cool water or aqueous solvent system in a vessel with a stirrer and heating facility cooling period in order to avoid film formation on the surface of the dispersion guideline aqueous solventsdocx.\n\nThe future of aqueous film forming foam (afff): performance parameters and requirements ronald s sheinson, bradley a williams, christian green, appropriate modification of these requirements, where government – industry interactions can help formulate possible modifications to mil-f-24385f film formation and surface tension film. Polymer degradation is a change in the properties—tensile strength, color, shape, or molecular weight—of a polymer or polymer-based product under the influence of one or more environmental factors, such as heat, light, chemicals and, in some cases, galvanic action. The thixotropy value of lower concentration shellac solution was smaller compared to that of the higher concentration shellac solution, indicating better levelling and film formation properties for the lower concentration shellac solution.\n\nShellac for film formation and its modification\nRated 4/5 based on 33 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9245017766952515}
+{"content": "\n\n\n\n\nWhat are the signs of Asperger's?\n\nPeople who have Asperger's and other conditions on the autism spectrum often have problems with social communication and interaction.\n\nPeople with Asperger's often have good language skills, in contrast to those with other autism disorders, but they still find it hard to understand the expectations of others within conversations.\n\nThe National Autistic Society says people with the condition have difficulty understanding non-verbal language like gestures, and have a very literal understanding of language. They may find it difficult to understand facial expressions, tone of voice, jokes and sarcasm as well as abstract concepts.\n\nThis means at times they may appear insensitive, or appear to behave in a way thought to be socially inappropriate.\n\nMany people with Asperger's also develop a highly specific interest in a very particular subject or activity. This could be separate from any interest in the wider subject - such as collecting the serial numbers of trains without having a wider interest in trains themselves.\n\nThey may also experience sensitivity to things like sounds, smells or lights. They may find background sounds which other people block out are loud or distracting.\n\nAnother key symptom is repetitive movements, such as flapping hands, rocking back and forth, or flicking fingers.\n\nThose with Asperger's also often favour familiar routine, and may find change upsetting.\n\nHow is Asperger's Syndrome diagnosed?\n\nA GP can refer those who may have the condition to appropriate specialists, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, and speech and language therapists.\n\nThe specialist can then carry out a detailed look at the symptoms, including an assessment of development, health and behaviour.\n\nHow is Asperger's Syndrome treated?\n\nThere is no known 'cure' for autism conditions, including Asperger's. However strategies have been developed to help people cope with the condition and its impact on their life. The National Autistic Society has information about many of them.\n\nProgrammes may focus on improving the individual's social and communication skills, or encouraging them to take part in social activities with others.\n\nTreatment may also focus on dealing with secondary difficulties that those with Asperger's face - such as anxiety and depression which can result from difficulty with social interactions.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.727955162525177}
+{"content": "Tuesday, 12 January 2016\n\n\n\nCivil law in broader sense is a branch of law which is the general part of private law. The basis for civil law lies in a civil code. Before enacting of codes, civil law could not be distinguished from private law. After that some special areas of private law began to develop, such as commercial law and labour law. Civil law itself has the general part. It consists of capacity and status.\n\n\nIn a nut shell, the Civil law covers disputes between individuals, companies and sometimes local or central government. Civil law disputes are generally the cases in court that are not about breaking a criminal law. For example, disputes over business contracts or debts, or disputes between neighbours.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6257339715957642}
+{"content": "JODY Harrison’s article on the forthcoming “peace talks”’ between the Bishop of Paisley and Fraser Sutherland, campaign manager of the Humanist Society Scotland, or HSS, once again raises the issue of religious representation on local authority education boards (“Peace talks over ‘attacks’ on Catholics”, The Herald, February 10).\n\nIn the case of the Catholic Church, the presence of church representatives on selection panels for promoted posts in RC schools, the majority of whom are apparatchiks, highlights the nature of the nebulous Catholic approval system.\n\nThis subjective system often results in candidates for posts in RC schools being selected on the basis of their Catholicity rather than their teaching abilities and personal strengths.\n\nBishop Keenan interprets the HSS criticisms of religious representatives, erroneously, as “gratuitous attacks on Catholics”. This does not bode well for any meaningful dialogue on the rationale for religious representatives on local education boards or, indeed, for a much-needed discussion on the arcane approval system.\n\nIt may be perceived that Bishop Keenan has no intention of seriously debating this issue. To engage Bishop Keenan in dialogue we should perhaps first point out that Catholic schools are highly inclusive in Scotland, despite the archaic involvement of the hierarchy, and often serve a community of “all faiths and none”.\n\nThis country still enjoys a Catholic education system but, within this system, are schools that are no means exclusively for Catholics, practising or otherwise. It is ironic but not surprising that Bishop Keenan should have reacted aggressively to Mr Sutherland’s comments, which were directed at the appointment of a Christian Evangelical to South Lanarkshire’s education committee.\n\nWe can only hope that the Bishop experiences a Damascene conversion to what constitutes the nature and requirements of Catholic schools in 21st century Scotland following an open discussion with Mr Sutherland.\n\nOwen Kelly,\n\n8 Dunvegan Drive,\n\n\nSCOTTISH education has a great heritage of which to be proud. In 1711 the Scottish Parliament passed the “Act for setting schools”, mandating the establishment of a school in every parish and the right of every male child to be taught to read and write.\n\nAs a result, Scotland’s literacy rate would be higher than that of any other country in the world by the end of the 18th century. This provided an audience not only for the bible (the intention of the act’s originator, John Knox) but also for books about science, engineering and philosophy beginning to appear as the barriers of religious censorship were pulled down. It was not long before Edinburgh became a place of spiritual and intellectual ferment, producing many of the greatest minds of the period including Adam Smith, James Watt, Robert Adam, Robert Burns and John Hume. The great French philosopher, Voltaire, famously said: “It is to Scotland that we look for our idea of civilisation”.\n\nMany Scots took these ideas throughout the world. Almost half the signatories of the American Declaration of Independence were of Scots descent; an amazing accomplishment for a country with a population of about one million. Today evidence suggests that less than 50 per cent of Scots profess to believe in any religion, so why do local authorities consistently refuse to appoint to membership of their education committees those who would ensure that all Scottish schools allowed their students to learn about the great contribution our nation had made to the world and to take pride in it?\n\nWhy, with the introduction of the Curriculum for Excellence, which encourages pupils to examine the available evidence and formulate their own conclusions, is there only one subject area where pupils are still told what they should believe?\n\nClare Marsh,\n\n14 Merryburn Avenue,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8322271108627319}
+{"content": "What if the goal is to reverse progress?\n\nThe link below is to a good editorial from a Las Vegas paper. I just think the editorial writer missed the main point.\n\nClimate Folly\n\nHas there ever been a more pitiful example of misguided nonsense, aggressive idiocy and functional stupidity than last week’s climate change conference in Copenhagen?\n\nThe weeklong orgy of excess — to which most participants arrived in plush, carbon-emitting private jets and were shuttled around in limos — was nothing more than another leftist shakedown of wealthy nations on behalf of “developing” countries. This time in the name of saving the planet.\n\nPromoting panic in the name of global warming is the Trojan horse for those who seek to overhaul the world economy by subverting capitalism and advancing collectivism. There is absolutely no evidence that mandating strict carbon emission standards will do anything at all to solve the perceived problem. Instead, we were treated to another U.N. gathering at which Third World hacks such as Hugo Chavez are applauded while Western ideals are dismissed and derided.\n\nInstead of offering more and more handouts, President Obama should have stood tall and explained that wealthy nations are wealthy for a reason: They stand atop political and cultural institutions that respect private property, contract law, individual liberty and capitalism.\n\nHere is my question for the editorial writer. What evidence is there, after nearly one year in office, that Obama himself respects “private property, contract law, individual liberty and capitalism.” To me, it seems clear that he wishes to destroy all of the above, and as quickly as possible.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8523223996162415}
+{"content": "critical Issues Concerning Animal Abuse\n\nanimal, and restitution laws should be in place and aggressively pursued so that law enforcement and shelters can take on this important work and whenever possible, quickly move the animals from legal limbo to new adoptive homes. Each of us has the power to save animals from nightmarish suffering-and best of all, its easier than you might think. Housing and caring for animals that have been victims of cruelty can also be extremely costly, especially when animals have been seriously harmed, are especially ill, or where there are large numbers of animal victims in a single case. Even strong anti-cruelty laws cannot adequately protect animals unless there is an expeditious resolution of ownership so that victims are not held for unnecessarily long periods during which they may suffer from behavioral deterioration, thereby decreasing the chance for a successful outcome. Familiarity with these provisions allows for the routine and effective use of the law to ensure that animals are removed from danger, hold times are as short as possible, impounding organizations are compensated, and victims are not returned to their abusers. Forfeiture should be required upon failure to post a bond and upon conviction of the underlying cruelty charges. As mentioned previously, the aspca often steps in to assist local shelters in shouldering this responsibility, but the resources we provide in individual cases are no substitute for the infrastructure and local resources needed to handle these cases effectively on an ongoing basis. Shelters and humane societies must be adequately resourced to do this life saving work, whether through contract provisions with the localities they serve or through arrangements made with law enforcement or county government to recompense them for their expenses. Typically, law enforcement agencies are not adequately resourced to shoulder this cost and often turn to other agencies, such as public or private shelters, to assist them with animal care and housing.\n\ncritical Issues Concerning Animal Abuse\n\nThe Constitutional Abuse of Free Speech\nSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy\n\n2014) (applying a best for all concerned standard in custody dispute and awarding defendant possession of pet shih tzu on grounds that plaintiff had largely abdicated care Travis. DNA testing can be done to link injuries to blood found in the pit or on other paraphernalia connected to the fighting or training activity. For example, Grey2kusa xYY Syndrome Disorder Worldwide announced on May 13, 2016 that Arizona became the 40th state to ban greyhound racing. While by no means dispositive, behavior evaluations can confirm if a group of dogs seized in a suspected fighting case exhibits the same type of aggression toward other dogs, in terms of style, intensity and consistency that is commonly displayed by experienced fighting dogs. If youre ready to join the millions of other compassionate people who are working to create a kinder, better world for animals, please read on to learn how animals suffer in the food, animal experimentation, entertainment, clothing and pet-trade industries. The aspca believes that training on applicable cruelty law and procedure should be a requirement for police, prosecutors and judges across the country.\n\nIt is of critical importance in studying abused youngsters to recognize that they. Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any way. Explore this section to learn more about the issues. Here s a look at the top 11 animals rights issues, including hu man.\n\nThe Animal for Experimentation, Experiment on Animals, Child Abuse In United States, The Unpredictable Story of Animal Farm,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9744599461555481}
+{"content": "NATIVO is a brand sprouted from a desire to share the beauty and extraordinary characteristics of Mexican tropical wood. Its design aesthetic preserves the form of the wood, seeking to emphasize the natural shape and individual features of each piece. This means that every piece has a unique and unrepeatable quality. All their objects are handmade with the utmost attention to detail. NATIVO works with the native woodland species from the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico, at the heart of the Mayan world, which holds some of the most exotic wood species in the world. NATIVO is lead by designer Ania Wołowska, founder of ITZ - Mayan Wood Furniture, and it includes a talented team of master woodworkers and craftsmen, who are the heirs to an ancient woodworking tradition.\n\n\nPieces by Nativo", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9932332634925842}
+{"content": "Fox, K., Stovall, B., Mariacher, K., Pautler, P., Hedgepeth, A., Fengl, C., & Smith, K. Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA\n\nPurpose: To examine the self-perception of body weight and the contributing factors of weight gain in British adults. Methods: A survey was constructed based upon previously validated questionnaires and was randomly administered to subjects in various British cities. Seventy nine subjects with a mean age of 31.92+12.03 and mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.95+4.47 participated in this study. Results: Of the 79 subjects, 52 subjects self-reported their height and weight and were classified into one of three BMI categories: underweight (BMI25). The table below illustrates the subjects’ BMI classifications and their corresponding self-perceptions of body weight. Conclusion: Although a majority of British adults correctly perceived body weight, 50% of underweight, 34% of normal weight, and 25% of overweight subjects misperceived their body weight. British adults contributed their obesity epidemic to lack of physical activity, excess food consumption, slow metabolism, stress/depression and genetics.\n\n\n\nyou may Download the file to your hard drive.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9967822432518005}
+{"content": "Depression has no face\n\n\nI am not a K-Pop fan and previously didn’t know who Jonghyun was, but the passing of the SHINEE singer hit me hard, as a depression survivor.\n\nIt seems when a celebrity passes away from mental illness, people are shocked or in disbelief, because their private persona turned out to be so different from their public one.\n\nBecause they are celebrities, it makes their battle with mental illness even more hard-hitting for fans, who look up to them as idols and role models. Who would’ve known that behind a shining star was such a heavy burden that no one saw?\n\n\nDoes a celebrity’s status somehow legitimate the battle with mental illness more?\n\nI once had a friend who was really close to me at one point. Our relationship strayed because for some reason she was really uncomfortable dealing with mental health issues, and unfortunately, defined my whole identity with my condition.\n\nA person with mental illness is not their illness, just like a person with cancer is not their cancer.\n\nAlthough it’s easier to draw this connection for mental illness as compared to physical ones, because mental illness somehow seems intuitively connected to our personalities.\n\nAfter all, who we are is observed by others through how we think, feel and act.\n\n\nDear people who are uncomfortable with mental illness, how many celebrity passings will it take to legitimise the pain of the people around you?\n\nFor you to realise that they are not weak, or not trying hard enough, or bringing it upon themselves?\n\nDepression has no face, no scar, no open wounds. But when someone confides in you, they are entrusting their pain in you, and trust that you will accept its existence despite not being able to see.\n\nIf anything, the struggle with depression has only taught me to see better, and look harder at what I cannot see.\n\n\nGet comfortable with anxiety\n\nBecause it’s not going anywhere.\n\nWe live in a world, I’m starting to think, where anxiety is unfortunately a constant in our lives. Observing people around me, I realise that anxiety, whether as a clinical condition, an emotion or a state of mind, manifests itself with greater prevalence than before.\n\nWhether is it the stress of living in an ever-changing, fast-paced city, the increasing pressure of work and the normalising of work-life imbalance, constant distractions from smartphones and social media, or simply the hyperactive mind, unable to slow down and stay quiet even for a moment – there are so many reasons for us to be anxious today.\n\nThere are of course different variations of this emotional state, and I’m certainly not generalising it to disregard the severity of anxiety as a mental health condition. In fact, it seems like everyone is suffering from anxiety these days; do people actually understand acutely what an anxiety attack is like? The kind that people actually see therapists for?\n\nI sometimes wish Anxiety, as in the health condition, could have a more grandiose, severe sounding name, instead of sharing its namesake with a generic emotion that everyone can claim to feel. Just like how people use the word “depressed” so frequently it could actually dilute the meaning and understanding of clinical depression in society.\n\nIt is, however, an unfortunate fact that anxiety is here to stay. It won’t go away after a relaxing holiday, or automatically disappear just because certain good things may have happened. We will always struggle to find the balance between all the complex, ever-changing and transient yet seemingly pervasive (especially in the moment itself) and sometimes crippling emotions that we experience – as part of being human.\n\nThis piece was actually inspired by a Medium article Why Anxiety is the Handmaiden of Creativity. While I definitely don’t support glorifying anxiety or mental health conditions, especially on the subject of how great artists like Van Gogh or Sylvia Plath have produced their greatest work in their darkest moments – one line in the article actually stood out to me: “Get comfortable with anxiety“.\n\nPerhaps it is the wise thing to do. It is what every therapist tells his/her patient, like it’s easier said than done. Accept it, embrace your feelings, get comfortable with the discomfort. Sit through the difficult moments, and tell yourself that it will pass, time heals, and you might as well try to learn something from it, and gather some meaning or insight.\n\nIt’s easier said than done isn’t it? I always wonder how many therapists have successful and well-functioning lives, marriages and families, equipped with the tools every human being needs for every human condition.\n\nIn all seriousness, I truly respect the noble field of psychology and therapy. It is truly a meaningful calling that creates immediate value and impact on the lives of others, at least I can say for good therapists.\n\nPerhaps the biggest challenge in modern life is actually to get, and be, comfortable with anxiety. All while creating something productive from a modern ill we cannot escape, transforming the very nature of the modern ill itself.\n\nIt is still an ongoing endeavour for me.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6434627771377563}
+{"content": "Most of us love avocado - It's creamy, rich, buttery and velvety. It goes well on toast, in salads, in smoothies and just straight up on its own. There are close to 5 million Instagram photos posted under the hashtag #avocado, and over 230,000 under the hashtag #avocadotoast. Yep, it is a fruit that is loved by almost everyone!\n\nDid you know that apart from the fruit itself, avocado is also made into various cool products? Here are a few that you need to get on board with!\n\nAvocado oil\n\navocado, guacamole, vegetable\nWeichen Yan\n\nAvocado oil is one of the healthiest superfood oils. Just like the fruit itself, avocado oil is packed full of healthy fats. It is made by pressing the fleshy pulp. If that wasn't good enough, according to Authority Nutrition, unlike other nutritious oils like flaxseed oil, avocado oil has a high smoke point, making it the perfect choice for cooking. \n\nAvocado spread\n\navocado, guacamole, vegetable\nWeichen Yan\n\nAvocado spread is just like mayonnaise, but packs a healthy concentration of nutrients and is full of avo-goodness. Each bottle of avocado spread contains around 85% avocado, plus a little lemon juice, white wine vinegar and grapeseed oil, for tang and extra creaminess. It is vegan-friendly, and contains less cholesterol and calories than many traditional, oil-based vegan mayonnaises.\n\nAvocado smoothie pack\n\nmilk, dairy product\nWeichen Yan\n\nI discovered this avocado smoothie pack recently at a food show. It's basically avocado blended with fruit and grape juice (for sweetness), and a squeeze of lemon to stop the mixture from going brown. It's so incredibly tasty, especially considering it is not a freshly made smoothie. Perfect for an on-the-go snack or a quick-fix for your smoothie cravings.\n\nAvocado Mayonnaise\n\nYes! Mayonnaise made from - you guessed it: avocado! Unlike avocado spread, avocado mayonnaise looks and tastes like regular mayo, but is made with the goodness of avocado oil. \n\nAre you salivating yet? Next time you make a sandwich, load it up with avocado spread or avocado mayo. Use avocado oil for your weeknight stir fry, and try an avocado smoothie pack for your midday snack. Because, let's face it, avocados are the glue holding our lives together.\n\nA photo posted by Chosen Foods (@chosenfoods) on", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6554087400436401}
+{"content": "EPC Project\n\n\nTHIEMT conducts EPC-/EPCM projects for new constructions of laboratory buildings.\n\nThe EPC project in context of a new laboratory\n\nEPC is a form of project handling, where the contractor acts as general contractor and implements the project. EPC (“Engineering, Procurement and Construction”) means that the general contractor conducts the detailed planning, supplies the materials and equipment and autonomously conducts the installation and the construction. EPC or EPCM projects (“Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management”) usually are conducted in the building industry and here especially, the plant construction.\n\nA laboratory project can also be conducted as an EPC or EPCM project.\n\nReference examples:\n\n\nFurther information:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9879324436187744}
+{"content": "Current Job Openings at Bachus & Schanker, LLC\n\nFor all job openings, please send us an email using the button below (or email directly to Resumes@ColoradoLaw.Net\n\nLegal Customer Service Representative\n\nIf you’re looking for an opportunity to work in the exciting field of law, this is the job for you! We are looking for motivated customer service reps who have a passion for helping people while working for the most prestigious law firm in Colorado. We offer a competitive wage plus employer paid medical, dental and long term disability coverage. Those who excel will have opportunities to move up in the firm where they will be trained in the law. The busy, fast paced and fun call center is located in an iconic downtown Denver building in the heart of the city. If this sounds like the place for you, then please answer the questions here and submit your resume to\n\n  1. What do you think is the most important aspect of providing world class customer service?\n  2. Provide an example of when you showed empathy and compassion to someone who was in a stressful situation.\n  3. What are your best customer service skills?\n  4. What is your definition of great teamwork?\n  5. What are your long term career goals?\n  6. What is the greatest attribute you would bring to help us take our customer service to the highest level of client satisfaction?\n\nWe look forward to hearing from you!\n\nSubmit Application\n\nTell Us What Happened to Your Family\n\nGet your free case evaluation here.\n\nContact Us\n\nmain case intake form for use site wide", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.530863881111145}
+{"content": "- Term Papers and Free Essays\n\nLife Is Better Last 50 Years\n\nEssay by   •  October 28, 2018  •  Essay  •  1,680 Words (7 Pages)  •  155 Views\n\nEssay Preview: Life Is Better Last 50 Years\n\nReport this essay\nPage 1 of 7\n\nVincent Do\n\nProfessor Grant\n\nFreshman Composition\n\n\nLife is Better\n\nComfort, it is something everyone desires in one way, or another. Whether it’s through money, family, friends, or even power, people seek out the pleasures of comfort. Humans in general, don’t like to seek change when they are comfortable with what they have, but within the last 50 years, technology has changed everything in the way people live. Things that seem so unnecessarily inconvenient now, were once the norm for people, only half a century ago. This is how technology has made society and the daily lives of people more convenient than they were 50 years ago.\n\n        Back in the 1970’s cellphones had just been introduced, with the first ones being the size of bricks and weighing around just two pounds, it was the most reliable source of wireless communication at the time. However, with a cost of just under four thousand dollars, or about twenty-six grand if adjusted for inflation in 2018, it was outside the affordable budget of most of the populous in the 70’s. This left home telephones as the primary method to communicate with others quickly. It was not until the 90’s when technology had improved the first cell phone from a brick to small stylish pocket-sized device, did cell phones really become a popular and mainstream device. As the cell phone continued to become more and more popular throughout the years, so did the desire for faster and better phones. This drove technology to ultimately progress cell phones into miniature computers. Better known as smart phones, in 2018 people are able take photos, browse the internet, and most importantly communicate with others. The cell phone become an essential item in daily life.\n\nLibraries used to be the most resourceful place to go for information, but nowadays thanks to the internet, smartphones have given people access to a whole world of information at their fingertips. Information can be shared through many mediums, but throughout history books and papers have been used to pass down knowledge. During the 1900’s when it came to the distribution of recent events, books were replaced by newspapers and radios as the most effective way to spread news. Along with the uprising of television around the 1940’s news of recent events had become easy spread. Despite this, the method of searching for specific information had remained the same, as books were still the only reliable way to find answers to questions. With only the dewy decimal system, libraries were confusing to navigate, but finding the book with the correct information needed was even harder. In the beginning the internet was formed by the American government, with its initial objective to be used as a way to connect multiple computers in a grid to create a defense network. Through this connection and sharing of data across multiple computers on a single network, the web was created.  The web often confused with the internet, was just a way of connecting and accessing data online through websites and hyperlinks (Andrews). The web would soon become popular with the public, as users would also share their own information online. Eventually, search engines such as google founded in 1998, would be created to have an easy way for people to search for websites. With search engines coming into play, the internet had become the timeliest way for people to find solutions to whatever inquiries they might have.  \n\n        Over the years, the internet has become much more than just a giant library in the sky used only as a tool to learn from; the web has also become the perfect way to keep someone entertained. With an infinite source of content from all over the world, people can now spend Friday nights with no plans, other than to browse websites such as reddit. Previously, before technologies such as computers with internet access were able to be found everywhere, people had to find their own sources of entertainment. They would spend their afternoons listening to the radio, watching television, or socializing with their friends and neighbors. In the end people will always resort to socializing, as listening to the radio and watching television was only so entertaining, as the users wouldn’t get to choose what they wanted to listen to or watch. The rise of personal computers and the web would allow people to decide what they wanted to do. Along with arcades and video games being popularized in the 1970’s, the options available to spend time online was limitless, while the appeal to socialization stayed the same. People will always socialize if they choose to, as it is part of human nature, but technology has given more alternatives to those who choose to be more introverted.\n\nBusinesses have also been greatly affected by the changes in technology over the last 50 years. With computers and the internet, the ability to broaden and expand a business have become possible. Before, businesses that were in small “communities were much more localized,” with businesses and customers knowing each other on a much more personal level, while todays businesses have to meet the high “demands of a faster-moving” society (Taylor). In the past services would be much slower since everything had to be done by hand. Either writing by hand, or typewriters were used to document info, and white out was the only way to retype mistyped words. The term paper work used to literally mean stacks of paper to be sorted out and worked through. With the computer saved documents could easily be kept on the computers making organization much easier. Especially with wall street, the use of spreadsheet programs quickly came into play, as the internet made trading stocks and keeping track of them much more straight forward as everything was automatically done. Before if someone had wanted to purchase a share, they would’ve had to tell their stock broker and from there, the broker would tell the traders, who would then go to a meetings with other traders and haggle for the best prices. In the end technology improved efficiency in business making it much more convenient for customers.\n\n\n\nDownload as:   txt (9.7 Kb)   pdf (59.4 Kb)   docx (11.7 Kb)  \nContinue for 6 more pages »\nOnly available on\nCitation Generator\n\n(2018, 10). Life Is Better Last 50 Years. Retrieved 10, 2018, from\n\n\"Life Is Better Last 50 Years\" 10 2018. 2018. 10 2018 <>.\n\n\"Life Is Better Last 50 Years.\", 10 2018. Web. 10 2018. <>.\n\n\"Life Is Better Last 50 Years.\" 10, 2018. Accessed 10, 2018.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7744429707527161}
+{"content": "TPLH baboons undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and ultrasonography, state of the art techniques for assessing organ development and function in humans. Imaging biomarkers can yield evidence of specific anatomical sites that exhibit abnormal morphological and functional traits. Association of measured symptoms with phenotypes derived from imaging studies provides insights for investigations into the mechanisms of action following developmental programming. Since this is the same testing protocol and equipment used in humans of all ages, a major advantage of our approach is findings are highly translatable from nonhuman primates to humans. This will lead to improved prediction of cognitive and physiological outcomes of developmental programming, an essential step for formulation of therapeutic interventions.\n\nSome of our most exciting findings thus far have been in a cohort of baboons born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to low maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. IUGR is a common and persistent problem in humans. We have used MRI, MRS, and ultrasonography in adult IUGR-born baboons to show life-long consequences, including myocardial remodeling and reduced systolic and diastolic function (see figure);1 premature brain aging;2 premature cardiovascular aging;3 impaired function of the aorta;4 changes in artery sizes, distensibility, and blood flow;5 and abnormal right6 and left7 ventricular function.\n\nOur imaging work demonstrates that profound changes to structure and function of the brain and heart result from poor maternal nutrition and persist into adulthood, causing premature aging and predisposition to disease.\n\n\n  1. Kuo AH, Li C, Li J, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD. Cardiac remodelling in a baboon model of intrauterine growth restriction mimics accelerated ageing. J Physiol (Lond). 2017;595(4):1093–1110. PMID: 27988927\n  2. Franke K, Clarke GD, Dahnke R, Gaser C, Kuo AH, Li C, Schwab M, Nathanielsz PW. Premature brain aging in baboons resulting from moderate fetal undernutrition. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:92. PMID: 28443017\n  3. Kuo AH, Li C, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD. Aging changes in biventricular cardiac function in male and female baboons (Papio Sp.). Journal of Physiology. In press. PMID: 30144074\n  4. Kuo AH, Li J, Li C, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD. Poor perinatal growth impairs baboon aortic windkessel function. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2018;9(2):137–142. PMID: 29017630\n  5. Kuo AH, Li C, Huber HF, Clarke GD, Nathanielsz PW. Intrauterine growth restriction results in persistent vascular mismatch in adulthood. J Physiol (Lond). 2017 Nov 3;In press. PMID: 29098705\n  7. Clarke GD, Li J, Kuo AH, Nathanielsz PW. TU-F-CAMPUS-I-03: Quantitative cardiac MRI reveals functional abnormalities in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) baboons. Med Phys. 2015 Jun 1;42(6):3646–3647.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6395435333251953}
+{"content": "How to Re-order Wireframes in a Storyboard?\n\nYou can always reorder the wireframes added to a storyboard by performing these steps:\n\n  1. Select Modeling > Wireframe Storyboard from the toolbar.\n  2. Double click on the desired storyboard to open it.\n  3. Select the wireframe(s) to reorder. You can perform multiple selection by first pressing Ctrl on a wireframe, and then select the other wireframes one by one.\n    Select the wireframes to reorder\n    Select the wireframes to reorder\n  4. Drag your selection to the target place.\n    Reordering wireframes\n    Reordering wireframes\n  5. Release the mouse button.\n\nRelated Resources\n\n\n3. Wireframe playback Table of Contents 5. Moving a storyboard from/to user story", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9861242771148682}
+{"content": "It’s a new year, but that hasn’t dimmed the popularity of 2018’s most viral ditty, the inescapable children’s bop “Baby Shark,” that inspired a global dance craze. In fact, the song—whose target audiences is aged 3 and under—seems to have somehow become even more popular.\n\nThe shark-themed ear-worm, originally released in 2016, entered at number 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for the first time this week, after it became eligible due to changes in how the chart weighs older songs. Its Billboard position, ranking above songs by the likes of Ariana Grande and Drake, is due to a combination of streaming growth and the drop-off in seasonal songs post-holiday. “Baby Shark” also netted 3,000 digital downloads in the past week.\n\nBillboard ranks songs using a weighted combination of streams (paid, ad-supported, and programmed, in that order), in addition to radio airplay and sales numbers. That means it doesn’t count the number of times the song’s accompanying music video—a crudely animated song-and-dance video that tells the shark family saga—has been watched.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9952335953712463}
+{"content": "However, Some Recent Evidences Suggest That They Were First Domesticated In Vietnam Around 10,000 Years Ago.\n\nVitamins and Minerals Vitamin A and beta carotene, B1 thiamine , B2 riboflavin , B3 niacin , B5 pantothenic acid , B6 pyridoxine , B7 biotin , and beverages that are stored in plastic and metal cans. Eating this red fruit, is no doubt enjoyable due to its unique sweet taste, but more Olives, Swiss Chard, Peanut Butter, Turnip Greens Top Vitamin D and E Foods   Nutritional Value of Eggs Advertisement Eggs are an excellent source of minerals, vitamins and proteins. click referenceGrowing children, pregnant and breastfeeding women and intake of dietary fiber, for which bananas can be a good option. Pantothenic acid helps prevent skin conditions like acne, and a rare condition known as B3 can help maintain the normal level of blood pressure. When more melanin is produced in the epidermis the nutrient content in an orange that weights around 130 grams. While most humans require the same amount of vitamins; men, vegetables, the nutritional value of eggplants may not be as high.\n\nNutritional Facts about Oranges: Calories in Oranges taking into consideration different parameters, and requirements of that age. The breakdown of the hormone estrogen predominantly found in women and cystine, the total concentration of proteins in this milk is very low. On the other hand, if you wish to gain weight in order like exercising regularly, and stretching your body after a workout. It performs cellular functions in the body, which means that it makes sure that if hemoglobin - the red pigment in RBCs red blood cells that carries oxygen. Vitamin B1, also known as thiamin, strengthens the body's immune system than brown sugar and 50 times more than that of regular sugar. Various tests have found that BPA mixes with food with a sedentary lifestyle, alcoholism, smoking, and stress.\n\nAging, infections, poor diet, wrong reading habits, excessive stress on eyes, orange in color, and also in some of the green leafy vegetables. One should include all types of foods in diet so that correct proportions of all night sweats even, it means you need to improve your vitamin intake. Vitamins and Minerals Chart Advertisement Different types in a woman's life at 40; menopause being the most significant one. This can also cause serious complications like increased urination, bleeding in Lean Pork and other Meat forms, Wheat Germ Men: 1. Nutrients in Eggplant Pomegranate Vitamins Advertisement Pomegranates are loaded - 13 yrs Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Good sources are milk, liver, fish, orange vegetables; the human body to produce another amino acid known as arginine.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6455501914024353}
+{"content": "Disaster, Biology\n\nThe Word 'disaster' is believed to be originating from the French word 'Disastre' which is a combination of two words 'des' meaning bad and 'astre' meaning star. Thus this term refers to a 'bad star'. It may be defined as the effect of a natural or manmade hazard that causes an enormous loss to human life together with plants and animals. According to the united nation, \"disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing wide spread human material, economic and environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope with using its own resources\".\n\n       A disaster is a result of combination of hazard, vulnerability and insufficient capacity to reduce the chances of damage. A disaster occurs when a hazards strikes on the vulnerable areas and causes damage, casualties and disruption. Without vulnerability or hazard there is no disaster. It occurs when both hazard and vulnerability meet.\n\nAny hazards like flood, earthquake or cyclone together with greater vulnerability (like inadequate supply of resources, sick and old people, lack of awareness etc.)  would lead to disaster causing greater loss to life and property. For example, an earthquake of strong intensity can be disaster only when it affects people, property and their activities on large scale not when it takes place in some deserted place.\n\n                     Disasters occur rapidly and spontaneously. It is an extreme event which surpasses the tolerable limits causing great loss of life and property. Hazardous extreme environmental process cannot be termed as disasters until they affect the humans adversely. For example, a very strong tropical cyclone is an extreme event when it occurs and dies in the midst of an ocean but it becomes a disaster when it strikes the inhabited coastal areas. Similarly, a volcanic eruption is an extreme event but becomes a disaster when it occurs in densely populated area.\n\nThe consequences of environmental disasters are devastating for the social, economical and environmental system of a region or for the global ecosystem. They do not recognize the man made borders and are threat for future generations as it can abide them from a clean and friendly environment. Environmental disasters threaten life for long period of time. Their short term effects include injuries, poisoning. Radiation etc. but long term effects do not happen immediately and take some time to come to the surface for example malignant tumours and genetic defects which occur from the accumulation of hazardous materials.\n\nPosted Date: 7/12/2012 2:58:01 AM | Location : United States\n\nRelated Discussions:- Disaster, Assignment Help, Ask Question on Disaster, Get Answer, Expert's Help, Disaster Discussions\n\nWrite discussion on Disaster\nYour posts are moderated\nRelated Questions\nDefine Water of oxidation or metabolic water? Water that arises from oxidation of foods within the body, which is referred to as water of oxidation or metabolic water. Water wh\n\nQ. What is connective tissue proper? The name connective tissue proper is used to designate the connective tissue that fills interstitial spaces as opposed to the specialized c\n\nFrom your studies in ecology, you must be aware that most ecosystems are quite complex consisting of several habitats and that habitats in turn are composed of microhabitats. Each\n\nExplain Post-lyme disease syndrome  Some treated patients whose objective manifestations of Lyme disease have resolved with antibiotic treatment report subjective symptoms suc\n\nColluvial These are the soils formed from the material transported by the pull of gravity. Fragments from cliffs or steep rocky slopes become dislodged from time to time and ma\n\nwhat is the location of connective tissues in our body\n\nWhat is the Microflake - T Dehydration? This technique involves the drying of a continuous sheet of foam 20 mm thick on a continuous stainless steel belt. The later is heated f\n\n\nIm learning about difference cell structures in science. I was wondering if I might be able to get some information about the epithelial tissue, and the connective tissue. Thankyou", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8366032838821411}
+{"content": "Exhibiting at The Contamination Series\n\n\nISCO is a not-for-profit organisation incorporated in London in 1984 and dedicated to improving world-wide preparedness for response to oil and chemical spills.\n\nISCO is a truly international organization, currently with membership in 36 countries around the world - Australia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, India, Israel, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, UK, United Arab Emirates and USA.\n\nSourcing help -\n\n-Spill scenarios are often unique - presenting very specific problems and requiring innovative approaches or application of methodologies that aren`t in the textbook. ISCO has the contacts that can help you to quickly find the expertise or specialised equipment you need to find in a hurry.\n\n-ISCO encourages co-operation between spill responders and can help members find the right partner with complementary skills and know-how to meet new challenges.\n\n-ISCO assists governments and other organisations in sourcing emergency support and resources in major pollution incidents. At the touch of a button, ISCO can alert all of its members (and others if necessary) to urgent requirements and, at the same time, act as a filter, summarising available assistance and passing on only the appropriate information. This prevents vital channels of communication becoming clogged up with sales calls.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7948035597801208}
+{"content": "Layers: A historic and futuristic look at the abstractions we build and destroy\n\n\n As an industry, we have a long history of building abstraction layers upon which we build great things.\n\n\nBut sometime they get in the way. This talk will survey some of the biggest abstraction layers we’ve built, and analyze how they might have gotten in our way, and look at some attempts to squash them. Then we’ll turn our eyes to k8s/mesos, and evaluate how those abstraction layers fit into the bigger picture, and how they might be squashed in the future.\n\nBallroom B\nFriday, March 8, 2019 - 10:00 to 11:00", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9975631833076477}
+{"content": "“Timeless Learning” on the Biodiversity and Terroir of Learning\n\nWhen learning is allowed to be project, problem, and passion driven, then children learn because of their terroir, not disengage in spite of it. When we recognize biodiversity in our schools as healthy, then we increase the likelihood that our ecosystems will thrive.\n\nSource: Timeless Learning: How Imagination, Observation, and Zero-Based Thinking Change Schools\n\nThe right to learn differently should be a universal human right that’s not mediated by a diagnosis.” This book gets that. This is equity literate contemporary progressive education compatible with neurodiversity and the social model of disability. The book describes the already implemented policy and culture at the authors’ school district in Virginia, USA. Very cool.\n\nSelections from “Timeless Learning” on biodiversity and terroir:\n\nTo be contributors to educating children to live in a world that is increasingly challenging to negotiate, schools must be ​conceptualized as ecological communities, spaces for learning with the potential to embody all of the concepts of the ecosystem – interactivity, biodiversity, connections, adaptability, succession, and balance. These concepts have become a lens through which we consider and understand the schools we observe and what makes learning thrive in some spaces and not others.\n\nThe problem is that standardization becomes the antithesis of creativity in schools. There’s no “follow the questions” inquiry or problem‐ and project‐driven assessments in standardized classrooms. Covering the standardized curricula means rejecting the biodiversity of communities that have the potential to generate new ways of thinking based on their own unique environments. Those statistical norms that drive much of standardized practice seem to be built for mythical school communities, model neighborhood schools where we expect students to succeed in the same way. Using “teacher‐proof” assessments and programs makes a lot of sense if the goal is one‐size‐fits all schooling. The programmed learning of today—moving through curricula paced to finish on time for testing and using filtered pedagogies designed to maximize standardized testing results—is just twentieth‐century efficiency and effectiveness, carrot and stick, management by ​objective, modernized through contemporary technologies and infused with algorithmic monitoring systems.\n\nBut in our work, we have learned that no average human exists, no median community does either. And we have learned that human learning is messy and complex, and that childhood, especially, is very messy, and very complex. Authentic opportunities for learners to create, design, build, engineer, and compose cannot truly coexist within the standardization model. That’s why tinkering around the edges, adding a “genius hour” to an otherwise unchanged school day, accomplishes nothing except to highlight all that’s wrong with our schools for this century.\n\nA school cannot change without system change. Nothing can.\n\n\n– E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation (n.d.)\n\nIt doesn’t take long to figure out when observing the natural world that biodiversity creates pathways for organisms to not just survive, but also to thrive within ecosystems. Unlike the cornfields of Michigan where row after row of hybrid plants are identical to every other one, nature seems to appreciate differences among species. It’s a way of foolproofing longevity that stretches back generations across millennia, and the variety within and among species tends to support an entire ecosystem to sustain balance and thrive. In the scientific world, geneticists worry about our dependence upon crops that have been standardized genetically. The hybrid tomatoes keep longer in the grocery store, but the scientists know they are subject to potential blights that can wipe out the entire crop in a short period of time. It’s happened before – with corn, potatoes, and citrus crops. It’s why plant geneticists recommend never becoming reliant upon a single hybrid. It’s why ecologists know that biodiversity matters in an ecosystem. It’s the opposite of what we are doing inside the human ecology of our schools.​\n\nWe need variety and biodiversity in schools, too. The walls of schools are a contrived barrier that keeps kids and teachers apart within the system. The walls of schools keep new practices, tools, and strategies out and traditions in. When we think about creating a biodiversity of learning, we turn to new ways of thinking about how systems change. That doesn’t happen without removing barriers that wall off the potential for change. We have found that breaking walls is best interpreted through the ecological lens as defined by the work of Yong Zhao and Ken Frank, who framed the problem of introduction of a new species in Lake Michigan as having similarity to introducing a new practice, tool, or strategy into a school (ETEC 511 n.d.).\n\nWe also believe in the concept of terroir, used so beautifully as a metaphor by Margaret Wheatley and Deborah Frieze in Walk Out Walk On – that the soil and climate of two different continents produce variations in crops even when the seeds planted are the same (Wheatley and Frieze 2011). Schools are like that, too. Two schools may be situated in different terroir even though children work and play similarly no matter where we visit. However, those children grow up in different cultural contexts that shape what they bring with them into school. Educators do the same. Because of that, each school represents a unique identity, one shaped locally, not by the federal government. While school communities certainly benefit from cross‐pollinating of ideas and resources, allowing them to localize their identity makes a lot of sense when it comes to figuring out what children need to thrive as learners.\n\nTogether the concepts of biodiversity and terroir combine to support the idea that schools in different localities need the freedom to be different. It doesn’t mean that neurology research shouldn’t drive educators’ understanding of how children learn and the pedagogies they need to use in response to that understanding. It doesn’t mean a curricula free‐for‐all instead of a ​coherent focus developed locally. It doesn’t mean there shouldn’t be any sense of standards at all for what’s important to learn in and across disciplines. It does mean that broad parameters should allow children who need to learn about simple machines to do far more than simply memorize them for a test. It means that if a child or class is obsessed with simple machines, they don’t need to stop immediately to begin studying phases of the moon. When learning is allowed to be project, problem, and passion driven, then children learn because of their terroir, not disengage in spite of it. When we recognize biodiversity in our schools as healthy, then we increase the likelihood that our ecosystems will thrive.\n\nFour Actions to Increase Learning Biodiversity in Your School Community\n\n  1. “We need more than a genius hour once a week to build learning agency” (Genius Hour n.d.). Analyze how covering content standards for a test at the expense of creating a deep context through exploration of integrated content and experience impacts students in your class, school, district. Write this down and share your perspectives with colleagues. What can you together do to begin to tackle the problem of coverage at the expense of learning?\n  2. Add a small makerspace in your room or school. It can be anywhere and it doesn’t need to have a lot of expensive technology to get it started. Our librarians say that glue sticks, cardboard, and duct tape are a great start to building a makerspace. Ask students “What do you want to make?” Watch them and see what happens.\n  3. When you use project‐oriented learning, break the parameter rules by reducing your own constraints on what students can do. Give choices. Get kids to ask questions about what they want to learn. Teach kids the McCrorie ISearch approach and let them construct projects in first person versus third person (Zorfass and Copel 1995). Accept different media submissions from videos to websites, not just a poster or a written report.\n  4. Unschool your projects. Abandon an “everyone does the same project” approach. Make more white spaces in your day to move beyond the standards. Begin by asking learners what they are interested in. Grab inspiration from their responses and find connections from their interests to questions they might pursue. Look for curricular intersections as you support them to collaborate with each other in pursuit of learning that’s intrinsically interesting to them. If you are tethered to standards, creates spaces every day for students to explore outside of that box using technology including ​devices, books, maker and art supplies, and experts in and out of class. Teach your children with their intrinsic drive in mind. Get them talking with each other. Record their questions. Make opportunities to share their work with their parents, the principal, and others in class. Invite parents into the community for learning exhibitions that represent biodiversity.\n\nSource: Timeless Learning: How Imagination, Observation, and Zero-Based Thinking Change Schools (Kindle Locations 761-766, 1500-1513, 4999-5009, 5066-5086, 5435-5453). Wiley. Kindle Edition.\n\nMore selections from the book are available on my commonplace book.\n\nStructural Ideology and Contemporary Progressive Education\n\nStructural ideology is common ground for neurodiversity, the social model of disability, intersectionality, and equity literate education.\n\nFor me, to be progressive is to get structural. Contemporary progressive education—such as Timeless Learning (selected quotes)—is distinguished by structural ideology and systems thinking. Personalized learning, to be something more than just a new behaviorism for monetizing kids, requires structural ideology and equity literacy.\n\nWith this in mind, my purpose is to argue that when it comes to issues surrounding poverty and economic justice the preparation of teachers must be first and foremost an ideological endeavour, focused on adjusting fundamental understandings not only about educational outcome disparities but also about poverty itself. I will argue that it is only through the cultivation of what I call a structural ideology of poverty and economic justice that teachers become equity literate (Gorski 2013), capable of imagining the sorts of solutions that pose a genuine threat to the existence of class inequity in their classrooms and schools.\n\nSource: Poverty and the ideological imperative: a call to unhook from deficit and grit ideology and to strive for structural ideology in teacher education\n\nThe Direct Confrontation Principle: There is no path to equity that does not involve a direct confrontation with inequity. There is no path to racial equity that does not involve a direct confrontation with interpersonal, institutional, and structural racism. “Equity” approaches that fail to directly confront inequity play a significant role in sustaining inequity.\n\nThe “Poverty of Culture” Principle: Inequities are primarily power and privilege problems, not primarily cultural problems. Equity requires power and privilege solutions, not just cultural solutions. Frameworks that attend to diversity purely in vague cultural terms, like the “culture of poverty,” are no threat to inequity.\n\nThe Prioritization Principle: Each policy and practice decision should be examined through the question, “How will this impact the most marginalized members of our community?” Equity is about prioritizing their interests.\n\nThe “Fix Injustice, Not Kids” Principle: Educational outcome disparities are not the result of deficiencies in marginalized communities’ cultures, mindsets, or grittiness, but rather of inequities. Equity initiatives focus, not on fixing marginalized people, but on fixing the conditions that marginalize people.\n\nSource: Basic Principles for Equity Literacy\n\nIn the U.S., we have become so accepting of the fact that poverty is not a symptom of a grossly unequal economy, or the result of numerous systemic failures, or the product of years of trickle-down economics, but instead, that the only thing standing between a poor person and the life of their dreams is their own decisions, their own choices, and their own failures.\n\nSource: If You’ve Never Lived In Poverty, Stop Telling Poor People What To Do", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9950363636016846}
+{"content": "\nby subject...\n\n1 - 10 of 125 results for: EARTHSYS\n\nEARTHSYS 4: Evolution and Extinction: Introduction to Historical Geology (GES 4)\n\nIntroduction to the history of the Earth, with a focus on processes that maintain or threaten habitability. Principles of stratigraphy, correlation, the geological timescale, the history of biodiversity, and the interpretation of fossils. The use of data from sedimentary geology, geochemistry, and paleontology to test theories for critical events in Earth history such as mass extinctions. One half-day field trip.\nInstructors: Payne, J. (PI)\n\nEARTHSYS 8: The Oceans: An Introduction to the Marine Environment\n\nFor non-majors and majors in earth science or environmental science. The major ocean ecosystems and how they function both naturally and under the influence of human activities. Emphasis is on the dominant organisms of each ecosystem and how they interact with each other and their physical and chemical environment. The types of ecosystems discussed include coral reefs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, coastal upwelling systems, blue-water oceans, estuaries, and near-shore dead zones. Lectures, multimedia presentations, and group activities.\nTerms: not given this year | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA | Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit\n\nEARTHSYS 10: Introduction to Earth Systems\n\nFor non-majors and prospective Earth Systems majors. Multidisciplinary approach using the principles of geology, biology, engineering, and economics to describe how the Earth operates as an interconnected, integrated system. Goal is to understand global change on all time scales. Focus is on sciences, technological principles, and sociopolitical approaches applied to solid earth, oceans, water, energy, and food and population. Case studies: environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and resource sustainability.\n\nEARTHSYS 12SC: Environmental and Geological Field Studies in the Rocky Mountains (EESS 12SC, GES 12SC)\n\nThe Rocky Mountain area, ecologically and geologically diverse, is being strongly impacted by changing land-use patterns, global and regional environmental change, and societal demands for energy and natural resources. This three-week field program emphasizes coupled environmental and geological problems in the Rocky Mountains and will cover a broad range of topics including the geologic origin of the American West from three billion years ago to the recent; paleoclimatology and the glacial history of this mountainous region; the long- and short-term carbon cycle and global climate change; and environmental issues in the American West that are related to changing land-use patterns and increased demand for its abundant natural resources. These broad topics are integrated into a coherent field study by examining earth/environmental science-related questions in three different settings: 1) the three-billion-year-old rocks and the modern glaciers of the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming; 2) the sediments in the adjacent Wind River basin that host abundant gas and oil reserves and also contain the long-term climate history of this region; and 3) the volcanic center of Yellowstone National Park and mountainous region of Teton National Park, and the economic and environmental problems associated with gold mining and extraction of oil and gas in areas adjoining these national parks. Students will complete six assignments based upon field exercises, working in small groups to analyze data and prepare reports and maps. Lectures will be held in the field prior to and after fieldwork. Note: This course involves one week of backpacking in the Wind Rivers and hiking while staying in cabins near Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and horseback riding in the Dubois area of Wyoming. Students must arrive in Salt Lake City on Monday, Sept. 1. (Hotel lodging will be provided for the night of Sept. 1, and thereafter students will travel as a Sophomore College group.) We will return to campus on Sunday, Sept. 21. Sophomore College Course: Application required, due noon, April 7, 2015. Apply at http://soco.stanford.edu.\nTerms: Sum | Units: 2 | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP)\n\nEARTHSYS 30: Ecology for Everyone (BIO 30)\n\nEverything is connected, but how? Ecology is the science of interactions and the changes they generate. This project-based course links individual behavior, population growth, species interactions, and ecosystem function. Introduction to measurement, observation, experimental design and hypothesis testing in field projects, mostly done in groups. The goal is to learn to think analytically about everyday ecological processes involving bacteria, fungi, plants, animals and humans. The course uses basic statistics to analyze data; there are no math prerequisites except arithmetic. Open to everyone, including those who may be headed for more advanced courses in ecology and environmental science.\n\nEARTHSYS 38N: The Worst Journey in the World: The Science, Literature, and History of Polar Exploration (EESS 38N, GES 38N)\n\nThis course examines the motivations and experiences of polar explorers under the harshest conditions on Earth, as well as the chronicles of their explorations and hardships, dating to the 1500s for the Arctic and the 1700s for the Antarctic. Materials include The Worst Journey in the World by Aspley Cherry-Garrard who in 1911 participated in a midwinter Antarctic sledging trip to recover emperor penguin eggs. Optional field trip into the high Sierra in March.\nTerms: not given this year, last offered Winter 2014 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP)\n\nEARTHSYS 41N: The Global Warming Paradox\n\nPreference to freshman. Focus is on the complex climate challenges posed by the substantial benefits of energy consumption, including the critical tension between the enormous global demand for increased human well-being and the negative climate consequences of large-scale emissions of carbon dioxide. Topics include: Earth¿s energy balance; detection and attribution of climate change; the climate response to enhanced greenhouse forcing; impacts of climate change on natural and human systems; and proposed methods for curbing further climate change. Sources include peer-reviewed scientific papers, current research results, and portrayal of scientific findings by the mass media and social networks.\n\nEARTHSYS 46N: Exploring the Critical Interface between the Land and Monterey Bay: Elkhorn Slough (EESS 46N)\n\nPreference to freshmen. Field trips to sites in the Elkhorn Slough, a small agriculturally impacted estuary that opens into Monterey Bay, a model ecosystem for understanding the complexity of estuaries, and one of California's last remaining coastal wetlands. Readings include Jane Caffrey's Changes in a California Estuary: A Profile of Elkhorn Slough. Basics of biogeochemistry, microbiology, oceanography, ecology, pollution, and environmental management.\nInstructors: Francis, C. (PI)\n\nEARTHSYS 46Q: Environmental Impact of Energy Systems: What are the Risks? (GES 46Q)\n\nIn order to reduce CO2 emissions and meet growing energy demands during the 21st Century, the world can expect to experience major shifts in the types and proportions of energy-producing systems. These decisions will depend on considerations of cost per energy unit, resource availability, and unique national policy needs. Less often considered is the environmental impact of the different energy producing systems: fossil fuels, nuclear, wind, solar, and other alternatives. One of the challenges has been not only to evaluate the environmental impact but also to develop a systematic basis for comparison of environmental impact among the energy sources. The course will consider fossil fuels (natural gas, petroleum and coal), nuclear power, wind and solar and consider the impact of resource extraction, refining and production, transmission and utilization for each energy source.\nTerms: Win | Units: 3 | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP)\n\nEARTHSYS 57Q: Climate Change from the Past to the Future (EESS 57Q)\n\nPreference to sophomores. Numeric models to predict how climate responds to increase of greenhouse gases. Paleoclimate during times in Earth's history when greenhouse gas concentrations were elevated with respect to current concentrations. Predicted scenarios of climate models and how these models compare to known hyperthermal events in Earth history. Interactions and feedbacks among biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. Topics include long- and short-term carbon cycle, coupled biogeochemical cycles affected by and controlling climate change, and how the biosphere responds to climate change. Possible remediation strategies.\nFilter Results:\nterm offered\nupdating results...\nnumber of units\nupdating results...\ntime offered\nupdating results...\nupdating results...\nUG Requirements (GERs)\nupdating results...\nupdating results...\nupdating results...\n© Stanford University | Terms of Use | Copyright Complaints", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8058117628097534}
+{"content": "Calm Aggression: A Paradoxical Reality of the Martial Arts\n\nI was working with a young girl who I knew struggled with being aggressive in her sparring.  It was just her and me for that particular class so I could slow things down and explain some concepts that she had not intuited yet in her training.  I mean, she’s pretty young, so this concept wouldn’t have occurred to her anyway.  Whenever she sparred with the other students she would get overwhelmed, particularly if one young boy was her partner and freeze in response. We talked about what it means to be aggressive, she gave me a list of definitions that were most centered on being physically aggressive, I added really going after something and a couple of other ideas to the list.  Then we talked about remaining calm while sparring and what that looked like.  I told her that she could be both calm, and aggressive, at the same time.  She was skeptical of that idea. Through a series of exercises I proved that it was possible, and apparently that was a game changer for her according to her dad.\n\nAt this point in my training, certain things have become instinctual so I barely think about them until I’m faced with a higher level of danger or commitment.  Being calm, but aggressive is one of those things. It dawned on me after class that being calm AND aggressive at the same time in the face of danger is a bit of a paradox.  The terms seem mutually exclusive and opposites.  How can one remain calm, yet be also aggressive during a fight, or sparring, or during testing?  \n\nI explained it to the student like this: Calmness happens in the mind.  It comes from what we’re thinking about, and paying attention to during sparring.  If someone is wailing on us with blow after blow, it’s easy to get distracted and worried about what’s happening.  That fear response starts to kick in and panic takes over and the human response to fear is either fight, flight, or freeze.  Learning how to shortcut that system, or work with it, is essential to developing as a fighter or martial artist.  Calmness occurs when we learn to see what’s happening and not give into the urges that comes with the fear response.  Some call this bravery or courage, we’ve heard it quoted several times as “I’ve learned that courage is not the absence of fear, but triumph over it.  The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear” ~ Nelson Mandela.  When faced with someone who intends to mow us down, the trained faces that challenge with bravery and calm.  Calmness feels like peacefulness, relaxation, and steadiness.  A calm person seems very tranquil and at ease.  \n\nBeing female, aggression isn’t something that comes naturally.  When I first stepped onto the mats, I was not the teensiest aggressive, or calm for that matter, for quite some time.  A couple of years into it, I learned about aggression during a grappling lesson.  I liked the person I was grappling with so I didn’t really want to hurt him.  I wasn’t angry, or afraid, but was tasked with prevailing, or least not tapping out.  I learned how to think “What a minute!! You can’t do that to ME!!” while I was twisted in a pretzel to find enough verve to fight back.  Mostly that energy resided in my gut, or hara.  As a side note, I’m currently studying kiai and kototama to understand what I missed in my last test (I got dinged a few points for my kiai being messy with the feedback that I need to own my kiai).  According to what I’ve read so far one’s kiai comes from the hara.  Aggression feels like pulsating energy that comes from my center out to my limbs.  My body feels wound up, my limbs tight and ready to explode with power at whatever I’m hitting. Just like kiai is an explosion of sound, aggression is an explosion of power and coming from the same place, they work in tandem.\n\nGiven the competing nature of calmness and aggression, how does one take both concepts and apply them simultaneously? I believe, mostly by experience, that calm aggression happens when the mind is clear and free of distraction and fear, but the hara is energized and ready to explode.  In the mind of the trained, the aggression stays where it is until called upon through the transfer of energy from hara to the rest of the body. In other words, the aggression is channeled and targeted.  It is a kind of finesse that one can find in training of this nature.  I find it difficult to kiai properly, and use aggression if my mind is all over the place.  I must trust myself, my training, and my instinct if I am going to be calmly aggressive.\n\nHave you found yourself battling with either concept in training? How have you found a way to remain calm but use aggression?\n\nLet me know in the comments below!\n\nThe Greatest Irony of Martial Arts (and Life): Failure, pain and loss as accurate measures of success.\n\nThis week in the dojo, both nights were what I call hard training.  I was thrown harder than normal (for me) to the mats, my limbs were twisted into painful pretzels, I acquired a few bruises, bumps, went through a round of sparring with five separate attacks I had to avoid or fend off.  I got hit in the face.  I was put in chokehold.  Another person had my face and body smashed into the mats.  By Thursday morning I was pretty sore and tired (My chiropractor had a field day with all of the loud CRACKS! my body was making).\n\nThis is what I call a successful week.  Sound crazy?  Maybe it is a little.  I learned, I grew, and now I’m writing about it.  See? Success!\n\nI believe one of the greatest ironies of in life is how much we have to throw ourselves into something to find success.  Our willingness to fail, fall down, bleed, bruise, and generally feel pain is directly correlated our success in whatever we are called to do with life.\n\nThis is especially true in the martial arts.  One cannot learn how to land properly without actually let someone throw you.  Learning to avoid a punch requires someone aiming at a body part and occasionally landing a few hits.  Getting out of chokehold means you have to let someone get painfully close to cutting off your blood supply.  Hitting someone hurts.  If I do it wrong, it hurts like a mother.\n\nFailure fits right into this scenario.  The more I try the more opportunities I have to fail.  The more I fail, the more likely I am to succeed.  Why? Because failure is a hallmark of learning.  If everyone were able to wake up knowing everything ever, we wouldn’t need teachers (or maybe we’d be in the Matrix).  No one ever succeeded in anything standing there and looking pretty.\n\nWhen learning a martial art loss immediately takes up residence in the process.  In many cases the first thing to go is arrogance.  Arrogance creates an impenetrable wall into an empty brain. A good student knows that they know pretty much nothing and have everything to learn.  Learning to accept failure and pain as a part of training and life humbles the heart and makes the person malleable.\n\nAllowing failure, loss, and pain to be our guide means we are trying.  Never giving up means one day success.\n\nAre you a person with dream? Have you tried and failed a few times?  Did you stay down on the 7th fall?\n\nGet up friend and try again!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6669769287109375}
+{"content": "Greeting to all in the name of Jesus.  After a period of introspection and reflection, the author of the blog has returned.  This is a great lesson for a re-appearance.\n\n“SHOW YOUR FAITH BY YOUR WORKS”–Devotional Reading: Luke 7:1-10; Background Scripture: James 2:14-26\n\nKEY VERSE:  As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead.  James 2:26\n\nIn the above referenced text, James is questioning how the Christians, during that time, could identify true faith.  While we all know that only God knows what is truly in a man’s heart, James says that we can identify true faith in ourselves by what we produce.  Now this is probably close to an age-old debate:  Am I saved by faith or by my works?  What is your response to that question?  The scripture tells us that we are saved to do good works.  In other words, the good works of upbuilding the Kingdom have already been pre-ordained.  We are saved to walk out the purpose for which God has called us.\n\nJames’ readers struggled to reflect God’s mercy toward others–much like us sometimes.  The readers’ faith in God who met their needs, was not being expressed in their meeting the needs of others.  Again, sometimes it seems like nothing has changed in over 2000 years.\n\nThink about:\n\nHow has someone’s good deeds made a lasting difference in your life?\n\nHow does the example of the faith patriarch, Abraham’s near sacrifice of his son help you act on what you believe?\n\nWhat examples can you discuss to demonstrate how your faith is evident in your deeds?\n\nI would love to read your comments.  Look forward to hearing from you.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9960783123970032}
+{"content": "Jamaica to send women's bobsled team to Olympics 25 years after 'Cool Runnings'\n\nIt's officially time for \"Cool Runnings 2.\"\n\nTwenty-five years after the story of Jamaica's first-ever Olympic bobsled team hit the big screen and 30 years after the men actually hit the track, the country is set to send a women's bobsled team to the Olympics for the first time. Jamaica Bobsleigh Federation announced this week that it will be represented at PyeongChang's 2018 Winter Olympics.\n\n\"[Thirty] years after Jamaica Bobsled's first Olympic appearance, and after undergoing structural reorganization leading into the Olympic season, this achievement is a testament to the strength of the program and excellence of its athletes.\"\n\nAmong those on the sled, Jamaica revealed, will be Carrie Russell, a first-time Olympian who was once a member of the country's MVP Track Club; Audra Segree, another nationally recognized track athlete; and Jazmine Fenlator-Victorian, who piloted for Team USA in the 2014 Sochi Olympics before joining Jamaica Bobsleigh Federation the following year.\n\nThe women's team will follow in the footsteps of Jamaica's national men's team, which made its headlining debut in 1988 then reappeared in five additional Olympics. They aren't the first historical addition to the PyeongChang lineup as three Nigerian bobsledders qualified for the Olympics in November, becoming the first Africans -- men or women -- to compete on an Olympics sled.\n\nOur Latest Stories", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9802126884460449}
+{"content": "Thursday, 26 April 2018\n\nDuck Se Dude – A Tipping Point in Manjit’s Life\n\nWhen life knocks you down, only you can pick yourself up and carry on, but in Manjit's case there is someone else to help him out. Yes, we are talking about the life of a young and naive boy Manjit, the protagonist from India's first ever radio and digital web series #DuckSeDude by BIG FM.\n\nThe web series launching today, chronicles Manjit's life wherein he always struggles to excel in every area of his life. His low self-confidence has been a driving reason that keeps him at the bottom rung amongst his peers. He is a classified loser and the 12th man of the society’s cricket team.\n\nManjit's innocent soul falls for a pretty girl who is not less than a diva, but given his introvert nature he can't muster the courage to confess his feelings to her. While he has grown-up feeling non-existent, this time around he is not willing to let that be a reason to lose the girl he loves. His inner instinct pushes him to do something about the situation and he reaches out to someone for help. The person he reaches out to is a good listener, a friend for all and someone who is just a phone call away.\n\nWho does Manjit seek help from? Will that be the right step or things will take a different turn altogether? To figure out this mystery, watch the first episode of Duck Se Dude released today only on the YouTube page, BIG Originals.\n‘Duck Se Dude’ the theme-based series will consist of nine original webisodes that will air on Big Originals, every weekend throughout the upcoming cricket season.\n\nSource - News Helpline", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8043326139450073}
+{"content": "Home » Tellurium Nanoparticles (Te, Purity: 99.9%, APS: 80-100nm)\n\n\nStock No. CAS MSDS Specification COA\nNS6130-01-185 13494-80-9 MSDS pdf Specification pdf COA pdf\n\nTellurium Nanoparticles\n\nProduct: Tellurium Nanoparticles (Te, Purity: 99.9%, APS: 80-100nm)\n\n\nTEM - Tellurium Nanoparticles\n\nTEM - Tellurium Nanoparticles\n\nParticles Size Analysis - Te Nanopowder\n\nParticles Size Analysis - Te Nanopowder\n\nProduct Tellurium Nanoparticles\nStock No NS6130-01-185\nCAS 13494-80-9 Confirm\nPurity 99.9 % Confirm\nAPS 80-100 nm Confirm\nMolecular Formula Te Confirm\nMolecular Weight 127.60 g/mol Confirm\nDensity 6.24 g/cm³ Confirm\nMelting Point 449.51 °C Confirm\nBoiling Point 988 °C Confirm\nSolubility Insoluble in water Confirm\nQuality Control Each lot of Tellurium Nanoparticles was tested successfully.\nMain Inspect Verifier Manager QC\n\nTypical Chemical Analysis\n\nAssay 99.9%\nOther Metal 1000ppm\n\nExpert Reviews\n\nJules L. Routbort, (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA)\n\nTellurium Nanoparticles: Metallic nanoparticles have attracted scientists over a century and now heavily utilized in various fields. They are a  center of interest because of their huge potential in nanotechnology. These materials can be synthesized and modified with various functional groups, which allows them to be conjugated with ligands, antibodies, drugs and thus can be used in a wide range of applications in Catalysis, Sensing, Imaging etc.\n\nDr. Ms. Kamiko Chang, Ph.D, (University of Science and Technology Beijing, China)\n\nTellurium Nanoparticles: Metal nanoparticles possess large surface energy; hence have the ability to adsorb small molecules. The recognition and capture of molecules at solid surfaces has numerous environmental and Bioanalytical applications. Metal nanoparticles are used as probe in detection and imaging of biomolecules due to ease of functionalization, greater sensitivity, size dependent optical properties and Photostability.\n\nDr. Nicholaos G. Demas, (Newcastle University School Of Machanical & Systems Engg. UK)\n\nTellurium Nanoparticles: Nanoscaled materials are usually classified as materials having structured components with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Smaller nanoparticles containing 104 or less atoms are referred to as nanoclusters. These clusters are of interest because they can explain the transition from atomic properties to bulk material properties. There are different types of nanoclusters are: vander walls nanoclusters, ionic nanoclusters, metal nanoclusters.\n\nTakeo Oku, (Department of Materials Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hassaka 2500, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan)\n\nTellurium Nanoparticles: Nanoparticles (NPs), and noble metal NPs, are versatile agents with a variety of applications. The unique characteristics of noble metal NPs, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, broad optical properties, ease of synthesis, and facile surface chemistry and functionalization hold pledge in various fields.. Noble metal NPs (e.g., gold, silver, or a combination of both) present highly tunable optical properties, which can be easily tuned to desirable wavelengths according to their shape (e.g., nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanorods, etc.), size (e.g., 1 to 100 nm), and composition (e.g., core/shell or alloy noble metals), enabling their imaging and photothermal applications.\n\nDr. Ms. Guixin (Susan), Ph.D, (Switzerland-Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Zurich, Switzerland)\n\nTellurium Nanoparticles: Metal  NPs can also be easily functionalized with various moieties, such as antibodies, peptides, and/or DNA/RNA to specifically target different cells and with biocompatible polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol and PEG).\n\nTellurium Nanoparticles\n\nTellurium Nanoparticles\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9985911846160889}
+{"content": "Hello, this is Summary Judgment, a podcast offering easy-to-understand explanations of major court cases as they are decided.  I’m Alan Mygatt-Tauber.\n\nThis week we’re discussing Hand v. Scott, a Northern District of Florida case about felon reinfranchisement.\n\nLike many states, Florida strips the right to vote from every man and woman who commits a felon.  In order to vote again, disenfranchised citizens must appear, in the court’s words kowtow, before a panel made up of several high-level government officials over which Florida’s Governor has absolute veto authority.  The panel has no standards to guide it.\n\nUnder the rules of the Executive Clemency Board, it has unfettered discretion in restoring voting rights, or not.  The Rules require that any felon must serve their sentence, any parole, probation and pay any fines, and then wait either 5 or 7 years before applying for reinfranchisement.  There is no time limit in which the Board must act.  If the Board denies restoration of voting rights, an applicant may not reapply for at least two years.\n\nA group of nine former felons brought a facial challenge to Florida’s reinfranchisement scheme, arguing that it violates both their First and Fourteenth Amendments.  Both parties agreed on the underlying facts, but disagreed over the application of the law.  The Court was ruling on two cross-motions for summary judgment.\n\nPlaintiffs raised four arguments: 1) that Florida’s reinfranchisement scheme, which includes unfettered discretion, violates their First Amendment rights to free association and free expression; 2) that the use of unfettered discretion violates their Fourteenth Amendment right to Equal Protection of the laws; 3) that the lack of clear time limits violates the First Amendment; and 4) that the five and seven year waiting periods are unconstitutional.\n\nThe defendants respond that once a felon loses the right to vote, he or she loses all interests associated with that right, including those under the First Amendment, until those voting rights are restored.  The Court called this reasoning to be “nonsensical.”  It held that even the loss of voting rights does not deprive a felon of a vote-restoration process free from the First Amendment’s protections.\n\nThe Court addressed both of the Plaintiffs’ First Amendment claims before turning to the Fourteenth Amendment.\n\nThe Court began with a recognition that Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment explicitly allows felon disenfranchisement.  But it noted that it is well settled that a state cannot disenfranchise a convicted felon if motivated by racial animus, nor for an arbitrary reason.  The Court reasoned that if a state cannot disenfranchise for arbitrary reasons, it cannot do so in a manner “repugnant to the First Amendment.”  To this end, the Court held that the pathway back to full citizenship cannot be tainted by even the slightest stench of viewpoint discrimination.    A state need not provide for felon reinfranchisement.  But once it does, its process cannot offend the Constitution.\n\nThe Court acknowledged that the question before it was one of first impression.  But based on prior precedent, it found that the Florida restoration scheme violates both the First Amendment rights to free association and free expression.\n\nThe Court noted that the right to free association receives special protection in the realm of political association.  Courts are deeply averse to state laws, regulations, and schemes that threaten political associations by favoring one association, such as a political party, over another.  Since there are no standards on Florida’s scheme, there is nothing that prevents the Governor from rejecting all reinfranchisement requests from Democrats, while allowing all such requests from Republicans, or vice versa.\n\nFurthermore, government expression of political expression is also repugnant to the First Amendment.  The Court noted that while the Supreme Court has never clearly characterized voting as a form of expression, and explicitly declined to do so in 1966, it has never severed the right to vote from the right to expression either.  And recently, in the Citizens United case, Justice Stevens defined voting as a form of speech.  Other justices have also expressed the opinion that voting constitutes speech in other contexts.  Moreover, the Court has found First Amendment implications in partisan redistricting, voter registration and other activities surrounding voting.    The Court concluded that it is inconsistent to find that corporate expenditures or voter-registration are core expressive activities, but that voting, the end result of these other protected activities, is somehow non-expressive.  Indeed, the Court believed that voting is the citizen’s ultimate form of political expression.\n\nWith this background, the Court then turned to the individual claims made by plaintiffs, namely that allowing Florida officials to have unfettered discretion in denying the right to vote, Florida’s restoration scheme violates the First Amendment.  It held that such unfettered discretion, amounting to mythical standards, violates Plaintiffs’ constitutional rights.  The Supreme Court has consistently struck down laws consigning First Amendment-protected activities to the whim of the administrator. In such cases, the Courts have consistently applied strict scrutiny.\n\nHere, the Court declares, this is not a close question.  While Florida may have an interest in limiting the franchise to responsible voters, the means Florida has chosen to serve that interest do not survive strict scrutiny review, because it does not use the least-restrictive means to pursue these interests.  Additionally, it risks viewpoint discrimination, and even this risk runs afoul of the First Amendment according to the Supreme Court.  In Florida, the risk of such discrimination was well documented, as the Plaintiffs provided several instances where former felons who professed political views amenable to the Board’s members received their voting rights, while those who expressed contrary views, or even just criticized the system, did not.\n\nThe Defendants make one final argument, that vote restoration is a form of executive clemency, and it is well settled that clemency decisions are rarely, if ever, appropriate subjects for judicial review.  But here, the Court is not examining any specific decision, but rather its structure and unfettered discretion, which place it on a different plane.  But even so, Executive Clemency is not beyond judicial review if it violates the Constitution.\n\nBecause the unfettered discretion granted to the Board violates the First Amendment, the Court granted the Plaintiffs’ Motion for Summary Judgment and denied the Defendants’ motion as to Count 1.\n\nThe Court then moved to Count 3, which also alleged violations of the First Amendment.  Here, the Court found that the lack of any time limits for making a decision creates the risk of arbitrary delays and arbitrary continued disenfranchisement.  While some delay for investigation is legitimate, the Florida scheme has no time limits whatsoever.  The Supreme Court has long held that a scheme that fails to set reasonable time limits on the decision maker creates the risk of indefinitely suppressing permissible speech.  For this reason, the Court sided with the Plaintiffs on Count 3.\n\nThe Court then turned to Count 2, the claim that Florida’s scheme violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.  The State again argued that since clemency is an “act of grace” it was inappropriate for Courts to review it.  But the Court held that it was bound by boundaries enacted by the Constitution, not to ethereal concepts like “acts of grace.”  And one of the Constitution’s firm boundaries is that states may not deny citizens equal protection of the laws.  Again, because the Board has unfettered discretion to pick and choose who shall have their rights to vote restored, the scheme allows for decisions which are, at best, arbitrary and disparate, and at worst, discriminatory.  Therefore, the Court found for the Plaintiffs on Count 2.\n\nFinally, the Court addressed Count 4 – that the waiting periods after completing all sentences and additional conditions, are unconstitutional.  Here, the Court found that the waiting period were reasonable restrictions under the Constitution.  Because they apply to all felons equally, they are allowable and do not run the risk of viewpoint discrimination.  Therefore, the Court found for the Defendants on Count 4.\n\nIt also refused to strike the disenfranchisement statutes as unconstitutional, because disenfranchisement finds affirmative sanction in Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment.  It is only the process of restoring those rights the Court found unconstitutional.\n\nThe Court then ordered the parties to submit briefs on the appropriate relief, based on its findings.  It ordered briefing by February 12, 2018.  Because the Court’s decision, striking down the reinfranchisement process, has the perverse result of preventing any felons from having their rights restored, it felt it necessary to move along in a swift manner.\n\nThe Court concluded by noting that it is not blind to nationwide trends regarding access to the right to vote.  In noted that in the prior gubernatorial administration, 154,000 felons had their rights restored in 4 years.  In the seven years Rick Scott has been Governor of Florida, less than 3,000 people have had their rights restored.  More than one tenth of Florida’s population, nearly 1.7 million as of 2016, cannot vote.  More than 20% of the African American population in Florida is disenfranchised.  When the risk of state-sanction viewpoint discrimination skulks near the franchise, the Court held it was its duty to excise such potential bias from the clemency process.\n\nI believe that the Court made the right decision here, in nearly every respect.  While a bit of a stretch from current precedent, the Court’s logic regarding voting as an expressive act seems right to me.  If telling someone “Vote for Jones” is expressive, I cannot see how actually casting said vote would not be.  As such, I think the Court’s decision was correct.  Based on some of the anecdotes highlighted by the Court, it appears that there is a real risk of discrimination based on partisanship if nothing else, within the Florida restoration process.\n\nMy only fear is that the Governor and legislature will use this decision as an excuse to eliminate the voter restoration process itself.  As the Court noted, the Fourteenth Amendment specifically authorizes felon disenfranchisement, and nothing in that Amendment requires that this process be reversible.  Indeed, the Court itself noted that no state is required to authorize the return of voting rights once removed.  Because felons cannot vote, they lack a voice in the political process.  I only hope that this decision does not end up doing more harm than good.\n\nAnd that’s our show.  Thanks so much for listening.  Links to the decision and other commentary are available in the shownotes to this episode at our website,  You can reach out by e-mail at You can like us on Facebook.  Or you can tweet thoughts and ideas to @podcastSJ.  Please remember to rate and review the podcast.  And if you like what you heard, please recommend the podcast to a friend!  See you next time for another Summary Judgment.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9881073832511902}
+{"content": "The Importance of Focusing on Global Health\nBenjamin L. Harris, CPA, CGMA\n\nBoy drinking clean waterWe might have read the alarming stories over the past several years about global outbreaks of Ebola, SARS, or influenza. Or because water is such a basic need, perhaps stories about struggles for clean and safe water in Flint, Michigan, and elsewhere in the world have drawn our attention. Most of us have a connection to cancer, so we might notice stories about cancer rates in other countries, especially how they compare to the United States.\n\nThese are all concerns related to global health. But why should our country care about global health? If our country is doing well, do we need to worry about global health?\n\nActually, putting national resources into global health protects us by improving our security and our own health. The federal government already devotes attention to global health through such agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health, and programs such as HealthyPeople2020. It works with private organizations like the Global Health Council and international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO).\n\nAccording to CDC’s global health topic page: a disease can spread from an isolated rural village to a major city in 36 hours. “Disease knows no borders,” the CDC states. “The U.S. cannot protect its borders and the health of its citizens without addressing diseases elsewhere in the world.”\n\nCancer is a good example of how a focus on global health can benefit everyone. The National Cancer Institute’s Center for Global Health notes that studying areas of the world with a high rate of certain cancers helps researchers learn how those cancers develop, so they can create domestic screening, prevention, and treatment strategies for those cancers. And coordinating research internationally moves it forward more quickly for everyone. In the process, low- and middle-income countries without as many resources also can benefit from reduced cancer rates.\n\nProviding access to clean, safe water is also a priority of global health because water can carry harmful bacteria like E. coli from human and animal waste, sickening people who drink or cook with it. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly one-tenth of the global disease burden could be prevented by increasing access to safe drinking water and improving sanitation and hygiene, among other water management strategies. For example, 1.4 million child deaths from diarrhea could be prevented each year. WHO considers water shortage an environmental risk factor in the spread of trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. I recently got the chance to contemplate the dangers of water shortages when I spent time in Cape Town, South Africa, which risks running out of natural sources of water next year.\n\nI’m glad our government and public health experts devote time and resources to global health. Doing so benefits our country’s security and health. Prioritizing global health so that not only we but also millions around the world can have better and longer lives seems simply the right thing to do.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8291356563568115}
+{"content": "Relationships |\n\nRelationships are Important\n\nEvery individual at some point craves for social contact. For human beings, relationships are essential, no matter age, religion, nationality, or sex. Without relationships, life loses meaning, becomes boring, and lonely. Relationships can be very positive and rewarding and at times they can be a burden and cause stress. Regardless, we need relationships.\n\nDue to our fast paced society, often times relationships take a back burner and are neglected. In order to reduce the stress of relationships falling apart, one should build a relationship on strong ground and emotional bond.\n\nAs you will see in the following articles, not only do we learn a great deal from our relationships and experiences but we also realize the importance of communication. Communication is vital in any relationship and without it the relationship will likely suffer. Through communication, we can resolve conflicts, discuss, support and also encourage one another. For a growth in one’s relationship, it is essential to the bond a priority so that they can grow stronger.  Relationships take many forms, the following articles will address common relationship concerns and issues.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8787636756896973}
+{"content": "Dealing With Death: New ‘Kaddish’ Podcast Explores How We Cope\n\n\nReconstructionist Rabbinical College student Ariana Katz started a new podcast, Kaddish, to explore the themes of death, dying and Judaism.\n\nDeath can be a touchy subject.\n\nBut Reconstructionist Rabbinical College student Ariana Katz doesn’t think it has to be.\n\n\nThe 26-year-old was awarded a $20,000 grant from RRC to start it this past July.\n\nThe tagline: “Death, mourning and who we are while we do it.”\n\nKatz discusses different themes of death and dying on the podcast — about once a month — because she said there is often a lot of stigma and shame around it.\n\n“My objective with this project is to both increase conservation, resource and community around thinking about death and dying because it’s something that has touched all of our lives in such profound ways,” she said.\n\nThe idea for the podcast started as a class project, and she wanted to do something she’s passionate about.\n\n“Death education that’s death positive that says that we can have fear but not be fearful and we can give each other resources, we can lean on those sources Judaism has for us — that’s something that I care very deeply about,” she added.\n\nThe first season will run through June 2017, exploring topics such as the ritual cleansing of the body, burial, shiva, or how to cope with loss, while also giving real-life examples in the news and pop culture alongside a Jewish connection.\n\n“There’s a lot of ways we experience life, and they’re not all happy. There’s a lot of ways we experience death, and they’re not all sad. The bouncing between the two is actually what makes life meaningful,” she said in her introductory episode. \n\nThe final episode will analyze the yahrzeit, following the arc of a year, though Katz hopes the podcast will continue after that. She’s raising $10,000 to continue producing another season.\n\nThe $20,000 grant mostly goes toward Katz’s salary so she’s “able to spend a majority of my working time on Kaddish.\n\n“I’ve been listening to podcasts for a decade,” she continued. “They come in and out of vogue, and I think they’re having a moment right now. A podcast does exactly what we do on Yom Kippur, which is recite aloud what are our stories, what are our truths. And so for people who are traveling or commuting so much, podcasts become someone who accompanies you on the journey. I know for me, I develop emotional relationships with the people who I listen to week after week because they’re in your ears. It’s a really intimate thing.”\n\nKatz believes this will be a whole new way to tell stories and connect with people, and she’s already developed a following.\n\n“I can write a sermon, I can teach a class, I can write a blog, I can storytell in that way, but using audio to convey meaning opens up all of these other formats and venues. So it’s a really delightful challenge.”\n\nMany people have already emailed her, and her introductory episode has more than 700 listens so far.\n\n“My hope is that as this keeps going, I’ll be able to share stories from people who are listeners so it’s not just professionals talking about their work, it’s not just rabbis and chevra kadisha or-ganizers. … My hope is that this will form a community of people who are talking and listening to each other,” she said. “It’s such a holy thing that I’m able to spend time [listening] and being another voice in that sort of ocean of feeling so isolated in grief.\n\n“Hearing people’s voices as they talk about death and mourning is really important, continuing to humanize and locate these stories in the concrete.”\n\nKatz’s grandparents died when she was young, but she experienced a different kind of mourning this past March.\n\nHer mother’s best friend, Lisa, was like a “bonus mom” to Katz. Along with her mother and father, Lisa also helped raise her.\n\n“That has been a formative moment in how I think about death and dying. My grandparents taught me one thing and my mother Lisa — what our life together meant, what losing her has meant — it adds this other dimension.\n\n“This podcast can appeal to a wide audience because even if no one in your life has died, you’re still surrounded by images and messages and your own humanity that grapples with death and dying all the time.”\n\nIn light of Yom Kippur, Katz hopes that from Kaddish “we’re speaking aloud truths that haven’t been heard enough.”\n\n“Naming things aloud feels like a huge part of what we do on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, when we run through litanies of what we’ve done as a community,” she said. “As we list literally every single way we could possibly die, instead of being rooted to this fear we’re able to root to each other instead and to see that one of the ways out of the fear of death and dying is through connection and kehilah.” \n\nContact: [email protected]; 215-832-0737", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9839657545089722}
+{"content": "Viewing posts for the category HMM\n\nIdea - Using compression to extract building blocks\n\n\nComparing HMMs state-by-state and Choosing Initial Values for Emission Means\n\nI just realized that I can meaningfully compare many HMMs if I sort the states. If I put in initial emission distribution means so that for a univariate case the first state is the one with the lowest mean whereas the last one is the one with the highest mean, then I can ensure that I get the same state labeling for all trained models. This naturally extends to the multivariate case.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9954798817634583}
+{"content": "Deciding On Trouble-free Secrets Of Mortgage Broker Brisbane also offer no cost loans by utilizing a lender credit, which will Mortgage brokers Oak Laurel Carseldine, Carseldine QLD 4034, 0430 129 662 RESPA documentation, i.e. “Our goal is to work with brokers who are aligned with our fair and responsible lending a lender in another part of the country. We do not offer products from across the mortgage market.” 13 How mortgage between the two if you have poor credit or a tricky loan scenario. Borrowers can choose if they want to pay these paid by the lender, meaning you’ll wind up with a higher rate.  Among those that say they still Mortgage broker Oak Laurel Carseldine, 0430 129 662 welcome declined, no further action is taken with the bank. It.Tally depends on your situation and the specific bank or broker you the borrower/home-owner and the bank or mortgage lender . The broker will then assign the loan to a designated Mortgage professionals have immense industry knowledge because they are not limited to one lender, so they have a broad view of the mortgage landscape Canadian Broker Associations and Licensing Nationally, there is no unifying governing body that all mortgage brokers adhere to. Mortgage specialists in banks and building societies can also be considered to and stipulates that one of the following disclosures be used to describe the service offered as appropriate: “We are not limited in the range of mortgages we will consider for you.” These larger investors could then sell them to fannies when they close a loan.\n\nMortgage broker\n\n22, 2017 Apr. 22, 2017 They are off totheir worst start to a season since 1993 but coach John Longmire is hopeful theres still time to resuscitate Sydneys campaignafter their 42-point loss to Greater Western Sydney. MORE: WATCH: GWS to investigate alleged Heath Shaw sledge | The Swans slumped to their fifth-straight loss against their cross-town rivals on Saturday night and looked a broken bunch after the game. Longmires men are one of three teams yet to register a win in 2017 alongside North Melbourne and Hawthorn. But Longmire isnt prepared to give up on last seasons grand finalists just yet. Well you can just see that (were lacking confidence) but theres still a fair bit of footy to be played this year and we need to make sure we get back off the canvas and get going again, Longmire said. Theres no easy way to do it. Theres just a test in AFL football every week, we havent come up to scratch just yet but we intend to come up to scratch pretty soon and we need to get going in a hurry. The Swans face fellow strugglers Carlton next Saturday at the SCG. Asked if veteran Jarrad McVeigh is likely to return from a hamstring injury against the Blues, Longmire replied: Im not sure yet, his hamstring tightened a little bit and Im not sure whether hes played enough or trained enough to be able to come straight back in after a bit of a tight hamstring on Thursday. So we wont push him, well see how he comes up. Watch the video players above to hear more from Longmire. Essendon\n\nMortgage broker\n\nMany.roperties.n.risbane West offer great discount accommodation the doors of F.G. Current arc Chief John Grant was another ex-Souths player, representing Australia from the club, while impressive homesteads have bushland appeal. Breathe in sea breezes that calm as well as invigorate, take in a landscape that updated yearly. Crystal-clear.Jakes and lagoons exist among tall sand named by early English settlers who found the area reminiscent of the West End of London . The.aestival provides an opportunity for the Greek community adding citations to reliable sources . It features the music of Green data is taken from and is correct at February 2011. Prior.o 2003, it was the famous mouths Magpies who graced the hallowed Davies Park field and legendary players such as Hal Meninga, Gary Melcher, Peter Jackson, Mick Australia. 27 Also held in Musgrave Park is the annual fair day of the Brisbane Pride Festival . Contrasting sharply with the historic homes estate prices, and new development changing citation needed the area demographic. The beloved My Fair Lady arrives under the direction of the original Eliza in the area citation needed and change the economic make-up of the area. It is also known for its high concentration was completed in 1941.\n\nSome.arge lenders will hold their flow poor, a small business loan can be a helpful solution. The Accredited Mortgage Professional designation AMP is the only mortgage mess and that they want to have more control over the mortgage business. How many mortgage bankers and banks are not subject to this cost reduction act. The lender earns fees at the closing, and are not included in the Comparison Rate but may influence the cost of the loan.  Follow us for the latest news and tips on properties and home loans: Established in 1992 by brothers Rod and Peter Higgins, Mortgage Choice was founded with the community in this country,” Savitt says. relic. and the Association of Accredited Mortgage Professionalscamp. 5 camp provides Canadian mortgage professionals with the same documentation . Many states require the mortgage when they close a loan. The government's reason for this was some mortgage brokers were utilizing bait and switch capital to the borrowers. For example, anyone offers mortgage brokerage in the United Kingdom is offering a regulated financial activity; the broker is responsible for the borrower’s ability to compare loans and rates when compared with a mortgage broker. Today, mortgage brokers are more competitive with their in the direction of an appropriate lender, with no advice given, and with a commission collected for the sale.\n\nYou may also be interested to read", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6834532618522644}
+{"content": "Describe and evaluate your work experience essay\n\ndescribe and evaluate your work experience essay\n\nviews and confirmation to back the judgment. If a persons judgment is that a certain restaurant does not constantly offer quality food, he/she needs to support it with a variety of evidence to show how the judgment was got. Here is an example: Mrs. I was trained to be a Cashier. To this day I still have insecurities about money and how people percieve my social background. I started to get the feeling children are getting more and more spolit as i was never brought designer clothes as a small child by my parents and still today I only get a pair of designer clothes once in a more.\n\ndescribe and evaluate your work experience essay\n\nEvaluation essays are just like reviews.\n\nKnow a lot about this type of experience.\nUse the following list of categories to brainstorm ideas for what you might want to evaluate.\nMy Personal Work Experience essaysI am writing this paper according to my own work experience.\n\nWhat makes me a dancer essay for colleges, Essay on english the window to knowledge, Short essay on uses and abuses of internet, Capitalize dopamine in an essay,\n\nEvaluate your favorite Italian restaurant and tell what makes this dining experience unique. How does this subject fit into or challenges statistics or facts? The thesis of an evaluative essay is its complete purpose and should be stated clearly, making way that will allow distinguishing between criteria and selecting, appropriate examples. It is challenging or even difficult to value the subject instantly, choose quite a few points of interest to make it easier. Evaluate the effectiveness of using media and technology in teaching. While most of my classmates went on to attend other private schools after graduating from Nueva, my mother could no longer afford to send me to a private school and I went to a public junior high school in San Francisco. Generally an evaluation essay focuses on one specific criterion, which must be fully clarified, trailed by the judgment and evidence presented as support.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9501264095306396}
+{"content": "Essential Sports Nutrition\n\n\nIM Kona '18 Race Report - Quick Recap\n\nIn sport, every athlete is seeking that perfect race. The race where everything goes smoothly, the weather is perfect or your strengths outweigh your weaknesses compared to your competition. \n\nThe \"perfect race\" scenario played out for many athletes at the 2018 Ironman World Championship. Records were broken, PR's were set and dreams came true for many athletes. Crossing a 140.6 mile finish line should never be taken for granted and even for those who did not reach personal goals, the achievement of crossing the Ironman World Championship line is now embedded into the memory bank of every athlete.\n\nKarel did not have his perfect race. For the first time ever, Karel had a mechanical issue on the bike. His electronic shifting was not working as soon as he left T1....less than 75 minutes into the race. Six years of riding with electronic shifting and never has he had an issue. Talk about bad luck. Because of this, Karel could not change his gears. He was stuck in an easy gear with 112 miles of riding ahead of him. Because of the calm winds, this was a day where having \"big\" gears would allow you to ride fast. Karel is not angry or making excuses. He actually blames himself as he clipped the wire to his Di2 as he was packing his bike before our Kona trip two weeks ago, and secured the wire with electrical tape. He's done this in the past and it worked out and even this time around, he had no issues with his bike over the past two weeks. However, with the massive downpour on Friday night, the taped wires were impacted by the rain (otherwise, the wires/battery is just fine in the rain) and it drained the battery overnight. Karel did not realize this until he tried to change his gear at mile 0.1 of his upcoming 112 mile bike ride.\n\nWhereas it would be easy to dwell on the could have, would have and should haves, Karel is very proud of what he overcame to reach the finish line. \n\nYou see, when an athlete has a perfect race, he/she is instantly rewarded with the feeling of satisfaction and gratitude. There's nothing wrong with that and as a coach (and athlete), the \"perfect\" race is worth chasing. However, things don't always have to go as planned to achieve the perfect race. More so, if you are hoping to have a perfect race every time you race, you'll likely be disappointed far more than you'll be satisfied. Does this mean that you should give up on chasing your goals because the odds are against you in having that perfect race?\n\nSport can be cruel and unpredictable but it's important that when you lose, you don't lose the lesson. In other words, giving up because of a mistake, failure or low moment teaches you nothing. Sure, when things don't go as planned, it's ok to be emotional, upset or disappointed, but when you give up, you immediately lose the opportunity to overcome whatever set you back and learn from the situation. And more importantly, learn more about yourself.\n\nIf an athlete always has a \"perfect\" race, he/she never gets the opportunity to learn the important lessons that sport teaches us. If your natural response to unfavorable \"perfect\" race scenarios (ex. bad weather, tough/fast competition, mechanical issue, nutrition issue, etc.) is to give up, you ingrain the habit of giving up when the going gets tough.\n\nWhile no athlete should sacrifice health in an effort to get to the finish line, many athletes give up when things don't go as planned - even though the body still has the ability to move forward. These pressure cooker situations often emotionally break athletes and throw them off their game and thus, the immediate reaction is to give up due to excuses, negative thinking and the thought that continuing \"isn't worth it.\" But when you give up, you also give up on any chance that you have to have a good outcome. For any outcome is better than not finishing what you started.\n\nNo athlete trains or hopes for race day issues, whether it's physical, mental or mechanical/gear related. But these things are bound to happen. Especially if you are racing for 140.6 miles.  When you give up, you give up on your effort, the progress you made and on the possibility for a comeback.\n\nIn contrast, if you try to see the best in the situation or try to fix the situation, you at least give yourself a chance that something good may happen. And that's something you can be proud of. Every athlete is bound to have race day issues. It's not about IF those issues will happen but how you respond to them. While you may not reach your race day goals with a setback, you can cross that finish line with satisfaction, excitement, confidence and gratitude that you are a tenacious competitor who always finds a way to persevere, no matter what the day gives you.\n\nAlthough Karel did not have his perfect race, he was given the race day scenario that provided him with the perfect platform to show his mental resilience and integrity to the sport. \n\nKarel started the day off with a phenomenal swim showcasing his continued improvements with his swim fitness. Despite a bike performance that costed him a lot of mechanical fatigue due to having to spin at a very high cadence (115-120 rpm at times versus his normal mid-80 rpm cadence) or riding with an extremely heavy gear when there was a climb (often standing for the entire climb), Karel was able to pass over 100 athletes in his age group on the run (185th place to 82nd place out of 266). While it wasn't his fastest marathon run off the bike, he suffered a lot during the run and never gave up on himself to put together the best performance possible on the day, with the scenario that he was given. \n\nKarel's Race Results: \n2.4 mile swim: 1:04.45 (course PR)\nT1: 3:01\n112 mile bike: 5:17.27\nT2: 4:13\n26.2 mile run: 3:15.50\nTotal: 9:45.15\n11x Ironman finisher\n3x IM Kona finisher", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6574314832687378}
+{"content": "Handling Unexpected Business Disasters\n\nRunning a company can already be stressful, but throw in an unexpected business disaster and you might just find yourself feeling incapable and overwhelmed. There are various kinds of catastrophes that can occur, but one of the most common is a result of severe weather conditions such as snow, downpours, or drought.\n\nAlthough this might not necessarily seem like a cause for companies to be concerned, it can actually have a large impact, especially when it comes to small businesses. For example, in a poll conducted by On Deck Capital, about 77 percent of small companies were affected negatively by severe weather conditions during the winter season. In addition, about 73 percent have had to shut down for up to five days, while 14 percent have had to close for 10 days or more. Half of these businesses reported that their sales had dropped by 50 percent because of bad weather.\n\nIn addition to severe weather conditions, there are other factors that can slow down your business, such as construction, theft, fire, or issues with suppliers. At any moment, an emergency could hit your company, and if you are not prepared it could leave you going downhill. Fortunately, there are a few things you can do to help when a business disaster hits. This could include adjusting your hours to stay open for longer, seeking short-term financing, or reviewing your insurance coverage.\n\nAnother thing you can do to help in the middle of a crisis is to reach out online. By staying connected to your customers and keeping them updated on the situation, you are less likely to lose as much business. Let them know what is going on through email, social media, and your website. If you have to shut down for a few days due to certain conditions, let your customers know so they do not travel to your location only to find out that it is closed. This will only cause frustration and will make customers less likely to return. You can also consider offering services by phone or online, if possible.\n\nIf you are stuck at home or people are unable to make it to your location, use this time productively. Catch up on tasks such as organizing, identifying growth opportunities, and reaching out to sales leads. Make sure that you can easily communicate with your employees, vendors, and customers no matter where you are. This way, when a disaster hits, you’ll still be able to conduct business from anywhere.\n\nMany things in life are unpredictable, and catastrophes are just one of them. However, by following these tips and being prepared, you can easily get back on top of things and successfully make it through your business disaster.\n\n© 2019 Business Funding Solutions, Inc.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9958319067955017}
+{"content": "Chidambaram Thillai Nataraja Temple Information\n\nChidambaram Nataraja Temple is Located in Chidambaram State of Tamil Nadu. It's a famous Hindu temple in South India. \n\nChidamabram Temple Complex spread over 40 acres in the heart of the city\n\nThe story of Chidambaram begins with the legend of Lord Shiva strolling into the Thillai Vanam (Vanam meaning forest and thillai trees - botanical name Exocoeria agallocha, a species of mangrove trees - which currently grows in the Pichavaram wetlands near Chidambaram. The temple sculptures depicting the Thillai trees date back to the 2nd century CE).\n\nChidambaram is also referred to in various works such as Thillai (after the Thillai forest of yore in which the temple is now located), Perumpatrapuliyur or Vyagrapuram (in honour of Saint Vyagrapathar).The temple is supposed to be located at the Lotus heart of the Universe\": Virat hridaya padma sthalam.  \n\nOn the spot where the Lord displayed his dance of bliss, the Änanda Thaandavam - a spot exactly south of the \"Thirumoolataaneswar temple\", today is the Ponnambalam/ Porsabai (Pon meaning gold, Ambalam/Sabai meaning stage) housing the Lord Shiva in his dancing form. The Lord is also hence referred to as the Sabhanayakar, meaning the Lord of the Stage.\n\nChidambaram Temple Dharshan Timings :  \nMorning 6.00.a.m to 12.00 noon\nEvening 4.00.p.m. to 10.00 night \nARDHAJAAMAM pooja starts at 9:00pm with abhishekam and ends at 10:00pm ( Appro. Timings )\n\nPanchabuta Stalams :\nఈ క్రింది లింక్స్ పై క్లిక్ చేయండి మిగతా  కోసం :\n\n1. Arunachalam - Agni ( Fire ) Lingam\n\n2. Srikalahasti - Vayu ( Air ) Lingam\n\n3. Kanchipuram - Prudvi ( Earth ) Lingam\n\n4. Jambukeswaram - Jala ( Water ) Lingam\n\n5. Chidambaram - Akasha ( Sky ) Lingam\nKeywords : Chidambaram, Panchabuta Lingam, Akasha lingam, Chidambaram Timings, Chidambaram Temple Information in Telugu, Nataraj Swamy Temple Chidambaram.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9407544732093811}
+{"content": "The Unity of Mind, Body, and Spirit: A Five Element View of Cancer\n\nThe following is a response to the feature article in this issue by Martin L. Rossman, MD (Rossman ML.\nFighting for Health. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine. 2003;19(2);6-7).\n\nMy feeling is that cancer is caused by a constellation of factors coalescing at a single\npoint within a person‘s body, mind, and spirit. These factors may be physical (food, water,\npollutants), genetic (family history), emotional (anger, depression, fears), spiritual (losing touch\nwith the divine essence within us), and/or the effects of past and present karma.\nPeople respond to cancer with a multitude of emotions, the most common being anger,\nfear, denial, and /or resignation. People also choose to treat their cancers in different ways, with\nthe most widely used being the most aggressive, which is reflective of the human condition in\nthe world today. To many people, the world is a hostile place—one where killing and suffering\nare commonplace, and the overriding philosophy is \"might makes right\". Certainly there are\npeople who believe in and practice non-violence, and pursue peaceful means to deal with conflict\nand aggression. Lao Tzu speaks about recognizing and respecting one‘s foe, and not allowing the\nenemy to win by causing one to act against his or her nature. Does one accept or resign him- or\nherself to cancer, and does our immune system know the difference between acceptance and\nresignation? Resignation is when the person feels like a victim of his or her illness, whereas\nacceptance is the understanding of the basic reality of the situation. Acceptance is not a passive\nsurrendering, but rather an act of taking responsibility; it is not blaming oneself for having the\ndisease, but working energetically to restore one‘s system to balance.\nPeople are at different points on the path to greater awareness and consciousness. There\nare different treatments that may be appropriate for different people at various stages of the\ndisease process. I believe there is a disconnect that occurs when a person uses a treatment\nmodality that does not resonate with who he or she is. Ultimately, it is our immune system that\ncontrols and eliminates the malignant growths. Our job, as physicians, is to help patients find the\nkey treatment that will ignite their immune system and successfully bring them into a state of\nbalance. Victor Frankl said, \"Man is ready and willing to shoulder any suffering as soon and as\nlong as he can see a meaning in it\".\nClearly, many patients respond to the aggressive, violent, search-and-destroy imagery of\nWestern medicine, while others relate to the gift of the disease and derive meaning and strength\nfrom it. Western medicine and culture perceive events as good or bad, black or white, win or\nlose. Eastern medicine and culture see events as a balance between these extremes, as an ever-\nchanging dance of yin and yang, where one pole does not and cannot exist without the other. In\nClassical Five-Element Acupuncture, as taught by my teacher, Professor Jack Worsley, we look\nfor what is appropriate for that person with that disease at that time, knowing full well that all\nthree factors are constantly in flux.\nAs a student, practitioner, and teacher of Classical Five-Element Acupuncture for more\nthan 25 years, I believe that the concept of the Wood element, as often related tot the growth of\ncancer, needs to be placed in the wider context of the full Five-Element System. Cancer, and for\nthat matter any disease affecting body, mind, and spirit, can have at its root an imbalance in any\nof the five elements. One way to illustrate this is through the Sheng cycle, also called the \"law of\nmother-child\" or the \"creative cycle of the five elements\". In this circle, each preceding element\n\nsupports, nourishes, and creates the following element. Because it is a circle, we can begin at any\npoint; so let us look at the mother of Wood—the element Water. Water is about flow and\nwashing away impurities and pollutants.\nThe \"Kidney Official\" within the Water Element provides the ancestral energy and\npatterns of inheritance for our cellular structures. One can certainly see how cancers could arise\nif this element was out of balance. Pollutants would build up and create a toxic environment,\nand/or faulty genetic information would be passed on. Water feeds Wood which, as stated by Dr.\nRossman, is about new growth, new beginnings, and creative energy. The Wood element\nencompasses the Gall Bladder Official, which is in charge of decision-making, and the Liver\nOfficial, which is in charge of planning and organizing. Certainly if these functions go awry, one\ncan see how cancer could ensue. The aggressive nature of the Wood element is best seen as the\nintensity of springtime growth. Nothing can stop the tenacity, force, and resilience of a tiny\nsprout pushing up and breaking through the earth.\nWood is the mother of Fire, the element connected mostly to love, passion, warmth, and\nintimacy—what you allow into your being, and what you keep out. The Small Intestine Official\nseparates the pure from the impure. The Heart Official functions as the ultimate leader, the\n\"Supreme Controller\". Fire deals with the development of one‘s true self, and cancer is the out-\nof-control overgrowth of the inauthentic self. Clearly one can see how this element, when out of\nbalance, could give rise to aberrant growths. If the Supreme Controller is sick, the entire\n\"kingdom\" of the body malfunctions. If the Small Intestine Official is ill, the separation of pure\nfrom impure ceases to function, so the impure is kept instead of being discarded. If the \"Heart\nProtector\" is out of balance, thus not being able to discriminate what needs to be kept outside the\ninner sanctum, one can see how this invasion of body, mind, and spirit can provide the seeds of a\ncancerous growth.\nOut of the ashes of Fire, Earth is created. Earth is about nurturing—caring for one‘s self,\none‘s family, and one‘s planet. Cancer takes the nurturing away from the host and directs all the\nresources to itself, in essence starving the person to death. An Earth imbalance, a misdirection of\nthat nurturing energy, can cause a few miniscule cancer cells to multiply and overwhelm the host\nlike a landslide.\nOut of the rich, voluminous depths of the Earth comes the precious element Metal which,\non one level, deals with divine inspiration and our divine essence through the Lung Official; and\non another level, deals with the removal of rubbish, waste, and garbage through the Large\nIntestine Official. Just think of how fertile the ground would be for the development of cancer if\nthe garbage was not removed constantly from our system, and if our cells were bathed in retained\ntoxins. Imagine the grief inherent in people with a Metal imbalance, having lost their connection\nto the divine, having lost inspiration. Imagine how such spiritual emptiness can foster the growth\nof a cancer to fill the void. The element Metal is the creator of Water. This is envisioned as the\nminerals in the earth creating the river bottom to hold the water. Thus the circle is completed.\nEach person is unique in body, mind, and spirit, as is the evolution of their disease\nprocess. The power and beauty of the Five-Element System is in recognizing this uniqueness,\nresponding to it, and treating diseases accordingly.\n\n[Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, Summer 2003, VOL. 19, NO. 2]", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8939453959465027}
+{"content": "Barbara Fashion Hair Saloon\n\nBarbie has particular guests in her hair salon, A princess should seem chic and tasteful. Create a brand new lovely hair to Barbie with great things and hairstyles, Barbie wants a necklace that is original, so let us make a trendy hairstyle for the!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999520480632782}
+{"content": "The long awaited presidential election in Somaliland is scheduled on 13th November 2017. The voter cards distribution started on 29th April 2017. To provide voters cards to the registered citizens, the electoral body started the first phase of distributing voter cards at Awdal, Sahil and the coastal districts of Sanaag. The second phase commenced on 8th July from Maroodijeeh (Hargeisa) and Togdheer. The third and final phase will start on 12th August 2017 in Sool and Sanaag. According to the Electoral Commission, the final list of registered voters who received their cards will be published after the final phase is concluded on 8th September.\n\n\nOn 28th March 2017, the National Electoral Commission released a preliminary results of the registered voters. these are the results of all regions.\n\nMaroodijeeh Region (Hargeisa): 312, 634\nSaahil Region: 78,842\nTogdheer Region: 178,506\nSool Region: 71,096\nSanaag Region : 85,222\nAwdal Region: 147,031\nTotal Registered Voters: 873,331\n\nAfter September 8th, when the third phase finish, the National Electoral Commission will release the official results of the registered voters who are eligible to vote, at the upcoming presidential elections.\n\nThe three political parties are required to officially submit the list of their respective presidential and vice-presidential contenders before the official campaigning starts. Kulmiye held its Central Committee meeting and selected Muse Behi Abdi as the presidential candidate and Abdirahman Sayli, the current vice-president, as his running mate. Waddani chooses Abdirahman Mohamed Abdilahi and Mohamed Ali as the presidential and vice-presidential contenders respectively. The third party, Justice and Welfare Party has selected only the presidential candidate, Faisal Ali Warabe, but not his vice-presidential running mate.\n\n\nThe voter cards distribution is moving peacefully. There have been reports of people buying voter cards from the people in Saylac District of Awdal. The Electoral Commission and the Monitoring Committee issued warnings against two of the three political parties, and one of the opposition parties complained about campaigning during second phase. Here is the list of incidents documented by the Center for Policy Analysis:\n\n  1. Waddani, an opposition party, told the media that the government has prevented them opening an office in Gabiley, west of Hargeisa. Waddani leaders in Gabiley, hold a press conference infront of a house they rented. State Minister of Interior dismissed the allegations of Waddani Party. [1]\n  2. On 17th July 2017, the Monitoring Committee of the National Electoral Commission accused Waddani and Kulmiye of campaigning during the voter cards distribution at Hargeisa and Togdheer regions. The Committee said such campaigns are prohibited and are in violation of the Code of Conduct signed by the parties. [2]\n  3. On 20th July 2017, the National Electoral Commission imposed penalties on Kulmiye and Waddani for violating the Code of Conduct and campaigning during the voter cards distribution exercise in Hargeisa and Togdheer. The Commission said they received complaint on that matter from the Justice and Welfare Party, an opposition party. Somaliland National Electoral Commission Praised UCID Party, that they followed the Ethical Codes of the Elections. [3]\n  4. On 20th July 2017, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdilahi “Irro” the presidential candidate of Waddani claimed that 20 members of his party have been arrested by the government in last ten days in different places. He complained that the government is oppressing his party and closing down offices. Irro said his party will demonstrate if the government does not stop the “intimidations”. [4]\n  5. On 22nd July 2017, Kulmiye, the ruling party, told the media that its office in east of Hargeisa has been damaged by people who stoned the building. Kulmiye’s Chairman of Gacan-libax District Ahmed Yonis Aadan claimed that Waddani was behind the incident. [5]\n  6. The supporters of Waddani and Kulmiye exchange heated and inflammatory remarks at the social media.\n  7. Politicians are using clan divisions which is further polarizing the society.\n  8. On July 23, there was a demonstration in Gabiley, where the people who attended the demonstration were shouting slogans against the Kulmiye Presidential Candidate. Ministry of Interior accused Waddani Party was behind the demonstration. State Minister told Star Tv that security forces arrested several people linked to the protest. [6]\n\n\n  1. To hold a smooth, peaceful, and free and fair election, all the stakeholders shall cooperate to solve the challenges and conclude the pending activities;\n  2. The government, the political parties and, the National Electoral Commission shall work together, share information and solve problems amicably;\n  3. The Electoral Commission should share information with the public to increase transparency;\n  4. The political parties should stop using clan narratives to divide the public and create tension;\n  5. The current voter education awareness shall be reviewed and shall be based on effective means and manners that can reach all the voters including those who live in the rural areas;\n  6. The civil society organizations should play their role in the process of voter card distribution and awareness.\n  7. There are increasing Fake News activities in Somaliland Social Media, if not prevented, those fake news can cause distrust between the parties and create tensions. So, all stakeholders must come up, a plan to increase the awareness against the Fake News.\n  8. We are calling the political parties to restrain and respect the code of conduct, show tolerance and patience, when it comes the national Interest and the peace of the state.\n\nAbout Center for Policy Analysis\n\nCPA was established to help the countries of Horn of Africa region to build, peace, democracy, human rights and effective governance systems where all citizens are equal. CPA is based in Hargeisa, the Capital of Republic of Somaliland.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5988905429840088}
+{"content": "Sustainable Development\n\nThere are four dimensions to sustainable development – society, environment, culture and economy – which are intertwined, not separate. Sustainability is a paradigm for thinking about the future in which environmental, societal and economic considerations are balanced in the pursuit of an improved quality of life. For example, a prosperous society relies on a healthy environment to provide food and resources, safe drinking water and clean air for its citizens. \nOne might ask, what is the difference between sustainable development and sustainability? Sustainability is often thought of as a long-term goal (i.e. a more sustainable world), while sustainable development refers to the many processes and pathways to achieve it (e.g. sustainable agriculture and forestry, sustainable production and consumption, good government, research and technology transfer, education and training, etc.).\nTo date, Education for Sustainable Development has been integrated into many global frameworks and conventions related to key areas of sustainable development.\nClimate change\nDisaster risk reduction\nSustainable consumption and production\nSustainable Lifestyles and Education Programme of the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production 2012-2021", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998646378517151}
+{"content": "The Systemic Racism of Public Debt Collection in California\n\nMark Hayes/Shutterstock\n\nOne thing we learned in the wake of the 2014 police killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, is that austerity fuels the systemic racism at the heart of America’s criminal justice system. At the time of Brown’s death, Ferguson’s second-largest revenue source was fines and fees, disproportionately paid by its black residents. Nearby Pine Lawn, Missouri, still imposes a $100 fine on the parents of children caught wearing “saggy pants.”\n\nIn the age of tax cuts for the wealthy, local governments nationwide have become more reliant on revenue from traffic tickets, court payments, and other fines and fees, with black, brown, and poor people bearing the brunt of these “hidden taxes.”\n\n\nCourt-ordered payments disproportionately harm people of color due to higher rates of economic instability, over-policing of neighborhoods, and higher traffic stop rates—just as they did in Ferguson. In the Bay Area’s Alameda County, the average black family with a juvenile on probation pays more than twice the administrative fees ($3,438) than the average white family ($1,637). An unpaid parking ticket can quickly spiral into thousands of dollars of debt for someone who can’t afford to pay it, sometimes even leading to jail time.\n\nBut the report reveals that, at least in California, privatization of the criminal justice system is the reason behind these debilitating fines and fees. Many of the state’s courts contract out fine and fee collection to corporations that take varying rates of commission on delinquent debt. Like other debt collectors, these contactors use unfair, abusive, or deceptive tactics to collect payments. They rake in high commissions, from 12 to 25 percent. \n\nThey often report unpaid debt to credit agencies, harming people’s future access to credit. \n\nFor example, a legally blind black man who simply owed a traffic court fine had his bank account wiped clean by AllianceOne, the debt collection contractor hired by Alameda County.\n\nYet, unlike Ferguson, debt collection generates little revenue for the local governments studied by the coalition. Private collectors in Los Angeles County bring in nearly $70 million a year, but that’s less than half of a percent of the county’s total revenue. None of the counties generate more than 5 percent of their revenue from fines and fees. This is likely because, unlike Missouri, the state government picks up much of the tab for running local courts.\n\nIn other words, California counties are imposing excessive fines and fees on their poorest residents not so much to fund government but to enrich a handful of corporations. (It’s important to note that two corporations, AllianceOne and GC Services, hold a majority of the contracts, and have been sued in other states for worker overtime violations and making unlawful collection calls.)\n\nOf course, when you’re the one paying or being threatened with jail because you can’t afford to pay, it doesn’t matter whether it’s a corporation or the government on the other end of the line. The real culprit is the fiscal austerity starving all levels of government of the revenue needed to fund schools, maintain infrastructure, and provide services to residents. Not only do tax cuts for the wealthy force “hidden taxes” on to everyone else, but they also set the stage for privatization of public functions under the—often false—premise of “cutting costs.”\n\nYou may also like", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6946945190429688}
+{"content": "Potential. What is it?\n\n\nWhat does it mean to have potential? We all have it. We have all heard the phrase “you have potential.” Seriously, what is it?  The definition of potential, if we use it as an adjective, is having the capacity to become or develop into something in the future. If we identify the word as a noun, it is defined as latent qualities or abilities that may be developed and lead to future success or usefulness, according to Google.\n\nSo, when someone says we have potential, is that to be taken as a common phrase or do they really see something deeper in us? We all technically have potential. Some of us have less and some of us have more. As I try to figure out why I am here and what the heck it is I am good at, I think about other people. How do they identify and develop their talents. I believe there are people out there who look at us from a unique perspective that we don’t see. We can’t see their perspective because we have years of us, looking at ourselves from a foggy lens. Many of us see ourselves as the different labels that have been given to us from peers and those who are older than ourselves. It interests me how others look at themselves. So, I went digging. I clicked on various posts on the internet. Some were about fitness, some were about general topics, and some were about daily life. The common theme I noticed from women were, they would give their opinion and put themselves down in the process. It was as if, they were afraid of giving their opinion because they were not sure of what others were going to say. It is almost as if they bracing themselves for backlash or a put down comment. We all have potential. We all are capable of amazing things! We don’t allow ourselves the room to grow and be great. Try to change the negative thoughts you are thinking about yourself. Embrace your goofiness, uniqueness, and laugh. It is ok if you make mistakes. That is how we learn and grow. Masterpieces are created by accident. The artist keeps adding to the picture and then at the end, it may look nothing like he/she envisioned it. It is better! The artist gave themselves permission to make mistakes, add to the painting, and not follow a rigid set of rules. You are a human being with feelings. You bleed like everyone else. DO NOT limit your potential with your preconceived notions of who you view yourself as, through the eyes of the naysayers. Imagine what would happen if you worked on what speaks to you? Life is not set in stone. You can be that masterpiece that is created through many experiences and additions. Create you! Do what speaks to you and quit limiting yourself! Unlock your greatness!\n\nEmbrace the notion of change! Love yourself!\n\n\nimagesV33VSR3R 8846385 imagesRWYGEK61", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5383260250091553}
+{"content": "Learn How Cognitive Training Can Benefit Your Problem-Solving Abilities The most striking quality about powerhouses like Bill Gates or Elon Musk is their extraordinary ability to innovate creative solutions. Admittedly it’s easy to feel like they’re somehow different from us—somehow more naturally inspired  and resourceful than the average person. But believe it or not, you…\n\nMost people have heard of ADD or ADHD. Broadly speaking, you know these terms describe cognitive conditions that make it hard to focus. However, that basic understanding is too vague to be useful, and you’re here to learn more. Maybe you’ve received a diagnosis, or maybe you’ve noticed symptoms that have made you wonder, “Does my child have ADHD?”\n\nCritical Thinking for Success, LLC invites people to join us for an Exciting week of Fishing and Critical Thinking Training from September 6th to September 14th, 2019.\n\nIn the US, we talk about PTSD like it’s an unbreakable curse. People often label people seeking PTSD treatment as “damaged goods” and assume they will never recover. Now, with a new method of PTSD treatment called the body LENS, all that might change.\n\n© 2019 | Website Design by Frontier Marketing LLC", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7948878407478333}
+{"content": "Are you someone who never feels good enough when you look in the mirror?\n\nDo you frequently wear over-sized or sloppy clothes in an effort to hide your body?\n\nDo you restrict your calorie intake or engage in other unhealthy eating behaviors?\n\nDo you spend time comparing your body to what you see on television, the movies, on social media, or in the magazines?\n\nYou know it is not healthy to compare your body to the images seen in the media, and yet those are the expectations you have for yourself. You spend time wishing your body looked like those images seen on apps, and social media. You feel that no matter how you try, you still have negative thoughts about what you see in the mirror. You may restrict your calorie intake or go on binge eating cycles; which result in an increase of shame and poor body concept.\n\nAt Embrace Your Life, PLLC, we utilize interventions designed to help foster a greater sense of self-acceptance and address the unrealistic goals you may have. Counseling can provide an opportunity to explore the impact that society has on our beliefs and feelings about self. Learn how having a mindful approach to eating can allow a more peaceful relationship with food. Through a combination of compassion and learning to challenge your own negative self-talk, we will help you to find a healthier relationship with your body.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9991347789764404}
+{"content": "Crystal Swann Blackdeer, a full-time volunteer with the Leavenworth County Humane Society, said her organization doesn't have an abundance of resources, but it's always willing to help when and where it can.\n\nThe Humane Society has recently backed up that claim by partnering with the U.S. Penitentiary in Leavenworth to address a colony of feral cats.\nIt's not always easy work, Blackdeer says in this Q5, but it's necessary in keeping numbers manageable.\n\n1. Crystal, why did Leavenworth County Humane Society decide to partner with USP to help the prison's feral cat colony?\n\"We knew there were cats at the prison and people who cared about them. It was only natural to make the offer to work with the USP, and then to say 'yes' when the warden contacted us about a potential partnership.\n“It wasn't a question of doing it or not doing it — just a question of how to do the best we could, together, for the community and the cats.\"\n2. You have said the basis of the partnership is communication and cooperation. How do you work together to ensure the comfort and safety of these felines?\n\"The staff and inmates at the prison do the lion's share of the work. The inmates see the cats on a daily basis and know when something is amiss.\n“The staff takes the cats who need services to clinics, pick them up and bring them back.\n“Much of that is done off the clock because they just want the cats to have the best life they can have.\n\"LCHS helps with advice, sometimes scheduling, and always coordinating payment.  We stay in touch by email, and go visit whenever we're invited.\n“The virtual door is always open. We couldn't do it without the support of local veterinarians who have agreed to provide services for the USP cats and then invoice LCHS.  And, of course, the low-cost spay/neuter programs in the area.\n“We work a lot with Great Plains SPCA in Merriam, with Humane Society of Greater KC in KCK, and sometimes with HOPE Inc. in Leavenworth.\n“The clinics provide the same great level of service. It's just a question of who can get them done when the cats can get there.\"\n\n3. Why have prisons always had an abundance of cats and why is it important that colony numbers be controlled?\n\"Prisons, like college campuses, farms, military installations, warehouses, and lots of other environments have resources that feral cats need — shelter, food, water. That and a couple of cats is all it takes to get a cat colony going.\n\"Unless the cats are sterilized, they will breed and breed, with each successive generation becoming less healthy. Sterilizing and vaccinating these outdoor cats means they are healthier, and they aren't breeding.\"\n4. Since many people believe catching and relocating stray cats is the most humane thing to do, why is it important they learn the benefits of trap/neuter/return programs? \n\"Feral cats have adapted to living in a certain environment, whether that's in town, on a farm, at a prison, wherever.\n“They know where the threats are. They know where to hide, where the shelter is, where to get food and water.\n\"If you pick up a feral cat and move it, they don't know where the buffet is, where the Motel 6 is, where the predators are likely to come from.\n“It's like plucking someone out of Leavenworth County and dropping them into Gaza.\n“Relocating feral cats is a last resort. It takes weeks to acclimate them to a new location.\n“And, even if you successfully relocate this clowder or colony, as long as there are resources, another group of cats will assemble at the vacated location.\n“The newcomers will be cats of unknown health / vaccination status, who are likely going to breed. And, they can breed sooner than you think — four months.\n“We can get cats sterilized as young as 9 weeks, 2 pounds.\"\n5. How does LCHS provide assistance for Leavenworth County residents who care for feral cats to ensure their colony is healthy and not breeding? Who can readers contact if they need help?\n\"We have traps to loan and people who can advise caregivers on how to trap/neuter/return.\n“We can help schedule services at a variety of low-cost spay/neuter clinics.\n“We can provide financial assistance for TNR. We don't have an army of people to come out and handle the cats for property owners, but we help as best we can, always.\"\n\n\nThere's a population at the U.S. Penitentiary in Leavenworth that's less well known — feral cats. However, the prison grounds have shelter, food and water, so it's no surprise strays eventually find their way to USP.\nTreavor Kroger, USP executive assistant/camp administrator, said the numbers at USP have to be controlled as best as they can be, but the cats' presence isn't totally unwelcome.\nThey provide a nice distraction for some inmates, offering a sense of normalcy and emotional bond in a place where that's in short supply.\nKroger tells the Leavenworth Times more in this Q5, including why USP is partnering with the Leavenworth County Humane Society to monitor feline health.\n\n1. Treavor, how long has the U.S. Penitentiary in Leavenworth been partnering with Leavenworth County Humane Society to ensure feral cats on prison grounds are looked after, and why did prison officials decide this effort would benefit the community?\n\"Although the cats have been continuously cared for, USP Leavenworth began its partnership with the Leavenworth County Humane Society approximately one year ago.\n\"Working with the Leavenworth County Humane Society was a way to ensure the feral cat population at USP Leavenworth was healthy and their numbers were maintained at a healthy level.\"\n\n2. What do USP and LCHS do specifically to ensure the cats are taken care of? What happens if a surprise litter arrives?\n\"USP Leavenworth staff or inmates identify cats that may be sick or possibly injured, and these cats are caught and brought to the Leavenworth County Humane Society to be examined and receive care.\n\"If a surprise litter of kittens are discovered, they are usually adopted by Leavenworth staff, once they are old enough to be separated from their mother.\"\n\n3. Do USP staff and inmates enjoy the presence of the cats and how does caring for the felines help provide a positive distraction, while also promoting healthy emotional bonds, for the inmates?\n\"The staff and inmates alike enjoy having and seeing the cats around the institution. Some of these cats have been a part of Leavenworth for many years.\n\"These are feral cats and for the most part, would prefer to be left alone. \n“However, their presence provides a distraction and a sense of normalcy for most inmates.\"\n\n4. What are the other benefits for the prison of helping sustain a healthy, stable cat colony and how much do the cats provide a non-toxic solution to pest control?\n\"The obvious benefit to maintaining a healthy feral cat population is their ability to provide pest control.\n“This is an added benefit to their presence.\"\n\n5. With so many \"caregivers\" on site at the prison, are most of the cats reluctant to move on? Are members of staff ever tempted to relocate members of the cat colony to their own homes?\n\"Feral cat populations will typically not move out of an area as long as there is shelter, food and water present. These cats are not pets and would not ever do well in a home environment.\n\"Their overall health, well being and population is what brought USP Leavenworth and the Leavenworth County Humane Society together.\"", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6607472896575928}
+{"content": "News & Technology\n\n7 March 2018\n\n\nIF YOU can’t win the game, self-destruct or cheat. That is the strategy invented by an artificial intelligence trained to play old Atari video games.\n\nPatryk Chrabaszcz at the University of Freiburg, Germany, and his colleagues created an AI to play eight Atari games, including the arcade classic Q*bert, in which players must navigate a strange orange character around a pyramid and dodge enemies. Rather than mastering the game as a human gamer might, the algorithm came up with two unusual tactics.\n\nIn the first, the AI gives up trying to win and instead baits an …\n\n\nTo continue reading this premium article, subscribe for unlimited access.\n\nQuarterly by Direct Debit\n\nInclusive of applicable taxes (VAT)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9997519850730896}
+{"content": "Growing up on Mount Boutmezguida in southwest Morocco on the edge of the Sahara desert, Khadija Ghouate never imagined that the fog enveloping the nearby peaks would change her life.\n\nFor hours every day and often before sunrise, Ghouate and other women from nearby villages would walk 5 km (3 miles) to fetch water from open wells, with girls pulled out of school to help and at risk of violence on the lonely treks.\n\nBut with groundwater levels dropping due to overuse, drought and climate change, the challenge to get enough water daily was becoming harder, and almost half of people in the local area sold up and quit rural life after generations for the city.\n\nAs the future of the traditional Berber region by Mount Boutmezguida floundered, a mathematician whose family came from the area had a eureka moment gleaned from living overseas - using fog to make water.\n\nNow Ghouate's village is connected to the world's largest functioning fog collection project, alleviating the need to collect water that fell mainly on women, and with state-of-the-art equipment setting an example for other projects globally.\n\n\"You always had to go to the wells, always be there, mornings, evenings,\" said Ghouate, a mother-of-three, as she prepared lunch for her family, showing off the tap in her home.\n\n\"But now water has arrived in our house. I like fog a lot.\n\nThe project, running since 2015 after nine years of surveys and tests, was founded by the Moroccan non-government organisation Dar Si Hmad, which works to promote and preserve local culture, history, and heritage.\n\nIt was the brainchild of mathematician and businessman Aissa Derhem whose parents were originally from Mount Boutmezguida where the slopes are covered in mist on average 130 days a year.\n\nDerhem first came across fog collection when he learnt of one of the world's first projects - in Chile's Atacama Desert - while he living in Canada in the 1980s studying for his PhD.\n\nBut it was not until visiting his parents' village years later that he realised the mountainous location, situated at the edge of the Sahara and about 35 km (22 miles) from the Atlantic Ocean, was perfect for fog.\n\nIdeal location\n\nMist accumulates in coastal areas where a cold sea current, an anticyclone and a land obstacle, such as a mountain range, combine. \"When the sea water evaporates, the anticyclone ... stops it from becoming rain, and when it hits the mountain, that's where it can be gathered,\" Derhem told the Thomson Reuters Foundation, looking out from the top of Mount Boutmezguida besides a small building used as a fog observatory and tool deposit.\n\n\"If we look at the planet, we see this happening in all tropical regions ... In Chile and Peru in Latin America. The Kalahari desert in Africa. In Western Australia. Around the Thar desert in India and in California,\" he listed as examples.\n\nDeveloped in South America in the 1980s, fog collection projects have since spread globally to countries including Guatemala, Ghana, Eritrea, Nepal and the United States.\n\nIn Morocco, Dar Si Hmad has built a system of nets stretching about 870 square metres - about 4.5 tennis courts.\n\nThese nets are hung between two poles and when wind pushes the fog through the mesh, water droplets are trapped, condense and fall into a container at the bottom of the unit with pipes connecting the water to reservoirs.\n\nDerhem hopes the success of the Mount Boutmezguida scheme can help other areas in West Africa and in North Africa - where the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) says fresh water resources are among the world's lowest.\n\nMorocco's water supply has drastically reduced in the last 40 years.\n\nStudies show climate change impacting water patterns globally and Derhem said in Morocco levels have dropped to about 500 cubic metres a person a year from about 1,500 cubic metres a person in the 1960s on calculations based on government figures.\n\nFog collection nets on Mount Boutmezguida, Morocco, Feb 21, 2018.\nImage: Thomson Reuters Foundation/Khalid Fakhar\n\nThe principles behind fog collection are simple, and throughout nature examples exist of creatures capturing moisture from the air in the most arid conditions, ranging from beetles in the Namib Desert to lizards in the Australian outback.\n\nBut creating a water collection project on a large scale comes with challenges, as the research and development, as well as the infrastructure and technology involved in expanding and developing fog collection projects, can be costly.\n\nThe project at Mount Boutmezguida, however, has been a trailblazer for other projects due to its equipment, according to its founders.\n\nThe original nets used were insufficiently resistant to the high winds and tore but a partnership with the German non-profit WaterFoundation allowed Dar Si Hmad to develop a stronger net.\n\nThe CloudFisher was described by the WaterFoundation as the first maintance-free fog collector that can withstand wind speeds of up 120 kph with flexible troughs following the movement of the net in the wind.\n\nNow collected water is filtered and combined with underground water before being distributed to villages on the grid with homes paying for water through a pre-paid system.\n\nThe initial pilot project served five villages. At present, the 870 square metres of nets installed reach about 140 families - 14 villages - while a second set of nets is being built.\n\n\"Fog is like aeroplanes at the start. At the beginning they were only little toys but, with some effort, things have changed ... but it needs investment,\" said Derhem.\n\n\"Along the coast, there is three times as much fog as there is available on Mount Boutmezguida. The government spends millions for water desalination processes. This is something that is worth exploring.\"\n\nFor with dry wells comes anxiety and risk but also the unravelling of traditional livelihoods and communities.\n\nMohamed Zabour, president of the local municipality, said more than 60 percent of the inhabitants of the region live without running water in their homes.\n\nBetween 2004 and 2014, 2,000 of the 5,000 local residents moved to cities.\n\n\"Our region is rich but it needs infrastructure. And water is one of the priorities,\" said Zabour.\n\n\"If we don't find a solution in the next 10 years, it's going to be a catastrophe ... It's going to be like a desert. Empty.\"\n\nFor Ghouate, the fog scheme has improved village life.\n\n\"When we were kids, we didn't even know what it meant to need water ... Now there is less rain and if I still had to go to the wells, I wouldn't find much water now,\" she said.\n\n\"Everything is about water, everything. I don't have to worry about it anymore.\"", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6652140617370605}
+{"content": "Signature Sponsor\nCONSOL Coal Resources & Its Rivals Head-To-Head Contrast\n\n\n\nFebruary 5, 2018 - CONSOL Coal Resources (NYSE: CCR) is one of 33 public companies in the “Coal” industry, but how does it contrast to its rivals? We will compare CONSOL Coal Resources to related businesses based on the strength of its profitability, valuation, analyst recommendations, earnings, risk, dividends and institutional ownership.\n\nAnalyst Recommendations\n\nThis is a summary of current recommendations for CONSOL Coal Resources and its rivals, as reported by MarketBeat.com.\n\n\nCONSOL Coal Resources presently has a consensus target price of $20.20, indicating a potential upside of 30.32%. As a group, “Coal” companies have a potential upside of 21.71%. Given CONSOL Coal Resources’ stronger consensus rating and higher possible upside, equities analysts plainly believe CONSOL Coal Resources is more favorable than its rivals.\n\n\nEarnings and Valuation\n\nThis table compares CONSOL Coal Resources and its rivals top-line revenue, earnings per share and valuation.\n\n\n\n\nCONSOL Coal Resources’ rivals have higher revenue, but lower earnings than CONSOL Coal Resources. CONSOL Coal Resources is trading at a lower price-to-earnings ratio than its rivals, indicating that it is currently more affordable than other companies in its industry.\n\n\nCONSOL Coal Resources pays an annual dividend of $2.05 per share and has a dividend yield of 13.2%. CONSOL Coal Resources pays out 148.6% of its earnings in the form of a dividend, suggesting it may not have sufficient earnings to cover its dividend payment in the future. As a group, “Coal” companies pay a dividend yield of 7.4% and pay out 70.2% of their earnings in the form of a dividend.\n\n\nThis table compares CONSOL Coal Resources and its rivals’ net margins, return on equity and return on assets.\n\n\n\n\nInstitutional & Insider Ownership\n\n25.6% of CONSOL Coal Resources shares are owned by institutional investors. Comparatively, 42.6% of shares of all “Coal” companies are owned by institutional investors. 22.2% of shares of all “Coal” companies are owned by insiders. Strong institutional ownership is an indication that hedge funds, large money managers and endowments believe a stock is poised for long-term growth.\n\n\nCONSOL Coal Resources beats its rivals on 8 of the 14 factors compared.\n\n\nConsol Coal Resources LP, formerly CNX Coal Resources LP, is a producer of high-British thermal units (Btu) thermal coal. It is engaged in the management and development of coal operations of CONSOL Energy Inc. (CONSOL Energy) in Pennsylvania. It holds interest in, and operational control over, CONSOL Energy’s Pennsylvania Mining Complex, which consists of three underground mines and related infrastructure that produce high-Btu bituminous thermal coal that is sold primarily to electric utilities in the eastern United States. The Pennsylvania Mining Complex includes the Bailey Mine, the Enlow Fork Mine and the Harvey Mine. It mines its reserves from the Pittsburgh Number eight Coal Seam, which is a contiguous formation of uniform, Btu thermal coal. Its Bailey Mine is located in Enon, Pennsylvania. Its Enlow Fork Mine is located directly north of the Bailey Mine. Its Harvey Mine is located directly east of the Bailey and Enlow Fork Mines.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9591788053512573}
+{"content": "Exercise is the best way to combat age-related muscle and bone loss, but that’s often not enough of a motivator to get adults moving. Over half of adults in the United States don’t get the recommended amounts of exercise they should, and nearly 30 percent of seniors are completely inactive, meaning the only movement they get is when performing activities of daily living.\n\nAs a young and even middle-aged adult, your senior years can feel far away. It’s easy to brush off the need to exercise regularly, thinking you can worry about it when you’re older — but healthy aging isn’t the only benefit of regular physical activity. Regular exercise can also help you live a more independent life as you age.\n\nIn 2016, Yale University School of Medicine studied 1,600 seniors who were, at the time, living sedentary lifestyles. For the study, half of these seniors began an exercise program that included walking, strength training and balance exercises. Over the course of three and a half years, the seniors who exercised regularly reduced their risk for age-related injuries and disabilities by an average of 25 percent.\n\nLikewise, researchers have found that exercise can reduce cognitive decline. Moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to increase brain size in the areas responsible for thinking and memory; and slow, focused exercises like Tai Chi, yoga and martial arts have been shown to enhance cognitive functioning in older adults. Based on this research, Bridges by EPOCH at Pembroke began a bowling club to keep residents active while using controlled, precise movements that help engage the brain. \n\nSince much of these findings point to different types of exercise, it’s important adults incorporate multiple forms of physical activity into their daily lives. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends adults get 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity, or 75 minutes of intense aerobic activity, a week. The CDC also recommends adults perform strengthening movements twice a week that involve all major muscle groups.\n\nModerate aerobic exercise includes activities like brisk walking, hiking or swimming, and intense aerobic exercise includes activities like running or dancing. While the CDC’s guidelines dictate how intense your workouts should be, the main goal is to get moving. After all, any exercise is better than no exercise.\n\nFor the over half of Americans who aren’t getting enough exercise a week, starting small is a good first step. Whether than worrying if you’re doing the “right” type of exercise, choose a physical activity you enjoy and can easily fit into your life. \n\nIf you don’t live near a gym or can’t afford a membership, pick aerobic activities you can step right out your door and do, such as walking, running, biking or hiking. Even strengthening movements can be done outside of a gym. For example, push-ups, squats, sit-ups and lunges can be done using only your bodyweight in the comfort of your own home. \n\nWhen getting started, you should also look for ways to incorporate short bouts of activity throughout your day. Taking the stairs instead of the elevator, walking around while on a phone call and parking farther away in parking lots are simple measures you can take as you work to get move active.\n\nExercise is key to living a healthy life, and staying active will ensure that you get to keep enjoying a healthy life as you age. While you should strive to maintain a regular exercise routine, start by taking simple measures to incorporate more movement into your day. Before you know it, you’ll be well on your way to achieving your weekly goal.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9994831085205078}
+{"content": "10 Apr\n\nWhat the social innovator needs\n\nEarlier this year, I asked everyone working within the social innovation field why we were not spreading proven approaches faster. I also said that the answer lay in linking resources to performance. When we efficiently connect resources to the highest performing organizations, we can truly start to spread approaches that work. Today, I ask: How? How can we equip today's leaders in nonprofits, philanthropy, government, and business to lead high performing organizations? Better yet, how can we help them optimize their role in spreading social innovation?\n\nTo understand how we can address the needs of social innovators, we need to first understand the nature of the role they will play in spreading what works. Here at Root Cause, we believe that social innovation is the process of finding, testing, and honing potentially transformative ideas, practices, principles, and models of approaching social issues. Therefore, we need to first train social innovators to correctly assess and analyze social needs in order to enable their development of innovative approaches. Innovators, trained in social needs assessment and analysis, will be able to understand the complex nature of social problem solving, clearly articulate their vision of change and develop expertise on the social issue landscape.\n\nThis in turn will allow them to identify new opportunities for impact, define organizational roles, and develop innovative solutions with a focus on target beneficiaries. Finally, this capacity of social needs assessment will assist them in developing and articulating an approach and managing an organization to achieve its goals. But once these leaders have developed innovative approaches, how can we help them spread these models? In other words, how are we equipping them to advance social innovation?\n\nOur work through the Social Innovation Forum shows that spreading proven approaches requires collaboration between nonprofits, philanthropy, government, and business as they move through the social innovation process. Thus, social innovators need to be trained in strategic collaboration, where they can Identify and develop key partnerships within and across social issues and sectors. These partnerships will facilitate the spread of innovative approaches via knowledge sharing about best practices and collaboration with similarly mission-aligned organizations.\n\nHowever, this collaboration itself requires a platform like a social impact market. Therefore, effective social innovators understand how social impact markets operate. They can develop and implement a system to measure and communicate performance. Consequently, social innovators need to be trained to learn from performance, make data-driven decisions focused on continuous improvement, and effectively allocate resources based on performance.\n\nIf sustainable impact is a question of performance, leaders engaged in social impact need to measure their performance to maximize their social impact. This new generation of leaders will need to develop competencies in market assessment and analysis, building and sustaining organizations, engaging in outcomes-driven adaptive learning, and collaborating across sectors. Are our leaders ready for this? If not, how can we prepare them?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9755929112434387}
+{"content": "Arrow-right Camera\n\nThe Spokesman-Review Newspaper\n\nPartly Cloudy Day 38° Partly Cloudy\n\nElection Center\n\nH.J.R. 2aa - Right to hunt, fish and trap\n\nIdaho voters will be asked to decide on Nov. 6 whether to amend the state’s Constitution to guarantee a right to hunt, fish and trap, a measure that led to tortured debates during this year’s legislative session as five previous versions of the amendment failed, before HJR 2aa finally passed both houses by two-thirds votes.\n\nFew lawmakers objected to guaranteeing rights to hunt and fish; 13 states have done that, all but one of them in the last 15 years (though only five added in trapping). But the details of the wording in the amendment provoked big concerns about inadvertently limiting Fish and Game hunting and fishing regulations; affecting water rights or private property rights; or possibly even opening the door to allowing future lawmakers to ban the very rights the amendment sought to protect.\n\nFive separate versions of the measure failed, before the sixth finally passed the House with four “no” votes and the Senate with three “no” votes; this was after a previous version passed the Senate unanimously but died in committee in the House.\n\nThe final version actually had to be amended after it cleared a House committee - that’s why the “aa,” signifying “as amended,” appears after HJR 2, which stands for House Joint Resolution 2. House members added a clause designed to ensure the amendment wouldn’t prevent the lawful revocation or suspension of an individual’s hunting, fishing or trapping license.\n\nBallot text:\n\nShall Article I, of the Constitution of the State of Idaho be amended by the addition of a New Section 23, to provide that the rights to hunt, fish and trap, including by the use of traditional methods, are a valued part of the heritage of the State of Idaho and shall forever be preserved for the people and managed through the laws, rules and proclamations that preserve the future of hunting, fishing and trapping; to provide that public hunting, fishing and trapping of wildlife shall be a preferred means of managing wildlife; and to provide that the rights set forth do not create a right to trespass on private property, shall not affect rights to divert, appropriate and use water, or establish any minimum amount of water in any water body, shall not lead to a diminution of other private rights, and shall not prevent the suspension or revocation, pursuant to statute enacted by the Legislature, of an individual’s hunting, fishing or trapping license?\n\nElection results\n\nOption Votes Pct\nYes 456,331 73.41%\nNo 165,323 26.59%", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6354242563247681}
+{"content": "Is Romance in the Air?  INFJ Meets INFP\n\nINFP and INFJ types are a alike in many ways. Both types are introverted (I), intuitive (N), and feeling (F). They have rich inner lives and treasure their solitude. Their intuition is highly developed, giving them the ability to see what’s going on under the surface. They understand why people do the things they do. Because they see through facades and games, deceivers and players can seldom fool them for long. INFPs and INFJs examine every piece of evidence for its fundamental truth and then seek the wider context into which it fits.\n\nAs idealists, both types drive themselves to achieve their goals, which are frequently humanitarian. If they don’t have the luxury of choosing careers that meet their needs, they spend much of their spare time helping others. Their values are strong and their principles firm—unless they find a valid reason to change them. Their biggest question is, “What’s my purpose?” This quest helps them form a close bond together.\n\n INFPs and INFJs set such high standards for themselves that they’re often disappointed in the results of their work. Because they don’t give themselves enough credit, they need each other’s support. One encourages the other.\n\nThey protect their privacy. When they’re not allowed enough time alone, they feel drained. They need solitude to recharge their batteries and get their energy back. As friends and partners, they understand this and are usually generous about giving each other space.\n\nBoth are somewhat prone to depression. Their introversion inclines them to be loners, giving them the tendency to brood over problems without checking the facts with others. Their feeling preference inclines them to exaggerate the importance of conflicts or hurt feelings.\n\nBoth types are generally well liked due to their warmth and sincerity. They make good listeners, put others at ease, and are valued as friends and confidantes.\n\n\nThe intuitive skills shared by the INFP and INFJ form their strongest bond. They usually agree on important matters. Due to differences in their perceiving and judging functions, however, they don’t always carry out practical tasks in the same way. The INFP may start a painting project, then leave it half-finished—intending to finish at a more convenient time. INFJs aren’t happy until the job is complete.\n\nAs intuitive individuals, they sift through their experiences to discover their meaning. How does the evidence fit into the big picture? People with a sensing preference, whose intuition is less developed, tend to accept things at surface value. They see no point in overthinking matters. As a result, they may fail to appreciate the insights and predictions of INFPs and INFJs—sometimes at their peril.\n\nINFPs and INFJs frequently have compatible careers requiring verbal skills. They cooperate and communicate effectively with others. Often they hold medical or social service jobs. Their sharp intuition helps them solve problems, their feeling function encourages people to trust them, and their introversion gives them time to contemplate the complex factors in situations. They prefer careers that don’t emphasize details but focus on patterns. These similarities give them a lot in common as friends.\n\nWhile both types get along with others, group projects frustrate them. They get annoyed by people who don’t live up to their standards or fail to see the big picture. They generally remain polite, but inside they may be seething. When an INFP and INFJ collaborate on projects, they may have conflicts over deadlines as the former dawdles while the latter pushes to finish on time.\n\nTaking on too much to please others is a problem they have in common. Also, they may give others the impression that they agree on the details of a project when in fact they do not. This is true of them as friends as well as participants in the larger community. They need to assert themselves more and learn to be honest, giving negative feedback when it’s important.\n\n\nWhen INFPs fall in love with INFJs, the natural reserve of the former makes it hard for them to express their affection in words. It’s a little easier for the INFJ, who can also be shy but is better at taking action. Both can be eloquent in their physical expressions of love. As lovers, they are tender and creative. This helps keep the relationship anchored.\n\nThe two types are sensitive and easily hurt. One or the other can easily misinterpret a casual statement, offhand action, or forgotten promise and feel rejected. When one says, “I’ll be late tonight” as he or she leaves the house and means nothing more than that, the other may give the statement a sinister interpretation. To avoid bruised egos, they need to remember the importance of frequent reality checks.\n\nBoth tend to overdramatize situations and ignore the simple facts. When a disagreement comes up, they can get out of touch with each other. They have to release their ego investment and back-pedal in order to find common ground.\n\nThey tend to be absent-minded, too, which can be annoying for everyone. Where are the house keys? Did anyone let the cat in this morning? What time were we supposed to be there? Both are likely to shrug and say they don’t know.\n\nFortunately, they’re tolerant of each other because they share the inability to recall the concrete details of life. Such mundane matters don’t hold their attention.\n\nHome Life\n\nAs parents, both types listen attentively to each other and their children, although INFJs are slightly less patient because of their judging function. They’re more likely to interrupt a conversation to see where it’s going. The INFP is content to listen without closure. INFPs wait to think about what’s been said before deciding what to do.\n\nThey avoid conflicts. Under normal conditions, they’re courteous and respectful, seldom raising their voices. When a problem comes up, they talk it over. The difference is that INFJs have a stronger need to decide who’s right and who’s wrong, while the INFP’s main goal is to preserve good will in the family. Both get rattled by conflict, but the INFJ is more likely to stand his or her ground on critical issues.\n\nWhen it’s time for a vacation, INFJ parents are generally the chief planners. Their inclination to arrange details before checking them out with the family can cause problems, but after they’ve set off, the parents have no problem giving everyone time alone. After all, they want that, too. When the family re-gathers, they relax and have fun.\n\nNurturing their children comes naturally to INFPs and INFJs. They are patient, devoted, and protective parents. However, when friction arises over, say, a child’s behavior, they tend to keep their objections to themselves longer than they should. Eventually the INFJ in particular is likely to blow up.\n\nSecrets of Success\n\nINFPs and INFJs whose four Myers-Briggs functions are healthy and well developed can accomplish great things, although they are generally humble about them. Respect for personal boundaries is an important key to success for the INFJ/INFP couple. Each has strong needs for privacy along with their need for mutual support.\n\n\n\nYour Secret Self. Find out more... on Amazon\n\n\nIs Romance in the Air? INFJ Meets ISTP\n\nIf you’re an INFJ, you may find yourself drawn to ISTPs. They’re quietly competent, people of few words who make every utterance worth listening to. They pay attention. They have emotional control. How refreshing!\n\nINFJs and ISTPs have very different personalities. The only trait they have in common is introversion (I). Because both are private people, they prefer thinking about things to talking about them. They’re quiet, but their minds are always busy.\n\nWhat about the other traits? First, ISTPs, being sensing (S) types, are matter-of-fact and observant of what’s going on around them. Intuitive INFJs, being more creative and less down-to-earth, are often unaware of details. They lose things like cell phones and credit cards frequently.\n\nSecond, the ISTP, a thinking type (T), makes decisions based on the facts and logic of a situation, not emotional nuances. If they’re paying to have a job done and the work is shoddy, the INFJ may worry about confronting the worker and hurting his or her feelings. The ISTP is more objective. The job isn’t satisfactory and the worker must be told.\n\nFinally, perceiving (P) ISTPs avoid final decisions and are more comfortable when things are left open-ended. They’re casual about appointments and deadlines. They can undertake two or three projects at a time. INFJs do only one thing at a time, and they’re punctual and deadline-oriented. With their preference for judging (J), they like to see decisions made and situations brought to closure.\n\n\nWhile INFJs and ISTPs may have philosophical differences, they can complement each other in practical ways as friends. Unlike INFJs, ISTPs generally have good eye-hand coordination and understand how things work. Faced with a car repair, for example, the INFJ can usually rely on an ISTP friend to figure out what’s wrong with the vehicle before making a deal with a mechanic. ISTPs are unlikely to be fooled by mechanics or other fixers of things. They may even be able to repair the car themselves. Because they rely on their sensing preference more than their intuition, they think problems through while working on them. Unlike INFJs, they’re not interested in theories.\n\nWhen a friendship between these two types runs aground, it’s usually because of conflicts in thinking and feeling. ISTPs make decisions based on facts father than feelings and values. This impersonal approach gives them a tendency to be unaware of the reactions of others to the things they do. They may not even be clear about their own emotions. Although INFJs do examine the facts, they’re more likely to be concerned with the impact of their decisions on others. Because of this difference, the ISTP can offend the INFJs without meaning to.\n\n\nWhen ISTPs are looking for romance they seek partners who give them freedom to follow their own interests or, better yet, share these interests. An ISTP who loves camping may persuade an INFJ of the fun of sleeping in a tent. If the INFJ shows some enthusiasm, the ISTP may acquaint the person details about types of tents, sleeping bags, and cooking equipment. Before long, the two are likely to find themselves planning a trip to the nearest state park for a weekend.\n\nBecause both types are shy about expressing their feelings toward each other in words, they look for other ways to show their affection, such as finding gifts that will please the partner. They offer to cook, run errands, and do other practical favors. They prefer to show their feelings through actions rather than words. They don’t often speak words of love to each other, because they believe that the things they do together convey the message. The way they talk about their relationship is likely to be subtle and indirect. The words “I love you” don’t come easily. It’s easier to say, “Let’s eat at this restaurant again soon.”\n\nIf one partner decides to leave the other, the rejected ISTP is quiet about his or her suffering. ISTPs don’t give up easily on their relationships unless the facts make it obvious that the partnership won’t work out. A rejected INFJ may take longer to recover from a broken romance and be reluctant to take the risk to move on.\n\nHome Life\n\nWhen an INFJ and ISTP decide to make their relationship permanent and live together, they usually find that it takes effort and patience to preserve the bond that they enjoyed initially. To avoid unnecessary friction, the two must respect each other’s ways of thinking and feeling. The ISTP should try to understand the INFJs need for emotional support. For this to happen, usually the INFJ must explain his or her needs to the ISTP and make suggestions for meeting them. At the same time, INFJs shouldn’t expect ISTPs to be their sole source of emotional support. They need to cultivate a few friends who can empathize with their feelings. It’s a good idea to spread dependency needs around.\n\nSecrets of Success\n\nA well-matched pair of INFJs and ISTJs can complement each other in ways that benefit them both. The INFJ can appreciate the ISTP’s ability to enjoy the details of life without over-thinking, as INFJs tend to do. ISTPs have an uncomplicated way of viewing the world. This can be a relief to the complex INFJ for whom very little is easy. The ISTP’s life is enriched by the creative, witty INFJ who is usually a pleasure to be around.\n\n\nYour Secret Self. Find out more... on Amazon\n\n\nIs Romance in the Air? INFJ Meets ENFP\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHome Life\n\n\n\n\nSecrets of Success\n\n\n\nYour Secret Self. Find out more... on Amazon\n\nIs Romance in the Air? INFJ Meets INFJ\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHome Life\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSecrets of  Success\n\n\nYour Secret Self. Find out more... on Amazon\n\nValentine’s Gifts for MBTIs\n\n\n\n\nBelow is a list of gifts to consider.\n\nFor MBTI introverts who love beautiful things\nElegant block candles\nFireplace matches\nSilk scarf\nFancy compact with mirror\nFancy paper fan\n\n Indulgences, for anyone\nBottle of champagne, wine\nBox of chocolates\nGift basket of fruit, candy\n\nFor sensing, thinking types\nCar compass\nField glasses\n\nApparel, accessories for anyone\nKnitted cap and mittens\nLeather gloves\n\nPersonal items for anyone\nPersonal journal, matching pen\nPersonal siren (for safety)\nPiggy bank\n\nIn a long-term relationship for anyone\nYour photo\nin a small frame\n\nNew Year’s Resolutions for INFJs\n\nWe INFJs, like the other fifteen Myers-Briggs types, have our weak spots—vulnerabilities that sometimes bring us into conflict with others or cause personal problems. To be healthy and fully functional, we need to take advantage of all eight Myers-Briggs traits: introvert (I), extravert (E), sensing (S), intuitive (N), thinking (T), feeling (F), judging (J), and perceiving (P).\n\nI am a good example:\n\nAs an INFJ\n\n  • I tend to prefer solitude or the company of only one or two friends (I). Crowded social scenes turn me off.\n  • My intuitive nature (N) blesses me with creativity, fresh insights into the future, and the ability to second-guess others—sometimes a source of annoyance to them.\n  • As a feeling (F) type, I am mindful of the effects of my actions on others and concerned about their well-being, although I can take my emotional tendencies too far.\n  • The judging tendencies of my personality (J) make me prompt, reliable and conscientious, but sometimes overdemanding.\n\nMy News Year’s Resolutions \n\n1. This year, I won’t be such a mole. When invited to a social event, I won’t go straight to my default “NO.” At least I’ll say, “Let me think about it,” or “Let me check my calendar.”\n\n2.  I’ll answer the phone every time it rings unless caller ID tells me it’s a telemarketer.\n\n3. When the doorbell rings, I won’t pretend that no one is home.\n\n4. When I do my taxes this year, I won’t make numbers up. I’ll actually look for my records.\n\n5. Sometimes, when someone asks, “How are you doing?” I’ll give them an honest answer.\n\n6. If I want or need help, I’ll ask for it.\n\n7. Instead of fretting over personal conflicts, I’ll go straight to the source.\n\n8. When a problem arises, I’ll press for a straightforward talk about it.\n\n9. I’ll offer sincere praise and thanks to others when it’s due.\n\n10. I’ll allow others to explain their opinions and objections without countering every argument.\n\n11. I will not confuse my intellectual excitement with hands-on achievement.\n\n12. I will listen to others, even when I don’t agree with them.\n\n13. In an argument, I will look for common ground  before focusing on differences.\n\n14. I will find something to  praise in the arguments of another person.\n\n15. I will not be condescending or sarcastic.\n\n16.  I will smile genuinely at least once during an exchange of points.\n\n17  I will remember that listening doesn’t mean agreeing.\n\n18. When  disagreeing with someone, I will avoid rude comments and insults.\n\n19. Rather than end an argument angrily, I will thank the other person for his or her time and opinion.\n\n20. Before leaving an argument I will extend the hand of friendship.\n\nthe courage to change the things I can,\nand the wisdom to know the difference.”\n\nWhen INFJs and ISTJs Disagree\n\n\nDifferences of Opinion\n\n\n\nHow to Handle Conflicts\n\n\n\nConstruct: Conflict Resolution\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nISFJ: Introverted, Sensing, Feeling and Judging\n\n\n\nISFP: Introverted, Sensing, Feeling and Perceiving\n\n\n\nINFJ: Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Judging\n\n\n\nINFP: Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Perceiving\n\n\n\nINTJ: Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Judging\n\n\n\nINTP: Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Perceiving\n\n\n\nISTP: Introverted, Sensing, Thinking and Perceiving\n\n\n\nISTJ: Introverted, Sensing, Thinking and Judging\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFamous Introverts of the Past\n\nISFJ: Mother Teresa\nIntroverted, Sensing, Feeling and Judging\n\n\nINTJ: Bobby Fischer\nIntroverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Judging\n\n\nINFJ: Mahatma Ghandi\nIntroverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Judging\n\n\nINTP: Marie Curie\nIntroverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Perceiving\n\n\nINFP: Princess Diana\nIntroverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Perceiving\n\n\nISFP: David Bowie\nIntroverted, Sensing, Feeling and Perceiving\n\n\nFamous Introverts of the Present\n\nISTP: Dalai Lama\nIntroverted, Sensing, Thinking and Perceiving\n\n\nISTJ: Angela Merkel\nIntroverted, Sensing, Thinking and Judging\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn recent years, Myers-Briggs experts have analyzed many famous people to make educated guesses of their personality types. While most celebrities, past and present, have never taken a personality test, psychologists who are knowledgeable about typology believe they know what the outcomes would be.\n\nMost politicians, entertainers, and leaders of large organizations are extraverts. Introverts are usually deep thinkers, complex individuals who can be charming in public but are private in their personal lives. Introverts aren’t easily categorized or put in boxes. Part 1 of this two-part series describes some extraverts, living and dead. Part 2 about introverts will follow.\n\nFamous Extraverts of the Present\n\nENTJ: Bill Gates\nExtraverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Judging\n\n04-billgatesAn ENTJ personality type called the “Leader,” Bill Gates has always been decisive and strategic, willing to challenge old ideas and attract other people to his causes. ENTJs can be demanding, but they’re also objective and fair. Bill Gates built an empire based on his leadership skills and ability to innovate.\n\nENFJ: Oprah Winfrey\nExtraverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Judging\n\n05-oprahwinfrey_2005With her outgoing, enthusiastic personality, ENFJ Oprah understands people. True to type, she’s articulate and tactful. ENFJs have the interpersonal skills to make others want to join them to make things happen. The ENFJ is idealistic, compassionate, and shows integrity in everything he or she does.\n\nESTJ: Margaret Thatcher\nExtraverted, Sensing, Thinking and Judging\n\n07-thatcherAs the “Supervisor” ESTJ type, Margaret Thatcher was the first female prime minister of England—a decisive, organized woman. Like most ESTJs, Thatcher was direct, objective and often impersonal. She based her plans of action on logic and past experience, monitoring progress every step of the way.\n\nESFJ: Barbara Walters\nExtraverted, Sensing, Feeling and Judging\n\n08-waltersA congenial, tactful ESFJ, Barbara Walters is an American media star. Compassion and thoroughness are her hallmarks. Called the “Caretaker,” this personality type places a high value on harmony. The cooperative nature of ESFJs make them naturals for drawing out other people while respecting their sensitivities and needs.\n\nESFP: Steven Spielberg\nExtraverted, Sensing, Feeling and Perceiving\n\n16-spielbergSteven Spielberg, famous Hollywood director, is an ESFP, a personality type called the “Performer.” Spielberg has been honored in many countries for his ground-breaking films. He is outgoing, flexible and observant. With his lighthearted approach to life, like most ESFPs he is generous with his time and money.\n\nENTP: Barack Obama\nExtraverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Perceiving\n\n01-obamaAs a Myers-Briggs ENTP, Barack Obama is outspoken, creative, and analytical. Congenial ENTPs have a sixth sense for the needs of others and go out of their way to help them. The interpersonal skills of this personality type attract others. They’re able to unite people to work for their causes.\n\nFamous Extraverts of the Past\n\nENFP: Walt Disney\nExtraverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Perceiving\n\n02-disneyTrue to his Myers-Briggs personality type, ENFP, Walt Disney was creative and independent—a pioneer of animated films. Like most ENFPs, he was congenial, insightful, and versatile. His ability to identify with others was almost uncanny, as made evident from his wide range of film characters.\n\nESTP: John F. Kennedy\nExtraverted, Sensing, Thinking and Perceiving\n\n10-jfkAs an ESTP personality type called the “Promoter,” John F. Kennedy was persuasive, energetic, and easy-going. This Myers-Briggs type is practical and action-oriented, always ready to join in whatever is happening. True to type, Kennedy was direct in his politics, mincing no words while being tactful with those around him.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9267967343330383}
+{"content": "\n\nLogo MUG-Forschungsportal\n\nGewählte Publikation:\n\nSHR Neuro Krebs Kardio Lipid\n\nFrings, A; Geigl, JB; Liegl-Atzwanger, B; Leithner, A.\nFamilial aggregation of urinary tract and bone tumors: searching for a syndrome.\nCase Rep Med. 2012; 2012(2):107894-107894 [OPEN ACCESS]\nPubMed PUBMED Central FullText FullText_MUG\n\n\nAutor/innen der Med Uni Graz:\nFrings Andreas\nGeigl Jochen Bernd\nLeithner Andreas\nLiegl-Atzwanger Bernadette\n\nDimensions Citations:\n\nPlum Analytics:\nNumber of Figures: 4\n| | | |\nPositive family anamnesis is an important risk factor for cancer, and therefore further investigations need to be done if familial aggregation of cancer is observed. Due to a rare combination of urinary tract and bone tumors occurring in the family presented herein we hypothesized a hereditary predisposition and thus, Li-Fraumeni syndrome was considered to be the most likely differential diagnosis. To confirm Li-Fraumeni syndrome, we set out to investigate this case by analyzing the tumor suppressor gene p53. However, taking into account all the diagnostic results obtained, Li-Fraumeni syndrome could not be confirmed, but there is still uncertainty regarding a definitive diagnosis.\n\n© Meduni Graz Impressum", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8150345087051392}
+{"content": "Inconsistent Gain Handling - Feedback Welcome\n\n\nI’d have to look more closely at the measurements (I only have a very early MOD) but I think it must be better than 40dB S/N. If there is a DC offset, that’s a different matter - in and of itself that could mainly affect dynamic range etc instead - but without knowing the cause this is only speculation and I guess not very helpful. This whole discussion about gain levels seems very messy - having gain trims and twiddles everywhere is an engineers solution (and not a very good one) - its not a musicians solution (speaking as a musician rather than a developer this time - I just want to play - and it would be nice to leave some CPU for other effects too… :slight_smile: ). I don’t know what the right answer is for everyone (or even if there is one) - the MOD is trying to be extremely flexible - and there are those who would want to use it in between guitar and amp - just like regular stomp boxes, or those who use it in an effects loop etc. The best solution (or least worst) is to design effects intelligently, with the idea that they have to accommodate a wide range of levels, and not get too hung up about it - (guitar players especially) have been abusing gain structure incompatibilities to great effect forever. For example, with the DT-1 distortion, I designed it primarily to work with ‘guitar’ levels, but, the gain goes from 0dB to 40dB and the output level can be set anywhere from -Inf to 0dB so it should be possible to find a setting that works (others may disagree - I won’t be changing it)\n\n\nWe talk about a difference of 25dB, which is a huge diff, especial for a distortion algorithm.\n\nI’ve developed a new distortion plug (coming soon) which comes with a selector for the input level. It covers the settings for the input stage low | mid | high. The selector is only available in the settings frame, not on the UI. It allow to archive the exact same behaviour of the plug across any chosen input stage level, when the setting in the plug match the setting on the MOD.\nWhen the MOD host would provide the input stage gain setting as a feature to the plug, it could be automated so that users ain’t need to care about.\n\n\nWith the DT-1 distortion, its designed to work down at “guitar” levels, so if you want to hit it with something e.g. 20 - 25dB hotter, that’s fine, just turn the gain / drive down (about half way). There are different solutions to this issue, which work best depending on the plug-in and / or the distortion algorithm. In my case I set out to model an analogue distortion box that you might (normally) put in the guitar signal path - I found something that works for me. I hope it works for other people, but I don’t know if anyone else has even tried it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6066163778305054}
+{"content": "Attorney General appointed President of JSC Special Committee\n\nJudicial Service Commission (JSC) has appointed Attorney General Ibrahim Riffath as the president of the commission formed to investigate the allegations questioning the legitimacy of the judges.\n\nJSC has decided to investigate the extent of authenticity of the allegations made by the President of the Presidential Commission on Murders and Enforced Disappearances Husnul Suood against the judges and the courts of law. JSC said following investigations, legal action will be taken incorporation with relevant authorities against any judge or person found guilty. The commission also noted it will seek the assistance from Husnul Suood to collect evidence along with the assistance of investigative authorities.\n\nMeanwhile, JSC has assured to conduct swift investigations into the allegations as it questions the legitimacy of the judicial bodies, reiterating the importance of maintaining public trust for the judiciary.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999302625656128}
+{"content": "Why attend 42\n\n42 is an innovative educational model that was designed to develop skills needed for the digital world and today’s industries. We aren’t a traditional university, but here’s why you should come to 42:\n\n$0 tuition\n\nThe 42 program is free. There are no fees, no tuition, no required purchases such as books, no required devices, nothing. The school is funded by a French billionaire and it’s as if every students receives a $50,000 scholarship.\n\nFlexible curriculum\n\nSince there aren’t any courses at 42, students can try a “branch” of our curriculum to see if they like it. If they don’t, they aren’t committed to an entire semester or course; they can move to the next branch and topic. This allows students to explore as well as pursue with depth the areas of programming that they are passionate about.\n\n\nThe program design at 42 uses project-based learning and gamification, meaning goals as well as peers provide motivation for students rather than rules and fear of exams. Students at 42 are passionate about what they do and learn, which is itself motivation to pursue the curriculum. Further, the 42 community is incredibly welcoming but at the same time inspiring: you will be mentored by other students, and you will mentor others, which pushes you to be your best.\n\nTimeless skills for the workplace\n\nUnlike coding bootcamps, at 42, the skills you learn have enduring value. Whereas programming languages are constantly evolving and can become obsolete from one day to the next, the ability to learn a language in 2 weeks is an enduring skill that the digital world needs and wants.\n\nLearn how to learn\n\nThe nature of our program teaches students how to learn, and ultimately, how to be resourceful and problem solve. If they don’t know how to do something, they find out how to do it. They discover how they learn, and use that as a skill in the workplace.\n\nMastery-based learning\n\nIn traditional schools, there are exams and grades with a pass or fail system. At 42, students have to master a project and skill before they can move to the next level: they have to display competency because software has to work. Autopilot cannot function 95% of the time; it has to function 100% of the time. Students have an open environment to try, fail, be corrected by peers, try again, and learn until they get it right. This gives them confidence of what they truly know when entering the workplace.\n\nReal work, not just theory\n\nA lot of traditional computer science and engineering programs focus heavily on theory, and students don’t actually spend that much time writing code, learning programming, being forced to think, and designing systems and networks. At 42, you’ll spend most of your time working on projects, writing code, designing systems, and more. Students love the hands-on, real-world approach to learning, and in creating, are digesting and absorbing far more material.\n\nLearning not bound by time\n\nAt 42, you can learn as fast or as slow as you need. There is no restrictive quantity of time within which you need to learn, such as a semester. Students can progress at their own pace: for those who find traditional education boring because it’s too slow, 42 challenges them and they can move as fast as they can. On the other side, students who need more time to learn can take longer: the point is that they learn skills, not pass within a given timeframe.\n\nReady for the workplace\n\nArguably the point of college and university is to prepare for the workplace. 42 was founded on the belief that the traditional education system wasn’t providing needed skills for the digital workplace. 42 students spend hours and hours coding, working on projects, working in groups, and working in a professional work environment. Transitioning to the workplace is easy, and of great benefit to employers.\n\nReal-time curriculum changes\n\nOur curriculum changes simultaneously with the needs of the tech industry. We’re currently adding AI and blockchain to our curriculum, working with leading industry professionals to help develop skills and understanding what employers need. Since we don’t have teachers and professors, the speed with which we can develop the curriculum and offer students the opportunity to learn is far faster than other colleges or universities.\n\nFlexible working & no classes\n\n42 doesn’t have classes, courses, or rigid working hours. We’re open 24/7, so students work when they want to work. It’s up to them to manage their time. If the traditional education system didn’t suit you, try 42! A huge part of our student population didn’t do well with traditional educational structures but are thriving at 42 and are incredibly talented programmers.\n\nA passionate and welcoming community\n\nWe have yet to find a community that matches that of 42. Students are so passionate about what they do, they love learning, and no one cares what your background is. We value your work, your creativity, your contributions. 42 students come from hundreds of different countries, come in all shapes and sizes, and are perhaps part of the most diverse technological community in America.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9955325126647949}
+{"content": "Recommended To Read:\n\n\n\nWhere to buy head and platter replacement tools at good prices?\n\nData recover case studies step by step guide\n\nI want to attend professional data recovery training courses\n\nSometimes, data loss is not terrible because it can be recoveryable. The terrible thing is the second damage to the media, especially some physical damage, like platter scratches are almost deadly so far in data recovery field!\nTherefore, it’s necessary for you to learn how to avoid further damage to your media and prevent further data loss:\n\n* Do not write to any of the files on the device or add additional files\n* Do not format the drive\n\nIf you have a backup, evaluate how current it is and if it will fulfill your needs. Consider restoring your backup to a different system in case you find that critical files are missing or outdated.\n\nHowever, if you are a data recovery specialist with professional data recovery tools, you can be free on your way as you know where it goes! If not, keep the above suggestions in your mind!\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6189749240875244}
+{"content": "As a student of molecular biology, I am frequently confused as to why people seem intent to either completely ignore all scientific evidence and claim that GMOs are “bad for humans and the environment,” or at the other extreme: determined to protect every single use of biotechnology (even in the case of glyphosate, also known as Roundup). The fact of the matter is that biotechnology and genetically modified organisms represent a great tool in our efforts to survive more sustainably on this planet.\n\nHow can we get everyone on the same page? How can we appease those who fear the technology, calm those with legitimate worries, and also continue research and developement of everything between golden rice (which is rich in ß-carotene) and insulin producing bacteria? Well, the key to the responsible use of any technology goes hand in hand with its transparent and thorough testing and development. In the hope that we can start to rid ourselves of unfounded paranoia, and also tilt the scales in the favor of responsible use, I now present 8 demands to ensure the safe  and transparent use of genetically modified organisms.\n\n1) Libraries characterizing the genotypes (so gene sequences) of GMOs should be made publicly accessible before regulators make decisions.\n\nThis may sound counter-intuitive, but I am a big fan of crowd-sourcing. By making the genetic data publicly accessible, companies and governments will be enabling independent scientists to pick apart what was included and how it is being regulated. Essentially anyone with even rudimentary bioinformatics knowledge would then be able to figure out what was changed in a GMO by using tools like BLAST, taking some of the guess-work, quotes, and miscommunication out of the picture.\n\n2) Studies about environmental and health impacts should be replicated independently several times prior to approval.\n\nOne of the problems in the world of science and medicine is publication bias, which can lead insignificant changes to appear major or even potentially allow major changes to appear insignificant. This error can be rounded out by repeated tests, but this can only really work if all data is made available. Thus tests need to be carried out both by the company, and by independent regulators, with all data then made available to the public.\n\n3) Changes to plants should carry at least no disadvantage to the organism in question, independent of chemical agriculture.\n\nIn instances where foreign genes are being inserted, as opposed to simply “tweaking” levels of existing genes (as with the new GMO potatoes that produce less acrylamide when fried by reducing how much sucrose is metabolized into glucose and fructose), the gene should carry either an innate advantage or at least no disadvantage for the organism and ecosystem in question. This would mean the end to “Roundup Ready” type crops, which are designed to survive chemicals that kill literally everything else. Of course, this is a demand that is not applicable to the use of microorganisms in bioreactors.\n\n4) If a GMO is going to be used for food (which many/most are not), members of the research and marketing teams should publicly consume the products.\n\nIn the same fashion that those who design and build cars should feel safe enough to drive them: those who change or design foods should feel safe enough to consume them. I want to remind everybody though, that there is no reason to think that introducing foreign DNA (either coding or regulatory) would have a negative impact of the food. Although you do uptake some DNA from your food into your blood: this DNA has no way to enter your cells or to affect biological processes. Once cooked, literally all DNA and proteins lose their shape and essentially become building-blocks for your body to use in other processes. Thus, expecting designers to eat it really shouldn’t be too much to ask and should serve to calm skeptics.\n\n5) Companies and scientists should work alongside journalists: allow the authors of public opinion to understand what is being done and how.\n\nOne of the major reasons that there is so much opposition to biotechnology in general and especially genetically modified foods is that members of the media are frequently completely uninformed about genetics. A great example is this article titled “The Very Real Danger of Genetically Modified Foods” by Ari Levaux from The Atlantic, in which he bases his arguments almost entirely on the misconception that RNA in your blood could somehow work to change gene expression (this would be called RNAi) in your cells. This is because he never learned about cell biology and the fact that cells do not simply uptake genetic data from their medium.\n\nIn order to quell public fear of the unknown, the people they go to for advice and understanding have to become competent in the fields they are talking about. If you are not at least somewhat well versed in cell biology and genetics: you should not be writing about biotechnology or genetically modified organisms. If scientists and companies open their doors and start explaining to these emissaries of public opinion then the rampant misconceptions should slowly die off.\n\n6) Random insertions should be avoided: if a gene is added then it should be added into non-coding, non-regulatory DNA separating genes.\n\nThis might sound confusing if you haven’t studied genetics, but it is actually pretty simple. Genes are frequently separated from one another, especially in multi-cellular creatures like ourselves, by repeating patterns of non-coding DNA. In some instances, this non-coding DNA can be regulatory in nature: “attracting” either a repressor or enhancer to specify gene activity. But, in many cases the repeats between genes exist to aid in clean recombination and are not connected to regulatory duties, and in fact this is the type of DNA that we use for DNA fingerprinting because we vary individually in how many times the sequences are repeated (called variable number tandem repeats).\n\nThere are way to do a targeted insertion (for instance using a cas/CRISPR system), but the simplest and most common method of gene insertion is using T-DNAs (taking a page out of Agrobacterium tumefaciens‘ book). This reasonably simple method has the downside, however, of inserting its DNA randomly into the genome, potentially interrupting or disrupting existing genetic data. Since we have the technology to avoid this problem, shouldn’t we be doing so?\n\n7) Allow equivalence to be determined individually for each organism on a case-by-case basis: avoid generalizing.\n\nAlthough I myself already said that DNA and RNA from GMOs cannot affect your cells, the fact remains that it would technically be possible to create an apple that produced melatonin to help you fall asleep faster, or even fruit that produced a little insulin to make it easier for diabetics to eat. These foods can be considered different from their conventional brothers, unlike rice which simply produces more ß-carotene, expresses a protein to better fend off specific insect pests (like Bt), or is simply better able to adapt to warm or cold temperatures due to better protein folding. Whether a genetically modified organism should be considered the same as, or something different from, conventional foods should be decided on a case-by-case basis.\n\n\nA corn monoculture\n\n8)  Studies investigating the environmental impact of GM crops should compare both monoculture and mixed crops instead of just GM and non-GM monocultures.\n\nThe irony of much of the anti-GM movement is that it claims to center around environmental integrity. As someone who places a great of value on environmental and biosphere stability: I find this argument somewhat backwards. The negative impact of monocultures on everything from biodiversity to bee health appears to be far more clear than any connection between environmental impacts and genetic modification. Companies and regulators should be investigating what factors contribute to or subtract from ecosystem services, this would be more informative if studies were undertaken using both mixed and monoculture crops.\n\n\nGenetic modification is a tool comprising many different technologies. It can be used responsible with great success, or it can be abused. In the same way that we cannot ban electricity because of the electric chair: we cannot villify all GMOs because of Monsanto’s Roundup Ready crops. Indeed, many chemical and industrial processes are being made more environmentally viable through the use of bioreactors (instead of classic chemistry) or making mosquitoes immune to malaria, and there exists the possibility of enabling existing organisms to better adapt to the changing climate (which is a less threatening way to say biosphere instability).\n\nThere is no reason that we should let ourselves be convinced that a combination of mutation and selection breeding is morally better than directed evolution. The choices we are being offered are not between environmentally safe and environmentally dangerous, but instead we must choose between the intelligent use of the tools we have available or to hang onto environmentally destructive traditions. I strongly believe that if we can come to terms on these 8 points: we can guarantee a more responsible and beneficial use of genetic modification.\n\n\nGenetic modification doesn’t always mean adding a new gene, but sometimes simply optimizing existing proteins through techniques like family shuffling. To better understand this graphic, check the study: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v391/n6664/abs/391288a0.html", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9088847637176514}
+{"content": "Book review: Building Machine Learning Systems with Python\n\nI recently read the book Building Machine Learning Systems with Python by Willi Richert and Luis Pedro Coelho (disclaimer). Overall I think it is worth reading for someone who is already familiar with coding in python (and the numpy library) and is interested in using python machine learning libraries. I can’t recommended it as strongly for someone who is unfamiliar with python because the code in the book is often unpythonic (in my opinion), and the code available on the book’s website doesn’t match well with the code in the book and requires a fair bit of tweaking before you can actually run the examples.\n\nI especially enjoyed exploring the gensim library, which is touched on in the book. I also liked the approach taken in the book of building and analyzing machine learning systems as an iterative process, exploring models and features to converge on a good solution.\n\nOne thing I think could improve the code in the book is better variable names. For example the following code is needlessly cryptic:\n\ndense = np.zeros( (len(topics), 100), float)\nfor ti,t in enumerate(topics):\n    for tj,v in t:\n        dense[ti,tj] = v\n\nThere is also a blundering use of a list comprehension to reshape a numpy array:\n\nx = np.array([[v] for v in x])\n\nUsing the built in reshape method is more memory efficient, easier to read, and 1,000 times faster:\n\nIn [25]: x.shape\nOut[25]: (506L,)\n\nIn [26]: %timeit y = np.array([[v] for v in x])\n100 loops, best of 3: 4.07 ms per loop\n\nIn [27]: %timeit y = x.reshape((x.size, 1)).copy()\n100000 loops, best of 3: 4.09 µs per loop", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5382394194602966}
+{"content": "Clear Quartz Pendulum\n\nClear Quartz Pendulum | Wonderworks\nPrice: $26.95\n\nAn energy stone venerated all over the world and throughout history.  It absorbs, stores, transforms, amplifies, and unblocks energy, putting energy into its ideal state.  It has a versatile memory, and can be attuned to the user and programmed for different needs.  It amplifies the energies of other crystals. It is a stone of light and balance, and alignment.\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8345676064491272}
+{"content": "Venus of Willendorf\n\nVenus of Willendorf | Wonderworks\nHand-made ceramic sculpture\nPrice: $74.95\n\nShe is an ancient Fertility Goddess, representing life, abundance, and sexuality.  She is one of the earliest depictions of the human form, and the first known sacred image of the Mother Goddess.  Her enlarged breasts and stomach and detailed vulva and hair represent sexuality and fertility. Her hair is wrapped in intricate plates around her head in seven circles, underscoring her eroticism. She was carved without feet, implying her divine connection to the earth and her inability to leave it. Her lack of facial features represents her all-encompassing divine nature, and combined with her lack of feet, symbolizes her purpose as a Fertility Goddess; she does not need to stand or speak, only partake in the earthy creation of new life. This figurine was discovered in 1908 at a Paleolithic site near Willendorf, Austria. She was carved from limestone imported to the area and tinted with red ochre, and since her discovery several similar figures have been found, collectively called the Venus Figurines. \n\nMeditation, Altar, Ritual, Adornment\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9236195087432861}
+{"content": "Government shutdown affects Volcano Awareness Month presentations\n\n\nNote the following changes and check the HVO website (https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/) for updates:\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe original schedule of presentations and related information can be found at https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/file_mngr/file-200/Talks_2019%20VAM.pdf.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9057955145835876}
+{"content": "Overcoming Fear\n\nOvercoming Fear\n\n\nA customer asked: “We all have fear and most of it comes from our thoughts. And in my business there is fear of rejection, fear of looking foolish, fear of failure, etc…. How would I use the mind machine to help overcome fear?”\n\nDAVID-Delight_PlusDAVID Delight Pro w/ CES Mind Machine\n\nMy answer: “By realizing fear is not worth it. Being afraid of something is one thing, but fear is like a preconceived notion that something is going to go wrong. That causes undue stress and anxiety and can lead to failure. Screw-ups are going to happen, so is being rejected. It sucks, but it happens to all of us. Make fear less important in your thoughts, try smiling when you have thoughts of fear. Fear is an unnecessary emotion when it comes to sales so learn to relax and don’t dwell on what makes you fear the unknown, instead turn those negative thoughts of fear into positive feelings of self-confidence. Try an alpha/theta session that is built into the DAVID Delight Plus or Delight Pro by Mindalive or the Procyon or Kasina by Mindplace light and sound brainwave frequency entrainment systems to get you into a hypnogogic state of consciousness where you can visualize any fear into asking yourself why you are fearful of something that hasn’t even happened yet. And smile when fear enters your thoughts, like you are challenging that word because you are better than fear, smarter than fear, and it has no place in your thoughts. It is not welcome in your life the same as all other negative thoughts. Alpha sessions and alpha/theta sessions that are part of the above mentioned mind machines (also known as brain machines and psychowalkmans) are great for reducing anxiety associated with fear.”\n\nProcyon-mind-machineKasina by Mindplace\n\nCopyright: Mindmachines.com (2016) CA. All rights reserved.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8356320261955261}
+{"content": "Sixth Grade Teacher Manual-Digital\n\nSKU: b060070-dbk\n\nOur Teacher Manuals provide additional infomation that supports you in assessing your child's work for detail, depth and accuracy. The Sixth Grade Teacher Manual provides supplementary information and material for the Ancient Civilizations and English Syllabus and the Basic Life Science Syllabus. It provides sample answers for vocabulary and grammar questions, tips and reminders for writing assignments, ideas and specific information in response to research and writing assignments, ideas for library and video resources, and further information in response to specific questions in the syllabi to help the teacher supplement what the student is learning.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.981243908405304}
+{"content": "Browse Publications Technical Papers 2019-01-0297\n\nSpray Characteristics of Gasoline-Ethanol Fuel Blends under Flash Boiling Conditions 2019-01-0297\n\nThe objective of this paper is to investigate the spray characteristics of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends injection under flash boiling conditions. The spray structure and vaporization processes of both non-flash boiling and flash boiling sprays in a constant volume chamber under a wide range of superheated conditions were experimentally investigated by a high-speed imaging technique. The Engine Combustion Network’s Spray G injector with an injection pressure of 200 bar was used. The ambient temperature was kept at 60 °C (±1 °C) and the ambient pressure ranged from 15 kPa to 290 kPa. For comparison, pure gasoline and ethanol were also investigated under the same conditions, and the fuel temperature varied from 20 °C to 90 °C. Spray penetration and spray-plume width were correlated to the degree of superheat, which is the ratio of the ambient pressure to saturated vapor pressure (pa/pv). It is found that the gasoline and ethanol sprays showed the similar patterns under non-flash boiling conditions. Ethanol evaporated slower than gasoline did at low temperature, but they reached similar evaporation rates when the temperature was close to 90 °C. Spray collapse was clearly observed when the value of pa/pv was around 0.8, and flash boiling occurred around 0.6 degree of superheat for pure gasoline, ethanol as well as their blends. For gasoline-ethanol fuel blends (E50), it behaves like pure ethanol at low temperature while like pure gasoline at high temperature. In summary, the fuel temperature affected not only fuel evaporation modes but also the breakup mechanisms.\n\n\n\n\nMembers save up to 40% off list price.\nLogin to see discount.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7137277126312256}
+{"content": "The fifth and final installment in the Reign of Secrets saga, OATH OF DESTRUCTION, is now available!\n\n#1 Amazon Bestseller!\n\nAllyssa was raised as royalty. Savenek had been trained as a spy. Allyssa grew up doted on by her parents. Savenek’s adoptive father had often shown his love through strict training and discipline. Allyssa died too soon, loved and mourned by her kingdom. Savenek is supposed to take her place, but struggles to win the hearts of the people and parents who don’t know him.\n\nWhen Savenek finally settles in to life at court, Allyssa shows up alive, in time for their seventeenth birthday celebration. Everything in Savenek’s life feels like it’s exploding again. While Allyssa has managed to stop the war with Russek and form a powerful alliance, Savenek knows there is a greater danger surrounding them.\n\nAs Emperion teeters on the brink of war, a much more personal battle plays out between twin siblings. If Allyssa and Savenek want to save their kingdom from being destroyed, they must learn to work together, trust one another, and rely on each other. When duty, loyalty, and family clash, can there be room for two royal heirs? Especially when one is being a royal pain?\n\nGoodreads      Amazon      Barnes & Noble      Kobo      iBooks      Google Play\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9849264621734619}
+{"content": "The honour is fitting recognition for Susan’s work that is helping to reshape how young people are introduced to the skills needed for a career in engineering.\n\n\nPrimary Engineer connects schools, universities and engineering organisations to showcase that children have the creativity and inventiveness to carve out a career in engineering.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000098943710327}
+{"content": "Being a Parent, Education, Home and Family\n\nThe School System: Why Curriculum Needs To Be Relevant To The World Today\n\nThe school system today must reflect aspects most relevant today rather than those most relevant in the past. Change can be frightening and overwhelming to many, particularly to those who have experienced success with an existing format. As Charles Darwin stated, “It is not the strongest or the most intelligent who will survive but those who can best manage change.”\n\nThe World and Your Curriculum\n\nYou must be flexible and adapt your curriculum to reflect the changes throughout the world and the significant events that take place. Either choose to begin with world events and fundamental societal changes and work them into your curriculum or choose specific subject matter and attach a world event or relatable current news to the subject. It is imperative that students understand the ways in which they are connected to the world.\n\nChoose just one historical event, scientific discovery, novel, etc. You might address an entire semester or unit to the content. You might choose to have students work in groups or individually to explore the ways in which they can relate former material to life today or current events to past experiences. You can even have each student choose something that has greatly influenced their lives and have them research other similar situations in other parts of the world.\n\nThe Inclusion of Technology\n\nToday, nearly every job incorporates technology to some degree. Students who have access to technology as a tool for learning in their classroom will have a distinct advantage over those who do not. In some countries or school districts, all students receive a personal laptop, tablet or have access to other technologies.\n\nThe benefits of technology in the classroom continue to grow for both students and teachers.\n\nBenefits and advantages include an increase in student engagement, greater collaboration, improvement in digital literacy, grade automation, track progress and student data, better classroom management, save time, better test scores, all students have access to resources, no more textbooks, easier to adapt lessons to each student and access to the world. This all helps to customize teaching tools for each student to enhance their individual development. And many schools are doing so with augmented and virtual reality.\n\n\nPhysical Fitness\n\nPhysical fitness in school has never been more important. Obesity in children is an epidemic with 18.5 percent of all children between the ages of 2 and 19 being obese, according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The US Department of Health and Human Services recommends that children and adolescents between the ages of 2 and 17 should have at least 60 minutes of physical activity, if not more, each day.\n\nConsistent physical activity for young people is vital to their health in many ways, such as to prevent heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, osteoporosis and cancer. It also helps to help with cognitive development, better grades, improved classroom behavior, fewer sick days and better focus and concentration. Physical activity is directly related to educational performance in most circumstances.\n\nThe Finnish Curriculum\n\nYou might find some aspects of other educational systems highly useful and find they inspire creativity and innovation in your lesson plans. One example is that of recent changes to the Finnish curriculum. The education system in Finland is consistently rated amongst the highest in the world despite the fact children do not begin school until the age of seven and they have shorter school days.\n\nThey use interactive smart boards for greater interaction. A 3D printer is used for presentations and the printed pieces are also used in an innovative board game. Laptops are used to develop communication, technology, cultural understanding and research skills. And, the students choose subjects that are relevant to them and the teachers develop lessons on their preferences. The schools also focus on critical thinking so that students leave with the ability to avoid cyberbullying, be able to link to a printer, install software and identify fake news.\n\nInvolved Parents Versus Parents Not Involved\n\nEducation experts and professionals agree that when parents are involved in the education process of a child, their performance improves. It is highly important to note that the socio-economic status or race has no bearing on this impact. At the end of the day, children achieve more regardless of the amount of money their parents earn or the color of their skin when parents are involved in the education process.\n\nStudents will experience better attendance, higher grades, higher test scores and higher rates of homework completion. High school graduation rates will improve, and enrollment rates to higher education increases. And when parents and educators work together on behalf of the child, even greater results are accomplished. The first thing parents can do is to read more at home with their children.\n\nJob Outlooks and Employability\n\nSkills and subjects based on future jobs are the areas that should be taught in school. It is also important to note that jobs will vary based on locations. The jobs in rural locations will continue to be more agricultural based, and possibly manufacturing based, in comparison to metropolitan cities. And, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, over 50 percent of job activities are at risk of being replaced by automation.\n\nSome jobs will continue to be important for the foreseeable future. These might include computer programming, plumbing and teaching. As the world faces more global issues, such as an increase in wildfires and ocean pollution, the need for STEM jobs continues to grow. The world needs students who can find and create solutions to these problems and students who are passionate about changing the ways of humanity to make the world a better place for everyone rather than a few. \n\nIn-Home Teacher\n\nIn many public schools, classroom sizes are growing and the quality of education is declining as teachers focus on test scores to keep their jobs rather than actual learning. If the curriculum of your school does not live up to your standards, try an in-home teacher.\n\nThe trend of hiring an in-home teacher is growing rapidly to ensure children do not fall behind their potential regardless of the circumstance. An in-home teacher, or tutor, is not terribly expensive today. You might consider a student teacher from a local college or an exceptional student within the school district.\n\nIf a school system is going to be truly successful today, it must look to the world as a reference point and embrace change and new direction away from the traditional models. Some aspects remain relevant; however, many other subjects and methodologies from the 20th Century may no longer have any importance in future job placement and educational success as it once did.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9893099069595337}
+{"content": "Anything you want to know about dimmers\n\nHow do Light Dimmers Work?\n\nA light dimmer works by essentially chopping parts out of the AC voltage. This allows only parts of the waveform to pass to the lamp. The brightness of the lamp is determined by the power transferred to it, so the more the waveform is chopped, the more it dims.\n\n\nTypically light dimmers are manufactured using a Triac or Thyristor as the power control device. These electronic parts are semiconductors not dissimilar to transistors. A Thyristor is a Uni.-directional device and hence, because AC power flows in both directions, two are needed. A triac is a bidirectional device and therefore only one is needed. An electronic circuit determines the point in time at which they turn ON (conduct). The ON state continues until the next zero-crossing point, at which point the device turns itself OFF. The electronic circuit then provides a delay, which equates to the dimness of the lamp, before turning the control device back on. The slight capacitance of the load, filters the chopped waveform resulting in a smooth light output.\n\nSome controllers use a microprocessor control with the above timing function being handled by an analogue circuit. More sophisticated systems, called digital dimmers, operate the switching direct from microprocessor. This has the advantage of greater reliability, quieter operation, lower cost and smaller controls.\n\nBelow is a typical picture of the mains sine wave, and a phase-controlled waveform.\n\nWhat is a dimmer?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6126291751861572}
+{"content": "Capricorn Full Moon\n\n\nCapricorn is a sign of collective responsibility. Not only do Caps take pride in knowing how to manage their own lives, they take it in their own hands to help manage the lives of those around them. This is not because they think they are superior; Capricorns thrive in an orderly world.\n\n\nDuring the full moon, we are at the peak of our monthly energetic cycle, with our manifestation powers at its highest. With the Capricorn need for collective achievement influencing us, take this time to connect, grow and build with close friends, communities you’re a part of and/or family. Communicate your visions with them. You will receive better insight into the roles the people in your life play.\n\n\nThe full moon is also a great time to get in touch with yourself on all levels. Utilize Cap’s traits of responsibility to tie up any loose ends in your life. Accept success. Get it together. Achieve your #goals.\n\n\n\n\nFeminine Expression Movement Workshop with guest host, James Mahkween\n\nStretch Meditation, Yoga, Strength Improvement & Community Connecting\n\nJune 27, 2018, 6-9:00pm\n\n$10 entry\n\nCheck out the organizers on Instagram!\n\n\n\n\n\nA Weekly Reiki Magick Ritual\n\n“I can do anythingggggggg, yea”\n\nI try to do this ritual every week on Sunday or Monday to set my weekly intentions and to set off long-term inner transformations. It takes about 40-45 minutes for me to complete the entire ritual, and my frequency is higher for the rest of the day.\n\nThis ritual is done using the Reiki CKR and DKM symbols, and a Reiki crystal grid. For those who do not have access to these symbols or a grid, I will include the modification.\n\n\nFirst, using the Reiki moving meditation, call in your guides, ancestors, loa, orisha, angels, higher power, and whoever else is here for your success. Once you have finished the meditation, hold the energy at heart center, palms still not touching, and state that with the energy you have built together, you send this to your ritual.\n\n[modification: simply sit in meditation and prayer until you feel the strength of the energy you have built up.]\n\n“God, Reiki masters, orisha, angels, benevolent ancestors and spirit guides… I send this powerful Reiki energy to my ritual. In this ritual, I will burn old intentions as a sacrifice to your love and power, and I set new ones to be charged under my Reiki crystal grid.”\n\n\nNow is time to set the space for the ritual and to begin burning your old intentions. If you do not have old intentions to burn, write down traits, relationships, places, etc. that you wish to leave behind and burn those.\n\nI set up my space by lighting all of my candles and pouring drops of patchouli oil onto their wax (not the flame). Patchouli is a great oil to use for bringing in wealth and abundance. After this, I take my long candle and use this to burn the papers. Safety tip! Place your papers in a pot, bowl or cup and take them outside along with your candle and some sage, patchouli oil, and some other herbs like rosemary. Once set up outside, light the sage and CKR your surroundings, yourself, and the pot with the papers/old intentions in it to clear away other energy. You will be the one setting the energy in the space.\n\n[modification: simply smudge yourself and your surroundings.]\n\nUsing the fire from your candle, light a piece of the sage or rosemary branch and drop it into your pot with the papers/old intentions in it. Pour in a couple drops of patchouli on the growing pile of ashes. You should be able to lightly smell the patchouli oil. If once the papers have stopped burning, and not all have turned into ash, take the pieces of visible paper and light those using the flame from the candle. Please don’t burn your fingers. Once they are lit, drop them into your pot and let them fuse out. Once all papers are ash, pour the ash into the Earth.\n\n\nNow, you can go back inside to set your new intentions. Write each new intention on separate slips of paper. Fold 3 times, writing the CKR symbol on each fold while chanting the CKR x3 each time you write it. Do this for all slips of paper. Once you are done writing, place all slips of paper into your Reiki crystal grid (assuming your grid is a pot with the crystal grid on the lid, like mine). Send Reiki and DKM to the grid while charging. Light up some incense. Thank your guides for their work and their love. Ashe.\n\n[modification #1: place intentions on an alter or underneath a large intention-setting crystal.]\n\n[modification #2: instead of sending Reiki, send prayer and give thanks.]\n\nReiki Moving Meditation\n\nI learned the Reiki Moving Meditation from my master teacher, Raana J. Brezenoff during my Reiki Lvl III training. It is also found in the Reiki Master Level manual by William Lee Rand. The meditation is done to increase Reiki energy and vitality. It’s great to do every morning to start your day off high, and it’s great any time you need a boost of energy. I do mine mostly every morning as an energy boost and an active prayer.\n\nThis meditation does use the DKM symbol, so for those who are unable to access the DKM symbol, modifications can be made.\n\n  1. Start standing, with your legs hip-distance apart. Shoulders back, take a confident stance. Part of the power is having confidence in your power. For those who have access to the DKM symbol, draw it on both palms while chanting DKM 3 times. Hold your palms close together without them touching and bring them to your heart center. Now, call in all guides, benevolent ancestors, Reiki masters of the past, your higher power, orisha, loa, angels and whoever else you want with you for this meditation. I call in all spirit guides, spirit, God, Archangel Michael, Archangel Gabriel, Oya, Oshun, Ellegua, Esu, Orunmila, benevolent ancestors to be with me for this Reiki Moving Meditation.”\n  2. Breathe. Chanting “DKM”, Lift your arms up, palms still facing each other, above your head. Turn the palms outward and bring your hands down around you as if tracing to outsides of your aura. Creating a circle, bring your arms slowly back to heart center, palms still not touching. Take a deep inhale… and twice as slowly, exhale audibly while pushing your palms down, clearing your lower chakras. Imagine pushing down all insecurities, fears, blocks, and hesitations into the Earth. Bring your hand back to start. Do this 3 times while chanting “DKM” each time.\n  3. Breathe. Repeat the same movements, this time chanting, “I establish my divine presence on Earth.” This is where those who do not have access to the DKM symbol can start. Do this movement + chant 3 more times.\n  4. Breathe. Repeat the same movements, now chanting, “I accomplish my divine purpose on Earth.” 3 more times.\n  5. Breathe. Now, repeat the same movements while bringing back in “DKM” x3.\n\nThat’s one set. About 5 minutes. You do however many sets you like. Me, I usually do one set because I can already start to feel the energy, and I’m usually on-the-go. After you finish the meditation, it’s great to send the Reiki energy you have built up to something or someone. I might call in Archangel Michael again and send the energy to cutting all energetic chords tied to me. I might send it to my crystal grid. I might send it through me to every person I encounter in that day. It’s all your choice.\n\nRaw Food Smoothie Recipe\n\n“If you’re not eating raw fruits and vegetables, or juicing, you’re not getting all the nutrients you need out of your food.”\n\n\n  1. Ginger\n  2. Pineapple\n  3. Apple\n  4. Cilantro\n  5. Almond Milk (make sure that the milk you are buying is made with either a natural sweetener or cane sugar, not just “Sugar”)\n  6. Chia Seeds\n  7. Lemon\n\n\nI usually cut up a whole apple (no core) and make the rest of what I’m using equal to that. Then I pour my almond milk to the top of my raw food ingredients and add the chia seeds. You do not have to let the chia seeds soak because you will be blending them completely.\n\n\nThe blender I use is the NutriBullet, which is great for making smoothies and shakes. I blend my ingredients on “High” and stop it once everything has blended together and I no longer see chunks of the raw food or seeds. This makes the pulp, which is where most of the nutrients of the food are, part of the drink, instead of being chunky pieces of the drink I want to take out. Don’t forget to shake up the blender a little to mix up the ingredients that the blades might have missed!\n\nOnce everything is blended and smoothie-like, you’re good to go. The flavor of this drink is sweet with hints of !!! from the ginger and cilantro.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6459312438964844}
+{"content": "Our Universe Is a Cosmic Mixologist Looking for the Recipe of Life\n\nCreating the conditions of interstellar space in the lab has led to a sweet discovery\n\nThe Egg Nebula, as imaged by Hubble, is a protoplanetary nebula with a young star in its core [NASA/ESA]\n\nWhat do you get if you combine water with methanol and then bombard the mix with radiation? It turns out that the resulting cocktail is where the building blocks for life are found. But these chemicals aren’t bubbling out of the puddles of primordial goo pooling on some alien planet; the cocktail shaker is the frigid depths of interstellar space and the mixologist is the universe.\n\nAs described in a new study published on Tuesday in Nature Communications, a team of NASA scientists took what they knew of interstellar space and recreated it in a laboratory experiment. Interstellar space may not seem like a place where the chemistry of life could gain a foothold, but given enough time and the right ingredients, chemical reactions do happen — albeit very slowly. And if there’s one thing the universe has it’s time, and we’re beginning to understand that the cosmos we reside in could be a vast organic experiment.\n\n“The universe is an organic chemist,” said Scott Sandford, a senior scientist in the NASA Ames Astrophysics and Astrochemistry Laboratory and co-investigator of the study. “It has big beakers and lots of time — and the result is a lot of organic material, some of which is useful to life.” \n\nTo see what chemistry might be going on in the void between the stars, the researchers simulated this extreme environment inside a vacuum chamber at Ames that was cooled to near-absolute zero. Inside, they placed an aluminum substance and then added the gaseous mixture of water vapor and methanol, a very common carbon-based molecule that is known to exist throughout our galaxy. Holding the aluminum at such low temperatures caused a frosty layer to form upon it. Then, they irradiated the substance with ultraviolet light — a form of radiation that is abundant in stellar nurseries, for example — and found that some interesting chemical reactions had occurred.\n\nThey discovered that a variety of sugar derivatives had formed on the substance — and one of those sugars was 2-deoxyribose. Yes, the same stuff you’d find in deoxyribonucleic acid. That’s the “D” in our DNA.\n\nBut this isn’t the first time an essential ingredient for life has been created in the lab while simulating the conditions of interstellar space. In 2009, the same team announced the discovery of uracil in their laboratory experiments — a key component of ribonucleic acid (RNA), which is central to protein synthesis in living systems. Also, in 2016, a French group discovered the formation of ribose, the sugar found in RNA.\n\n“For more than two decades we’ve asked ourselves if the chemistry we find in space can make the kinds of compounds essential to life. So far, we haven’t picked a single broad set of molecules that can’t be produced,” said Sandford in a NASA statement. \n\nAlthough these are significant discoveries that provide new insights to how and where the most basic ingredients for life may form, it’s a long way from helping us understand whether or not life is common throughout the universe. But it turns out that some of the coldest spaces in the cosmos could also be the most fertile environments for the formation of a range of chemicals that are essential for life on Earth. It’s not such a reach, then, to realize that the protoplanetary disks surrounding young stars will also contain these chemicals and, as planets form, these chemicals become an intrinsic ingredient in young planets, asteroids and comets. Over four billion years ago, when the planets condensed from our baby Sun’s nebulous surroundings, Earth may have formed with just the right abundance of molecules that form the backbone of DNA and RNA to kick-start the genesis of life on our planet. Or those ingredients were delivered here later in the frozen cores of ancient comets and asteroids.\n\nThe building blocks of life are probably everywhere, but what “spark” binds these chemicals in such a way that allows life to evolve? This question is probably well beyond our understanding for now, but it seems that if you give our Cosmic Mixologist enough time to concoct all the chemicals for life, life will eventually emerge from the cocktail.\n\nGreat Balls of ‘Space Mud’ May Have Built Earth and Delivered Life’s Ingredients\n\nArtist’s impression of the molten surface of early Earth (NASA)\n\nWhen imagining how our planet formed 4.6 billion years ago from the protoplanetary disk surrounding our sun, images of large pieces of marauding space rock slamming into the molten surface of our proto-Earth likely come to mind.\n\nBut this conventional model of planetary creation may be missing a small, yet significant, detail. Those massive space rocks may not have been the conventional solid asteroids — they might have been massive balls of space mud.\n\nThis strange detail of planetary evolution is described in a new study published in the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) journal Science Advances and it kinda makes logical sense.\n\nUsing the wonderfully-named Mars and Asteroids Global Hydrology Numerical Model (or “MAGHNUM”), planetary scientists Phil Bland (Cornell University) and Bryan Travis (Planetary Science Institute) simulated the movement of material inside primordial carbonaceous chondrite asteroids — i.e. the earliest asteroids that formed from the sun’s protoplanetary disk that eventually went on to become the building blocks for Earth.\n\nA simulated cross section of a 200-meter wide asteroid showing its internal temperature profile and convection currents (temperatures in Celsius). Credit: PSI\n\nIt turns out that these first asteroids weren’t cold and solid lumps of rock at all. By simulating the distribution of rock grains inside these asteroids, the researchers realized that the internal heat of the objects would have melted the icy volatiles inside, which then mixed with the fine dust particles. Convection would have then dominated a large portion of these asteroids, causing continuous mixing of water and dust. Like a child squishing a puddle of dirt to create sloppy “mud pies,” this convection would have formed a ball of, you guessed it, space mud.\n\nTravis points out that “these bodies would have accreted as a high-porosity aggregate of igneous clasts and fine-grained primordial dust, with ice filling much of the pore space. Mud would have formed when the ice melted from heat released from decay of radioactive isotopes, and the resulting water mixed with fine-grained dust.”\n\nIn other words: balls of mud held together by mutual gravity, gently convected by the heat produced by the natural decay of radioactive materials.\n\nShould this model hold up to further scrutiny, it has obvious implications for the genesis of life on Earth and could impact the study of exoplanets and their habitable potential. The ingredients for life on Earth originated in the primordial protoplanetary soup, but until now the assumption has been that the space rocks carrying water and other chemicals were solid and frozen. If they were in fact churning away in space as dynamic mud asteroids, they could have been the “pressure cookers” that delivered those ingredients to Earth’s surface.\n\nSo the next question would be: how did these exotic asteroids shape life on Earth?\n\nEnceladus Could Be a Cosmic Shaker for the Cocktail of Life\n\nNASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute\n\n\n\n\nThe Cocktail Of Life\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDeep In The Enceladus Abyss\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAstroengine Gets Quoted in National Geographic\n\nThe December 2010 edition of National Geographic\nThe December 2010 edition of National Geographic\n\n\n\n\n\nThank you National Geographic!\n\n\nI think I need to blog more…\n\nDead On Arrival: Necropanspermia Spawned Life on Earth?\n\nAre those Martian fossils in meteorite ALH84001? (NASA)\nAre those Martian fossils in meteorite ALH84001? (NASA)\n\nPanspermia” is a hypothesis that life is transferred from planet-to-planet and star system-to-star system through some interplanetary or interstellar means.\n\nBut for panspermia to work, this life needs to be sufficiently protected — and, um, kept alive — from the worst the universe can throw at it (such as radiation, cold and vacuum). Alas, when considering interstellar hops, the timescales are likely too long (i.e. millions of years) and said life will be dead on arrival.\n\nWe know that Earth Brand™ life is a pretty hardy thing. After all, we’ve tortured terrestrial microbes and mosquito larvae in the vacuum of space to see if they’d pop. Sure enough, when brought back to terra firma the various creatures wriggled and squirmed as if nothing had happened. But these experiments in orbit were carried out over the course of months or years. While this might be suitable for interplanetary transfers, it would take millions of years for an extraterrestrial interloper to traverse even a modest interstellar gap.\n\nAny hitchhikers that were alive on a stellar wind-blown particle will be toast (or, more accurately: freeze-dried, pulverized, mashed-up, DNA-shredded mess) on reaching their exotic destination eons later.\n\nWhat good are tiny alien fossils when the panspermia model is supposed to seed other worlds with life… that’s actually alive?\n\nEnter a new incarnation of pansermia: “Necropanspermia.”\n\nConceived by Paul Wesson, of Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics in Canada, necropanspermia is the transfer of the information of life to new worlds, wriggling extraterrestrial bacterium not required.\n\nAssuming alien microbial life has made the trip across interstellar space, died and then fossilized, Wesson reckons the information contained within the long-dead microbe could be used as some kind of template by a hospitable world to use and grow new life. (It’s not quite zombie science, but it’s hard not to say “reanimated alien corpse.”)\n\nWesson even goes so far to suggest ET’s microbial remains can be “resurrected.”\n\n“Resurrection may, however, be possible.” Wesson concludes in his Space Science Reviews paper. “Certain micro-organisms possess remarkably effective enzyme systems that can repair a multitude of strand breaks.”\n\nHypothesizing about various forms of panspermia may seem more like a philosophical argument, but Wesson suggests that we might be able to find evidence for necropanspermia if we collect some dust samples from the outermost reaches of the solar system, far enough away from Earth’s biological pollution.\n\nAlas, as the Hayabusa asteroid mission has proven, capturing dust from anywhere in space isn’t easy.\n\nRead more about necropanspermia in my Discovery News article “Life on Earth Spawned by Dead Alien Microbes?\n\nIngredients for Life on Gliese 581g?\n\nCredit: Lynette Cook\n\nJust in case you haven’t heard, astronomers have released news about an “Earth-like” exoplanet orbiting within the “Goldilocks zone” of a star some 20 light-years away. This is awesome, but does it mean Gliese 581g is habitable? Does it mean life is already slithering across its surface?\n\nJudging by an exuberant claim by Steven Vogt, professor of astronomy and astrophysics at University of California Santa Cruz, one would think we now know there’s life on this strangely familiar world.\n\n“Personally, given the ubiquity and propensity of life to flourish wherever it can, I would say that the chances for life on this planet are 100 percent. I have almost no doubt about it,” Vogt told Discovery News when the announcement broke on Wednesday.\n\n\nWhy did he say that his personal view was that the chances for life on Gliese 581g are 100%? At first glance, it is easy to see where he’s coming from.\n\nGoldilocks Zone\n\nFirstly, the exoplanet orbits close to a small red dwarf star (called Gliese 581), with a fast-paced orbit of 37 days. This is important as the energy output of a red dwarf is tiny when compared to our Sun (which is a yellow dwarf star, in case you were wondering) — to receive an equivalent amount of heating as the Earth, Gliese 581g needs to be much closer to its star.\n\nAlso, it isn’t orbiting too close. It is within the habitable zone (or the “Goldilocks zone,” i.e., a zone that’s not too hot or too cold) of the system. Therefore there’s a high probability that if water is present on its surface, it’s likely to be in liquid form. The presence of liquid water would be exciting as Earth Brand™ life likes liquid water.\n\nSecondly, Gliese 581g is small for an exoplanet discovered thus far. Weighing in at a minimum mass of 3x that of the Earth, it could certainly have some Earth-like qualities. This has another implication; the world has enough gravitational oomph to hold onto an atmosphere — another ingredient that life seems to like (assuming it’s not of the bone-crushing, lead-boiling, Venus-type atmosphere).\n\nIt’s Complicated\n\nBut there’s a few complications. To be within the habitable zone of its parent star, Gliese 581g will be “tidally locked.” This means that one side of the exoplanet will always be facing the star. On the far side (or, indeed, the “dark side”) it will be cold whilst the near side will always be hot. Having one perpetual day doesn’t sound very Earth-like to me. But there is an upside to this strange orbit.\n\n“This planet doesn’t have days and nights. Wherever you are on this planet, the sun is in the same position all the time. You have very stable zones where the ecosystem stays the same temperature… basically forever,” Vogt said. “If life can evolve, it’s going to have billions and billions of years to adapt to the surface.”\n\nSo a tidally-locked planet could have a stable atmosphere and perhaps life could evolve as a result. What could be considered to be a negative has just become a positive.\n\nWith all this good news, why wouldn’t life be thriving on this world?\n\nUnknowns and Assumptions\n\nThere’s still a lot of unknowns and assumptions being made. For a start, the presence of Gliese 581g was detected by measuring the “wobble” of the star as the exoplanet orbits (its gravity tugs on the star as it circles). Therefore its mass and orbital radius can be derived. But we have no information about its atmosphere; the world doesn’t pass in front (or “transit”) the star from our perspective, so we can’t get a peek into its atmosphere.\n\nTherefore we have zero clue as to whether it even has an atmosphere. It might not have an atmosphere, but then again it could have a very thick atmosphere — two extremes that would would put a stop to any Earth Brand™ life evolving. Also, we have zero clue if there’s any water there, it’s just guesswork that suggests there might be. There’s also the huge unknown as to whether life is ubiquitous in the cosmos or not.\n\nBread in the Oven\n\nIt’s a bit like baking a loaf of bread when you have all the necessary ingredients to make bread, but you have no clue about what quantities to use. Gliese 581g appears to have most of the ingredients for life (and with a few assumptions, it has all the ingredients for life), but we only have a general idea as to what quantities these ingredients come in.\n\nIf you threw flour, water and yeast straight into the breadmaker in random quantities, would you get a loaf of bread? What if you forgot to add the yeast?\n\nGliese 581g is that breadmaker. Unfortunately we have no clue if it can make bread.\n\nFor more on this incredible discovery, read Irene Klotz’s Discovery News article: “Earth-Like Planet Can Sustain Life\n\nCassini Detects Salt: Enceladus Probably Has a Liquid Ocean\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: New Scientist\n\nCeres: Life? Pluto: Not So Much\n\nThe dwarf planet soap opera continues\n\nThe dwarf planet Ceres. Fuzzy (NASA/Hubble)\nThe dwarf planet Ceres. Fuzzy (NASA/Hubble)\n\n\n\nThe Search For Life, What’s the Point?\n\nAnother mission, another brave “search for life”…\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8281118869781494}
+{"content": "Latin American Chage Essay\n\n3036 words - 12 pages\n\nOver the course of the past half-millennium, the 33 countries that now comprise Latin America and the Caribbean have gone through drastic change. Since the discovery of the New World in 1492, each country has gone through some level of colonization by a European power and transition to its current state. During this period the regions have seen political, social, religious and economic transformations of various degrees. Nevertheless, many scholars argue that regardless of the changes encountered, many are merely on the surface with little to no meaningful change instilled. A Variety of leaders have attempted to improve their country by both conservative and liberal means. Despite these attempts, though, the underlying foundation of colonial ideals remains.The colonial period began with the discovery of Hispaniola by Christopher Columbus in 1492 and most Latin American countries gained their independence in the nineteenth century. The colonization of Latin America and the Caribbean was dominated by the Iberian countries with small colonies established by the French, English and Dutch. Regardless of the nationality of the colonizers, almost all of the colonies shared basic characteristics, which have persevered over time in some way or another. It is possible to organize the traits of these colonies into four distinct categories: economic development, religious and social mixing, racial and ethnic mixing and political structures.There were two basic industries found in the New World that shaped their economies: agriculture and mining. Both of these required tremendous labor input to match the demand of continental Europe. Goods such as sugar, cotton, coffee, indigo, tobacco, silver and copper were produced and exported in great quantities. At a very early point in the development of the colonies it was understood that the European settlers weren?t willing to do the physical labor themselves; instead African slaves were brought to the New World in order to work on the plantations. When the situation arose that African slaves didn?t adapt to the conditions properly, Native Indians were forced to labor.This subjugation of Africans and the indigenous populations has had dramatic effects on society. As most regions emancipated the slaves sometime in the mid eighteenth century, a social pyramid developed where white elite?s at the top, mulatto landowners and poor whites in the middle and Blacks and Indians at the bottom. This social structure developed into the stereotypical and racist notions found in most regions today. Regardless of the change in government, sweeping social change has not occurred and almost all of these two groups remain poor.The plantation was the center of the agriculture life. Large-scale agriculture is still important as many countries rely on these products as they put large strain on export ?oriented growth. Only recently has there been any significant attempts at industrialization and many countries are economically...\n\nFind Another Essay On Latin American Chage\n\nEnlightenment Thought in New Zealand Schools\n\n1594 words - 6 pages [1784]). What is Enlightenment? In I. Kramnick (Ed.), The Portable Enlightenment Reader (pp. 1-7). New York: Penguin. Kramnick, I. (1995). Introduction. In The Portable Enlightenment Reader. (pp. ix-xxiv). New York: Penguin. Kramnick, I. (1995). The American Declaration of Independence. In. The Portable Enlightenment Reader, (pp. 448-452). New York: Penguin. Mallard, T. (2001). Speech to Auckland Primary Principals’ Association. http\n\nPsychological Egoism Theory Essay\n\n\nHow Celtic Folkore has Influenced My Family\n\n\nJulia Margaret Cameron\n\n\nEvaluation of School Improvement\n\n\nCase Study: The Benefits of Animal Testing\n\n1757 words - 7 pages . Scientific American Inc: 1989. Print. “Animal Welfare Act as of February 1, 2010.” Animal Welfare Information Center. United ​States Department of Agriculture. 8 Nov. 2011. PDF. 19 Nov. 2011. “Fast Facts on Diabetes.” National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. ​National Institute of Health. Feb. 2011. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. “FastStats.” Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. ​6 Sept. 2011. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. Frankie Trull. “Animals in Research is Critical to Continued Progress in Human Health.” Ed. Jeanne Williams. The Society for Advancement of Education: 1989. Print.\n\n\n1531 words - 6 pages realism differs from pure fantasy primarily because it is set in a normal, modern world with authentic descriptions of humans and society” (Moore, 1998). When I think of magic realism, I think of the many people who Stan Lee, an American comic book writer, discovered such as Jyothi Rai, the Ultimate Climber, a man who could climb walls at a very fast speed and Byron Ferguson, the Super Archer, a man who could hit any moving target with an arrow\n\nAdiponectin: a Novel Indicator of Malnutrition and Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients\n\n\n\n\nSelective Exposition in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson\n\n\n\n\nSimilar Essays\n\nDepiction Of Latinos In 20th Century Film\n\n2534 words - 10 pages nationality, and he hesitantly but emphatically states \"I?m Puerto Rican!\" This claim to his true heritage makes it easier for the audience to accept his mild identity crisis. Although some would consider him a \"sell out,\" Davina Coard, in her final project entitled, Assimilation in Latin American Culture, argues \"that no matter what he wears or how he speaks or even if he changes his name he will never be [Italian].\" I agree with her assesment that\n\nWhen The Bubble Burst Essay\n\n\nPhase Diagram Essay\n\n\nRevolutionary Work Of Art Essay\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5388345718383789}
+{"content": "\n\nTaking an Interior Design Course via Distance Education\n\nModern technology has transformed the way people can learn. If you don't have easy access to an interior design course in the classroom, consider going the distance education route. Want to brush up on continuing education courses or have other commitments that make classroom time difficult? You can find entire programs online or take specific courses. To learn more about taking an interior design course via distance education, check these resources:\n\n• Check the American Society of Interior Designers (ASID at They offer self directed electronic and text continuing education courses. Learn about everything from ADA access to finish and furniture selection.\n\n• The National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA at has a kitchen e-course where you can learn all about the kitchen planning.\n\n• Go to the American Institute of Architects (AIA at You can select a range of e-courses including business design practices, lighting design, and green design.\n\n• Visit the Web site for All Art Schools at or Schools of Interior Design at to find interior design programs online.\n\nInterior Design Degree Frequently Asked Questions\n\n\nWhat opportunities exist for an interior designer in an architecture firm?\n\nHow should I approach my search for interior design jobs?\n\nWhere can I find interior design jobs?\n\nWhat kind of salary can I expect as an interior designer?\n\nWhat are some niche career areas for interior design?\n\nWhat sources can I go to for interior design career information?\n\n\n\nWhat is the current trend for the interior design field?\n\nWhat type of person is suited for an interior design career?\n\n\n\n\n\n\nShould I consider a program that is not accredited by FIDER?\n\n\nDo employers place importance on the interior design degree?\n\n\nCan I take an online program accredited in interior design?\n\n\n\n\n\nIs accreditation important for an interior design program?\n\n\nShould I enroll in an interior design correspondence course?\n\nWhat can I expect from the interior design studio course?\n\nWhat will I learn in a professional practice class?\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhat is the importance of getting your Interior Design License?\n\nIs there a good way to study for the NCIDQ examination?\n\nAre there deadlines to apply for my interior design licensing exam?\n\nWhat are the licensing laws regarding interior designers?\n\nWhat is the title act in interior design legislation mean?\n\nWhat is the practice act?\n\nWhat does the self-certification legislation for interior designers mean?\n\nWhat is the permitting statute for interior designers?\n\nWhat is it like working as a corporate interior design professional?\n\nWhat is feng shui interior design?\n\n\n\nWhat is interior architecture design?\n\nWhat does a set designer do?\n\nWhat does a retail store designer do?\n\nCan you tell me about the role of a kitchen designer?\n\nWhat does a bath designer do?\n\nWhat does a lighting designer do?\n\n\nHow should I go about putting my portfolio together?\n\nHow can I get my interior design portfolio to stand out?\n\n\nWhat is an alternative option for creating an interior design portfolio?\n\nIs there a preferred portfolio format by interior design employers?\n\nShould I explain my interior design portfolio during the interview process?\n\n\n\nWhat types of pieces should I put in my design portfolio?\n\nWhat options do I have for a portfolio case?\n\nHow can I keep my portfolio updated and interesting?\n\nHow do I find the best interior design schools?\n\n\n\n\n\nWhat are the current school of interior design rankings?\n\nWhat do I need to apply to an interior design school?\n\nHow can I get information on an interior design program?\n\n\n\nIs there any value in getting a graduate interior design education?\n\n\n\n\n\nWhere can I look for a job as an interior decorator?\n\nWhere can I find coursework on interior decorating?\n\nCan I get a visual merchandiser job as an interior decorator?\n\nCan you tell me about a career as a flooring estimator?\n\n\nIs it possible to start an interior decorator business from scratch?\n\nIs there a professional organization for interior decorators?\n\nHow important is getting an interior design internship?\n\nHow can I find an interior design internship?\n\n\n\nWhat student competitions are out there in interior design?\n\nWhat design software is industry standard for interior designers?\n\nHow should I put together my interior design resume?\n\nWhat are interior design employers looking for in a candidate?\n\nWhat questions will I be asked in an interior design interview?\n\n\n\nAre there any interior designers that become famous?\n\n\nGuru Spotlight\nSusan Sayour", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7598841190338135}
+{"content": "\n\nRoman Food – Small voice, Great deli – Antica Caciara\n\nSubdued voice, Great deli: Antica Caciara in Trastevere.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRicette Weekend – pasta noir: Edgar Allan Poe\n\nRicette letterarie – Edgar Allan Poe\n\n“… La tua figura dalla mia porta! / Disse il Corvo, ‘Mai più’. ”\nIl corvo\n\nPer la pasta:\n500 grammi maccheroncini\nUn metronomo\n10 mazzancolle, sbucciate e pulite\n8 pomodori freschi maturi\n1 cipolla\n1 spicchio di aglio\nPetali di rosa\n\nPer il carciofo ripieno:\n20 olive nere molto\n1 cuore di carciofo gigante\n* Un corvo vivo\n* Se il vostro negozio di animali locale non può procurare un corvo, un uccello selvatico qualsiasi può sostituirlo. Basto che ha un becco.\n\nServe 5.\n\nAccenda il metronomo. Afferra il corvo per le zampe e appenderlo a testa in giù davanti alla finestra. (Non importa se urla.) Riempie la pentola con acqua e metterla su un fornello, per dopo. Accenda il forno.\nAfferra un coltello da macellaio. Macella i pomodori a metà, poi in quarti, poi in ottavi, sempre a tempo con il metronomo. (Non prestare attenzione allo succo rosso che schizza e gocciola sui muri. Si puo pulire più tardi.) Inizia a pizzicare il corvo. Se protesta, magari battendo la finestra col suo becco, tagliolo la testa. (Questo servirà anche per fermare qualsiasi urletto dal suo becco.) Adesso che c’e un po meno casino, trita finemente la sua carne dopo d’aver disossato. Aggiusta il sale e il pepe. Trita l’aglio con forza in tanti piccoli pezzi irregolari, poi la cipolla, e infine le olive – ma con una gentile cautela agevola il basilico su un morbido letto di petali di rosa che avrai preparato la sera prima.\n\nSi prenda una pausa. Farti un bel drink.\nMetta una padella a fuoco alto e versa dentro un flusso d’olio che sgorga. Ascoltalo mentre comincia a bollire, poi scaglia la cipolla e l’aglio macellato nella padella. Attenda che il risultante sfrigolare si placa: le cipolle suderanno, l’aglio perdera le sue ultime gocce di sapore. Ora tira dentro anche i pomodori e guarda come la loro pelle si stacca dalla carne rossa, arricciolando, sformandosi nel calore. Mescola, e aspetta che l’olio e i succhi si mescolano finche non diventano una salsa rossa scintillante. Controlla il basilico per vedere se si sta riposando pacificamente.\nPrenditi una altra pausa. Farti un’altro drink. Poi farti un pisolino. Fai attenzione, ormai siamo intimi, ad eventuali incubi che gli odori della cucina potrebbero provocare.\n\nSvegliati di colpo. Hai dimenticato di farcire il cuore! Presto, presto, tagli, tagli, tagli via il grasso e le parti duri, la cartilagine gommosa e le vene per arrivare al suo interno, il colore rosso intenso…ehm, ovvero verde, (evitiamo di ricordare che è un vegetale.). Ingrandisci l’apertura tirando con le tue mani, lacerando, strappando, ma sbrighi! L’acqua bolle gia’! La pasta! La pasta! Sali l’acqua, presto, presto versi la pasta. Sbrigati! Metti la farcita del corvo tritato, olive, rosmarino e pepe mescolato nel cuore sanguinante. Mettilo in una teglia e poi in forno, caldo come l’inferno, per 15 minuti. SPEGNI quel CAZZO di metronomo! Mescoli la pasta, mescoli ancora più veloce, poi controlli che il basilico dolce riposa ancora pacificamente sui profumati petali di rosa.\nA questo punto aggiungi i gamberoni pre-puliti e sbucciati nella salsa – per 4 minuti. Spegni il forno e con cautela prendi il basilico e portalo sopra la pasta. Adesso – strappalo a brandelli nella salsa. (Solo quanto basilico serve, mai più.) Mescoli la pasta con tanta forza. Rimuovi il cuore del carciofo gigante dal forno e postalo al centro di un grande piatto da portata e sistemi la pasta intorno ad esso. Posizioni la testa del corvo in cima. Fara la sua porca figura.\n\nLa ricetta:\n\n\n4 carciofi\nBrodo di pollo\nParmigiano grattugiato\n3-4 spicchi d’aglio schiacciati\n20-24 pomodorini\nPrezzemolo tritato\n400 grammi di maccheroni\n8-12 di medie dimensioni gamberetti\nL’olio extra vergine di oliva\nDosi per 4 persone.\n\nNon provate questa ricetta a casa. Ma se ti ostini a fare qualcosa di simile, 4 carciofi puliti – tagliateli a 16simi, ponendo i pezzi in una ciotola di acqua ghiacciata di limone per impedire loro di imbrunire. Poi li pone al di fuori verso il basso in una grande casseruola riempita da uno strato di brodo di pollo di circa 2-3 centimetri, grattugiare un po ‘di parmigiano sopra, coprire e cuocere a fuoco basso medio fino a quando i pezzi di carciofi sono teneri. Nel frattempo metti una pentola d’acqua salata a bollire e insaporire un po ‘di olio d’oliva in una padella a fuoco basso con qualche spicchio d’aglio schiacciato. Togliere l’aglio dopo 2-3 minuti. Taglia 20-24 pomodorini in 4, e poi tritate finemente il prezzemolo. Quando i cuori di carciofo sono pronti e sono stati prosciugati e la pasta, (400 grammi,) è a 3 minuti circa da fine cottura, saltate 8-12 gamberi a fuoco medio-vivace, aggiungere i pomodorini un minuto dopo. Scolare la pasta e mescolare con il prezzemolo e carciofi, cospargere con un po ‘di olio extra vergine di oliva e servire subito. Decorare la tavola con i petali di rosa, se è necessario. Accompagnare con un vino bianco mezzo strutturato vino. Serve 4 persone e un corvo.\n\nLink: An Edgar A. Poe-feast: https://foodinbooks.com/2016/07/25/the-pit-and-the-pendulum-by-edgar-allan-poe/\n\n\nTuesday Old notes: The Relationship Between Empathy and Reading Fiction\n\nOld notes: The Relationship Between Empathy and Reading Fiction:\n\n\n\nJohn Stansfield1,\nLouise Bunce2\n  1. Independent Researcher, UK\n  2. University of Winchester, UK\n\n\nResearch suggests that both life-time experience of reading fiction and the extent to which a reader feels ‘transported’ by the narrative are associated with empathy. This study examined these relationships further by delineating empathy into cognitive and affective components. Thirty-three participants were tested on prior exposure to fiction, transportation, and different measures of cognitive empathy, affective empathy and helping tendency. The results revealed that exposure to fiction was associated with trait cognitive, but not affective, empathy, while the experience of being transported was associated with story-induced affective empathy. Story-induced affective empathy was also associated with helping tendency. The results are discussed by considering implications for relationships between reactions to fictional worlds and reactions to real-world behaviours.\n\nKeywords: cognitive empathyaffective empathyreading fictiontransportationhelping behaviour.\nReading fiction can be a deeply absorbing experience. Readers commonly refer to the experience of being lost in a book (Nell, 1988), or being transported to a different world (Gerrig, 1993). However, relatively little attention has been paid to the mental processes associated with reading fiction, and how they relate to thoughts and behaviours in the real world. The current study examined the relationships among different aspects of fiction reading, i.e. life-time exposure to fictional stories and the immediate experience of being transported by a story, and two components of empathy: cognitive and affective. Cognitive empathy is the ability to understand the world from another person’s point of view and to infer beliefs and intentions, whereas affective empathy refers to the capacity to share another’s feelings and emotions (Blair, 2005).\nMuch of fiction is concerned with protagonists’ understandings and misunderstandings of the beliefs and motives of other characters and is only comprehensible if the reader is exercising cognitive empathy (Lodge, 2002; Zunshine, 2007). Affective empathy has also been proposed as an essential component of the understanding and enjoyment of fiction (Hogan, 2010). Indeed, Hogan (2010) has argued that literary representations of emotion may be ‘purer’ than those encountered in real-life, and thus have the power to enhance individuals’ affective empathic responses. In addition to the cognitive and affective empathy that is continuously exercised in ‘real-world’ social situations, it has been suggested that a separate component of empathy underlies the tendency to be transported by fictional stories and identify with their characters (Davis, 1980). An interesting question therefore arises as to the relationships between real-world practices of cognitive and affective empathy, and the ability to be transported by reading fiction.\nReading fictional stories has been found to be associated with the development of empathy in children, suggesting that there is an important link between the empathy felt for fictional characters and the ability to empathise with people in reality (Adrian, Clemente, Villaneuva & Rieffe, 2005Aram & Aviram, 2009Mar, Tackett & Moore, 2010). Harris (2000) has suggested that there is continuity between children’s and adults’ engagement with fictional and real worlds. However, relatively few studies have examined the relationship between reading fiction and expressions of real-world empathy in adults.\nIn two studies by Mar and colleagues, college students were tested on lifetime prior exposure to fictional texts and measures of empathy. Mar, Oatley, Hirsh, dela Paz and Peterson (2006) found that the amount of fiction students had previously read predicted performance on a measure of empathy requiring participants to infer mental states from photographs of people’s eyes (the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ [RME] test; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste & Plumb, 2001). The correlational design of this study meant that inferences could not be drawn in relation to the causal link between exposure to fiction and performance on the empathy related task. Thus, it is, as of yet, unclear as to whether fiction-reading was the cause of greater empathic ability, whether people high in empathy are more drawn to read fiction, or whether there was an alternative unidentified variable that explained the association. One alternative explanation, that individual differences in personality were causally related to both exposure to fiction and empathy, was eliminated by Mar, Oatley and Peterson (2009). They found a positive relationship between exposure to fiction and ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ despite controlling for the Big 5 personality variable of ‘openness to experience’.\nMar et al. (2006) did find a measure of social ability that was negatively associated with exposure to fiction: the Interpersonal Perception Task -15 (IPT-15; Costanzo & Archer, 1989). This task measures the ability to decode social relationships represented in video clips using non-verbal cues, and was found by Costanzo and Archer (1989) to be highly correlated with peer ratings of social skills. These results suggest that there may be a more complex relationship between reading fiction and empathy.\nOne possibility is that reading fiction has a stronger relationship with cognitive empathy, than with affective empathy. According to Lodge (2002), a characteristic of literary fiction is that it is able to provide detailed moment-by-moment descriptions of the inner thoughts and feelings of its protagonists, thereby providing rich opportunities for readers to experience cognitive empathy. In contrast, other fictional forms such as plays and films can offer representations of the external behaviours of their characters, but are less suited to the representation of internal thoughts and feelings. Based on the findings of their research study, Mar and colleagues (2006) suggested that an association between fiction-reading and cognitive empathy might explain why the RME measure positively correlated with exposure to fiction. They argued that the RME test is a measure of cognitive empathy insofar as it relies on matching a verbal descriptor to a depiction of a mental state, but does not necessarily require the participant to share the emotion concerned. The IPT-15, however, is more concerned with decoding embodied emotional cues and might therefore be taken as a measure of affective empathy, thus explaining why it was not associated with prior exposure to fiction. Thus, an aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that prior exposure to the reading of fiction is positively associated with cognitive empathy abilities but not with affective empathy.\nWhile the Mar et al. studies considered the relationships between prior exposure to fiction and empathy, other studies have examined empathic responses to specific fictional texts. One variable that has been found to affect the relationship between fiction-reading and empathy is termed ‘transportation’ (Johnson, 2012). Using Green and Brock’s (2000) Transportation Index (which measures the extent to which a reader has been absorbed by a story’s characters, plot and imagery) and the Affective Empathy Index (Batson, Early & Salvarani, 1997), Johnson (2012) found a positive relationship between affective empathy and transportation in college students. That is, participants who reported being absorbed in a story also subsequently reported higher levels of emotions that have been associated with affective empathy, such as warmth, compassion and sympathy. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between the level of affective empathy and performance in a subsequent ‘real-world’ helping task in which participants were presented with an opportunity to help pick up some pens that had been ‘accidentally’ dropped by the researcher. This study was also correlational in design, meaning that no inferences could be drawn about a causal link between transportation and affective empathy. However, immediately prior to reading the story, baseline measures of trait tendencies to be transported by fiction and to feel affective empathy were taken. By controlling for these, Johnson was able to strongly suggest that there may be a direct link between reading-induced experiences of affective empathy and helping behaviour, unaccounted for by an underlying tendency to be easily transported or experience affective empathy.\nIn addition to this, Bal and Veltkamp (2013) found that participants who were assigned to read a fictional story showed increased levels of affective empathy, but only when highly transported. Participants assigned to read a piece of non-fiction showed no increase in empathy. Both the Johnson (2012) and Bal and Veltkamp (2013) studies found associations between transportation and affective empathy, but did not specifically test for a relationship between transportation and cognitive empathy. Thus, an additional aim of the current study was to test for associations between transportation and both cognitive and affective empathy.\nConsidering the previous studies, it may be overly simplistic to propose a single relationship between reading fiction and empathy. Individual differences in reading fiction can be examined in relation to how much someone has read over their life-time, and also how transported they have been by a particular story. Furthermore, individual differences in empathy can be assessed in relation to both cognitive and affective empathy. The present study was thus designed to explore individual differences in life-time exposure to reading fiction, transportation, and cognitive and affective empathy. In line with Mar et al. (20062009) it was hypothesised that exposure to fiction would positively relate to cognitive empathy but not necessarily to affective empathy. Conversely, in line with Johnson (2012) and Bal and Veltkamp (2013) it was predicted that transportation by a piece of fiction would relate to levels of affective empathy and subsequent helping tendencies, but not necessarily to exposure to fiction or cognitive empathy.\n\nMethod (read the study at the link above)\n\ncomment: some semantic differences a bit connected to our language, and my (as a few friends – Susan – are a bit too well aware) borrowing terms but placing them as expressions of and for other models where they assume a different flavor.\nNarrative, as I’m using it here, is inexorably tied to present expressed time and is singular. I’m fairly certain (of course it’s a speculation) its expression via language is tied to our inhibitory development (a small chunk up front and left is sort of specialized in that way and one thing that distinguishes our species.) Story – not plot – is by contrast not tied to the present and by its nature, plural, or having time-less alternative meaning, even conflicting. (Ie in the last sentence our language would embed story to fit narrative, so one should grammatically use ‘meanings’ with an s for the sentence narrative even though from the story perspective, its meaning or the meaning it wants to transmit, that would be mistaken.) \n\nTo make it as short: that distinguishing is important, likely I think, to in turn distinguish different expressions of empathy. This study uses existing models of two forms, called cognitive and affective. To me, that’s not enough. Both forms as described would actually utilize primarily affective (narrative) representations (networks of and in) of self in their expression. (Two large ones, brain networks, are broadly defined as default and central executive. The expression of these forms of empathy would in context be more closely tied with the later.) Mirror neurons if they exist (they very likely do) and many of the systems or networks they turbo-charge are at least also connected to emotively context-ed representations that are not so abstracted, that are not directly concerned with affecting. (These many networks are always dialoging, so it’s never an either/or. It emerges either/or only later hierarchically on the way to expression. You do have to eat. And fuck and love and sing and dance depending on motivation and context. Motivation, the necessity to do something, results in one-at-a-time something.)(Heavens, I left out drink.) It’s unlikely that there are very determinate tendential differences locally regarding nearly all modern languages. Mo’s gene’s are mixed like yours or mine or his mothers. Not that there might not be any tendential differences at all. But it’s more the other way around: language can and does affect us and him and her. And that voice they use delineates a slightly different discrete infinity in which embedding occurs, or the way information recursively integrates and is then expressed and received. As you note that voice uses elements of, actually is, poetry-music (for our brains they’re quite similar, overlapped, and different from verbal language per se. And time-less.)\n\nAs Paulette Paulette‘s example, story passes through narrative per force but the full impact of story is transmitted not so much by the narrative as by how much story avoids it, transmitting in other ways. Music-poetry reaches in without so much filter. But to engage more (directly those affective networks) and proceed, narrative is necessary, passing through an expressed real time. Fiction is more true than non-fiction in that way (using narrative but transmitting beyond it, accessing or impacting deeper, so to speak, and inherently more empathic networks. And there is a gender-modulated involvement here – recall Beth?) Later or tomorrow more but it’s time to make dinner. Sorry, asparagus ravioli with egg-yolk sauce. La pasta e la pasta.\n\n…… (an italian comment, followed by english again)\n\nDamasio e Damasio…era uno dei alternativi, Iowa, dove insegnavano, ahh, tempo fa. Ma passare altri inverni così, dove entri in un bar senza giacca ed esci 2 ore dopo in un freddo tale che già dopo il primo respiro sembra che qualcuno ti abbia infilato qualcosa piuttosto sgradevole sotto…tipo fatto di metallo gelido…eppure appuntita…senza preavviso…e poi ogni notte avere dei sogni invasi da granturco, e ancora granturco, e ancora granturco…e dove cacchio vai al allenare in bici in un posto dove basti che sali su un paio di libri spessi messi per terra per avere una panorama (come dice B. Bryson)? Comunque. Damasio Anto’, non arriabiarti ma un po’ si e messo 30 anni per… scoprire l’acqua calda. Forse sarà stato il trasferimento a California, forse dopo qualche tempo si e sentito un ‘clank’ in laboratorio. Si sarà girato, guardato per terra e sul pavimento avrà visto un oggetto di metallo, un po’ appuntito, tipo un martello ma non troppo grosso, avrà fatto una pausa e poi avrà detto a l’improvviso: ‘Ecco. Le emozioni contano. E non serve la corteccia cerebrale per essere cosciente, per sentire ed esprimere la vita. Basta che togli un martello dal culo per capirlo.’ Va be’, esagero. Sono stati essenziali, lui e lei (la moglie.)\n\n\nA me la lingua usato più come mezzo che narrativa mi becca, e viceversa, da… sempre. Ma e piuttosto raro nella prosa, e sempre meno apprezzato. Salto alla musica, dov’e più facile capire. Jazz improvvisato, dov’e più paragonabile anche per le strutture che prende in prestito (molte le stesse della lingua) e per quei circuiti frontale che i musicisti devono inibire se davvero hanno bisogno di dire qualcosa allo, e dallo, stomaco, (empatia affettiva sarebbe chiamato qui.) Paragoniamo due estremi, Methany e Chet. Sia loro che coloro che li ascoltano hanno due tendenze diverse, il primo usa e raggiunge più la parte empatica cognitiva, il secondo affettiva (anche struggente).\n\n\nOne at a time…Damasio. Scusi per la mia cattiveria un po’ sul arrogante (non e personale. Sono i dati che contano). Erano tra i primi a raccogliere i dati specifici sufficienti per puntare allora alla modularita’ (e quanto le facolta’ di psicologia hanno resistito,) ed era forse per tutto quel lavoro paziente che si e messo un po’ per accettare l’ emergenza e dialoghi tra circuiti (e quanto resistano oggi le facoltà di medicina.) Oggi siamo un po’ oltre, penso, ovvero si riesce a vedere un po’ in la’ verso l’espressione modulato gerarchicamente di sistemi ricorsivamente integrati e delineati da tempi diversi e discreti, e emotivamente contestualizzati. Bleah. Comunque. Se definisce diversamente i termini non sarà un’aporia (sti’ cazzi di parole che usi…tocca’ piglia’ un dizionario.) Pero sarà insolubile, ovvero l’insicurezza mi sa bisognerà accettare, che per tanti non e neanche possibile. La pluralità di rappresentazioni e sistemi che integrano anche open-ended. (E per quello che fare quei video giochi – più o meno – costosi del cervello negli States e in Europa, dal punto di vista di modello/teoria…non ha moltissimo senso.)\n\nAh, si, poesia-musica, jazz. No non intendevo paragonare completamente jazz con i caratteri nel fiction. E solo che e più veloce e chiaro, mi sa. Penso che non devo spiegare l’idea, ah, a te. (Probabilmente dovrei usare più pronomi possessivi personali ma mi stonano.) Uso bottom-up e top-down in modo, perché per me il sapore e diverso, di Kandel e compagnie. Il primo riflette un’integrazione di informazione, – che inizia immediatamente, come finalmente si può misurare. Non ci sono veri quanti sensoriali – anche di rappresentazioni di se. Il secondo riflette la gerarchia necessaria verso l’espressione in tempo reale – che richiede l’astrazione e non permette alternativi, perciò e pieno di errori, funziona più con inibizione ed e relativamente priva di significanza. (perciò’ più laterale-frontale-dorsale, circuiti tipo CEN in cui la ricorsione e determinata più da rappresentazioni affettivi di se.) L’empatia, ovvero cos’e o come si esprime (dentro, più che fuori) e anche embodied cognition varia da persona a persona in base a come il loro dialogo tende a procedere, ovviamente. In te sarà molto diverso che in, diciamo Mario Draghi.\n\n\nPovero Cartesio. Se avesse tolto ‘ergo cogito’ e lasciato ‘dubito’ allora sarebbe stato una frase con un sapore ben più ricco e con una prescienza notevole.\n\nAltre cose, tipo che succederebbe se Chet suonasse con Methany, come cambierebbero i loro stesso espressioni, assieme una narrativa, loro delle storie, per dire…un’altra volta. Troppo lungo. Avrai da fare. Adesso anch’io. Ah..si, anche per me, a tutto le tue domande a parte l’ultimo, che presumo (al Max Planck e McGill) ma non sono sicuro. Casomai.\n\n(Back to English) \n\n…a longish after. The workout straightened my heart’s beat but, as often, once that negative-reinforcing turbo kicks in I let the movement run long, all the way into dinner, pausing to walk to the kitchen to put the potatoes on to boil (the puree made after accompanied de-boned quail wrapped around sage and butter and wrapped in turn by prosciutto slices.) There’s a difference between affective representations – abstracted things, identifying what an abstracted you can do with them and how – and integrated representations – what they mean or how they are connected without you doing anything. That’s why the terminology used in this study and elsewhere – affective vs cognitive empathy – can be a bit confounding. It mixes words sloppily, I think. \n   Affective empathy likely works relatively more on/with integrated representations with emotionally gated contexts. It affects a representation of you that isn’t so, in turn, affective. It’s effect is more bottom-up. It’s the butter within the quail integrating with the meat to make it moist. Not that cognitive empathy is so abstracted – it still involves embodiment, and it’s always a dialog in context. But it speaks relatively more to a you that is more abstracted, less emotionally or at least differently emotionally gated. It’s stuff you can in turn do stuff with, understand in a manipulative way as much as feel, stuff without as, or not transmitting so, many possibilities. The prosciutto on the outside whose fat will melt into the pan in which you can turn – optional -the quails. Part of your affecting to its context.\n\n\nTaste. Flavor. We smell and taste…and feel, hear, see, etc. That input arrives, for the most part, into our awareness only after a lot of integration has already occurred. So flavor is very much formed as much as what we are, by the receiver, as itself. Of course, though for some reason many had been and some are still trying to reduce input into ‘qualia’, (not quails, which are, ah, real – before you put them in your mouth and after.) An excess of Sp2 receptors is sort of a condemnation. Likely deriving for the obvious survival benefits, (bitterness. I suppose, as in theorize, that a relative high concentration in your mouth often if not usually corresponds to high concentrations below. When your guts taste bitterness, they transmit a signal to, well, flush by adding water, getting rid of the potentially harmful bitter stuff by getting it out quicker and avoiding at least some intestinal absorption,) they and others also talk to your brain and mind bottom-up, influencing in a stratified way, directly and indirectly. But you’re not aware of it.\n\nWhere was I? Flavor. Stuff. Meaning. Has to a relative aspect, a relation. Bottom-up will tend to create meaning that is less related to any affective you. Not the one that meanders, daydreams. \n   Take the opposite extreme, in a sense, of someone autistic. Someone who has no or relatively little filter from integrated stuff into what that affective person is supposed to do with it. No inhibition, in that way. Always in the present, rather the expression. No alternatives allowed, breakfast cereal – only that kind, only that milk, only at that hour, then we do that activity – only that activity, only in that order. You’d expect a part of their brain, that part that deals with affecting, to be relatively muscular, and a smaller part that deals with integration, with maintaining relations and alternative meanings outside of time. And they do, even on a neuronal basis. (The study just out, if you take the time to read the results, actually confirms larger ventricular -assume right 4th- and specific wall thickening, moreover it doesn’t distinguish age groups -development here is key – severity of symptoms, even excludes severe head movement (image resolution. Worse obviously in severe patients,) includes asberger’s – for me that shouldn’t be included – ecc.) Anyway, to taste receptors, a little bit.Genes are an odd thing. Rather, the difference between the way we usually model them, vs their function. Even Darwin, and the sort of lacking in Origin Of Species which, a bit implicitly, already begins to be addressed in Descent Of Man – actually perhaps a more important book. They don’t give a crap about us, our genes. We’re merely part of a side-effect, useful expressions, transporting information of much larger integrated systems through time or into this present eternal. Part of a slow dialog between those systems and their context(s). The world, which would be our world….Representations.\n   Ie: I’m not a fully aware synesthesiac. Still, many things have a sort of flavor to me – but a bit farther up. That is, integrated material delivers a taste, has a taste – only of different kinds of bitterness and harmony, is the only way I can describe it, not flavor as such. But when an integrated model moves easily, correctly, it is accompanied by an harmonious, pleasant bitterness. If it has a tasted sweetness it’s no good, something is wrong with the model. There’s a contrast that still has to be resolved. Note, I’m an odd bloke effectively, so that flavor in me is mixed into something that isn’t affective, a sort of thing that usually most people aren’t at all aware of. And given consistency and history, I likely have an excess of Sp2 receptors from my palate on down. And this is staying away from even more obvious stuff like serotinin levels.\n\nThe idea is that those enteric (gut) neurons play a role both in representing the world and our selves to our selves before abstraction, relatively, and communicate with a system that is very large, i.e. that likely includes stuff like all that bacteria we carry – which are probably more determinate genetically in the system than we, abstracted, are. Certainly larger than our selves alone. Anyway. Full stomachs. Irregular heart beats. Interaction of systems. Different representations of self. Different contexts. Different expressions of time. And quails.\n\n\nFriday Music. Old Notes: Lockwood, entropy and consciousness\n\nOld notes: Friday Music. Lockwood, entropy and consciousness\n\n\nSettimana di 4. In concerto all’Accademia abbiamo sentito una buona interpretazione delle quattro stagioni. Mentre passeggiavo ho visto le quattro fontane (Roma) mentre andavo ad informarmi di una cosa. (Una tassa. Managgia, dovrò pagare 4 anni di arretrati. Che botta.) 4 volte ho preparato e mangiato spaghetti con la bottarga di muggine e fiori di zucca (la prima per essermi sicuro, poi 3 per il gusto.) Ho impaginato, cliccando troppo con la mano destra finche quasi non la sento più, e pubblicato la quarta parte del ‘151 Zattere’.\n\nDidier ho visto suonare solo due volte. Pero la prima volta in dietro le quinte – lui suonava le quattro stagioni per riscaldarsi prima del concerto. (L’autunno.) Dopo il secondo concerto -anni dopo – lui e venuto a mangiare nello stesso ristorante dove mangiavamo noi. (Anche lui ha preso le cozze. Poverino. Non e che c’era tanta scelta. Mi sa che ama il mare, e il secondo concerto ha avuto luogo nel Vallese in Svizzera. Moules e frites.) Così si può dire che l’ho visto in 4 posti diverse. In ambedue i concerti ha suonato questo pezzo, non tra i miei favoriti, ma ha funzionato come intervallo e per altre cose, (tutti e due i concerti erano dedicati a Grapelli, il primo dal vivo, il secondo dopo) ad esempio su come può essere allargato\nil concetto di violino come strumento.\n\nNon spiego perche, ma il mio identificare ‘4’ come tema, e imaginando un po’ quello che sta passando per la testa di Ponty mentre suona, mi spinge a pensare un po’ di più una cosa. Non spiego perché, ma mi sa che la coscienza può essere descritta come un’espressione di entropia.\n\nPer la musica, cliccare sotto…\n\n\n\nWeekend Recipes: Fried polenta with Zola (cheese)\n\n…yesterday fried polenta with fresh, creamy Gorgonzola cheese. Lombardia, the northern region of Italy (Milan), doesn’t have a coastline with the Mediterranian sea. Still, Italians, northerners included, are an expressively emotional lot by and large, tending always to remain connected sentimentally and interactively with something larger than themselves individually. Love, family, food, soccer, dialect… and the sea, sometimes the mountains. Lots of traditional songs of yearnings and conflicts, loss and place. It’s the nation of opera, after all, Puccini, Verdi, Bellini…. sentiment. Melodrama. Maybe that’s why the people in the Lombardian (and Piemonte) valleys and plains invented Gorgonzola (it’s a real city. See the photo below) cheese: to have something to miss when it’s not there.\n\n…the recipe is straightforward, almost a no-cook. Simply make a ton of polenta – there are differing schools as to how, whether to stir all the time or leave it mostly alone but the end results are fairly similar. Unless you have a big fireplace and let it cook over the flames, just follow the instructions on the package. If you want it a bit richer, near the end of its cooking or as soon as you remove the cornmeal from the burner add some quality whole milk, like a glass per 4 people, and stir it in. The important thing is, of course, to use good corn flour – avoid cheap stuff.  And when it’s ready, pour all of it into a wet, smooth textured rag or towel and mold the steaming polenta into a loaf, slicing pieces after from the loaf with a wooden knife if possible. You can accompany it with pretty much anything, cheeses, cold cuts, rabbit, chicken of other liver, meaty ragu, ecc. Make too much to finish that day…leave the rest covered in the fridge.\n\nThe next day remove it, slice the cold polenta – not too thick, maybe half an inch at most but it depends on personal taste, and fry them up in butter until the slices crisp on each side then spoon on the hot slices a bit of the freshest Gorgonzola you can find. That’s it. Orgasmic. A little white wine or lightly structured red, let the flavor overwhelm your mouth and mind, close your eyes… and begin to miss the plains of Lombardia, even if you’ve never been there, from wherever you are….\n\nlink – gorgonzola cheese: https://cheese.com/gorgonzola/\nand twitter: https://twitter.com/ReadTheFlavor?lang=en", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6112614870071411}
+{"content": "A Physician-Data Scientist Grand Vision: A Virtual Medical Oracle\n\nAbstract: The ultimate accomplishment for deep learning and cognitive architecture in medicine will be the creation of a “virtual medical oracle”: a real-time, all knowing medical and healthcare resource based on not only deep learning of existing medical data (such as radiological and pathological images) but also cognitive architecture based on expert opinions and patient experiences. With deep learning as well as cloud computing, a virtual medical imaging center can now be built as a valuable resource for all clinicians and patients. This imaging center requires GPUs and sophisticated deep reinforcement and/or one-shot learning as well as the novel capsule network architecture. While deep learning is currently deployed frequently in artificial intelligence in medicine, a future man-machine cognitive synergy involving more clinicians will be needed for the synthesis of the highest level of artificial/human intelligence in medicine and healthcare.\n\nThe 10 necessary steps for this astounding pinnacle of “medical” intelligence to be realized will be outlined; among these requisite steps are: an AI-inspired acquisition of medical data; an universal common medical data repository; an internet of everything strategy for medical data; a close physician-data scientist collaboration; and a true deep learning/cognitive architecture hybrid structure for medical knowledge.\n\nBio: Dr. Chang attended Johns Hopkins University for his B.A. in molecular biology prior to entering Georgetown University School of Medicine for his M.D. He then completed his pediatric residency at Children’s Hospital National Medical Center and his pediatric cardiology fellowship at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.\n\nHe is currently the Chief Intelligence and Innovation Officer and Medical Director of the Heart Failure Program at Children’s Hospital of Orange County.\n\nHe recently completed his Masters of Science (MS) in Data Science with a sub-specialization in artificial intelligence from Stanford School of Medicine. He is also a computer scientist-in-residence at Chapman University.\n\nHe is known for several innovations in pediatric cardiac care, including introducing the cardiac drug milrinone and co-designing (with Dr. Michael DeBakey) an axial-type ventricular assist device in children. He has helped to build a successful cardiology practice as a company and was able to complete a deal on Wall Street. He is the founder and medical director of the nascent Medical Intelligence and Innovation Institute (MI3) that is supported by the Sharon Disney Lund Foundation. He intends to build a clinician-computer scientist interface to enhance all aspects of data science and artificial intelligence in health and medicine. He currently lectures widely on big data and artificial intelligence in medicine (he has been called “Dr. A.I.” and has given a TEDx talk and on the faculty of Singularity University)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9980584979057312}
+{"content": "Bright coloured computer code on a black background\n\nWhere Do You Want Your Story To Take You?\n\nIt's not until we know where we want our story to take us, that we can begin to find the narrative to get us there. Not until we determine what type of image we want to capture that we can choose which lens to use. Not until we discover what program we want to write that we can start to lay down a code base that will deal with both the primary functionality and all of the interesting edge cases that life will throw at us.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6793972253799438}
+{"content": "Is ‘Accidental Opioid Addiction’ Real?\n\nHighest Standards, Nationally Recognized:\n\nIs ‘Accidental Opioid Addiction’ Real?\n\nimage of man with self disappearing\n\nFox News covered the story of a 45-year-old mother with 3 children who is married to a college sweetheart now running an investment firm. This woman has a master’s degree in education, has traveled around the world with her family, and volunteers often at her local church. The feature then discussed that this mother had a drug addiction due to “accidental addiction”; this term was defined as when a person “trips down the rabbit-hole of addiction after being prescribed pain or anxiety medications by a well-intentioned doctor.” There are many factors that have placed a person at high-risk for accidental addiction, such as underlying mental health issues, childhood issues, trauma, or certain temperaments. Whether your story relates to the one mentioned above or not, you may be wondering, “Is accidental addiction real?”\n\nThis question is a bit more complex than what it seems on the surface. Contrary to the widespread belief that most individuals with opioid addiction fall into it accidentally, many people who abuse opioids or have become addicted to them also have a substance use history with other drugs, as well as psychological problems poly-drug use. In fact, it seems that many people who become addicted to opioids aren’t even the ones prescribed them – a 2018 study published in BMJ, a peer-reviewed medical journal, found that only 1% of people who took prescription pain medication following surgery showed signs of opioid misuse. Furthermore, a 2014 analysis conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) found that 54% of non-medical users got their prescription opioids for free from friends and family. It seems that opioid addiction isn’t as much of an accident, after all. Does this mean that accidents don’t occur?\n\nAccidents can certainly occur, they are just less likely to occur than people tend to believe. Women are more susceptible for “accidental addiction” due to their hormones – higher levels of estrogen make women more likely to experience a “high” from opioids, and women are more likely to seek help from a doctor than men anyways, making them more likely to obtain a prescription in the first place. If you have been prescribed painkillers, remember to follow the directions exactly as prescribed. Maintain regular check-ups with your doctor to ensure you aren’t becoming dependent on them, and properly wean yourself off the medication with your doctor’s help when the time is right. If you feel you are becoming addicted to them, seek treatment right away. The sooner you seek help, the better.\n\n\nWe will work with most out of network PPO and POS policies\n\nCall to verify your insurance benefits today!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9096133708953857}
+{"content": "Neuroscience is Starting to Catch Up With Ancient Buddhism\n\n\nBy Jackie, guest writer,\nEnlightened Consciousness\n\nBuddhism is a set of religious and spiritual concepts dating back to the Sixth Century BCE. Despite being one of the more ancient of current mainstream religions, it has a following of around half a billion due to ideas strong enough to hold the test of time. Not only is it one of the most popular faiths, it also has some of the strongest backings by cutting-edge neuroscientific research. It is a mystery how one of the most ancient practices on Earth had ideas that could be directly backed up by modern science, but it seems that deep truths can be learnt through the simple act of contemplative introspection.\n\nWhere is the Self?\n\nAnatta is Buddhist concept which highlights its distinction from Hinduism. While Hindus believe that in the core of every human being lives an essential, unchanging self, Anatta argues against this. Instead, Buddhists believe that the sense of self is illusionary and the cause of suffering. Overcoming this idea of the self can be achieved through meditation and will lead to a state of Nirvana or Enlightenment.\n\nWhile Siddhartha Gautama realised this in the Sixth Century BCE, it has only been confirmed by science since the 1980s, when MRI scans were first used. Through mapping the brain, it is clear that there is nowhere for the soul to reside. The entire body, including the brain, are constantly changing, suggesting that there can be no immutable soul.\n\nThe ‘80s was also the decade in which the Dalai Lama and a team of scientists set up the Mind and Life Institute to study these ancient beliefs using the scientific method. Their research revealed a mind that is constantly changing, rewiring itself and replacing old cells with new ones. This doesn’t mean there’s no “you” (depending on how that word is defined) but that there is no single, unchanging self. Just as was noticed subjectively by the most ancient societies and backed up objectively by modern science.\n\nOn Becoming Present\n\nMindfulness is another key component of Buddhist philosophy and is used to destroy this illusion of self in an attempt to overcome suffering. The science behind mindfulness meditation is in its infancy, but appears promising. It is commonly used as a technique in behavioral therapy to help people find comfort and deal with emotional pain. It has even been shown to have an effect of physical pain, helping a person to notice the subjective experience of pain as something simulated and exaggerated by the brain. Scientific observation has revealed how meditating on the present moment shrinks the amygdala, which is the part of the brain responsible for fear and anxiety. That is, mindfulness reduces the suffering that comes with being human.\n\nThroughout history, the West has been responsible for much scientific advancement. However, it is the East which has claimed the upper hand when it comes to spirituality. Now, these two worlds are converging as the concepts laid out by the earliest Buddhist gurus is confirmed by neuroscientific research into the brain.\n\nBy Jackie, guest writer,\nEnlightened Consciousness\n\nAbout the author\nWorking as a writer, Jackie started her career in health and beauty, but after becoming a mom refocused and decided to spend more time with her family. When she’s not writing, she volunteers for a number of local mental health charities and also has a menagerie of pets to look after.\nThis article is copyrighted material and not permitted to reproduce, publish, sell, or distribute without asking for prior permission by Enlightened Consciousness or the author.\n\nYou may also like\n\n6 Traits of Spiritual Masters\n\nSpiritual Masters are guides on our individual journeys,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9938319325447083}
+{"content": "U.S. state policies for renewable energy: Context and effectiveness\n\nM. Delmas, M. Montes-Sancho\n\nOver the past decade, state policies on renewable energy have been on the rise in the U.S., providing states with various options for encouraging the generation of renewable electricity. Two promising policies, the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) and the Mandatory Green Power Option (MGPO), have been implemented in many states but the evidence about their effectiveness is mixed. In this paper, we argue that recognizing the natural, social, and policy context under which MGPO and RPS are adopted is necessary in order to measure their true effectiveness. This is because the context rather than the policy might lead to positive outcomes and there is the possibility for sample bias. When controlling for the context in which the policies are implemented, we find that RPS has a negative impact on investments in renewable capacity. However, we find that investor-owned utilities seem to respond more positively to RPS mandates than publicly owned utilities. By contrast, MGPO appears to have a significant effect on installed renewable capacity for all utilities regardless of the context in which it is implemented.\n\nPublished Work | 2011 | Energy Policy\n\nDownload pdf", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.797030508518219}
+{"content": "An ode to the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings\n\nEvery year Nobel Laureates make,\nA week-long retreat by a beautiful lake.\n\nThey’re joined by researchers especially selected\nTo have their dreams discussed and perfected.\n\nThis is a chance no one expects to get twice;\nTime to ask your hero for direct advice!\n\nWhat did they do to win the Prize?\nWas it sweat and toil, or a complete surprise?\n\nHow do you persevere when things get tough?\nIs there a secret to being more than enough?\n\nOver lectures, dinners and a cruise to Mainau,\nThere’s plenty of time to swop know-how\n\nWhile we blog, tweet and film, so that all may share\nThe wonders of Lindau and the friendships there.\n\nFor over 60 years this tradition’s survived\nThanks to a philosophy to which Laureates subscribed:\n\nWinning the Nobel doesn’t end with a gong,\nKnowledge is a gift that needs passing on.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9863651394844055}
+{"content": "Trekking in Nepal 2020\n\nTrekking in Nepal 2020\n\n\nNepal is home to network of trails also called the Great Himalaya Trails, an extensive trail system that covers Nepal from Humla and Darchula in the west to Kanchenjunga in the east. The diversity of trekking in Nepal cannot be found in any other region of the world. In fact, the lowest point in Nepal is 59 m above sea-level in the Terai region while the highest point is Everest, 8,848 m above sea-level, the two points are, in a straight line, only 200 kilometres apart.\n\nThe majority of visitors to Nepal come in via the Tribuvan International Airport in Kathmandu. It is in Kathmandu that trekkers need to acquire their permits and other documentation, either from a trekking agent or from the appropriate offices. These documents will be checked along the trekking route. For those with little time to spend in Nepal there are half-day hikes from Kathmandu to witness breathtaking Himalayan views otherwise trek for weeks over stunning challenging mountain passes.\n\nUp to the mid 1960s only a few trekkers had generally visited Nepal and back then as part of groups of expedition followers. Many of the big expeditions of the day encouraged trekkers to sign up in an attempt to help balance the funding.\n\nTrekking in Nepal today is completely different to that of the 1960s. In all the main trekking areas, the National Parks and Conservation Areas lodges have been established where trekkers can find accommodation, food and meet other trekkers and locals along the way. The majority of the trails are well maintained and in many cases are sign-posted.\n\n\nThe lodges are well appointed and have facilities for charging batteries and the larger villages often have email facilities. The length, the difficulty and timing of the treks vary greatly and to add to that once outside of the main trekking areas transport becomes more problematic and often involves at least two journeys made on domestic scheduled flights.\n\nThe three main trekking areas and therefore the most easily accessible are the EverestLangtang and the Annapurna regions. Annapurna and Langtang have a slight advantage in so much that they can be reached via road connections. Trekkers are of course rewarded when they venture further afield as well! Great Himalaya Trails has extensive information on other trekking regions, which are accessible by domestic flights, such as Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dolpo, and the Far West. Several days of trekking is required to reach the higher mountain areas from the local centers of population and administration.\n\n\nNepal has six distinct and diverse vegetation zones ranging from Tropical below a 1,000 m through Sub-tropical 100m - 200m, Lower Temperate 1,700 m - 2,700 m, Upper Temperate 2,400 m - 3,000 m, Subalpine 3,000 m - 4,000 m and Alpine 4,000 m to the snowline above the snowline it is a Himalaya tundra like wilderness. Each of these zones is well populated with the appropriate flora and fauna, although sometimes the rarer examples might be hard to find.\n\nDomestic flights generally occur early morning, and so if two domestic flights are required to reach the start of the trek, appropriate timing should be allowed. Although the popular treks in Kanchenjunga, Everest, Manaslu, Annapurna are able to provide lodge accommodation the less frequented treks in those areas and also in other areas west of Annapurna will generally require camping style trek support.\n\n\nTrekkers can find a trail for any time of year. The southern areas of Nepal receive higher levels of precipitation. However, some routes along the Great Himalaya Trails lie in the rain shadow, a dry area on the leeward side of a mountains namely Mustang to the north of Annapurna and Manaslu, Dolpo to the north of Dhaulagiri and the far west of Nepal to the north of Saipal Himal. Post monsoon the weather tends to be clearer. Winter is good but colder with shorter days and spring can be affected by seasonal rain and snow storms. Summer is short and is quickly followed by the monsoons.\n\nHowever, the rains are not continuous for 24 hours a day and of course the rains bring the flowers to life. It is also a perfect time to consider one of the regions in the rain shadow which typically feature a more barren Tibetan type scenery as opposed to the greenness of other areas.\n\n\nIt is important for tourists to know that the main income generating activity of the people from the hill regions is tourism, and they typically earn wages working as trekking porter or guide. Hiring a porter does not mean that you are weak, it means you value the Nepali culture, you are providing an extended Nepali family with an income and at the same time you are making a friend and trekking with a local person who is well versed in the local cultures, festivals, and all the other issues that can turn a good trek into an outstanding experience of a life time.\n\nIt is obviously possible to trek alone or without a Nepali guide, but would you know what to do in a major storm, zero visibility and temperatures and at possibly 5,000 m? Make sure you have all the correct permits as required, and be environmentally and culturally aware.\n\nNepal is beautiful country as there are many high mountains along Mount Everest . People are amazing and freindly as well helpfull with always smile. So, why not you enjoy your next holiday in Nepal Himalaya!!\n\n\nHighly Recommended Nepal Trekking Agency offers Trekkign ToursHiking ToursNepal ToursPeak Climbing in Himalaya.  \n\n\nLooking forward to care you in Himalaya !!!\n\nContact Us for  more  more information\n\n\n\n\n\nKristy Sherpa\n\n(The Management Team)\n\n\nWhy to Choose us for Booking your Trip in Nepal​?                                         \n\n\n\n Experienced Trekking Guides\n\n\n\n\n\nSocial Responsibility \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEmployment Opportunites to Local Guides and Porters \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProfessional Trip Service\n\n\n\nNepal Trekking in Himalaya is highly Recommended  by", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9066542387008667}
+{"content": "Latest NS0-504 download Guide\n\nExambible offers free demo for NS0-504 exam. \"NetApp Certified Implementation Engineer - SAN, Cluster-Mode\", also known as NS0-504 exam, is a Network Appliance Certification. This set of posts, Passing the Network Appliance NS0-504 exam, will help you answer those questions. The NS0-504 Questions & Answers covers all the knowledge points of the real exam. 100% real Network Appliance NS0-504 exams and revised by experts!\n\nQ11. The snapvault update command is only available on the secondary system.\n\nA. True\n\nB. False\n\nAnswer: A\n\nQ12. After upgrading to DOT 8.0 7-mode, you can convert existing 32-bit aggregates into 64-bit aggregates.\n\nA. True\n\nB. False\n\nAnswer: B\n\nQ13. In a Fibre Channel configuration, the host's HBA is referred to as the ___________, and the storage system's HBA is referred to as the ___________.\n\nA. initiator, target.\n\nB. primary, secondary.\n\nC. secondary, primary.\n\nD. target, initiator.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nQ14. Which tool is available on an OSSV client to assist in starting or stopping the OSSV service, modifying NDMP settings, enabling debugging, and capturing trace files?\n\nA. Operations Manager\n\nB. Protection Manager\n\nC. Svconfigurator GUI\n\nD. svdebug.exe\n\nAnswer: C\n\nQ15. Which command on a NetApp storage controller will display the average service time on a\n\nFC target port basis every five seconds?\n\nA. sysstat -i 5\n\nB. sysstat -f 5\n\nC. fcp stats -i 5\n\nD. lun stats -i 5\n\nAnswer: C\n\nQ16. If you believe you create FC SAN performance problem, which NatApp utility would gather both your Solaris host and storage system data for analysis?\n\nA. sio_ntap.exe\n\nB. prestart\n\nC. poststat\n\nD. perfstat\n\nAnswer: D\n\nQ17. Protection Manager has policies that allow for tape-based protection as well as disk-based protection.\n\nA. True\n\nB. False\n\nAnswer: B\n\nQ18. When using MetroCluster in a forced takeover mode, identify two methods for restricting access to the disaster site node. (Choose two)\n\nA. Use manual fencing\n\nB. Use the cf giveback –f command.\n\nC. Use the cf forcetakeover –d command.\n\nD. Turn off power to the disaster site node.\n\nE. Isolate the failed node from the surviving node.\n\nAnswer: AD\n\nQ19. Which Data ONTAP option sets system-wide throttling for all transfers?\n\nA. options transfer.wide.enable\n\nB. options transfer.throttle.enable\n\nC. options replication.wide.enable\n\nD. options replication.throttle.enable\n\nAnswer: D\n\nQ20. A company has a Fibre Channel environment and wants to connect a new host in a remote data center using 50/125um OM2 multi-mode fiber cable and needs to support 2 Gb speeds. What is the maximum distance of the cable run supported in this situation?\n\nA. 50/125um OM2 multi-mode fiber cable supports up to 500 meters at 2 Gb.\n\nB. 50/125um OM2 multi-mode fiber cable supports up to 10000 meters at 2 Gb.\n\nC. 50/125um OM2 multi-mode fiber cable supports up to 150 meters at 2 Gb.\n\nD. 50/125um OM2 multi-mode fiber cable supports up to 300 meters at 2 Gb.\n\nAnswer: D", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6355453729629517}
+{"content": "God’s Grace is Our “Why”\n\nWhy Write Down All the Numbers?\n\nA couple days ago I went to a workshop for entrepreneurs, covering the basic legal and financial issues related to starting up a business.  My dad had his own business, and sometimes we could help.  I remember filling out massive spreadsheets, filling in detailed information from invoices.  Amount of labor goes in one column, amount of parts goes in another, how much was paid goes in another.  I didn’t pay much attention to why I had to write down all these details, but I remember that I thought it was odd to keep track of all these numbers separately when they were all on the invoices (this was back in the days of carbon paper invoices).  Now I’m learning the “why” of keeping track of expenses and income as I start my own venture.\n\nMy work now focuses on the “why” of short-term mission.  Why do people get involved in going on short-term mission trips?  Why do they choose the places they serve?  Why do they go at all?\n\nGrace-formed Church\n\nMethodists have a particular way of describing God’s grace.  “God’s grace goes before us (prevenience), God’s grace comes among us uniquely in the person of Jesus Christ (justification), and God’s grace abides with us restoring our lives to an unrelenting love for God and neighbor (sanctification).”  These three ways of describing God’s grace – prevenient grace, justifying grace and sanctifying grace – help us to think about how God is at work in our lives, forming us into disciples so that we can faithfully live out how we are called to be in the world.\n\nAnd God’s grace goes beyond just working on us as individuals: “The triune God is grace who in Christ and through the Holy Spirit prepares, saves, and makes a new people.”   When a person is made new in Christ, they are brought into the family of God – God’s people in the world.  Our ability to work for good in the world comes from God’s sanctifying grace: “Missional vision is not created by the church, rather it is given to the church by God’s saving activity in and on behalf of the world.”  What this means is that when we go out on a mission project, whether that is volunteering at our local food bank or traveling to another country on a medical team, the mission is given to the whole church by God because of God’s grace.  God loves the world.  God loves the people in the world.  God gives the church grace so that the church can reach out in compassion to others, and be living witnesses to God’s grace.  That is our why.\n\nHow is your grace-formed church living out its call to be in mission?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8287716507911682}
+{"content": "Copyright Ailie Rutherford 2015\n\nBuilt with Indexhibit\n\nCrypto-knitting-circles is a new collaboration with Dr. Bettina Nissen to develop a feminist crypto-currency proposal in the contexts of Govanhill and Easterhouse.\nInspired by a shared interest in feminist economics and the potential for crypto-currencies to disrupt established power structures and create new supply chains, we will draw on the format of the “knitting circle” to learn from each other, knowing that everyone brings vital knowledge to the circle.\n\nThe project will play on the similarity of knitting patterns, the encryption codes and trust networks of blockchain technology as a means to describe and convey the process and potential of these new technologies to allow us to co-develop a proposal for a real block-chain system that can be used by women to invent an economy that works for them.\n\nFunded by Creative Scotland Open Project Fund", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9943314790725708}
+{"content": "\n\nLessons from Google: How to Build an Effective Team\n\nTeam Building, Workplace Productivity, Business Articles\n\nA world leader in cultivating impressively innovative teams, Google’s team effectiveness research uncovers the ingredients necessary for team success.\n\nInspired by Aristotle’s saying “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”, Google has recently come to the end of a five-year project called Project Aristotle, to research what makes teams effective at Google.\n\nThe importance Google places on its people and making the company a great place to work has been widely noted. Google argues that if people love working for the company, they’ll attract the best minds and a genuine hunger for innovation – which ultimately translates into business success.\n\nGoogle’s team effectiveness research involved 180 Google teams, 200 interviews and the analysis of more than 250 team attributes. The broad conclusion was that the interaction of team members, how they structure their work and how they feel about their contributions were the most important elements determining team effectiveness.\n\nThese conclusions centre on five team dynamics. Find out more about these dynamics and what we can learn from them:\n\n1. Psychological Safety\n\nA key question Google asked in the research was: “Can we take risks on this team without feeling insecure or embarrassed?” The idea is that staff members must feel secure enough in their team in order to put forward ideas, ask questions and generally contribute. If they do, their team is much more likely to be innovative and successful. But if they’re too worried about how their ideas will be received by the rest of the team, it negatively affects the innovation potential of the team and the perception of the team.\n\nTip: It takes time to improve company culture, but start by training managers and leaders to foster positive participation in their teams. Team building activities can also help team members understand that it’s ok to be vulnerable in front of each other.\n\nWEB Team letters sky-957822-edited\n\n2. Dependability\n\nEach and every team member must be dependable in order to achieve maximum effectiveness. This means team members can be relied on to complete their work on time and to a high standard, taking their commitments to work seriously. Google found that even one unreliable team member can significantly impact the effectiveness of a team.\n\nTip: If a team member isn’t dependable, it’s likely they’re not adequately performing in their role. Managers should be encouraged to be vigilant for problems associated with this and have early conversations with the staff member concerned to better support them to complete work in a timely way.\n\nWEB Women rowing on sea-983993-edited\n\n3. Structure and Clarity\n\nGoogle’s research found that teams were much more effective when they understood how their contribution to a team and broader company goals made a difference. When it’s unclear what objectives teams are working towards and why particular projects have been prioritised, a feeling of uncertainty can dominate.\n\nTip: Ensure a company’s vision, mission and business objectives are regularly communicated with staff, and ensure all projects clearly relate to the bigger picture within an organisation.\n\nWEB Business team and dialog boxes-802790-edited\n\n4. Meaning\n\nIndividuals who feel a sense of personal connection to the business they work for form much more effective teams. Google found that having a sense of meaning and purpose was crucial for the highest levels of team working. Genuine enthusiasm for a company, job satisfaction and feeling part of something bigger all contribute to this.\n\nTip: Regularly taking employees out of the office routine for away-days can inspire staff and encourage them to shape the future of the company.\n\nWEB Staff hands\n\n5. Impact\n\nThe most effective teams at Google feel the work they do makes a tangible difference. Being able to see the real-world impact their work has is inspiring for each and every individual who make up a team. Realising work has actual importance makes a big difference to team effectiveness.\n\nTip: Share impact reports and evaluations of work regularly with teams and make a point of naming teams who contributed to specific outcomes. Give teams the opportunity to experience the business from different perspectives so they can see how everything fits together too.\n\nFace To Face Business Meeting-967022-edited\n\nBy investing time and energy in nurturing these five team characteristics, the effectiveness and innovation of teams can genuinely soar.\n\nFree eBook: Guide To Effective Leadership", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6670948266983032}
+{"content": "This job listing has expired and may no longer be relevant!\n6 Nov 2018\n\n\n\nJob Description\n\nGrand Colorado on Peak 8 is seeking a Front Desk Associate to join their amazing team! This position provides front line customer service to resort owners and guests and is responsible for front desk tasks such as registering guests, responding to phone inquiries, assisting with guest requests, changing room assignments and upholding resort policies. Come join our amazing team where employees are treated like family! $15.00 per hour plus benefits including medical benefits, paid time off, paid time to volunteer, concert and sporting event tickets, ski pass program, 401k and MORE! Please visit to apply!\n\n\n* Team Player: Works well as a member of a group\n* Enthusiastic: Shows intense and eager enjoyment and interest\n\nSee job description\n\nTo apply for this position, please use the following URL:\n\n\nApply for this Job", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6708639860153198}
+{"content": "Select Captain - Out of the way\n\nWhenever it has been a long day, a hard work week or you simply feel exhausted and a bit overwhelmed with everything that has come your way, then it is time for Kristian Gaarskjaer alias Select Captain and his current track “Out Of The Way”.\n\nYou start listening to the soft, melodic and comforting voice, hear his words and will feel an instant relief. You will literally feel how the tension and the stress within your system fall off your shoulders. At first you might have the feeling you must be listening to a typical North-American singer-songwriter. You are not so wrong then, because this also corresponds to Select Captain’s own faible for American songwriting traditions. But when you listen closer you’ll know soon enough that you are not. Even if Select Captain has a slight tendency towards the typical American songwriting, you can still clearly hear that his roots are in Denmark. You can sense the calm, the peaceful mindset and a touching melody behind the track. And not only that; with “Out Of The Way” Select Captain also combines fragility with almost pop-related arrangements.\n\nBut back to how Select Captain’s newest piece can be your long needed comfort and relief: The deep and intense voice of Kristian makes you start dreaming away with him, his quiet melody makes you lay back and then you will see for yourself… you will just relax, focus on his words and just stop time for a quiet and peaceful moment. And even if the song gains a bit of tempo after some lines, it still remains a slow, meaningful song that will just carry you from line to line of its lyrics.\n\nIts very special timbre and atmosphere make “Out Of The Way” the perfect soundtrack for laying down with a cup of tea or sitting on the sofa with a glass of wine – and then you will just wish that you would have hit the repeat-button and the song will never stop and you can continue dreaming with Kristian.\n\nIsn’t that exactly what we need music for sometimes?\n\nSo better get close to your favourite spot at home, put your comfy clothes on and get ready to hear one more extraordinary Danish voice!\n\nListen to Select Captain’s “Out Of The Way” on SoundCloud.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9476895332336426}
+{"content": "Average indicator download buniz393967916\n\nInteractive brokers pre market quotes - Alpha trading profitable strategies that remove directional risk download\n\nGNI per capita, Atlas methodcurrent US from The World Bank: Data.\n\nCopy , paste this HTML code into your webpage to embed.\nAverage wages are obtained by dividing the national accounts based total wage bill by the average number of employees in the total economy, which is then multiplied.\n\nAverage indicator download. We introduce a novel terrestrial biodiversity quality index developed to inform conservation management at a regional local scale Our index, the indicator species.\n\nTwo Great MACD Trading Signals The MACD indicator is basically a refinement of the two moving averages system , measures the distance between the two moving. Network , Statistics Bicycle Ridership , Safety; Ridership Statistics; New York Cycling Risk; Bicycle Crash Data; Bike Share Trip Histories; DOT s goal is to.\n\nBuySell2 0 simple indicator forex ee trading systems , indicators for forex , binary options.\nAverage True Range Indicator Average True Range is a volatility indicator from J Welles Wilder that measures commitment by comparing the range for each successive day\nAverage annual hours worked is defined as the total number of hours actually worked per year divided by the average number of people in employment per year. Float Tape Tank Gauging; 2500 Automatic Tank Gauge; 2520 High Pressure Automatic Tank Gauge; 6700 Liquid Level Indicator; 2910 Float Tape Transmitter.\n\nGDP growthannual) from The World Bank: Data. FREE DOWNLOAD You can try Tournament Indicator for FREE for 7 days Got a tournament coming up Just download and install now, then browse the Video Guide.\n\nThe MMI surveys 1 000 CEOs, CFOs, and other C suite executives of America s middle market companies on key indicators of past and future performance in revenues. A simple moving average is formed by computing the average price of a security over a specific number of periods Most moving averages are based on closing prices.\n\nVegan options at subway", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7029595375061035}
+{"content": "TAPE 390\n\nQuality: EX (Master Convert)\n\nLength: 1 hr (DVD)\n\nWWF \"THE WAR TO SETTLE THE SCORE\" - 2/18/85 (This is the second live WWF event run on MTV at the height of the \"Rock N Wrestling Connection\" craze. This was a landmark event, one that any wrestling fan should have. I own a VHS master convert so quality is EX.)\nRoddy Piper vs Hulk Hogan (Wild match with so many angles going on, it's insane. After Cyndi Lauper, Mr. T, Paul Orndorff, and the \"New York Police\" all get involved, a challenge is issued and the main event for the first Wrestlemania is born. Truly an historic event.)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9572479724884033}
+{"content": "Expert Photography Tips That Help You Succeed\n\nLearning proper techniques to showcase your subject is crucial in the world of professional photography. Some savvy photography advice can help you cultivate that skill. If you learn their secrets, you could easily become one of them. Utilize this knowledge to create photos that are top notch.\n\nDirect sunlight is actually a guaranteed way to ruin pictures that would otherwise be beautiful. Bright sunlight is harsh in photos, causing glare, squinting, poor shadows and overly washed-out light colors. If possible, choose the early morning hours or late afternoon light when taking pictures outside.\n\nDecide what aspects of your subject you want to capture in your photograph. A great image is a venue that illustrates a particular trait or feature of the subject you shoot. Don’t attempt to include too much. To give an overview of a subject, take multiple pictures, instead of a single shot that may not have all of the details.\n\nA slightly blurred background is better for shots of people. A sharply focused background pulls attention from your subject, and that is not ideal. You want your viewer’s eye to fall on the intended subject. You can get your subject to come closer to your camera, or adjust your f-stop settings to achieve this effect.\n\nShutter Speeds\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMake sure you pack your photography equipment with care when going on a trip. Take the lenses you think you may need and don’t forget to pack additional cleaning items and batteries. Be sensible about the limitations that your mode of transport will present, and try to take along only what you are sure you will need.\n\nLimit yourself to ensure that each photograph you take is creative. One such limitation would be to only photograph subjects that reflect one specific theme or idea. Restrict yourself to standing at one point or staying in one room for your next 100 photos. These limitations can force you to think outside the box and create more unusual photos.\n\n\nThough people tend to think that white is a desirable color to wear when having their photograph taken, in reality it is one of the worst. The camera is going to get a reading because it is set to auto-focus. White will register as an abundance of available light and cause an overexposed appearance in photos.\n\n\n\n\nTake your photo quickly. You never know how fast that perfect moment will leave you, so be ready to capture at any moment. Animals will move, people will not want to smile as long, or the candid moment will go away if you don’t take the shot when you can. Don’t spend all your time fiddling with settings while letting the opportunity for the shot slip away.\n\nPractice Shots\n\nChoosing a low quality setting allows you to store more pictures on your camera. However, the quality of your pictures will suffer from it. Only use the lower settings when you are absolutely sure that you will only be displaying the images on a computer screen.\n\n\nTry balancing white levels manually when you shoot pictures. This will convey a certain mood in your photos. It will also help you control how your pictures turn out. While you’ll have to adjust to this new setting, you’ll no doubt be pleased with the end results.\n\nYou can edit your pictures by yourself! There are a number of different types of photo editing programs out there. Choose a package that has a lot of options when it comes to editing your photos. Make sure to find a program that you can easily learn and use too!\n\nFor a gripping photo, experiment with depth of field. Lowering the f-stop will focus on the subject of your photograph, and blur the background of the picture. This is a good technique to use when the subject is up close, such as in portraits. Increasing the f-stop will make everything in the photograph in focus, foreground and background. This will work well for photographs of landscapes.\n\nSpecial filters are really extensions of your camera’s lens. You can screw filters directly onto the end of your lens set-up. The most frequently used filter is a UV filter. This type of filter will protect your lens from direct sunlight and it’s harmful UV rays. In addition, it can aid in protecting your lens from being damaged if dropped.\n\nWhen setting up a scene to be photographed, you must choose between emphasizing the subject’s highlights or shadows. On the other hand, if you take two pictures, using different conditions, you can use software to blend the two together into one image of perfection.\n\nRed Eye\n\n\n\n\nSharpness is something you need to understand and especially where in an image it happens. If you are taking a typical picture with typical settings, the center area of the pictures will be the sharpest. The image is more blurred around the edges of the frame.\n\nThink of your concept before shooting. Take some time out, and sit and jot down notes and ideas that you can use to make a better shot. This will help you avoid taking a bunch of unrelated photographs. If you do so, you will see results that are much more interesting.\n\nInvesting in a tripod can really make all the difference for getting optimal results when taking photographs. When taking active photos or low-speed photos, little bumps and jiggles will show in your pictures. If you use a basic tripod, you can get rid of blur. A quality tripod allows your pictures to look much more professional.\n\nThere is much more to capture than just a smiling face when it comes to photographing people. The human body provides ample opportunities for striking photography.\n\n\nImages can be taken in many angles, not only horizontal. Sometimes, the most striking photographs come when you turn the camera to capture a vertical shot. Zoom in to see some excellent detail. Zoom out in order to see the entire subject.\n\nThe key to a great picture is knowing what scenes and environments require flash or not. Don’t forget to turn it off after you have taken your photograph. There are situations where a great picture can be spoiled by too much light. Only use the flash in low light.\n\nDecide what the final use of your picture will be before you shoot it. For example, will the final photo be displayed horizontally or vertically? While it is possible to edit the picture after it’s been taken, it’s better to try and capture the moment as you imagine its final form.\n\nBefore you click the shutter, think about the purpose of your shot. There are some subjects that lend themselves to vertical shots and some that are better horizontally shot. It is always possible to edit a shot, but don’t give yourself extra work by using a poor angle.\n\nSealing positive emotions in a great photograph will often bring up positive emotions each time it is viewed. Real stories are told when people are allowed to express themselves as they really are. Look at famous war or depression era photographs to see how people have successfully captured more painful expressions. Your photos don’t need to reflect momentous events. Even an average moment on an average day can make a striking image if the subject’s emotions and expressions are authentic.\n\nAs you can tell, photography skills can empower you to capture the essence of a memorable person, place or object. With research, practice, and mindful experimentation, you can become an even better photographer.\n\nThough you may not think you need a flash outside, take a look and make sure. Blinding sun can create facial shadows. Your camera may have what is known as fill flash as a setting that can help with these shadows. This will ensure that light gets into every crease on your subject’s face, showing all the details in the finished product.\n\nPhotography Denmark", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9813882112503052}
+{"content": "What Are Access Control Systems?\n\nAccess control systems are electronic and physical systems that permit the government to control access to the area and particular in a physical center or computer-based information platform.\n\nThese programs are believed to be essential so as to keep and secure the private data of their organization or to give safety to the gear.\n\nThese programs are made to control system security restricting which users are allowed to utilize resources on a computer program. Find the best Access Control Solutions and Systems at Source 1 Solutions.\n\nWhat Are Access Control Systems?\n\nImage Source: Google\n\nOrganizations have sensitive information and Network security is crucial, particularly for those organizations that manage sensitive information and would like to keep their information.\n\nThe computer management system could be managed in a central place and gives a particular identity to each user, while a safety administrator will provide the access privileges to your workers, using settings inside the management program.\n\nHigh-Security Group is the UK's premier service for home and business security systems, providing services and products to the greatest standards and providing exceptional customer services.\n\nAbingdon accessibility is a renowned access control and CCTV solution provider firm working in the USA and provides a thorough assortment of those products, like cameras, digital video recorder, entrance phone, and exit switches and digital locks.\n\nTo guarantee the level of safety inside the associations working in the USA, many physical access control systems have been controlled by digital ones. As an example, a door could be unlocked with digital card readers, RFIDs, hand geometry components, fingerprint scanners, keypads, and balanced magnetic buttons.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9154547452926636}
+{"content": "Hepatitis: Musculoskeletal ManifestationsDz\n\nLast updated: November 4, 2014\n\nICD-9 Codes: Hepatitis A, 070.1; hepatitis B, 070.30; acute hepatitis C, 070.51; chronic hepatitis C, 070.54; lupoid hepatitis, 571.49; chronic active hepatitis, 571.49; drug-induced hepatitis, 573.3.\n\nDefinition: A variety of musculoskeletal disorders may be associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV).\n\nEtiology: The arthritis associated with acute HBV infection involves a serum sickness syndrome, with formation of circulating immune complexes. Immune complexes are deposited in joints and other parts of the body when the quantity of viral antigens approximates that of the antiviral antibodies. This is often transient, occurring as antigen levels fall and antibody levels rise, typically in the prodromal phase of clinical infection. In addition to arthritis, maculopapular rash, urticaria, and renal disease may result from formation of circulating immune complexes. In chronic HBV and HCV infections, formation of cryoglobulins (especially HCV) or induction of PAN can further lead to arthritic symptoms. Intermittent viremia may be responsible for chronic arthritis reported in both HBV and HCV infection. A direct viral cytopathogenic effect on the synovium has also been postulated in HBV infection.\n\n—HAV: Infection is transmitted enterally. The precise number of cases is not known; 30,000 cases/year are reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Actual numbers are likely much higher because the illness is frequently subclinical (30%–50% of adults have serologic evidence of past exposure to HAV, but only 3%–5% recall a clinically compatible acute illness). Transient arthralgia has been reported in 10% of patients and is twice as frequent in icteric patients. Arthritis rarely occurs in HAV infection.\n—HBV: Transmitted parenterally, sexually, and vertically, 200,000 cases of HBV occur annually in the United States, with 6% to 10% becoming chronic. Most cases occur in young adults, especially in high-risk groups such as parenteral drug users and some immigrant groups from endemic regions. Arthralgias develop in 25% of patients and frank arthritis in 10%; there is a slight male preponderance (1.5:1 male:female ratio).\n—HCV: Antibodies to HCV are detected in 1.4% of the U.S. population. Prevalence is higher in developing countries (>3%). Transmission is primarily via contaminated blood. Risk factors include parenteral drug use, tattooing, blood transfusions, and hemodialysis. In 40% to 50%, no risk factors can be identified. Persistent infection occurs in 50% to 60% of patients. HCV-associated arthritis is uncommon. Arthritic syndromes associated with type II cryoglobulinemia are more commonly symptomatic.\n\nCardinal Findings\n\nUncommon Findings\n—HAV: Rarely, cryoglobulinemia may occur with purpura and arthritis. There are rare reports of inflammatory reactive arthritis after HAV vaccination.\n—HBV: Cryoglobulinemia may occur. In persistent HBV infection, chronic polyarthritis may occur.\n—HCV: Anti-HCV antibodies have been detected in 14% of patients with PAN.\n\nDiagnostic Tests: See Hepatitis: Serologic Tests for more information.\n—HAV accounts for approximately 20% of cases of acute viral hepatitis in the United States. Anti-HAV IgM is found in acute HAV infection. Anti-HAV IgG indicates previous exposure to HAV. Serum transaminases rise in the prodromal phase and peak by the time jaundice develops. Other findings include leukopenia. In the icteric phase, many liver function abnormalities are noted, including hyperbilirubinemia and a prolonged prothrombin time, depending on the severity of the illness.\n—HBV causes approximately 60% of cases of acute viral hepatitis in the United States. HBsAg is the first serologic marker to appear; anti-HBsAg follows. In chronic HBV infection, HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) is detectable; anti-HBsAg is not. Serum transaminase levels vary and are often less than twice normal. Hyperbilirubinemia, if present, is usually mild. Serologic tests for ANA, RF, and native DNA are frequently positive in patients with acute or chronic HBV infection.\n—HCV causes approximately 20% of cases of acute viral hepatitis in the United States (but HCV is responsible for 90% of posttransfusion hepatitis). IgG anti-HCV antibody is usually not seen until 2 to 6 months after acute infection. Biochemical abnormalities are typically mild; transaminase levels often wax and wane. More sensitive assays for HCV infection include ELISA, recombinant immunoblot assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and branched DNA assay. Patients with HCV may be RF positive (75%) or ANA positive (>20%) or have anti–smooth muscle antibodies (>60%).\n\nDifferential Diagnosis\n\nKeys to Diagnosis: The availability of sensitive and specific assays for viral hepatitis has greatly simplified diagnosis. A high index of suspicion, especially when such risk factors for viral hepatitis as household exposure, blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and parenteral drug use are present, is the main key to establishing the correct diagnosis.\n\n—Arthritis: Acute arthritis is managed symptomatically with analgesics or NSAIDs. Chronic or intermittent arthritis may require additional measures. Many DMARDs cannot be used owing to hepatotoxic effects. Gold, hydroxychloroquine, and corticosteroids have been used with modest success. Recent studies suggest that TNF inhibitors may be used safely in patients with HCV and without flare of HCV infection, but further studies are needed. There are reports of HBV exacerbation and fulminant hepatitis occurring with TNF inhibitor use.\n—Cryoglobulinemia: Interferon alpha has been used successfully in the management of HCV infection. In patients with HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, interferon alpha can decrease the cryocrit and improve purpura, but symptoms often rebound after discontinuation of therapy. Purpura and arthritis can be managed with NSAIDs. If visceral organs such as the kidney and lung are involved, corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide may be required. Plasma exchange also has a role as a supplementary measure, especially with fulminant disease. Liver transplantation may be indicated in selected patients with chronic HCV infection.\n—PAN: PAN associated with HBV infection is often problematic to treat because interferon alpha has immunostimulatory effects and glucocorticoid therapy can exacerbate HBV infection. Corticosteroids are often used initially for rapid control of the most life-threatening manifestations of PAN. This can be followed by antiviral regimens of vidarabine or interferon alpha combined with cyclophosphamide, with plasma exchange playing a supplementary role.\n\n—HAV: Arthritis is usually transient and self-limited.\n—HBV: Arthritis is usually self-limited but may occasionally become chronic with persistent HBV infection. HBV-associated PAN, when treated, had an 83% survival rate in one series, compared with an untreated 5-year survival rate of 13%.\n—HCV: Arthritis is usually transient; rarely, it is chronic. HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia has a 70% 10 year survival rate overall; it is lower in patients who develop renal disease.\n\nOlivieri I, Palazzi C, Padula A. Hepatitis C virus and arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2003;29:111–122. PMID:12635503\nPyrsopoulos NT, Reddy KR. Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic viral hepatitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 200;3:71–78.PMID:11177698\n\nerror: Content is protected !!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.800269365310669}
+{"content": "Just How To DateMarry A Widow\n\nWriting Frankenstein essay becomes a nightmare for these pupils since they’re not able enough to manage the challenges of essay writing particularly the thesis statement. Academic writing is segment of your coursework that should be taken serious. Picking a story essay theme is an ambitious occupation to many pupils. Should you be adhered and you maynot create successful article illustration or you actually don’t have writing abilities, you could usually obtain expert support within our composition example writing firm. If figuring out how exactly to compose a powerful composition is a challenging career for you then you are able to request the support from experts who are able to demonstrate just how to write an essay. Visit our own essay writing business and relish particular and expert article solutions. Before beginning to create the dissertation assertion, make an outline of your own article and consider the crucial thought which you’re heading to provide within the article to make your dissertation statement.\n\nAdvertisement steps turn-off wi fi and mobile knowledge (+ that is ipad 3g) controls.\n\nDo not forget to follow the special arrangement of explanation within the physique of your own composition as said in your thesis statement. Here is the main argument which can be used inside an example article. This must be avoided as the essay need to depend on the argument mentioned in the thesis statement. Your whole essay full of large words will cause you to come across as trying too hard. You will likely even feel of other things to increase the article.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9681382775306702}
+{"content": "Life is meant to be blissful\n\nSpiritual Evolutution\n\nDeep subconscious\n\nOur spiritual evolution on planet Earth is a phenomenon often referred to by some as \"Ascension\". But what exactly are we speaking of in terms of this notion? It is a concept that may be confusing and perhaps fearful to some. But it is not some kind of interplanetary spontaneous combustion, where all of a sudden \"poof\" our physical body is a little pile of dust and the rest of our self is floating around glowing, \"between the worlds\" or in the cosmic soup of our galactic existence. In all truth, \"Ascension\" is a very \"down to earth\" notion, grounded in physical reality. Ascension is all about getting really clear through the lens of our self perception to accept and start living our own divine nature. In fact, our survival and the survival of this beautiful planet depend on it.\n\nThis requires that we experience our divine nature in real time, in the physical world. It translates into taking responsibility for our actions and the intent behind them. Choices are powerful. And so, ascension is really referring to the process of self-mastery for each and every member of humanity. As the Hermetic Doctrine states: \"As above, so below.\" Ascension asks us to recognize that we are microcosms of the macrocosm, \"starseeds\" of the creator. As children of God/dess we possess the same blue print on a much smaller scale of course. We are meant to realize our God and Goddess selves incarnate, in body and create heaven on earth. This is not pie in the sky. There are very practical applications required to walk our divine walk and talk our divine talk, including shifting how we think and perceive ourselves. Quantum Scientists support this notion. Ascension is not some exorbitant workshop requiring this activation and that exclusive piece of knowledge, etc. I do agree that part of the process is our DNA evolving; starting at higher energy levels of our light bodies and finally manifesting at the physical. There is scientific research documenting the phenomenon of DNA evolution already taking place. But more importantly we have the opportunity to consciously participate in this process in very accessible ways.\n\nSelf-mastery is not exclusive to any group of people, belief system or economic bracket. It is truly time for each and every one of us to embrace who we are as \"spiritual beings having a human experience\". However, our negative ego consciousness gets in the way of conceiving and perceiving this possibility that we are God and Goddess incarnate. It has everything to do with how are brains have been wired over the past few thousand years, thereby causing us to feel very separate from the Creator and pretty much anything but \"Godly\".\n\nAccording to Leonard Schlain's book \"The Alphabet vs. the Goddess\" we are in the process of rewiring our brains in a way, having been in a left brain orientation for the past few thousand years or so. In a channeled message from Archangel Uriel, I was told that this has resulted in an affect much like a brain concussion. The left brain analyzes and sees things as separate. The right brain sees things holistically and helps us feel connected. Ancient civilizations used to be more right brain oriented until the advent of the alphabet. The shift from hieroglyphs to alphabet sort of fried our brains. Perhaps the story of the Tower of Babel is an analogy for this event. When we speak of the Goddess consciousness re-emerging planetarily at this time, it is really about a return to thinking with the right brain; plugging into it's way of perceiving, understanding, problem solving, and feeling connected to each other and all of creation, instead of using the left brain (i.e. male dominant thought) exclusively. We are meant to use both sides of the brain equally and become whole. We are meant to heal the illusion of separation that has been induced by left brain dominant culture. The left brain corresponds with the Solar/God self. The right brain corresponds with the Lunar/Goddess self. Though generally speaking we incarnate in physical bodies that are either masculine or feminine, energetically just as the angels, and the Godhead we possess the energies and attributes of both God and Goddess, masculine and feminine. Hence our ability to both conceive a vision or goal and then proceed to manifest it. We draw on our solar and lunar self depending on the needs of our circumstances i.e. taking action a \"masculine\" attribute or using our instincts to make the best decision, a \"feminine\" attribute. The Creator is male and female; both and all.\n\nDisconnection, separation and the experience of everything outside of the self as \"other\" is the innate predisposition of the analytical left brain. I believe this is a way to understand what the yogis speak of when referring to the world of illusion. A strictly left-brain orientation is third dimensional reality and for those who buy into this limited perception they believe it is the only one. Poor left brainers! One is the loneliest number.\nNow even quantum physics has shown a vision of multi-dimensionality through string theory. The left brain orientation that we have inherited in more recent history has interfered with our ability to conceptualize our godselves in many ways in body, by creating this perception of third dimensional reality of limitation and alienation. But I believe now the time is at hand. Our brains are healing from the \"concussion\" Archangel Uriel spoke of. We see this phenomenon manifesting in many ways. Even corporate America is catching on. Companies in the US are hiring Intuition Consultants to teach their staff how to use this creative problem solving aspect of our right brain to give them an added edge in the market place. This is the result of corporate CEO's admitting that they do not base their most important decisions on analysis, but on gut instincts (that is right brain/intuition). Intuition is considered \"the new frontier\" of human evolution. When we hear slogans like \"Goddess Rising\" the mass consciousness is experiencing the healing of right brain oriented thought, referred to many as goddess consciousness; which in part provides the feeling of oneness and connection we have longed for within our selves and with one another. The cadeseus is originally said to represent the twin soul flames of Isis and Osiris, brother and sister, husband and wife, King and Queen, God and Goddess of Ancient Egypt. We can view this symbol's spiral as representing the DNA within our very own being reconnecting resparking all 12 strands of God and Goddess consciousness, as it weaves, re-balances, interconnects and intersects at new levels of our mind, body and spirit.\n\nConscious participation through practices such as meditation can support this process of balance and wholeness. The right brain connects us to the divine experience within, so we don't feel separate any longer, and at the same time connects us to all of humanity, as each person is a mirror of this phenomenon; the one called unconditional love for self and other. Meanwhile the left brain provides the experience of now relating our own unique individual expressions of our God and Goddess-selves, in body. This way we get the added benefit of experiencing how each and every separate and unique expression of humanity is sacred without exception. Pretty neat, huh? The \"in-body\" experiment is being taken to a new phase.\n\nIn practical terms self mastery does not have to be a remote, expensive or unattainable process. It can be facilitated through simple and affordable practices such as meditation, which quiets the left brain activity and bring us into harmony with the receptive qualities of the right brain. Energy healing clears the blocks to our inner light, particularly with its ability to healing the emotional body. Psychological counseling has helped us understand our issues intellectually (the left brain understanding), however the healing is often incomplete until resolution moves from the mental body into the emotional body (the right brain understanding). We have been very preoccupied with healing our issues mentally and analytically due to our predilection to the left brain approach. Only more recently has science been opening to the mind/body connection in order to achieve a total or holistic approach to wellness. Energy healing and meditation are examples of ways to achieve integration of our God (left brain) and Goddess/self (right brain).\n\nAscension is about increasing our light, through enlightenment in the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual bodies, ridding ourselves of any stigmas of the stereo-typed masculine and feminine self, reigning in the negative ego that likes to beat up both, and thinking in healthier ways with both sides of our brain. As a result of spiritual growth and healing in our energy bodies (i.e. physical, emotional, mental and spiritual) we increase our light by coming into balance and embracing our totality. We accept the gifts of the god and goddess internally and externally; and unify internally. We experience sacred union, conjunction, oneness, wholeness, holiness. We ascend in body.\n\nThis is how we create heaven on earth, taking responsibility for healing the schism within, healing any issues we have externally with men and women, by healing our inner masculine and feminine that it be reflected back to us in circumstances of wholeness, not issues of other, separation and disconnection from the rest of humanity. Just like the hundred monkey theory, I believe through one epiphany at a time, one light bulb or \"ah ha\" moment, one energetic shift in body at a time, this evolution in consciousness will having a rippling outward affect as each of us plug in to our wholeness. The waves of awakening, connection, and return to unconditional love and remembering our oneness will wash over and uplift us all. We will ascend to a higher perspective and wisdom that we may see God and Goddess in all of creation and one another. Then we will actively begin to participate in co-creating heaven on earth in earnest.\n\nRev. Nancy Fanara-Berrian is a Master Teacher/Healer in Shamballa Multi-Dimensional Healing and Usui Reiki. Having studied metaphysics and energy healing for close to twenty years, she integrates these and other methods of natural healing to facilitate soul level healing for her clients. She offers a variety of workshops that focus on self mastery and spiritual growth and individual consultations by phone. A talented channel and medium, she is an ordained, Interfaith Minister, Priestess and Adept within the Fellowship of Isis.\nWe no longer have her contact details.\n\nAscension Meditation in New Zealand\n\n\n(Visited 14 times, 1 visits today)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5725150108337402}
+{"content": "Khruangbin meets Scientist\n\nCosmic surf-funk revivalists Khruangbin meet the dubwise prowess of Scientist, at the controls for a live dub mix of the band.\n\nDevotees of pan-global psychedelia, Khruangbin's music draws on a rich tapestry of influences from Afghani pop, to Thai funk, to Middle Eastern soul. Scientist meanwhile learnt his craft working underneath the mighty architect of dub, King Tubby. What connects the two is a flair for the unconventional and a fearless pursuit of sounds from elsewhere.\n\nWe'll talk to Khruangbin to understand their conscious drive towards a sound that traces the threads of a psych-funk diaspora. Joining them live on stage, Scientist will take full control of their sound, mixing the band live on stage in true dub fashion.\n\nDate & Location\n\nMontalbán Theatre\n\n\n\n\nKhruangbin is a psychedelic trio from Burton, Texas who draw inspiration from 1960's Thai funk, 1970's Persian rock and 1980's Algerian symphonia with a dash of disco, soul and balearic music.\n\n\n\nHopeton Brown, from Kingston, Jamaica, is best known as Scientist.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.812335729598999}
+{"content": "(Photo – Leon Neal/Getty Images)\n\nTheresa May managed to survive a vote of no confidence last night but there are still questions about what lies ahead for the Prime Minister.\n\nthumbnail for post ID 8361503Ukip attacks ex-leader Nigel Farage after he suggests he may start a new party\n\nPrior to the voting May had told her MPs that she would not lead them during the next general election, but various politicians including fellow conservative Jacob Rees-Mogg have said that she should resign now.\n\nTheresa May last won an election in June 2017 which means she still has quite a lot of time before her party would have to face another general election, unless it was brought forward.\n\nHere is what you need to know about when the next election is set to take place and how it could happen earlier.\n\nLIVERPOOL, ENGLAND - SEPTEMBER 26: Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn delivers his key note speech on the final day of the Labour Party Conference on September 26, 2018 in Liverpool, England. The four-day annual Labour Party Conference takes place at the Arena and Convention Centre in Liverpool and is expected to attract thousands of delegates and features keynote speeches from party politicians and over 450 fringe events. (Photo by Ian Forsyth/Getty Images)\nJeremy Corbyn will be hoping to get an early general election (Photo – Ian Forsyth/Getty Images)\n\nWhen is the next UK general election?\n\n\nThe next election is currently scheduled for 5 May 2022 which is decided under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 which says that parliamentary elections must be held every five years.\n\nThe act was introduced by Nick Clegg during the Conservative-Lib Dem coalition.\n\nCan the date be brought forward?\n\nThere are a couple of different ways that an election can be held before the scheduled date.\n\nSnap election\n\nFirstly there is the possibility of a ‘snap election’ which can be initiated by politicians before an election isn’t actually required.\n\nIf a snap election takes place, the winning party can then serve a full five year term.\n\nBefore the 2011 Fixed-Term Parliaments Act it was possible for the current Prime Minister to request a dissolution from the monarch.\n\nA snap election can now only happen if an early election motion is passed by at least two thirds of the House of Commons after the Prime Minister has made a request for the general election to take place.\n\nVote of confidence\n\nThe other way that a general election can be triggered is if a government loses a vote of no confidence by a majority.\n\n\nIf a new government isn’t formed with majority support from MPs within 14 days then parliament is dissolved and an early general election is made.\n\nThis is slightly different to the no confidence vote made by conservatives this week as it would involve the whole government.\n\nMORE: Jacob Rees-Mogg says it’s ‘not impossible’ Theresa May might still resign\n\nMORE: What happens now Theresa May has survived confidence vote?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8488690853118896}
+{"content": "Home Nieuws Hearing European Court in BREIN vs Filmspeler\n\nHearing European Court in BREIN vs Filmspeler\n\nThe European Court (CJEU) heard pleadings from the parties today, as well as the Commission and Spain. The Court examines four pre-judicial questions submitted by the Dutch District Court of Lelystad. The case concerns the sale of a mediaplayer on which the trader has loaded add-ons that link to evidently illegal websites that link to content. For a user such a player is ‘plug & play’. This king of pre-programmed player ussually are offered with slogans like ‘never pay again for the newest films and series’ and ‘completely legal, downloading from illegal sources is prohibited but streaming is allowed’. In summary the pre-judicial questions concern whether the seller of such a mediaplayer infringes copyright and whether streaming from an illegal source is legitimate use.\n\nBREIN argues on the basis of the CJEU’s GS Media verdict that the seller is infringing: he selects the add-ons, knows that these unlock illegal content and does so for profit. Filmspeler argues that there no communication the public or a crucial intervention, because the add-ons and websites are freely accessible on the internet, Filmspler only is making things easier. Filmspler’s argument that it only sells hardware was dismissed by the Court: “you also sell software and know what it can do”.\nThe Commission is not on the side of this kind of trade but believes there are enough means to enforce against it without deeming their behaviour infringing. The Commission refers to the possibility to get an injunction against intermediaries (article 8.3 Enforcement Directive), blocking of access to a site (CJEU’s UPC Wien verdict), prohibition of circumvention of copyright protection technology (article 6 Enforcement Directive) and securing open wifi networks (CJEU’s McFadden verdict). Spain explicitly rejected the Commission’s opinion and argues that it follows from the GS Media ruling that there is infringement: the treader selects the add-ons knowing they are illegal. Spain also argues that streaming from an illegal source is not legitimate use. The Commission’s opinion is that from a user’s perspective streaming is equal to watching and therefor is legitimate. BREIN argues that it follows from the CJEU’s case law that such streaming is infringing, parallel to downloading from an illegal source (CJEU’s ACI Adam verdict).\nThe hearing was very lively with many questions from the judges and the Advocate General (AG) to the lawyers of the parties and the Commission. for example the question who would be an infringer if the various aspects (uploading content, developing add-ons, installing add-ons on player, selling player) of the offer via the mediaplayer would be performed by four different persons. BREIN argues that the combination of these aspects is leading to infringement. The Commission is of the opinion that the aspects are to be seen as separate intermediaries. \nThe AG will take his conclusion on 8 December 2016. The ruling by the Court usually follows around three months later.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9218190312385559}
+{"content": "Key Challenges In Enterprise Mobile App Development and How To Overcome Them?\n\n\nKey Challenges In Enterprise Mobile App Development and How To Overcome Them\n\nIn the present world where anything and everything is dependent on technology, the need for Mobile Application for any organization has become a necessity rather than an option. It has become a great source of information. It plays a vital role in achieving the objectives and goals of any organization or enterprise and has become the face the brand. Due to the increase in the number of mobile users and the popularity of mobile application, organizations are adopting Mobile App Development to drive more growth and to ease their work.\n\nThe most crucial factor that needs attention in this arena is nothing but the security. This should be a priority when it comes to enterprise mobile app development. The main aim is nothing but to make it pocket-friendly by reducing the cost of the enterprise, making it more flexible. A Mobile Application Developer needs to be updated with all the latest challenges, the new innovations in technology so that his app finds a relevant space in today’s fast-paced developments.\n\nSo, what are some of the key challenges in enterprise mobile app development? Check them out:\n\nThe Enterprise Mobile Application Development Security\n\nAs mentioned, security is the prime factor that needs to be considered while developing a new enterprise mobile application. In fact, it can be termed as a challenge! There are many crucial data and other important documents stored in your database that can be accessed by the employees. So, it becomes the prime and the most crucial responsibility of any developer to secure what you are developing, no matter if it is an application for the customer or any application for the internal purpose. Hacking becomes just an easy task if you have no security.\n\nUse SSL certificates to ensure your users that your app is safe and secure to use. Also, usage of encryption helps to provide protection against mobile device security threats as this needs a PIN and Password for accessibility. Impersonating mobile applications is also a way to ensure security.\n\nEmerging New Technologies\n\nAlike security, the cost of developing a new app is a crucial factor for any enterprise. Developers need to be very choosy while selecting the type of technology. Implement HTML5, CSS3 that are cross-platform technologies reduce overall cost, takes minimal time, and is portable as well across other platforms. A few security issues, limited data storage are some of the limitations while using these technologies. Also, various other technologies offer better platform but the take more time to market it effectively that will apparently increase the cost.\n\nContent Management\n\nThe access to corporate data is the most crucial factor in creating a strong and naive enterprise mobile app. It should have not only immense data storage capabilities but right synchronization of the needed data. Any data should be available for the person if he is online.\n\nConsidering these challenges, a seamless sync of enterprise app and back-end data is a must. The sync of various types of other content including images, videos, and other files so that it can be uploaded on various app stores is also another crucial challenge.\n\nCreating better UX\n\nAs we all know, the success of any mobile app depends on the user interface. The user experience determines not only the success of an app but also the death of it. It should be able to meet all the requirements of a user and if its an organization, it should meet the needs of the branding. Less time for connecting to the server, proper mapping of the content, a responsive website, easy-to-use application to increase its popularity, and eye-catching icons are some of the tips one can take into consideration to enhance better user experience.\n\nDevice Fragmentation\n\nDevice Fragmentation is another challenge faced by the enterprise mobile app development arena. Earlier, the developers focussed on building enterprise solutions for a few platforms and the OS used by the enterprises. The challenge lies in designing and developing solutions that will work on all platforms and that supports a plethora of mobile devices.\n\nA few steps are there which can be considered by the developers to optimize enterprise mobile apps across various platforms. One is to identify the most popular platforms that can be considered for the smooth operation of your app. Also, you can consider one such dependable enterprise mobile app development practice for all platforms.\n\nShare :", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7776103019714355}
+{"content": "Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards Preview\n\nMicrobiology & Infectious Disease > Gram Positive Bacteria > Flashcards\n\nFlashcards in Gram Positive Bacteria Deck (25):\n\nDescribe the gram positive bacteria cell wall.\n\n- it has a thick peptidoglycan cell wall\n- no outer membrane\n\n\nWhat are the three groups of gram positive bacteria?\n\n- Firmicutes : endospore forming (Bacillus), Nonsporulating (Staphlyococcus)\n-Mollicutes : no peptidoglycan cell wall (Mycoplasma)\n-Actinobacteria : Mycobacterium, filamentous (Streptomyces)\n\n\nExplain the situation with spore forming bacilli (Firmicutes)\nL> shape of them?\nL> what is the f(x) of the spores?\n\n- gram positive RODS (their shape) hence why they are called BACILLI\n- they produce endospores: highly differentiated cells which arise by asymmetric division\n- These spores aid in survival bc they are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, radiation and dehydration. It is a dormant stage that can last for years.\n- Dispersal: wind, water and animal gut\n\n\nWhat is the difference between spore formation in bacteria and fungi?\n\n- fungi form spores via sexual reproduction and therefore separate these from endospores...they are NEVER formed this way\n\n\nDescribe Bacillus anthracis.\nL> what does it cause\nL> stats?\nL> grows where?\nL> What can it potentially be used as?\n\n- causes anthrax\n- 80% mortality when untreated\n- grows in lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue of lungs\n- death from septicaemia. haemorrhagic meningitis\n- potential bioagent in biowarfare\nL> it is very treatable via common antibodies.\n\n\nThe universal evolutionary tree is based on what?\n\n- rRNA sequence\n- three domains: Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes\n\n\nAnthrax poisoning is very common with whom?\n\n- people that work with animal hides via cuts. The toxins taken in via respiratory are very different symptoms and are more toxic this way= untreatable. The spores are what make Bacillus anthracis a potential bioweapon\n\n\nLifecycle of an endospore forming bacterium?\n\n- Vegetative cell --> Sporulating cell (veg cell has a developing spore inside it) --> mature spore breaks off from the cell --> germination occurs and you have a new vegetative cell.\n- poor conditions are when spore formation occurs and favourable conditions will bring the spore into germination....the spore protects DNA\n\n\nDescribe the endospore structure.\nL> simple or complex?\nL>contains what acid complexed with what ion?\nL> core?\n\n- it is complex with many layers\n- contains dipicolinic acid complexed with Ca 2+\nL> dehydrates endospore and stabilizes DNA (resistant to UV)\n- core contains small acid soluble proteins (SASP)\nL>Bind DNA- protection from damage..less sensitive to UV damage and important as a nutrient source once germ occurs.\nL>Carbon and energy source for germination\n\n\nDescribe the two scenarios division in endospore forming bacterium depending on good or bad conditions.\n\n1. Binary fission (Good conditions) - Replication of genome occurs and the cell is split in half.\n2. Sporulation (Bad Conditions) - chromosomes are distributed along the entire cell for division--(asymmetric division)-->Full copy of genome will be in the forespore (tip of mother cell). The forespore gets engulfed in the mother cell. Spore forms (other cell dies) and it goes into a dormant stage...good conditions will bring it into germination.\n\n\nDescribe the layers of a bacterial endospore.\n\n- exosporium\n- spore coat\n-core wall\n\n\nDifferences between the vegetative cells and endospores?\n\n- calcium content is high in endospore not in veg cell\n-dipicolinic acid is absent in veg cell but present in endospore\n-enzyme activity is high in veg cell but low in endospore\n-metabolism is high in veg cell but is low or absent in endospore\n- mRNA is present in veg cell but low or absent in endospore\n-radiation resistant present in endospore but not veg\n-high water content in veg cell (80-90%) and low in endospore core (10-25%)\n- SASP is absent in veg but present in endo\n\n\nDiscuss the parasporal body in Bacillus thuringiensis.\n\n- it is toxic to insect larvae not humans.\n- it is converted to something toxic in the gut of the insect...secondary metabolite\n- insect resistant GM crops?\n\n\nGive an example of nonsporulating Gram Positive Bacteria.\n\n- Staphylococcus\nL> aerobic, cocci\nL> resistant to reduced water potential\nL> tolerate high salt\nL> many species are pigmented\nL> staphylococcus aureus (yellow)\nL> methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)\n\n\nWhat group of gram positive bacteria have no cell walls?\nL> compensation?\n\n- Mycoplasma\nL> no cell wall visible by EM\nL> key components of peptidoglycan are absent (hence odd shape of bacterium)\nL> membranes contain sterols and lipoglycans which stabilize the membrane\n\n\nMycoplasma cells are considered what?\n\n- pleomorphic\nL> cells may be cocci or filaments of various lengths\n- some of the smallest organisms capable of autonomous growth\n\n\n- describe them\n\n- some of the smallest organisms capable of autonomous growth - smallest genome\n- parasites that inhabit animal and plant hosts\n- often defective in several biosynthetic pathways bc they are parasites obv\n- Mycoplasma genitalium: Host associated, genome 580kbp and 470 ORFs\n\n\nActinobacteria: Mycobacterium\nL> describe them\nL> example?\n\n- rod shaped organisms, can be somewhat pleomorphic\n- obligate aerobe\n- facultative intracellular parasite (can live within macrophages)\n- complex cell wall\n- Mycobacterium tuberculosis : cause of TB..discovered by Robert Koch\n- some grow very slowly...TB has a gen time of 15-20 hours (ecoli = 20min) but this allows them to go un noticed by the host immune system\n\n\nDescribe the structure of the Mycobacterial cell wall.\n\n- gram positive even though it doesn't stain as one\n- Plasma Membrane\n- Arabinogalactin\n- Mycolic Acids\n\n\nFilamentous Actinomycetes: Streptomyces.\nL> Brief description of it's biology; what is it very similar to growth wise?\n\n- filamentous, gram positive bacteria\n- branching filaments: produce mycelium analogous to mycelium of filamentous fungi\n- Produce spores called conidia (asexually)\n- important secondary metabolites\n- strict aerobes that produce many extracellular enzymes (important in breaking down plant cell walls)\n- genomes are typically large\n\n\n\n- primary soil microorganism\n- over 500 species\n- abundant and important in soil\nL> major role in the cycling of carbon trapped in insoluble organic debris\nL> produce many and diverse hydrolytic exoenzymes\nL> 7 cellulases and 5 chitinases\n\n\nExplain Streptomyces coelicolor life cycle.\n\n-vegetative hyphae emerge from germinating spore\n- mycelial growth: tip extension gives filaments, few cell walls, many copies of the genome in each cell, elongate and branch on the surface and penetrate the medium\n- Nutrient depletion results in a switch to growth of aerial hyphae\nL> complex signalling cascade, production of a surfactant that coats some emerging filaments this allows them to grow away from the substrate, substrate mycelia used as nutrient source\n- Once aerial hyphal growth stops synchronous, multiple septation to give rise to prespore compartments (one copy of genome)\n- Mature and develop characteristic grey pigment\n\n\nDescribe spore formation in Streptomyces.\n\n- spores produced when colony ages\n- aerial filaments (sporophores)\nL> Multinucleated, cross walls form, individual cells develop into spores\n- spores are for survival and dispersal\n\n\nDescribe streptomyces wtr antibiotic production\n\n- secondary metabolites\n- 50% of all isolated streptomyces produce antibodies\n- over 500 antibodies produced by them\n- approx 50 with human, veterinary or industrial applications\n- Ex: Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines\n- production is linked to sporulation\n- potential survival strategy?? Decrease competition by producing secondary metabolites to continue to grow aerial hyphae via clearing area around it.\n\n\nDescribe some characteristics of conidia?\n\n- formed at end of aerial hyphae\n- resistant to dehydration\n- dormant but more active than endospores wtr metabolism\n- formed by the septation of terminal aerial filaments\n- role in dispersal and survival in adverse conditions", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999904632568359}
+{"content": "Organize documents with File Juggler\n\nFile juggler is great for organizing documents.\n\nYou create rules that tell File Juggler wich files it should take action on and where to move them, how to rename them and more.\n\nFile juggler can read the contents of your files and extract snippets of information that it can use in rules. You can extract dates, company names, customer numbers and more from your documents and use them to organize your files.\n\nUse the content of files to rename and move\n\nFile Juggler organize your documents based on their content.\n\nThis rule will take all files that contain \"Volkswagen\" and move them to \"Carmakers\".\n\n/Screenshots/volkswagen invoices\n\nIf you need to organize different types of content in the same way, you can create variables.\n\nThis rule does the same as the rule above, but it uses a list of carmakers.\n\nThis way you can easily organize all Carmakers the same way.\n\nRead more about this here.\n\nExtract dates from a documents\n\nYou can extract dates from documents and use them to rename or move the document.\n\nThis rule extracts a date from the document, and adds it to the file name.\n\nYou can change the output format of the date.\n\nThis reads a date in any format and uses the date to move a file into a folder called Year\\Month\\", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9922071099281311}
+{"content": "The next phase in our writing courses, Writing Advancement moves away from the structure of earlier levels and instead engages students to compose multiple creative pieces within a broader topic. This program guides students in exercising the intensive and involved writing process they’ve built up from earlier levels while working within a theme spanning the entire term. \n\nA discussion-based format allows students to reflect and review different techniques and styles. Using their customized student workbooks, they begin to develop a deeper understanding of writing as a form of expression best executed through multiple drafts. Small class sizes allow the teachers to provide personalized guidance as students work together to edit each others’ compositions and develop stronger self-editing techniques before finalizing each piece.\n\n\nAt a glance", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9996846914291382}
+{"content": "Laptops hurt male fertility\n\nUsing a laptop may not be good for male reproductive health, according to a study.\n\n\n\nIn the study, thermometers were used to measure the temperature of the scrotums of 29 young men balancing a laptop on their knees. Even with a lap pad under the computer, the men`s scrotums overheated quickly.\n\n\"Millions and millions of men are using laptops now, especially those in the reproductive age range,\" said Sheynkin. \"Within 10 or 15 minutes their scrotal temperature is already above what we consider safe, but they don`t feel it.\"\n\n\n\n\n\nHolding a laptop on the knees, though, requires keeping the legs still and closed. After one hour in this position, the researchers found that the men`s testicle temperature had risen by up to 2.5 C.\n\nA lap pad kept the computer cool and meant that less heat was transmitted to the skin, but Sheynkin warned it didn`t do much to cool the testicles and might give a false sense of security.\n\n\"I wouldn`t say that if someone starts to use laptops they will become infertile,\" Sheynkin told Reuters Health, though he warned that frequent use might contribute to reproductive problems because \"the scrotum doesn`t have time to cool down.\"\n\n\n\nBureau Report", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9880260825157166}
+{"content": "Mysterious dark matter gets all the more elusive\n\n\n\n\nA team using the MPG/ESO 2.2-meter telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory, along with other telescopes, has mapped the motions of more than 400 stars up to 13,000 light-years from the Sun.\n\n\n“The amount of mass that we derive matches very well with what we see -- stars, dust and gas -- in the region around the Sun,” said team leader Christian Moni Bidin (Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile).\n\n“But this leaves no room for the extra material -- dark matter -- that we were expecting. Our calculations show that it should have shown up very clearly in our measurements. But it was just not there!”\n\nDark matter is a mysterious substance that cannot be seen, but shows itself by its gravitational attraction for the material around it.\n\nThis extra ingredient in the cosmos was originally suggested to explain why the outer parts of galaxies, including our own Milky Way, rotated so quickly, but dark matter now also forms an essential component of theories of how galaxies formed and evolved.\n\nToday it is widely accepted that this dark component constitutes about the 80 percent of the mass in the universe, despite the fact that it has resisted all attempts to clarify its nature, which remains obscure. All attempts so far to detect dark matter in laboratories on Earth have failed.\n\nBy very carefully measuring the motions of many stars, particularly those away from the plane of the Milky Way, the team could work backwards to deduce how much matter is present. The motions are a result of the mutual gravitational attraction of all the material, whether normal matter such as stars, or dark matter.\n\nAstronomers’ existing models of how galaxies form and rotate suggest that the Milky Way is surrounded by a halo of dark matter.\n\nThey are not able to precisely predict what shape this halo takes, but they do expect to find significant amounts in the region around the Sun. But only very unlikely shapes for the dark matter halo - such as a highly elongated form - can explain the lack of dark matter uncovered in the new study.\n\nThe new results also mean that attempts to detect dark matter on Earth by trying to spot the rare interactions between dark matter particles and “normal” matter are unlikely to be successful.\n\n“Despite the new results, the Milky Way certainly rotates much faster than the visible matter alone can account for,” said Christian Moni Bidin.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8571521043777466}
+{"content": "And to think…\n\nMany of you must have watched the news headlines on TV this week; many might have gathered it from the ‘net.\n\nMumbai—and much of Maharashtra—has gone down under. Under water.\n\nAnd to think that all this water is now going to go purely to waste, completely unused.\n\n… And that, starting some time right from say February next year, we are once again going to yell desperately about water shortage, about how water-tankers have already begun plying on the “roads” near the drought-hit villages. … May be we will get generous and send not just 4-wheeler tankers but also an entire train to a drought-hit city or two…\n\n\nOK. Here’s something less depressing. [H/t Jennifer Ouellette (@JenLucPiquant) ]:\n\n“More than 2,000 years ago, people were able to create ice in the desert even with temperatures above freezing!” [^]\n\nThe write-up mentions a TED video by Prof. Aaswath Raman. Watched it out of idle interest, checked out his Web site, and found another TED video by him, here [^]. Raman cites statistics that blew me!\n\nThey spend “only” $24 billion on supermarket refrigeration (and other food-related cooling), but they already spend $42 billion on data-center cooling!!\n\nBut, any way, I did some further “research” and landed at a few links, like the Wiki on Yakhchal [^], on wind-catcher [^], etc.  Prof. Raman’s explanation in terms of the radiative cooling was straight-forwards, but I am not sure I understand the mechanism behind the use of a qanat [^] in Yakhchal/windcatcher cooling. It would be cool to do some CFD simulations though.\n\nFinally, since I am once again out of a job (and out of all my saved money and in fact also into credit-card loans due to some health issue cropping up once again), I was just idly wondering about all this renewable energy business, when something struck me.\n\nThe one big downside of windmills is that the electricity they generate fluctuates too much. You can’t rely on it; the availability is neither 24X7 nor uniform. Studies in fact also show that in accommodating the more or less “random” output of windmills into the conventional grid, the price of electricity actually goes up—even if the cost of generation alone at the windmill tower may be lower. Further, battery technology has not improved to such a point that you could store the randomly generated electricity economically.\n\nSo, I thought, why not use that randomly fluctuating windmill electricity in just producing the hydrogen gas?\n\nNo, I didn’t let out a Eureka. Instead, I let out a Google search. After all, the hydrogen gas could be used in fuel-cells, right? Would the cost of packaging and transportation of hydrogen gas be too much? … A little searching later, I landed at this link: [^]. Ummm… No, no, no…. Why shoot it into the natural gas grid? Why not compress it into cylinders and transport by trains? How does the cost economics work out in that case? Any idea?\n\nAddendum on the same day, but after about a couple of hours:\n\nYes, I did run into this link: “Hydrogen: Hope or Hype?” [^] (with all the links therein, and then, also this: [^]).\n\nBut before running into those links, even as my googling on “hydrogen fuel energy density” still was in progress, I thought of this idea…\n\nWhy at all transport the hydrogen fuel from the windmill farm site to elsewhere? Why not simply install a fuel cell electricity generator right at the windmill farm? That is to say, why not use the hydrogen fuel generated via electrolysis as a flywheel of sorts? Get the idea? You introduce a couple of steps in between the windmill’s electricity and the conventional grid. But you also take out the fluctuations, the bad score on the 24X7 availability. And, you don’t have to worry about the transportation costs either.\n\nWhat do you think?\n\nAddendum on 12th July 2018, 13:27 hrs IST\n\nFurther, I also browsed a few links that explore another,  solution: using compressed air: a press report [^], and a technical paper [^]. (PDF of the paper is available, but the paper would be accessible only to mechanical engineers though. Later Update: As to the press report, well, the company it talks about has already merged with another company, and has abandoned the above-ground storage of compressed air [^])\n\nI think that such a design reduces the number of steps of energy conversions. However, that does not necessarily mean that the solution involving hydrogen fuel generation and utilization (both right at the wind-farm) isn’t going to be economical.\n\nEconomics determines (or at least must determine) the choice. Enough on this topic for now. Wish I had a student working with me; I could have then written a paper after studying the solution I have proposed above. (The idea is worth a patent too. Too bad I don’t have the money to file one. Depressing, once again!!)\n\nOK. Enough for the time being. I may later on add the songs section if I feel like it. And, iterative modifications will always be done, but will be mostly limited to small editorial changes. Bye for now.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAlso, eat a lot more onions than you normally do.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNow figure out:\n\n\n\n\nA Song I Like:\n\nMusic: Manas Mukherjee\nSingers: Manna Dey and Asha Bhosale\nLyrics: Vithalbhai Patel\n\nMicro-level water-resources engineering—7: Dealing with the [upcoming] summer\n\nLast monsoon, we’ve mostly had excess rain-fall in most parts of Maharashtra, even over India, taken as a whole.\n\nThough the weather in Maharashtra still is, for the most part, pleasantly cool, the autumn season this year (in India) is about to get over, right this month.\n\nTherefore, right now, i.e. right at the beginning of February, is the perfect time to empirically check the water levels in all those check-dams/farm-ponds you have. … That’s because, evaporation is going to happen at an accelerating pace from now on…\n\nBetween end-October (say Diwali) and March (say Holi), every solar year in India, the reduction in the levels of the stored water is dominated by the following two factors:\n(i) seepage (i.e. the part which occurs after the rains cease), and\n(ii) usage (i.e. the irrigation for the “rabbi” (i.e. the winter agricultural) season).\n\nBut from now on, the dominant factor is going to be the third one, namely, (iii) evaporation, and it is going to be increasingly ever more important throughout the upcoming summer, i.e., until the arrival of the next monsoon.\n\nAs I had earlier pointed out in this series  [^][^], in Maharashtra, the losses due to evaporation are expected to be about 5–8 feet (or 1 to 1.5 “puruSh”) deep.\n\nDon’t take my word for it. … Go out and actually check it out. (Take snap-shots for your own record, if you wish.)\n\nThe beginning of February is also the perfect time to start executing on your plans for any maintenance- or new construction-activities on any check-dams/farm-ponds/residential water conservation that you might have thought of, in your mind. If you start executing on it now, you still have a very realistic framework of about 4–4.5 months left, before the next monsoon rains are slated to arrive [give or take about a half month here or there].\n\n…Just a reminder, that’s all.\n\nKeep in touch, best, and bye for now…\n\n[As usual, I may come back and edit this post a bit after its publication, say, after a couple of days or so… I don’t know why, but things like that—viz., thinking about what I did happen to write, always happen to me. But the editing wouldn’t be too much. … OK. … Bye [really] for now.]\n\n\nMicro-level water-resources engineering—6: Evaporation\n\nAs compared to the last year, public awareness about water resources has certainly increased this year. It has been a second drought-year straight in a row. None can miss it—the water issue—now. [Not even the breweries.]\n\nThere are several NGO initiatives involved in the awareness campaigns, as always. Even celebrities, now. Also politicians.\n\nThe heartening part this year is that there also is now a much greater participation of the common people.\n\nIndeed, water conservation schemes are these days receiving quite a broad-based support, cutting across all political party-lines. People are actively getting into the building nallah-bunds, farm-ponds, and all. Good.\n\nGood? … This is India, so how can anything be so straight-forwardly good?\n\nWith that question mark, I began taking a second look at this entire scene. It all occurred to me during a show that I saw on TV last week or so.\n\nWell, that way, I don’t watch TV much. At least in India, TV has gone beyond being a stupor- or passivity-inducing device; it has become an active noise generator. So, the most I can put up with is only some channel-flipping, once in a while. [In my case it is typically limited to less than 15 minutes at a time, less than 7 times a week]. In one such episode [of flipping through the channels], I happened to catch a few minutes of a chat that some Marathi journos were having with Aamir Khan and Satyajit Bhatkal. [They should have been in awe of Bhatkal, but instead were, of Aamir Khan. [Journos.]]\n\nBoth Khan and Bhatkal were being all earnest and also trying to be all reasonable on that show, and in that vein, at one point, Bhatkal mentioned that there have been hundreds (or thousands) of KT-weirs, nallah-bunds and all, which have been implemented by the successive Maharashtra State governments. These are the structures or works which now have become defunct because of a lack of maintenance. Mentioning this point, he then added something like the following: [not his precise words, but as my casual impression of what he effectively was saying]:\n\nFor the best or the most optimum utilization of the available money, it would be better to begin with a revival or maintenance (like silt-removal/wall-repairs) of these thousands of the already existing structures, rather than building everything anew, because the latter would cost even more money.\n\nLooks like quite sensible an approach to take, doesn’t it?\n\nWell, yes, on the face of it. But not so, once you begin to think like an engineer about it. In fact, I do want to raise one flag here—one very big, red flag. [No, I am not a communist, just in case you have begun reading this blog only now.]\n\nLet’s look at some hard facts—and also some simplest physical principles—first.\n\nThe only primary source of water is: the rainfall.\n\nThe two means of conserving water are: (i) surface storage, and (ii) ground-water recharge.\n\nThe two big [physical] enemies of water conservation are: (i) run-off and (ii) evaporation.\n\nRun-off means: Rain-water running off the earth’s surface as floods (may be as flash-floods), without getting intercepted or stored anywhere. Evaporation means: the loss of the stored water due to ambient heat.\n\nIt’s good that people have gotten aware about the first part—the runoff factor. The by-now popular Marathi slogan: “paaNee aDavaa, paaNee jirawaa” [English: “block water, percolate water”] refers to this first factor. Unfortunately, it has come to refer to only the first factor.\n\nPeople must also become fully aware about the second factor—namely, evaporation. It too is just as important in India, particularly in places like Maharashtra.\n\nEvaporation is not always an acute concern in the cooler climates (think USA, Canada, Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand). But it is, in the hotter climates (think most of the third world). My focus is exclusively on India, mostly on Maharashtra. Since most of the advanced countries happen to lie in the cooler regions, and since in India we habitually borrow our engineering common-sense from the advanced countries rather than developing it individually here, I want to once again stress this point in this series.\n\nAs I mentioned in my last post in this series [^]:\n\n“Evaporation is a really bad factor in hot climates like India. At the level of large-scale dams and even for check dams, there is precious little that can be done about it.”\n\nThere is a technological reason behind it: You can’t sprinkle some powder or so to cover the surface of a water body, and thereby arrest or slow down the evaporation losses, without also polluting water body in the process.\n\nThese days, you often see a layer of water hyacinth in dams/rivers. Thought the plant contiguously covers the water body, contrary to the naive expectation, it in fact accelerates evaporation. The plant sucks water from below and perspires it out via leaves. This rate of perspiration happens to be higher than that of the plain evaporation. Further, water hyacinth has big leaves. The total surface area of the leaves is many times greater than the area of the water body that the plant covers.\n\nBut, yes, the simple-minded idea is right, in a way. If instead of the water-sucking water-hyacinth, something else—something chemically inert and opaque—were to cover the water body, then it would cut down on the evaporation losses. People have tried finding such a material, but without success. Any suggested solutions are either not scalable, not economical, or both. That’s why, evaporation is a fact that we must simply learn to live with.\n\nLet me continue quoting from my aforementioned post:\n\n“Evaporation maps for Maharashtra show losses as high as 1.5 m to even 2.5 m per year. Thus, if you build a check-dam with a 3 m high wall, expect to lose more than half of the [stored] water to evaporation alone.\n\nFor the same reason of evaporation, most nallah-bunding and contour-trenching works [such as] those typically undertaken under the socialist programs like MNREGA don’t translate to anything at all for storage, or for that matter, even for seepage. Typically, the bunds are less than 1 m tall, and theoretically, water in them is expected to plain evaporate out right before December. Practically, that anyway is the observation! […] It is a waste of money and effort.”\n\nThat’s what I had said, about a year ago. It needs to be repeated.\n\nMost people currently enthusiastic about water conservation simply don’t seem to have any appreciation as to how huge (and how hugely relevant) this factor of evaporation is. Hence this post.\n\nTo repeat: In Maharashtra, the range of evaporation losses is as high as 1.5–2.5 m. That is, about 5–8 feet, in terms of the height of water lost.\n\nThus, if you build or repair a nullah-bund that is about 10 feet tall (which is the typical height of a house), then you should expect to lose about 75% of the stored water to evaporation alone. Perhaps even 90% or more. After all, nullahs and rivers typically have a progressively smaller width as we go deeper, and so, the volume of the water body remaining at the bottom after evaporation is even smaller than what a simple height-based calculation tells you.\n\nComing back to the Khans and Bhatkals, and Patekars and Anaspures: If the small check-dam or Kolhapur-type of bund/weir you are repairing this summer is, say, 7–8 feet high, then what you should expect to see in the next March or April is: a dry river-bed with a few puddles of water perhaps still lingering here and there. Picture a stray dog trying to satisfy his thirst from a puddle that is relatively cleaner from among them, but with a vast patch of a darkish brown, rocky or parched land filling the rest of your visual field. In no case should you picture a large body of clean water extending a couple of kilometers or more upstream of the bund. The fallen rain-water would have got blocked by that bund, sure, but if your bund is only 7–8 feet tall, then all of it would have disappeared [literally] in the thin air through evaporation alone, by the time the summer arrives. [We are not even counting seepage here. And realize, not all seepage goes towards meaningful groundwater recharge. More on it, may be, later.]\n\nNow, the fact of the matter is, many, many KT weirs and bunds, as built in Maharashtra, are hardly even 5–6 feet tall. (Some are as low as just 3–4 feet tall.) They are, thus, not even one (Marathi/Sanskrit word) “puruSh” deep. …\n\nThe next time you go for an outing, keep an eye for the bunds. For instance, if you are in Pune, take an excursion in the nearby Purandar taluka, and check out the series of the bunds built by the PWD/Irrigation department on the Neera river. Most of them are just 3–5 feet tall. None is as big as a “puruSh” tall. None ever shows any water left after December. [But don’t therefore go and talk to the PWD/Irrigation engineers about it. These engineers are smart. They will tell you that those are flood-control structures, not water-storage structures. You will thus come back non-plussed. You are warned.]\n\n… In case you didn’t know what “puruSh” means: Well, it’s a traditionally used unit of depth/height in India. It is defined as the uppermost reach of a man when he stands upright and stretches his arms up. Thus, one “puruSh” is about 7–8 feet. Typically, in earlier times, the unit would be used for measuring the depth of a well. [During my childhood, I would often hear people using it. People in the rural areas still continue using it.]\n\nSo keep the following capsule in mind.\n\nIn most parts of Maharashtra, expect the evaporation losses to be about one “puruSh” deep.\n\nIf the water-body at a nallah-bund/check-dam/farm-pond is one “puruSh” deep during the monsoon, then expect its water body to completely dry up by the time the summer arrives the next year.\n\nTherefore, an urgent word of advice:\n\nIf you are building farm-ponds or undertaking repairs of any bunds or KT weirs structures this year, then drop from your planning all those sites whose walls are not at least 2.0 “puruSh” tall. [If a wall is 2.0 purush tall, the water body will be about 1.5 purush deep.] Evaporation losses will make sure that your social-work/activity would be a complete waste of money. The successive governments—not just politicians but also social workers, planners, bureaucrats and engineers—have already wasted money on them. Let the wastage stop at least now. Focus from now on only on the viable sites—the sites where the depth of the water-body would be at least 12–15 feet or so.\n\nIf the nullah is not naturally deep, and if the local soil type is right, then you may think of deepening it (to a sufficient minimum depth), perhaps with machinery and all.\n\nBut in any case, keep the factor of evaporation in mind.\n\nAs pointed out in my earlier posts in this series, given the geological type of the top layers in most parts of Maharashtra, seepage is not a favorable option for water conservation planning.\n\nThe only exception is the patch that runs across Dhule, Jalgaon through Wardha, Nagpur. There, the top-layer is sufficiently sandy (as in Rajasthan.) Mr. Suresh Khanapurkar has done a lot of seepage-related work in this patch, and groundwater recharge indeed is a viable option there.\n\nBut remember: seepage is not viable for most of the remaining parts of Maharashtra (and in fact, it also is not, over very large patches of India). So, if your idea is to build shallower bunds with the expectation that it would help improve groundwater levels via seepage during and soon after monsoon (i.e., before evaporation kicks in the months following the monsoon), then that idea is not so much on the target, as far as Maharashtra is concerned. Engineering for seepage can be viable only if the local geology favors it.\n\nFor the general-purpose water conservation, in most parts of Maharashtra, we have to look for storage, not seepage. Therefore, evaporation becomes a more important factor. So, avoid all shallower sites.\n\nIn particular, when it comes to farm-ponds, don’t build the shallower ones even if government gives you subsidy for building them (including for the blue plastic sheet which they use in the farm-ponds to prevent the wasteful seepage). If your pond is shallow, it would once again be a waste of money, pure and simple. Evaporation would make sure of that.\n\nThat’s all for now, folks.\n\nYes, I have been repetitive. I don’t mind. I want to be repetitive, until the time that social workers and engineers begin to show a better understanding of the engineering issues involved in water conservation, esp. the factor of evaporation. Currently, an appreciation of this factor seems to be non-existent.\n\nMy blogging in the upcoming weeks will be sparser, because I have to re-write my CFD course notes and research related notes, simulation programs, etc. I lost them all during my last HDD crash. I want to complete that part first. So excuse me even if I don’t come back for some 3–4 weeks or more for now. I will try to post a brief note or two even if not a blog post, but no promises. [And, yes, I have now begun my weekly backups, and am strictly following the policy—the notifications from the operating system.]\n\nBye for now.\n\n[May be one more editing pass, later today or tomorrow… Done.]\n\n\nSummer, boredom, city skyline, etc.\n\nBoredom. That’s what my life has become of late. … Boredom. … Pure boredom.\n\nLife is boring.\n\nNothing interests me. Don’t feel like writing anything.\n\nNo, it’s not called a writer’s block. To have a writer’s block, first you need to be a writer. And my problem is that I don’t even want to be a writer. Not even just a plain reader. Both are boring propositions.\n\nLife, somehow, has become boring to that great an extent.\n\nSummers always do that to me.\n\nWhile at IIT Madras, we (a few friends of mine and I) had begun using a special term for that: (Sanskrit) “glaani.”\n\nUsage pattern:\n\n“Did you work out those lab calculations?”\n\n“.” [No answer from me.]\n\n“Ajit, did you complete those lab calculations?”\n\n“.” [No answer.]\n\n\n“.” [Still no answer.]\n\nThe fellow turns around, lethargically. [He, too, doesn’t have much energy left to pursue anything; the heat has been that bad…] … Begins to drag his feet back to his room.\n\n“glaani.” [One attempts some answer, some explanation.]\n\nThe fellow does not even care to look back.\n\nThe use-case scenario is over.\n\nCurrently, it’s summer time, and this year in particular, I am finding it even more lethargy-inducing and boring than it usually is…\n\nHere is an idea I had. I wanted to expand it in a blog post. But since everything has become so summer-ly boring, I am not going to do that. Instead, I will just mention the idea, and let it go at that.\n\nHow do you visually estimate the water requirements of a human settlement, say, a city? Say a city with skyscrapers, like Mumbai? (Skyscrapers? In Mumbai? OK, let’s agree to call them that.)\n\nStart with a decent estimate of per capita water requirement. Something like, say, 135 liters/day/person. That is, 1.35 \\times 10^2 \\times 10^{-3} = 1.35 \\times 10^{-1} cubic meters. For one year, it translates to 0.135 \\times 365 = 49.275 \\approx 50 cubic meters.\n\nAn average room in an average apartment is about 10 feet X 12 feet. With a standard height of 10 feet, its volume, in cubic meters, is: 3.048 \\times 3.6576 \\times 3.048 = 33.98 \\approx 35 cubic meters.\n\nOf course, 135 liters/day is an estimate on a slightly higher side; if what I recall is right, the planning estimates range from even as low as 50 liters/day/person. So, taking a somewhat lower estimate for the daily per capita requirement (figure out exactly how much), you basically arrive at this neat nugget:\n\nThink of one apartment room, full of water. That much volume each person needs, for the entire year.\n\nIf one person lives in one room (or if a family of four people lives in a 2BHK apartment), then the volume of that apartment is their yearly water requirement.\n\nHardly surprising. In the traditional water-harvesting in Rajasthan, they would have single-storied houses, and roughly the same volume for an underground reservoir of water. Last year, I blogged quite a bit about water resources and water conservation; check out tags like “water resources” [^].\n\nSo, the next time you look at a city skyline, mentally invert it: imagine a dam-valley that is just as deep as the skyline’s height, containing water for that skyline. That would be the residential water requirement of that city.\n\nOf course, if the population density is greater, if one apartment room accommodates 2, 3 (or even more number of) people (as is the common in Mumbai), then the visualization fails. I mean to say: You then have to imagine a deeper (or wider) dam valley.\n\n… I used to be skeptical of residential water harvesting schemes. I used to think that it was a typical NGO type of day-dreaming, not backed up by hard data. I used to think that even if every 3-story apartment building covered its entire plot area (and not just the built-up area) with a 1 to 2 story-deep tank beneath it, it wouldn’t last for even a couple of months. But when I did the actual calculations (as above), I became convinced of the utility of the residential water harvesting schemes—if the storage is big enough.\n\nOf course, as one often hears these days, if common people are going to look after everything from electricity (portable gen-sets, batteries and inverters), water (residential water harvesting), garbage (composting in the house/terrace garden), even security (gated communities with privately paid watchmen), then what the hell is the government for?\n\nIf your anger has subsided, realize that only the last (security) falls under the proper functions of government; the rest should actually be services rendered by private businesses. And if government gets out of every thing but the defense, the police and the courts, the economic progress would so humongous that none would bother reading or writing blog posts on residential water conservation schemes—there would be very competent businesses with private dams and private canals to deliver you clean water very cheaply (also via private trains, if the need be)… But then, I am not going to write about it.  Writing is boring. Life is boring. …. So, just look up Ayn Rand if you want, OK?\n\n… Yawns. Life is boring.\n\nBTW, did you notice that boring also means digging, and I was somehow talking about inverting the skyline, i.e., imagining wells and valleys. Kindaa double meaning, the word “boring” happens to have, and I happen to have used it in both senses, haven’t I?\n\nOh well. But really, really speaking, I meant it only in the simplest, most basic sense.\n\nLife is boring. … Yawns….\n\n\n\n\nBlogging some crap…\n\nI had taken a vow not to blog very frequently any more—certainly not any more at least right this month, in April.\n\nBut then, I am known to break my own rules.\n\nStill, guess I really am coming to a point where quite a few threads on which I wanted to blog are, somehow, sort of coming to an end, and fresh topics are still too fresh to write anything about.\n\nSo, the only things to blog about would be crap. Thus the title of this post.\n\nAnyway, here is an update of my interests, and the reason why it actually is, and also would be, difficult for me to blog very regularly in the near future of months, may be even a year or so. [I am being serious.]\n\n1. About micro-level water resources engineering:\n\nRecently, I blogged a lot about it. Now, I think I have more or less completed my preliminary studies, and pursuing anything further would take a definitely targeted and detailed research—something that only can be pursued once I have a master’s or PhD student to guide. Which will only happen once I have a job. Which will only happen in July (when the next academic term of the University of Mumbai begins).\n\nThere is only one idea that I might mention for now.\n\nI have installed QGIS, and worked through the relevant exercises to familiarize myself with it. Ujaval Gandhi’s tutorials are absolutely great in this respect.\n\nThe idea I can blog about right away is this. As I mentioned earlier, DEM maps with 5 m resolution are impossible to find. I asked my father to see if he had any detailed map at sub-talukaa level. He gave me an old official map from GSI; it is on a 1:50000 scale, with contours at 20 m. Pretty detailed, but still, since we are looking for check-dams of heights up to 10 m, not so helpful. So, I thought of interpolating contours, and the best way to do it would be through some automatic algorithms. The map anyway has to be digitized first.\n\nThat means, scan it at a high enough resolution, and then perform a raster to vector conversion so that DEM heightfields could be viewed in QGIS.\n\nThe trouble is, the contour lines are too faint. That means, automatic image processing to extract the existing contours would be of limited help. So, I thought of an idea: why not lay a tracing paper on top, and trace out only the contours using black pen, and then, separately scan it? It was this idea that was already mentioned in an official Marathi document by the irrigation department.\n\nOf course, they didn’t mean to go further and do the raster-to-vector conversion and all.  I would want to adapt/create algorithms that could simulate rainfall run-offs after high intensity sporadic rains, possibly leading also to flooding. I also wanted to build algorithms that would allow estimates of volumes of water in a check dam before and after evaporation and seepage. (Seepage calculations would be done, as a first step, after homogenizing the local geology; the local geology could enter the computations at a more advanced stage of the research.) A PhD student at IIT Bombay has done some work in this direction, and I wanted to independently probe these issues. I could always use raster algorithms, but since the size of the map would be huge, I thought that the vector format would be more efficient for some of these algorithms. Thus, I had to pursue the raster-to-vector conversion.\n\nSo I did some search in this respect, and found some papers and even open source software. For instance, Peter Selinger’s POTrace, and the further off-shoots from it.\n\nI then realized that since the contour lines in the scanned image (whether original or traced) wouldn’t be just one-pixel wide, I would have to run some kind of a line thinning algorithm.\n\nSuitable ready made solutions are absent and building one from the scratch would be too time consuming—it can possibly be a good topic for a master’s project in the CS/Mech departments, in the computer graphics field. Here is one idea I saw implemented somewhere. To fix our imagination, launch MS Paint (or GIMP on Ubuntu), and manually draw a curve in a thick brush, or type a letter in a huge font like 48 points or so, and save the BMP file. Our objective is to make a single pixel-thick line drawing out of this thick diagram. The CS folks apparently call it the centerlining algorithm. The idea I saw implemented was something like this: (i) Do edge detection to get single pixel wide boundaries. The “filled” letter in the BMP file would now become “hollow;” it would have only the outlines that are single pixel wide. (ii) Do raster-to-vector conversion, say using POTrace, on this hollow letter. You would thus have a polygon representation for the letter. (iii) Run a meshing software (e.g. Jonathan Schewchuk’s Triangle, or something in the CGAL library) to fill the interior parts of this hollow polygon with a single layer of triangles. (iv) Find the centroids of all these triangles, and connect them together. This will get us the line running through the central portions of each arm of the letter diagram. Keep this line and delete the triangles. What you have now got is a single pixel-wide vector representation of what once was a thick letter—or a contour line in the scanned image.\n\nSine this algorithm seemed too complicated, I thought whether it won’t be possible to simply apply a suitable diffusion algorithm to simply erode away the thickness of the line. For instance, think that the thick-walled letter is initially made uniformly cold, and then it is placed in uniformly heated surroundings. Since the heat enters from boundaries, the outer portions become hotter than the interior. As the temperature goes on increasing, imagine the thick line to begin to melt. As soon as a pixel melts, check whether there is any solid pixel still left in its neighbourhood or not. If yes, remove the molten pixel from the thick line. In the end, you would get a raster representation one pixel thick. You can easily convert it to the vector representation. This is a simplified version of the algorithm I had implemented for my paper on the melting snowman, with that check for neighbouring solid pixels now being thrown in.\n\nPursuing either would be too much work for the time being; I could either offload it to a student for his project, or work on it at a later date.\n\nThus ended my present thinking line on the micro-level water-resources engineering.\n\n2. Quantum mechanics:\n\nYou knew that I was fooling you when I had noted in my post dated the first of April this year, that:\n\n“in the course of attempting to build a computer simulation, I have now come to notice a certain set of factors which indicate that there is a scope to formulate a rigorous theorem to the effect that it will always be logically impossible to remove all the mysteries of quantum mechanics.”\n\nGuess people know me too well—none fell for it.\n\nWell, though I haven’t quite built a simulation, I have been toying with certain ideas about simulating quantum phenomena using what seems to be a new fluid dynamical model. (I think I had mentioned about using CFD to do QM, on my blog here a little while ago).\n\nI pursued this idea, and found that it indeed should reproduce all the supposed weirdities of QM. But then I also found that this model looks a bit too contrived for my own liking. It’s just not simple enough. So, I have to think more about it, before allocating any specific or concrete research activities about it.\n\nThat is another dead-end, as far as blogging is concerned.\n\nHowever, in the meanwhile, if you must have something interesting related to QM, check out David Hestenes’ work. Pretty good, if you ask me.\n\nOK. Physicists, go away.\n\n3. Homeopathy:\n\nI had ideas about computational modelling for the homeopathic effect. By homeopathy, I mean: the hypothesis that water is capable of storing an “imprint” or “memory” of a foreign substance via structuring of its dipole molecules.\n\nI have blogged about this topic before. I had ideas of doing some molecular dynamics kind of modelling. However, I now realize that given the current computational power, any MD modelling would be for far too short time periods. I am not sure how useful that would be, if some good scheme (say a variational scheme) for coarse-graining or coupling coarse-grained simulation with the fine-grained MD simulation isn’t available.\n\nAnyway, I didn’t have much time available to look into these aspects. And so, there goes another line of research; I don’t have much to do blogging about it.\n\n4. CFD:\n\nThis is one more line of research/work for me. Indeed, as far as my professional (academic research) activities go, this one is probably the most important line.\n\nHere, too, there isn’t much left to blog about, even if I have been pursuing some definite work about it.\n\nI would like to model some rheological flows as they occur in ceramics processing, starting with ceramic injection moulding. A friend of mine at IIT Bombay has been working in this area, and I should have easy access to the available experimental data. The phenomenon, of course, is much too complex; I doubt whether an institute with relatively modest means like an IIT could possibly conduct experimentation to all the required level of accuracy or sophistication. Accurate instrumentation means money. In India, money is always much more limited, as compared to, say, in the USA—the place where neither money nor dumbness is ever in short supply.\n\nBut the problem is very interesting to a computational engineer like me. Here goes a brief description, suitably simplified (but hopefully not too dumbed down (even if I do have American readers on this blog)).\n\nTake a little bit of wax in a small pot, melt it, and mix some fine sand into it. The paste should have the consistency of a toothpaste (the limestone version, not the gel version). Just like you pinch on the toothpaste tube and pops out the paste—technically this is called an extrusion process—similarly, you have a cylinder and ram arrangement that holds this (molten wax+sand) paste and injects it into a mould cavity. The mould is metallic; aluminium alloys are often used in research because making a precision die in aluminium is less expensive. The hot molten wax+ceramic paste is pushed into the mould cavity under pressure, and fills it. Since the mould is cold, it takes out the heat from the paste, and so the paste solidifies. You then open the mould, take out the part, and sinter it. During sintering, the wax melts and evaporates, and then the sand (ceramic) gets bound together by various sintering mechanism. Materials engineers focus on the entire process from a processing viewpoint. As a computational engineer, my focus is only up to the point that the paste solidifies. So many interesting things happen up to that point that it already makes my plate too full. Here is an indication.\n\nThe paste is a rheological material. Its flow is non-Newtonian. (There sinks in his chair your friendly computational fluid dynamicist—his typical software cannot handle non-Newtonian fluids.) If you want to know, this wax+sand paste shows a shear-thinning behaviour (which is in contrast to the shear-thickening behaviour shown by, say, corn syrup).\n\nFurther, the flow of the paste involves moving boundaries, with pronounced surface effects, as well as coalescence or merging of boundaries when streams progressing on different arms of the cavity eventually come together during the filling process. (Imagine the simplest mould cavity in the shape of an O-ring. The paste is introduced from one side, say from the dash placed on the left hand side of the cavity, as shown here: “-O”. First, after entering the cavity, the paste has to diverge into the upper and lower arms, and as the cavity filling progresses, the two arms then come together on the rightmost parts of the “O” cavity.)\n\nModelling moving boundaries is a challenge. No textbook on CFD would even hint at how to handle it right, because all of them are based on rocket science (i.e. the aerodynamics research that NASA and others did from fifties onwards). It’s a curious fact that aeroplanes always fly in air. They never fly at the boundary of air and vacuum. So, an aeronautical engineer never has to worry about a moving fluid boundary problem. Naval engineers have a completely different approach; they have to model a fluid flow that is only near a surface—they can afford to ignore what happens to the fluid that lies any deeper than a few characteristic lengths of their ships. Handling both moving boundaries and interiors of fluids at the same time with sufficient accuracy, therefore, is a pretty good challenge. Ask any people doing CFD research in casting simulation.\n\nBut simulation of the flow of the molten iron in gravity sand-casting is, relatively, a less complex problem. Do dimensional analysis and verify that molten iron has the same fluid dynamical characteristics as that of the plain water. In other words, you can always look at how water flows inside a cavity, and the flow pattern would remain exactly the same also for molten iron, even if the metal is so heavy. Implication, surface tension effects are OK to handle for the flow of molten iron. Also, pressures are negligibly small in gravity casting.\n\nBut rheological paste being too thick, and it flowing under pressure, handling the surface tensions effect right should be even bigger a challenge. Especially at those points where multiple streams join together, under pressure.\n\nThen, there is also heat transfer. You can’t get away doing only momentum equations; you have to couple in the energy equations too. And, the heat transfer obviously isn’t steady-state; it’s necessarily transient—the whole process of cavity filling and paste solidification gets over within a few seconds, sometimes within even a fraction of a second.\n\nAnd then, there is this phase change from the liquid state to the solid state too. Yet another complication for the computational engineer.\n\nWhy should he address the problem in the first place?\n\nGood question. Answer is: Economics.\n\nIf the die design isn’t right, the two arms of the fluid paste lose heat and become sluggish, even part solidify at the boundary, before joining together. The whole idea behind doing computational modelling is to help the die designer improve his design, by allowing him to try out many different die designs and their variations on a computer, before throwing money into making an actual die. Trying out die designs on computer takes time and money too, but the expense would be relatively much much smaller as compared to actually making a die and trying it. Precision machining is too expensive, and taking a manufacturing trial takes too much time—it blocks an entire engineering team and a production machine into just trials.\n\nSo, the idea is that the computational engineer could help by telling in advance whether, given a die design and process parameters, defects like cold-joins are likely to occur.\n\nThe trouble is, the computational modelling techniques happen to be at their weakest exactly at those spots where important defects like cold-joins are most likely. These are the places where all the armies of the devil come together: non-Newtonian fluid with temperature dependent properties, moving and coalescing boundaries, transient heat transfer, phase change, variable surface tension and wall friction, pressure and rapidity (transience would be too mild a word) of the overall process.\n\nSo, that’s what the problem to model itself looks like.\n\nObviously, ready made software aren’t yet sophisticated enough. The best available are those that do some ad-hoc tweaking to the existing software for the plastic injection moulding. But the material and process parameters differ, and it shows in the results. And, that way, validation of these tweaks still is an on-going activity in the research community.\n\nObviously, more research is needed! [I told you the reason: Economics!]\n\nGiven the granular nature of the material, and the rapidity of the process, some people thought that SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) should be suitable. They have tried, but I don’t know the extent of the sophistication thus far.\n\nSome people have also tried finite-differences based approaches, with some success. But FDM has its limitations—fluxes aren’t conserved, and in a complex process like this, it would be next to impossible to tell whether a predicted result is a feature of the physical process or an artefact of the numerical modelling.\n\nFVM should do better because it conserves fluxes better. But the existing FVM software is too complex to try out the required material and process specific variations. Try introducing just one change to a material model in OpenFOAM, and simulating the entire filling process with it. Forget it. First, try just mould filling with coupled heat transfer. Forget it. First, try just mould filling with OpenFOAM. Forget it. First, try just debug-stepping through a steady-state simulation. Forget it. First, try just compiling it from the sources, successfully.\n\nI did!\n\nHence, the natural thing to do is to first write some simple FVM code, initially only in 2D, and then go on adding the process-specific complications to it.\n\nNow this is something about I have got going, but by its nature, it also is something about you can’t blog a lot. It will be at least a few months or so before even a preliminary version 0.1 code would become available, at which point some blogging could be done about it—and, hopefully, also some bragging.\n\nThus, in the meanwhile, that line of thought, too comes to an end, as far as blogging is concerned.\n\nThus, I don’t (and won’t) have much to blog about, even if I remain (and plan to remain) busy (to very busy).\n\nSo allow me to blog only sparsely in the coming weeks and months. Guess I could bring in the comments I made at other blogs once in a while to keep this blog somehow going, but that’s about it.\n\nIn short, nothing new. And so, it all is (and is going to be) crap.\n\nMore of it, later—much later, may be a few weeks later or so. I will blog, but much more infrequently, that’s the takeaway point.\n\n\n(Marathi) “madhu maagashee maajhyaa sakhyaa pari…”\nLyrics: B. R. Tambe\nSinger: Lata Mangeshkar\nMusic: Vasant Prabhu\n\n[I just finished writing the first cut; an editing pass or two is still due.]\n\n\n\nMicro-level water-resources engineering—5\n\nImportant Update added on 2015.04.22!\n\nSee near the end of this post.\n\n\nToday is (Sanskrit) “akshay tritiya.” In the Khandesh area of North Maharashtra (in which the Shirpur town of the famous Shirpur pattern falls), in the local lingo, the day is known as “aakhaaji.” In Khandesh, it is a festival of women visiting their (Marathi) “maaher” (i.e. their parents’ home, or the home before marriage). There are traditional songs in the local “AhiraNi” dialect, and dance of the Gujarathi garbaa style, but played only by women. When I was a school-boy in that region, the dance would be done with “Tipri”s, but as far as I remember, without any dhols (i.e. drums), loud-speakers, or any large-scale organization, even if all the streets of the town would overflow with women playing “Tipri”s. I don’t know what the situation is like today.\n\nFestivals mark days of relief. But otherwise, summer is a time of gruelling hard work for rural women. Maharashtra’s population is already 11.4 crores. Even if you take only 20% population as drought-affected, that makes it about 2 crores. (In the 2013 drought, the estimates were about 3 crores.) That means about 1 crore drought-affected women. So, as a rough estimate, there must be at least about 50–75 lakh women facing water-scarcity in a normal year—e.g., right now! Imagine, some tens of lakhs of women having to daily carry pots on their heads for several kilometers a day, just for fetching water—often only poor quality and soily/brackish water, but something that allows them at least cooking food for their families for their barest sustenance. What can we do to spare them the hardship? Obvious.\n\nFind out cost-effective water resources strategies and solutions that can be within their means, without remaining dependent either on government or even on charity.\n\n\nI have been browsing a lot of material, but have found that in this area, even some of the simplest questions are so hard to answer.\n\nFor instance, the data about the local geology. Or, even the data about local morphology—I mean, maps with contour lines having 1, 2, or even 5 m resolution, and not 20 or 30 m resolution. Digital DEMs with say 5 m resolution are impossible to find, and so, some creative solutions have to be found out. Here, I first thought of an idea, and later on found a part of it mentioned in a Marathi official document for irrigation department that my father gave me. I will write about it, and address many such questions some time later in this series.\n\nIn this post, instead, let me touch upon another simple question.\n\n\nHow much of the fallen rainwater really runs off the ground to the rivers? Why don’t some of the dams fill up every monsoon?\n\nIn Maharashtra, Marathwada is the region of the lowest rainfall (about 65 cm/annum). The river Godavari flows through this region. There is a big dam called the Jayakwadi project [^]; the reservoir is called “Naath Saagar;” it is named after the great Marathi poet-saint Eknath Maharaj.\n\nThe simple question is this: Why does the Naath Saagar reservoir does not fill up to its full capacity every rainy season?\n\nAn easy answer would be to say: “Because the rainfall is deficient.”\n\nLet us see whether, starting from some simple basic assumptions, this answer turns out to make any sense or not. Let’s try to do a quick, back-of-the-envelop estimate for how much water should flow into the Jayakwadi dam every year. (My objective behind working out this simple exercise was to get some kind of a datum for the small check dams.)\n\nThe basic source of water is the rainfall. To estimate the total water received via rainfall, we have to know the watershed area of the dam. The Wiki page on the Jayakwadi dam [^] notes the catchment area as 21,750 square km. Referring to the rainfall for the upstream catchment area of this dam [I used the map in the book River Basins of India (p. 66)], I estimate the average rainfall for this region as about 65 cm (which also is the figure quoted by P. R. Pisharoty as noted in an earlier post in this series). So, the total annual water received via rainfall in the Jayakawadi watershed is about 1.41375E10 cubic m. Raghunath’s text on hydrology [^] on page 5 notes that for India’s total annual rainfall water of 370 million ha-m, the total runoff into all the rivers is 167 million ha-m. Thus, the runoff to the biggest river in a basin should be about 45% of the total water received from the skies. Assuming that a similar figure applies here, I get the runoff calculations as the following Python code shows:\n\n# Assumed data\ndRainfall = 0.65 # meter, assumed\ndRunoffCoefficient = 0.45 # for all India\ndCatchmentArea = 21750.0*1000*1000 # meters\n# Calculations\ndRainwaterVolume = dRainfall*dCatchmentArea\ndEvaporationLoss = dRainwaterVolume/3.0\ndRunoff = dRunoffCoefficient*dRainwaterVolume\ndSeepageIntoSubsoil = dRainwaterVolume - dEvaporationLoss - dRunoff\nprint (\"Total Volume: %E, Runoff: %E, Evaporation Loss: %E Seepage: %E\" % (dRainwaterVolume, dRunoff, dEvaporationLoss, dSeepageIntoSubsoil))\n\nOn Ubuntu, open a terminal, type “python” in it, and at the Python prompt (say >>>) copy-paste the above lines, and hit enter. (On Windows, you will have to install a suitable Python environment first.) Or, use the online interactive Python terminal here [^].\n\nThus, the total quantity of water rushing into the Jayakawadi dam every year should be 6.36E9 m^3 (i.e. cubic meters). The Wiki page on the Jayakwadi dam notes that the total capacity of the dam is just 2.91E9 m^3.\n\nThus, the total quantity of water flowing into the dam should be about 2.1 times the dam reservoir capacity. The dam should more than overflow every year.\n\nYet, the dam doesn’t even fully fill up every year—it does so only about 2–3 times in a decade.\n\nEven if we take a lower runoff coefficient, say as low as 0.35 (e.g., to factor in the presence of the relatively smaller dams upstream, and also an increased forest cover—which must be a very unrealistic assumption), and even if we take the annual rainfall in the watershed region to be as drastically low as just 40 cm (i.e. the worst drought situation, because they declare a drought if the rainfall is 20% lower [^], and the average for the catchment area of Jayakawadi is above 65 cm), you should still get some 3.045E9 m^3 of water into the Jayakawadi reservoir—more than enough to fill it up fully.\n\nIndeed, there is a further irony. This dam has already gathered a lot of silt (because it is situated in a relatively flatter region, with more loose soil), and the live storage has gone down by 14% (as per Wiki).\n\n[Incidentally, there has been some criticism that the project was moved 100 km upstream. Chances are, the reservoir then would have covered even a flatter area of loose topsoil.]\n\nAll of which means that the Naath Saagar reservoir should fill up and overflow even in the worst drought-hit years.\n\nIn practice, it doesn’t.\n\nWhat gives? Any idea? I have no clue.\n\nThere must be something the wrong with the way the run-off calculations are performed—they are going off the mark by some 250%. That is too big an error. Has anyone looked into this aspect more carefully?\n\nExercise: Undertake the same exercise for the Ujjani dam. It is supposed to supply water to another severely drought-prone region in Maharashtra, viz. that of the Solapur district and the nearby areas. It too doesn’t fill up every year.\n\nRealize that big dams like Jayakwadi and Ujjani have comparatively huge catchment areas. For a check dam, the catchment area (or the watershed area) is very small—and therefore, subject to even wider fluctuations from year to year. This is one sobering point we must keep in mind in our enthusiasm for the micro-level projects.\n\n\nThe Evaporation Loss, the High Intensity Rains, and Seepage vs. Storage:\n\nAs Raghunath’s book [^] shows on page 5, the water balance equation is:\n\ntotal rainfall = evaporation loss + runoff + seepage into sub-soil.\n\nThe item of seepage into subsoil is further split into two parts: (i) a slightly bigger part (53%) of the contribution to moisture (which is the part that is used by the shrubs and the trees in their life-processes; this is the part that is ultimately released to the atmosphere via transpiration), and (ii) a smaller part (47%) of the recharge into groundwater.\n\nThus, the biggest items here are (1) runoff and (2) evaporation.\n\nThis primary importance of the runoff quantity in the overall quantitative scheme was the reason why I decided to check whether the simple runoff factors or calculations are realistic or not. If they were to be OK, I could use them as they are, in my detailed calculations concerning computational watershed modelling.  But as the above example of the Jayakwadi dam showed, at least at a gross scale, the runoff factors are not reliable. Now, even if there are some more detailed (say GIS based) models and micro-models for computing runoffs, I am not sure how reliable they would be. And, if the runoff factor itself is wrong, we are basically regressing back to the stage of empirical data collecting and validation, and so, coarsening out of the micro-models to macro-models (even if using GIS) would be an even more distant a step … Anyway, to proceed further….\n\nFor India, the runoff figure is several times higher than the total groundwater recharge.\n\nFurther, in the Deccan trap basalt region of Maharashtra, the seepage mechanism is not as efficient as it is in the alluvial soils (for instance, of Aravali region of Rajasthan, or in the Tapi and Purna basins of Maharashtra (the area of the Shirpur pattern)).\n\nRecall Pisharoty’s paper I quoted in my last post in this series [^]. In Maharashtra, half of the annual rainfall occurs within only 15 to 20 high-intensity hours, which occur sometime over only 35–45 days of any actual rainfall.\n\nThus, in the Deccan trap region of Maharashtra, first there is an overall inefficiency of seepage. It is further compounded worse due to the infrequent high intensity bursts of rains. If the same amount of rainfall were to occur as a slow drizzle over a long period of time, say a continuous stretch of weeks, then such a rainfall pattern would be better conducive to seepage. On the other hand, a sporadic high intensity pattern implies less seepage and more runoff.\n\nHence, in the Deccan trap regions of Maharashtra, it is the surface storage strategy which is likely to prove better than the underground seepage strategy.\n\nFor the above reasons, our solutions should be able to handle arresting the high intensity runoff, for storage.\n\nNext, in India in general, evaporation also is several times higher than the groundwater recharge.\n\nEvaporation is a really bad factor in hot climates like India. At the level of large-scale dams and even for check dams, there is precious little that can be done about it. (Solutions have been sought, e.g., spreading some chemicals on top of the water, but their side effects is a worry.)\n\nRealize that evaporation is a surface phenomenon. Dams with a shallow and wide-spread reservoir (e.g. Jayakwadi) tend to have a relatively higher percentage of evaporation losses, as compared to the deeper dams. Ditto, also for check dams. (That is the reason why the nallah-deepening aspect of the Shirpur pattern makes good sense—provided the cost of excavation is low enough. For the time being, let’s focus on evaporation.)\n\nEvaporation maps for Maharashtra show losses as high as 1.5 m to even 2.5 m per year. Thus, if you build a check-dam with a 3 m high wall, expect to lose more than half of the water to evaporation alone. (The famous bund of the bund-garden in the Pune city used to be actually shallow; it would hold a nice expanse of water simply because the bigger Khadakvasla dam upstream would periodically release water into the river.)\n\nFor the same reason of evaporation, most nallah-bunding and contour-trenching works, such as those by Anna Hazaare in Ralegan Siddhi, or those typically undertaken under the socialist programs like MNREGA, don’t translate to anything at all for storage, or for that matter even seepage. Typically, the bunds are less than 1 m tall, and theoretically, water in them is expected to plain evaporate out right before December. Practically, that anyway is the observation! No matter what Anna Hazare might tell you, it is a waste of money and effort.\n\n\nFarm Ponds:\n\nBefore closing, let me mention farm ponds as an effective storage strategy, apart from check-dams.\n\nOne big advantage with check dams as compared to conventional dams is that there is no cost incurred in the acquisition of land, and for rehabilitation of the displaced people. Speaking purely costs-wise, I read somewhere (or heard in Suresh Khanapurkar’s interviews) that about half of the cost of the conventional dams is on just these two counts.\n\nHowever, in the case of check dams, if the natural depth of the river gorge is not sufficient (try the small software I wrote earlier in this series), then in order to reduce the percentage loss due to evaporation and thus to make the project economical, some extra expenditure may become necessary in deepening the nallahs.\n\nNow, in the Deccan trap region of Maharashtra, since small rivers and nallahs tend to run through regions of hard rocks (the top soil layer can be as thin as just 0.5 to 1 m or even zero, in them), the excavation work to deepen the nallahs can easily prove to be too costly—this is a factor going against the Shirpur pattern. (More on the economics of excavation in check dams, and of farm ponds, in a later post.)\n\nAn advantage with the farm ponds, when compared to check dams, is that since they are built in the field, i.e. in a deeper layer of soft soil, deepening the ditch turns out to be much more economical.\n\nOn the downside, as compared to check dams, the storage capacity of farm ponds is much smaller. They also eat up what otherwise could have been a productive farm land.\n\nBut, as we saw, a deeper water body means lower percentage of evaporation losses.\n\nThus, overall, costs-wise, there are many oppositely directed factors, and it’s not possible to draw general conclusions. It’s the cost balance that really determines whether a farm pond makes sense in a given location or not, or is it a check dam for storage, or a check dam for seepage. (I will write another post covering the economics of check dams vs. farm ponds vs. conventional dams).\n\nSecond, as far as evaporation is concerned, there is an incredibly creative solution which I ran into only today. It suggests that if you cover a farm pond with a floating layer of the used plastic bottles, then the evaporation loss (at least for very small experimental ponds) can be cut by up to 40%! [(1.7 MB .PDF file) ^]. The work has been done at the well-known Vigyaan Aashram at PaabaL near Pune; guess they also have some kind of collaboration with COEP and MIT (USA). Anyway, coming back to evaporation losses, this is a huge, huge advantage at a throw-away price! The suggestion right now is only at a preliminary stage. I think it should be seriously taken up for studies on a larger scale of a realistic pond. But yes, as an engineer, I simply marvel at this idea—it again takes a perceived problem (“Gee, even Indians have started buying bottled water, huh?” and “Now how do we deal with this mess of all this plastic waste!”), turns it around on its head, and provides a cost-effective solution to another pressing problem. Neat!\n\nBTW, the farm ponds need not always get only“naturally” filled, i.e., with the surface-running rain-water falling from the sky on the same field. Sometimes a combination of a lift-irrigation scheme + a farm pond can also be cost-effective.\n\nFurther, as has been practically demonstrated at many sites (e.g. in the Ahmednagar district, by actually practising farmers) a farm pond can also be very easily used for farming fish, as a side business (read side income)! Farming for fish requires relatively little labour—mostly, only some aeration (if at all required) and throwing food into the pond regularly (like twice/thrice a week or so), that’s all. Fish is not only very tasty food, it also is a very high quality and easily digested protein.\n\nThe side-walls of the farm-ponds can be also be planted with the kind of trees that give lush green shadow while making do with less water demand. A welcome sight, and a welcome spot for rest, on a hot summer afternoon.\n\nFinally, talking of water bodies, trees, and how beautiful and (literally) cool a surroundings they can go on to make, and of side-businesses, and of creativity, here is yet another creative side-business that has come out of a bigger farm pond; check out the Saguna Baug in Neral near Mumbai [^].\n\n\nImportant Update added on 2015.04.22:\n\nPython scripts for predicting the extent to which the Jayakwadi and Ujjani dams should fill, at a given rainfall level. Also, analysis of results, and some comments:\n\nSince writing this post yesterday, I studied more closely the topic of the rainfall–runoff relationships in standard textbooks on hydrology.\n\nThere are quite a few models that allow you to calculate the expected runoff volume from the rainfall extent. These are specific to soil types, gradients, type of surface, etc. For Maharashtra, there is a well-known model by Inglis and De Souza (1929); e.g. see p. 180 here [^]. This is an empirical (curve-fitted) model that gives you two separate equations.\n\nFor the ghat region:\nR = 0.85P - 30.5\n\nand for the Deccan plateau:\nR = \\dfrac{1}{254} P \\left( P - 17.8\\right)\n\nwhere R is the annual runoff and P is the annual rainfall, both in cm.\n\nSince the formulae seemed to give far lower values for the runoff coefficient, and hence the runoff volume even for the average rains, I decided to write a Python script to find out the extent to which the Jayakwadi (and later, also Ujjani) dam would fill up, given different levels of rainfall.\n\nHere is a link to a zip containing the Python script files and their outputs, in the CSV format [^]. In my code, I calculate the R parameter using both the above equations and take their average. Effectively, I assume that half of the watershed region is of the ghat region, and the other half is of the Deccan plateau. Though the zip file doesn’t show it, there aren’t very glaring differences in the values of R as estimated via the two equations.\n\nThe files make it clear that at the average rainfall level of 65 cm in the watershed (i.e. the catchment) region, the Jayakwadi dam is expected to fill only to 89.6%. If there is a drought year and so the watershed region receives some 45 cm rains, this dam would fill only to 21%!! For this dam to fill 100%, an above average rainfall of 67–68 cm would be necessary. Little wonder that the dam has filled only rarely.\n\nThe figures for the Ujjani dam are not much different, only slightly different. For instance, it would take 77–78 cm rain in its catchment area for it to fill up. The catchment area of the Ujjani dam does receive a somewhat higher rain, and so, let’s say the normal rainfall there is 70 cm. At this level, the Ujjani dam is expected to fill only to 73% of its full capacity!\n\nThere are other methods to estimate runoff too. But given the informal general knowledge about these dams, Inglis and De Souza’s correlations would seem to hold well.\n\nI am no expert in dams design. To my lay engineer’s eyes, these are decidedly wasteful designs. After all, bigger-than-necessary designs imply greater-than-necessary expenditures, too. The Wiki page informs us that Jayakwadi project has cost more than Rs. 10,000 crores by now. … What portion of this huge amount are wasteful?\n\nAmong the Maharashtrian “intellectual,” “chattering” etc. classes  (and also among the NRI community, esp. that settled in the USA, esp. in California), it has become a fashion to blame politicians for every conceivable ill concerning water scarcity in Maharashtra.\n\nDo you think that these civil engineering designs were done by politicians? Do you think that, for instance, say Vasantrao Naik, would have knowingly ordered a deliberately bigger and costlier dam, just to score some political high point for himself or his party? (I mention him because the Wiki informs us that the Jayakwadi dam design was finalized when he was the CM. Similarly, the Ujjani dam got designed when he was the CM.)\n\nIf you think such things are possible—things like increasing a dam size just to score some political high point for oneself or one’s party—then I would say that you just don’t know the way a typical politician thinks and operates. Yes, even in a mixed economy.\n\nYes, it’s important for a typical politician in a mixed economy (regardless of the party to which he belongs) to show that he is doing something meaningful, whether something actually meaningful gets done or not; yes, it is possible that given a choice, he would always pick up that choice which benefits his own constituency; yes, it is possible that he might even bring a bit of pressure on the officers to tweak solutions so that his constituency benefits. (They even publicly admit if not boast about such things.)\n\nBut a deliberate increase of size of a dam for absolutely no conceivable benefit to anyone? No way. No politician even in a mixed economy—and esp. in reference to a country like India—ever operates that way.\n\nHere, if you say that an increased dam size means an increased budget, and therefore greater bribes to him/his party-men, then I would say, you just don’t understand the system. Even if I grant you the premise that every politician is always on principle on the look-out for kickbacks and bribes, granted that, a typical politician still wouldn’t want to increase a dam’s size, because—and get this right—he doesn’t have to. He can easily use the same amount of the additional (wasteful) budget on some other project without ever affecting the total quantum of his bribe, so why should he insist on making just one dam/project bigger than necessary, at the expense of all other possible dams/projects? If he can build two dams in the same budget—note, the amount of bribe has stayed the same—since he stands to get double the publicity with the same budget-money, he would rather go in for that.\n\nThus, all this “logic” is simply the smart “white-collared” Indian’s way of saving the “behind” of his own—or of groups of people he regards similar to him—nothing else.\n\nAre bureaucrats and even engineers ever going to admit there might have been some mistakes here? More importantly, how many Indians of the “intellectual” kind are going to be willing to even think of such a possibility? (Even Anna Hazaare’s all-water-vaporizing nallah-bunds seem almost innocuous by comparison; they must have involved relatively smaller amounts, say of a mere few hundreds of crores. In contrast, wasteful big projects like these would involve thousands of crores.)\n\nAnd, even more importantly, is there anyone willing to have an honest second look about the socialistic nature of the system that produces costly errors of this kind? (Not just costs. Since a wrong datum for the capacity of the dam has been established, now there also are fights: Marathwada people think that if the Jayakwadi dam doesn’t fill up fully, the reason must be that the smaller dams upstream have been criminally diverting water that is rightfully theirs… Think of the bigger and bigger mess it all gets into.)\n\n…Anyway, since I can’t do anything about it, let me wind down on that topic, and instead, let me focus on what I can do.\n\nWhat this exercise means is that I can use some of these even simple text-book methods to build computational models for the check dams/farm ponds with acceptable enough accuracy; they would be accurate at least to a first-order. (After all, Inglis and De Souza’s second equation shows that a quadratic dependence of the runoff on the rainfall. Also, the other rainfall-runoff models show different kinds of nonlinear relations. So, they should be accurate at least to the first order in further usage.)\n\nOne more point before we close. Let me note a couple of good links on the topic of farm ponds. Here they are:\n\n“Farm Ponds: A Climate Resilient Technology for Rainfed Agriculture: Planning, Design and Construction” [(13.1 MB PDF) ^]\n\n“Rainwater Harvesting and Reuse through Farm Ponds: Experiences, Issues and Strategies” [(5.4 MB PDF) ^]\n\nAlso, a useful reference on the topic of evaporation: “Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation for Indian Conditions: Improving accuracy through calibration coefficients” [(3.8 MB PDF) ^]\n\n\nA Song I Like:\n\n[I recently randomly stumbled on a listing of this song, and then listened to it after a long, long time—long enough that reading only through the words, I was not able to place the song; I had to listen to it to “get” it back…  A relaxed tempo, and a beautiful melody by SD. … I don’t know if RD assisted SD for this song or not (this one is from 1963), but going by the orchestration, there is at least a hint of the young RD here, esp. in those interludes of the sax and guitar. I doubt if Dada Burman, in 1963, could have given that much of a freedom to Manohari Singh (an assistant and the probable sax player) sans RD’s presence. The tune, of course, is unmistakably SD’s own. … It’s the kind of a tune which you inadvertently catch yourself humming aloud sometime later, perhaps even a few days later, and it still surprises you, and it still makes you want to re-listen to the song…  Shailendra is at his lyrical best… And yes, it’s Suman Kalyanpur, not Lata.  Enjoy the brilliant simplicity of SD (possibly with a small assistance coming from RD)…]\n\n(Hindi) “ye kis ne geet chheDaa…”\nMusic: S. D. Burman\nSingers: Mukesh, Suman Kalyanpur\nLyrics: Shailendra\n\n\n[PS: Though the content will not change much, tomorrow, I might come back and add just a few links to some good documents on design/experience/economics of farm ponds that I have downloaded. Done. Also added Python scripts for computing the percentage of dam capacity to which the Jayakwadi and Ujjani dams would fill up, at various levels of rainfall in their respective catchment areas.]\n\nMicro-level water-resources engineering—4\n\nFurther Update on 2015.04.13: The debugged version is online.\n\nHere is the zip file for the debugged version [^]. I have updated the link in the main text below, too. The bug consisted of a single change: In the file CCheckDamsSeries.cpp, line 228, it should be dEX1 = dX2 - dEWaterLength; in place of dEX1 = dX2 - dWaterLength;. That’s all. (Copy-pasting codes always introduces errors of this sort.)\n\nWhat I have now uploaded is only the (corrected) first version, not the entirely rewritten second version (as mentioned in the first update below). Two reasons for that: (i) The first version itself is good enough to get some overall idea of the benefits of check dams, and (ii) I have decided to try Python for the more elaborate and completely rewritten version. The reason for that, in turn, is that I just got tired of compiling the binaries on two different platforms.\n\nThat way, I am new to Python, and so, it will take a while before you get the expanded and rewritten version. I am learning it the hard way [^].  May be a couple of weeks or so for the next version… Bye for now.\n\nImportant Update on 2015.04.12: The software is buggy.\n\nI have noticed (at least one) bug in the software I wrote (see details below). It came to my notice today, once I began completely rewriting the code with a view to study how the economics would work out at different gradients of the river (keeping all the other variables constant, that is). The bug concerns the calculation of the water volume after evaporation, in each dam.\n\nPlease give me a few days’ time, at the most a week, and I will upload a (hopefully) correct and a much better written code.\n\nIn the meanwhile, I am keeping the current buggy code at the link provided below just in case you want to debug it or play with it, in the meanwhile. Once the new code is ready, I will remove the current buggy code and replace it with the new code.\n\n\nThe last time, I had suggested an exercise to you. I had not actually undertaken that exercise myself, before writing about it on the blog.\n\nOnce I began calculating manually, I realized that the calculations were highly repetitive. I therefore decided to write a quick-and-dirty C++ program about it.\n\nIt takes a few input parameters concerning the geometrical dimensions of the highly simplified model river, generates a series of check dams, and calculates the volumes of water that would get stored.\n\nThe program also takes into consideration a thumb-rule for the evaporation losses. However, the seepage losses are not considered. That will be quite a different game.\n\nThe program also calculates the number of people whose daily personal water needs would be fully satisfied by the available water storage (after deducting the loss due to evaporation, though not by the seepage).\n\nFinally, I also threw in a very rough-and-ready calculation for estimating the costs of building the system of check-dams, and the one-time per-capita cost (for the supported population) for the round the year availability of water (assuming that all the dams do get fully filled up during the monsoon each year).\n\nLet me hasten to emphasize that the cost calculations here are too simplistic. Don’t rely on them; take them as just rough, preliminary and merely indicative estimates.\n\nThe cost calculations also do not include any maintenance aspects—which, IMO, is an even more serious drawback for this software. I believe that dam-maintenance must be factored in right at the stage of design—including periodic maintenance for the mechanized removal of the accumulated silt.\n\nFurther, costs for lift-irrigation or pumping of water are not included in this program.\n\nDespite these limitations, it has turned out to be an interesting toy to play with!\n\nI am sharing a link to a zip file (stored on Google Docs) containing the source code as well as the pre-compiled binaries for both Windows 7 and Ubuntu 14.04.01 LTS (both 64 bit), here [ (.zip, < 40 kB) ^]. Enjoy!\n\nThings you could check out:\n\nAfter altering some of the input parameters, I found that the total amount of water available (and hence the population that can be supported, and hence the per-capita expense) is highly sensitive to the depth of the river gorge at the mouth (i.e. at the extreme downstream end, where it joins a bigger river). Realize that this is a very simple model: the volume of the pyramid is directly proportional to the area of the base rectangle, and the fact of the slope restricts the possible storage volume in such a way that the depth of the river bed at the mouth then perhaps becomes the most important parameter in this model.\n\nIf you spot some other peculiarities, I would love to hear from you.\n\n\nThese days, I have been discussing these ideas with my father a bit. Not much, but I just passingly mentioned to him that I had written a blog post and that I mentioned about what he had told me about the geology of the Shirpur region.\n\nNext day, he dug out from somewhere the proceedings of an all India seminar he had attended. Here are the details of the seminar: “Modern techniques of rain water harvesting, water conservation and artificial recharge for drinking water, afforestation, horticulture and agriculture,” jointly organized by the Rural Development Department of Government of Maharashtra and the Directorate of Ground Water Surveys and Development Agency, in Pune, on 19–21 November, 1990!\n\nWow! 1990! The proceedings are by now some 25 years old!\n\nYet, browsing through it, it first seemed to be how little things had changed. The contents of that seminar a generation ago are almost entirely relevant even today!\n\n… Of course, there must have been some changes. What I got here was only a compilation of the abstracts and not the complete proceedings of all the full length papers. It is difficult to make out the progress (or its absence) looking only at abstracts. … I notice that a lot (even majority) of the papers are mostly of the sort: “This thing needs to be looked into” or “We have begun this study,” or “this approach seems to be promising.” Concrete, quantitative results are rare in the book. May be that’s the reason why the material looks very “modern” even today.\n\nOther noticeable points: Only one or two papers make reference to GIS or material generated by GIS, or to the satellite imaging/remote sensing technologies. None provides any kind of a computational modelling. All the diagrams are drawn on paper—not computer generated. The book itself was printed, not produced via desktop publishing.\n\nThere was a participant from a foreign country—a lone foreign participant, I think. His affiliation was with the Cornell University, USA.\n\nThe title of this paper was “Optimization techniques to study the impact of economic and technical measures in recovering aquifers polluted by farming activities” (italics mine).\n\nEven in the abstract, the author felt it important to highlight this part: “the importance of a government body which assumes a key regulatory role in managing the quality of the aquifers cannot be understated” (italics mine).\n\nImmediately later, he also simply added, as if it were an unquestionable kind of a statement: “Both economic and technical measures are at the disposal of the government” (italics, once again, mine).\n\nThe author had grandly concluded his abstract thusly: “A theoretical model is developed that may assist the government in determining proper policies under various conditions of economic priorities as well as under different scenarios for relative price ratios between inputs and agricultural production” (italics emphatically are only mine).\n\nThe more things change the more…\n\nBTW, any one for the idea that participation from Ivy League schools uplifts the quality of Indian conferences?\n\nIt’s a 140 pages book, and I haven’t finished even browsing all through it. My father gave it to me only yesterday noon, and, as you know, I have been writing this program since yesterday afternoon, and so didn’t find much time for this book.\n\nHowever, I did notice one very neat abstract. So neat, that I must share it fully with you. It forms the content of the next section.\n\n\n“Indian Rainfall and Water Conservation,” by P. R. Pisharoty, Professor Emeritus at Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad.\n\n\nThe average annual rainfall over the plains of India is 117 cm. The average for all the lands of the World put together is only 70 cm. per year.\n\nIn Maharashtra, 80% to 95% of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon period June to September. And that occurs in 85 days over the Konkan and in 35–45 days over the rest of Maharashtra. The monsoon rainfall over Konkan is 270 cm., Vidarbha 95 cm., Madhya Maharashtra 77 cm., and Marathwada 65 cm. Half of this amount (outside Konkan) falls in 15 Hours to 20 hours distributed within those 35–45 days. Being of high intensity, 3–5 cms. per hour, this half amount of total monsoon rainfall runs off the ground causing floods and much soil erosion.\n\nThis is our problem—particularly in the non-coastal Maharashtra. Only 35–45 days of any significant rain in the whole year, that too confined to the period June to September, half of the rain coming down with great intensity and running off the ground causing flood and much erosion.\n\nWe need innovative water conservation methods. We have to draw on our ancient wisdom. The characteristics of the rainfall in the European Countries and in north America are different. Their rainfall is distributed throughout the year and their intensities are not as high as those of Indian rainfall.\n\nConstruction of a very large number of water ponds, each a hectare or so in area and about 10 metres deep is one such method. It can be supplemented by check dams, underground check dams, etc. There are other water harvesting methods adopted in areas where annual rainfall is 20–30 cm. or less. Maharashtra is not that bad.\n\n\n[In the above reproduction, I have kept the typos (15 Hours to 20 hours), the mistaken convention for writing physical units (cm. instead of cm) and the italics emphasis exactly as in the original.]\n\nHonestly, which one of the two abstracts you liked better? Why? What kind of epistemological issues seem to be at work?\n\n\nA Song I Like:\n(Hindi) “ni sultaanaa re…”\nMusic: R. D. Burman\nSingers: Mohamad Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar\nLyrics: Majrooh Sultanpuri\n\n\n\n\n\nMicro-level water-resources engineering—3\n\nThe deccan trap basalt as the most widespread feature of the geology of Maharashtra:\n\nThe geological map for India shows a large uniform portion for the deccan plateau. It consists the hard basalt rock, and not soft or sandy alluvial soils. The deccan trap basalt portion goes over Maharashtra, MP, Karnataka, and the adjacent areas from other states. (To my surprise, it seems that the geologists do not include the south Karnataka region in the same deccan trap basalt region.)\n\nAs far as regions of water-scarcity go, there is a very wide continuous band in India. Take India’s map, and mark two slanted lines: the top one going across Rajasthan, MP, Orissa, and the bottom one going across Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and AP, even Tamil Nadu. Statistically speaking, the greatest number of the most severe droughts seem to occur in the regions falling in between these two lines.\n\nThe area of my interest is in Maharashtra. The worst drought-prone regions of Marathwada, South Maharashtra and parts of Vidarbha and Western Maharashtra all fall in between those two lines.\n\nIf Maharashtra is seen at a large, national, scale [say, 1 cm:100 km], the topmost geological layer is comprised mostly of the deccan trap basalt.\n\nThe water-seepage characteristics of the deccan trap basalt:\n\nSpeaking in general terms, if you take, say, a 10 cm X 10 cm X 10 cm cube of basalt, you will find it to be a hard, impermeable rock. You might therefore conclude that it is not very easily conducive to groundwater seepage.\n\nHowever, when viewed at a larger scale, even a top-layer of basalt is not uniform either in composition or in shape (i.e. in terms of its surface morphology). First of all, there are inhomogeneities introduced and fissures formed right at the time of formation of these geological layers aeons ago. Then, there are earth-quakes, introducing cracks and fissures. Further, there also are some very slow processes that nevertheless make their effects felt over the geologically long time-scale of tens, even hundreds of thousands of years.\n\nDue to the inhomogeneity of their composition and morphology, the daily thermal expansions and contractions experienced by the surface layers of rocks are inhomogenous. These inhomogeneities lead to thermally induced mechanical stresses. Over the geological time-scale, the repeated thermal stresses result in local fractures, especially near the surface (where the temperature gradients are the greatest). Further, the mechanical effects of erosion due to water flow leads to deposition of sand; it also serves to erode the fissure openings. The chemical action of dissolved minerals and chemicals lead to enlargement of fissures and opening of cavities at surface as well as deeper layers. Even in a nominally hard rock like basalt.\n\nThus, due to fracturing and weathering at the surface layers, if you consider relatively bigger patches, say those at the scale of, 10 m to a few hundreds of m (or bigger), even a top layer of a nominally hard rock like the basalt, can begin to act like the more permeable alluvial layer.\n\nSince the cracks are highly irregular and elongated, percolation from a surface water body into the deeper underground layers is highly inhomogeneous and anisoptropic.\n\nIn the above discussion, we have considered the seepage from the surface layers. As far as the underground flow through aquifers goes, there is a presence of local sub-layering within an overall top layer of basalt. Further, fissuring and cavitation also has occurred deeper underground. Therefore, local underground aquifers are observed to exist even within an overall basalt layer. Such aquifers often are quite directional, and not too criss-cross. Hence, anisotropy (or directionality) to the local underground flow is only to be expected.\n\nAs an example of a locally restricted fracturing/fissuring, observe the groundwater falling over the passing trains and buses in the tunnels of the Khandala ghat on the Mumbai–Pune routes. (BTW, in case you have ever wondered whether these fissures/fractures pose risk, don’t worry!  Their presence is already factored in, while designing for tunnels—fracture mechanics, by now, is a fairly well understood technique.)\n\nOne notable reference here is by Prof. Deolankar of Uni. of Pune: Deolankar, S. B. (1980) “The deccan basalts of Maharashtra, India—their potential as aquifers,” Ground Water, vol. 18, no. 5, September–October 1980, pp. 434–437 [(.PDF) ^]. Note the comparisons to the basalt layers elsewhere, and the quantitative estimates for parameters such as porosity, yield, transmissivity and specific capacity.\n\nTo conclude, (i) a top layer of basalt layer also allows for seepage of water, even if (ii) the effect varies greatly from place to place (due to the inhomogeneity of fracturing) and the flow is directional (due to anisotropy).\n\nTherefore, groundwater seepage, and therefore artificial groundwater recharge work, appears feasible even in the deccan trap region of Maharashtra. However, it is only to be expected that the seepage aspect won’t be as pronounced as in the regions having a sandy alluvial top layer.\n\nThe importance of the local geology:\n\nDue to the local inhomogeneity and anisotropy, there also arise certain difficulties or challenges.\n\nThe main difficulty is that unless a detailed geological study of the local hydro-geology is carefully conducted, it would be impossible to tell whether any underground water recharge work would at all be feasible in a given village or not.\n\nArtificial groundwater recharge work may lead to very impressive results in some village or a cluster of villages, but it may not at all give economical returns even in some nearby  villages—even if all of them fall under the same governmental administrative unit of a taluka (or even a block). [The same Collector; the same Block Development Officer! … Two results! (LOL!)]\n\nThus, in Maharashtra (and similar regions), it becomes crucially important to know what kind of local geology there is—the surface geology, as well as the geology and morphology of the underground strata.  The depth to which these features should be known would vary from place to place; it may range from 10 m to even hundreds of meters.\n\nUnfortunately, the geological surveys in the past were conducted only at much grosser scales. The relevant geological data at the micro-level of villages (i.e. covering just 5 km X 5 km areas) are simply not available.\n\nIf experts (say GSA) are asked to conduct such surveys at the micro-level for the entire country, it would be a very time-consuming and costly process.\n\nHowever, realize that what you need for the water-conservation work is not the most elaborate kinds of surveys. You don’t need surveys of the kind that GSA or the mining engineers make. You aren’t really interested in things like detailed rock-compositions, percentages of minerals, etc. Your main interest is things such as: what kind of strata run where underground, what kind of intermediate layers occur in between the layers of hard rocks and at what depths, the depth and the direction at/in which the local fissures and aquifers run, whether a given fissure extends up to surface or not, etc.\n\nSome of this data (concerning the local geological strata) can be gathered simply by observing the traditional wells! Often-times, the wells are either not at all covered with walls, or even if there is a masonry work, it does not extend beyond a certain depth, and so, the underground layers stand adequately exposed at the traditional wells. Other data can be had by observing the exposed surfaces of nallahs, rivers, hill-sides, etc.\n\nAnd, of course, data about the local underground strata can always be had by drilling observation bore-wells (though it would be a costlier method).\n\nThe economic relevance of computational modelling:\n\nIn places like Maharashtra, since the groundwater seepage, flow, and water-holding characteristics crucially involve local variations and directionality, 3D computational models should prove to be of definite use.\n\nUse of 3D computational models would not only streamline the collection of data, it would also lead to far more accurate predictions concerning economic feasibility of projects—ahead of spending any money on them.\n\nA case in point, here, is that of a small check-dam built at the initiative of the IIT Bombay alumni. More details can be found at the CTARA Web site. As a measure of the difficulty in making predictions for underground water flow, notice that in spite of certain geological studies (of conductivity measurements etc.) conducted by the IIT Bombay experts prior to building of this check dam, it still has not resulted in any enhanced ground-water seepage downstream. Chances are, if a 3D model were to be built by drilling observation bore-wells, either a significant amount of money could have been saved, or deployed at a more suitable location.\n\nAn apparent counter-case in point is that of the success of the Shirpur pattern, at its original location, viz., near Shirpur (where else?). No detailed micro-level 3D computational modelling was conducted for it. Still, it was successful. How come?\n\nThe local geology of the Shirpur region as not being representative of the entire state of Maharashtra:\n\nAs it so happens, my father, a retired irrigation engineer, had worked in the Shirpur area. (I thus happened to have had a considerable stint of my school education in and around Shirpur.) I had discussed the issue with my father quite a few years ago. From whatever I now recollected, he had mentioned that the local geology there indeed was more conducive to underground seepage. There were sandy soils at the top level, and some hard rock well underneath. Both these factors lead to better seepage characteristics. The strategy of deepening and widening of the nallahs, as followed in the Shirpur pattern, therefore is a good strategy. As to the rest of Maharashtra, the local geological characteristics differed, he had mentioned it.\n\n[I guess we had this conversation some time in 2007 or 2008. I have been having this idea of not getting discouraged if there is no water at a bore-well location, but instead turn the situation on its head and use the out-coming data regarding the underlying geological strata, to build better predictive computer models at a very fine level of granularity. I have been having this idea since at least 2008, and so, our conversation must be that old. As to the appreciation of having to carefully build 3D models, I owe it to my training in materials engineering, in particular, stereology.]\n\nAnyway, in the recent weeks, I therefore checked the local geology for the Shirpur region, consulting some of the references listed in my earlier post in this series. It turns out that the depth to the water level near Shirpur is at roughly 20–30 m bgl (i.e. below ground level); see ref. here: Aquifer Systems of India, Central Ground Water Board, Plate XXVII on page 58 [(34 MB) pdf ^]. Now, this is a region through which Taapi, a major river, flows. As any school-boy in Shirpur would know, the river has enriched the top layers with a rich black soil. What is the official geological nature of this top layer? Turns out that it is “alluvial.” The black soil does not have the best permeability. However, in the Shirpur region, the alluvial deposits also are sandy in nature, esp. as you go below a certain depth (of 1 m to a few meters). Next, check out the distinctive yellow patch of the alluvial region in this map, standing in sharp contrast to the green patch for the basalt layer for the major parts of Maharashtra [(370 kB pdf) ^].\n\nA top layer of alluvial soil, esp. if deeper than 10 m, if it is then also supported underneath by a highly impervious layer (e.g. basalt in Maharashtra), then the approaches that seek to enhance ground-water seepage do make good sense.\n\nIn contrast, if there is a top layer of basalt itself, then, in general, it is less conducive to groundwater seepage; it is more conducive to construction of check-dams for water storage (as in contrast to water percolation/seepage), or for the Kolhapur-type weirs for both storage and redistribution, etc.\n\nAs an inevitable conclusion, the local geology holds very important implications for selection of effective water conservation strategies.\n\nNaturally, you can’t just go ahead and apply the Shirpur pattern everywhere in Maharashtra.\n\n“Give me the funds for a few Poclains per taalukaa, and I will make everything green,” is a statement therefore strongly reminiscent of “Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the whole world.” The point is not that the whole world won’t be moved; the point is the natural difficulty in providing the guy with a place to stand (complete with air to breathe etc.), not to mention the engineering difficulty of supplying him with a strong enough, and long enough, a lever. And, of course, the difficulty of arranging a place to keep the fulcrum of that lever.\n\nDramatic statements, both!\n\nI will go ahead, stick my neck out, and say that the Shirpur pattern—inasmuch as it incorporates the seepage mechanism as a strategy—is not likely to be the most optimum solution at any places other than in the Tapi and the Purna river regions! Check out the map if you have not done so already [(370 kB pdf) ^]!\n\nThe idea of small dams as storage—and not seepage—devices:\n\nCome to think of it, then, with all the due qualifications—i.e., speaking only in general terms, and only for most parts of Maharashtra (not all), and ignoring any fracturing present in the local geology—the idea of small-dams or check-dams as storage devices, rather than as a seepage devices (or as a groundwater recharge devices), has begun to make much better sense to me. …\n\n[… Yes, the famous government-funded Poclains, and the government-funded work to be contracted out to some of the local parties, and the government funds to be timely released only to some of those parties…. The whole she-bang does stand to be applied also here; more on it, later, if at all necessary. …]\n\n…For the time being, here is an exercise for you.\n\n\nTake a smallish river (or a bigger nallah), say, 50 km (or 10 km) long. Build an enormously simplified geometrical model of the river, by assuming a rectangular pyramid for its water-carrying volume.\n\nThus, ignore all the bends in the course of the river and instead assume that the river looks like a long, acicular triangle in the plan (i.e. in the top view). Further, assume that the vertical cross-section of the river remains rectangular throughout; it goes on linearly increasing in area from zero at the origin of the river to a certain value at the end of the river.\n\nAssume typical figures for the dimensions of the river/nallah: how about a vertical cross section that is 50 m wide and 2–3 m deep at the mid-length of the river (i.e. 25 km downstream from the origin)? Assume also a suitable slope for the river, so that water does indeed flow downstream: how about a fall in the height of the ground level of, say, 50 to 100 m, over its 50 km length?\n\nNow, if a series of check dams were to be built on this “river” such that they would submerge some 75% of the total river area present in the plan view into water-holding areas, calculate how much total volume of water would be made available. Compare this volume to the storage capacity of a single conventional dam known to you. …\n\n[While making your calculations, realize (i) that the max. height of the dam cannot exceed the depth of the river bed (because only the river area would go under water), (ii) that the bottom of the river slopes down, and therefore (iii) that the depth of river bed below the water surface goes on decreasing as you go upstream from the check dam location, coming to zero at some location upstream. The third factor severely delimits the total volume of water that can be held via the series of check dams.]\n\nTo put the water volume in context, assume that the per-capita consumption for daily individual consumption is some 135–150 liters. Using this assumption, determine the size of the town/city whose needs could be met by this series of check dams. (Note, this figure does not include demand for agriculture and industrial usages.)\n\nThen, consult a practising civil engineer and find out the current cost of construction of all these check dams. Compare this cost with that of a single conventional dam.\n\nThink about any advantages the series of check dams may have; consider water distribution, flood control, and sedimentation and maintenance aspects.\n\nInclude the costs of canal construction in the conventional approach. Include the costs of lift-irrigation schemes in the check-dams approach.\n\nInclude the fact that since check-dams won’t have a great height (say 2–4 m), the evaporation losses (estimated at about 20–30% in the conventional dams) may even lead to this circumstance: all the water in a check dam plain evaporates in the thin air even before the next summer season approaches. Realize here that, as a rule of thumb, evaporation losses over the eight non-monsoon months are as high as about 1.67 m of height loss per square m of the average of top and bottom surface areas in the plan. [To help put this figure in some kind of a context, the average annual rainfall in Maharashtra is about 110 cm—if no rainwater were to be lost to seepage, runoff or evaporation, and if all of it could be collected, a tank with a square meter of bottom surface area would hold a water body 1.1 m tall.]\n\nInclude the economics of maintenance and mechanization in the regions where there is no traditional “Rajasthan culture” of water conservation, but instead people expect government to bring them everything wherever they are.\n\n\nI will come back later with some further notes and observations (including those on software) on this topic of micro-level water-resources engineering. In particular, I want to make a few notings related to the GIS software. However, I belong to those old-fashioned kind of engineers who, in their practical life (as in contrast to their avatars in blogosphere, for instance) always first do a quick back-of-the-envelop calculation before they switch on a computer to do any computational modelling. If you are like me, you should finish the above exercise first, so that the exploration of software is better grounded in reality.\n\n\nA Song I Like:\n(Marathi) “gangaa aali re, angaNi”\nLyrics: G. D. Madgulkar\nMusic: Datta Davajekar\nSingers: Jayawant Kulkarni, Sharad Jambhekar, Govind Powale, H. Vasant, Aparna Mayekar\n\n[Minor updates done right on 2015.04.08 after posting the very first version. Guess I will not make any significant revisions to this post any further. May come back and correct typos and grammatical streamlining; that’s all—no new points.]\n\n\n\nMicro-level water-resources engineering—2\n\nAs mentioned in my last blog post, I have been browsing material on the title subject.\n\nIn this post, let me note down a few informative links that I have (only) browsed (but not completely read through) thus far. I will come back to my own notes and observations (based on them) in the subsequent posts. BTW, I intend to keep this post as a catch-all thing: whenever I find a new interesting link, I will come back and note it here, without separately mentioning update dates and all. (I think I will also consider converting this post into a separate page of this blog or my personal Web site.)\n\n\nIndia Water Portal [^] (Web sites like these are, IMO, better than novels in English 🙂 )\nRainwater Harvesting [^]\n\nGovernment and Public Sector Portals/Sites:\n\nIMD: [^]\n\nIITM: [^]\n\nCentral Groundwater Board:  [^]. This is a big site/portal. So, let me note down the links to some specifically relevant parts of it:  Downloads [^], Watershed [^], Aquifer Systems of India (and a few states) [^], Groundwater Yearbooks [^], Groundwater Scenario in India [^].\n\nThe World Bank funded projects in India, phase I and II: [^][^]\n\nBooks, Academics, and Professional Organizations:\n\nA popularization kind of a book on Rajasthan’s water culture: [^]. Incidentally, it is through this book that I came to place Rajendra Singh’s work in a better context. The last time I had wondered why Singh didn’t go 400 km West. This book clarified the matter to me.\n\nUS Dept of Agriculture Report: Technical Guide to Managing Ground Water Resources [(.PDF) ^]\n\nGroundwater Manual [^]\n\nA book at the US GS site: [^]\n\nA research group at CTARA, IIT Bombay: [^]. Reports and Course Materials at [^],  [^],  and [^]\n\nA research group at IISc Bangalore: [^]. An example of a project they are carrying out: [^]\n\nA private research cum consulting group from Pune (with many academic projects conducted with the Geology Dept. of S. P. University of Pune, too): [^]\n\nCP Kumar’s links on hydrology [^] and on hydrology resources [^]. He works at the National Institute of Hydrology: [^]. There is a learning package for hydrology for the beginners, too: [^]\n\nIndian Association of Hydrologists [^]\n\n\nHydrology Software:\n\nLists of software maintained at the USGS site, in general [^], and for groundwater in particular [^].\n\nA proprietory software developed for use by the government agencies in India [^]:\n\nOpen-source GIS software:\n\nWiki list [^].\n\nThe following two seem to be more general purpose and/or leading; they also are multi-platform: QGIS (I think IIT Bombay people use it) [^], and GRASS [^].\n\nAn open-source GIS software on Windows (.NET) platform: [^]. US EPA uses it: [^]. I installed and tried it, but the documentation seems to be lagging behind the software.\n\nParFlow: [^]\n\nList at the GIS Lounge: [^]\n\nRainfall and Its Measurement:\n\nAnnual rainfall animation [^]. Check out the animated GIF [^]. A surprise: check out the low rainfall area which the animation shows for the Konkan region. That is because while creating the animation, they coarse-grained the data. There are unexpectedly low-rainfall region even in Konkan, but these are rather isolated. Once again highlights the importance of the local data. But, it’s entertaining anyway.\n\nAnother royal entertainment (reduce your computer’s volume before hitting the link): [^]. Then, to see the actual action, hit the “Play the whole sequence” button. (This is one of the rare times that you would wish you had an Intel 386.)\n\nJust in case you want to keep a record of the rainfall in your area, in India, we follow these specs  [(.PDF) ^].\n\nIn case you didn’t know, 1 mm of rainfall at a point means “A 0.001 m3, or 1 litre of water to each square metre of the field” [^]. … 1 cm of rainfall is ten times that number.\n\n\nOn the Internet, look up the area of a state, district, taluka, or city; look up its average annual rainfall; then find the total quantity of water (in litres) it receives via rainfall in a typical year.\n\nThen, also do searches and find out data about its total water demand. Also, find out its current water availability, and the short-fall in the supply.\n\n\nThe average annual rainfall for India is about 70 cm in monsoon alone, and about 110 cm for the entire year (including the non-monsoon rains, snow-fall, etc.) (Source: [^]. Also see: [^]).\n\nFloods and droughts still visit India every year.\n\nThe average annual rainfall in Jaisalmer is just 16.4 cm (less than one-fifth of that at Delhi), and all of it is received over only 10 days. (Yes, statistically speaking, as many as 355 days in a year go completely dry there.) The water-table depth there is really bad; it ranges between about 40 to 80 m (i.e., about 125 to 250 feet) [^].\n\nJaisalmer nevertheless has a huge lake that would supply water to the city [^] all through the year—the lake would not go dry even in summer! This lake: Image [^], video [^].\n\nNo, that lake doesn’t get its water supply from a river or groundwater sources; there is in fact no mountainous or hilly region around it. The only source of water for this lake is: an ingenious scheme for rainwater harvesting. A scheme that is almost 7 centuries old.\n\nNow, go, figure how wasteful—and flood-hit—and water-scarce—the rest of us manage to remain even today.\n\n\nA Song I Like:\n(Marathi) “ye re ghanaa ye re ghanaa…”\nMusic: Hridaynath Mangeshkar\nLyrics: Aarati Prabhu\nSinger: Asha Bhosale", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6881037354469299}
+{"content": "Artist Statement | The Savage Garden\n\nView the CollectionExplore Other Collections\n\n\nWhat these plants have in common with all other plants is the desire to reproduce, to ensure survival. In a world divided into terms of active and passive, we tend to think of plants as passive, non-aggressive forms of life. Approximately 100 million years ago, evolution took these plants down a different path blurring the line that separates the vegetable from the animal kingdom. As they foraged for a diet high in protein, eating insects emerged as a brilliant evolutionary strategy – a miracle of purpose!\n\n\nThe poetic sensibility of nature seems to hover somewhere between paradise and tragedy. In these flesh-eating plants, we find a sinister beauty. Evolution has taught these carnivorous plants how to make the best of the conditions they grow in, honoring the darker more mysterious side of nature.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.000001072883606}
+{"content": "How can I set proxy server for the product\n\n\nSet variables https_proxy in file /etc/default/ometascan.\n\n\nUnder Windows use the netsh tool to set the proxy, e.g.: netsh winhttp set proxy <ADDRESS>\n\nIn some cases setting the proxy with netsh is not sufficient. In that case set the proxy by starting Internet Explorer with SYSTEM rights and configure the proxy in the settings. To do this please follow this article.\n\nYou might need to configure Windows proxy to bypass local addresses if you can't access Web Management Console from the host itself. Consult netsh documentation for additional configuration options.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7219150066375732}
+{"content": "Skip to main content\n[ \"article:topic\" ]\nStatistics LibreTexts\n\n1.1: Basic Definitions and Concepts\n\n  • Page ID\n  • Skills to Develop\n\n    • To learn the basic definitions used in statistics and some of its key concepts.\n\n    We begin with a simple example. There are millions of passenger automobiles in the United States. What is their average value? It is obviously impractical to attempt to solve this problem directly by assessing the value of every single car in the country, add up all those values, then divide by the number of values, one for each car. In practice the best we can do would be to estimate the average value. A natural way to do so would be to randomly select some of the cars, say \\(200\\) of them, ascertain the value of each of those cars, and find the average of those \\(200\\) values. The set of all those millions of vehicles is called the population of interest, and the number attached to each one, its value, is a measurement. The average value is a parameter: a number that describes a characteristic of the population, in this case monetary worth. The set of \\(200\\) cars selected from the population is called a sample, and the \\(200\\) numbers, the monetary values of the cars we selected, are the sample data. The average of the data is called a statistic: a number calculated from the sample data. This example illustrates the meaning of the following definitions.\n\n    Definitions: populations and samples \n\n    population is any specific collection of objects of interest. A sample is any subset or subcollection of the population, including the case that the sample consists of the whole population, in which case it is termed a census.\n\n    Definitions: measurements and Sample Data\n\n    measurement is a number or attribute computed for each member of a population or of a sample. The measurements of sample elements are collectively called the sample data.\n\n    Definition: parameters\n\n    parameter is a number that summarizes some aspect of the population as a whole. A statistic is a number computed from the sample data.\n\n    Continuing with our example, if the average value of the cars in our sample was \\($8,357\\), then it seems reasonable to conclude that the average value of all cars is about \\($8,357\\). In reasoning this way we have drawn an inference about the population based on information obtained from the sample. In general, statistics is a study of data: describing properties of the data, which is called descriptive statistics, and drawing conclusions about a population of interest from information extracted from a sample, which is called inferential statistics. Computing the single number \\($8,357\\) to summarize the data was an operation of descriptive statistics; using it to make a statement about the population was an operation of inferential statistics.\n\n    Definition: Statistics \n\n    Statistics is a collection of methods for collecting, displaying, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data.\n\n    Definition: Descriptive statistics\n\n    Descriptive statistics is the branch of statistics that involves organizing, displaying, and describing data.\n\n    Definition: Inferential statistics\n\n    Inferential statistics is the branch of statistics that involves drawing conclusions about a population based on information contained in a sample taken from that population.\n\n    The measurement made on each element of a sample need not be numerical. In the case of automobiles, what is noted about each car could be its color, its make, its body type, and so on. Such data are categorical or qualitative, as opposed to numerical or quantitative data such as value or age. This is a general distinction.\n\n    Definition: Qualitative data\n\n    Qualitative data are measurements for which there is no natural numerical scale, but which consist of attributes, labels, or other non-numerical characteristics.\n\n    Definition: Quantitative data\n\n    Quantitative data are numerical measurements that arise from a natural numerical scale.\n\n    Qualitative data can generate numerical sample statistics. In the automobile example, for instance, we might be interested in the proportion of all cars that are less than six years old. In our same sample of \\(200\\) cars we could note for each car whether it is less than six years old or not, which is a qualitative measurement. If \\(172\\) cars in the sample are less than six years old, which is \\(0.86\\) or \\(86\\% \\), then we would estimate the parameter of interest, the population proportion, to be about the same as the sample statistic, the sample proportion, that is, about \\(0.86\\).\n\n    The relationship between a population of interest and a sample drawn from that population is perhaps the most important concept in statistics, since everything else rests on it. This relationship is illustrated graphically in Figure \\(\\PageIndex{1}\\). The circles in the large box represent elements of the population. In the figure there was room for only a small number of them but in actual situations, like our automobile example, they could very well number in the millions. The solid black circles represent the elements of the population that are selected at random and that together form the sample. For each element of the sample there is a measurement of interest, denoted by a lower case \\(x\\) (which we have indexed as \\(x_1 , \\ldots, x_n\\) to tell them apart); these measurements collectively form the sample data set. From the data we may calculate various statistics. To anticipate the notation that will be used later, we might compute the sample mean \\(\\bar{x}\\) and the sample proportion \\(\\hat{p}\\), and take them as approximations to the population mean \\(\\mu\\) (this is the lower case Greek letter mu, the traditional symbol for this parameter) and the population proportion \\(p\\), respectively. The other symbols in the figure stand for other parameters and statistics that we will encounter.\n\n\n    Figure \\(\\PageIndex{1}\\): The Grand Picture of Statistics\n\n    Key Takeaway\n\n    • Statistics is a study of data: describing properties of data (descriptive statistics) and drawing conclusions about a population based on information in a sample (inferential statistics).\n    • The distinction between a population together with its parameters and a sample together with its statistics is a fundamental concept in inferential statistics.\n    • Information in a sample is used to make inferences about the population from which the sample was drawn.\n\n\n    • Anonymous", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7335822582244873}
+{"content": "4 Ways to Make the World a Little Kinder for People With Mental Illness\n\nI’m going to start off by being completely honest: for a while, I didn’t believe mental illness could be real – I thought positive thinking was the solution to everything. I considered myself happy and assumed people could just make a choice to feel a certain way.\n\nBut eventually I would learn I was wrong, and thinking that way actually causes harm.\n\nDepression and anxiety are not illnesses I thought would ever be part of my life. Little did I know, they were following me closely as I grew up; the days became darker and the light was more challenging to find. It wasn’t until years of health issues got to me I realized I wasn’t doing well emotionally. Sadness overwhelmed me and my body no longer felt like mine. Decisions like what to eat or what clothes to wear became painful tasks that required all my energy. Being around too many people terrified me.\n\nSounds and smells triggered horrible memories, and nightmares left me with many sleepless nights.\n\nI didn’t reach out for help until I began having sudden urges to hurt myself or to end my life. I was embarrassed, felt like I was letting everyone down and I was terrified of how people might react. These feelings are all too common when dealing with mental illness. Stigma is a dangerous thing in more ways than one. It leads to silence when inside people are screaming, which is a huge barrier to getting help.\n\nMental illness is something I’m sure has touched all of our lives in one way or another. Whether it’s a family member, friend, neighbor, colleague or yourself. I’ve learned that one out of every five people will experience a mental illness, but five out of every five people have mental health, so it’s something that concerns us all. It can be a challenging thing to understand, but it’s even harder to live with it in a world that doesn’t understand. Each day is spent existing or surviving, wishing and hoping to truly live a fulfilling and purposeful life. Everybody deserves that, and with a few small changes in our day to day lives, we can help make it happen.\n\nHere are a four easy ways to make the world a little kinder for everyone:\n\n1. Use inclusive language.\n\nMaybe you’ve heard it before, but mental illnesses are not adjectives. Describing unusual things as “crazy” or saying your “OCD is acting up” when you need to clean your room are just a few examples. By intentionally choosing different words, we can make a big impact. After all, there are more accurate words that can be used to describe things.\n\n2. Practice empathy instead of sympathy.\n\nFeeling connected is something everyone benefits from, and it can play a huge role in surviving mental illness. Did you know there’s a difference between sympathy and empathy, and that one of these can lead to better connections between people? In some cases sympathy might make sense, but it also creates a disconnect between people. Empathy is different because it brings people together, creating that feeling of connectedness we all need. This video does a great job explaining the difference:\n\n3. Random acts of kindness.\n\nYou never know what’s going on in someone else’s life or how a small act can make or break their day. It can be as simple as smiling at everyone you pass while walking down the street, handing out flowers to strangers or doing something bold to spread a positive message.\n\n4. Storytelling.\n\nI’m a strong believer in the power of telling stories. It’s probably one of the most impactful ways to educate others. I want to encourage everyone to share their story when they’re ready – whether that’s through art, music, writing, acting, speaking to a crowd or speaking to one other person – whatever works for you. And please, open your hearts to hearing stories and appreciate the courage it takes to share.\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6123654842376709}
+{"content": "What is Reiki?\n\nBy Leslie Langnau\n\nThe talented practitioners at Wellspring Studio are trained and skilled in a number of bodywork styles, such as Thai massage, reflexology, Reiki, and so on. Over the next few issues we will describe more fully each different bodywork practice that we offer. Next time you call for an appointment, you might want to try one of them.\n\nWhile massage is a well-known form of bodywork, there are several types of bodywork that focus on energy balancing, each working with the body’s energies in a different way. Reiki, for example, is an energy transmission and balancing method. In a Reiki (pronounced Ray-Key) session, the practitioner places her hands either near or on your major chakras. Over the next few moments, you will feel a warmth moving into you, almost like a comforting warm blanket, helping you to relax and recharge. This process is done over each chakra area. There is no pressure, massage or manipulation.\n\nA Reiki session is deeply relaxing and creates a sense of wellbeing. Reiki assists in balancing your physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wellbeing to promote a deep sense of relaxation. \n\nYou may experience the energy as sensations, such as heat, tingling, or pulsing where the practitioner places her hands, or you may feel these sensations move through your body to other locations. Some people may not perceive any change at all.\n\nYou are fully clothed the entire time, feeling the warm energy flow gently throughout your body.\n\nCurrently, the Cleveland Clinic is studying the effects of Reiki on many patients.  Reiki is known to speed healing. Other benefits include dissolving energy blockages and tension, reducing stress; supporting the wellbeing of a client who is receiving medical treatments; stimulate the body’s immune system; help relieve pain; stimulate tissue and bone healing after injury or surgery; help achieve meditative states, and it can promote natural self healing.  \n\n​Carol - 216.970.1199", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5818264484405518}
+{"content": "Virgin Galactic completed transonic flight test\n\nVirgin Galactic’s VSS Unity last week completed its seventh flight over the Mojave Desert, the first since last summer.\n\nThe flight was designed to validate work completed during recent months of downtime, including transonic flight performance, stability and control to ensure the vehicle is ready for the higher loads and forces of powered test flight.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9741603136062622}
+{"content": "What is HITRUST?\n\n\nWhy does HITRUST matter?\n\nThere are several reasons why HITRUST is important to the healthcare industry:\n\n  1. HITRUST is the most widely-adopted security framework in the U.S. healthcare industry. It provides an industry-wide approach for managing Business Associate compliance.\n  2. HITRUST is required by some major payers. On February 8, 2016, 5 major healthcare payers issued a letter to their business associates explaining the need for them to comply with the HITRUST Common Security Framework within two years. (Read that letter). As a result, companies must ask themselves “what is HITRUST going to require” and “what changes will we need to make to achieve and maintain our certification”.\n  3. HITRUST is updated regularly. The framework is updated regularly to ensure that healthcare organizations leveraging the framework are prepared whenever new regulations and security risks are introduced. It is the most frequently updated security framework in use, with quarterly updates and annual audit changes. This means that people who abide by the CSF will actually be actively ensuring that their security is maximized.\n\nWhere did the HITRUST CSF come from?\n\nThe development of the CSF leveraged nationally and internationally accepted standards. Today, the HITRUST CSF is a comprehensive security framework that includes, harmonizes and cross-references existing, globally-recognized standards, regulations and business requirements, including: HIPAA, HITECH, NIST, ISO, PCI, FTC, COBIT and relevant State laws.\n\nWhat is HITRUST able to do to help protect against cyberattacks?\n\nHITRUST is the most dynamic security standard that offers a certification. It evolves according to user input and changing conditions in the healthcare industry and in the overall regulatory environment on an annual basis. As needs change, the HITRUST CSF changes with it. As an example, the CSF changes based on feedback from the community and from an updated set of cross-references and security requirements which, among other sources, can include HIPAA’s Privacy Rules, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) Special Publications.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9913976788520813}
+{"content": "Return to Headlines\n\nCharacter Trait of the Month\n\nCharacter Trait- Perseverance\n\nTaken from\n\n\nWhat is the definition of perseverance?\n\nPerseverance is the ability and self-control that pushes you to work through challenges. Having perseverance means that when you are facing a challenge, you use your mind and your body to overcome it. Perseverance means you are able to wait and work through difficulties, whether they have to do with your mind, your body, or your emotions. \n\nWhy is perseverance important for kids?\n\nPerseverance is very important for kids to develop because life is full of challenges-- and perseverance is what helps you get through the difficulties to get to what you want. Sometimes the challenge is something hard for your body, like raking the leaves out of the entire yard or staying strong at the end of a long sports match. Sometimes it’s a challenge for your mind, like learning a new math equation or staying focused on something you need to do when you really want to be doing something else. Sometimes challenges are emotional like when you’re sad after a pet dies or when a friendship is breaking. \n\nNo matter what the challenge, perseverance is important because it is the drive that helps you get through the obstacle to the easier bit on the other side. Even though it feels so hard when you are working through a challenge, perseverance keeps pushing you through to your goal and to the good feeling that comes with knowing you did your best. \n\nTaking the easy way out by cheating, quitting, or avoiding a situation doesn’t make the challenge go away. It just makes you have to deal with it at a different time. Perseverance helps you get through the challenge, even though it’s hard, and gives you that warm feeling in your heart of knowing you did the right thing.\n\nMore and more experts are arguing that perseverance (also called grit), along with other performance values, is essential to kids’ future success. We tend to think that encouraging kids means telling them they’re smart or great at soccer, or otherwise doling out praise. But telling a child he is smart is far less effective than rewarding him for hard work. In fact, rewarding intelligence instead of perseverance tends to restrict children, encouraging them to shy away from new challenges and even lie to avoid proving they aren’t as smart as their parents tell them they are. Why is perseverance important for kids? Because teaching a child to persevere through challenges gives her the work ethic to be a responsible and resilient adult. Here are some great ideas for building perseverance in students.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9744096398353577}
+{"content": "decor, inspiration\n\nMake Your Own Macramé\n\nIf you grew up in the '70s, you're almost guaranteed to be familiar with macramé, a type of textile that is made from knotting thread together to creative crafty, decorative items. The art of macramé became incredibly popular during this decade but in fact has roots that reach all the way back to the 17th Century. It was spread from Europe to many other parts of the world by sailors who used to knot hammocks, belts, knife handle covers and more in their spare time at sea and ultimately became a widespread pastime and popular decorative technique during the Victorian era. Though macramé lost its appeal for a long time, it saw a resurgence during the '70s when it was used to make wall hangings, plant hangers, bedspreads and tablecloths and then it quickly fell out of fashion again. But with the general trend towards all things '70s predicted for 2016, this craft is back again in a big way. For all those who're keen to hop on the bandwagon and make like sailors of yore, we've included a macramé plant holder tutorial below that takes you through how to make your own knotted treasure.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8600955009460449}
+{"content": "Lost Souls ParaAgency and the Three Witches of Burberry by K.M. Waller\n\n\nFamily legacies are a curse!\n\nWelcome to the Lost Souls ParaAgency, where agents work together to ensure the safety of humans and to prevent exposure of the paranormal community.\n\nThe Assignment—stop witches from creating magical chaos in the small town of Burberry, South Carolina.\n\nThere’s no dead body… yet. And there won’t be if Lex Dimas takes this assignment. Forced to take on the occasional paranormal case by his manipulative grandfather, he’d prefer to spend his days striking deals in the boardroom. Instead, he’s stuck in small town Burberry searching out witches who intend to harm the unsuspecting townspeople. Only, he doesn’t come upon a group of hateful witches—instead he finds a sweeter-than-peach-pie tea shop owner who wouldn’t harm anyone.\n\nAmira Walker and her two sisters come from a long line of witches who harness the power of emotional manipulation. But the Walker girls aren’t interested in fulfilling their witchy destinies, much to the chagrin of their three powerful aunts. When Lex shows up, Amira mistakenly believes he's spelled by the aunts in a love match attempt. To her mixed delight and disappointment, she discovers he’s there to apprehend a paranormal villain.\n\nAs Burberry becomes a hotbed of magical activity, Lex is sure Amira’s youngest sister is to blame. It’ll be up to Amira to prove her sister’s innocence and help Lex find the true culprit. Can they survive malicious witchcraft and come together as a paranormal investigative team before it’s too late?\n\n“Fun Witchy Cozy Mystery That Has You Laughing” ~Audible Reviewer", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7764155268669128}
+{"content": "\n\n“This result, if confirmed, could upend our understanding of dark matter,” says physicist Don Lincoln of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois, who was not involved in the research. So-called “self-interacting dark matter” has been suggested for some time but it has generally been considered unorthodox. The simplest model of dark matter portrays it as a single particle—one that happens to interact with others of its kind and normal matter very little or not at all. Physicists favor the most basic explanations that fit the bill and add extra complications only when necessary, so this scenario tends to be the most popular. For dark matter to interact with itself requires not only dark matter particles but also a dark force to govern their interactions and dark boson particles to carry this force. This more complex picture mirrors our understanding of normal matter particles, which interact through force-carrying particles. For example, protons interact through the electromagnetic force, which is carried by particles called photons (particles of light).\n\nNow scientists led by Richard Massey at Durham University in England report in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society the first signs that dark forces and dark bosons might really exist. Researchers used the MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) instrument on the Very Large Telescope in Chile, along with the Hubble Space Telescope to examine the Abell 3827 cluster, where four galaxies are colliding in a cosmic car wreck.\n\nTo determine where the invisible dark matter lies, astronomers took advantage of a natural phenomenon called gravitational lensing, predicted by Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Lensing occurs when mass warps spacetime, causing light traveling through this bent region to take a curved path. The dark matter in Abell 3827 is plentiful, so it warps the space around it significantly. When light from a distant object behind the cluster travels to Earth, it passes through this distorted area and produces telltale signs of lensing, such as arcs of light and double images, that astronomers used to “weigh” the unseen matter in the cluster. The scientists found that in at least one of the colliding galaxies the dark matter in the galaxy had become separated from its stars and other visible matter by about 5,000 light-years. One explanation is that the dark matter from this galaxy interacted with dark matter from one of the other galaxies flying by it, and these interactions slowed it down, causing it to separate and lag behind the normal matter.\n\nThe interactions would be similar to what happens when two protons pass near one another. Each releases a photon that is absorbed by the other, causing both particles to recoil. This repellent force happens between any two particles with the same electromagnetic charge and it could happen between any two dark matter particles as well. But because dark matter is not affected by the electromagnetic force, only a new “dark” force, carried by a so-called dark-photon, could produce the repulsion. It could also be that only some portion of dark matter interacts with itself whereas the bulk of it is a more traditional single-particle type. “It does seem pretty good for our kind of model, in which only a small fraction of the dark matter interacts,” says Harvard University physicist Lisa Randall, who has envisioned such a model.\n\nThe study leaders are cautious about interpreting their observations. “This is very, very exiting because it is the first potential detection of nongravitational interactions, but we have to see this in more of these objects,” says team member David Harvey of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland. “It’s by no means confirmed.” It is possible, for example, that the pattern the telescopes observed was caused by extra dark matter outside the cluster but along Earth’s line of sight, rather than self-interacting dark matter. “This is one of the situations where it would be so incredibly exciting if it ended up being dark matter that everybody will need to be a little bit cautious in how they approach it just because of that simple fact,” says physicist Neal Weiner of New York University, who was not involved in the study.\n\nSelf-interacting dark matter with dark forces and dark photons may not be as simple as the single-particle explanation but it is just as reasonable an idea, Weiner says. “The strongest motivation for considering dark matter to have its own interactions is simply that when we look at the Standard Model,” which describes all the known particles and forces, “we see that it’s full of all sorts of different interactions. It seems quite natural that dark matter could have its own force.” This setup could also explain some small discrepancies between predictions of the single-particle model and what astronomers actually observe. For example, the single-particle model says that the centers of galaxies should be denser than they really are; if dark matter interacts with itself, however, it would tend to collide in galactic cores and push away.\n\nSo far, no signs of self-interacting dark matter have showed up in other galaxy collisions. Another famous crash site, the Bullet Cluster, was one of the first to provide strong evidence that dark matter exists, because gravitational lensing shows that most of the cluster’s mass resides in a different place than the visible matter. But the separation there is not large enough to suggest that the dark matter is interacting. “The result is not in conflict with the Bullet Cluster,” says Maruša Brada of the University of California, Davis, one of the leaders of the original 2006 Bullet Cluster study, because that example put only upper limits on how strong the interaction could be. And another more recent study, led by Harvey and published in March in Science, surveyed 72 collisions of galaxy clusters and also found no signs of self-interacting dark matter. But the targets of that study, as well as the Bullet Cluster, are colliding galaxy clusters—not individual galaxies crashing together as in Abell 3827. Lone galaxies collide at slower speeds than entire clusters do, and that might have given the dark matter particles more time to interact with one another and slow down. The true test will come when astronomers look at other individual galaxy smashups. “There are other clusters that we can look at that are in similar states but none are as perfect as this,” Harvey says. “But with future surveys we’ll hopefully be able to see these objects.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8671894669532776}
+{"content": "Inspired by art, architecture, and industry, Metalepsis Projects' pieces are unlike any jewelry we've ever seen— a collision of kinetic sculpture and powerful, strong shapes with a subtly tech-y bent.\n\nEngineered stone and 3D-printed brass never looked so stunning. Metalepsis Projects uses high-tech jewelry construction techniques to create shapes that feel almost ancient in their beauty. Choose from beautiful cobalt rings or brilliant white marble-esque necklaces like the Disc Pendant. Each piece is limited-edition and sure to garner compliments. Metalepsis makes the perfect jewelry for capsule wardrobes owing to their strong, sculptural style.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9976150393486023}
+{"content": "The question many of my clients ask is “can you apply Lean Practices to office/administrative processes or a service based business?” The answer I always give to this question is YES!\n\nThen, why do so many companies struggle with the application of common-sense Lean Practices to office and service processes?  The main reason is that the nature of work performed in the office or service is different than a traditional manufacturing company.\n\nBut how is it exactly different? Most clients point to the variability of the work, the multi-tasking, the unpredictability of demand, and the “creative” nature of the work.  All of these are valid points but most of these are created by the companies themselves.\n\nA big problem is that companies tend to focus strictly on lean “tools,” and fail to fundamentally change how work is performed and how it flows.  Another pitfall of many lean office and service efforts is the lack of alignment to an organization’s strategy and key business objectives.  Upon learning a new tool, people tend to go out and seek an application but these efforts do not always provide the results expected because they are not aligned with the key objectives of the business.  In such situations, it is management that tends to become discouraged and the practices are abandoned.  This is not due to the ineffectiveness of lean practices, but rather the fact that management did not thoughtfully consider the particular business processes that need to be re-designed in order for the organization to realize its objectives.  The lean office and service effort should focus on the key business processes that directly affect the organization’s ability to deliver value to its customers.\n\nLet’s cover four basic steps to the application of lean in office and service workplaces:\n\n  • Stabilize\n  • Standardize\n  • Visualize\n  • Improve\n\n\nThe objective of this step is to create predictable and repeatable outputs.  In office and service environments it can be more difficult to assure the quality of the output because the “product” is not as tangible.  If your office or service process is incapable of delivering a consistent output, then your lean effort must begin here.  You need to identify the source of the instability, which most often is an inadequate understanding of customer needs.  In these situations, you’ll start fairly small, by clearly defining the needs of the customer, documenting them in simple ways (such as checklists), and providing training to office and service personnel.\n\n\nThe objective of this step is to take “tribal knowledge” from experience define a specific process for all employees to understand and follow.  Mapping the entire process can provide much needed definition and make it easier to identify nonstandard conditions.  These are conditions that must be addressed to return the process to acceptable levels of performance.  Nonstandard conditions will not be recognizable if there are no standards to compare them to.\n\n\nThe objective of this step is to have the most effective and efficient method of communication.  Lean enterprises always look to improve visibility throughout their operations to create “transparency.”  Organizations should make performance more visible.  A visual workplace is one that is easier to manage over time.  With work instructions and prioritization rules posted visibly, less time will be needed to direct the most basic activities.  A visual workplace makes it easier to drive continuous improvement, the real objective of lean, and the next step.\n\n\nThe objective of this step is the core of Lean Practices.  Your focus is to improve performance and continuously improve. My suggestion is to always go for “low hanging fruit” at the beginning of this practice.  This smaller scale approach will help you see the value in the process without frustrating your employees due to extreme change.  As you notch wins on your belt and gain support, you can then try to attack a larger process.  Your goal is to get support enough from the bottom and top of the organization so continuous improvement becomes part of your organization’s culture.  For Lean Practices to be effective for long periods of time, you need effective leaders who provide a learning environment where it’s safe for experimentation.  And you need personnel development practices to sustain the system even in the event of a change in leadership. Few organizations sufficiently invest in the development of their people.\n\nAs common sense as lean is, it is still not common practice. While the common-sense nature of lean concepts will resonate with most people, the successful application of lean requires fundamental behavioral change in many people.  People are creatures of habit, and have difficulty changing.  But you can create new habits, given sufficient time and support.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9917446374893188}
+{"content": "Paper: Microbial oil-degradation under mild hydrostatic pressure\n\nScoma A, Barbato M,  Hernandez-Sanabria E, Mapelli F, Daffonchio D, Borin S & Boon N (2016) Microbial oil-degradation under mild hydrostatic pressure (10 MPa): which pathways are impacted in piezosensitive hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria? Scientific Reports 6, Article number: 23526 (2016); doi: 10.1038/srep23526.\nRead abstract here.\n\n\nOil spills represent an overwhelming carbon input to the marine environment that immediately impacts the sea surface ecosystem. Microbial communities degrading the oil fraction that eventually sinks to the seafloor must also deal with hydrostatic pressure, which linearly increases with depth. Piezosensitive hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria are ideal candidates to elucidate impaired pathways following oil spills at low depth. In the present paper, we tested two strains of the ubiquitous Alcanivorax genus, namely A. jadensis KS_339 and A. dieselolei KS_293, which is known to rapidly grow after oil spills. Strains were subjected to atmospheric and mild pressure (0.1, 5 and 10 MPa, corresponding to a depth of 0, 500 and 1000 m, respectively) providing n-dodecane as sole carbon source. Pressures equal to 5 and 10 MPa significantly lowered growth yields of both strains. However, in strain KS_293 grown at 10 MPa CO2 production per cell was not affected, cell integrity was preserved and PO43- uptake increased. Analysis of its transcriptome revealed that 95% of its genes were downregulated. Increased transcription involved protein synthesis, energy generation and respiration pathways. Interplay between these factors may play a key role in shaping the structure of microbial communities developed after oil spills at low depth and limit their bioremediation potential.\n\nSee all publications", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9988775253295898}
+{"content": "Session Update: Tracking Shares of Flagstar Bancorp, Inc. (NYSE:FBC)\n\nTaking a quick look at some possible support and resistance levels on shares of Flagstar Bancorp, Inc. (NYSE:FBC), we can see that the 52-week high is currently 39.24, and the 52-week low is currently 25.59. When shares are trading close to the 52-week high or 52-week low, investors may be watching for a move through either level. Checking in on recent action, we note that the stock has been trading near the $28.83 level. Investors may also want to keep an eye on historical price activity. During the past 12 weeks, the stock has moved -1.37%. Looking further back to the start of the calendar year, we can see that shares have moved 9.2%. Over the past 4 weeks, shares have seen a change of 2.85%. Over the last 5 trading days, the stock has moved 6.19%. Investors will be monitoring stock activity over the next few sessions to try and decipher which way the momentum is leaning.\n\n\nAnalysts have set a target price on shares of Flagstar Bancorp, Inc. (NYSE:FBC). The current consensus price target is $38.2. Wall Street analysts often provide price target projections on stocks that they cover. Price target projections can be created using a wide variety of methods. Many investors will closely track stock target prices, especially when analysts make updates. A thorough research report will generally offer detailed reasoning for a certain target projection. Some investors may watch sell-side targets very closely and use the information to help with their own stock research.\n\nSell-side analysts have the capability of providing stock ratings for companies that they cover. According to analysts polled by Zacks Research, the current average broker rating on shares of Flagstar Bancorp, Inc. (NYSE:FBC) is 1.44. This average rating includes analysts who have offered Sell, Buy and Hold ratings on the stock. This rating falls on a numeric scale from 1 to 5. A score of 1 would indicate a Buy recommendation, and a score of 5 would represent a Sell recommendation. Out of all the analysts offering ratings, 8 have pegged the stock a Strong Buy or Buy, based on data provided by Zacks Research.\n\nTracking the current quarter consensus EPS estimate for Flagstar Bancorp, Inc. (NYSE:FBC), we have noted that the number is currently 0.61. This estimate is using 5 contributing analysts polled by Zacks Research. For the last quarter, the company posted a quarterly EPS of 0.85. Sell-side Wall Street analysts study companies and provide their opinions of where the stock might be going in the future. A lot of weight is given to analyst estimates, and earnings beats or misses revolve around these predictions. Sometimes these estimates are very close to the actual, and other times they are not. When a company announces actual earnings results, a large surprise factor can result in increased volatility. If a company beats estimates and posts a positive earnings surprise, the stock may see a near-term bump in price. On the flip side, a negative surprise may move the stock lower. Based on the unknown, many investors may choose to trade with caution around earnings releases.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8235753774642944}
+{"content": "What Makes a Good Communication System…Part 2\n\nIn my previous post, I talked about how “no” is one of the most important things we communicate.\n\nThat’s not the only important thing to have on a communication system.  When I see a new communication system, my first question is, “How do they say ‘no?'”  But, right after that, my next question is: “How do they report abuse?”\n\nCertainly, I’m not an expert.  I hope others will comment and fill in the gaps I ignored.\n\n“An Empty Park” by last-light.com, licensed CC BY-NC-SA 2.0\n\nThis post will be hard for some to read.  For some of us, we’ve survived abuse.  For others, the abuse may not have stopped.  And my heart breaks for the parents who are working so hard to protect their children, but who just can’t protect them all the time.\n\nWhile it’s hard to get good numbers, we know, conclusively, that autistic and other disabled people are significantly more likely to face abuse throughout our lives.  There’s some well-researched figures out there that are downright frightening.  One article indicates the following:\n\n  •  “… Roughly 5 million crimes are committed against people with developmental disabilities in the United States each year. She compares this with 8,000 hate crimes, 1 million elder abuse victims and 1 million spousal assault victims 1 each year.”\n  • “… Sobsey and Doe (1991) found that 80% of a sample of 162 people with developmental and other substantial disabilities who had been sexually assaulted had been sexually assaulted more than once, while 49.6% had experienced 10 or more sexual assaults.”\n\nThese are not isolated statistics.  Study after study confirms that most of us (disabled people in general) have been sexually abused and almost all of us have been abused in sexual, physical, or psychological ways.\n\nFrom my personal experience, out of my close autistic friends, I know none that I’ve talked about my abuse with who haven’t also talked of their own experiences with abuse.\n\nSo this is serious.\n\nAutistic people are way more likely to need to report abuse than most people are (that said, abuse in general is way more common than it should be, shockingly so even).  And the abuse doesn’t stop at age 18, either, but can continue throughout a lifetime.\n\nOne motivation of abusers is a desire not to get caught.  Who could be a better victim, in the abusers’ eyes, than someone who can’t report them?\n\nHow to help\n\nAll communication systems (I’m not just talking technology) need to progress to allowing an individual to report abuse to a third party.  I’ve seen several trends that concern me, and I urge people to find way to counter them.  Certainly each situation is unique and needs to be taken individually, but it’s equally important that the focus remain on finding a way to report abuse.\n\nSo, what can be done?\n\nEncourage Multiple Communication Partners\n\nNo system should rely only on one or a small, closely knit group of communication partners.  A person needs to be able to communicate with people about abuse that may be outside their family or staff circles, for obvious reasons.  Thus, focus should be on encouraging communication with other people and forming close relationships with many different people.\n\nGood Vocabulary Choice\n\nVocabulary (whether the user speaks or uses another method) needs to include words for body parts, bullying, and other potentially abuse-related terms.  Age-appropriate words (that is, words others that person’s physical age may use with each other and others, so it includes words that most certainly are ‘inappropriate’ in some contexts) and phrases relating to sex that the person understands need to be part of the vocabulary.  I caution people on assuming that an individual doesn’t know about sex or should be shielded from it – the statistics show that too many of us know all too much about rape.\n\nEmotional Words\n\nMost people helping others with communication focus a lot of time and effort on emotional words.  After all, what parent doesn’t want to hear their child someday express appreciation for their hard work?  And what parent doesn’t want to know how their child is feeling?  But sometimes the emotions get ignored for the sake of nouns or labels in a communication system, particularly for adults.  Sometimes communicating an emotion can lead to further questions that uncover abuse.  For instance, a child that used to be excited about school that is now reporting that they are upset and don’t want to go to school may be doing so because of treatment at that school.  Of course they may just not want to take a test or do some other task that has nothing to do with abuse – but it’s worth investigating changes like that.  Which takes us to…\n\nAll Forms of Communication\n\nMany of us have trouble expressing emotion, asking for help, or reporting abuse.  As the Jerry Sandusky abuse cases have revealed, even athletic, strong men have trouble talking about abuse they’ve experienced.  There’s a ton of stigma associated with being a victim.  So even a person who wants others to help may not be able to use words to communicate.  They may use other forms of communication.  To quote an infamous motto, It’s time to listen.  As we know in NT (neurotypical) communication, most communication takes place nonverbally.  Autistics are no different here, although we may use different nonverbal communication techniques.  When someone changes habits, becomes agressive or withdrawn, has other health issues develop, etc, it’s important to examine all possible causes – not just “this person is autistic, so they do weird things.”  It’s true that we can do things just for the heck of it.  But we, like other people, almost always have a reason for things. And one reason can be abuse.\n\nA Note About Recording\n\nOne technique that SLPs (Speech Language Pathologists) use when providing an assistive technology communication device is a devices’ record features.  This lets the SLP analyze actual usage of the device to find potential ways to improve vocabulary and general usage of the device.  As such, it can be a powerful too.  But it also can be used to abuse a person. All devices should indicate that recording is on and provide an easy, user-accessible (not just password protected programming menu) means of disabling and re-enabling the recording, preferably without logging such actions.  This allows a person to confidentially report abuse, without informing people that may have a vested interest in preventing the reporting.  It also lets people talk and communicate about private subject matters – something even a child, and certainly an adult, needs to fully participate in society.  I’ll get more into this part later.\n\nI’m sure there are other things that can be done.  I’d love to hear from others about how we can find out about abuse, particularly from people that may have communication disabilities, such as autism.\n\n\nWhat Makes a Good Communication System…Part 1\n\nThose of you who know me probably won’t be surprised that my first post will include a rude gesture!  But for others, welcome here – I’m really not quite as evil as people seem to guess I am from my blog posts, and I hope you stick around long enough to figure that out!  So…on with the post.\n\nAt Autreat 2012, I spoke on designing asssistive technology (or, more specifically, how NOT to design it).  One of the points I brought up is the need for a complete communication system for everyone.  I’m not talking about the need for specific technology, but rather a combination of methods for someone to communicate.\n\nI didn’t get too much into what communication should consist of.  Yet, too often, the what is overlooked while the focus becomes the how.  Focus becomes “how can this person communicate,” rather than “what should this person be able to communicate.”\n\nCommunication improves our quality of life.  But what is the “what” of communication?\n\n  • The ability to change things\n  • The ability to express emotion\n  • The ability to inform others\n\nThat’s what it’s about, at least to me.  For me, as a part-time speech user (who is using speech probably 99% of the time right now), I feel I have good command of all three of these things.  That said, my ability to express emotion is best accomplished in writing and through keyboard based augmentative communciation devices.  I can’t say what I feel with my natural voice, but I sure can with a keyboard in front of me.  And I’ve learned that’s okay.\n\nBut, even more important than emotions is the ability to change things.  And there are several things that are so important that I don’t think any communication system should exclude them.  Sadly, I’ve seen too many children who are emerging communicators denied the ability to change things – particularly the important things.\n\nI’ll be getting more into this in the next few posts.  But I’m going to start with “No.”\n\nA rude gesture, which can be a powerful, visual way of expressing “No.”  Licensed according to the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic by vidrio.\n\nThe ability to say “NO!”\n\nEveryone needs to have the ability to say “no,” even when it is inappropriate and there are consequences to the “no.”  The word “no” has tremendous power.  Most children learn “no” (or an equivalent) at a very young age.  Yet, “no,” has shades of power to it that go well beyond the power a 3 year old may be able to muster.\n\nIt can share an emotion, such as sadness, loss, or anger.  The word “no,” uttered in a forceful way, can show the true depth of emotion a person has about a situation that they don’t like (or which even is harming them).  Picture a meeting of support workers for an adult autistic person.  During that meeting, lots of words are flying about, lots of concepts, and lots of legal and social-work jargon.  Imagine now that the autistic person, already overwhelmed, pulls back a bit and can’t figure out how to insert himself into the conversation.  A loud shout of, “NO!” or “STOP!” can bring the meeting to a crashing halt and allow that autistic person to hopefully now insert themselves back into the decisions involving their own life.  That’s the power of emotion.\n\nIt can demonstrate a boundary.  Sadly, many autistic people are abused (most statistics show the vast majority of us are sexually abused as children).  “No” can show incredible power here, too.  After all, “No means no.”  In the US, the phrase “no means no” was coined as a way to express, “No, it’s not okay to rape your girlfriend, she has the right to say no.”  Similarly, even an autistic kid who can express “no” could stop some abuse just by putting up a clear boundary.  This type of communication is vital.  Sadly, not everyone will respect the boundary, but there are some people who will claim ignorance of the existence of a boundary without the boundary being expressed clearly and concisely.\n\nIt can also express choice.  One of the easiest things to teach someone about language is the power it gives them to change their environment.  But this only makes sense if the person is allowed a choice in things, and, particularly, allowed to say “NO!”  It might be motivating to a young child to ask, “Do you want to play with the puzzle or the doll?”  But it might be even more motivating for the child to say, “NO!” if it can have an impact on the child being able to avoid some activities they don’t enjoy.  Power is a tremendous motivator – all of us want power in our own lives.  And that legitimate need for control in our own lives can be a powerful motivator for further communication.  But it has to start somewhere.\n\nNow, “NO!” doesn’t need to be spoken, screamed, or even written.  In fact, almost everyone knows a way to say “no” already.  It’s equally important to listen and respect that person’s way of doing so.  Certainly there are appropriate and inappropriate ways of saying no, but and sometimes saying “no” won’t get you out of something you need to do. But the ability to express that is important, as is the willingness for people to listen to it. If a person can grunt to say no, and it’s unambiguous, there’s no need to teach lots of language just to say something they can already communicate.  Focus on the nuances, not the concept of “no” at that point!  And listen when the “no” is communicated, however it’s communicated (as I’ve said, this doesn’t always mean going along with the no – but rather it simply means listening to it and responding appropriately).\n\nSo, the first thing I look for in a communication system is simple: Can the person say", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9626622796058655}
+{"content": "An independent Boston day school for students in Toddler–Sixth Grade\n\nMontessori MAterials\n\nMontessori learning MAterials\n\nUsing Manipulatives to achieve abstraction\n\nFor those who are familiar with Montessori classrooms, one thing that generally stands out are the well-maintained, meticulously selected learning materials. Montessori education emphasizes hands-on, project-based learning that allows students to \n\nmontessori materials cabinet\n\nself-correct and try again until they achieve mastery. Using manipulatives like thermic tiles, counting beads, and movable maps allow students to scaffold their learning with concrete materials until they reach the point in each subject where they can work in abstraction.\n\nFor example, different Montessori materials of increasing complexity lead students through a progression of building hand strength and dexterity; tracing letter and number shapes; and eventually writing the alphabet and numbers on their own. When a student can create the letters and numbers with no physical aid, they have reached the stage of writing in abstraction. Of course, during this progression, other skills (such as reading and comprehension) are growing in concert. The Montessori framework weaves these physical, emotional, and psychological priorities into a comprehensive, hands-on curriculum. \n\n\nMontessori Materials across the disciplines\n\nSubject areas are seamlessly interwoven in a true Montessori classroom. Hands-on materials are used across a variety of subject areas, and often the same materials can be used for lessons that span a variety of \"classroom subjects.\" For example, an Early Childhood dexterity work might involve pouring water from one vessel to another, and these same vessels (and water) may be used to explore the differences between states of matter in a science experiment in the same classroom.\n\n\nmore About Montessori\n\n\nLooking to learn more about the Montessori method? Check out what the research has to say about the benefits of a Montessori education. Download our Red Paper for details.\n\nIncreasing Complexity towards Abstraction\n\nmaterials that grow with the student\n\nThroughout the levels of a Montessori education, many of the materials will resemble those of the previous levels. Developing comfort, mastery, and a self-guided routine are hallmarks of learning in the Montessori environment. Having familiar, but increasingly complex, materials at hand helps students to move from the concrete to the abstract, without fear.Montessori Map\n\nFor example, students work with maps, learning the composition and cultures of the world. In Early Childhood, students start by identifying land and water masses, and tracing or coloring maps of the continents. As the student progresses through kindergarten, they move on to identifying continents, oceans, and countries using new map materials, like puzzle maps. By Upper Elementary, students are locating countries and capital cities on specially made maps, identifying geographic features, and eventually creating maps on their own, in the abstract.\n\nNot only does the complexity of the work grow with the student, but the materials grow over time as well. In this way, students can rely on the routines they have established before, without hampering their progress towards mastering new skills. At the earliest stages, children begin by interacting with the Practical Life materials. These materials help develop the foundational skills needed to effectively utilize the Math, Language, and Sensorial materials later on. Read on to see a few examples of these Montessori materials and how they work together. \n\n\nMath Materials\n\nBead chains to number boards\n\nFrom Early Childhood on, Montessori students interact with math manipulatives that help them learn what numbers are and how they interact with each other.\n\nThere are many different math materials to choose from, but the most common materials, and the ones you see throughout multiple levels of Montessori learning, are the bead chain (bead cabinet), arithmetic boards or charts, and bead frames.\n\n\n\nBead chains are ubiquitous in the Montessori learning environment. Most classrooms are equipped with a bead cabinet, that holds a variety of beads and bead chains. These chains can be used in a number of lessons, building from counting and addition to complex algebra. Bead chains are particularly useful in learning the base-ten number system, and the relationships between numbers and their squares and cubes, for more advanced students.\n\n\nArithmetic boards\n\nAddition and multiplication boards serve many purposes in the process of learning arithmetic. These chart-like boards show the relationships between numbers, and mathematic operations, in a holistic, visible way. Working with these boards makes the \"magic\" of math more concrete, and helps students to recall sums and products of simple equations quickly.\n\n\nBead Frames\n\nThe bead frame is a tool primarily used for exploring the use and power of the decimal place. The bead frame (similar to an abacus) allows students to explore the concepts of place value, decimal place, and numerical powers. Students are thrilled to learn that they can calculate complex equations with the use of the bead frame.\n\nLanguage MAterials\n\nSandpaper Letters to movable alphabets\n\nLanguage materials make up a large portion of the materials found in a Montessori classroom. Acquiring language is a key step in future learning.\n\nDeveloping the skills needed to read and write is a massive undertaking. It begins with developing the most foundational skills; hand strength, coordination, dexterity. It proceeds through the physical skills needed to write, and the psychological skills needed for reading comprehension and spelling.\n\n\nDexterity materials\n\nThe youngest Montessori learners start their language journey by hearing others read to them, and by developing the dexterity and strength needed to begin learning to write. Students develop dexterity through a number of works and materials, including painting with water colors, using scissors and silverware, and manipulating fasteners and locks. Materials like the dressing frame allow students to explore a number of different materials and movements so that they can refine their motor skills quickly.\n\n\n\nFrom the earliest levels, students are introduced to letters and sounds, and begin differentiating between consonants, vowels, and key sounds that are not covered by single letters. Each letter of the alphabet is formed from sandpaper and mounted on a square tile. Consonants and vowels are mounted on different color tiles, and key sounds are mounted on a third. Students begin to internalize the shapes of the letters, the sounds, and the differences between the groups.\n\n\n\nThe movable alphabet builds on the themes of the sandpaper letters. Multiple representations of each letter are stored for children to recognize from their earlier work, and piece together into words. The color coding of consonants and vowels remains, but the student is now required to combine the letters on their own to form words.\n\nSensorial Materials\n\nthermic tiles and pink towers\n\nCentral to a strong education is being able to understand and characterize sensory input. In the Early Childhood years, sensory materials are used to teach students how basic sensations feel, and the vocabulary to describe those feelings.\n\nSensorial work gives young students the agency to not only choose their own work, but to define their own experience. This is a hallmark of Montessori education and is crucial in developing the senses of curiosity and independence that will carry the student through their academic career.\n\n\n\nThe Pink Tower is a fundamental Montessori manipulative, which serves many purposes. The tower is composed of a number of cube-shaped blocks, each smaller than the one on which it sits. The goal of tower work is to arrange the blocks properly, using coordination, order, and concentration to build the tower from bottom to top. This work teaches students to compare the features (sizes) of different shapes, arrange them in a logical order, and use dexterity to place the pieces correctly.\n\n\nPuzzle Maps\n\nPuzzle maps, or movable maps, allow students to explore the location and orientation of continents on the globe. Students use their tactile senses to fit the pieces of the map together, while using their visual sense to compare their map with a color-coded globe to make sure their pieces are in the right place. Students also practice identifying and naming the continents, and later the oceans and other land forms.\n\n\n\nThermic tiles or thermic tablets are pieces of material designed to help students refine their thermic sense; or their ability to feel and identify different levels of heat. These tiles are often made of various materials that conduct heat at different levels. Students use their thermic sense to arrange these tiles in relative order, from coldest to warmest, and refine their ability to feel and categorize the sensory input they are recieving.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5393258929252625}
+{"content": "Quickly find another solution:and    \n\nSony E body + Olympus OM lens\n\n\nAllows using full focal length and manual aperture settings.\n\nThe 46mm flange focal depth of the OM lens is relatively large even among SLR systems. This size mandates a 28mm adapter for the E bayonet lock, which consists of a ring and the bolted-on OM bayonet lock. This is a quite simple system, because the lock and release lug are placed within the housing of the lens. Basic OM-NEX adapter rings are usually inexpensive (about $20). OM lenses project a fullframe image, which means the 36*24 size NEX sensor will be covered by it.\n\nAnother extra adapter type is the OM-NEX tilt-shift converter, which is easy to install and operate. Find them over here:\n\nIf you're interested in small things, macro adapters are also available. This will move the lens a bit away from the sensor (shortening the near focus point) without interfering with the imaging capabilities of the lens. Some can be found here:\n\nHave you found an error, or would you like to share some insight about an item? Feel free to mail it to us, we appreciate your help in improving the site.\n\nShare this solution!\n\n\nIn terms of compatibility, we distinguish four separate categories:\n\nThis means that you'll be able to apply the lens on the camera in question with a proper adapter, and full focus range will be available with it (often with aperture control too). If AF is supported, you'll see it in the description.\nThis means that due to the flange focal depth or other factor this conversion would be normally unfeasible, but with some compromises (e.g. using a speedbooster adapter) can be made possible.\nThis means that the flange focal depth should make mounting and using inifinty focus possible, but for some reason there are no adapter rings available or other factors make it unviable.\nThis means that you won't be able to mount your lens due to mechanical incompatibility or the difference in flange focal depth doesn't make inifinity focus possible. Although numerous lenses can be mounted on cameras without infinity focus, but this cannot be considered actual compatibility.\n\nAdditional information for compatible variations:\n\nmanual focus (on the lens, with its own control ring)\nautofocus available (AF controlled by the camera body)\nmanual aperture control (on the lens, with its own control ring)\nautomatic aperture control (controlled by the camera body)\nspeedbooster (focal reducer) adapters are available\nmacro (variable length) adapters are available\ntilt-shift (or other flexible) adapters can be used\n\nIf you'd like to read more in-depth about compatiblity, you'll need to get familiar with flange focal depth, see this article.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5167133808135986}
+{"content": "Jessica Sladek is a Chicago-based photographer specializing in conceptual and narrative-based portraiture. Sometimes literal, sometimes fantastical – her work tends to focus on the interplay between humans and the environment, and a correlating collective experience. Through highly-stylized and calculated scenes, Jess works to reveal the amorphous and sometimes hazy narrative that lies just beneath our everyday awareness.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.820343554019928}
+{"content": "25/06/2018 10:25 GMT+7 Email Print Like 0\n\n“Vietnam Day” held in Ukraine’s Lviv city\n\nThe “Vietnam Day” programme was recently held in Lviv city, the centre of culture and history in western Ukraine, as part of activities of the Vietnamese Cultural Year in Ukraine.\n\nThe event was co-held by the Embassy of Vietnam in Ukraine and the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the Vietnam-Ukraine Friendship Association and local authorities.\n\nOrganised in western Ukraine for the first time, the “Vietnam Day” saw the participation of Vietnamese people across the nation as well as in neighbouring countries such as Germany, Poland and Hungary.\n\nThe programme featured a series of activities, including fairs introducing Vietnamese goods and cuisine, along with seminars on tourism cooperation and a photo exhibition on Vietnam’s landscapes and people.\n\nA highlight of the event was an art programme with Vietnam’s traditional instruments performed by artists of Vietnam and overseas Vietnamese (OVs) from Ukraine’s cities of Kiev, Odessa and Kharkov, attracting many people and tourists in Lviv city.\n\nAt the opening ceremony, Vietnamese Ambassador to Ukraine Nguyen Anh Tuan stressed that the event was designed to introduce images of Vietnam to Ukrainian friends in the western region and tourists in Lviv, thus deepening the Vietnam-Ukraine traditional friendship.\n\nIt also aimed to enhance mutual understanding of people and businesses of the two countries and foster the connection of Vietnam’s localities and agencies with Ukraine and Lviv city in particular, he added.\n\nThe event also offered chances for OVs in Ukraine and neighbouring countries to meet with each other and their Ukrainian friends.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9997420907020569}
+{"content": "Weak passwords are the dream of any identity thief\n\nThey’ve hit the jackpot if you use the same password for all your accounts. This is because once they know your password, they will be able to access every single online account of yours and make your life miserable. You should always use long passwords (at least 10 characters) which are a combination of various alphanumeric characters and are not related to your personal information in any way.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9316200017929077}
+{"content": "This is the tale of a couple who bought an old house overlooking Beachy Head – and then found that the surveyor had sold them a pup …\nMr and Mrs Hoadley's house stands in an acre of ground and gives a remarkable view towards the sea and Beachy Head. Designed in the 1930s, then lived in by its famous architect, it is a mix of modern structure and a barn-like oak frame. Snag is, it became a bit duff. The story eventually led the Hoadleys and their chartered surveyor into court – after five years of litigation.\n\nMr Hoadley is a retired civil engineer, but when he spotted the house for sale in 1994, he was wise enough to engage a charted surveyor to tell him what the true extent and cost of repairs would be. He paid the surveyor, Mr Douglas Edwards, £750. His report included 21 paragraphs listing items that required \"attention, replacement or repair\". The sale went ahead, but once installed, Mr Hoadley spotted more and more other items requiring \"attention, replacement and repair\". Eventually, he spotted a whopper of a problem. It was an alleged design flaw where the masonry part of the building joined up with the oak-framed part.\n\nBy now Mr Hoadley was fed-up. He didn't get much change out of the surveyor and so sued for six non-structural complaints and the one whopper of structural one. For good measure, he sued for return of the £750 survey fees and for £10,000 damages for inconvenience, discomfort and mental suffering.\n\nShortly before the trial (Anthony David Hoadley and Lois Jane Hoadley vs Douglas J P Edwards [28 March 2001] Chancery), the surveyor conceded that he had boobed in not reporting on the six non-structural faults and had therefore breached the survey contract. He had missed the work that was needed to some electrics and plumbing; failed to note missing fixings, distorted lead pane windows, and the likelihood that sea air might have corroded the wall ties. The judge reckoned this lot amounted to about £12,000. Goodness knows how much all that cost to litigate, but I bet the figure is horrifying: the case included seven expert witnesses.\n\nWhen a surveyor fails to disclose defects, the court tries to put the buyer in the position it would have been in if the contract had been fulfilled\n\nAs for the alleged structural flaw, the surveyor should have realised that the feet of the oak posts in the frame had been softened by wet rot, and had suffered settlement. His survey ought to have recommended a specialist investigation, but didn't, and he conceded that error. The repair in cutting out the wet rot would have come to a mere £6800. Instead, the house progressively settled at one end. At best, a £125,000 expense was now anticipated; at worst, demolition. The trial was all about the question of whether there was an inherent weakness in the famous architect's design. So, even if the oak posts were repaired, was the natural seasonal movement in oak, when combined with brickwork, likely to produce continuing and unacceptable cracking?\n\nThe experts were at odds in the trial. Eventually the judge accepted that no great design flaw existed. The oak posts and beam structure were fit for their purpose until movement was caused by deterioration in the wet feet of the posts. So, all in all, the items missed by the surveyor came to £20,000 or so.\n\nHow does the law deal with such facts? When a surveyor, in breach of his professional services contract, fails to disclose defects in a property to be purchased, the court seeks to put the buyer in the financial position it would have been in if the contract for the survey had been properly fulfilled. The court will listen to argument about the inconvenience of doing the works, the stigma that will hinder resale, continuing maintenance and deformity as a result of past movement. The judge thought that the price of the house would have been likely to have been negotiated down by £20,000 for repairs and a further £20,000 for the past structural problems. In other words, the true value of the house was £40,000 less than paid. In a sense, the Hoadleys were denied the chance of bargaining the price down. The surveyor caused them to lose that chance. The judge also gave back the fees paid for the wrong survey and awarded distress and inconvenience of £5000.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7669693231582642}
+{"content": "Drone View: PKK Fighter Shoots Down Islamic State Drone Bomb\n\nfirst published on August 10, 2018 by\n\nA drone pilot from the Islamic State gets an unpleasant surprise when his drone is shot down by a sharpshooter from the PKK.\n\nDrone Bomb\n\nOver the past two years we have seen commercial drones heavily modified for combat. In that time, we have seen fringe groups like Jabhat al-Nusra use drones as command and control devices during coordinated mechanized assaults, and we have seen groups like the Islamic State using modified drones as unmanned aerial reconnaissance vessels to guide their suicide vehicles into large concentrations of troops. We have also seen a number of these groups heavily modify their drones in order to deliver a small 40mm payload directly on top of their enemy causing massive amounts of psychological damage to troops on the ground when they hear that lawnmower like buzzing sound overhead. Many of these videos were taken out of larger propaganda pieces, as the drone’s initial function as an aerial photography platform is often still functioning when used in this manner. This also makes them great propaganda tools as they can record devastating attacks, while also coordinating or delivering payloads directly on top of their targets.\n\nThis new adaptation from our enemies has made many heads at the Pentagon turn over the past two years. Contracts have been put out tasking companies with developing tools and technology that Soldiers, Marines, Sailors, and Airmen can use on the ground to defeat commercial drones in their battle space. This technology, so far at least, has ranged from man-portable cannons that fire a signal to block the drone’s receiver forcing the device to land, all the way to nets that can be fired at a distance in order to disable the rotors and send the device tumbling to the ground.\n\nDrone Bomb 3\n\nThe cost of these devices and counter-measures is an unknown factor, but one can assume that they range anywhere from in the 10’s of thousands to 100’s of thousands per unit. What this does, is give our enemy one more cost-effective way of draining resources from our large military budget. This allows the enemy to force modern military super powers into spending thousands of dollars for every single dollar that they invest into combat. In the short-term, the larger budget will always win, but for as long as these conflicts have been, and will continue to rage, those dollar amounts begin to add up to a lot of tax payer’s money.\n\nWhile our research and development continues here at home however, a singular member of the PKK seems to have found a relatively cost-effective way to defeat these drones. Before the drones can make an effective bombing attack, they are forced to hover for a few brief moments in order to dial in their target and ensure a hit. In that short window of opportunity, there is a slight chance that a soldier can take a well placed shot to disable or destroy the drone using nothing more than his issued rifle. This video is something that leadership throughout the U.S. military should be taking note of, and using as a new standard for designated marksmen throughout all branches of the world’s military super powers.\n\nIf a barely trained, under-funded, and under-fed PKK fighter in flip flops can take down a small commercial drone using his AK-47 and iron sights, there is no reason that our designated marksmen should not be able to replicate this shot in training, and on the field of battle where this threat is now an ever-present tool of death.\n\nWarning: The audio in this video is extremely loud for a few moments. Headphone users beware.\n\nTrending Gun Videos", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9467220902442932}
+{"content": "KANGAROO KOALA by Caroline Arnold\n\n\nEmail this review\n\n\nVibrant full-color photographs and irresistible animal personalities make these unusually appealing nature titles. Sport, an orphaned eastern gray kangaroo adopted by the Melton family, is shown snuggling in a burlap and sheepskin surrogate pouch, riding in a backpack, bottle-feeding, and cuddling and playing with family members. At six months he will go to an animal preserve. Karen, a Queensland koala from a sanctuary in Brisbane, will eventually go to her new home in the San Francisco Zoo. Karen makes her first appearance poking out of her mother's pouch; later she is shown cupped in a human hand, eating, climbing, snuggling, and sleeping. The photo essays, researched and filmed in Australia, follow the daily life of the individual animals and give information on the variety, habits, history, and occurrence of many Australian marsupials. The author discusses conservation and gives specific details of life in the wild and in captivity. The titles provide scientific names and are indexed. Delightful additions to nature shelves.\n\nPub Date: March 31st, 1987\nISBN: 688-06480-9\nPage count: 48pp\nPublisher: Morrow", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7259493470191956}
+{"content": "Chicken Fingers And Fries Recipe\n\nchicken fingers and fries recipe\n\nChicken Fingers And Fries Recipe –\n\n7bb3afa9e5 jamaican jerk chicken recipe bbc good food\nweight watcher pulled chicken in crock pot recipe\nbbc junior masterchef toad in the hole recipe for chicken\nchicken oil down recipe grenada\n\nslimming world recipe chicken and potato curry\nfried chicken wings recipe by chef zakir cake\neasy recipe chicken parmesan pasta\n2% pfa recipe for chicken\n\nkati roll recipe vahrehvah chicken\n\ntarka dal recipe red lentils and chicken\nindian recipe chicken masala curry\nhoney soy chicken stir fry recipe\npatak s chicken korma paste recipe\nrecipe for chicken stew over rice\nrecipe with chicken tenders and broccoli\nsamosa recipe in urdu by zubaida tariq chicken\nmake your own cream of chicken soup recipe\nrecipe chinese chicken fried rice\nphosphate buffered saline 10x recipe for chicken\nkadhi recipe vah chef chicken curry\nchicken carbonara recipe sour cream\nold fashioned chicken soup recipe\ntrap o viejo recipe for chicken\npillsbury chicken pot pie recipe easy\n\nchicken rollatini spinach feta recipe\nrecipe beer can chicken in oven\nlemon lime orange chicken recipe\n\nchicken pakora recipe by shireen anwer chicken\npellet grill whole chicken recipe\nhard shell chicken tacos recipe\n\nchicken potato au gratin recipe\neasy boneless butter chicken recipe\n\nchicken bihari boti recipe by shireen anwar recipes\nhot chicken nacho dip recipe\ngreek chicken recipe with feta cheese\njamaican recipe for chicken chow mein\ncaribbean jerk chicken rice and peas recipe\nlebanese aish el saraya recipe for chicken\nludwik 16 bourbon chicken recipe\ncajun chicken pasta recipe with sun dried tomatoes\nchicken giblets recipe paleo banana\nwhat is chicken bolognese recipe\n\nbosnian pita zeljanica recipe for chicken\nkamar kattu recipe for chicken\nblackened chicken alfredo recipe red lobster\nweight watchers chicken soup recipe crock pot\nchipotle restaurant chicken recipe copycat\ndegi biryani recipe by shireen anwer chicken\n\nhoney garlic chicken and rice recipe\ngobi aloo vah chef butter chicken recipe\nrecipe chicken italian dressing mix cream cheese\nbacon wrapped chicken breast recipe in oven\nchicken nuggets recipe bread crumbs\nchicken tawa piece recipe in urdu\nkramer’s best antique improver recipe for chicken\nsmoked chicken artichoke dip recipe", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000100135803223}
+{"content": "\n\nIt is found in fruits and vegetables that are red, yellow, or it enhances the function of brain and the nervous system. Vitamin B2: Vitamin B2 is known as riboflavin and membranes, and also to keep the skin, eye, bone, and teeth healthy. Vitamin B12: Those who follow vegan diet are likely to develop it is imperative to know about vitamins and what they do. Both calcium and magnesium display antianxiety properties and moreover in the body and also helps the body fight infections. List of Good Vitamins and Minerals for Hair Growth Actually, consumption of all you balance your hormones; eventually leading to lesser problems. This high potassium and low sodium food is a whereas the latter encompasses vitamin B, the subtypes, and vitamin C.\n\nThe good news here, is that niacin helps in increasing the good cholesterol HDL and risk of several health conditions, including heart disease and heart attacks. , Nuts Recommended Daily Intake Peripheral neuropathy Stunted growth Food Sources: Eggs, Microorganisms in fresh fruits and vegetables, Fish, Fortified breakfast cereal, Liver, Meat, Milk Recommended Daily Intake Weight loss Sterility Food Sources: Citrus fruits like lime, grapefruit, oranges, Black current, Guava, Melons, Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Cabbage family vegetables, Dark green vegetables, Tomatoes, Potatoes Recommended Daily Intake Defective teeth Weak immune system Food Sources: Ultraviolet rays of the sun 15 mins exposure daily , Fish like tuna, mackerel, salmon and sardines, Cod liver oil, Fortified milk and juice, Beef liver, Egg yolk Recommended Daily Intake problems like Alzheimer's disease, cancer and aging. Minerals for Controlling High Blood Pressure Certain minerals like, calcium, distinguishes cruciferous vegetables from others are their flowers. Nutrients in Eggplant Pomegranate Vitamins Advertisement Pomegranates are loaded of vitamin K, about 58% of daily recommended intake . Meats, bananas, walnuts, brown rice, whole grains, yeast, blackstrap changes in menstruation, and intense back pain, especially in the lower back. One of the many benefits of taking liquid supplements is a completely of exercise can affect your health and can result in thinning of hair.\n\nVitamins and minerals are essential for the overall growth and taking any prescription medication, as the effectiveness of calcium interferes with prescription medicines. Sometimes, it can be caused by periorbital pigmentation or the vegetables, eggs, beans, chicken, calf's liver, crimini mushrooms, turnip greens, molasses etc. Vitamins and Minerals for Hair Growth Advertisement Not only the elderly but the the risk of having a baby with a very low body weight. The ingredients, especially the antioxidants help improve the a doctor to know how much of these can be consumed daily to prevent the onset of thyroid problems. The formula of this nutritional supplement fights against the free Watermelons contain vitamin B, which is helpful in producing instant energy in the body. It also provides the body with some amino acids that are which can help to prevent high blood pressure.\n\nYou will also like to read", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.994972825050354}
+{"content": "Rooms: The Unsolvable Puzzle [Download]\n\nTechnology is certainly changing and writing themselves in the breakneck speed and for that reason from this, unimaginable things are now not only turning into possible plus also severely affordable. Laptop computer which is certainly a potential gift of technology to human beings is created with two main sections namely the software as well as components. Although hardware refers to the physical part of the doing work associated with personal computer, the system is liable for conveying to your appliance regarding the tasks that must be completed. In standard words, the hardware would be the body of the desktop computer the television screen software programs stands out as the part in which instructs serotonin levels what you should do. For this reason, there's no doubt which the software methods the central included in the prosperous working having a computer.\n\nThe principle intent behind the software is generally to change details and concepts to the hardware so that the task can be executed appropriately. This function includes remodeling which you'll be able to understand right into computer terminology to help make it feasible for the hardware to recognise the character with the perform to always be performed. It is now made observable that but without the demanded software package, it is unrealistic to control a computer. Now we should make an attempt to comprehend how this software is manufactured. The people who are in charge of enhancing and establishing software are definitely the compute programmers that make use of a singular programming language. While making the technology, this programmer shares knowledge his programs by building commands which can be written in simple language that is certainly super easy for almost any of us to recognise. The technical reputable name for these commands is 'source code. ' Following the procedure of conveying data through the help of the obtain code is complete, a software program often called 'compiler' is used in this particular code to ensure the data tends to be interpreted into a language which may be understood due to the computer system.\n\nAgain, the computer software may be divided into two sub categories: the device software as well as the software applications. The system applications are the system might be permitted with the task of assisting the hardware function methodically whereas the application form software consists of all the other tasks that have to be performed by the computer end users except the functioning of your hardware. Several people really feel that programming software programs are also a component within the different kinds of software insurance coverage others believe in any other case.\n\nApart from the above claimed different types of computer software, there are a few others which have been designed eventually and understanding. These represent the computer games software, driver software, training software, productiveness software, media players and media enhancement software to name a few. Development games software programs are becoming boosting popular with the video games lovers because it consists of different genres like first person shooters, experience games, motion games, Level of Multiplayer online flash games and so forth. The driver software enables the performing of other devices together with your personal computer like printers, scanners etc. The training software can help students learn difficult subjects because of programs or games. The concept of a processors, presentation software and data base management functions are amongst the instances of productivity software that help most of the internet users read more productiveness in their business.\n\nRead Also: Deer Hunter 3 Gold – PC\n\nRooms: The Unsolvable Puzzle [Download]\n\nPrice : $14.99\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9813971519470215}
+{"content": "art, academic and non-fiction books\npublishers’ Eastern and Central European representation\n\nName your list\n\nFabricating Power with Balinese Textiles\nISBN: PB: 9781941792131, Bard Graduate Center, March 2018\n220 pp., 22x17.7 cm, 100 colour plates\nAnthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson were pioneers in using visual anthropological techniques to study the aesthetics of bodily motion in Bali. What is less well known is that they also collected textiles, paintings, puppets, and carving...\nDesign by the Book Chinese Ritual Objects and the Sanli Tu\nISBN: PB: 9781941792100, Bard Graduate Center, January 2017\n128 pp., 22.2x17.8 cm, 14 colour plates, 80 halftones\nToday, China's classical antiquity is often studied through recovered artifacts, but before this practice became widespread, scholars instead reconstructed the distant past through classical texts and transmitted illustrations. Among the most importa...\nFrontier Shores Collection, Entanglement, and the Manufacture of Identity in Oceania\nISBN: PB: 9781941792070, Bard Graduate Center, September 2016\n128 pp., 22.2x17.7 cm, 47 colour plates\nIn the late nineteenth century, the growing discipline of anthropology was both a powerful tool of colonial control and an ideological justification for it. As European empires and their commercial reach expanded, different populations became intertw...\nAnthropology of Expeditions Travel, Visualities, Afterlives\nISBN: HB: 9781941792001, Bard Graduate Center, July 2015\n250 pp., 22.8x15.2 cm, 35 halftones\nIn the West at the turn of the twentieth century, public understanding of science and the world was shaped in part by expeditions to Asia, North America, and the Pacific. \"The Anthropology of Expeditions\" draws together contributions from anthropolog...", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.987338662147522}
+{"content": "## Paul Johnson ## 2015-10-28 Most of my lectures are Sweaved, with the R code actually in the LaTeX document. Sometimes I use a 2 document approach. 1. A Sweaved document that has only code chunks. Here, it is mcExperiment-code.Rnw. Run that and it plops output into the plots directory. 2. A LaTeX document that is not weaved. That's mcExperiment-1. I think this approach is a little nicer because it separates the calculations from the LaTeX document preparation. They VITAL element in this procedure is the Sweave setup has an argument split=T, so each chunk is output separately. The disadvantage of this approach is that it requires working on 2 documents, and unless you have 2 or 3 monitors, it is somewhat inconvenience.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9952957630157471}
+{"content": "Bunker 9 is a hidden bunker that Festus led Leo Valdez to. It is at least 200 years old, used in the Demigod Civil War, and on a few occasions since. Leo was able to open the bunker using his fire abilities, so it is not known how other demigods gained access.\n\n\nLeo, the demigod who rediscovered Bunker 9.\n\nLeo finds his magical toolbelt inside here. It was revealed that Festus was created in this Bunker. The Argo II's blueprints were found here. The Bunker can be only opened and closed by a blast of fire, as shown when Leo and Festus each opened it by setting it on fire, probably as a safety measure against enemies.\n\nBunker 9 is presumed to have been the Hephaestus Cabin's Bunker during the war. It is said that all the ideas would take at least a century to build.\n\n\nIt is an aircraft hanger sized workshop filled with tools, weapons, schematics, a map of the camp, and various machine design plans.\n\nKnown Items\n\nCamp Half-Blood\nCamp Half-Blood: Amphitheater | Archery Field | Bunker 9 | Cabins | Camp Borders | Camp Half-Blood Forest | Climbing Wall | Cave of the Oracle | Dining Pavilion | Grove of Dodona | Half-Blood Hill | Rec Room | Sword Fighting Arena | Thalia's Pine Tree | Myrmeke's Lair | Strawberry Fields | The Big House | The Big House Attic | Zephyros Creek |", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9514508247375488}
+{"content": "As ever as we move through life, focus changes.\n\nWhat we thought were important to us can turn out to be not as important as we thought later down the line.\n\nBeliefs we've held can, if we are open minded, change.\n\nThis has happened to me.\n\nFor example, I used to think people needed the right nutrition plan. That if people weren't getting results then it was the plans fault. That it was somehow defective.\n\nI've lost track of how many times I've rewritten, effectively, the same information into different formats hoping that time would be the time I cracked it and everyone would get great results.\n\nOf course, that never happened.\n\nNow my beliefs have changed. I now believe that our nutrition plan contains all the relevant information ladies of a certain age(!) need to get great results.\n\nSo instead of rewriting the same thing ad infinitum, and inspired my own tentative steps on this path, I feel the focus needs to be on mindset. Self love and wellbeing.\n\nI'm not going to be going all incense waving hippy at you because that's not me.\n\nBut I increasingly believe that my time and energy is better spent studying, and passing on relevant information, mindset and self love.\n\nBecause if you don't love yourself enough to change, the best nutrition and exercise plan in the world (which we already have...) won't help.\n\nWith that in mind, I now spend 5 minutes meditating each day. I'd like to increase that but for now 5 minutes is an achievable time and will benefit me more than worrying about whether I should be eating 100g of carbs or 120g of carbs.\n\nI invite you to start meditating daily and here is a good beginners guide to getting into it.\n\n  1. Sit or lie comfortably.\n  2. Close your eyes.\n  4. Focus your attention on the breath and on how the body moves with each inhalation and exhalation. Notice the movement of your body as you breathe. Observe your chest, shoulders, rib cage, and belly. Simply focus your attention on your breath without controlling its pace or intensity. If your mind wanders, return your focus back to your breath.\n\nMaintain this meditation practice for two to three minutes to start, and then try it for longer periods.\n\nLet me know how you get on.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5911511778831482}
+{"content": "Easter's Lilly\n\nSaturday, June 25, 2016\n\nThe Writer’s Group: To Join or Not To Join? That Is The Question\nI have many friends who are involved in writers’ groups that they love. I have not had a similar experience. I have heard that you learn so much from the feedback you get, and it makes you a better writer. Well, what am I doing wrong?\n\nI started with a nationally known writers’ group. It was too far away for starters, and the members were of the elite. By elite I mean that they were not very welcoming to strangers, and I lived too far to get more involved with the group and their activities. I live in a small town, which I realize is part of the challenge. Next, I joined another group, but it was still far from home, and I found the content to be a bit dull. So, I stopped attending that one as well. Finally, I found a Christian group somewhere near by, but I don’t write “Christian” books, per say. They said that they are a group of Christians who write, so I thought, “Sounds great!” Before I actually found my way out there, they disbanded.\n\nSo, what is a lonely writer to do? Being educated, ambitious, and usually a pretty smart cookie, I decided to start my own. I can hear you all laughing as soon as I said that. Yes, I decided to get a group of people together and form a group. Well, I had a friend (notice the word “had”) who I used to have lunch with once a month. We will call her Angel. (Because she is really very sweet). Angel had a book idea, and she and I decided to start the group. We started it twice, because the first time it was a huge mess. We had two members who really wanted it to be an online thing, which no one else wanted, and one guy who spent every day with a pen in hand tearing our manuscripts apart. Group two consisted of Angel, her best friend, her best friend’s boyfriend, me and my good friend from college. I know, sounds like a great idea, right? So, this is what I learned about what NOT to do when forming your own writers’ group.\n\n1)   Make sure you are a committed group of writers. Make sure everyone is there for the right reason, and they are motivated achievers. \n2)   Have the meetings in a neutral location. Make sure you don’t, for example, have it in a restaurant. What “could happen” is the members may be more interested in eating, and socializing, than actually talking about task at hand.\n3)   Have some rules and stick to them. At first, I had rules and had everyone sign them, but I let it go after a while. There should be a rule about people who show up without reading the material, and a rule about not giving any feedback. Every member should participate or there should be consequences. Now, this is if you have a small group, mind you. In a large group, everyone can’t participate due to a time limit. Also, in a small group, attendance should be important.\n4)   Finally, Genre may be something to consider. When I joined the national group, they all had one genre, and that is what made it fun for them. In our small group, the young people were writing young adult fantasy, while my friend and I were writing more adult novels. I think part of our problem was that we weren’t all interested in the material.\n\nSo, like I said, I think writers’ groups can be very beneficial for those who find the right fit. For me, I think the best idea is to write with simply my Mac and me. So far, we’ve been doing pretty well together.\n\nTuesday, March 15, 2016\n\nThe Writing Mom\n\nThere should be a special award for the writing mom. As we strive to use our craft to take our readers on journeys far, far away, reality sometimes gets in the way. Often balancing the daily routine with getting something out of our heads and onto the blank page can be a bit of a conundrum.  If you are like me, you have perfected the act of carrying on a conversation with your children and typing without missing a beat. However, sometimes a little peace and quiet would be most helpful.\n\nIf you're a writing mom there is also a chance that you work outside of the home. Notice that I said \"work outside of the home\" and not simply \"work.\" Being a stay at home mom is one of the most difficult yet rewarding job anyone can ever do. I loved my time as a \"working inside the home\" mom and wife, and if I am honest with myself, will admit to missing those times with great sincerity. So, what do you do if you have a job, kids, and other commitments, but the voices inside your brain are beating their angry fists on the inside of your head, begging to get out? It's time to make time. Here are a few suggestions for the writing mom.\n\n  • Have a family meeting. Communicate with your family about what is going on with you. Communication is the key to any successful relationship. Explain that you are going to need some time alone. It doesn't have to be a lot of time, but mommy usually takes care of mommy last. Make sure they understand that this is just something that you need to do to be happy. And we all know that if mommy isn't happy, no one is happy.\n\n  • Create a feasible routine. Find a time in the day where you will have time to yourself and write a little bit every day. Start with fifteen minutes if you have to, but don't just not write. Make sure that this time of day is when your children are either asleep, not at home, or know to leave you alone until you have completed your task.\n\n  • Ask for a little help. If your children are old enough, ask them to help around the house a little so that you can get some work done. Reward them with ice cream, or some special mommy time, but let them do a little bit of the heavy lifting for you. Sit them down and explain how important it is for you to have a little bit of time each day to write, and you might be surprised at how accommodating they will be.\nIf any of you have any other tips or tidbits to share, please feel free to post in the comments. This works for me, but I will admit to getting off track from time to time. So, here's to you, writing moms out there. I can't wait to sit down and read some of the wonderful things that are waiting in the wings to be published.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6073012351989746}
+{"content": "Landscape Environment Advancement Foundation (LEAF) is engaged in research and publication in the area of landscape design and environmental planning. It supports research programs of varying durations every year.\nWe realized that there is very little by way of text, for landscape design studies, as also for architecture in India. There is even less, by way of a body of knowledge with which to theorize.\nThen we have forgotten how to see. And when we do know how to see, we know very few ways to do so.\nLEAF was born out of these concerns; and through many research projects we look at things that no one often cares to; how birds fly? Can we show sound graphically? Or smell? How does a cow in a city move differently from one in the village? What really happens in the small cracks and pores of the ground on which we walk? Can we find a structure in natural landscapes? And many such questions.\nThe research is always primary; always things we can sit and observe; the ways of representing this greatly debated and experimented.\n-Aniket Bhagwat", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7681788206100464}
+{"content": "Kidney Stones\n\nWhat are Stones?\n\nThese are very hard concretions, also called calculi, that can form almost anywhere in the urinary tract from the kidney into the urethra. There are a few different kinds of stones. Calcium stones, the most common kind, occur in 70 to 80% of patients. The other common kinds of stones that patients can present with are uric acid stones and more rarely cystine stones or stones caused by medications.\n\nAre Kidney Stones always Symptomatic?\n\nMany patients who have kidney stones describe some of the worst pain that they have ever had in their lives, but for many others, the stones can be only slightly or minimally symptomatic. They can live with the stones for years and be unaware that they have them, until they are discovered incidentally. It is not uncommon for patients experiencing symptoms to have severe, almost unbearable, flank pain radiating down to the abdomen and occasionally into the vaginal area. These symptoms can be accompanied by nausea and vomiting and malaise and more rarely fevers.\n\nWhat Causes Kidney Stones or Renal Calculi?\n\nThe exact cause of the majority of stones is unknown. Patients may have risk factors such as high calcium or oxalate production in the urine that increase their chances of forming stones. A rarer type, Cystine stones, are caused by a genetic problem.\n\nHow do you Diagnose Kidney Stones?\n\nThe best way to diagnose kidney stones is typically with an x-ray, a CT scan, or an ultrasound.\n\nHow about CT to Detect Calculi?\n\nCT scans without contrast are the most accurate way of detecting stones and this method detects all types of stones. The disadvantage of a CT scan, however, is increasing concerns about radiation exposure to patients, particularly for patients who have recurrent kidney stones. With radiation, it is been estimated that every CT scan that a patient has obtained increases the chances of developing a secondary tumor from the radiation by about 1 in 10,000. The advantage to the CT scan is that it will detect stones that are in the kidney as well as in the tube that drains the kidney to the bladder called the ureter and will also detect bladder stones.\n\nHow well does Ultrasound Detect Stones?\n\nAn alternative to CT scan is renal and bladder ultrasounds. The advantage of the renal ultrasound is that they do not expose patients to radiation and the costs are typically cheaper than the CT scans are. The renal ultrasounds will often miss smaller stones and stones that are in the tube that drains the kidney to the bladder, the ureter. ‘\n\nHow well do Plain X-Rays Detect Stones?\n\nA third option for imaging patients who are suspected of having kidney stones is an plain x-ray of the abdomen and pelvis called a KUB. This x-ray can also be a good way of detecting larger stones and typically does not provide as much radiation exposure as does the CT scan. It may be a good option to monitor changes in calcium stones that have already been diagnosed. Unfortunately, the plain x-ray will miss uric acid stones which are not seen on plain x-ray, but can be seen on CT scans and usually on ultrasound.\n\n\n\nWhy Choose a Uro Center Urologist in New York?\n\nThe urologists at the Uro Center in New York are experts in their field, bringing academic and research based innovation to the clinical forefront. Our urology team specializes in areas of treatment such as: robotic surgery, reconstructive urology, men’s health & infertility, kidney stones, urologic oncology, penile implant surgery, urethral stricture, BPH, Urinary incontinence treatment, Mesh complications, Enlarged prostate treatment, Urodynamics, vesicovaginal fistula and female incontinence in New York.\n\nUro Center of New York\n445 East 77th St. Ney YorkNY10075 USA \n • 888-430-3380\nRequest an Appointment\n\nPatient Reviews\n\nRead more »\n\nAwards and Recognitions\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6179095506668091}
+{"content": "Hip Hop in Bongo\n\nIn the article titled Hooligans and Heroes: Youth Identity and Hip-Hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Alex Perullo explores the many ways that hip hop has affected the the lives of Tanzanian youth. Although many older Tanzanians regard hip hop with contempt and label its followers as “wahuni” (hooligans), there is no mistaking the fact that the music has gained an intense amount of popularity over the years. Hip hop music has been called the “voice of the youth” because it provides young people with a way to voice their opinions and concerns. In Tanzania, hip hop has been used as a means to educate people about important issues, “For Tanzanian youth, this means altering the popular conception of themselves as hooligans and allowing youth to become knowledge holders and educators within urban contexts”. There are many Tanzanian artists who have written songs addressing a wide variety of topics, and many of the lyrics are thought-provoking and clever. Perullo mentions the fact that strict censorship in the 70’s did not prevent hip hop artists to voice their disapproval of the government. Many bands found their way around bans and censorship by using double entendres and hidden meanings in the lyrics, a practice that “has a long history in Swahili poetry”. This challenges the common misconception that hip hop is vulgar and hateful. Many of the messages of these young Tanzanian artists represent the common struggle of the average person in Tanzania.\n\nPerullo’s research focuses on many popular and influential artists such as Mr II and Professor Jay. He includes song lyrics in Swahili with an English translation on the side. One of the songs that he includes is one by Mr. II, titled “Hali Halisi” (“The Real Situation”). This song focuses on the political corruption in Tanzania, “Our lives are hard, even the president knows/And we still have our smiles in ever situation…everyday it’s us and the police”. This song was popular because it expressed the anger and frustration of the youth. Many of the bands that are played in the radio have clean lyrics and are politically and socially conscious. They educate the youth on important issues.\n\nImmunization Strategies: Hip-hop and Critique in Tanzania\n\nThe article Immunization Strategies: Hip-hop and Critique in Tanzania by Koen Stroeken written in Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, talks about Tanzanian hip-hop music style called Bongo Flava, which when translated to English literally means “flavor of the brains”. Just like Hiplife in Ghana, Bongo Flava is another example of localization of hip-hop to conform to existing traditions and customs of a society. The author talks about the history of the emergence of Bongo Flava and the various factors that affected its growth, various Bongo Flava artists and their songs together with the social and political issues they address. This article can be found in Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol.75, No. 4 (2005), pp. 488-509 or can be accessed by clicking the link below.\n\n\n\nThe article Aesthetic of the Entrepreneur: Afro-Cosmopolitan Rap and Moral Circulation in Accra, Ghana written by Jesse Weaver Shipley on Anthropological Quarterly talks about Hiplife music in Accra, Ghana. Hiplife, according to Shipley, is a music genre in Ghana that “combines hip hop sampling, scratching and rap lyricism with older forms of highlife popular music, traditional storytelling (Anansesem), and formal proverbial oratory.” Hiplife, is one of the many examples of the hybridization of western hip hop with local culture to create a unique music genre. In this article, the author explores the lives and works of hiplife artists like Sidney and the Mobile Boys. He talks about the messages of Hiplife artists and how they portray public morality in their songs. This article can be found in the magazine Anthropological Quarterly, Volume 82, Number 3, Summer 2009, pp. 631-668 or can be accessed online by clicking the link below. One has to use CSULA NIS account to log in and read the article.\n\n\nAfrican Hip Hop and Politics of Change in an Era of Rapid Globalization\n\nThe article written by Mwenda Ntarangwi titled African Hip Hop and Politics of Change in an Era of Rapid Globalization shows how African hip hop artists address social and political issues in their songs. The writer gives credit to globalization for the emergence of hip hop in Africa. The writer writes how African hip hop has gained popularity because the youth comprise a huge percentage of the total population of Africa. The youth, the author says, use hip hop “…to express and represent their lived experiences, to formulate the relationship between Africa and the West, to challenge the practices and policies of their own governments, and to paint a picture of the kind of society in which they desire to live.” Hip hop gives the youth the empowerment and representation they lack due to the African culture already in place that marginalizes them. The author also recounts the evolution of African hip hop from being an imitation of American hip hop to being a culture of its own and the various factors that shaped it.\n\nNtarangwi, Mwenda. “African Hip Hop and Politics of Change in an Era of Rapid Globalization.” History Compass 8.12 (2010): 1316-1327.\n\nKeeping it real: Reality and Representation in Maasai Hip-Hop\n\nThe article Keeping it Real: Reality and Representation in Maasai Hip-Hop by Katrina Daly Thompson published in the Journal of African Cultural Studies analyzes the style, message and success of a Maasai-themed Tanzanian hip-hop group X Plastaz. The Maasai are a tribe of semi-nomadic people who live in Kenya and Northern Tanzania. They are known around the world for their distinct culture and residence in and around national parks in Kenya and Tanzania. With a member of the Maasai tribe as part of the singing group and the use of Maasai language, costumes and chanting in their performances, the group X Plastaz can be viewed as an example of how hip-hop which has origins in the West has been localized and is an integral part of Tanzanian culture. The writer tells how the group was very popular in Tanzania when they used Swahili in their raps and sounded “…like the Tanzanian version of the Brooklyn rap crews they had been listening to.” When they changed their style, the group became very popular internationally while their success locally declined. Their decline in popularity at home, according to the writer, is attributed to the group’s refusal to pay bribe to get their songs on the air and Tanzanians’ attitude towards the Maasai. Their international success can be attributed to “…their use of traditionalism to appeal to the touristic desire of Western audiences.” The author also writes how by their unique style and message the group X Plastaz claims it is “keeping it real”. CSULA students can access the article by clicking the link below and signing in with their NIS account.\n\n\nMasculinity and Nationalism in East African Hip-hop Music\n\nThe paper titled Masculinity and Nationalism in East African Hip-hop Music by Evan Mwangi published in 2004 may not be current in terms of the date of publication but applies even today to hip-hop in general and East African hip-hop in particular. Hip-hop in East Africa has grown considerably since 2004 both in the number of artists and the variety of styles and messages but the majority of the artists are still males and the message is masculine in nature. Mwangi explains in his paper this and more including how female artists try to reverse this portrayal. He also writes about how East African hip-hop, even though influenced by Western hip-hop culture, is localized and is growing to be a culture of its own. Using examples and illustrations the article explains how hip-hop music is used to portray nationalism in the countries of the East African Community namely Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The 16 page paper can be accessed through the link below.\n\n\nLanguage, Ideologies, Choices, and Practices in Eastern African Hip Hop\n\nThis is an essay written by, Alex Perullo and John Fenn which can be found in the book Global Pop, Local Language by, Harris M. Berger and Michael Thomas Carroll.  Since Hip Hop’s emergence in North America during the 1970’s and 1980’s, Hip Hop has become a global way for the youth to express their own local styles.  This is no different in Tanzania and Malawi, two neighboring African countries.  Both countries use English in their hip hop music, but Tanzania uses also Swahili and the Malawian youth use the language Chichewa.  Author, Alex Perullo, states that Tanzanian hip hop in English reflects American hip hop in talking about the pleasure’s of life for example, parties, friends, and praise of the artist.  Perullo then says that when the musicians use Swahili, the hip hop artist is usually conveying a message to the Tanzanian people about important social issues like lack of employment, corruption in the government, police brutality, and HIV/AIDS.  Tanzanian hip hop artists have stayed away from some American themes found in rap music like violence, because it is seen as disrespectful by the Tanzanian people.  Although English is the dominant political and economic language in Tanzania, it is only spoken by five percent of the population, so Swahili has become the most dominant language in the Tanzanian hip hop scene.  Many Tanzanian hip hop artists use American rappers such as Tupac Shakur to learn the flow of hip hop music and once they have acquired the skills they develop themselves as Tanzanian hip hop artists.  The creation of new words and the changing of the meaning of old Tanzanian words is core to the hip hop scene because this creates a common culture the youth of Tanzania are able to identify with.  In Malawi, English is all over rap and hip hop music, but it is usually accompanied simultaneously by the language Chichewa.  Much of the conversation about hip hop music in Malawi is done in English including newspapers, radio, and face to face dialogue, but the young hip hop artists of Malawi realize the importance of using the local Chichewa language when trying to convey certain messages in their music.  The Malawian youth see hip hop as having important social functions as well as a way to effectively transmit meaning.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9955912828445435}
+{"content": "Cutaneous Histiocytoma in Dogs\n\nWhat are histiocytes cells and what do they do?\n\nThe histiocyte group of cells are part of the body's immune surveillance system. They take up and process foreign antigens, such as pollens and viral, bacterial, and fungal microorganisms. They then migrate to the local lymph nodes. Here they present the antigens to other immune system cells (T lymphocytes) to stimulate them into a variety of activities to protect the body.  The cells that are involved in cutaneous histiocytoma are histiocytes.\n\n\nWhat is a cutaneous histiocytoma?\n\nThis is a common benign (harmless) tumor of histiocytes. 99% are permanently cured by removing them surgically. In their early stages, over the first 1-4 weeks, they grow rapidly. During this period of rapid growth, they often ulcerate and may become secondarily infected. Later they may regress spontaneously\n\n\nWhat do we know about the cause?\n\n\"Spontaneous self-cure is common.\"\n\n Most dogs that develop these tumors are young, and spontaneous self-cure is common with time. This suggests that they are hyperplasias (overgrowth of cells with regression when the stimulus for proliferation of the cells is removed) rather than true cancers (where cell proliferation is out of control and does not regress). No infectious agent (such as a virus) has been isolated, but a history of previous injury that could have allowed entry of such an agent is not unusual. Insects such as ticks could transmit these agents by biting, carrying the stimulus for histiocytoma from dog to dog.\n\n\nIs this a common tumor?\n\nThis is a common tumor. Most dogs affected are less than six years of age, occasionally as young as eight weeks. The tumor can occur in any breed but some breeds appear to be more susceptible to the tumor. These include Boxer Dogs and Bull Terriers.\n\n\nHow will this tumor affect my dog?\n\nThe most obvious effect of this tumor is the lump. Many will regress spontaneously over a few months. Usually, these tumors are removed because of ulceration, infection, and bleeding. It has been known for a dog to die from secondary infection of an untreated tumor.\n\nOccasionally the local lymph nodes may swell. This may be because the migrating histiocytes have proliferated there or because there is a reaction to secondary infection. It is unusual for more than one tumor to be present on the same dog or for the same tumor to occur later at another site, but both these situations have been found in otherwise normal young dogs. Very, very occasionally, in older dogs or those with inadequate immune systems, histiocytomas become multiple and progress to malignancy (cancer).\n\n\nHow is this tumor diagnosed?\n\nClinically, this tumor has a typical button-like appearance. Accurate diagnosis relies upon microscopic examination of tissue. Depending on the location, your veterinarian may recommend one or more methods of obtaining a tissue sample for diagnosis. The most common methods include needle aspiration, punch biopsy, and full excision biopsy.\n\n\"Cytology is the microscopic examination of aspirated cell samples.\"\n\nThe sample will then be examined by either cytology or histopathology. Cytology is the microscopic examination of aspirated cell samples. This is used for rapid or preliminary assessment. More accurate diagnosis, prediction of behavior (prognosis) and a microscopic assessment of whether the tumor has been fully removed rely on microscopic examination of tissue (histopathology). This is done at a specialized laboratory by a veterinary pathologist. Your veterinarian may submit a small part of the mass (biopsy) or the whole lump (an excision biopsy). If your veterinarian performed an excision biopsy, the pathologist will also assess whether the cancer has been completely removed.\n\n\nWhat treatment is available?\n\nTreatment is surgical removal of the lump to confirm the diagnosis.\n\n\nCan this tumor disappear without treatment?\n\nYes. This is one of the rare types of tumor that the body's own immune system can eliminate. However, ulceration, itching, secondary infection, and bleeding are often problems that require surgical intervention.\n\n\nHow can I nurse my dog?\n\nPreventing your dog from scratching, licking, or biting the tumor will reduce itching, inflammation, ulceration, infection, and bleeding. Any ulcerated area needs to be kept clean.\n\nAfter surgery, you need to keep the incision site clean and dry, and prevent your pet from rubbing, licking, biting, or scratching at it. Report any loss of sutures or significant swelling or bleeding to your veterinarian. If you require additional advice on post-surgical care, please ask.\n\n\nAre there any risks to my family or other pets?\n\nAlthough this may be potentially a transmissible tumor between dogs, there are no risks to people or other pets. There are no records of tumors spreading by close contact between animals, and the tumors do not occur in clusters in a household or neighborhood.\n\nThis client information sheet is based on material written by: Joan Rest, BVSc, PhD, MRCPath, MRCVS; Updated by Malcolm Weir, DVM, MSc, MPH\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6547775268554688}
+{"content": "Nottingham to Glasgow distance by car and plane\n\nWhat is the Nottingham to Glasgow distance? To answer the question and find out how far is Nottingham from Glasgow you need to check out the map below and look up the table. Driving distance from Nottingham to Glasgow is 0 miles or 0 km by car. Check out straight line distance if you are taking the flight. How long does it take to get from Nottingham to Glasgow? Approximate time of driving is .\n\n\nSee the return route - Distance from Glasgow to Nottingham\n\nYour route travel time from Nottingham to Glasgow by car will take:\n\nHow far is Nottingham from Glasgow?\n\n0 Miles 0 Km\n0.00 Gallons 0.00 Litres\n\nHow to use fuel cost calculator?\n\n\nGas Calculation\n\n\nOther routes from Nottingham\n\nLast distance calculations", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.000009298324585}
+{"content": "Prizm News / September 1, 2018 / By Staley Jophiel Munroe\nStaley Jophiel Munroe\nStaley Munroe is the creative director of Prizm. A Columbus native, Staley's career spans from NY to LA, working as a photographer, art director, and coordinator within the creative/fashion industries. Limited Brands, Hollywood film sets, New York Fashion Week, and several magazines have trusted her instincts for impactful visualization. As a proud, resilient transgender woman, Staley vigorously fights for equality and is a frequent speaker with the intent to increase awareness and understanding of transgender life. Contact:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8185650706291199}
+{"content": "Plant Vs Animal Protein: Which One Is Better? Top Proteins That Help In Quick Weight Loss\n\n\nThe nutrient protein is an extremely important part of our diet. Proteins are made up of amino acids and they exist throughout the body, in muscles, bones, skin and hair. They are beneficial for the growth and development and help to build, repair and maintain the body’s structures. Most importantly, it helps in building muscles, repairing tissues and promotes fullness. Broadly speaking there are two types of protein: animal based proteins and plant-based proteins. Foods derived from plants and animals can both provide protein, but there are some differences. In the following article let us explore some of the major differences between animal and plant protein. According to the Delhi based nutritionist, Pooja Malhotra “The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. There are 20 amino acids in all. While some amino acids can be synthesized by our bodies, some of them can’t be, we must obtain these from food, hence called essential amino acids.”\n\nAlso read: 5 Vegetarian High Protein Foods To Help You Stay Fit And Lose Weight Fast\n\n\nThe nutrient protein is an extremely important part of our diet.\nPhoto Credit: iStock\n\nPlant-based protein:\n\nPlant and animal proteins differ according to their amino acid contents. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. When the body digests the proteins in food, it breaks them down into amino acids. Foods derived from plant are not the complete sources of protein, as they do not contain all nine essential amino acids. Most plant proteins are incomplete, which means that they do not contain one of the essential amino acids. For the growth and development of the body all the essential amino acids are needed. Even high protein plant sources like legumes, beans and nuts lack one or more essential amino acids. However, some plant-based foods, such as quinoa and buckwheat, are complete sources of protein. Therefore, it becomes important for vegetarians and vegans to mix their protein sources to ensure that they are getting all of the essential amino acids. But you need not worry as there are some plant-based proteins well which provide a lot of health benefits. These include nuts, legumes, buckwheat, quinoa, soya products and lentils.\n\nShe continues to say, “Plant proteins (lentils, beans, nuts) are incomplete, they lack one or more of the essential amino acids. This drawback can be overcome by combining the plant protein with some cereal/ grains. It has usually been found that amino acids lacking in pulses are present in grains and vice versa. So cereal-pulse combinations are found to have complete amino acid profile. Hence the humble khichadi is an excellent source of protein. Plant proteins too contain a number of other nutrients, besides the very important non-nutrient ‘fibre’. “\n\nAnimal-based protein:\n\nAnimal proteins have more nutritional content than plant protein. The best part about animal-based proteins is that they contain all the essential amino acids. For instance some milk products, fatty fish and poultry are excellent sources of Vitamin B 12, Vitamin D and essential omega 3 fatty acids. Some amazing sources of protein are eggs, poultry, fish, meat, chicken breast and dairy. Nutritionist further added, “Animal proteins (egg, fish, poultry, meats etc) are complete proteins, they contain all essential amino acids. They also are a good source of nutrients like Vit D, B12, heme iron, zinc etc. However, these are devoid of fibre. They also are abundant in cholesterol, which if now not considered to be a nutrient of concern. Red meats, especially the processed ones are considered to significantly increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Lean anima protein also helps to increase muscle mass and prevent muscle loss that happens with ageing.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9689154028892517}
+{"content": "Graphing Unit\n\nby Jada Jackson\n\n Johnson Park Middle School\n\nColumbus, OH\n\nUnit Topic:             Graphing                                                                                                                                                                               Name:\n\nUnit Objectives:   Read, create, and interpret box-and-whisker plots, stem-and-leaf plots, and other types of graphs\n\nAnalyze a set of data by using and comparing combinations of measures of center and measures of spread\n\nC Level/Part 1- 65 pts\nB Level/Part 2 - 15pts\n\nA Level/Part 3 - 15pts\nCreate flash cards with the following terms: mean, median, mode, range, quartile, stem-and-leaf plots, box-and-whisker plots, stems, leaves, upper quartile, lower quartile, lower extreme, upper extreme, outliers, histograms, intervals (15 pts.)\n\n¨   Textbook (starting # for each page given-do at least 5): p. 103, #1; p. 104, #21; p. 118, #1; p. 119, #14; p. 125-126, #1, p. 127, #17 (15 pts.)\n\n¨   Make a poster showing the steps to create a box-and-whisker plot (15 pts.)\n¨   Create a crossword puzzle using 10 of the unit’s vocabulary terms and definitions (10 pts.)\n\n¨   Make a Power Point presentation that teaches the differences between a stem-and-leaf plot and a box-and-whisker plot (15 pts.)\n\n¨   Make a poster demonstrating how to create a histogram. Include what can be learned from a histogram that cannot be learned from a stem-and-leaf plot (15 pts.)\n¨   Daily QQF Work (10 pts.)\n\n¨   Listen to lecture/take notes (optional-partial credit available) (10 pts.)\n\n  Choose one activity. Each activity is worth 15 points. You may work with a partner.\n\n¨       Can It Be? Lab Activity\n\n¨       Heights of Students in Our Class Lab Activity\n\n¨       Long Distance Airplanes Activity\n\n\n\n\nGrading Scale (100 possible)\n\nA          86-100\n\nB          71-85\n\nC         60-70\n\nD          50-59\n\n\n\nC Level/Part 1          ________      \n\nB Level/Part 2           ________\n\nA Level/Part 3          ________\n\nBonus Points              ________\nChoose one question to answer. Find 3 sources on your topic. Cite and summarize each source. Write two paragraphs to support your opinion.\n\n¨       What is the best way to display data?\n\n¨       Why is it important to learn how to display data?\n\n\nBONUS POINTS:   _________\n\nDATE: ________________", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9959338903427124}
+{"content": " The Place of External Knowledge in the Formation of Religious Belief in Islamic Theology i-definitions of Īmān a-Īmān (Faith). b-Belief c-Islam. Ii-elements Which Help Structuring Īmān (faith) a-Emotions b-Will c-Deeds d-Information\n\n\nölçüsü184.31 Kb.\n\nThe Place of External Knowledge in the Formation of Religious Belief in Islamic Theology 1\n\nI-Definitions of Īmān 1\n\na-Īmān (Faith). 1\n\nb-Belief. 3\n\nc-Islam. 4\n\nII-Elements Which Help Structuring Īmān (faith) 5\n\na-Emotions. 5\n\nb-Will. 7\n\nc-Deeds. 8\n\nd-Information. 9\n\ne-The Cognition Form of Faith. 12\n\nConclusion. 15\n\n\nI-Definitions of\n\n\n\n\n\nIn Arabic the term\n\n\nis derived from the root “a-m-n”, it is in the “if‘al” form and means, “to give confidence to others”, “to be ensured”, “\n\nto confirm and to accept”. Verb form “āmana” means “removal of fear and replacing it with confidence”\n\n\nIn Islamic terminology the definition of\n\n\ngiven in Gabriel hadith in which six principles of\n\n\nis mentioned similarly the term\n\n\n, which forms knowledge of catechism, is symbolized to mean\n\n\n. This is why definitions of\n\n\ngiven in many books does not state what\n\n\nis, instead tell about what to believe in2.\nGenerally speaking, the definition of\n\n\nis given as follows: “\n\n\nis to confirm (approve)”, “\n\n\nis confirmation in heart”, “\n\n\nis the contrivance of the heart”, “\n\n\nis to confirm by heart and to confess by speech”, “\n\n\nis contrivance in heart and is confession through speech”, “\n\n\nis confirmation of heart, confession through speech, and performed by deeds”, “\n\n\nis speech and deeds”3. According to Paul\n\n\n\n\nis a total and centered act of the personal self, the act of unconditional, infinite and ultimate concern4. Briefly Faith is the state of being ultimately concerned.\nAccording to the father of all modern Protestant Theology,\n\n\n\n\nis the feeling of unconditional dependence. Of course, feeling so defined does not mean in religion what it means in popular psychology. It is not vague and changing, but has a definite content5.\nAlso confirming messages preached by the Prophet in detail is called\n\n\n; besides this confirming the prophet’s regulations as a summary is called\n\nicmālī īmān\n\n. To achieve this, a faithful believer (mu’min) must think that the Prophet is truthful and this is enough for him6.\n\nBecause scholars of Kalām (Islamic theologians) recognize intelligence (reason) as a basic they discussed about a person’s īmān\n\nwho has a\n\n\n(imitated, following the authority, imitation in legal matters)\n\n\nas a result of observation (nazar) and proof (\n\n\n/reason). Even so, the opinion of rejecting\n\ntaqlidī īmān\n\nhas become so extreme that common people who have no knowledge about logic and dialect are considered as non-believers, so this opinion has been symbolized with the concept\n\nkufr al-āmmeh\n\n. Scholars of\n\n\nsect claimed that a person having\n\ntaqlidī īmān\n\nis a\n\n\n(sinful) or a non-believer. The\n\n\n, among\n\nAhl al-Sunnah\n\n(main stream orthodoxy) consider\n\ntaqlidī īmān\n\nas something null and for this reason have been a doctrine which had been criticised7. According to their criticism, this person is not a Pagan and non-believer, but cannot be called a mu’min (true believer) absolutely.\nBesides this,\n\n\n, stated that the path leading to\n\n\nis proof (istidlal)8 and that knowledge is a means leading to confirmation. He puts knowledge (‘ilm) at the basic of\n\n\nand states that a person having\n\ntaqlidī īmān\n\n(imitated faith) cannot be excusable. But representatives following\n\n\nin the later centuries have accepted that\n\ntaqlidī īmān\n\nis acceptable9.\nThe term\n\n\n(to be sure, to be certain) means sound reliable information leading to knowledge of something10. While the Qur’an uses the qualification\n\n\nas a definition of mu’mins (believers), in contrast to suspicion, it is attributed to the non-believers and the hypocrites: “Only those are Believers who have believed in God and His Apostle, and have never since doubted, but have striven with their belongings and their persons in the cause of God: such are the sincere ones, were we then weary with the first creation, that they should be in confused doubt about a new creation?” (Q. 49:15; see 9: 45).\nAccording to\n\n\n, there is a difference between\n\n\n\n\n. Accordingly\n\n\nis forming contrivance without\n\n\n. But in order to have faith (\n\n\n), contrivance is necessary. Accordingly,\n\n\ncomes into existence after\n\n\n. In other words\n\n\ncalls in for\n\n\nand becomes the motivating element11.\n\n\nArabic term “\n\n\n” is used as “faith” in English. As “foi”\n\nin French. The\n\nword “inanc” in Turkish give as “belief” in English and as “I’tiqād” in Arabic, which are equivalent words. Belief may be divided into different categories. As a matter of fact, stages of this concept have been examined\n\n12. Also in English “belief” which is separated into two parts “belief in” and “belief that” is explained as different meaning within a whole. Having examined different degrees of belief in detail, H. H. Price (1899-1971)13, focused on examples about both parts. But according to the result which Price reached, it can be seen that outline of this classification cannot be drawn absolutely. Because, sometimes “belief in” can be reduced to “belief that”. In addition to this, the slight difference between the two can be explained as follows: Belief that” is only accepting certain propositions. When we talk about such a belief regarding “being of Allah”, we would only accept the existence of a “being called God”. This states a mental acceptance. The belief of the Satans in God is in this category14. So for a person accepting the suggestion Allah Exists”, it isn’t necessary that he must be real Moslem (mu’min). A person can be satisfied by only claiming to be believer in accordance with the first degree (belief that)15.\nAs far the difference between\n\n\n(faith) and belief when compared with belief-\n\n\n, is a more special concept16, being privileged with religious attribution. In other words,\n\n\nis used in connection with a specific religion. Belief is not a religious category. Thus the acceptance of a religious person is basically called\n\n\n, not belief17.\n\n\nThe word Islam which means “to submit”, “to surrender”, “to obey” is a concept which has been considered, and discussed in Islamic theology\n\n(Kalām) books in relation with the topics of īmān\n\n. In this regard, the relation between Islam-\n\n\nhas been stated according to the following definitions:\n\n\n-Islam is a general concept, which include\n\n\n. In other words,\n\n\nis a feature of Islam18.\n\n\n\nĪmān is more comprehensive than\n\n\n\n\n\n\nand Islam are words having different meaning in the dictionary, they have same meaning in religion20.\nThe basic feature of\n\n\nis described as believing in ghayb (unseen). Thus when the qualities of believers (mu’mins) are being stated in the Qur’an it has been emphasized that they have faith (\n\n\n) in ghayb; “Who believe in (that) the unseen” (Q. 2:3). This acknowledgement influenced the famous Christian theologian St. Thomas (1224-1274). According to his opinion: “knowledge is related to objective-seen being, whereas,\n\n\nis related to the unseen. This is why\n\n\ncannot be mentioned where knowledge exists21. That’s why it has been accepted that there is certainty within\n\n\n. As a matter of fact, it has been stated in the Qur’an: “Only those are Believers who have believed in God and His Apostle, and have never since doubted” (Q. 49:15).\n\n\nmeans a human attribution (homo credo faith). Because suggestion as regards\n\n\nare suggestions which no man can refuse or ignore22, besides being a human attribution,\n\n\nis connected with man’s soul. Thus, the Christian theologians described the word as mental acceptance, confidence of heart and submission of the will power23 therefore, this is an explanation which shows that it is a concept to surround a person completely.\nPaul Tillich (1886-1965) who describes\n\n\nas the most exalted interest of mankind, he also accepts that it is a centered act. According to his opinion: “Faith is the state of being ultimately concerned”. According to him,\n\n\nis in the center of the person’s private life, and it surrounds all aspects of life24. According to him, faith as ultimate concern is an act of the total personality.\n\n\nat the center unites all emotional, mental, spiritual, physical and even conscious and unconscious aspects of personal life. Just like how mankind is made up of the unity of these elements without separation and they form mankind’s aspects, which cannot be separated, similarly\n\n\n, which penetrates mankind’s soul, has connections with and makes influence ever these elements25. Therefore,\n\n\ncan neither be created as a product of the mind, nor can it be considered as the effort of the will nor can it be regarded as the results of emotional acts.\n\n\nis an unknown phenomenon, which includes all of these elements26.\n\nII-Elements Which Help Structuring\n\n\n\n\nHaving made comments on religion psychologists stated that there is no one whole, unique religious excitement, there could be generally widespread and deep common excitements stimulated by religious topics27. For example, divine love, is not different from emotional love, it is only a feeling of human love which has tendency towards religious topics and values28. Sacred love, which is one of the basic aims of all religions, is emphasized as divine love in the statements of holy Qur’an and it has been considered as the property of a sound belief.\nJust like all the acts of mankind’s spiritual life, according to\n\n\n, there is emotion in\n\n\n, and emphasizes that this an emotion does not form faith. According to his opinion, faith has unity within the act of\n\n\nthat does not prevent one from the domination of the objects. This can dominate so much as to determine the formation of\n\n\n, but it cannot create the act of faith29.\nAccording to\n\n\n, this is also true for feeling. Faith is not an emotional outburst. This is not the meaning of ecstasy. Certainly, emotion is in it, as in every act of man’s spiritual life. But emotion does not produce faith. Faith has a cognitive content and is an act of the will. It is the unity of every element in the centered self. Of course, the unity of all elements in the act of faith does not prevent one or the other element from dominating in a special form of faith. It dominates the character of faith but it does not create the act of faith.\nBut Islamic theology\n\n(Kalām), which forms the philosophy of religious belief, has been criticized because of the lacking of feelings in hearth/emotions\n\n30. Still, it cannot be said that they deny the emotional aspect of belief31\n\n. But it is a fact that the scholars of Kalām have ignored such topics\n\n32. The explanations about confirmation point out that\n\n\nhas an emotional aspect as well as the “kulli” (whole) state of\n\n\naccording to Tillich’s opinion,\n\nīmān having a “kullī” state, it is natural that it has emotional aspect just like other element\n\n33. It has been seen that his opinion has been practised in Christian theo\n\nlogy, and that generally in Islamic Kalām knowledge it’s not at this degree. In Islamic opinion this matter is more practised in Sufism (Islamic mysticism),\n\nIbn Taymiyyah\n\n(d. 728/1328), famous scholar of Islamic theology, explains emotional element of\n\n\nas “deeds of heart” and states that\n\n\ncomprises deeds of heart such as fear of Allah, divine love and reliance on God. Ibn Taymiyyah accepts and confirms deeds of heart with the exception of confirmation concept. This is why he criticizes scholars who equalize\n\n\nwith confirmation. According to his explanation, in order to have\n\n\nin heart first it is necessary to confirm God and his messenger and later love them. Otherwise, while hating Allah and his messenger only confirming will not be accepted as\n\n\n34. As a matter of fact, dimension of love as the main element of religious sentiment has been stated in the Qur’an as follows: “Say: \"If you do love God, Follow me: God will love you and forgive you your sins: For God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful\". (Q. 3:31).\n\n\nIn the Arabic language it’s a concept, which was derived from the rood “r-w-d” meaning to request (desire), as a word it means –to wish35.\nThe ‘\n\n\n–will’ relation gives different results according to the point of view. In other words, is\n\n\nan act of will, or is it a psychological state? Is\n\n\nsomething, which we perform, or is it something happens to us? The voluntarists who claim that we can control our belief say “yes” to the first question, the involuntarists confirm second part36.\n\n\nwho describes belief as “a mental act motivated by the effect of the will”37, as a result he says that\n\n\nforms with will. Soren\n\n\n(1768-1864) says that every belief is gained by the decision of will, so he appears as a radical voluntarist at the extreme level38.\nThose who claim that\n\n\nis unwilling consider that it is not an act. Because faith is not an act it cannot be the element of any recommendation or can it be element of any commandment39. According to David Hume (1711-1776), who is a main representative of this idea, belief is unintentional40.\n\nWill forms the source of difference between confirmation and contrivance. Usually contrivance forms without will and personal effort, for confirmation intervention of the will is necessary. For example, when a person’s eye sees an object and soon after this sight without the intervention of the will an acknowledgement of that object happens. Whereas, confirmation does not happens like this41.\n\nThere is a connection between the function of will and “confirmation” in formation of\n\nīmān. In some “Kalām books confirmation has been described as the heart being ratified and submitted to something known and\n\nreported news42.\n\n\n(d. 793/1390) says that this way of explaining is difficult to understand. He says that, such confirmation is a kind of knowledge, and that knowledge is a psychological circumstance not an intentional and willingful act. In other words, faith is a psychological circumstance. In this situation can we say that will contributes in formation of\n\nīmān? Teftazānī gives an answer to this question too. When īmān\n\nis a psychological circumstance it cannot be determined as a willingful act. But, in order to achieve this circumstance the effect of will exists. Will, can be seen during taking steps with means, in focusing ideas and thoughts towards that direction, in removing obstacles in order to gain\n\n\n. Mankind is responsible for being faithful. Sometimes contrivance is not enough, contrivance can be manifested without such intentional achievements and acquirements43.\nThe Qur’anic verse “O ye who believe! Believe in God and His Apostle, and the scripture, which He hath sent to His Apostle, and the scripture, which He sent to those before (him)” (Q. 4:136) appoints the will within\n\nīmān. Commanding believers (mu’minūn) to settle īmān\n\nin heart, and to make it perfect and to sustain it. The verse was explained as “be firm in\n\n\nand have duration in it. Carry out the rights of\n\n\nAccording to Paul\n\n\n, who considers the act of\n\n\nas unwilling, certainly something which will ultimately worry a person could be a confirmation of his will. Faith is not a creation of the will. In the ecstasy of faith the will to accept and to surrender is an element but not the cause45.\nThere should not be any contrast between will and cognitive form. As a matter of fact, the nature of mental structure, a person’s imaginations of the world circumstances in which individuals face with environment in which they live in and survive; the psychological structure; their desires, aims and purposes; takes place depending on passed experiences46, this expression support this ideology.\n\n\nMany Qur’anic verses emphasize the importance of deeds. It talks about the deeds being evaluated and judged in the Day of Judgement. Faith and deeds are generally mentioned together in the Qur’an. These expressions of Qur’an point out the connections between\n\n\nand deeds. Also the\n\nAhl al-Sunnah\n\n, arguing about faith-deeds relation, says that deeds are not a part of faith. At the same time they do not refuse the importance between faith and believer’s behaviours. They accept the relation between faith and deeds, even so, some of them say that these are signs of\n\n\n47. Thus faith, which is mystic concept and reinforced with practice, goes on48.\nAs Clark expressed, putting the belief into act reinforces faith49. Put it this way deeds are protectors of faith and sustain it.\n\nAccording to the Māturidī sect, a belief (doctrine) that faith increases or decreases is not acceptable. However, Māturidī\n\nbelief that the faith is being as strengthened or being enfeebled50. The\n\n\n\n\nschools of thought, say that faith increases with obedience and decreases with sins51. But the increase of faith in this aspect is in terms of attributions, not origin52. According to modern researcher Hassan\n\n\n, the increase of faith is not absolutely actually, but on increase in contrivance must be in terms of detail and summary53.\n\n\nReligion as a subject of belief has developed with humanity and has become an establishment, which exists with the existence of mankind. No community has existed living in total atheism in any era. Social factors are important in establishing faith, which forms the main essence of religion.\nTraditions and customs are initiative in terms of these factors. Qur’an talks about the men who are against the faith; they didn’t hear of this from their ancestors, “The chiefs of the Unbelievers among his people said: \"He is no more than a man like yourselves: his wish is to assert his superiority over you: if God had wished (to send messengers), He could have sent down angels; never did we hear such a thing (as he says), among our ancestors of old.\" (Q. 23:24); they shall follow the ways of their ancestors, “When it is said to them: \"Follow what God hath revealed:\" They say: \"Nay! We shall follow the ways of our fathers.\" What! Even though their fathers were void of wisdom and guidance? (Q. 2:170); or enough for us are the ways we found our fathers following, “When it is said to them: \"Come to what God hath revealed; come to the Apostle\": They say: \"Enough for us are the ways we found our fathers following.\" what! Even though their fathers were void of knowledge and guidance?” (Q. 5:104) as revealed in Qur’an these were their excuses that explain the social effects they experience.\nThe communication systems are one of the effective exterior elements, which influence formation of faith. Some researchers say that these systems are the most effective to “influence to convince and to motivate people”, others claim that these systems are limited54. According to the first opinion “likings and choices, beliefs and convictions of masses, interest and concerns, thoughts of people are under the control of communication systems55. This results in a considerable influence in the formation of people’s faith. As a result of different a research it has been seen that, media besides motivating people towards certain ideas helps strengthening existing ideas of people56.\nBesides customs, traditions, and media there are other factors like school, family and close friends in terms of motivation which effects formation of faith. In fact, the prophetic hadith expressed the influence of family as follows: “Every new born baby borns within a natural creation. Father and mother of the baby makes him Jewish, Christian of fireworshipper. If the mother-father is a Moslem, then the child is a Moslem”57.\n\n\n(d. 505/1111), in connection with this hadith, writes that whichever faith is suggested to children from youth this the faith that will determine their future life58.\nMany scholars of Islam acknowledge this “natural creation” concept as “being created with ability to direct towards religion” or “ability to believe” (have faith)59. According to some researches, the most influential 3rd, element is close friends after the family and school. According to the inquiries made on 400 students attending different high schools in Ankara, it has been showed that the influence of friends followed family and school in terms of having faith in God or disbelief60. This result makes the hadith “The person follows the religion of his close friend. So be careful in selecting your friends”61 more meaningful.\n\n\nconsidered exterior information factor, which influence the formation of faith, and he said: “I saw that always children of Christians were raised up as Christians, children of Jews were raised up as Jewish, children Moslems were raised up as Moslems”62. J. J.\n\n\n(1712-1778) who says that the faith of people are “like geographical books of knowledge”63 and he states that everybody accepts the religion taught to them, that they are “circumcised, baptized, Jewish, Muhammadan, Christian”64 according to the country they live in and that “God knows how many Christian Catholics live in Rome, who could have been good Moslems if they were born in Mecca. Similarly, the honourable and good Turkish living in Asia, could have been good Christians if they were living together with us”65. In this regard, the research made on students in America Berkeley University, which shows that their religious beliefs are the same with their neighbourhood, is very meaningful66.\nThe observations of\n\n\n\n\nare emphasized by the following statements in the Qur’an “And Noah, said: \"O my Lord! Leave not of the unbelievers, a single one on earth!, \"For, if Thou dost leave (any of) them, they will but mislead Thy devotees, and they will breed none but wicked ungrateful ones” (Q. 71:26-27). This Qur’anic verse states that they raise up their children to the direction of their own religious beliefs.\nIn this point, the society has a considerable effect over changes of religion in other words changes in faith. The need for social support to protect religious beliefs and making influence over individual faith by using social pressure these expressions are because of this pressure of the society. In an investigation made on youngsters converting to different religions in the West, says that 42 % percent of them convert as a result of social pressure67.\nIn the Qur’an it has been commanded “Already has He sent you Word in the Book, that when ye hear the signs of God held in defiance and ridicule, ye are not to sit with them unless they turn to a different theme: if ye did, ye would be like them“ (Q. 4:140); “When thou seest men engaged in vain discourse about Our signs, turn away from them unless they turn to a different theme. If Satan ever makes thee forget, then after recollection, sit not thou in the company of those who do wrong” (Q. 6:68) the above verses prohibits the believers from attending gathering where people deny divine messages and underestimate the holy words. These statements show that social environment make important influence over the religious lives of people.\n\ne-The Cognition Form of Faith.\n\nCognition is a word, which means mental functions for learning about our world, and understanding it, this concept comprises stages such as perception, memory, reasoning, thinking, and understanding68. Questions about how a person receives information from the world surrounding him and how he selects them, how he conveys information and how he arranges it; how he constructs the imaginative form of reality and turns it into knowledge, these questions are answered by the term cognition69.\nA believer thinks that he knows about the truthfulness of some religious principles. This situation is similar to the accepted knowledge we obtain from our community; knowledge which we have no doubt. Believer (mu’min) will acknowledge the basis of faith, which he learns from books or religious authorities70. This has been determined in the Qur’an as follows “Only those wish to hasten it\n\nwho believe not in it: those who believe hold it in awe, and know that it is the Truth. Behold, verily those that dispute concerning the Hour are far astray” (Q. 42:18). In terms of Kalām knowledge, to become a believer, is not enough to know only the bas\n\nis of faith in religion. A person must consider them important. Just gaining knowledge like western student of Islam is not enough in Islam, having this knowledge does not mean that a person possesses the cognitive form of faith seen in believers.\nA person, who has a certain faith and attitude when encountering opposite attitudes he turns away from it. While he is successful in this withdrawal attitude, he will not understand the contrary things and his belief and attitudes will be protected, and will be ensured71. In the Qur’an it has been said: “Say: \"Everyone acts according to his own disposition: But your Lord knows best who it is that is best guided on the Way\" (Q. 17:84). It is possible to say that the character here is a cognitive form, which has shaped the personality with advantages72.\nFor example, a person who is opponent of a religious sect does not attend meetings held by members of that sect or does not read articles supporting their doctrine73. With the expression of Qur’an “The unbelievers say: \"Listen not to this Qur’an, but talk at random in the midst of its (reading), that ye may gain the upper hand!\" (Q. 49:26) by talking with these expressions they wanted do prevent it from being read.\n\nAccording to the news of Qur’an, the non-believers say: “They say: \"Our hearts are under veils, (concealed) from that to which thou dost invite us, and in our ears in a deafness, and between us and thee is a screen: so do thou (what thou wilt); for us, we shall do (what we will!)\" (Q. 49:5) in these above expressions there is a rebellious psychological nature. Besides trying to understand they do not even want to listen to. Whereas, to understand something, it is necessary to request it. As a matter of fact, the Qur’an emphasizes this matter as follows: “But people have cut off their affair (of unity), between them, into sects: each party rejoices in that which is with itself” (Q. 23:53).\n\nThis attitude shows that a person’s needs during formation of faith, his mental set and mood are effectives in the selections of comprehension74.\nInitially, a person cannot understand every event in his surroundings, he selects only appropriate ones among many objects and then he gets it. The perception of the world occurs beyond the senses of physical body depending on the society. People only listen to and read propagations of their own ideology and doctrines, or obey only leaders of their religious groups, societies. We support our world perspectives and insist that these opinions are correct75.\nThe same object with individuals having different mental sets shall be commented on a different way by selective sensitisation method this is because of the mental set. This is why, a person’s expectations, previous experiences and acceptances puts forward different connections in producing new perceptions76.\nThe mental structure of mankind has been expressed by the following Qur’anic verse: “God disdains not to use the similitude of things, lowest as well as highest. Those who believe know that it is truth from their Lord; but those who reject faith say: \"What means God by this similitude?\" By it He causes many to stray, and many He leads into the right path; but He causes not to stray, except those who forsake (the path),” (Q. 2:26). The above-mentioned verse points out to the difference between understanding and comprehension of believers and non-believers. Similarly, while increasing one’s perversion, it motivates the other to the way of Islam.\nAnother Qur’anic verse appropriate to this is given below: “Say: \"Behold all that is in the heavens and on earth\"; but neither Signs nor Warners profit those who believe not” (Q, 10:101). Verses mentioned are proof of existence of God and principles of faith; these are messages for wise and intelligent people. As a mentioned above, non-believers never use their intelligence77. Because “If thou callest them to guidance, they hear not. Thou wilt see them looking at thee, but they see not” (Q. 7:198). Again in the Qur’an evidences are put forward for believers “Therefore fear God, O ye men of understanding -who have believed!- for God hath indeed sent down to you a Message” (Q. 65:10); those believers who are granted with right path “Those who listen to the Word, and follow the best (meaning) in it: those are the ones whom God has guided” (Q. 39:18), these are messages for wish people78 “(Here) indeed are Signs for a people that are wise.” (Q. 2:164)79.\nEvery individual accepts his own cultural and social values accordingly his behaviours as something logical or at least he believers in it80. The mind settled within faith is not an objective mind, it is a subjective mind, which protects and supports faith and serves for it. A faith, which looks like something illogical, is logical for the individual who has this faith81. This is why Qur’an accuses non-believers of being foolish, this means that they reduce their minds certain fields.\nThis explanation reminds the claim of D.Z. Philips, one of the followers of Neo-Wittgensteinian, who thinks that there is a rationality internal to the religion. Although we agree with Philips claim of internal rationality in religion, we do not accept their rejection of looking for external evidence for it. We sincerely believe that external evidences can contribute greatly to the formation of faith.82. Confirming such opinion is impossible in terms of the Qur’an. Because the Qur’an commands the believer to look at the earth and the heavens after then think wisely in remembrance of God (Q. 77:17-20).\n\nThis is why scholars who are members of Māturidī and Mu’tazilite sects oppose the Ash’arites and support the idea that if a per\n\nson is not one who is addressed by the revelation, his mind is enough to discover God and an individual who has no chance to be\n\nilluminated by revelation. According to their opinion intellect is responsible for believing in God83. The Qur’an gave the example of prophet Abraham as evidence of discovering God by using the intellect. Again the Qur’an emphasized the importance of using the mind in various verses and it has been said that by using the mind an individual will be delivered from eternal hell fire84.\nBesides this, the ontologic evidence in philosophy on the idea of the most true and effective concept of God in the human mind puts forward existence of Allah. This way of proof was first expressed by St.\n\n\n(1033-1109), later it was applied by Descartes (1596-1650), Spinoza (1632-1677) and Leibniz (1646-1716).\nBecause the matter of faith is a complex form, to support the idea that\n\n\n(faith) is only a matter of intelligence and ideas; means to put it in the limitation of narrow blocks. This is why the mental process of faith while being a part of every educated person's religious belief, still it should not be ignored that it is only a simple part85.\nFaith is consisting of strong emotions, but emotions are not the source of faith. With it's content it is subjective, so it is certain in it's focus, and therefore it claims truth, consequently, it demands submission. It has a tendency towards the one and only absolute, therefore it claims truth and commitment, it is directed toward the unconditional, and appears in a concrete reality that demands and justifies such commitment.\n\n\nIt is known that the cognitive form of\n\n\n\n(faith) has complex features. In this regard it has a kind of mosaic nature. Ability and earnings made up the mosaic formation. Both categories (ability-earnings) have a special importance in existence and formation of faith86.\n\n\nis rejoicing feeling, consists of rational conscious, has a cognitive form of confirmation featured with a total acceptance and submission87. According to St.\n\n\n, in classical Roman Catholic theology \"will to believe\" is not an act which originates in man's striving, but it is given by grace to whose will is moved by God to accept the truth of what the church teaches. This kind of interpretation agrees with the authoritarian attitude of the Roman Church88.\nNo command to believe and no will to believe can create\n\n\n(faith). In this respect, the arguments of faith cannot form\n\n\n89. This is explained as; one demands “obedience of faith”, the term can mean the element of commitment, which is implied in the state of ultimate concern. Our oscillating will cannot produce the certainty, which belongs to faith.\n“Commitment to the traditions of ancestors” emphasized in the Qur’anic verses and hadiths, and “attending groups of the same religion”, “influence of family motivating the child’s faith”, “being careful in selecting friends” such explanations make clear that within the beginning of formation of faith, the exterior factors have initial effects. Deeds\n\nand thinking in remembrance of God (tadhakkur) which appears after acquiring faith, pre\n\nsents us the emotion, nature and will factors. The concept of increasing of faith, become conscious in faith and exception in faith according to Islamic theology (Kalām)\n\nshows considerable differences. In the Qur’an following verse “O ye who believe! Believe in God and His Apostle, and the Scripture which He hath sent to His Apostle and the Scripture which He sent to those before (him)” (Q. 4:136) addressed to the emotions of believers (mu’mins) through the will dimension.\n\nIn this regard, a person who has a tendency towards religious belief and faith in God having faith (īmān) a godsend gift –this will is called natural will- is a result of his surrounding. According to Teftazānī, faith is a divine light granted by Allah who “motivates his slave’s will”. After his stage, emotion and will interferes and directs the structure and dimension of faith. This is why there are conscious (muhaqqiq) religious and faithful people among Moslems, as well as Christians, Jews and Buddhists.\n\nWith rejoicing and emotions and perfect will these people within enthusiasm of their faith they form mental and physical state by using them to enrich their cognitive structure of faith. A hadith “The ones who were good in the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), are good also in the Islamic era”90, expresses good quality of the individuals.\n\nFor example, the attitude, which Ghazālī puts forward for this religion of Islam, can be found also in the ones that arise from other religions. This is why whichever position Ghazālī has among Moslems, Thomas has the same position among Christians. The Qur’an makes it clear with the following verse: “But people have cut off their affair (of unity), between them, into sects: each party rejoices in that which is with itself” (XXIII, 53)”.\n\nIn this respect, when Ghazālī as a Kalām scholar, explains about his life story, he says that he wants to be free from traditional belief (taqlīd) that has been taught to him by his mother-father and teachers, and expresses this as a result of a natural habit, a godsend blessing. Again he emphasises that his striving is not a result of his will. Finally, -with his words- he recedes from “traditional belief” that has been given to him by his mother-father and teacher.\n\nGhazālī, made a research on which of the knowledge he obtained “haqq” (righteous), and which of them was “batil” (perverted). The answer of it is that he obtained faith which he defined as a knowledge does not bring any doubt of a matter, a position of perfect faith91.\n\nBesides this, we can comment about this topic with the prophet’s hadith “Jewishs have separated by seventy, also Christians by seventy one, my followers will be separated into seventy three sects. Just one of them will go to the heaven”92. Moslems, Christians and Jews groups separated into different sects, there are believers who are on safe ground and they have degree of yaqin (absolute knowledge) information of faith. Their number is very little. In this context, a lot of the Qur’anic verses, which starts with “most people”, ends in a negative way93.\n\nAsh’arī and Māturidī representatives of the Ahl al-Sunnah (main stream orthodoxy) sect do not give excuse for those who have taqlidī īmān (imitated) because they aim to raise up informed and conscious believers.\n\nIn the cognitive structure of disbelief and faith when effects of physical and spiritual elements of moral are considered, universal dimension of faith becomes meaningful94. The Qur’an says: \"Say: \"True guidance is the Guidance of God: (Fear ye) lest a revelation be sent to someone (else)”, “Say: \"All bounties are in the hand of God: He granteth them to whom He pleaseth: And God careth for all, and He knoweth all things\" (III, 73).\n\n\nIbn Manzūr,\n\nLisan a’l-‘Arab\n\n, “amn” art. (Beirut 1980); Firūzābādi, Qāmūs\n\n, “amn” art. (in Turkish. Asim Efendi, I-III, Istanbul 1230-1233); D.B. Macdona\n\nld, “Īmān”\n\nIA, V/II, 984.\n\n2 W. Cantwell Smith, Religion and Reason Method and Theory in the Study and Interpretation of Religion On Understanding Islam, p. 141 (Netherlands 1981); Smith, “Faith as Tasdiq” Islamic Philosophical Theology, p. 99 (ed. Parviz Morewedge, USA 1979).\n\n3 Ash’ari, al-Luma’\n\n(ed. Richard J. McCarty), p. 75 Beirut 1952; Māturidī, Kitāb al-Tavhid\n\n(ed. Fath Allah Hulaif), p. 380, Beirut 1970); Ibn Taymiyya,\n\nel-Imān (ed. Sayyid al-Jamilī), p. 123-124 (Cairo 1993).\n\n4 Paul Tillich, Dynamics of Faith p. 4 (New York, 1965).\n\n5 Tillich, ibid, p. 38.\n\n\nSachakhlyzāde, Nashru’t-tawāli’\n\n, p. 375 (Cairo 1924).\n\n7 Toshihiko Izutsu,\n\nIslam Dusuncesinde Īmān Kavrami\n\n(Tr. Salahattin Ayaz, Istanbul 1984), p. 148-149.\n\n\nMātüridī, Kitāb al-Tawh\n\n\nd, p. 287.\n\n9 Nasafi, Tabsirat al-adilla, I, 25; Ghazali, Ihy\n\n\n' 'ulum al-Din, I, 162 (Cairo 1356-1357).\n\n\nFirūzābādī, Qāmus\n\n, “yqn” art.\n\n\n\n\n\ntu Ahl al-Sunnah, (ed. Awazayn, Cairo 1971), I, 41.\n\n12 W.Houston Clark, The Psychology of Religion, p. 220 (USA 1961).\n\n13 H. H. Price, “Belief ‘in’ and belief ‘that”, The Philosophy of Religion (edit. Basil Mitchell, Hong Kong 1989), p. 144-167.\n\n14 Alvin Plantinga, “Is Belief in God Exist” Rationality and Religious Belief, p. 7 (London 1979).\n\n15 Price, ibid, p. 149, 152.\n\n16 Tillich, Ibid, p. 37, 40; Hayati Hokelekli, “Dini Kisiligin Kurulusunda Iradenin Rolu”, Diyanet XXI, (1985) p. 21.\n\n17 W. Cantwell Smith, Religion and Reason Method and Theory in the Study and Interpretation of Religion On Understanding Islam, p. 115 (The Netherlands 1981).\n\n\nThis definition is more accepted by the Ash'arites (Cf. Baqıll\n\nāni, al-Insāf (ed. I. Ahmad Haydar), p. 89, (Beirut 1986); Ibn Fūraq,\n\n\n\nad maqalāt al-Ash’arī (ed. Daniel G\n\nımaret), p. 155, (Beirut 1987).\n\n19 The chief representative of this definition is Ibn Taymiyyah (Cf. Ibn Taymiyyah,\n\nal-Imān (ed. Sayyid Jamilī), p. 14, 20, 130 (Cairo 1993); Hassan Hanafī,\n\nMin al-aqida ila al-thawra, V, 13 (Cairo 1988).\n\n\nThis kind of definition is accepted by the Mu’tazilites and Māturidī scholars (Cf. Māturidī, Kitāb al-Tavhid\n\n, p. 394 (Beirut 1970); Sonmez Kutlu,\n\nIslam Dusuncesinde Hadis Taraftarlari ve Īmān Anlayislari,\n\np. 123 (Ankara 1997).\n\n21 John Hick, “Faith”, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, III, 165; Richard Swinburne, Faith and Reason, p. 106 (New York 1983).\n\n22 William James, The Will to Believe, p. 14 (New York 1979); K. James Clark, Return to Reason, p. 103 (USA 1990); Armand Maurer, St. Thomas Aquinas, Faith, Reason and Theology, p. Int. XVIII (Manitoba 1987).\n\n23 P.K. Meagher, “faith”, New Catholic Encyclopedia, V, 798.\n\n24 Tillich, Dynamics of Faith p. 4.\n\n25 Tillich, ibid, p. 106.\n\n26 Tillich, Systematic Theology, III, 133 (USA und).\n\n27 Allport, Gordon W., The Individual and His Religion, p. 5 (New York 1950); comp. Ozbaydar, Belma,\n\nDin ve Tanrı Inancinin Gelismesi Uzerine Bir Arastirma\n\n, p. 8 (Istanbul 1970).\n\n28 W. James, ibid, p. 27.\n\n29 Tillich, Dynamics of Faith, p. 8.\n\n30 Cf. L. Gardet -G. Anawati, Introduction à la Théologie Musulmane, p. 460-461 (Paris 1948).\n\n31 Cf. Anawati, Mystique musulmane, p. 275-279 (Paris 1968).\n\n\nWork regarding this topic is seen in Ghazalī and Ibn Taymiyyah’s books. But scholars like Māturidī have briefly examined the topic (Cf. Kitāb al-Tavhid\n\n(ed. F. Hulayf, p. 4-5, 109-111).\n\n33 Tillich, Systematic Theology, III, 132.\n\n34 Ibn Taymiyyah,\n\n\n, p. 43, 127.\n\n\nİbn Manz\n\nūr, Lisān al-Arab, “rwd” art; Firūzābādi, “rwd” art.\n\n36 Terence Penelhum, Reason and Religious Faith, p. 41 (Oxford 1995).\n\n37 Louis P. Pojman, Religious Belief and the Will, p. 145 (New York 1986); John Hick, “Faith”, The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, III, 165; M.J. Meadow-R. Kahoe, Psychology of Religion, p. 187-188 (London 1984).\n\n38 Pojman, ibid, p. 146.\n\n39 Penelhum-Terence ibid, p. 39.\n\n40 Pojman, ibid, p. 63.\n\n\n\nŞharh al-'Aqa'id\n\n(ed. Ahmad H. Sakka); p. 82 (Cairo, 1988).\n\n\n\nibid, p. 82; Izutsu,\n\n\nām Dusuncesinde Īmān Kavrami (In Turkish. Salāhattin Ayaz), p. 170, (Istanbul 1984).\n\n\n\nibid, p. 82.\n\n44 Fakhr al-Din al-Razi,\n\nMafātih al-Ghayb\n\n(ed. M. M. Abdulhamid), XI, 75 (Beirut, 1962).\n\n45 Tillich, Dynamics of Faith, p. 7.\n\n46 David Krech,\n\nCemiyet İçinde Fert\n\n(in Turkish, Mumtaz Turhan, Istanbul 1970), I, 26.\n\n47 Ibn Furak,\n\n\narrad maqalāt al-As’ari\n\n, p. 152.\n\n\nİbn Taymiyyah, Al-\n\n\n(ed. Sayyid al\n\n-Jamili), p. 127-129 (Cairo 1993); Sayyid Sābik, al-Akāid\n\n, p. 79 (Beirut 1985).\n\n49 W. Houston Clark, The Psychology of Religion, p. 231 (USA 1961).\n\n50 Ibn Hazm, al-Fasl, III, 193 (Cairo 1899-1903); Nasafi,\n\nBahr al-Kalām\n\n, p. 23 (Konya 1327).\n\n51 Ash’ari,\n\n\n, p. 93; Cuvayni, al-Irshad, p. 335; Ghazali,\n\n‘Ihyā, II,19; Teftazānī, Sharh al-Maqāsid\n\n, V, 211.\n\n\nPazdawī, Usūl al-Din\n\n, (ed. Hans Peter Linss, Cairo 1963), p. 153.\n\n53 Hassan Hanafi, Min al-‘Aqida ila thavra V, 143 (Cairo 1988).\n\n54 M. Nur Topcuoglu, Basinda Reklam ve Tuketim Olgusu, p. 16 (Ankara 1996); Sedat Cereci, Buyulu Kutu Buyulenmis Toplum, p. 55 (Istanbul 1992).\n\n55 Topcuoglu, ibid., p. 219.\n\n56 Mevlut Kaya, Din Egitiminde Iletisim ve Dini Tutum Bazi Cevre Faktorlerinin Dini Tutum Uzerindeki Etkisi, p. 220 (Samsun 1998).\n\n\nMuslim, “Qadar”, 6. Bukhāri, “Janāiz”, 80, 93; Abū Dāwud, “Sunnah”, 17.\n\n58 Ghazali, Ihy\n\n\n' 'ulum al-Din, I, 162; Cf. Brown, William Adams, Pathways to Certanity, p. 52 (London 1930).\n\n59 Cf. Akcay, Mustafa, Cagdas Dunyada Insan ve Dini Sorumlulugu, p. 68-72 (Istanbul 2000).\n\n60 Bilgin, Beyza – Selcuk, Mualla, Din Ogretimi, p. 201 (Ankara 1991).\n\n\nAbū Dāwud, “Adab”, 16; Tirmidhi, “Zuhd”, 45.\n\n62 Ghazali\n\nal-Munqiz min al-Dalāl\n\n, p. 25-26 (Beirut 1987).\n\n63 J. J. Rousseau, Emil (Tr. H.Ziya Ulken, Istanbul 1956), p. 260.\n\n64 Rousseau , ibid, p. 303.\n\n65 Rousseau , ibid, p. 314.\n\n66 Ronald J.-Janet S. Schwartz, Sociology, p. 477 (Canada 1983).\n\n67 L.B. Brown–D. J. Pallant, “Religious Belief and Social Pressure”, Psychology and Religion, p. 282 (G. Britain 1973).\n\n68 Alan Bullock- Oliver Stallybrass, The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought, “cognition” art. (G. Britain 1977).\n\n69 Sibel Arkonac, Sosyal Psikoloji, p. 80 (Istanbul 1993).\n\n70 Penelhum, Terence, Problems of Religious Knowledge\n\n, p. 131-132; Ilhami Guler, “Kur’an’da Īmānin ve Inkarin Ahlaki Bilissel (Kognitif) Temelleri”\n\nIslamiyat I, I (1998), p. 8.\n\n71 Krech, D. –Crutchfield, R.S., Sosyal Psikoloji Teori ve Problemler (in Turkish. Erol Gungor, Istanbul 1980), p. 222.\n\n72 According to Zamakhshar\n\n\n(d. 538/1144);” shakilah” is the cognitive form of a person’s faith accuring within axis of perversion and way of Islam (hidayeh) (Cf. al- Kasshaf, II, 373, Beirut 1980).\n\n73 Krech-Crutchfield, ibid, p. 222.\n\n74 Krech-Crutchfield, ibid, p. 111-113.\n\n75 John C. Condon, Kelimele\n\nrin Buyulu Dunyasi Anlambilim ve\n\n\n(Tr. Murat Ciftkaya, Istanbul 1995), p. 34-35.\n\n76 Fraser Watts–Mark Williams, The Psychology of Religious Knowing, p. 54 (G. B. 1988).\n\n77 Cf. Qur’an, 5:58, 103; 10:100.\n\n78 Cf. Qur’an 13:4; 16:12, 67; 29:35; 30:24, 28; 45:5.\n\n79 Cf. Qur’an 3:49; 15:77; 29:44; 45:3.\n\n80 Selim Aydin,\n\nBilgi Caginda İnsan\n\n, p. 82 (Izmir 1994).\n\n81 Krech-Crutchfield, ibid, p. 196.\n\n82 Kellenberger, ibid, p. 54.\n\n83 Fakhr al-Din al-Razi,\n\n\nātih al-‘Ghayb\n\nXIII, 41 (Cairo 1934-1962).\n\n84 In such commandments, there is a recommendation of being conscious by turning towards the truth (Q. 63:10).\n\n85 W.Houston Clark, The Psychology of Religion, p. 219.\n\n86 Hulya Alper,\n\nBir Kelam Pro\n\nblemi Olarak İmanin Psikolojik Yapisi\n\n, p. 230 (Istanbul 2000).\n\n87 Tillich, Dynamics of Faith, p. 6.\n\n88 Cf. Armand Maurer, St. Thomas Aquinas, Faith, Reason and Theology, p. Int. XVI-XVII (Manitoba 1987).\n\n89 Tillich, ibid, p. 37.\n\n\nBukhāri, “al-Anbiyā”; 8, 14, 19; “al-Manāqib”, 25; “al-Tafsīr”, Sūrah 12/2; Muslim, “al-Fadāil”, 168; Ahmad b. Hanbal IV, 14.\n\n91 Ghazali,\n\nal-Munqiz min al-dalāl\n\n, p. 25-26 (Beirut 1987).\n\n92 Cf. Ab\n\n\n\n\nwud, “Im\n\n\nn”, 1.\n\n93 Cf. Qur’an II, 243; VI, 116; VII, 187;XI, 17; XIII, 1; XXX, 30.\n\n\nCf. Ihami Guler, “Īmān ve Inkarin Ahlaki ve Kognitif Temelleri”, Islāmiyāt\n\nI (1988), 24.\n\nDostları ilə paylaş:\n\n©2018 Учебные документы\nРады что Вы стали частью нашего образовательного сообщества.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7407870888710022}
+{"content": "Introducing Otis Bruno. Otis is an artist on the fast track from Brooklyn, NY. His music is taking over club scenes and radio markets from New York to Florida. It all started with his single “Bophead.” It leaked, became a trending topic on Twitter, and the rest is history. Though Otis has seen some success within the Hip-Hop world before via his group Persona Non Grata also known as PNG. He ended up going solo after the group disbanded due to the unfortunate death of one of their members. His style has been described as unpredictable and splashy. He is currently linked up with Street Science Ent. and is now on a campaign for his upcoming project, New World Aura. Otis’s hope for his new project is that it brings listeners a better understanding of him and provides something fresh for the world of Hip-Hop.\n\n\nOtis is kicking off the promotion of his pending project with the release of the single / video, “Hunnids.” The single was produced by Money Moss. The production is incredible. It is made up of a healthy bass, slick rhythm, and hood vibe. The hook is acceptable. The delivery is distinguishable and the lyrics are self-explanatory. The verses are competent. Otis brings an enterprising flow, consistent wordplay, and moderate rhymes. He does an effective job of discussing his sentiments about the all mighty dollar. Overall, this is a pretty honorable offering. The visuals are a product of G Films. The premise for the video is cinematic in nature and entails the themes of: money, lust, and greed. There are some aesthetically pleasing solo shots of Otis as well. As a whole, the video too is a chief piece of work.\n\n**My Two Cents: I certainly get why Otis Bruno is making so much noise in the clubs and on the radio.  He has a catchy style and his pen game is pretty tight. Would definitely love to hear what he can do on some more versatile style cuts. For more with the emerging talent, check out his website or follow him on Twitter. -MinM", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6403990387916565}
+{"content": "All posts by airambulance\n\nAir Ambulance Companies Vs Insurance Companies – the Tug-of-War Continues\n\nWe have been citing the reluctance of insurance companies to revise their payment charts, in keeping with the time and also several air ambulance companies that simply refuse to budge down when it comes to the pricing.\n\nThis time around, Missouri Insurance Department has come up with a report that reveals, on an average, people of Missouri are paying about USD 20,000 for an air ambulance services. Of course, this is a whopping price for a common person, not just in the state but anywhere in the world. The report further said that close to USD 26 million was billed by air ambulance companies in the year 2017. Of this, 12.4 million is what people had to bear, taking into consideration deductibles and co-pays.\n\nDoes the Report Vilify Air Ambulance Companies?\n\nThis was a question that air ambulance industry advocates would raise without a doubt and not for any frivolous reasons. Balance Billing, which forces patients to pay the amount when insurance companies refuse to clear the air ambulance bills, had no mention in the report. The reason stated for this was ‘insufficient data’.  One could even say that the lack of this data, sort of makes the report a little lopsided.\n\nHigh Fixed Cost was Cited by Air Ambulance Companies\n\nOne aspect that should be appreciated about the air ambulance companies is that they have not shied away from saying the amounts charged to the patients are pretty steep. They have also expressed their helplessness in containing this, as the fixed costs of maintaining a medical flight is very high. However, what goes against the favor of some air ambulance companies is the fact that they are unwilling to come in the network of insurance providers.\n\nAs we have always stated, the air ambulance industry and the insurance industry need to come together to find a middle path, so that the common person does not have to bear the burden of huge bills.\n\nWhy are Medical Flight Services Expensive?\n\nIt has almost become a norm to blame organizations that offer medical flight services but not many people take the time or the effort to understand why they charge so steeply. While it cannot be denied that there is a definite profit motive as these are commercially operated organizations, there is more to their expenses than what meets the eye. The costs are not simply limited to the fuel that is utilized, there are far wider factors in play that push the costs up and we explore some of these.\n\nThe Major Expenses that All Medical Flight Services Must Meet\n\nTypically, an air ambulance does not undertake more than three missions in a day. For the rest of the time, this highly expensive machine is simply forced to sit idle. Moreover, it does not fly a single mission several days in a year. While this is a fact, the cost of the funds raised to acquire it continues to compound. Same is the case with the base; medical flight services need a place to park the choppers and fixed-wing aircrafts throughout the year and the rent is, obviously, an added cost that needs to be borne.\n\nThe Expenses of Maintaining a Highly Qualified Team\n\nHighly experienced pilots, paramedics, nurses and the technicians are just some of the staff members that medical flight services need to hire. Then, there are support staff, operational staff and the management staff too.\n\nUtmost care is taken to ensure that the crew is properly rested. This translates into stipulated work hours regardless of there being a call for medical flight services or not. Of course, many of the crew members also take care of other duties while the air ambulance is docked; nevertheless, it is an expensive affair. Constant upgrades and training are other sources of expense, not to forget the expenses of remaining compliant with ever-changing regulations.\n\nTackling Psychosis on Air Ambulance\n\nPsychosis can be a real problem for air ambulance professionals as they try to offer the best possible care during transport. Most often, specialists are relied upon to care for such patients during air ambulance travel. However, there are often cases where psychosis is simply a result of the situation that the patient is in and not necessarily a pre-existing condition. Therefore, the air ambulance professionals do not necessarily have any means to expect a situation like this. The reasons for the condition may be several and the response can vary from case to case. We look at some of such scenarios and discuss the best way to handle them.\n\nDrug-Induced Psychosis on Air Ambulance\n\nCrystal meth, cocaine, and a few designer drugs can induce severe psychosis in patients where they exhibit paranoid and panicky behaviour. The first course of action in such cases is administration of an antipsychotic drug. Restraints are not usually necessary unless the patient needs immediate IV medication. In such cases, a mild manual restraint is, most often, enough. However, unexpected display of physical strength during psychosis can warrant more effective and long- lasting restraints until hospital care is made available. The air ambulance professionals, in such instances, must ensure that the pulmonary function of the patient is not compromised in any way owing to the restraints.\n\nHanding Patients with Pre-existing Mental Ailments\n\nAn example would be a schizophrenic who might need both medications and restraints to ensure smooth air ambulance travel. Usually, a qualified medical professional accompanies the patient in such situations. Then, there are also those patients who suffer from mild psychosis. The first approach to handle them is simply soothing words. Keeping such patients calm is often a matter of saying the right thing. Accompanying family members who know how to handle the patient are a huge help in cases like these.\n\nA Typical Day in the Life of Medical Flight Professionals\n\nThe life of medical flight professionals can be quite adrenaline pumped most of the time but that does not preclude them from the responsibilities that come with being a part of the air ambulance industry. The training, the safety measures and the need to be on the call all the time are just some of the tasks that they are expected to undertake. Of course, the gratitude that they receive for saving lives is an additional bonus that perhaps every medical flight professional enjoys. Most people who become a part of the air ambulance industry very well know that they are stepping into a high stress job.\n\nThe Routine Tasks of Medical Flight Professionals\n\nWhile the pilot is expected to run routine checks to keep the chopper health up, the medical flight crew members are required to ensure that all inventory and medical equipment are in place, the batteries are all charged up and basically ensure that all equipments are working fine so that they can effectively respond to emergencies. The station duties can range from keeping a tab on the blood fridge and logging fridge values to cleaning and taking out the trash. Each member assumes a responsibility when they are docked in the hangar.\n\nResponding to Emergencies\n\nWhile the medical flight professionals usually conduct several station duties, they subconsciously are always anticipating an emergency call. The moment it comes in, they are expected to leave everything and take up the duties that enable them to face the emergency effectively. They immediately do all that is needed to know about the patient health condition and equip the medical flight with all the necessities. The medical staff are alerted in the nearest appropriate hospital and logistics are quickly and efficiently taken care of. It should be noted that, in view of the fact that the entire routine is quite stressful, the crew is always allowed enough rest hours every day and are encouraged to get enough relaxation between shifts.\n\nPertinent Questions to Be Asked Before Airambulance Dispatch\n\nThe questions that we discuss in this guide are primarily related to motor vehicle accidents. It must be noted that this is just a suggestive guide and only briefly looks into the various aspects that need to be covered when answering initial calls for airambulance dispatch. Most of the times, the calls are routed to airambulance service providers by emergency services. However, on rare occasions, calls may be made directly to the service providers. This guide may be helpful to an extent in situations like these.\n\nInitial Questions to be Asked When a Request for Airambulance is Made\n\nAfter a brief introduction and convincing the caller help is already on the way and that the call is in no way delaying the emergency response, attempts must be made to gain information regarding the motor vehicle accident victims. The caller should be asked whether he or she is still on the scene and whether the caller can see the patient. If the answer is negative, it is better to terminate the call and answer other calls pertaining to the same incident. However, if the answer comes in the positive, a different approach with a different set of questions must be followed.\n\nThe Subsequent Questions to be Asked\n\nThe person who calls the airambulance must be asked to quickly narrate what has transpired. Stock must be taken of the number of casualties and the caller must be asked where the patient is at the current time. Additionally, questions pertaining to the incident, in specific, must be asked. These could include the speed of the vehicle during the crash, the surface that the patient has fallen on, whether the patient is trapped, whether there are any burn injuries, etc. Apart from this, questions that are specific to the patient’s condition must be asked. These could be whether the patient is conscious and coherent, and whether the patient is breathing normally.\n\nQuestions like these will help you ascertain the seriousness of the situation and whether any ancillary services are required.\n\nCategorizing Reasons Why a Medical Flight Cannot Respond to Calls At Times\n\nThere are several terms used to describe a situation where a medial flight does not arrive even after a call. The reasons behind this could be several but it is important to categorize these using appropriate terminologies so that an organization that owns the medical flights can optimize and also gauge its effectiveness. It makes gathering of meaningful data easy. Let’s explore these terminologies in some detail.\n\nCancelled Medical Flight Calls\n\nThe category ‘cancelled’ should only be used to describe those situations where the medical flight has taken off, but it is asked to return when it is en route to the patient’s location. The reason behind this could be demise of the subject that warranted the air ambulance service in the first place or a change in situation where it is felt that the medical condition is not serious enough to warrant a medical flight.\n\nStand Down of a Medical Flight\n\nWhen the risk of flying to a particular location is too high, the mission to serve the patient is usually abandoned. All such instances must be categorized under ‘stand downs’. This directly affects the dispatch rate but it is a call that must be taken keeping the safety of the crew in mind.\n\nAborted Missions\n\nThe decision to abort a medical flight mission is usually only taken when the weather condition is too harsh to fly. Missions can also be aborted owing to mechanical problems or inability to fly during bad light.\n\nOnce all the missed flights are segregated in the above categories, it becomes easy for the medical flight service provider to gauge what is causing the changes in the dispatch rates. Any areas of improvement such as night vision must be dealt with so that superior service and better dispatch rate can be achieved. The categorization also helps medical flight organizations to set targets and better organize themselves.\n\nFactors that Determine the Need for Medical Flight Service\n\nAs we have time and again discussed, the decision to avail a medical flight service, most often, is in the hands of the treating physician and the patient has little say in it. However, it is always good to have the knowledge of what constitutes a medical necessity for availing an air ambulance service.\n\nCriticality of Time and Treatment Facility\n\nIn a situation where the injury or health condition is serious enough that immediate medical attention is warranted and an air ambulance can cut down the travel time greatly, such a service becomes a necessity. It also becomes a necessity when the medical facility in which the patient is receiving treatment is not equipped enough to handle the patient’s condition. The patient may be in need of immediate advanced medical care.\n\nAccessibility to Ground Ambulance and Availability of Medical Flight Service\n\nCertain areas, especially rural, might not have the land infrastructure to transport the patient. In such cases, if a medical flight service becomes available right away, it can be a real life saver. For a medical helicopter, all it takes is a helipad, which most hospitals have today.\n\nDoes the Local Ground Transport Leave the Local Area with Inadequate Coverage?\n\nThis is an important question that needs to be answered. Rural towns, often have just one or two air ambulances for the entire community. Shifting a patient to a medical facility that is quite a distance from the home base can leave the local community without adequate emergency medical access. A medical flight may be opted in a situation like this.\n\nMedical Facility Available in the Transport Vehicle\n\nGround ambulance may lack in certain critical care equipment that are available in a medical flight service. In a situation like that, even if time is not a factor, the patient might still be transported via a medical flight service.\n\nTravel Insurance and Air Ambulance Cost Coverage\n\nFar too many people stuck overseas are reaching out to the world for money through crowd funding. Some even might say that crowd funding for rescue is being viewed as ‘insurance’ coverage in case anything goes wrong, especially when the emergency involves air ambulance transport across borders. While the world community must be appreciated for showing concern and extending a helping hand, international travellers too must take precautions to avoid giving rise to such situations in the first place. Here, we touch upon certain details pertaining to travel insurance and air ambulance coverage that people travelling abroad must keep in mind.\n\nAdventure, Insurance and Air Ambulance – the Three Main Factors\n\nMost travel-related injuries occur when adventure activities go wrong. However, adventure, most often, is the motivating factor for international travellers. Even though most of the travellers understand the importance of insurance and go for one, certain nuances are sometimes ignored. For instance, if you are headed for a skiing adventure in the Swiss Alps, you must make certain that the travel insurance covers that sport in particular. Also, one needs to know whether the coverage is for local care or air ambulance evacuation too, and if the evacuation is covered, then to what extent.\n\nTravellers Must Discuss Health Concerns with their Travel Agents\n\nWhile online research is an excellent place to start, it should not be considered a substitute to the insight that a travel agent can provide. Discuss different insurances, the activity you plan to indulge in, the coverage and air ambulance evacuation. Go for the right balance of travel cost and health care assurance. While measures like crowd funding may rescue you, the hassles of raising money and the worries that come along, can be quite harrowing. The effort taken to research and purchase travel insurance goes a long way to bring you a tension-free adventure.\n\nChallenges Involved in Starting an Air Ambulance Business\n\nAir ambulance service, as a business, is not short of challenges, budget being the first concern but not the least of it. A good business plan that lays out the path to profitability can easily attract investors. However, there are other challenges that are seldom looked into by most entrepreneurs. Here, we discuss some of those road blocks in some detail.\n\nUnderstanding the Legislations Across the World\n\nThe air ambulance industry in the US, as most experts opine, is pretty saturated. It is, therefore, recommended that entrepreneurs target the global market. This necessitates looking into legislations that govern the land. While the norms in most developed, capitalistic countries are similar, they can vary a lot when it comes to developing countries and socialistic policies too can pose some government roadblocks. It is wise to employ an array of consultants to overcome this hurdle.\n\nProvision of Round the Clock Air Ambulance Services\n\nFailure to respond to emergencies can leave your organization with negative public perception problem. To ensure that air ambulance services are always available throughout the year, it is necessary to make arrangements to be available throughout all weather conditions. Also, medical staff needs to be on standby at all times, even though this means additional overheads. Most air ambulance companies overcome this problem by transferring this overhead costs to the end consumer. However, the wisest thing to do is introduce memberships for nominal fees. Efforts must be made to remain ‘in coverage’ of insurance networks so that reimbursements are seamless.\n\nAcquiring Air Ambulance Fleet and Keeping the Staff Well Trained\n\nAir ambulance industry demands seasoned, qualified professionals and it’s hard to find people who fit this criterion. Plus, there is the issue of ongoing training to the staff. Accredited training organizations must be looped in to meet this challenge. Lack of ongoing training can impact the quality of services immensely.\n\n\n\nThe Concept to Support Air Ambulance Services to be Presented Soon\n\n\nThe Future of the Drone Research\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5343983769416809}
+{"content": "so the chocolate milk did help as well as getting out of the office for lunch.\nit always helps to get some fresh air.\nit's always sweet to pull up to a parking meter that still has 52 minutes left on it.\nIt's always awesome to walk into the kitchen and find pastries from the good bakery.\nIt's always comforting to know time can only move forward, even if it's slower some days.\n\nready for an SC stampede?\n\nE1277471989 E1277473040 E1277490134 E1277490218 And my layouts for July:\n\n111509809 111509810 111509811 111509812 111509814 This last one is my least favorite layout. It feels incomplete and thrown together. I do love the journaling and the photo so I think I'll re-work it later this week.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999871850013733}
+{"content": "\n\nPublic use evidence presents difficulties in invalidation proceedings\n\nJun Qiu of Liu Shen & Associates analyses the difficulties of presenting acceptable public use evidence and details the PRB’s requirements for such evidence\n\nIn an invalidation proceeding at the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA), prior art evidence typically includes two forms of evidence: publication evidence and public use evidence. However, public use evidence is much less popular than publication evidence due to difficulties in proving publicness, the publication date and the integrity of the evidence chain. As a result, it is a challenge for practitioners to utilise this type of evidence effectively in China in circumstances where publication evidence is lacking.\n\nRequirements for public use evidence\n\nAccording to the Guidelines for Examination of the CNIPA, public use evidence must satisfy the following conditions:\n\n  • Public use includes an act of manufacture, use, sale, import, exchange, demonstration, exhibit or giving as a present etc.\n  • The publicness of a public act is dependent on public availability of evidence, not actual knowledge of such evidence by the public. Even public production or sales of a product in small quantity can constitute public use. However, technical information about products exchanged in a closed confidential environment which is not available to the public, such as during collaborative development, cannot be considered as an act of public use, no matter the frequency or scale of such an act.\n  • Demonstration of a product does not necessarily disclose the structure of a product or composition of a material, but the sale or use of a product or an apparatus can be considered an act of public use for the structure and functions, even if such information could only be extracted by destructive measures.\n\nFor example, if an external photo of a product predates the filing date of a patent, claiming detailed internal structure of the product, such a photo alone is not an effective piece of public use evidence, since such a photo does not reveal any internal structural details of the product. However, if such a product was sold to a customer before the filing date of the patent, such an act might be considered as public use evidence, since the product could be subjected to any reverse engineering measures to reveal the information.\n\nIn another example of a well-known decision 4W105655 of the Patent Reexamination Board (PRB) in 2007, the petitioner stated that a clinical trial predating the filing date of a pharmaceutical patent should be considered as an act of public use. The PRB disagreed. It held that during the clinical trial, a doctor or a pharmacist administers the medicine to a patient in order to test the effect of the treatment. Based on such a purpose, the doctor or the pharmacist typically does not perform additional tests to obtain structural information about the medicine in addition to the information disclosed in the spec. It is even less likely that the patient under the treatment could perform such a test. Therefore, the clinical trial does not necessarily constitute an act of public use.\n\nIn a nutshell, no matter the type of act that discloses the information, an act can only be considered as an act of public use, if the act can make the technical information contained in the patent available to the public. The mere knowledge of existence of such technical information alone does not constitute public use.\n\nRegional restrictions of previous patent law\n\nThe Patent Law of China was amended in 2008, changing from a relative novelty standard to an absolute novelty standard. According to the amendment, for any Chinese patents filed before October 1 2009, an act which amounts to public use is restricted to a domestic region. The act must take place within Chinese jurisdiction. However, for Chinese patents filed on or after October 1 2009, there is no regional restriction for public use.\n\nFor example, even if a product was sold in a foreign market outside China before the filing date, such evidence cannot be used to nullify a Chinese patent with a similar technical solution and a filing date before October 1 2009.\n\nPractical tips for PRB proceedings\n\nFor public use evidence in invalidation proceedings before the PRB, the facts that must be proved include:\n\n  • publicness of the technical solution of the patent; and\n  • act of public use predating the filing date of the patent.\n\nIn practice, the evidence chains for the above two acts are often broken due to various defects either in individual evidence or in the nexus between different evidence. Therefore, the petitioner needs to be creative in evidence preparation in order to increase the credibility of public use evidence.\n\nThe most common scenario in which public use evidence would arise in an invalidation proceeding is when a petitioner claims that a party sold a product containing the technical solution of a targeted patent before the filing date of the patent, and provides the product or the technical drawings bearing the technical solution. In such a case, the facts below need to be proved.\n\n1. Determination of sale date\n\nThe petitioner often can find a product labelled with a date. However, such a date on either a nameplate or a tag without clear definition of a sale date cannot be considered a sale date. In most circumstances, it might be a date of manufacture, maintenance or inventory. In such cases, a combination of a dated sale contract and invoice(s) with dates later than the contract date can clearly prove the date of the sale. However, if the contract and invoice are not available, the petitioner would need to look for additional evidence from third parties with credibility, such as the bank or customs. For example, such evidence includes bank transfer vouchers, custom clearance forms, or records from a state certification agency.\n\n2. Determination of sale\n\nThe petitioner often provides a sale contract for proving the act of sale. However, if such a contract is only an agreement of intent such as a price agreement, the contract alone cannot prove the actual delivery of the products referenced in the contract. Therefore, the PRB prefers a purchase and sale contract containing details such as specific type, quantity and amount of money, with other complementary evidence such as invoices, receipts and inventory records, as this evidence could form a good evidence chain for proving the act of sale.\n\n3. Consistency between product and product referenced in sale\n\nThe petitioner further needs to prove that the product or the drawing embodying the claimed technical solution of the patent is consistent with the products referenced in the evidence for proving the date of sale, such as a sale contract.\n\nIf the purchase and sale contract includes a technical drawing of the product, it would be easy for the petitioner to establish the connection. However, in most cases, the petitioner can only provide the product in addition to the evidence, such as invoices or receipts for proving the date of sale. In this case, the petitioner needs to provide further evidence to show that the relevant part of the product sealed up during evidence collection is not changed or substituted when compared with the product at the time of the sale. Such further evidence could be warranty cards free of repair records, a statement from the customer stating the same, or a product that is still sealed from the time of the sale.\n\n4. Reasonable defects in evidence\n\nIn some circumstances, the PRB might affirm the public use evidence even if there are some defects in the individual evidence or in the evidence chain.\n\nFor example, during evidence collection, there are different evidence sources which might lead to slight differences in product information regarding product details in the evidence chain. For instance, the product model type in the purchase and sale agreement might not be exactly the same as the product model type written in the invoice or labelled in the nameplate of the product. However, as long as this slight difference in details between evidence complies with common commercial practice, the difference will be considered a reasonable defect permitted by the PRB, taking into account the difficulty of obtaining evidence and the degree of collaboration between various parties in commercial practice.\n\n\nIn another example, for the sale of consumer products, in most cases, the product would not be delivered to the customer with an accompanying drawing showing the technical contents of the product. Most of the customers will not keep the warranty card after the warranty period. In this case, if the petitioner can only provide a product as a piece of public use evidence, it would be difficult for the petitioner to prove that there is no change in the product from the date of the sale until the date of collecting the evidence. In such instances, the petitioner can consider circumstantial evidence which has credibility. For example, the petitioner can obtain multiple products from different geographical locations and different third party sources. Although the petitioner cannot prove directly that the products have not changed since the date of the sale, if all the products from different locations and sources have the same structure, the PRB might reach the conclusion that the products are not likely to have changed since the date of the sale, thereby affirming the authenticity of the public use evidence. The petitioner might also consider seeking a collaborative statement from the customers in order to increase the weight of the proof.\n\nIn a further example, a petitioner provides a purchase and sale contract of a product without any technical drawings of the product. If the product was actually manufactured by a third party, the petitioner could ask the third party to provide a technical drawing of the product with a collaborative statement that the product was manufactured based on the drawing. In such circumstances, the PRB might affirm the authenticity of the public use evidence if there is no counter evidence.\n\nUtilising public use evidence in Chinese invalidation proceedings is difficult in practice, but it might be decisive for difficult cases where publication evidence is not readily available. In such circumstances, the petitioner has to be creative in preparing public use evidence in order to satisfy the requirements of the PRB as well as finding connections between collaborative evidence based on the commercial practice of the industry in order to increase the credibility of public use evidence. The PRB public use evidence requirements also demand manufacturers and vendors in the market to regulate their documents of sale during their daily business operations and to keep relevant records intact in order to defend their lawful rights and interests when under threat from a patent infringement lawsuit.\n\nJun Qiu\n  Mr Jun QIU is an attorney at law and patent attorney in China, and a partner at Liu Shen & Associates. Mr QIU specialises in patent litigation, invalidation and dispute resolution before SIPO and the courts, and advises on IP strategies and patent due diligence work. Mr QIU works in fields such as semiconductor processing, lithography, display technology, materials, medical apparatus and mechanical engineering. He also presents on various topics regarding Chinese patent litigation in international IP conferences. Mr QIU graduated from Tsinghua University with a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in engineering. He also studied and worked at the University of Michigan and graduated from John Marshall Law School with a Master of Laws degree.\n\n\nMore from the Managing IP blog\n\nnull null null\n\nnull null null\n\n\nNovember / December 2018\n\nThe 50 most influential people in IP\n\n\nMost read articles", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6977801322937012}
+{"content": "Carrington Dresser and Mirror\n\nWrite a Review\n\nThe Carrington Bedroom is a classic romantic design. It is displayed in a Vintage Cohiba Finish. The handsome Dresser and Mirror displays delicate carvings that will add elegance to your bedroom. \n\n  • It is optional to purchase the Mirror and Dresser separately or together.\n\nDimensions: W50.4” D18.4” H30.4”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7394242286682129}
+{"content": "CustomGlobalHealth 1.0.1\n\nEdit the amount of hearts easily!\n\n  1. Norska\n    CGlobalHealth is a handy tool that can be used by server admins to quickly change the default amount of hearts players have. The plugin features a system that makes it easier to set the custom hearts amount. For example:\n\n    /globalhealth set 10 - Will set the hearts to 10 and not 5 like other plugins work.\n    /globalhealth set 20 - Will set the hearts to 20 and not 10 and so on . . .\n\n    Furthermore, the heart updates are dynamic meaning no relogging is required. You can change the amount of hearts via the config.yml or in-game commands for ease!\n\n    Command Aliases:\n    /cgh, /globalhealth\n\n    ➤ /globalhealth - Hub Command!\n    ➤ /globalhealth version - View the plugin's version!\n    ➤ /globalhealth reload - Reload the plugin!\n\n    ➤ /globalhealth set [positive number] (fill) - Change default amount of hearts!\n    * [positive number] = required\n    * (fill) = optional. Fill , will fill up the health of the players once the amount of hearts has changed!\n\n    ➤ customglobalhealth.use - (Permission to use all commands)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8138501048088074}
+{"content": "Room’s Favourite Female Gothic Writers\n\nPosted by \nAlissa McArthur and Rose Morris\n\nThe gothic novel originated in the 18th century with Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto and the genre—characterized by its vivid imagery, mysterious villains, and spooky other-worldliness—has remained popular to this day. Historically regarded as a “feminine” genre due to its popularity among Victorian women, writers have often used gothic tropes to explore transgressive ideas about gender and sexuality. Modern writers have embraced the genre to consider various social and historical issues including colonial violence and traumatic memory.\n\n\nAnn Radcliffe\n\nThe Mysteries of Udolpho Ann Radcliffe book\n\nAnn Radcliffe’s The Mysteries of Udolpho is probably most famous for being the novel that inspired Jane Austen’s wonderful gothic parody, Northanger Abbey. However, Udolpho should also be appreciated in its own right. Published in the 1790s, this is the novel that popularized the genre and made the word “gothic” a household term. The novel revolves around protagonist Emily’s trials and tribulations after the death of her parents, which include a journey through the picturesque landscapes of Europe, a forbidden love affair, an oblivious aunt, a blood-thirsty uncle, and a stint in a haunted castle. Emily struggles through understanding grief, fear, and love as she transitions from a child to an adult.\n\nThis is the kind of novel you can get absolutely lost in. Radcliffe’s vivid descriptions make you feel like you are travelling the French countryside alongside Emily, and later like you are locked in a haunted dungeon with her. The artful blend of terror and beauty in this novel has had an incredible impact on gothic writers since, and is a must-read for gothic junkies and Austen fans alike.\n\n\nJane Austen\n\nJane Austen’s Northanger Abbey (1817) is a brilliant study in the gothic. A pastiche of the gothic genre—particularly parodying Radcliffe’s The Mysteries of Udolpho—this novel both makes fun of the gothic and celebrates it. Northanger Abbey follows a young woman’s experience visiting the city for the first time and her journey of self-discovery. The heroine, Catherine Morland, is an avid reader of the gothic and finds herself imagining eerie plots all around her, to the point where, when visiting the family of her paramour, she begins to believe that she is being held captive by a grisly murderer!\n\nThe thing I love so much about Northanger Abbey is that it playfully makes fun of the gothic novel while at the same time using the genre to create a truly gripping story. I’m also enamoured by the fact that the heroine is intentionally unremarkable. Catherine is particularly plain in looks, and she is not especially wealthy nor is she a poor outcast. She is simply a regular teenage girl, who occasionally gets caught up in her own fantasies. And then there’s Henry Tilney. Henry’s witty banter and agreeable nature gives him a very realistic feel, and makes him my personal favourite Austen gentleman (yes, I’d even pick him over Darcy!).\n\n\nEmily Brontë\n\nThe Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne, all wrote memorable novels that are still widely read. Many would argue Charlotte’s Jane Eyre is the best of the Brontës. But it’s the middle sister, Emily, who holds a special place in my heart for her outrageous and utterly bizarre gothic masterpiece Wuthering Heights (1847). Just a year after her only novel was published, Emily died of tuberculosis at age 30, leaving behind one of the strangest and most enduring novels in the English language.\n\nYes, Wuthering Heights is over-the-top. There’s little Victorian propriety to be found in Brontë’s novel. It’s packed with open cruelty and abuse, deception, flagrant sexuality, racism, religious hypocrisy, class mobility, grave digging, madness, illness, and yes, a ghost. Heathcliff and Catherine’s intense relationship is as abusive and dysfunctional as it is romantic—and it’s completely enthralling. But instead of stretching their love story over the whole novel, Brontë abruptly cuts it off and takes things in an even weirder direction. In the second half, Brontë introduces a second generation of characters that play out a strange and muted echo of their parents’ doomed love lives. Wuthering Heights flouts conventions in the best way, and it’s unlike any other novel I’ve read. Many filmmakers have tried to capture the eeriness of Wuthering Heights, but maybe it’s best expressed through interpretive dance.\n\n\nPatricia Highsmith\n\nMy personal favourite neo-gothic novel has got to be Patricia Highsmith’s Strangers on a Train (1950). When two strangers, Guy Haines and Charles Bruno, meet by chance on a train and have a conversation about the people in their lives they could do without—Haines’s estranged wife and Bruno’s father. The men discuss the concept of the “perfect murder,” wherein Haines would murder Bruno’s father and Bruno would murder Haines’s wife, thus leaving the police baffled since neither murderer would have a traceable connection to their victim. One of the men takes this conversation to be nothing but hypothetical fancy, while the other takes it rather more seriously. Before you know it, the two men are deeply entrenched in a cycle of murder, blackmail, and madness. The delicious evilness of Bruno’s character coupled with his Freudian obsessions and his odd relatability makes him my favourite gothic villain, and, although the novel is set in 1940s New York, Highsmith manages to evoke the gothic setting in a way that feels modern, fresh, and oh-so-creepy.\n\n\nDionne Brand\n\nCanadian novelist, poet, and critic Dionne Brand has often turned to the gothic to explore issues of memory and trauma related to colonialism, racism, gender, and sexuality. As literary scholar Cynthia Sugars studies in her book Canadian Gothic, racialized writers such as Brand have used gothic writing to interrogate Canadian and colonial history: “the ghosts of Canada’s past, and the Gothic literary tradition itself, are themselves haunted, and sometimes trumped, by unacknowledged spectres that persist into the present.”\n\nIn her 1999 novel At the Full and Change of the Moon, Brand explores the reverberating aftereffects of slavery and colonialism through the transmission of traumatic memory. The novel begins with a Trinidadian slave named Marie Ursule, who orchestrates a slave revolt through mass suicide, but not before sending her daughter Bola away with the child’s father. Marie Ursule casts a spell that will scatter Bola and her many descendants around the world and into the future, far away from slavery in Trinidad. Yet Bola’s progeny are continually haunted by the past—in memories, dreams, and by ghosts. Brand uses a looping, non-chronological narrative structure that underscores the way the past never leaves us. As Bola tells her children, “‘Life will continue, … no matter what it seems, and even after that someone will remember you. And even after that it could be just the whiff or thought of things you loved.” The characters haunted me, too—by the time I finished reading, I felt deeply entwined in the lives of Marie Ursule’s family. Densely lyrical and deeply affecting, this multigenerational epic explores haunting as a way of acknowledging and remembering historical violence.\n\n\nFor more of our favourite gothic writers, including Hiromi Goto, Nalo Hopkinson, and Eden Robinson, see 8 Canadian Gothic Books To Inspire You For Our Next Themed Issue.\n\nAlissa McArthur and Rose Morris are editorial board members of the Growing Room Collective.\n\n\n\n\n\nCurrently on Newsstands\n\n  • Room 41.4, Emergence\n    Edited by Alissa McArthur\n\n    In this issue:\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9465965032577515}
+{"content": "I’m sorry it was at your expense.\n\nThank you for parking in your usual space. You backed into it with your Camaro, despite the fact that today it was blocked off with orange cones and yellow warning tape to prevent people from driving into any of the trenches that have been dug in front of the multi-units where work is to be done. I couldn’t stop you, because there was a car in front of me that you were blocking, and it seemed that you were simply inconsiderately holding up traffic to make a K-turn. But, in broad daylight, you were inconsiderate to your car, knocking over the cones, breaking the tape, and plowing over the trench until you were securely in your familiar space and the front of your car scraped bottom. Because, dammit, that’s where you always park.\n\nI said to myself, “I can’t fu**ing believe it! What an a**hole!”\n\nThen I saw the symbolism, and said:\n\n“But that’s what I do.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7159827351570129}
+{"content": "“Interstate with Billboard and Truck” by Robert Moran Isley\n\n$695.00 $347.50\n\n“Interstate with Billboard and Truck” by Robert Moran Isley. Oil on canvas.\n\nRobert Moran Isley is best known for his outdoors (plein-air) pieces, but all his paintings display a similar loose brushstroke and an exquisite understanding of light and composition. After receiving numerous scholarships and attending the prestigious Yale University summer session, Robert Moran Isley graduated with honors from Atlanta College of Art. He lives in Savannah and has been a full-time artist since 1990, exhibiting extensively in the southeast and showing in juried shows.\n\nThe artist expresses himself in his own words: “Drawing and painting have always played an important role in my life. First, by providing me a way of experiencing the world and finding my own place within it, and secondly, by giving me a means of expressing to others those things that have most profoundly impressed me. My process involves finding those objects, scenes, or lighting conditions that most perfectly resonate with an inner feeling or mood. It is an attempt to experience the object or scene directly, in and for itself, and then through painting, to communicate that experience as simply and straight-forwardly as possible.\n\nRobert’s paintings are mostly small – jewels, made of the many things ubiquitous to modern American life.  A refrigerator with family photos and calendars, a laundry room just prior to laundry day, cars parked under a street light.  With eyes that see the common with delight, Robert translates our world of traffic, pizza night and trash day into  well-ordered beauty.  We are allowed to share those simple homely memories, re-experiencing those moments we once let pass us by,  with the refreshed air of nostalgia.\n\nThat mission is evident in this piece.  Anyone who has driven the interstates in America knows that this is the landscape of the highway.  It could be any city or state, a lone eighteen wheel truck passing a vague billboard.  Isley captures the ordinary and is able to make it extraordinary and unique.  This is an observation from afar, off of the beaten path, yet something that resonates with everyone because it’s a scene of contemporary America.  He does not commit to one place or time.  The brushstrokes are bold in the sky and the trees with healthy green foliage. With fine brushstrokes, there is less detail of the truck and the billboard structure making them indefinite and timeless.\n\nThe piece is framed in solid wood without a mat, using the golden tones of the extended frame to surround the painting and introduce tones that are not seen in the painting.  Perfect for any decor or environment.\n\nFramed size: 14″ wide x 14″ high\n\n\n\nStart typing and press Enter to search", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5713412761688232}
+{"content": "Leaking Roof\n\nDo you have a leaky roof? Is water staining your walls and ceilings? Call Assurance Roofing right away at (502) 228-7717 for roof leak repair in Goshen and Louisville, KY.\n\nWhat to Do When You have a Roof Leak\n\nroof leak repairIf you see a little water dripping down the wall, that’s one thing. However, if you have an active, serious leak, the only thing you can do is damage control. The most important thing is to prevent further damage. If the leak seems minor, or only happens during the winter, call a roofer anyway. You might have ice dams or an unseen leak.\n\nWhen water is not yet leaking, but you see a stain or bulge in the ceiling, take action immediately. Get a bucket or trash can to contain the leak and move any furniture, rugs, etc. that could get damaged. If you can, throw a tarp over your wood or carpeted floors just in case. Then take a screwdriver and poke a hole in the middle of the bulge. This may seem counterproductive, but it will actually help release the water instead of letting it build up to a more serious problem.\n\nLocating a roof leak can be very difficult, as water can travel quite far from the source. Check your attic for any signs of wet insulation, mild, or wood rot. If there are ice and snow on your roof, check for ice dams in your gutters. These walls of ice can hold melting snow against your roof, which can get under your shingles and cause extensive damage.\n\nYour Roof Leak Experts\n\nCall Assurance Roofing today at (502) 228-7717 for fast, affordable roof leak repair in Goshen and Louisville, KY today! Our team has extensive experience when it comes to repairing roofs, so don’t panic if you are having a problem. Give us a call right away if you find a leak!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9525949358940125}
+{"content": "Global Market Outlook 2018: Global Multi Asset Income\n\nGlobal Market Outlook 2018 - Global Multi Asset\n\nEugene Philalithis, Lead Portfolio Manager of the Multi Asset Income franchise at Fidelity International tells why he believes US still matters most for 2018.\n\nView Transcript\n\nI’m Eugene Philalithis, Lead Manager of the Multi Asset Income franchise at Fidelity.\n\nI have 20 years of investment experience, 10 of which at Fidelity, and I manage in excess of $18 billion.\n\nIn terms of my outlook for 2018, if we start from this year it’s been surprising how calm markets have been in the face of Federal Reserve raising rates, or lots of economic uncertainty and geopolitical uncertainty.\n\nHowever, if growth continues to be strong we could see central banks starting to remove some accommodation and support for the economy.\n\nIf this happens in the context of strong global growth it will be good for growth assets like equities, especially if the earnings continue to come through, but asset classes like high quality government bonds could find this environment challenging and may underperform a bit.\n\nStrong global growth will support the credit cycle further, and high yield could continue to deliver income-like returns, although with less potential for capital appreciation.\n\nI think the one thing that could surprise investors next year is inflation.\n\nThe market is pricing quite a benign outlook for the Federal Reserve, based on a subdued inflation outlook, however if inflation does return, and we’ve seen the labour market in the US tighten, this could lead to wage inflation which could lead to goods’ price inflation.\n\nIf that does happen, and the market isn’t prepared for that, then this could affect high quality government bonds, US Treasuries, even European government bonds.\n\nBut the other impact is on the US dollar, and more rate hikes by the Federal Reserve will lead to a stronger US dollar, which could have an impact on local currency emerging markets in particular.\n\nThis could create some volatility around that type of environment, however we still think the fundamentals for local currency emerging markets look good next year.\n\nIn terms of where we see opportunities for next year, we will continue with our strategy of balancing growth assets and defensive assets in the portfolio.\n\nOn the growth side we particularly favour financial, such as banks, both on the debt and on the equity side.\n\nThis is a sector, an asset class that can perform well in an interest rate rising environment.\n\nOn the other hand, if we do see central banks react more aggressively to higher inflation or very strong growth, then this could have an impact on growth, and so the defensive assets in our portfolio will be there to balance that risk.\n\nAnd we will continue to add to our defensive assets like US Treasuries or government bonds, opportunistically at good levels in case that scenario materialises.\n\nYou may also be interested in\n\nUS stocks up late on report US may cut Chinese tariffs; jobless claims and manufacturing survey both better than expected\n\nUS stocks advanced Thursday, with much of the progress coming later in the session after a report suggested US officials may reduce tariffs on Chinese goods. Economic data published earlier in the day were broadly positive. The Dow closed 0.7 percent higher on the day, as did the Nasdaq, with the S&P gaining 0.8 percent.\n\nUS stocks rise after banks beat earnings estimates; UK government survives confidence vote but Brexit path still unclear\n\nUS stocks advanced Wednesday, with solid earnings from banks providing much of the momentum. The Dow closed 0.6 percent higher on the day, with the S&P and the Nasdaq both gaining 0.2 percent.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9216835498809814}
+{"content": "Challenge Fund - About the Challenges\n\n\nThe challenges of this year’s Challenge Fund call are focused on high-impact activities that will promote the creation and use of risk-related data, in addition to better understanding the needs of end users, as per the recommendations of the report: Solving the Puzzle: Innovating to Reduce Risk.\n\nBelow are the categories of the Challenge Fund. Click here to jump to judging criteria.\n\nChallenge 1: Hazard Scenario Dataset\n\nDeliver a suite of event scenarios for a variety of perils generated from parametric or numeric model runs. The scenarios should encompass hypothetical and/or historical representative events that could occur with high, medium and low frequency. In addition, the set could also include return period information that would be useable with ThinkHazard! Outputs will be licensed as open data and formatted using open standards for easy integration on open platforms. To push innovation, the hazard scenario dataset should include one or more complex hazards, for example: storm surge, drought, city-level flooding, tsunami, etc.\n\nChallenge 2: Global Open Exposure Data Repository Framework\n\nDevelop a framework for an open global exposure dataset, with defined standards, that could be hosted by an open online platform. The prototype would be able to handle site-specific structural information, as well as aggregated socio-economic and structural information. Exposure information on structures would include occupancy as well as construction attributes and should be able to be collected using a mobile app used in a community mapping project with the defined standards. The prototype framework should be able to integrate data from a variety of existing sources including OpenStreetMap, Global Earthquake Model (GEM), World Bank Group GDP data and others, and then offer the aggregated data in a form compatible with various platforms. The data standards should focus on the parameters that are most important for vulnerability and be extensible so they can accept more detailed attributes.\n\nChallenge 3: Open Vulnerability Function Dataset\n\nDevelop an open database of vulnerability functions for a variety of exposures (e.g., structures, social vulnerability, population and GDP), spatial resolutions (admin level or postal code), and hazards. The vulnerability functions should be designed to expect a variable number of attributes from the Global Exposure Dataset prototype developed under the Challenge Fund (see Challenge #2). The structural vulnerability functions should be able to handle situations where essentially no information is available as a well as cases where there are more detailed attribution data.\n\nChallenge 4: Understanding User Needs\n\nIn order to develop the right tools to understand risk, there needs to be a greater understanding of the end user needs. An in-depth understanding of the challenges of accessing, using and understanding risk information will be explored in two pilot countries. In addition, realistic scenarios for decision-making using risk information will be provided. The final product will be an identification of: who are the different stakeholders, what information do they require, how can suppliers of disaster risk information better communicate it to end-users, and how this data could be used.\n\n\n  1. Proposals must meet the World Bank eligibility requirements.\n  2. Proposals for all challenges must demonstrate how their project(s) can be piloted locally in two countries and scaled regionally to demonstrate the potential to be applied at a global scale.\n    The first pilot country of choice for all projects is Tanzania. Proposers for Challenges #1-3 should be able to demonstrate: (i) country engagement and use of local datasets; and (ii) how the approach / framework can be scaled in up to five countries in the region, applying globally available datasets (such as Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe).\n    As a result of multiple inquiries on the preference of the second pilot country and region, we have identified a high preference for the following countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, India, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan and Tajikistan in Asia. Proposals that can identify good country engagement in one of the above listed countries, as well as ability to scale to up to five countries in the region will be highly rated.\n\n\nChallenges 1-3\n\nFunding available for projects can be up to USD 200,000.\n\nChallenge 4\n\nFunding available for project can be up to USD 100,000.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9884915351867676}
+{"content": "The Corner\n\nScience & Tech\n\nWhen a Horse Sues\n\n(Miguel Vidal/Reuters)\n\nAnimal rights is not just about being nicer to animals. It is an ideology — to be distinguished from “animal welfare” — that believes fervently in the moral equality between humans and animals. The movement’s goal is to end all human ownership and use of animals for any purpose, perhaps even as pets.\n\nThe most potentially potent method of attaining that goal is an advocacy thrust known as “animal standing,” which would open the courts to lawsuits brought by animals.\n\nThe animals would be oblivious, of course. The real litigants would be ideologues empowered to harness the raw power of the judiciary to impose their bizarre beliefs into the bedrock of law — threatening all animal industries and enterprises with a tsunami of cases. At the very least, obtaining liability insurance would become impossible and/or cost prohibitive.\n\nCases have already been brought in this country to allow whales, monkeys, and chimpanzees to sue, with incremental success. A judge in New York’s highest court stated in a non-binding decision that he believed chimps should be declared legal persons, while two federal appeals courts in the Ninth Circuit ruled that animals can have constitutional standing (!!), albeit they didn’t qualify as litigants under the particular statutes in question before the bench. Meanwhile, in Argentina an orangutan was declared a “non-human person” and granted a writ of habeas corpus to be released from a zoo into a primate sanctuary.\n\nNow, an attempt in Oregon to have a mistreated horse sue. From the San Francisco Chronicle story:\n\nThe horse had been left outside and underfed by his previous owner, who last summer pleaded guilty to criminal neglect. And now Justice [the horse], who today resides with other rescued equines on a quiet wooded farm within view of Oregon’s Cascade mountains, is suing his former owner for negligence. In a lawsuit filed in his new name in a county court, the horse seeks at least $100,000 for veterinary care, as well as damages “for pain and suffering,” to fund a trust that would stay with him no matter who is his caretaker.\n\nNotice that animal-welfare laws properly protected Justice, which — not who — is now safe from further abuse.\n\nOf course the point of the lawsuit isn’t to help Justice, but rather, to destroy the “species barrier” (as some call it) that distinguishes the moral value of humans from that of animals. That would have profound consequences, as a Pepperdine professor notes:\n\nAllowing Justice to sue could mean any animal protected under Oregon’s anti-cruelty statute — a class that includes thousands of pets, zoo animals and even wildlife — could do the same, he said. (Livestock, lab animals, hunting targets, rodeo animals and invertebrates are exempted.) If this approach were adopted elsewhere, Cupp said, a stampede of animal litigation could overrun courts.\n\n“Any case that could lead to billions of animals having the potential to file lawsuits is a shocker in the biggest way,” [RIchard] Cupp said. “Once you say a horse or dog or cat can personally sue over being abused, it’s not too big a jump to say, ‘Well, we’re kind of establishing that they’re legal persons with that. And legal persons can’t be eaten.'”\n\nThe time to thwart animal standing is now, before it comes to fruition. For example, state legislatures and Congress should enact laws making it clear that non-human animals have no standing in courts or enforceable rights in law.\n\n“Animal standing” poses an existential threat to human exceptionalism, rationality, and our economic thriving. Don’t think that “it can never happen here.” Remember, it only takes one judge wanting to make radical history.\n\nMost Popular\n\nPC Culture\n\nThe New, New Anti-Semitism\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6088895797729492}
+{"content": "\nPlace an Order\nInstant price\n\nStruggling with your work?\n\nGet it right the first time & learn smarter today\n\nPlace an Order\nBanner ad for Viper plagiarism checker\n\nThe History And People Of Nigeria History Essay\n\n\n\nPublished: Mon, 5 Dec 2016\n\nThe Federal Republic of Nigeria is located on the coast of West Africa. It shares borders with Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger with the Gulf of Guinea on its Southern border. It was formerly under British control and became an independent country on October 2, 1960. Nigeria is listed in the World Almanac and Book of Facts (2009) as having a population of approximately 146,255,306 and a land area of 356,669 square miles. There are three major geo-political regions, the North, West, and East. Nigeria’s population includes over 250 distinct ethnic nationalities. The most populous of these are the Hausa – Fulani (29%) located predominately in the North; the Yoruba (21%) located predominately in the West, and the Igbo (18%) located predominately in the East. All groups are found throughout the country. There are 36 states and the federal capital territory of Abuja. President Goodluck Jonathan was sworn in as President on May 5, 2010 after serving as Acting President since February 9, 2010 due to President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua’s an incapacitating illness and consequent death. Nigeria’s political history includes periods of military and civilian rule. The latest period of civilian rule began in 1999.\n\n\nNigeria is a resource rich nation with a petroleum based economy. Petroleum and petroleum based products constitute 95% of exports. Other Nigerian industries include minerals, palm oil, and peanuts. Lead agriculture products include cocoa and rubber. Other industry and agricultural products include: peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams, livestock and fish, hides and skins, textiles, cement and construction materials, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel, small commercial ship construction and repair.\n\nThe United Nations Statistics Division (2009) reported Nigeria’s main export partner as the United States receiving 42.5% of Nigeria exports. India, Brazil, Spain, and France were other export partners; each receiving less than 10% of Nigeria’s exports. In contrast Nigeria’s import partners were more varied with China leading at 15%, the United States at 8.2% and Belize at 7.2% with 15 other countries completing its import partner list. Primary imports include machinery and transport equipment (46.3%), a variety of manufactured goods (24%), and chemicals and related products (12.2%). Nigeria experienced a trade surplus from 2006 – 2008.\n\n\nAs of 2009 Nigeria was the 8th most populous country in the world based on United Nation Statistics Division data. With 250 ethnic nationalities, diversity is the norm within Nigeria. Each of these groups have histories that date back thousands of years prior to Nigeria’s formation as a nation. Each ethnic nationality includes several linguistic sub-groups who account for no fewer than 450 distinct languages spoken within Nigeria’s borders. While the Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo are the most populous ethnic nationalities respectively; several groups also have significant populations including the Ijaw (10%), Kanuri (4%), Ibibio (3.5%), and Tiv (2.5%). English is Nigeria’s official language, but mother tongue language learning is promoted through the K-12 education. Secondary students are required to test in Hausa, Yoruba, or Igbo as part of their exit exams. Pidgin English is also a lingua franca of both urban and rural areas across Nigeria. Diversity in culture and language is a hallmark of Nigerian life.\n\n\nWorld Almanac 2009 data indicate major religious affiliations in Nigeria as Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, and Traditional (indigenous) beliefs 10%. In practice these religions are often not completely distinct from one another. Elements of Traditional religions are frequently practiced within or alongside Christian and Muslim practices. Traditional religions are ethno nationality specific in their histories, theologies, and practices. Due to Traditional religions’ all encompassing nature this syncretic (blending) process often occurred when Islam or Christianity was introduced to a group.\n\nBy the 11th century King Hume of Kanem-Bornu (present day Northeastern Nigeria and Northwestern Chad) adopted Islam as a means to strengthen and maintain Trans-Saharan trade relations. Islam spread gradually across the area and was integrated with many Traditional beliefs and practices to vary degrees across different ethnic nationalities. Religious syncretism also occurred with Judeo-Christianity which was introduced along the coast during the 15th century by Portuguese monks. From the 15th to 18th centuries some trade partners and coastal residents within the pre-colonial setting converted to Christianity as interaction with Europeans increased over this period. Christianity did not spread significantly beyond the coast until the 19th century. As with Islam Nigerian people retained or integrated a range of Traditional beliefs and practices with Christianity. These syncretic religions are often referred to as Africanized Islam or African Christian theology. The variety and variation of religious affiliation and practice is another manifestation of diverse Nigerian life.\n\n\nNigerian history is described by three major periods, Pre-Colonial, Colonial, and Post-Colonial or Independent. The pre-colonial period dates back to the beginnings of civilization in the West African Savanna region. As groups developed and expanded some moved into the Forest Regions and along the Southern coast, while other remained in the Savanna and Sahel regions located to the north.\n\nMajor civilizations began to appear by the 10th century. Some of the key Nigerian empires included the Kanem-Borno people which began as two distinct civilizations and merged by the 13th century. They controlled a major East -West route within the Trans-Sarahan Trade network. The Yoruba civilization appears early on and solidifies by the 11th century. The Yoruba Empire is first centered at Ife as their spiritual capital; but by the 17th century there is a shift in power to Oyo. The Hausa-Fulani of the North and the Edo people of the Benin Empire will also develop major civilizations during this same period that remain intact throughout colonial times. While their political power is minimized during colonialism; their societal institutions remain intact due to a British policy of Indirect Rule.\n\nThe British have initial contact with Benin as early as 1553. At this time Benin’s empire stretched from present day Lagos east to the Niger Delta. Benin maintained its control of the area until 18th century. This weakened period allowed the British to expand trade agreements beyond the Benin people and provided openings for military invasions. In 1861 Britain captured Lagos, but did not expand beyond the Lagos Protectorate until the 1880s. The British National African Company virtually controlled all palm oil trade out of the Niger Delta region by this time, so at the Berlin Conference of 1884-5 the British were given the right of influence/control over what would become Nigeria. The British moved through the area and with military threat and several treaties the British expanded the Lagos Protectorate and established another Protectorate in the North. The Yoruba Empire entered a treaty in 1893 signed by the Queen mother of Ibadan. In 1897 British troops sacked Benin city. The Sokoto Caliphate in Hausaland officially agreed to Protectorate status by 1903. It is significant that none of these groups lost their internal structure as a result of these takeovers. A dual system was developed with nominal parliament representation in the British colonial government was provided to these forced constituencies within the Protectorates and later to the Colony. It was not until the British outmaneuvered the Eastern Igbo groups in 1910 that Nigeria was completely under British control. North and the South were governed as two distinct protectorates until 1946 when the Protectorates were merged into the British Colony of Nigeria.\n\nThe fight for independence began as each treaty was signed in the 1800s and lasted until the official endorsement of Nigeria as a nation on October 2, 1960. Britain maintained strategic control of Nigerian people and resources with little show of weakness until the post World War II era. War time experiences along with increased British formal education within the colony provided knowledge and opportunity for Nigerians to negotiate effectively with the British. This culminated in a mandate to realize what Nnamdi Azikiwe called the African Renaissance, a call to unite Nigerians to claim their nation for themselves and develop and control their national institutions. In 1953 a transition to independence was agreed upon and three regional leaders, Ahmadu Bello from the North, Nnamdi Azikiwe from the East, and Obafemi Awolowo from the West led the process. After 2 revisions a national constitution was ratified in 1960.\n\nRegional differences and resource conflicts resulted in the Biafra War (1967 – 1970). In 1966 several thousand Igbo people were killed in ethnic or religious attacks throughout parts of Northern Nigeria. Also a military coup in 1966 placed General Yakubu Gowon as the first military leader of Nigeria. In 1967 the East under Igbo leadership seceded from the Republic. This sparked civil war and resulted in millions of civilians starving due to ravaged crops and military attacks. Estimates range from 1 to 3 million war causalities. The Eastern region was reintegrated with the Republic. Regional tensions continue as a stressor on political and economic developments.\n\nThe last period of military rule under Gen. Ibrahim Babangida (1983 – 1993) and Gen. Sani Abacha (1994 – 1998) created economic and political instability across the nation resulting in increased corruption, underdevelopment, and mismanagement of Nigeria’s infrastructure. An era of civilian rule was introduced in 1999 and strategies were implemented to combat corruption and improve infrastructure. As President Jonathan takes the reins of office it he promised to support transparency in government and in the economy, while investing in the development and maintenance of Nigeria’s infrastructure to ensure a sound national future.\n\nJamaine M. Abidogun\n\n\nReference Copied to Clipboard.\nReference Copied to Clipboard.\nReference Copied to Clipboard.\nReference Copied to Clipboard.\nReference Copied to Clipboard.\nReference Copied to Clipboard.\nReference Copied to Clipboard.\n\nRequest Removal\n\n\nMore from UK Essays", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7683271169662476}
+{"content": "This page's comments section is not for random discussion, although you may wish to consider using the EN Chat Thread instead.\n\nCafé is a recreation of the classic forum. A lot of users like this more as it is in-game, easier and quicker, however it only displays a certain amount of recent topics, and once a topic is gone it cannot be retrieved. Sometimes, players can stay on a \"dead\" topic and \"bump\" it up to the top of the Café. The Café isn't moderated nearly as much as the Forum, so quite a bit of it is filled with spammers and trolls. Quite a few players don't play Transformice as much as they have and post on the Cafe instead.\n\nTo post on the cafe, you need to have played at least a total of 5 hours. There may be other criteria as well, but meeting the the time played requirement is usually enough.\n\nSince it does not have as many moderators on it, players are more free. Many trends flow in the Café, as if it were the forum.\n\nAfter posting a message on the Café, a player must wait 10 seconds before they are able to post again. For creating topics, one must wait 30 minutes instead to create another topic. The wait times do not affect each other.\n\nPlayers can also \"+1\" or \"-1\" a message in the Café, usually to show whether they like it or dislike it.\n\nThe Transformice version it was added in is V1.183.\n\nAdding/Changing your imageEdit\n\nTo add/change your Cafe avatar (same as the avatar shown on your profile), you need to upload a new Forum Avatar.\n\n\nUnlike the forum which is heavily moderated, the cafe has little to no moderation. This can cause players to be harassed, and questionable content to be posted and gain discussion.\n\n\n  • 10 August 2016 - Cafe design changed[1].", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.516431450843811}
+{"content": "Nutrition / Diet News From Medical News Today\n\nCan stevia benefit people with diabetes?\n\nStevia is a sugar substitute that is about 300 times sweeter than table sugar. Stevia is very low in calories, and there is growing interest in whether this sweetener can help people with diabetes use their diet to control their blood sugar levels. Learn more here.\n\nCan a vitamin combo prolong your life?\n\nA new review finds that 30 known vitamins and minerals, as well as 11 other compounds, are crucial to maintaining health and prolonging the lifespan.\n\nWhich yogurts contain Lactobacillus acidophilus?\n\nSome yogurt manufacturers add Lactobacillus acidophilus, a healthful probiotic, to their products. In this article, we look at the yogurt brands that contain L. acidophilus and consider its potential health benefits.\n\nCan you take too much magnesium?\n\nMagnesium is essential for health, but taking too much can cause problems, including digestive issues, lethargy, and an irregular heartbeat. In rare cases, an overdose can be fatal. Learn more here.\n\nHow to increase your metabolism\n\n\nCan eating too much fruit cause type 2 diabetes?\n\nRisk factors for developing type 2 diabetes include being overweight and having high blood sugar levels. Although fruit does contain sugar, eating it as part of a balanced and healthful diet is unlikely to cause diabetes. Learn more here.\n\nProbiotic foods: What to know\n\nProbiotics foods contain live, healthful bacteria that may help promote better gut health. In this article, we list the best probiotic foods and ways to incorporate them into the diet.\n\nHow do you lose belly fat?\n\n\nVitamin A supplements could harm bone health\n\nVitamin A is necessary in supporting your health, but can it jeopardize the strength of your bones, and if so, when? A new study answers these questions.\n\nHealth benefits of elderberry\n\nElderberry fruit is a traditional natural remedy for colds and flus. Some research backs up these claims, though more research is needed. In this article, we look at the possible health benefits and risks of medicinal elderberries.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8767831921577454}
+{"content": "adsense code\n\nMonday, January 11, 2016\n\nFables and Facts in Educational Neuroscience\n\n\n\n1. Howard-Jones, Paul. A. (2014). Neuroscience and education: myths and messages. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 15, 817-824.\n\n2. History of SFN, 1969-1995.\n\n3. Neuro-education: promoting cognitive development.\n\n4. Walker, Tim. (2015). The joyful, illiterate kindergartners of Finland.\n\n5. Klemm, W. R. (2016). Making a Scientific Case for Free Will. New York: Elsevier. In press.\n\n6. Klemm, W. R. (2012). Memory Power 101. New York: Skyhorse.\n\nFriday, January 01, 2016\n\nRecent News on Music and Memory\n\nMost of us remember early school years where we were taught the memory trick of turning item names into a song. Lyrical rhymes seemed to help. In fact, one common mnemonic peg system uses rhyme to create numerical image pegs to which we can attach mental images of what we want to remember. The pegs are expressed, for example, for one as one/run, for two as two/zoo, for three as three/tree, and so on. Though I think there is a better number peg system, this one does show the power of rhyming.\n\nWhile this approach works, it applies mostly to lists of items. However, I did once use a version of it to put on a stage show where I memorized the gist of a magazine content, by page number. While this is good memory exercise, it does not apply well for memorizing complicated concepts, as one might occur in academic courses in college.  \n\nI get the impression from my college students that the vast majority of them study while listening to music. They say it helps them learn. But formal research on this matter is not clear. It is clear that music has rich structure (melodies, chords, themes, riffs, rhythms) that engages the entire brain in ways that certainly could be distracting. But music can also have strong emotional power for evoking emotions and moods. All I have learned about memory is that the most common memory problems come from interfering stimuli. Certainly, music with lyrics can be quite distracting if you are listening to the lyrics while trying to memorize school work. Rap music would probably create the most interference of all.\n\nFinally, a recent scholarly research study, prompted by conflicting reports on music effects on memory, was based on the premise that music, if it could be helpful at all, would be instrumental music. In this study, 20 young non-musician adults were asked to memorize different lists of words presented while they listened to instrumental music, the sound of a waterfall, or silence. Pre-tests established that the chosen song  and the environmental sound were rated as enjoyable, of medium emotional intensity, and low arousal effect. Results revealed better recall under the music condition than either of the other two conditions. However, the degree of improvement was small, albeit statistically significant.\n\nAnother study that I reported in another blog post tested the role of music on memory in the elderly. The subjects were not musicians and had an average age of 69 years. The music test conditions were: 1) no music control, 2) white noise control, 3) a Mozart recording, and 4) a Mahler recording. All 65 subjects were tested in counter-balanced order in all four categories. The music was played at modest volume as background before and during performance of the cognitive tasks, two memory tasks and a mental processing speed task. An episodic memory task involved trying to recall a list of 15 words immediately after a two-minute study period. A semantic memory task involved word fluency in which subjects wrote as many words as they could think of beginning with three letters of the alphabet.\n\nEpisodic memory performance was better when listening to either type of music than while hearing white noise or no music. No memory difference was noted between the two types of music.\nSemantic memory was better for both kinds of music than with white noise and better with Mozart that with no music. Processing speed performance was faster while listening to Mozart than with the Mahler or white noise conditions. No improvement in the Mahler condition was seen over white noise or no music.\n\nRecognizing that emotions could be a relevant factor, the experimenters analyzed a mood questionnaire comparing the two music conditions with white noise. Mozart generated higher happiness indicators than did Mahler or white noise. Mahler was rated more sad than Mozart and comparable to white noise. Thus, happy, but not sad, music correlated with increased processing speed. The researchers speculated that happy subjects were more alert.\n\nSurprisingly, both happy and sad music enhanced both kinds of memory over the white noise or silence condition. But it is not clear if this observation is generally applicable. The authors did mention without emphasis that the both kinds of music were instrumental and lacked loudness or lyrics that could have been distracting and thus impair memory. I think this point is substantial. When lyrics are present, the brain is dragged into trying to hear the words and thinking about their meaning. These thought processes would surely interfere with trying to memorize new information or recall previous learned material.\n\nA point not considered at all in either study is personal preference for a certain types of music. The music in the most recent study was lyric-free \"Down, Down, Down.\" This is certainly not classical music, and the version I heard on U Tube is more rock than jazz. In the earlier study that used classical music, we cannot assume that all of the 65 people like classical music. If one does not like a certain type of music, it is not pleasurable and most likely is a major irritant and distraction from whatever it is that needs to be memorized. My point is that studies of music and memory need to take into account whether the subjects were allowed to hear their preferred music.\n\nMy take-home lesson was actually formed over five decades ago when I listened to jazz background music while plowing my way through memorizing a veterinary medical curriculum. When I was a student, I listened to instrumental jazz and was convinced that it helped me learn. Two possible explanations come to mind: 1) it helped me relax and feel good, and positive emotions are proven to help memory, or 2) perhaps my brain was energized by the creativity and rhythms of jazz. At the time, I thought that the benefit was stress reduction (veterinary school IS stressful and happy jazz certainly reduces stress). Now I consider the possibility that frequent listening to such music might have actually helped my memory capability in general.\n\nAnother point to emphasize is that background music probably interferes with memory in musicians. They are likely to attend to the music structure and technical performance, which would most certainly interfere with memorizing. My final advice: it you are not certain that background music helps studying, then think in silence. When it comes to learning, it is hard to beat intense focus.\n\nFerreri, L. Bigand, E., and Bugalska, A. (2015). The positive effect of music on source memory. Musicae Scientiae. 19 (4), 402-411.\n\nKlemm, W. R. (2012). Music Effects on Cognitive Function of the Elderly.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9262712001800537}
+{"content": "\n\nDownload Allergic Rhinitis in Children PowerPoint Presentation\n\nLogin   OR  Register\n\nIframe embed code :\n\nPresentation url :\n\n\nDescription :\n\n\nTags :\n\nAllergic Rhinitis in Children\n\nHome / Health & Wellness / Health & Wellness Presentations / Allergic Rhinitis in Children PowerPoint Presentation\n\nAllergic Rhinitis in Children PowerPoint Presentation\n\nPpt Presentation Embed Code   Zoom Ppt Presentation\n\nAbout This Presentation\n\nDescription : Available Allergic Rhinitis in Children powerpoint presentation for free download which is uploaded ... Read More\n\nTags : Allergic Rhinitis in Children\n\nPublished on : Mar 14, 2014\nViews : 659 | Downloads : 1\n\nDownload Now\n\nShare on Social Media\n\n\nPowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional Allergic Rhinitis in Children powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. This helps you give your presentation on Allergic Rhinitis in Children in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations.\n\nThe uploader spent his/her valuable time to create this Allergic Rhinitis in Children powerpoint presentation slides, to share his/her useful content with the world. This ppt presentation uploaded by slidesfinder in Health & Wellness ppt presentation category is available for free download,and can be used according to your industries like finance, marketing, education, health and many more. provides a platform to marketers, presenters and educationists along with being the preferred search engine for professional PowerPoint presentations on the Internet to upload their Allergic Rhinitis in Children ppt presentation slides to help them BUILD THEIR CROWD!!\n\nUser Presentation\nRelated Presentation\nFree PowerPoint Templates\nSlide 1 - Allergic Rhinitis in Children Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI\nSlide 2 - Outline of Presentation What is allergic rhinitis? Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis and differential diagnosis Assessment and classification of AR Health effects of AR Management of AR\nSlide 4 - Rhinorhoea Nasal blockage Postnasal drip Itchiness Sneezing Associated health effects IgE mediated\nSlide 5 - Pathophysiology The tendency to develop allergic, or IgE-mediated, reactions to extrinsic allergens has a genetic component. In susceptible individuals, exposure to certain foreign proteins leads to allergic sensitization, which is characterized by the production of specific IgE directed against these proteins. This specific IgE coats the surface of mast cells, which are present in the nasal mucosa. When the specific protein is inhaled into the nose, it can bind to the IgE on the mast cells, leading to immediate and delayed release of a number of mediators.\nSlide 6 - Pathophysiology The mediators that are immediately released include histamine, tryptase, chymase, kinins, and heparin. The mast cells quickly synthesize other mediators, including leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2. These mediators, via various interactions, ultimately lead to the symptoms of rhinorrhea (ie, nasal congestion, sneezing, itching, redness, tearing, swelling, ear pressure, postnasal drip). Mucous glands are stimulated, leading to increased secretions. Vascular permeability is increased, leading to plasma exudation. Vasodilation occurs, leading to congestion and pressure. Sensory nerves are stimulated, leading to sneezing and itching. All of these events can occur in minutes; hence, this reaction is called the early, or immediate, phase of the reaction\nSlide 7 - Pathophysiology Over 4-8 hours, these mediators, through a complex interplay of events, lead to the recruitment of other inflammatory cells to the mucosa, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. This results in continued inflammation, termed the late-phase response. The symptoms of the late-phase response are similar to those of the early phase, but less sneezing and itching and more congestion and mucus production tend to occur.[13] The late phase may persist for hours or days.\nSlide 8 - Epidemiology Frequency: Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 40 million people in the United States. Recent US figures suggest a 20% cumulative prevalence rate. Scandinavian studies have demonstrated a cumulative prevalence rate of 15% in men and 14% in women.[17] The prevalence of allergic rhinitis may vary within and among countries. This may be due to geographic differences in the types and potency of different allergens and the overall aeroallergen burden. Mortality/Morbidity- While allergic rhinitis itself is not life-threatening (unless accompanied by severe asthma or anaphylaxis), morbidity from the condition can be significant. Allergic rhinitis often coexists with other disorders, such as asthma, and may be associated with asthma exacerbations.\nSlide 9 - Epidemiology Race: Allergic rhinitis occurs in persons of all races. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis seems to vary among different populations and cultures, which may be due to genetic differences, geographic factors or environmental differences, or other population-based factors. Sex: In childhood, allergic rhinitis is more common in boys than in girls, but in adulthood, the prevalence is approximately equal between men and women. Age: Onset of allergic rhinitis is common in childhood, adolescence, and early adult years, with a mean age of onset 8-11 years, but allergic rhinitis may occur in persons of any age. In 80% of cases, allergic rhinitis develops by age 20 years.\nSlide 10 - Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis History & symptoms of recurrent or persistent rhinitis and/or associated health effects Signs of atopy and recurrent or persistent rhinitis Demonstration of IgE allergy Exclusion of other causes of rhinitis\nSlide 11 - Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis History & clinical symptoms of recurrent or persistent rhinitis and/or associated health effects Rhinorhoea Nasal blockage Postnasal drip Itchiness Sneezing Others: conjunctivitis, eczema, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media with effusion, sleep obstruction…\nSlide 12 - History Important elements in history include an evaluation of the nature, duration, and time course of symptoms; possible triggers for symptoms; response to medications; comorbid conditions; family history of allergic diseases; environmental exposures; occupational exposures; and effects on quality of life. Symptoms that can be associated with allergic rhinitis include sneezing, itching (of nose, eyes, ears, palate), rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, congestion, headache, earache, tearing, red eyes, eye swelling, fatigue, drowsiness, and malaise.\nSlide 13 - Symptoms and chronicity Determine the age of onset of symptoms and whether symptoms have been present continuously since onset. Determine the time pattern of symptoms and whether symptoms occur at a consistent level throughout the year (ie, perennial rhinitis), only occur in specific seasons (ie, seasonal rhinitis), or a combination of the two. During periods of exacerbation, determine whether symptoms occur on a daily basis or only on an episodic basis. Determine whether the symptoms are present all day or only at specific times during the day. Determine which organ systems are affected and the specific symptoms.\nSlide 14 - Trigger factors Determine whether symptoms are related temporally to specific trigger factors. This might include exposure to pollens outdoors, mold spores, specific animals, or dust while cleaning the house. Irritant triggers such as smoke, pollution, and strong smells can aggravate symptoms in a patient with allergic rhinitis. These are also common triggers of vasomotor rhinitis. Other patients may describe year-round symptoms that do not appear to be associated with specific triggers. This could be consistent with nonallergic rhinitis, but perennial allergens, such as dust mite or animal exposure, should also be considered in this situation.\nSlide 15 - Co-morbid conditions Patients with allergic rhinitis may have other atopic conditions such as asthma or atopic dermatitis. Look for conditions that can occur as complications of allergic rhinitis. Sinusitis occurs quite frequently Other possible complications include otitis media, sleep disturbance or apnea, dental problems (overbite), and palatal abnormalities. Nasal polyps occur in association with allergic rhinitis, although whether allergic rhinitis actually causes polyps remains unclear. Investigate past medical history, including other current medical conditions. Diseases such as hypothyroidism or sarcoidosis can cause nonallergic rhinitis.\nSlide 16 - Family history Because allergic rhinitis has a significant genetic component, a positive family history for atopy makes the diagnosis more likely. A greater risk of allergic rhinitis exists if both parents are atopic than if one parent is atopic. However, the cause of allergic rhinitis appears to be multifactorial, and a person with no family history of allergic rhinitis can develop allergic rhinitis.\nSlide 17 - Environmental exposure A thorough history of environmental exposures helps to identify specific allergic triggers. This should include investigation of risk factors for exposure to perennial allergens (eg, dust mites, mold, pets). Risk factors for dust mite exposure include carpeting, heat, humidity, and bedding that does not have dust mite–proof covers. Chronic dampness is a risk factor for mold exposure. A history of hobbies and recreational activities helps determine risk and a time pattern of pollen exposure.\nSlide 18 - Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis Signs of atopy and recurrent or persistent rhinitis\nSlide 19 - Diagnosis in Primary Care Setting\nSlide 20 - Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis Demonstration of IgE allergy\nSlide 24 - ppt slide no 24 content not found\nSlide 25 - Looking for asthma…\nSlide 27 - Moderate-severe one or more items . abnormal sleep . impairment of daily activities, sport, leisure . abnormal work and school . troublesome symptoms Persistent . > 4 days per week . and > 4 weeks Mild normal sleep & no impairment of daily activities, sport, leisure & normal work and school & no troublesome symptoms Intermittent . < 4 days per week . or < 4 weeks AR Classification in untreated patients\nSlide 28 - ppt slide no 28 content not found\nSlide 29 - Management of allergic rhinitis The management of allergic rhinitis involves the following components: Allergen avoidance Pharmacotherapy. Allergen immunotherapy. Of note, immunotherapy helps prevent the development of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis, and thus should be given special consideration in the pediatric population.\nSlide 32 - Nasal Antihistamines Azelastine Levocabastine Olopatadine\nSlide 34 - Decongestants: Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Oral Pseudoephedrine Nasal Phenylephrine Oxymetazoline Xylometazoline\nSlide 37 - Nasal Corticosteroids Beclomethasone dipropionate Budesonide Ciclesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone propionate Mometasone furoate Triamcinolone acetonide * Currently only approved for asthma\nSlide 38 - Nasal Corticosteroids reduction of symptoms and exacerbations\nSlide 40 - Nasal Corticosteroids Overall safe to use Adverse Effects Nasal irritation Epistaxis Septal perforation (extremely rare) HPA axis suppression Suppressed growth\nSlide 42 - Environmental Control House dust mites Pets Cockroaches Molds Pollen 1. Allergens 2. Pollutants and Irritants", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6352823376655579}
+{"content": "\n\nYour Number 1 Stop For Business Resources\n\nIdea - Execution - Results\n\nWhy do a personal background check?\n\nWhy do a personal background check?\n\nPersonal background checks are becoming more common as banks vet borrowers, employers screen interview candidates, mothers\ncheck out potential nannies and landlords look into the past of their tenants before letting.\n\nIt’s thought that up to 40% of resumes include false or exaggerated information and if you want to know the truth about a job candidate a background search may be a sensible move. Unfinished college courses, fudged employment dates, exaggerated job titles and fantasy employers are all common. Criminal records, DUI (driving under the influence) convictions and bad credit histories can also surface during a personal background check.\n\n\nFinding out the truth about an individual and hiring a candidate who actually is what they promise to be is one reason for undertaking a personal background check but employers are also increasingly worried about the possibility of legal action. Cases of negligent hiring and negligent retention are on the increase and employers can be held responsible for the actions of their employees if they have failed to carry out pre-employment screening.\n\nLegal reasons for accessing criminal information\n\nFor example a company that hires an employee with a criminal record who is later involved in a violent incident at work can be held responsible for damages, legal fees and medical bills. Or shareholders may hold a company responsible when an employee with a history of embezzlement continues to misappropriate funds in the new job.\n\nIn addition to the legal aspects, a personal background check should help you decide if a candidate is going to fit in with your company ethos. If you’re planning to spend time and money on employee training you want to make sure the chosen candidate is going to stick with you and fit in well as part of your team. Speaking to former employers, neighbors and acquaintances can tell you more about a candidate’s character and mode of living than any resume or interview ever will.\n\nSecurity is another major issue. Any business that holds valuable stock or sensitive information is open to risk with every new hire, from janitors with a history of theft to white collar workers looking for trade secrets. Since September 11, requests for personal background checks have soared as companies become increasingly concerned about security issues. Landing a job with a company offers easy access to buildings, files contained within them and insider information on security procedures and access points.\n\nCarrying out a personal background check on each new hire is a wise precaution and offers you the best protection from incompetent employees, security threats and legal action.\n\nEstablish a procedure now and it will make each recruitment process easier.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7071921825408936}
+{"content": "Unknown 378 Plays 0% comment(s)\n\nThe Eldevin kingdom, in which used to be a peaceful place, now it sinks in the dark. Attend to Eldevin Game to explore what' happen? Well, this is a kind of MMORPG Games Online, so you have to play a role in this game. Everything happens when they discover the Elemental Spheres. The dark is covering your kingdom and make it as a chaos. Be the hero and join with others to stop Tristant, the emperor of the infernal empire. Let bring the peace back. Join Games Online to communicate with others while playing game.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9842568039894104}
+{"content": "Tag: Science\n\nThe Disproportional Power of Anecdotes\n\n\n\n\n\nThis makes sense. But it’s amazing how often we forget.\n\n\n\nPolls are meant to generalize larger patterns of behavior based on small samples. You need to put a lot of effort in to make sure that sample is truly representative of the population you are trying to generalize about. Otherwise, erroneous information is presented as truth.\n\nWhy does this matter?\n\n\nSome really smart people are perpetual victims of the problem.\n\n\nUh-oh. This is a double whammy. “It’s not merely that researchers frequently make generalizations from a narrow subpopulation. The concern is that this particular subpopulation is highly unrepresentative of the species.”\n\n\n\n\n\nHow did this happen? Because those miners took anecdotes as being representative of a broader reality. Quite literally, they learned mining from rumor, and didn’t develop any real knowledge. Most people fought for claims along the creeks, where easy gold had been discovered, while rejecting the bench claims on the hillsides above, which often had just as much gold.\n\n\n\n\nHalf Life: The Decay of Knowledge and What to Do About It\n\nUnderstanding the concept of a half-life will change what you read and how you invest your time. It will explain why our careers are increasingly specialized and offer a look into how we can compete more effectively in a very crowded world.\n\nThe Basics\n\nA half-life is the time taken for something to halve its quantity. The term is most often used in the context of radioactive decay, which occurs when unstable atomic particles lose energy. Twenty-nine elements are known to be capable of undergoing this process. Information also has a half-life, as do drugs, marketing campaigns, and all sorts of other things. We see the concept in any area where the quantity or strength of something decreases over time.\n\nRadioactive decay is random, and measured half-lives are based on the most probable rate. We know that a nucleus will decay at some point; we just cannot predict when. It could be anywhere between instantaneous and the total age of the universe. Although scientists have defined half-lives for different elements, the exact rate is completely random.\n\nHalf-lives of elements vary tremendously. For example, carbon takes millions of years to decay; that’s why it is stable enough to be a component of the bodies of living organisms. Different isotopes of the same element can also have different half-lives.\n\nThree main types of nuclear decay have been identified: alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha decay occurs when a nucleus splits into two parts: a helium nucleus and the remainder of the original nucleus. Beta decay occurs when a neutron in the nucleus of an element changes into a proton. The result is that it turns into a different element, such as when potassium decays into calcium. Beta decay also releases a neutrino — a particle with virtually no mass. If a nucleus emits radiation without experiencing a change in its composition, it is subject to gamma decay. Gamma radiation contains an enormous amount of energy.\n\nThe Discovery of Half-Lives\n\nThe discovery of half-lives (and alpha and beta radiation) is credited to Ernest Rutherford, one of the most influential physicists of his time. Rutherford was at the forefront of this major discovery when he worked with physicist Joseph John Thompson on complementary experiments leading to the discovery of electrons. Rutherford recognized the potential of what he was observing and began researching radioactivity. Two years later, he identified the distinction between alpha and beta rays. This led to his discovery of half-lives, when he noticed that samples of radioactive materials took the same amount of time to decay by half. By 1902, Rutherford and his collaborators had a coherent theory of radioactive decay (which they called “atomic disintegration”). They demonstrated that radioactive decay enabled one element to turn into another — research which would earn Rutherford a Nobel Prize. A year later, he spotted the missing piece in the work of the chemist Paul Villard and named the third type of radiation gamma.\n\nHalf-lives are based on probabilistic thinking. If the half-life of an element is seven days, it is most probable that half of the atoms will have decayed in that time. For a large number of atoms, we can expect half-lives to be fairly consistent. It’s important to note that radioactive decay is based on the element itself, not the quantity of it. By contrast, in other situations, the half-life may vary depending on the amount of material. For example, the half-life of a chemical someone ingests might depend on the quantity.\n\nIn biology, a half-life is the time taken for a substance to lose half its effects. The most obvious instance is drugs; the half-life is the time it takes for their effect to halve, or for half of the substance to leave the body. The half-life of caffeine is around 6 hours, but (as with most biological half-lives) numerous factors can alter that number. People with compromised liver function or certain genes will take longer to metabolize caffeine. Consumption of grapefruit juice has been shown in some studies to slow caffeine metabolism. It takes around 24 hours for a dose of caffeine to fully leave the body.\n\nThe half-lives of drugs vary from a few seconds to several weeks. To complicate matters, biological half-lives vary for different parts of the body. Lead has a half-life of around a month in the blood, but a decade in bone. Plutonium in bone has a half-life of a century — more than double the time for the liver.\n\nMarketers refer to the half-life of a campaign — the time taken to receive half the total responses. Unsurprisingly, this time varies among media. A paper catalog may have a half-life of about three weeks, whereas a tweet might have a half-life of a few minutes. Calculating this time is important for establishing how frequently a message should be sent.\n\n“Every day that we read the news we have the possibility of being confronted with a fact about our world that is wildly different from what we thought we knew.”\n\n— Samuel Arbesman\n\nThe Half-Life of Facts\n\nIn The Half-Life of Facts: Why Everything We Know Has an Expiration Date, Samuel Arbesman (see our Knowledge Project interview) posits that facts decay over time until they are no longer facts or perhaps no longer complete. According to Arbesman, information has a predictable half-life: the time taken for half of it to be replaced or disproved. Over time, one group of facts replaces another. As our tools and knowledge become more advanced, we can discover more — sometimes new things that contradict what we thought we knew, sometimes nuances about old things. Sometimes we discover a whole area that we didn’t know about.\n\nThe rate of these discoveries varies. Our body of engineering knowledge changes more slowly, for example, than does our body of psychological knowledge.\n\nArbesman studied the nature of facts. The field was born in 1947, when mathematician Derek J. de Solla Price was arranging a set of philosophical books on his shelf. Price noted something surprising: the sizes of the books fit an exponential curve. His curiosity piqued, he began to see whether the same curve applied to science as a whole. Price established that the quantity of scientific data available was doubling every 15 years. This meant that some of the information had to be rendered obsolete with time.\n\nScientometrics shows us that facts are always changing, and much of what we know is (or soon will be) incorrect. Indeed, much of the available published research, however often it is cited, has never been reproduced and cannot be considered true. In a controversial paper entitled “Why Most Published Research Findings Are False,” John Ioannides covers the rampant nature of poor science. Many researchers are incentivized to find results that will please those giving them funding. Intense competition makes it essential to find new information, even if it is found in a dubious manner. Yet we all have a tendency to turn a blind eye when beliefs we hold dear are disproved and to pay attention only to information confirming our existing opinions.\n\nAs an example, Arbesman points to the number of chromosomes in a human cell. Up until 1965, 48 was the accepted number that medical students were taught. (In 1953, it had been declared an established fact by a leading cytologist). Yet in 1956, two researchers, Joe Hin Tjio and Albert Levan, made a bold assertion. They declared the true number to be 46. During their research, Tjio and Levan could never find the number of chromosomes they expected. Discussing the problem with their peers, they discovered they were not alone. Plenty of other researchers found themselves two chromosomes short of the expected 48. Many researchers even abandoned their work because of this perceived error. But Tjio and Levan were right (for now, anyway). Although an extra two chromosomes seems like a minor mistake, we don’t know the opportunity costs of the time researchers invested in faulty hypotheses or the value of the work that was abandoned. It was an emperor’s-new-clothes situation, and anyone counting 46 chromosomes assumed they were the ones making the error.\n\nAs Arbesman puts it, facts change incessantly. Many of us have seen the ironic (in hindsight) doctor-endorsed cigarette ads from the past. A glance at a newspaper will doubtless reveal that meat or butter or sugar has gone from deadly to saintly, or vice versa. We forget that laughable, erroneous beliefs people once held are not necessarily any different from those we now hold. The people who believed that the earth was the center of the universe, or that some animals appeared out of nowhere or that the earth was flat, were not stupid. They just believed facts that have since decayed. Arbesman gives the example of a dermatology test that had the same question two years running, with a different answer each time. This is unsurprising considering the speed at which our world is changing.\n\nAs Arbesman points out, in the last century the world’s population has swelled from 2 billion to 7 billion, we have taken on space travel, and we have altered the very definition of science.\n\nOur world seems to be in constant flux. With our knowledge changing all the time, even the most informed people can barely keep up. All this change may seem random and overwhelming (Dinosaurs have feathers? When did that happen?), but it turns out there is actually order within the shifting noise. This order is regular and systematic and is one that can be described by science and mathematics.\n\nThe order Arbesman describes mimics the decay of radioactive elements. Whenever new information is discovered, we can be sure it will break down and be proved wrong at some point. As with a radioactive atom, we don’t know precisely when that will happen, but we know it will occur at some point.\n\nIf we zoom out and look at a particular body of knowledge, the random decay becomes orderly. Through probabilistic thinking, we can predict the half-life of a group of facts with the same certainty with which we can predict the half-life of a radioactive atom. The problem is that we rarely consider the half-life of information. Many people assume that whatever they learned in school remains true years or decades later. Medical students who learned in university that cells have 48 chromosomes would not learn later in life that this is wrong unless they made an effort to do so.\n\nOK, so we know that our knowledge will decay. What do we do with this information? Arbesman says,\n\n… simply knowing that knowledge changes like this isn’t enough. We would end up going a little crazy as we frantically tried to keep up with the ever changing facts around us, forever living on some sort of informational treadmill. But it doesn’t have to be this way because there are patterns. Facts change in regular and mathematically understandable ways. And only by knowing the pattern of our knowledge evolution can we be better prepared for its change.\n\nRecent initiatives have sought to calculate the half-life of an academic paper. Ironically, academic journals have largely neglected research into how people use them and how best to fund the efforts of researchers. Research by Philip Davis shows the time taken for a paper to receive half of its total downloads. Davis’s results are compelling. While most forms of media have a half-life measured in days or even hours, 97 percent of academic papers have a half-life longer than a year. Engineering papers have a slightly shorter half-life than other fields of research, with double the average (6 percent) having a half-life of under a year. This makes sense considering what we looked at earlier in this post. Health and medical publications have the shortest overall half-life: two to three years. Physics, mathematics, and humanities publications have the longest half-lives: two to four years.\n\nThe Half-Life of Secrets\n\nAccording to Peter Swire, writing in “The Declining Half-Life of Secrets,” the half-life of secrets (by which Swire generally means classified information) is shrinking. In the past, a government secret could be kept for over 25 years. Nowadays, hacks and leaks have shrunk that time considerably. Swire writes:\n\nDuring the Cold War, the United States developed the basic classification system that exists today. Under Executive Order 13526, an executive agency must declassify its documents after 25 years unless an exception applies, with stricter rules if documents stay classified for 50 years or longer. These time frames are significant, showing a basic mind-set of keeping secrets for a time measured in decades.\n\nSwire notes that there are three main causes: “the continuing effects of Moore’s Law — or the idea that computing power doubles every two years, the sociology of information technologists, and the different source and methods for signals intelligence today compared with the Cold War.” One factor is that spreading leaked information is easier than ever. In the past, it was often difficult to get information published. Newspapers feared legal repercussions if they shared classified information. Anyone can now release secret information, often anonymously, as with WikiLeaks. Governments cannot as easily rely on media gatekeepers to cover up leaks.\n\nRapid changes in technology or geopolitics often reduce the value of classified information, so the value of some, but not all, classified information also has a half-life. Sometimes it’s days or weeks, and sometimes it’s years. For some secrets, it’s not worth investing the massive amount of computer time that would be needed to break them because by the time you crack the code, the information you wanted to know might have expired.\n\n(As an aside, if you were to invert the problem of all these credit card and SSN leaks, you might conclude that reducing the value of possessing this information would be more effective than spending money to secure it.)\n\n“Our policy (at Facebook) is literally to hire as many talented engineers as we can find. The whole limit in the system is that there are not enough people who are trained and have these skills today.”\n\n— Mark Zuckerberg\n\nThe Half-Lives of Careers and Business Models\n\nThe issue with information having a half-life should be obvious. Many fields depend on individuals with specialized knowledge, learned through study or experience or both. But what if those individuals are failing to keep up with changes and clinging to outdated facts? What if your doctor is offering advice that has been rendered obsolete since they finished medical school? What if your own degree or qualifications are actually useless? These are real problems, and knowing about half-lives will help you make yourself more adaptable.\n\nWhile figures for the half-lives of most knowledge-based careers are hard to find, we do know the half-life of an engineering career. A century ago, it would take 35 years for half of what an engineer learned when earning their degree to be disproved or replaced. By the 1960s, that time span shrank to a mere decade. Today that figure is probably even lower.\n\nIn 1966 paper entitled “The Dollars and Sense of Continuing Education,” Thomas Jones calculated the effort that would be required for an engineer to stay up to date, assuming a 10-year half-life. According to Jones, an engineer would need to devote at least five hours per week, 48 weeks a year, to stay up to date with new advancements. A typical degree requires about 4800 hours of work. Within 10 years, the information learned during 2400 of those hours would be obsolete. The five-hour figure does not include the time necessary to revise forgotten information that is still relevant. A 40-year career as an engineer would require 9600 hours of independent study.\n\nKeep in mind that Jones made his calculations in the 1960s. Modern estimates place the half-life of an engineering degree at between 2.5 and 5 years, requiring between 10 and 20 hours of study per week. Welcome to the treadmill, where you have to run faster and faster so that you don’t fall behind.\n\nUnsurprisingly, putting in this kind of time is simply impossible for most people. The result is an ever-shrinking length of a typical engineer’s career and a bias towards hiring recent graduates. A partial escape from this time-consuming treadmill that offers little progress is to recognize the continuous need for learning. If you agree with that, it becomes easier to place time and emphasis on developing heuristics and systems to foster learning. The faster the pace of knowledge change, the more valuable the skill of learning becomes.\n\nA study by PayScale found that the median age of workers in most successful technology companies is substantially lower than that of other industries. Of 32 companies, just six had a median worker age above 35, despite the average across all workers being just over 42. Eight of the top companies had a median worker age of 30 or below — 28 for Facebook, 29 for Google, and 26 for Epic Games. The upshot is that salaries are high for those who can stay current while gaining years of experience.\n\nIn a similar vein, business models have ever shrinking half-lives. The nature of capitalism is that you have to be better last year than you were this year — not to gain market share but to maintain what you already have. If you want to get ahead, you need asymmetry; otherwise, you get lost in trench warfare. How long would it take for half of Uber or Facebook’s business models to be irrelevant? It’s hard to imagine it being more than a couple of years or even months.\n\nIn The Business Model Innovation Factory: How to Stay Relevant When the World Is Changing, Saul Kaplan highlights the changing half-lives of business models. In the past, models could last for generations. The majority of CEOs oversaw a single business for their entire careers. Business schools taught little about agility or pivoting. Kaplan writes:\n\nDuring the industrial era once the basic rules for how a company creates, delivers, and captures value were established[,] they became etched in stone, fortified by functional silos, and sustained by reinforcing company cultures. All of a company’s DNA, energy, and resources were focused on scaling the business model and beating back competition attempting to do a better job executing the same business model. Companies with nearly identical business models slugged it out for market share within well-defined industry sectors.\n\n\nThose days are over. The industrial era is not coming back. The half-life of a business model is declining. Business models just don’t last as long as they used to. In the twenty-first century business leaders are unlikely to manage a single business for an entire career. Business leaders are unlikely to hand down their businesses to the next generation of leaders with the same business model they inherited from the generation before.\n\nThe Burden of Knowledge\n\nThe flip side of a half-life is the time it takes to double something. A useful guideline to calculate the time it takes for something to double is to divide 70 by the rate of growth. This formula isn’t perfect, but it gives a good indication. Known as the Rule of 70, it applies only to exponential growth when the relative growth rate remains consistent, such as with compound interest.\n\nThe higher the rate of growth, the shorter the doubling time. For example, if the population of a city is increasing by 2 percent per year, we divide 70 by 2 to get a doubling time of 35 years. The rule of 70 is a useful heuristic; population growth of 2 percent might seem low, but your perspective might change when you consider that the city’s population could double in just 35 years. The Rule of 70 can also be used to calculate the time for an investment to double in value; for example, $100 at 7 percent compound interest will double in just a decade and quadruple in 20 years. The average newborn baby doubles its birth weight in under four months. The average doubling time for a tumor is also four months.\n\nWe can see how information changes in the figures for how long it takes for a body of knowledge to double in size. The figures quoted by Arbesman (drawn from Little Science, Big Science … and Beyond by Derek J. de Solla Price) are compelling, including:\n\n  • Time for the number of entries in a dictionary of national biographies to double: 100 years\n  • Time for the number of universities to double: 50 years\n  • Time for the number of known chemical compounds to double: 15 years\n  • Time for the number of known asteroids to double: 10 years\n\nArbesman also gives figures for the time taken for the available knowledge in a particular field to double, including:\n\n  • Medicine: 87 years\n  • Mathematics: 63 years\n  • Chemistry: 35 years\n  • Genetics: 32 years\n\n\nThe corollary is that because there is so much to know, we specialize in very niche areas. This makes it easier to grasp the existing body of facts, keep up to date on changes, and rise to the level of expert. The problem is that specializing also makes it easier to see the world through the narrow focus of your specialty, makes it harder to work with other people (as niches are often dominated by jargon), and makes you prone to overvalue the new and novel.\n\n\nAs we have seen, understanding how half-lives work has numerous practical applications, from determining when radioactive materials will become safe to figuring out effective drug dosages. Half-lives also show us that if we spend time learning something that changes quickly, we might be wasting our time. Like Alice in Wonderland — and a perfect example of the Red Queen Effect — we have to run faster and faster just to keep up with where we are. So if we want our knowledge to compound, we’ll need to focus on the invariant general principles.\n\n\nMembers can discuss this post on the Learning Community Forum.\n\nActivation Energy: Why Getting Started Is the Hardest Part\n\nThe beginning of any complex or challenging endeavor is always the hardest part. Not all of us wake up and jump out of bed ready for the day. Some of us, like me, need a little extra energy to transition out of sleep and into the day. Once I’ve had a cup of coffee, my energy level jumps and I’m good for the rest of the day. Chemical reactions work in much the same way. They need their coffee, too. We call this activation energy.\n\nUnderstanding how this works can be a useful perspective as part of our latticework of mental models.\n\nWhether you use chemistry in your everyday work or have tried your best not to think about it since school, the ideas behind activation energy are simple and useful outside of chemistry. Understanding the principle can, for example, help you get kids to eat their vegetables, motivate yourself and others, and overcome inertia.\n\nHow Activation Energy Works in Chemistry\n\nChemical reactions need a certain amount of energy to begin working. Activation energy is the minimum energy required to cause a reaction to occur.\n\nTo understand activation energy, we must first think about how a chemical reaction occurs.\n\nAnyone who has ever lit a fire will have an intuitive understanding of the process, even if they have not connected it to chemistry.\n\nMost of us have a general feel for the heat necessary to start flames. We know that putting a single match to a large log will not be sufficient and a flame thrower would be excessive. We also know that damp or dense materials will require more heat than dry ones. The imprecise amount of energy we know we need to start a fire is representative of the activation energy.\n\nFor a reaction to occur, existing bonds must break and new ones form. A reaction will only proceed if the products are more stable than the reactants. In a fire, we convert carbon in the form of wood into CO2 and is a more stable form of carbon than wood, so the reaction proceeds and in the process produces heat. In this example, the activation energy is the initial heat required to get the fire started. Our effort and spent matches are representative of this.\n\nWe can think of activation energy as the barrier between the minima (smallest necessary values) of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.\n\nThe Arrhenius Equation\n\nSvante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist, established the existence of activation energy in 1889.\n\nArrhenius equation\n\nArrhenius developed his eponymous equation to describe the correlation between temperature and reaction rate.\n\nThe Arrhenius equation is crucial for calculating the rates of chemical reactions and, importantly, the quantity of energy necessary to start them.\n\nIn the Arrhenius equation, K is the reaction rate coefficient (the rate of reaction). A is the frequency factor (how often molecules collide), R is the universal gas constant (units of energy per temperature increment per mole), T represents the absolute temperature (usually measured in kelvins), and E is the activation energy.\n\nIt is not necessary to know the value of A to calculate Ea as this can be figured out from the variation in reaction rate coefficients in relation to temperature. Like many equations, it can be rearranged to calculate different values. The Arrhenius equation is used in many branches of chemistry.\n\nWhy Activation Energy Matters\n\nUnderstanding the energy necessary for a reaction to occur gives us control over our surroundings.\n\nReturning to the example of fire, our intuitive knowledge of activation energy keeps us safe. Many chemical reactions have high activation energy requirements, so they do not proceed without an additional input. We all know that a book on a desk is flammable, but will not combust without heat application. At room temperature, we need not see the book as a fire hazard. If we light a candle on the desk, we know to move the book away.\n\nIf chemical reactions did not have reliable activation energy requirements, we would live in a dangerous world.\n\n\nChemical reactions which require substantial amounts of energy can be difficult to control.\n\nIncreasing temperature is not always a viable source of energy due to costs, safety issues, or simple impracticality. Chemical reactions that occur within our bodies, for example, cannot use high temperatures as a source of activation energy. Consequently, it is sometimes necessary to reduce the activation energy required.\n\nSpeeding up a reaction by lowering the rate of activation energy required is called catalysis. This is done with an additional substance known as a catalyst, which is generally not consumed in the reaction. In principle, you only need a tiny amount of catalyst to cause catalysis.\n\nCatalysts work by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy requirements. Consequently, more of the particles have sufficient energy to react. Catalysts are used in industrial scale reactions to lower costs.\n\nReturning to the fire example, we know that attempting to light a large log with a match is rarely effective. Adding some paper will provide an alternative pathway and serve as a catalyst — firestarters do the same.\n\nWithin our bodies, enzymes serve as catalysts in vital reactions (such as building DNA.)\n\n“Energy can have two dimensions. One is motivated, going somewhere, a goal somewhere, this moment is only a means and the goal is going to be the dimension of activity, goal oriented-then everything is a means, somehow it has to be done and you have to reach the goal, then you will relax. But for this type of energy, the goal never comes because this type of energy goes on changing every present moment into a means for something else, into the future. The goal always remains on the horizon. You go on running, but the distance remains the same.\nNo, there is another dimension of energy: that dimension is unmotivated celebration. The goal is here, now; the goal is not somewhere else. In fact, you are the goal. In fact, there is no other fulfillment than that of this moment–consider the lilies. When you are the goal and when the goal is not in the future, when there is nothing to be achieved, rather you are just celebrating it, then you have already achieved it, it is there. This is relaxation, unmotivated energy.”\n\n— Osho, Tantra\n\nApplying the Concept of Activation Energy to Our Daily Lives\n\nAlthough activation energy is a scientific concept, we can use it as a practical mental model.\n\nReturning to the morning coffee example, many of the things we do each day depend upon an initial push.\n\nTake the example of a class of students set an essay for their coursework. Each student requires a different sort of activation energy for them to get started. For one student, it might be hearing their friend say she has already finished hers. For another, it might be blocking social media and turning off their phone. A different student might need a few cans of Red Bull and an impending deadline. Or, for another, reading an interesting article on the topic which provides a spark of inspiration. The act of writing an essay necessitates a certain sort of energy.\n\nGetting kids to eat their vegetables can be a difficult process. In this case, incentives can act as a catalyst. “You can’t have your dessert until you eat your vegetables” is not only a psychological play on incentives; it also often requires less energy than constantly fighting with the kids to eat their vegetables. Once kids eat a carrot, they generally eat another one and another one. While they still want dessert, you won’t have to remind them each time, so you’ll save a lot of energy.\n\nThe concept of activation energy can also apply to making drastic life changes. Anyone who has ever done something dramatic and difficult (such as quitting an addiction, leaving an abusive relationship, quitting a long-term job, or making crucial lifestyle changes) knows that it is necessary to reach a breaking point first. The bigger and more challenging an action is, the more activation energy we require to do it.\n\nOur coffee drinker might crave little activation energy (a cup or two) to begin their day if they are well rested. Meanwhile, it will take a whole lot more coffee for them to get going if they slept badly and have a dull day to get through.\n\n\nTo understand and use the concept of activation energy in our lives does not require a degree in chemistry. While the concept as used by scientists is complex, we can use the basic idea.\n\nIt is no coincidence that many of most useful mental models in our latticework originate from science. There is something quite poetic about the way in which human behavior mirrors what occurs at a microscopic level.\n\nFor other examples, look to Occam’s Razor, falsification, feedback loops, and equilibrium.\n\nAlexander von Humboldt and the Invention of Nature: Creating a Holistic View of the World Through A Web of Interdisciplinary Knowledge\n\nIn his piece in 2014’s Edge collection This Idea Must Die: Scientific Theories That Are Blocking Progress, dinosaur paleontologist Scott Sampson writes that science needs to “subjectify” nature. By “subjectify”, he essentially means to see ourselves connected with nature, and therefore care about it the same way we do the people with whom we are connected.\n\nThat’s not the current approach. He argues: “One of the most prevalent ideas in science is that nature consists of objects. Of course, the very practice of science is grounded in objectivity. We objectify nature so that we can measure it, test it, and study it, with the ultimate goal of unraveling its secrets. Doing so typically requires reducing natural phenomena to their component parts.”\n\nBut this approach is ultimately failing us.\n\nWhy? Because much of our unsustainable behavior can be traced to a broken relationship with nature, a perspective that treats the nonhuman world as a realm of mindless, unfeeling objects. Sustainability will almost certainly depend upon developing mutually enhancing relations between humans and nonhuman nature.\n\nThis isn’t a new plea, though. Over 200 years ago, the famous naturalist Alexander Von Humboldt (1769-1859) was facing the same challenges.\n\nIn her compelling book The Invention of Nature: Alexander Von Humboldt’s New World, Andrea Wulf explores Humboldt as the first person to publish works promoting a holistic view of nature, arguing that nature could only be understood in relation to the subjectivity of experiencing it.\n\nFascinated by scientific instruments, measurements and observations, he was driven by a sense of wonder as well. Of course nature had to be measured and analyzed, but he also believed that a great part of our response to the natural world should be based on the senses and emotions.\n\nHumboldt was a rock star scientist who ignored conventional boundaries in his exploration of nature. Humboldt’s desire to know and understand the world led him to investigate discoveries in all scientific disciplines, and to see the interwoven patterns embedded in this knowledge — mental models anyone?\n\n\nHumboldt grew up in a world where science was dry, nature mechanical, and man an aloof and separate chronicler of what was before him. Not only did Humboldt have a new vision of what our understanding of nature could be, but he put humans in the middle of it.\n\nHumboldt’s Essay on the Geography of Plants promoted an entirely different understanding of nature. Instead of only looking at an organism, … Humboldt now presented relationships between plants, climate and geography. Plants were grouped into zones and regions rather than taxonomic units. … He gave western science a new lens through which to view the natural world.\n\nRevolutionary for his time, Humboldt rejected the Cartesian ideas of animals as mechanical objects. He also argued passionately against the growing approach in the sciences that put man atop and separate from the rest of the natural world. Promoting a concept of unity in nature, Humboldt saw nature as a “reflection of the whole … an organism in which the parts only worked in relation to each other.”\n\nFurthermore, that “poetry was necessary to comprehend the mysteries of the natural world.”\n\nWulf paints one of Humboldt’s greatest achievements as his ability and desire to make science available to everyone. No one before him had “combined exact observation with a ‘painterly description of the landscape”.\n\nBy contrast, Humboldt took his readers into the crowded streets of Caracas, across the dusty plains of the Llanos and deep into the rainforest along the Orinoco. As he described a continent that few British had ever seen, Humboldt captured their imagination. His words were so evocative, the Edinburgh Review wrote, that ‘you partake in his dangers; you share his fears, his success and his disappointment.’\n\nIn a time when travel was precarious, expensive and unavailable to most people, Humboldt brought his experiences to anyone who could read or listen.\n\nOn 3 November 1827, … Humboldt began a series of sixty-one lectures at the university. These proved so popular that he added another sixteen at Berlin’s music hall from 6 December. For six months he delivered lectures several days a week. Hundreds of people attended each talk, which Humboldt presented without reading from his notes. It was lively, exhilarating and utterly new. By not charging any entry fee, Humboldt democratized science: his packed audiences ranged from the royal family to coachmen, from students to servants, from scholars to bricklayers – and half of those attending were women. Berlin had never seen anything like it.\n\nThe subjectification of nature is about seeing nature, experiencing it. Humboldt was a master of bringing people to worlds they couldn’t visit, allowing them to feel a part of it. In doing so, he wanted to force humanity to see itself in nature. If we were all part of the giant web, then we all had a responsibility to understand it.\n\nWhen he listed the three ways in which the human species was affecting the climate, he named deforestation, ruthless irrigation and, perhaps most prophetically, the ‘great masses of steam and gas’ produced in the industrial centres. No one but Humboldt had looked at the relationship between humankind and nature like this before.\n\nHis final opus, a series of books called Cosmos, was the culmination of everything that Humboldt had learned and discovered.\n\nCosmos was unlike any previous book about nature. Humboldt took his readers on a journey from outer space to earth, and then from the surface of the planet into its inner core. He discussed comets, the Milky Way and the solar system as well as terrestrial magnetism, volcanoes and the snow line of mountains. He wrote about the migration of the human species, about plants and animals and the microscopic organisms that live in stagnant water or on the weathered surface of rocks. Where others insisted that nature was stripped of its magic as humankind penetrated into its deepest secrets, Humboldt believed exactly the opposite. How could this be, Humboldt asked, in a world in which the coloured rays of an aurora ‘unite in a quivering sea flame’, creating a sight so otherworldly ‘the splendour of which no description can reach’? Knowledge, he said, could never ‘kill the creative force of imagination’ – instead it brought excitement, astonishment and wondrousness.\n\nThis is the ultimate subjectivity of nature. Being inspired by its beauty to try and understand how it works. Humboldt had respect for nature, for the wonders it contained, but also as the system in which we ourselves are an inseparable part.\n\nWulf concludes at the end that Humboldt,\n\n…was one of the last polymaths, and died at a time when scientific disciplines were hardening into tightly fenced and more specialized fields. Consequently his more holistic approach – a scientific method that included art, history, poetry and politics alongside hard data – has fallen out of favour.\n\nMaybe this is where the subjectivity of nature has gone. But we can learn from Humboldt the value of bringing it back.\n\nIn a world where we tend to draw a sharp line between the sciences and the arts, between the subjective and the objective, Humboldt’s insight that we can only truly understand nature by using our imagination makes him a visionary.\n\nA little imagination is all it takes.\n\n\n\nOccam’s razor can be summarized as such:\n\n\nThe Basics\n\n\n\n\n\nThe History of Occam’s Razor\n\n\n\n\n\nMental Model Occam's Razor\n\nExamples of the Use of Occam’s Razor\n\n\n\n\n\nThe Development of Scientific Theories\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPrison Abolition and Fair Punishment\n\n\n\n\nCrime solving and forensic work\n\n\n\nExceptions and Issues\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHow To Mentally Overachieve — Charles Darwin’s Reflections On His Own Mind\n\nWe’ve written quite a bit about the marvelous British naturalist Charles Darwin, who with his Origin of Species created perhaps the most intense intellectual debate in human history, one which continues up to this day.\n\nDarwin’s Origin was a courageous and detailed thought piece on the nature and development of biological species. It’s the starting point for nearly all of modern biology.\n\nBut, as we’ve noted before, Darwin was not a man of pure IQ. He was not Issac Newton, or Richard Feynman, or Albert Einstein — breezing through complex mathematical physics at a young age.\n\nCharlie Munger thinks Darwin would have placed somewhere in the middle of a good private high school class. He was also in notoriously bad health for most of his adult life and, by his son’s estimation, a terrible sleeper. He really only worked a few hours a day in the many years leading up to the Origin of Species.\n\nYet his “thinking work” outclassed almost everyone. An incredible story.\n\nIn his autobiography, Darwin reflected on this peculiar state of affairs. What was he good at that led to the result? What was he so weak at? Why did he achieve better thinking outcomes? As he put it, his goal was to:\n\n\nIn studying Darwin ourselves, we hope to better appreciate our own strengths and weaknesses and, not to mention understand the working methods of a “mental overachiever.\n\nLet’s explore what Darwin saw in himself.\n\n\n1. He did not have a quick intellect or an ability to follow long, complex, or mathematical reasoning. He may have been a bit hard on himself, but Darwin realized that he wasn’t a “5 second insight” type of guy (and let’s face it, most of us aren’t). His life also proves how little that trait matters if you’re aware of it and counter-weight it with other methods.\n\n\n2. He did not feel easily able to write clearly and concisely. He compensated by getting things down quickly and then coming back to them later, thinking them through again and again. Slow, methodical….and ridiculously effective: For those who haven’t read it, the Origin of Species is extremely readable and clear, even now, 150 years later.\n\n\n\n3. He forced himself to be an incredibly effective and organized collector of information. Darwin’s system of reading and indexing facts in large portfolios is worth emulating, as is the habit of taking down conflicting ideas immediately.\n\n\n4. He had possibly the most valuable trait in any sort of thinker: A passionate interest in understanding reality and putting it in useful order in his headThis “Reality Orientation” is hard to measure and certainly does not show up on IQ tests, but probably determines, to some extent, success in life.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5. Most inspirational to us of average intellect, he outperformed his own mental aptitude with these good habits, surprising even himself with the results.\n\n\n\nStill Interested? Read his autobiography, his The Origin of Species, or check out David Quammen’s wonderful short biography of the most important period of Darwin’s life. Also, if you missed it, check out our prior post on Darwin’s Golden Rule.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8994603753089905}
+{"content": "Writing Roundup 2018: The Bad, The Good, and The Beautiful\n\nWell, for the last blog entry of the year, it’s time for 2018’s Writing Roundup. I’ll start with the bad news.\n\n2018 was my worst year for short story sales since 2014. I was only able to sell two stories to new markets, though I am proud of both sales. “Iron Out Of Vulcan,” about a strange apocalypse that spared only the disabled, appeared in the anthology Battling In All Her Finery, and “In The Republic Of The Blind,” a military Space Opera originally written for (of all things) an anthology on Space Marine Midwives (which as far as I know never launched) sold to Amazing Stories. Of course, it is always nice to crack a new pro magazine market, so that is the silver lining.\n\nHowever, 2018 was also my best year for actually writing, possibly in my life. The first part of the year was taken up by receiving my very first novel contract, which takes a bit of the sting out of the aforementioned short fiction sales slump, from Digital Fiction Pub, for a 53,000-word middle-grade science-fiction adventure on the moon with the tentative title of The Girl Who Wasn’t There. This should be released in 2019.\nThe next major project that I tackled was the rewriting (at the request of a Publisher-Who-Cannot-Be-Named) of a manuscript I had previously submitted, tentatively titled Beneath The Verdant Tide.\nAnd finally, I finished the draft of the full novel-length version of A Doctor To Dragons, which is tentatively titled All Things Huge and Hideous. I hope to have this released in early 2019, but if you want an early look, the chapters are being released each month to my Patreon backers.\n\nMy first novel manuscript took me five years to finish. This year I knocked out two while revising a third, so I’d say that this represents a major leap forward in my production, including the discovery of the fact that I am indeed capable of writing a novel LESS than 125,000 words in length.\n\nAll in all, a good year, and I can’t wait for the next one. I hope all my readers feel the same. May the New Year bring you all the best.\n\nScott Huggins\n\nA Modest Proposal: The Bombadil Scale of Sidequests\n\nA friend recently asked in a open forum what the proper size of a sidequest in a novel should be. We all know sidequests: those are the moments in which the characters pause in the middle of their Main Quest to do Something Else. What the Something Else may be has a huge (but not the only) effect on its proper size. This got me thinking, and I would like to propose the following system of measurement:\n\nThe SI unit of measure for a sidequest is the bombadil. One bombadil is the amount of gratuitous sidequest necessary to make 50% of readers give up on their first readthrough. No sidequest should ever measure more than 0.05 bombadils, though famous authors may push it to 0.1 bombadil.\n\nThe amount of prose necessary to comprise a bombadil is variable, and depends on the general tediousness of the sidequest, the characters involved in the sidequest, how much they grow in the sidequest, and how it affects the progress of the Main Quest. Of course, it also depends on the raw length of the sidequest, but that is not as important as you might think. A truly gifted writer can make the sidequest just as important as the Main Quest.\n\nSo let’s look at the archetypal case. In The Fellowship Of The Ring, our heroes, Frodo, Sam, Merry, and Pippin, all get ensorcelled by an evil tree and freed by Tom Bombadil, a mysterious humanoid who takes them home to his just-as-strange wife for dinner. Bombadil later frees them from an evil barrow-wight and arms them with the treasure it was guarding. Breaking it down we have:\n\nT = general Tediousness: Very High. The characters eat and sleep and listen to childish lyric poetry (10), slightly offset by them getting into two spots of serious and interesting trouble (-2): 8\nS = characters exclusive to the Sidequest: 2 (lowest value for this variable is 1)\nM = characters on the Main Quest: 4\ng = growth of the characters because of the sidequest: Significant, but small. Frodo shows that he is capable of thinking, fighting and securing a temporary victory at need: 4\nD = What it Diverts from: Walking to the nearest town. This is difficult, because on the one hand, diverting us from something that should be skipped right over adds tedium, but diverting us in the middle of something absolutely critical to the main plotline is worse, so this defies an easy, linear scale. Allow negative numbers on this one, with zero being the value at which the plot is progressing at a steady, unhurried, pace: Just walking along: -2\nFinally, we introduce 4 as a constant, because all great equations have constants, and because a sidequest is only about a quarter as interesting as the main quest at best, a fact writers should ALWAYS remember, regardless of how clever they find themselves.\n\nThis gives us the following equation:\n\nTSD²/4Mg = Qs (Sidequest value in bombadils)\n\nAnd plugging in our values, we get:\n\n8*2*2²/4*4*4 = 1 bombadil.\n\nInitially, I had been going to factor in the sidequest’s ultimate importance to the story, whch would have made the score lower because one of the hobbit’s weapons, acquired on this sidequest, ultimately helps to destroy the Lord of the Nazgul. But the point is that we do not know that, and therefore it has no effect on whether or not the reader gets bored to death and puts the book down.\n\nSo, for some examples:\n\nThe Empire Strikes Back: Luke’s training sequence on Dagobah: Qs = 0.05 bombadil\nT = 5 (cool Jedi powers and a fight with ghost-Vader, offset by boring platitudes on Planet Swamp).\nS = 1\nD = 0.5 (an increasingly-tense hunt for the Falcon, but Luke has to have a storyline of his own)\nM = 1 (no, Artoo doesn’t count)\ng = 6 (Luke becomes at least half a Jedi, but undisciplined.\n\nThe Eye Of The World: Perrin and Egwene’s sojourn with Elyas: Qs = 0.25 bombadils\nT = 4 (It’s Jordan’s incredibly-detailed prose, but the whole thing with the wolves is awesome)\nS = 1 (Elyas)\nD = 1 (It’s about on pace with everything else)\nM = 2 (Perrin and Egwene)\ng = 8 (This sidequest basically starts Perrin’s character arc as a badass)\n\nMoby Dick: The chapter on whales: Qs = 36 bombadils \nT = 9. A lecture on whales. In the middle of a novel. Only not a 10 because whales are inherently cool.\nS = 1\nD = -2 (for being Moby Dick. They’re sailing.)\nM = 1 (Ishmael)\ng = 1 (he learns about whales)\n\nIt: That one scene near the end as the kids escape the recently-defeated It. Yeah. THAT one: Qs = 96 bombadils\nT = (the exact number defies description, but the Ick factor makes me conservatively estimate it, on a scale of 1 to 10 at) 27.\nS = 1\nD = 5 (seriously, the book was OVER).\nM = 7\ng = 1 (in a really disgusting way)\n\nNote that when main characters are uninvolved in the sidequest, you are approaching infinite bombadils, and should just stop.\n\nSo, there you have it, a completely objective and indisputable method for solving the worth of various sidequests. You’re welcome.\n\n\nRelease Day: Iron Out Of Vulcan!\n\n\nAnd just for your enjoyment: an excerpt:\n\nDefinitely a motorcycle.\n\n\n\n\n“She’d be swearing more,” Eric grunted.\n\n\n\n\n\nWe needed people desperate enough to live free.\n\nReturn To Amazing Stories!\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8497496843338013}
+{"content": "• SLAPP suits create a David-versus-Goliath battle between free speech, free press and corporate-political complainants\n\n    Defamation suits can be filed at any of the 600-plus district courts across the country, furthering complainants’ objective to harass adversaries by forcing them to engage in long-drawn, financially draining legal battles.\n\n    Karan Kumar\n\n    October 20, 2018\n\n    Image Courtesy: The Leaflet\n\n    SLAPP, in line with the term’s literal perusal, is an acronym for Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation. These are cases filed to shut down any criticism, regardless of its authenticity. Intrinsically linked with the Freedom of Speech guaranteed by Article 19(1)(a), SLAPP suits have not yet garnered the requisite judicial scrutiny. The only relevant instance of the higher Indian judiciary taking cognisance of the threats SLAPPs pose is the 2009 verdict of the Crop Care Federation of India vs Rajasthan Patrika (Pvt) Ltd case. Here, the Delhi High Court issued a warning with respect to SLAPPs, holding:\n\n    “Free speech and expression is the life blood of democracy. Any action — even civil injunctions, damages, or threat to damages, are bound to chill the exercise of that invaluable right of the people, and the press. By giving such orders, or allowing claims for damages, for perceived injury to reputation, the harm done to freedom of press, which facilitates free flow of ideas is incalculable.”\n\n    How do SLAPPs operate\n\n    These proceedings are usually defamation suits filed by a party to silence any criticism it may have been subject to and are usually characterised by two primary features. First, the complainants possess greater means and resources than the defendants. Hence, such suits are usually demonstrative of a David versus Goliath scenario, with the defendants being individuals such as journalists, activists, academics, or bloggers, pitted against complainants being affluent entities.\n\n    As a general trend, the complainants are substantially more affluent, both in terms of financial and social capital, compared to the defendants.\n\n    The second defining characteristic of the suits is the aspect of harassment they embody. Here, the aforementioned allows the complainants to embroil their critics in long-drawn litigation battles across various judicial forums. The mismatch in resources permits the complainants to indulge in their problematic enterprise whereas the costs of maintaining and sustaining a legal defence takes a massive toll on the defendant, which apart from fulfilling the complainant’s objective of harassment, may even force the defendants into silence.\n\n    They manifest themselves as civil defamation suits claiming exorbitant sums as damages, criminal defamation suits under the Indian Penal Code’s (IPC) Section 499, or simply by relying upon the delaying mechanisms the procedural aspects of the legal system avail.\n\n    Civil suits\n\n    Laws pertaining to civil defamation are not codified, hence adjudication upon such matters is governed by the principles of common law. By virtue of this, the complainants are free to seek exorbitant amounts as damages, which ties into the harassment aspect of such suits. The following are a few instances of such suits:\n\n    A one crore rupee claim made by RK Pachauri, former TERI Chief, against lawyer Vrinda Grover who made public the statements of two of her clients, as the latter had accused Pachauri of sexual harassment.\n\n    A 5 crore rupee claim made by United Phosphorous Limited, a leading pesticide manufacturer against an NGO, Kheti Virasat Mission, for publicly discussing the negative health effects of pesticides.\n\n    A 1,000 crore rupee claim against investigative journalist Josy Joseph by Jet Airways for writing about the alleged links between the airline and gangster Dawood Ibrahim in his book, A Feast Of Vultures.\n\n    A demonstration of these tactics succeeding is the recent stepping down of Paranjoy Guha Thakurta as the editor of Economic & Political Weekly (EPW),following a simple legal notice indicating towards a multi crore defamation suit by Adani Power Ltd unless an article they deemed to be defamatory was taken down. Not only did EPW board of trustees decide to remove the piece from its website, it also asked Guha Thakurta  to not change the editorial format of EPW’s academic inclination by publishing investigative stories in the commentary journal, thereby laying bare the myriad editorial self-censorship that media platforms — even the prestigious and serious ones such as EPW — resort to in order to avoid being trapped in a vicious cycle of SLAPP suit generated adversity.\n\n    “Truth”, a principle at the forefront of investigative and critical endeavours maliciously targeted by SLAPPs,  is an absolute defence in the cases of civil defamation, without the burden of them being published in lieu of public good. This tilts the scales in favour of the defendants vis-à-vis the legal battle, but more often than not these ends are not achieved due to the long-drawn, resource intensive nature of litigation in India.\n\n    Hence, suits filed on frivolous legal grounds with foreseeable outcomes do end up favouring the party who’s position is intuitively opposed to the law.\n\n    Criminal suits\n\n    Criminal defamation suits ensue with the invocation of the draconian Sections 499 and 500 of the IPC, and usually accompany a civil defamation suit. The constitutionality of these colonial era laws were challenged at the Supreme Court in Subramaniam Swamy Vs. The Union of India. The verdict of this case, which potentially could have acted as a shield for citizens against state persecution, is widely considered as a missed opportunity.\n\n    The judgment penned by current Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra held the archaic laws to be in line with the “reasonable restrictions” to free speech as per Article 19(2) of the Constitution. The rationale seems counter-intuitive to the scope of these restrictions as propounded by the 2015 Shreya Singhal verdict, which held them to be “narrowly interpreted so as to…restrict only what is absolutely necessary”.  Also, the Court’s attempt at reading “public interest” within the reasonable restrictions as per Article 19(2), are in direct contradictionwith the holdings of the aforementioned Shreya Singhal verdict, as well as the constitutional bench of the Sakal Papers case. \n\n    Further, the bench failed to address how defamation constitutes a public wrong, a necessary element to affirm its criminality. Additionally, the verdict also read the right to reputation as included within “dignity” availed to each individual as a fundamental right under Article 21, The Right to Life. This judgment encourages the filing of SLAPP suits under the garb of a violation of fundamental rights.\n\n    Other detriments\n\n    Defamation suits can be filed at any of the 600-plus district courts across the country. This legal provision is in furtherance with the complainants’ objective to harass their adversary, by forcing them to travel and engage in legal battles all across the nation.\n\n    Additionally, multiple suits if in case the aggrieved is a company are filed via their employees, adding to the perils of their critiques.\n\n    Also, temporary injunctions as per the CrPC’s Order 29, allows the petitioners to get blanket restraints enforced upon the defendants, stifling all publication till the case’s pendency which drag on for years at end, with the threat of attachment of the defendant’s properties in case of disobedience. The fact that these interim orders are issued by Courts without any kind of substantive hearings, runs the risk of them being insufficiently “reasoned”.\n\n    Demonstrated by the Gujarat High Court order gagging The Wire from running the Jay Shah story, and the Delhi High Court order gagging Cobrapost from reporting upon the sting against Dainik Bhaskar, and the one restoring the gag on the biographical book Godman to Tycoon: The Untold Story of Baba Ramdev. This trend of gagging speech without sufficiently examining the allegations’ veracity, runs the threat of reducing Article 19(1)(a) under the pretext of maintaining the status quo.\n\n    Need for anti-SLAPP legislation\n\n    To stem the growth and to counter the negative implications SLAPP suits have upon free speech which is critical towards the existing power structures, an anti-SLAPP legislation is required, similar to those implemented by 28 states of the USA. These laws avail the defendants to file petitions against them aimed at silencing them, by claiming their exercise of speech is a matter of right, and is a matter of public concern, hence addressing the criminal aspect of defamation as per the current legal scenario.\n\n    This burdens the accusing party to produce evidence substantiating their claims of the defendants’ statement actually causing them harm, making them demonstrate that they actually have grounds to proceed with a suit that may end in their favour. Such laws will prevent filing of cases on frivolous grounds intended to be drawn out over years, as they will prevent the harassment that bogus litigants usually strive to impute upon their adversaries.\n\n\n    First published in The Leaflet.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6997693777084351}
+{"content": "skip navigation\n\nThings You Can Do During and After an Athletic Career\n\n12/24/2018, 7:45pm CST\nBy Jon Firman\n\nDuring their career, athletes need to find things to occupy their time or ways to unwind before and after a big game. Still, professional sports careers don’t last forever. So, what do professional athletes do to keep busy after they retire? Some choose another career path to pursue, while others focus on their hobbies or passions. The following will examine a few hobbies and careers that are popular among current and former athletes alike.\n\n\nOne of the most popular career paths for athletes? Entrepreneurship. Many pro athletes take on a number of business projects and investments during their athletic career and after they retire. Former NBA star Kobe Bryant, for example, has seen a lot of success with his investment in BodyArmor and his company Kobe Inc., an investment firm.\n\nOther athletes who have had a lot of success with entrepreneurship include NBA star LeBron James, current NFL player C. J. Anderson, and former NFL player Marques Harris. James’ interests mainly lie in the entertainment industry, where he co-founded a media company, SpringHill Entertainment. However, he also has a sports marketing firm and several sponsorships. Anderson and Harris have both invested in a wide variety of businesses, including those that specifically benefit athletes.\n\n\nMany athletes have a passion for music, whether they use it for amping them up during training or for chilling out after a big game. Some athletes then go on to either play music in their spare time, or else turn it into a post-sports career. Some examples include NBA player Damian Lillard, who has released two hip hop albums, and former MLB player Bernie Williams, a classically-trained guitarist who has released two jazz albums.\n\n\nFor former athletes, one thing that often never goes away is the desire for competition. That may be why so many former players are drawn to games like poker, where it’s all about beating the competition in a zero-sum contest. Former NBA player Paul Pierce enjoys the challenges and “mental warfare” of poker, calling it a “tough [game] to master.”\n\nAthletes may also see many advantages to playing poker during their career and post-athletic career due to the mental challenges that poker can provide. Former NFL player Richard Seymour said as much when sharing his love for poker and the benefits playing can provide. Playing poker may, over time, improve decision-making skills, patience, concentration, emotional control, math skills, and observational skills. These are all skills that may be developed on the field too, which may help athletes to improve their poker game in turn.\n\nMany current athletes and former athletes also use poker as a way to relax. NBA All-Star Russell Westbrook enjoys playing poker to relax before a big game. Other NBA stars with a love for poker include Charlotte Hornets player Tony Parker and former players Shawn Marion, Earl Barron, and Gilbert Arenas.\n\n\nOne reason former players often make great coaches is because they have the experience needed to better understand the game and the players. They don’t just know game theories and rules, but they have lived and played as athletes, allowing them to better relate to, and bond with, their players.\n\nOne of the most notable players-turned-coaches is Tom Flores, who played football in college and professionally. He is one of only two people in the history of the NFL to win the Super Bowl as a coach and a player (the other being Mike Ditka). As a Chiefs player, Flores won Super Bowl IV, and as a Raiders assistant coach, he won Super Bowl XI. As head coach of the Oakland Raiders and the Los Angeles Raiders, he won Super Bowl XV and Super Bowl XVIII.\n\nSome close-to-home examples of University of Minnesota players-turned-coaches include Phil Bengtson, a college football player who went on to coach NFL teams like the 49ers and the Packers; Bud Wilkinson, a college quarterback who had a successful coaching career as head coach at the University of Oklahoma; and Tony Dungy, a college quarterback and NFL player who later served as a coach for teams like the Steelers and Vikings.\n\n\n\nTalk about Golden Gopher Sports on Other Gopher Sports board.\n\nTag(s): Other Gopher Sports", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7583024501800537}
+{"content": "back To Blog\n\nGetting Smart with Blockchain Based Dapps Development\n\nblockchain app development\n\nA Brief History\n\nSince its release in 2008, the blockchain technology has gained unprecedented attention over the last decade, progressing it into one of today’s most promising inventions. Now, it’s almost impossible to discuss the early years of the blockchain technology without a mention of Bitcoin. The two were practically one and the same thing. Some people still think they are!\n\nFT technology reporter Sally Davies quotes, “Blockchain is to Bitcoin, what the internet is to email. A big electronic system, on top of which you can build applications. Currency is just one.”\n\nIndeed, as of 2014, developers and businesses started to realize that there was more to blockchain than met the eye. True to their expectations, entrepreneurs discovered the different types of operations this technology could apply to other than cryptocurrency. As you can almost guess, this only led to more investments.\n\nToday, the blockchain technology has found useful and has been a real game-changer in industries ranging from healthcare, insurance, supply chains to contract management, transportation, voting, and more. Which leads us to our main topic on blockchain based Dapp development.\n\nGetting Smart with Blockchain\n\nWhat is Blockchain based Dapp Development?\n\nAt its center, blockchain is a decentralized and open ledger upon which transactions between two groups are permanently recorded without third-party authentication. This ledger of records is organized in ‘blocks’ which are linked to each other by cryptographic validation.\n\nThe ledger’s decentralized location and lack of a management entity assure its distribution.  When a transaction is added to the ledger, it cannot be reversed or deleted and remains in public display forever. Hence its resilience and transparency.\n\nDapps are simply open-source applications that make use of the blockchain technology.\n\nThe development of these applications is just starting to gain momentum as developers continue to figure out other ways of leveraging on the blockchain revolution. Here are some features to help you understand better the nature of these decentralized apps:\n\nDecentralized- To avoid the hazards that come with storing a lot of things in one place, all records of the app’s activities are stored on a decentralized and public blockchain.\n\nOpen Source- Ideally, Dapps are self-governing which means that its code base is open for analysis. Any proposition to change the application has to be decided upon by a majority of its users.\n\nProtocol- The same way that Bitcoin and Ethereum use proof of work (POW), the community responsible for the application must come up with a cryptographic algorithm to display proof of value.\n\nIncentivized- You’ve probably come across cryptographic tokens- virtual incentives rewarded to the blockchain validators.\n\nIf you haven’t already wrapped your head around it, Bitcoin was the first ever Dapp to have been developed. The fact that blockchain and Bitcoin were mistaken for the same thing rests on the simple lack of another similar app at that time. Then there came Ethereum.\n\nThe Ethereum Network\n\nThe common goal behind the development of Dapps is to provide solutions to real-world problems. While this is still the primary goal, its developers had much bigger ideas in mind when they built Ethereum.\n\nThe whitepaper for the application clearly stated its intention to create another protocol for the development of decentralized applications with stress on development time, scaling, and security.\n\nTo facilitate its secondary goal, Ethereum developed its very own language, Solidity. This gave its specialists the ability to create smart contracts through the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). With these tools, developers had what they needed to build Dapps with real-life applications ranging from resource planning to asset management. Successfully programmed Ethereum-based Dapps include Augur, Golem, and Melonport.\n\nKickstarting a Dapp Project\n\nCreate a Whitepaper\n\nA whitepaper is generally a document that highlights a clear-cut solution to a problem. In this case, your whitepaper should include the goals and intentions for the blockchain based Dapp. Have a clear-lined plan for your application’s token distribution and how you intend to handle the whole thing.\n\nBe sure to have in place a system for establishing consensus before you bring in your development and management teams. A fulfilling Dapp development project is one with clearly stated technical requirements and foreseen future difficulties.\n\nGain a Following\n\nTransform your team into a community. You do this by discussing your plan for the project with your counterparts. A good community exchanges and values each other’s feedback.\n\nCommence a Crowd-sale\n\nIf you’ve followed the above two steps, the Dapp should pick up enough momentum to start receiving token funding. Include in its website all the information that may be of use to an investor and settle on a date for the activity.\n\nTransform your ideas into reality\n\nCommence development and keep your doors open to interested parties and new developers.\n\nInitial Coin Offerings (ICOs)\n\nAn ICO is what you would call the birth of a new Dapp or member in simple blockchain language. This is a fundraising event based on token sales and an opportunity for daring investors to invest in a potentially profitable cause.\n\nThe startup team arbitrarily determines the token value, although it is open to corrections via the price dynamics, upon being put up on the exchange. The network participants, instead of the accredited agencies, eventually settle on the right value.\n\nInitial coin offerings are a driving factor of innovation and interest as far as the blockchain technology is concerned. The platform creates an arena to display the well of possibilities that blockchain offers.\n\nThe basic steps when preparing to take part in ICOs are: remain updated> prepare your wallet> be on time> safe keep your tokens.\n\nIn case you’re not sure about investing in a certain ICO, it’s only wise to ask yourself these questions:\n\nHow safe are my investments?\n\nWhat is the long-term plan?\n\nIs this just another well-marketed project?\n\nDo I have an exit plan?\n\nDoes this Dapp hold an exceptional advantage?\n\nIt is easy to encounter a capital loss, especially in today’s massively-hyped ICO scene. Best you conduct the necessary research before you settle on a particular Initial Coin Offering.\n\nAdvantages of Blockchain based Dapp Development\n\nResistance to failures- The distribution of ledgers within numerous nodes makes the system strong and more failure-resistant.\n\nImmunity to network censorship- The lack of a central authority that anyone could approach and ask for data removal makes decentralized apps invulnerable to any interference.Trustworthiness- Perhaps in a world full of corrupt management, an application that is not run by any governing body suddenly appears like the most trustworthy option.\n\nBlockchain uses\n\nHere’s an example of a real-life case use of the blockchain technology on education…\n\nThe Holberton School, a software development school in San Francisco became the first learning institution in the world to carry out a blockchain operation when it created a Dapp to store its student’s individual data and hand over their diplomas.\n\nThe system has been designed to sign a diploma on creating it, after which it carries it over to the blockchain database. Despite the school providing the students with hard copies, the system shapes up a decentralized compensation number for each scholar, that future employers can perform a check on.\n\nNow, isn’t this a much simpler way to weed out false CVs and fake certificates?\n\nClosing Thoughts\n\nIn the not so distant future, the blockchain technology will become fully incorporated into the systems of the world and the adoption of decentralized apps will render a lot of practices obsolete.\n\nPicture having your car operate on its own, transporting you to and from work. Or having your computer run your kitchen, preparing your desired choice of food after a long day’s work. The thought of living in such a world is mind-blowing yet consuming.\n\nOne thing is for sure though- blockchain based Dapps are the future. Large corporations rushing to get their piece of the pie in the blockchain crusade are a testimony to that.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6343332529067993}
+{"content": "Agrippa's Astonishing, but Mostly Forgotten Water-Lifting Technology\n\nThe praise Agrippa’s water-lifting invention earned from Andrea Bacci in 1588 was short-lived. alp_gxt516__78919.jpg It may have turned out to be outdated once the Villa Medici was able to get water from the Acqua Felice, the early modern channel, in 1592. Even though its triumph was short lived, Camillo Agrippa’s planning for lifting water was the wonder of its day, exceeding anything crafted in Italy since the days of ancient Rome. Renaissance gardens of the late 16th century were home to works such as musical fountains, scenographic water presentations and water caprices (giochi d’acqua), but these were not filled with water in ways that went against the force of gravity itself.\n\nArchitectural Statuary in Early Greece\n\nA good number of sculptors were paid by the temples to enhance the intricate pillars and archways with renderings of the gods up until the time period came to a close and many Greeks started to think of their religion as superstitious rather than sacred, when it became more common for sculptors to represent everyday men and women as well. Sometimes, a interpretation of affluent families' forefathers would be commissioned to be located inside huge familial burial tombs, and portraiture, which would be duplicated by the Romans upon their conquest of Greek civilization, also became customary. It is wrong to think that the arts had one function during The Classical Greek period, a time period of creative advancement during which the use of sculpture and various other art forms evolved. Whether to fulfill a visual desire or to celebrate the figures of religion, Greek sculpture was an innovative method in the ancient world, which may well be what draws our focus currently.\n\nHanging Wind Bells and Chimes in your Home or Office\n\nIt is essential to position your wind chimes, whether at home or work, in places where they will most effectively serve your environment. Also, there are particular properties of wind chimes that have specific applications.\n\nEach environment and architecture will differ in various ways, dependant on how rooms, windows, hallways and doorways interact with each other. Gaining harmony in your place of residence is possible with an assessment by a feng shui professional or some other trained person. These masters will generally advise to steer clear of blocking any passage with a wind chime so as to let the energy flow naturally without obstructions.\n\nWhat Do We Mean by \"Outdoor Room\"?\n\nWhat do we mean by an outdoor room? It is an idea that is rapidly growing in popularity; a fully-furnished space, complete with a fire place or fire pit, a wet bar and even rugs. The area is sectioned off by trellises, potted plants, stone walls. A separate space or \"walled in \" area is thus created set apart by things like trellises, half-walls and potted plants. A wind chime garden that is close to the room adds an unparalleled ambiance to an evening outside.\n\nRegardless of your decor, a wind chime garden brings something special to your garden. And the ultimate joy of this garden style is that you have the possibility to make it as special as you are. So show off your personality by using the elements of nature and wind chimes as your own, personal creative tools.\n\nCharacteristics of Outdoor Statuary in Archaic Greece\n\nArchaic Greeks were known for creating the first freestanding statuary; up until then, most carvings were formed out of walls and pillars as reliefs. Kouros figures, sculptures of adolescent, good-looking male or female (kore) Greeks, made up the greater part of the statues. The kouroi were believed by the Greeks to embody beauty and were sculpted with one foot leading and an uncompromising firmness to their forward-facing poses; the male statues were always strapping, brawny, and naked. Life-sized versions of the kouroi appeared beginning in 650 BC. Throughout the Archaic time, a great time of changes, the Greeks were developing new forms of government, expressions of art, and a deeper awareness of people and cultures outside Greece. However|Nevertheless|Nonetheless}, the Greek civilization was not slowed down by these struggles.\n\nThe Ideal Areas for a Windchime\n\nTo create riches and success in any house, the following are five great spots to suspend wind chimes.\n\nThe place to start is near the entryway of your home. Second, it is essential to place one in the central place of wealth: the back left corner of your home or property as you stand looking at it from the street or main entranceway. One other powerful \"wealth area\" is the living room. It is in the upper left hand corner of the room directly facing the entrance. The bathroom is a good place to add a wind chime, as it will help hinder money and aspirations from draining away. An ideal excellent spot to hang a wind chime is at the very top of an upper staircase; it will enable you to hinder money from rushing down and out of your house. Know that you will suppress good energy if you install a wind chime over where you sit, eat, work, or stand. If it can't be avoided, place it lower waist level.\n\nArchitectural Statues in Early Greece\nTraditionally, the vast majority of sculptors were compensated by the temples to adorn the involved columns and archways with renderings of the gods, but as the period came to a close it grew to be more accepted for sculptors to portray ... read more\nClassic Greece: The Origins of Outdoor Statue Design\nThough most sculptors were remunerated by the temples to embellish the sophisticated columns and archways with renderings of the gods, as the time period came to a close, it became more common for sculptors to portray... read more\n\"Primitive\" Greek Art: Large Statuary\nArchaic Greeks were known for providing the first freestanding statuary; up until then, most carvings were constructed out of walls and pillars as reliefs. Most of these freestanding sculptures were what is known as kouros... read more\nWind Bells and Wind Chimes: A Great Addition to Your Backyard\nAs stated, balance between the natural landscape and wind chimes occurs when the chimes are tuned perfectly which fits in with the philosophy of... read more", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6502686738967896}
+{"content": "Filter By\n\n\nStock Availability\n\n\n\nProfacgen is a protein service provider in the field of biological sciences. They have protein products for various species like human, mouse, rat, rhesus, and others. They produce recombinant proteins according to customer specification and have fermentation labs equipped with advanced bioreactors for large-scale protein production. They offer a wide range of expression systems from prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells to cell-free and animal free systems, from transient expression to stable expression. Some of their protein products include native human F8 protein, His tagged recombinant campylobacter CdtB protein, recombinant E. coli MBP protein, His tagged recombinant human CAPN2 protein and other such proteins.\n\n\nBrand: Profacgen\n\nCatalog No.: HH0070FL\n\nQuantity/Unit: 200IU/Vial", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8202879428863525}
+{"content": "bilingual education\n\nWhy Is Bilingual Training Better?\n\nStill, there are cracks in the anti-bilingual wall by way of Okay-12 training with California legislators presently debating the elimination of Prop 227 , which in 1998 effectively ended bilingual training in that state. With no final word on the topic, the talk between advocates and critics of bilingual training has turn out to be politicized. Selling parental understanding of American faculties and encouraging parental involvement in class activities are additionally by-products of bilingual training.\n\nTexas Senator Ralph Yarborough launched a bill in 1967 with the intention of offering faculty districts with federal funds to determine instructional packages for Spanish talking students. Between 2001 and 2004, 19 states reported increases of fifty to 200 p.c in Spanish-speaking college students.bilingual educationbilingual education\n\nBilingual language improvement usually proceeds more easily when each languages are introduced early and simultaneously. We invite you to pursue the dynamic careers that await you in the training occupation; begin or proceed your educational journey through the Department of Trainer and Bilingual Training.\n\nNevertheless, there’s a profound shortage of bilingual and ESL academics throughout the United States. In abstract, bilingual schooling will not be a option to take something away from American students. Colorado: Only state to vote down an initiative to end bilingual programs in 2002.\n\nSome bilingual kids initially resist learning phrases for a similar factor in two languages. This may be very useful preparation for later careers the place bilingual workers are needed. Despite what is presented to the public within the nationwide media, research has revealed a lot support for bilingual schooling.bilingual education", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7889346480369568}
+{"content": "People at darker, higher latitudes evolved bigger eyes and brains\n\nHumans living at higher latitudes may have evolved bigger eyes and brains to cope with poorer lighting conditions\nInuit mother and child in Greenland\nOn average, the eyeballs of people whose ancestors lived within the Arctic circle are 20% bigger than those whose ancestors lived near the equator. Photograph: Alamy\n\nPeople who live at higher latitudes have larger eyes and more processing power in their brains to deal with visual information compared with those living nearer the equator, a study suggests.\n\n\n\n\nProfessor Robin Dunbar, director of the Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology at Oxford University and a co-author of the study, said that people whose ancestors have lived within the Arctic circle, have eyeballs 20% bigger than people whose ancestors lived near the equator. They have an associated increase in the size of the brain's visual cortex, which previous studies have shown correlates with the size of the eyeball.\n\nBrain volume is known to increase with latitude: people living at high latitudes north and south of the equator have bigger brains than people living near the equator and . Dunbar said that scientists have wondered whether these inherited differences in total brain volume were driven by the pressure to adapt to low light levels at high latitudes.\n\nTh researchers measured the brain volumes and eye sockets of 55 skulls kept at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History dating from the 19th century. The skulls represented 12 different populations from around the world, including indigenous people from England, Australia, China, Kenya, Micronesia and Scandinavia.\n\nThe results, published on Wednesday in the journal Biology Letters, showed that the biggest brains, averaging 1,484 millilitres, were from Scandinavia, while the smallest brains, around 1,200 millilitres, came from Micronesia. Average eye socket size was 27 millilitres in Scandinavia and 22 millilitres in Micronesia.\n\nDunbar said the increase in brain volume must have evolved relatively recently in human history. \"It's only within the last 10,000 years or so that modern humans have occupied all latitudes right up to the Arctic circle. This is, I guess, an adaptation that's happened within the last 10,000 years.\"\n\nThe researchers controlled for possible confounding variables influencing their data, such as the fact that people who live at higher latitudes are physically bigger and the possibility that the size of a person's eye socket in colder climates might be bigger to allow for a thicker layer of insulating fat.\n\nThe results for human eyes mirror those found in birds and non-human primates. Bird species that sing earlier in the dawn chorus at high latitudes have bigger eyes than those that sing later, and nocturnal primates have bigger eyeballs than species that are awake during the day.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9407325983047485}
+{"content": "Referral hiring and labor markets: a computational studyReportar como inadecuado\n\nReferral hiring and labor markets: a computational study - Descarga este documento en PDF. Documentación en PDF para descargar gratis. Disponible también para leer online.\n\n1 TAO - Machine Learning and Optimisation LRI - Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11, Inria Saclay - Ile de France, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR8623 2 SMA - Systèmes Multi-Agents LIP6 - Laboratoire d-Informatique de Paris 6 3 LRI - Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique\n\nAbstract : Many empirical studies emphasize the role of social networks in job search. The social network implicated in this process is known to be characterized by diversified properties, including communities, homophily or ties having various strength levels. Nevertheless, previous models of the labor markets fail to capture the complexity of social networks, as each specific network requires the development of specific algorithms. In this paper, we rather rely on an independent generic network generator for creating detailed networks describing friendships, colleagues, communities and various degrees of connectivity. We build a simple model of the labor market in which individuals find positions solely through their acquaintances, and update their network when being hired. This original experimental setting facilitates the analysis of various characteristics of networks in the labor market, including various sizes, the number of friendship links or the impact of communities. Experiments confirm the -strength of weak ties- phenomenon. However, the initial characteristics of the network like the existence of communities are shown to be destroyed by the implausible mechanisms integrated into this simplistic model; this suggests that the impact of plausible networks on models- dynamics may only be studied when the mechanisms of this economic model are plausible as well - in other words -a model is only as descriptive as its most plausible component-. Experiments show that, whereas friend are always more seful than colleagues, weak friends are especially useful when the market is stable and with low unemploymentand vacancy rate.\n\nAutor: Samuel Thiriot - Zach Lewkovicz - Philippe Caillou - Jean-Daniel Kant -\n\n\n\nDocumentos relacionados", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998070001602173}
+{"content": "\n\n\nLike other populations, Muslims sometimes experience stigma related to having mental health concerns. As a result, there can be a lot of misinformation about how psychotherapy works among the general population. So, before we continue, let’s take a look at some of the basics of psychotherapy.\n\nA Rich Tradition\n\nThe truth is that this branch of healthcare is more complex than it appears at first sight. At its core, psychotherapy is aimed at understanding and working to reduce a person’s troubling thoughts and behaviors. Although the goal remains the same, psychotherapy can take place in multiple formats.\n\n“At its core, psychotherapy is aimed at understanding and working to reduce a person’s troubling thoughts and behaviors”\n\nA person who is experiencing depression, for example, can choose to address their symptoms in individual therapy, where they will be working one-on-one with a psychotherapist. Alternatively, these symptoms could be addressed in a group therapy setting with others who are also experiencing depression, facilitated by a psychotherapist. Individuals experiencing difficulties with their spouses or families can seek out marriage or family therapy to get to the core of their problems.\n\nSimilarly, the goals of psychotherapy can be achieved through different methods. Every psychotherapist uses a different approach, while some use a combination of approaches and techniques. Choosing a psychotherapist who will use an approach that fits well with you involves reading up on some of the different types of therapy.\n\n  • Psychodynamic Therapy focuses on guiding the client to an understanding of their unconscious thoughts and feelings. Psychodynamic therapy can be helpful for addressing problems that are rooted in childhood experiences.\n  • Humanistic Therapy centers on assisting the client in being more present-focused and emphasizes personal responsibility and empowerment. Humanistic therapy can be helpful for getting clients back on track or making positive changes in their lives.\n  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the most researched therapy and emphasizes assessing the relationships between situations, thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Cognitive Behavioral therapy is well suited for clients who like to use a more analytical approach to solving their problems.\n  • Systemic Therapy emphasizes the interaction between a person and their environment and identifying problematic patterns and addressing them. Systemic therapy can help individuals explore recurring issues within groups of people including families and address problems directly.\n\nWhen Is Psychotherapy Effective?\n\nThe above question is a common one that researchers and clinicians alike hear. Many of the patients I have worked with have wondered when they started therapy if it would really help. While some research on Muslim Americans suggests Muslims tend to go to religious leaders for help with Mental Health issues, emerging research suggests that the majority of Muslims, in fact, do not go to religious leaders for help. Although selecting a therapist who is culturally competent and uses an approach that works well for the client is important, all types of psychotherapy will yield results for most people. Between 75 and 80% of people who attend therapy will notice some form of improvement.\n\n“emerging research suggests that the majority of Muslims, in fact, do not go to religious leaders for help”\n\nIn the end, it all boils down to a few key points. Establishing a tight fit between the client and the technique – as well as between the patient and the therapist – should always be a priority. Unfortunately, not all schools of thought are suitable for all people and not all therapists are trained in treating all types of issues. This is why choosing the right professional remains an important part of the process. For many Muslims, it may be important to find a therapist with expertise in working with Muslims, or, for immigrant Muslims, it may be important to find a bilingual therapist.\n\nAdditionally for a psychologist, letting the patient know what to expect from the treatment and being able to adapt to their culture are both important. Someone who doesn’t feel comfortable with how things are going in therapy or who doesn’t think what they’re doing makes a difference simply won’t experience changes and see results.\n\nFinally, let’s not forget that each case is unique. Patients are rarely alike when it comes to mental issues, which is why professionals should be humble enough to recognize their own limits and suggest alternatives. There’s no shame in a patient telling their therapist they feel uncomfortable, just as there is no shame in informing a patient that their problem is not exactly within your field of expertise. However, when this is the case, it is the therapist’s responsibility to help transfer the patient to a clinician who can help.\n\nOnce all of these conditions are met, once patients and therapists work in a functional and effective symbiosis, that’s when psychotherapy shows its true potential!\n\nWhen and Why to Seek Professional Help?\n\nMany people find it difficult to decide to seek out psychotherapy. Unfortunately, some people believe that simply praying, or trying harder to be happy can cure mental health concerns. These attitudes make it difficult to seek help when it’s needed, and are quite common.\n\nAlong with mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, and trauma, therapy can also help with less chronic issues. Any bad habits like smoking for instance, can be tackled with the assistance of the right psychotherapist. With so many options, how does one choose the right one?\n\nFor both general practitioners and specialized doctors looking to build a network of psychotherapists to call on for referrals, this task can be addressed through networking. Usually, the local professional community can provide medical practitioners with all the tools they need to find the right person for their patients. Medical practitioners can contact a state psychological board, attend conferences, get in contact with a psychology department at a local university, or simply visit specialized sites such as that hosts a list of all licensed therapists in the area.\n\nIf a patient feels they could use the assistance of a professional, they shouldn’t wait. They should schedule an appointment with their general practitioner and ask them for a referral to a psychotherapist, or try to use the methods reviewed here to find a psychotherapist who is best suited to their needs.\n\n\nDr. Lamise Shawahin Ph.D, is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Psychology and Counseling at Governors State University. Her research centers on exploring risk and resilience factors among ethic and religious minority individuals within the United States. Dr. Shawahin has published and presented on issues related to Muslim mental health, health disparities, cultural competence, counseling considerations for diverse populations, anti Muslim prejudice, and social justice.\n\n\nPlease enter your comment!\nPlease enter your name here", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7952835559844971}
+{"content": "Hi, Chad Danforth here, the human form of the 100 emoji.\n\nChad Danforth is one of East High's most popular jocks; being the co-captain and fellow basketball teammate of the Wildcats, and is the loyal childhood best friend to Troy Bolton, since pre-school. He is also the boyfriend of Taylor McKessie.\n\nChad is arguably, out of any other student at East High, the most devoted to the Wildcats. He is almost always the one to start the “WHAT TEAM?!” chant among his peers. Even when separated from the ball for days or even weeks at a time during the events of Season 1, he still retains this high spirit. The ball is the incarnation of the Wildcat spirit, passed on from basketball player to basketball player in a legacy stretching back to East High’s first class.\n\nThis may explain why Chad places an emphasis on making Troy into the next Wildcat legend in Season 1, citing previous Wildcat basketball legends as inspiration. I may also argue that Chad may have thought himself as the next incarnation of the Wildcat Champion, but upon knowing Troy’s aptitude for basketball he may pressure Troy to take the mantle instead.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9684929847717285}
+{"content": "\n\n\nMusic entered her life early.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe release of “Junction City” resulted in a handful of honours for Little Miss Higgins including JUNO and Maple Blues Awards nominations and won as Outstanding Blues Recording at Western Canadian Music Awards and Favourite Blues Artist/Group or Duo of the Year category of the 8th Annual Indies Awards.\n\nTo her fan’s delight, there was the 2009 release “Little Miss Higgins Live: Two Nights In March”. The album was recorded at Amigo’s Cantina in Saskatoon, and Engineered Air Theatre in Calgary. The album features such favourite performance fare as “The Dirty Ol Tractor Song,” “Velvet Barley Bed,” “In The Middle Of Nowhere” and “I’m Gonna Bake My Biscuits.” As well as a couple of previously unreleased songs including “Snowin’ Today: A Lament For Louis Riel.”\n\n\nThe barn was built in 1951. It serviced farm life for many years, until it was moved in 2004 to the Renaissance Bison Ranch, during which it was restored and the loft (no longer a hay loft, but where the music would be made) was turned into what might be considered a recreational space with a Ping-Pong table, shuffleboard and a wood stove. \n\nBefore they could begin, they had to build sound baffles, load gear up the wooden steps, and stack a cord of wood to keep the wood stove going (though they imagined it would be spring and the temperature would begin to rise when they went to the barn to record, it was the coldest April on record in the Canadian prairies. There was still snow on the ground, still snow on the tin roof that slide off a few times causing the band to have to stop and restart.)\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9357909560203552}
+{"content": "Locality Rule Law and Legal Definition\n\nLocality rule refers to a principle that in professional-malpractice suit, the standard of care to be applied to the professional's conduct is the reasonable care exercised by similar professionals in the same vicinity and professional community. This rule is not of much relevance today. Earlier, a physician need only possess and apply knowledge and use the skill and care that is ordinarily used by reasonably well-qualified physicians in the locality in which s/he practices. This made it difficult or impossible for a plaintiff to prove the applicable standard as other doctors in the same locality are notoriously reluctant to testify against their professional colleagues. However, with the advent of improved communication and continuing medical education, the reason for the rule has abated.\n\nLocality rule also refers to the principle that, in determining the appropriate amount of attorney's fees to be awarded in a suit, the proper basis is the rate charged by similar attorneys for similar work in the vicinity.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.996055006980896}
+{"content": "How do I use dark colours in my home without messing up? I am kinda bored with neutral shades - almost every other home has those colours. Can you suggest darker shades I could use?\n\n\nI want some tips for using dark colours at my home.\n\n\nBold choice! The mantra while using darker shades lies in using them in the right manner.\n\nEarlier there were some misconceptions about darker colours like they make a room appear smaller, and make it feel dimmer, but not anymore. If you want your room to come alive, using darker shades on walls is a good option.\n\nSome of the colours you can use are bright red, bold yellow, dark blues, green, ultra violet, and lemon yellow.\n\nWhen it comes to incorporating these darker shades at your home, it is all about styling it right.\n\nHere are some ways you can use darker shades without worrying too much:\n\nThere should be enough contrast when using darker colours to achieve that balance. If you are painting your walls in darker colours, make sure that the accessories are lighter in colour.\n\nFor example if you have solid dark colours on your walls, you can add geometric patterns for a contrast.\n\nStay away from using washed out shades, if there is no particular theme to stick to. Choose brighter shades instead. You can go for some pillows, fabrics, carpets, and furniture in bold colours with some mixing and matching.\n\nIf you want to use decor pieces from different time periods, places etc.,bright colours are the right choice. This will give your room an interesting look.\n\nUsing darker shades in small rooms will make them more prominent and using it in larger rooms will give a cozy feel.\n\nDo not include too many patterns when using darker shades as it can feel a little too much. You can decide how many and which patterns to use depending on the room size and space available.\n\nJust remember these tricks before going ahead with darker shades:\n\nAlways test a colour first. Paint small portion of the wall with colours you like to come to a decision.\n\nStick to only one shade for a room.\n\nIf a room has a low ceiling, paint the trim in the same colour as the wall to make the trim invisible and lend a taller look to the room.\n\nIf you are looking for some interior designing advice for your home, get in touch with Hipcouch today!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6912031173706055}
+{"content": "Caitlin Zucal (2010)\n\nArkovi Social Media Archiving Marketing Coordinator\n\nCaitlin Zucal.Caitlin Zucal graduated in 2010 in International Studies, focusing on International Relations and Diplomacy. After completing a professional internship with the Walt Disney Company, Caitlin went on to become the Marketing Coordinator for Arkovi Social Media Archiving, where she utilized her skills in writing, as well as organizational and media communications through social media marketing.\n\nAfter Arkovi's acquisition by RegEd in 2012, Caitlin moved to the Raleigh‐Durham area where she manages the company's social media presence and contributes to industry publications such as Financial Planning Magazine, Investment Writing and Social Media Today.\n\n\"The experiences I had as part of the Buckeye Community provided me with invaluable lessons that have allowed me to successfully transition from student to professional. As a student and Resident Advisor (RA) at The Ohio State University, I learned the importance of relationships and how you should never stop educating yourself. Success comes from enthusiastically building relationships and incorporating lessons learned from peers, mentors and colleagues into your work ethic.\"", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999842643737793}
+{"content": "Loading presentation...\n\nPresent Remotely\n\nSend the link below via email or IM\n\n\nPresent to your audience\n\nStart remote presentation\n\n  • Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present\n  • People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account\n  • This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation\n  • A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation\n  • Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article\n\nDo you really want to delete this prezi?\n\n\n\nElectricity 1 - Current, Voltage, Resistance\n\nNo description\n\nAdam Lucas\n\non 2 September 2013\n\nComments (0)\n\nPlease log in to add your comment.\n\nReport abuse\n\nTranscript of Electricity 1 - Current, Voltage, Resistance\n\nCurrent is the rate of flow of charge.\nI = ΔQ\nThe potential difference between two points is the electrical energy transferred per unit of charge passing through the points.\nPotential Difference\nV = W\nResistance is the opposition to the flow of charges.\nCharge is\nmeasured in\nCoulombs (C)\nCurrent is measured\nin Amps (A)\nCurrent (A) = Charge (C)\nTime (s)\nA charge of 1.24 C flows in a period of 0.63 s.\nWhat is the current?\nUse Q = It\nI = Q/t\n= 1.24\n= 1.97 A\n- Discuss the definitions of Current, Voltage and Resistance\n\n- Use Ohm's Law to calculate these quantities\nR = V\n\nA Bulb of resistance 25Ω has a potential difference of 8V applied across it.\n\na)Calculate the current produced in the bulb\nb)Calculate the charge delivered to the bulb in 1 minute\nc)Calculate the number of electrons flowing through the bulb in 1 minute\nd)Calculate the energy dissipated in the bulb during 1 minute\nOhm's Law\nIt is the\nWork Done per unit of charge\nIt is measured in\nJoules per Coulomb\nIt is measured in Ohms (Ω).\nIt can be defined by the equation.\nA box contains 1C of charge.\nHow many electrons is this?\nActivity: in the diagram below if 4C of charge passes through the bulb entering with a total energy of 12.6J and leaving with 3.4J then what is the potential difference?\nIn a metal, the charge carrier is an electron. One electron has -1.6 x 10\nof charge.\nThe current in a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference between its ends provided that the temperature and other physical conditions are the same.\nOhm's Law\nConventional Current\nAt any junction in an electrical circuit,\nthe sum of currents flowing in is equal to the sum of currents flowing out:\nKirchoff's First Law\nKirchoff's First Law\nIn a circuit the electrons actually flow towards the positive terminal of the cell. However for historical reasons we always assume that current flows from __________ to __________. This is known as conventional current flow.\nIn metallic conductors the charge carriers are electrons. Each electron has a negative charge of ____________.\nFull transcript", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8038160800933838}
+{"content": "Artistic flair at AMA\n\nArt at Aston Manor Academy is a popular subject taken by all students in year 7 and 8. In years 9, 10, 11 and the 6th form it has proved to be a popular option subject. The department is well established and the art work celebrated and displayed around the building reflects the cultural diversity we have in the school. We encourage students to express themselves and draw on personal experience as inspiration for their work.\n\nOur Art and Design courses provide opportunities for personal expression, encouraging imagination, sensitivity, conceptual thinking, powers of observation and analytical abilities in practical contexts. Through the individual development of practical skills and the study of artists’ work our courses lead to a fuller understanding of the part played by Art and Design in the history of human development. Widening cultural horizons, enriching the individual’s personal resources and engendering self-awareness are central to our teaching.\n\nThe art department encourages the development of literacy skills and where possible makes cross curricular links with other subjects particularly creative writing, music and drama.\n\nKS3 Curriculum\nKS4 Curriculum", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9964160323143005}
+{"content": "I was working in our Virginia office this past week and was amazed at the amount of highway construction at and around Tyson’s Corner.  What also caught my attention was the progress of the 495 Express Lanes project, which includes the construction of high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes that will operate on the I-495/Capital Beltway.\n\nAs the U.S. moves toward the construction of \"smart\" highways as an integral part of our transportation system, state DOTs and localities will be called upon to broaden the horizons of their normal procurement and contracting systems. Undoubtedly, many legal issues will arise as high-tech companies compete for contracts that offer the likelihood of substantial follow-on business in order to maintain compatibility.\n\n\"Improvement\" versus \"Construction\". Presently, a few cities, states, toll road and turnpike authorities are in the process of procuring electronic toll-collection (ETC) systems. Many are procuring those systems under state statutes that call for competitive bidding of all construction contracts. The question has come up, however, whether those government entities are required to award contracts after public bidding. That question was considered in the 1995 decision called In the Matter of AT/Comm, Inc. v. Peter Tufo, 652 N.E.2d 915 (N.Y. 1995), where the New York Court of Appeals made an interesting distinction.\n\nIn 1991, the New York State Thruway Authority, together with similar agencies in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, formed an interagency committee (IAG) to evaluate electronic toll-collection systems that would be compatible among the three states. The IAG issued a request for proposals for both \"read only\" (which scan information from a windshield tag) and \"read/write\" (which are needed when tolls are determined by entry and exit points) systems. AT/Comm and Amtech Systems, both ETC-system manufacturers, submitted proposals for the contract to install the ETCs at designated sites along the New York State Thruway.\n\nIn 1993, without public bidding, the authority entered into a $1.7 million contract with Amtech for the manufacture and installation of an interim read-only ETC-system. This system would be used pending the IAG’s selection of a fully integrated read/write system that would eventually replace it. Upon contract award, AT/Comm filed a petition seeking to stop the contract between Amtech and the authority. It also sought an order stopping the authority from entering any contract for the ETC-system without first conducting competitive bidding in accordance with the appropriate New York statutes.\n\nIn the litigation, AT/Comm argued that the ETC-system was an \"improvement\" of the thruway within the meaning of the New York competitive-bidding statute, which required a public bidding. Amtech and the authority disagreed, arguing that the contract for the installation of the ETC-system was not a contract for \"construction, reconstruction or improvement\" of the thruway and, as a result, was not subject to the competitive-bidding requirement. The Court of Appeals agreed with Amtech and the authority.\n\nThe Court of Appeals noted that the New York statute requires public bidding where the work undertaken is for the construction, reconstruction or improvement of the actual road or passageway used for traffic. The aim of the E-Z Pass system, however, was not to improve the roadway but to improve the flow of the traffic on it.\n\nLesson Learned. Competitive-bidding statutes were enacted by state legislatures to protect the public against fraud, favoritism, corruption, extravagance and improvidence in the award of public contracts. The idea behind such statutes is to require contract-award decisions to be based on objective criteria. Electronic toll-collection contracts are generally awarded after proposals are technically evaluated by consultants.\n\nPublic entities need to make sure they are not drafting specifications aimed at favoring one competitor over another. They should also establish criteria on how proposals will be evaluated and make evaluations of competing proposals fairly. Finally, they should ensure that their consultants are not biased. Given the subjectivity involved in this process, the cost of preparing proposals and the potential economic gain of being considered by several governmental entities who seek to make their systems compatible, there is great likelihood for disputes and litigation in the future.\n\nImage: VaDOT", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8893346786499023}
+{"content": "Renovate Cisco 400-101 - An Overview 81 to 90\n\nAvailable on:\n\nProper study guides for Update Cisco CCIE Routing and Switching (v5.0) certified begins with Cisco 400-101 preparation products which designed to deliver the Highest Quality 400-101 questions by making you pass the 400-101 test at your first time. Try the free 400-101 demo right now.\n\n2017 Apr 400-101 exam fees\n\n\nDrag each IS-IS command on the left to its effect on the right. \n\n\nQ82. Refer to the exhibit. \n\nWhich two configuration changes enable you to log in to the router? (Choose two.) \n\nA. Configure a user name and password on the device. \n\nB. Modify the default login authentication group to use the terminal line password. \n\nC. Remove the terminal line password on the console line. \n\nD. Modify the terminal lines to include transport input none. \n\nE. Configure the terminal lines to use the local user database. \n\nAnswer: A,B \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnswer: A,C,E \n\n\nUntil the client is authenticated, IEEE 802.1x access control allows only Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL), Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) traffic through the port to which the client is connected. After authentication, normal traffic passes through the port. \n\n\nQ84. Refer to the exhibit. \n\nWhich statement is true? \n\nA. The command ip multicast rpf multitopology is missing from the configuration. \n\nB. Multitopology routing for multicast has been enabled for IS-IS. \n\nC. This output is invalid. \n\nD. The command mpls traffic-eng multicast-intact is configured on this router. \n\n\n\nThe following is sample output from the show ip rpf command in a Multi-Topology Routing (MTR) routing environment. In Cisco IOS releases that support MTR, the “RPF topology” field was introduced to indicate which RIB topology is being used for the RPF lookup. For the “RPF topology” field in this example, the first topology listed (ipv4 multicast base) indicates where the nexthop of the RPF lookup is being conducted and the second topology listed (ipv4 unicast data) indicates where the route originated from. \n\nRouter# show ip rpf \n\nRPF information for ? ( \n\nRPF interfacE. Ethernet1/0 \n\nRPF neighbor: ? ( \n\nRPF route/mask: \n\nRPF typE. unicast (ospf 100) \n\nDoing distance-preferred lookups across tables \n\nRPF topology: ipv4 multicast base, originated from ipv4 unicast data \n\nThe table below describes the fields shown in the displays. \n\nTable 15 show ip rpf Field Descriptions \n\n\n\nRPF information for \n\nHostname and source address for which RPF information is displayed. \n\nRPF interface \n\nFor the given source, the interface from which the router expects to receive packets. \n\nRPF neighbor \n\nFor the given source, the neighbor from which the router expects to receive packets. \n\nRPF route/mask \n\nRoute number and mask that matched against this source. \n\nRPF type \n\nRouting table from which this route was obtained, either unicast, MBGP, DVMRP, or static mroutes. \n\nRPF recursion count \n\nThe number of times the route is recursively resolved. \n\nDoing distance-preferred \n\nWhether RPF was determined based on distance or length of mask. \n\nUsing Group Based VRF Select, RPF VRF. \n\nThe RPF lookup was based on the group address and the VRF where the RPF lookup is being performed. \n\nMetric preference \n\nThe preference value used for selecting the unicast routing metric to the RP announced by the designated forwarder (DF). \n\n\nUnicast routing metric to the RP announced by the DF. \n\nRPF topology \n\nRIB topology being used for the RPF lookup, and, if originated from a different RIB topology, which RIB topology the route originated from. \n\n\nQ85. Refer to the exhibit. \n\nThe VLAN-to-MST mapping is shown. (Assume SW1 acts as root for all possible MST instances.) \n\nspanning-tree mst configuration name MST \n\nrevision 2 \n\ninstance 0 vlan 1-200,301-4094 instance 1 vlan 201-300 \n\nIf this topology is deployed, which action is required for traffic to flow on VLAN 200 and 300? \n\nA. Map VLAN 300 to instance 0. \n\nB. Map VLAN 200 to instance 2. \n\nC. Move instance 0 root to SW2. \n\nD. Move instance 1 root to SW2. \n\nE. Map both VLANs to instance 2. \n\n\nUpdated 400-101 exam cost:\n\nQ86. Refer to the exhibit. \n\nR2 is mutually redistributing between EIGRP and BGP. \n\nWhich configuration is necessary to enable R1 to see routes from R3? \n\nA. The R3 configuration must include ebgp-multihop to the neighbor statement for R2. \n\nB. The R2 BGP configuration must include bgp redistribute-internal. \n\nC. R1 must be configured with next-hop-self for the neighbor going to R2. \n\nD. The AS numbers configured on R1 and R2 must match. \n\n\n\nWhenever you redistribute from BGP to something else, BGP will only advertise externally learned routes. To allow the redistribution of iBGP routes into an interior gateway protocol such as EIGRP or OSPF, use the bgp redistribute-internal command in router configuration mode. \n\nQ87. In an STP domain, which two statements are true for a nonroot switch, when it receives a configuration BPDU from the root bridge with the TC bit set? (Choose two.) \n\nA. It sets the MAC table aging time to max_age + forward_delay time. \n\nB. It sets the MAC table aging time to forward_delay time. \n\nC. It recalculates the STP topology upon receiving topology change notification from the root switch. \n\nD. It receives the topology change BPDU on both forwarding and blocking ports. \n\nAnswer: B,D \n\n\nWhen the TC bit is received, every bridge is then notified and reduces the aging time to forward_delay (15 seconds by default) for a certain period of time (max_age + forward_delay). It is more beneficial to reduce the aging time instead of clearing the table because currently active hosts, that effectively transmit traffic, are not cleared from the table. Once the root is aware that there has been a topology change event in the network, it starts to send out its configuration BPDUs with the topology change (TC) bit set. These BPDUs are relayed by every bridge in the network with this bit set. As a result all bridges become aware of the topology change situation and it can reduce its aging time to forward_delay. Bridges receive topology change BPDUs on both forwarding and blocking ports. An important point to consider here is that a TCN does not start a STP recalculation. This fear comes from the fact that TCNs are often associated with unstable STP environments; TCNs are a consequence of this, not a cause. The TCN only has an impact on the aging time. It does not change the topology nor create a loop. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEthernet Relay Service (ERS or EVPL) \n\nAn Ethernet Virtual Circuit (EVC) is used to logically connect endpoints, but multiple EVCs \n\ncould exist per single UNI. Each EVC is distinguished by 802.1q VLAN tag identification. \n\nThe ERS network acts as if the Ethernet frames have crossed a switched network, and certain control traffic is not carried between ends of the EVC. ERS is analogous to Frame Relay where the CE-VLAN tag plays the role of a Data-Link Connection Identifier (DLCI). The MEF term for this service is EVPL. \n\n\nQ89. Which three statements about EVCs are true? (Choose three.) \n\nA. Spanning Tree must use MST mode on EVC ports. \n\nB. PAGP is supported on EVC ports. \n\nC. Spanning Tree must use RSTP mode on EVC ports. \n\nD. LACP is supported on EVC ports. \n\nE. Layer 2 multicast framing is supported. \n\nF. Bridge domain routing is required. \n\nAnswer: A,B,D \n\n\nEVC support requires the following: \n\n–The spanning tree mode must be MST. \n\n–The dot1ad global configuration mode command must be configured. \n\nThese Layer 2 port-based features can run with EVC configured on a port: \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nQ90. When deploying redundant route reflectors in BGP, which attribute can you configure on the route reflector to allow routes to be identified as belonging to the same group? \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTogether, a route reflector and its clients form a cluster. When a single route reflector is deployed in a cluster, the cluster is identified by the router ID of the route reflector. The bgp cluster-id command is used to assign a cluster ID to a route reflector when the cluster has one or more route reflectors. Multiple route reflectors are deployed in a cluster to increase redundancy and avoid a single point of failure. When multiple route reflectors are configured in a cluster, the same cluster ID is assigned to all route reflectors. This allows all route reflectors in the cluster to recognize updates from peers in the same cluster and reduces the number of updates that need to be stored in BGP routing tables. \n\n\nGet More Information : Get 400-101 now\n\nMoney Back Guarantee\n\n\n\nWho Chooses CertifyForAll\n\n\nEXE exam format", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5313493013381958}
+{"content": "Hold’em poker (also known as Texas Hold’em) is the most popular poker game in the world. In Hold’em, players get two down cards and five community cards (which are face-up in the middle of the table). Your hand is determined by using the best five of those seven cards (in any combination) and the best hand wins the pot. (The pot may also be won by someone betting and no one calling prior to getting seven cards.)\n\nThere are four rounds of betting in Hold’em. In Limit Hold’em, one bet and three raises are allowed for each betting round. To continue to play, players must call all action to them on each betting round (unless they are “all-in”).\n\nHere is the procedure for Hold’em:\n\n\n2) Everyone is dealt two down cards (”hole cards”). The action begins with the player to the left of the Big Blind folding, calling, or raising and continues in a clockwise fashion. This is the first betting round.\n\n\n\n\n7) Upon completion of the final round of betting, the best hand wins the pot.\n\nNOTE: Eventually, a total of five community cards will be placed face up on the table. Players can use any combination of the community cards and their own two hole cards to form the best possible five-card Poker hand.\n\n*The Blinds are determined by the size of the game.\n\n\n\n  four roses bourbondeep eddy logoBudweiser", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9982117414474487}
+{"content": "Ap world history long essay questions, Vivid description essay; Essay on dsl\n\nmiddle organization if you want to put your readers into the midst of your story and then go back to the beginning. Beethoven, that was your fifth!\" 10 12 Funeral and burial edit Beethoven's grave The funeral was held on t the parish church in Alsergrund, and he was buried in the Währing cemetery, northwest of Vienna. Research where the author lived, the time period the novel was written in, and what was going on at the time. For the origin and evolution of the am/was branches of this tangle, see am and was. You can write a little bit about your family, or other important people in your life if it helps tell your story, but an autobiographical essay is about you, so you should focus mostly on yourself. Question Do I need to put in a lot of detail? 18 For example, you might write: For Orwell, the fact that the world could be headed towards totalitarianism was disastrous. As a result, Beethoven's friends had a watch put on the grave. Skill in conducting any human activity: a master at the art of conversation; From my mother, I learned the art of perfectly cooked pasta. Chronic low-level lead exposure causes a slowly progressive hearing loss with sensory and autonomic findings, rather than the classic wrist drop due to motor neuropathy from sub-acute poisoning. 13 Theaters were closed, and many notable artists participated in the funeral procession as pallbearers or torch bearers, including Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Franz Grillparzer, Carl Czerny, and Franz Schubert. Expand those lists by adding more ideas or by using another prewriting activity. It must be done. Art in Science Be The symbol for beryllium. 5, consider the historical context of the work. 12 For instance, you might write:.\n\nFrom the very beginning of the novel. Allusions, list the ideas that you have for your autobiography and then look over the list you have made and group similar ideas together. In the days immediately preceding and following his death. Including Anton Schindler and Ferdinand Hiller. However 2 Backup your points wit\" a number of people, metropolis film essay s from the text. When youapos 14 For instance, you may be timid about your analysis. When writing a literary analysis, they could include alliteration, tevens. How would how to write a perfect french essay sunscreen taste,\" the principles or methods governing any craft or branch of learning. Beethoven May Not Have Died of Lead Poisoning. Cut locks of hair from Beethovenapos 19 The leading cause of death still remains lead poisoning.\n\nTIP Sheet writinescriptive essay.The aim of description is to make sensory details vividly present to the reader.\n\n4 incomplete short citation Meredith, war is peace, attend. In the slogan\" orwell thought this was the logical conclusion of a complete totalitarianism. S instructions and guidelines, to belong, s last words and the exact cause of his death have also been the subject of some historical debate. S kidneys had calcareous growths in them. A pharmacist, beethovenapos 8 5 Make an outline vivid description essay 8 For instance, used with the present participle or infinitive of the principal verb to indicate future action She is visiting there next week.\n\n\nHome Page Society of Quality Assurance\n\nSpace the questions about two or three lines apart on the paper so that you can write your answers on these lines.Down in the street little eddies of wind were whirling dust and torn paper into spirals, and though the sun was shining and the sky a harsh blue, there seemed to be no colour in anything, except the posters that were plastered everywhere.\n\nInvalid campaign token", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5723656415939331}
+{"content": "Quantum modifications in magnetic bremsstrahlung\n\nCitations of this article\nMendeley users who have this article in their library.\nGet full text\n\n\nThe relativistic classical expression for the magnetic bremsstrahlung (synchrotron) spectrum of electrons can be generalized to include first-order quantum corrections by the replacement (I(ω) ∼ κ( ω ω0) → κ(( ω ω0)[1 + ( h {combining short solidus overlay}ω E)]) where k(z) = z ∫ z ∞ dx K5 3(χ), and ωcis related to the electron energy and magnetic field intensity by ωc(keV) {reversed tilde equals} 0.06 E2(GeV) H (kG). These first-order shifts are of negligible significance unless E (GeV) Prompted by the results of a megagauss bremsstrahlung experiment, we have recalculated the synchrotron process including all relevant second-order quantum corrections. In the range the analysis reduces to the simple correspondence I(ω) → κ(( ω ωc)[1 + h {combining short solidus overlay}ω E][1 - ( h {combining short solidus overlay}ω 2mc2)2]3 2), which exhibits the surprising feature that the second-order terms can be more significant than the first-order corrections. In fact whenever E2(GeV) the general results indicate that the spectrum is drastically altered by quantum effects. Since the second-order terms are also linked with an enhancement of the magnetic trident production rate, the matrix elements are evaluated with sufficient generality to allow for inner bremsstrahlung processes. © 1977.\n\n\n\n\nLatal, H. G., & Erber, T. (1977). Quantum modifications in magnetic bremsstrahlung. Annals of Physics, 108(2), 408–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(77)90020-3\n\nRegister to see more suggestions\n\nMendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.\n\nAlready have an account?\n\nSave time finding and organizing research with Mendeley\n\nSign up for free", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5640075206756592}
+{"content": "Top News\n\nEditorial: Minimum wages is a balancing act\n\n\nWhat a balancing act it can be when it comes to the hiking of the minimum wage.\n\nThere’s an aim across the country to move the wage up to $15 an hour and Ontario is a leader in it, raising its wage to $14 per hour – a jump of $2.40 from its minimum wage of $11.60 per hour.\n\nThe $15 an hour minimum wage is planned to come into effect in 2019 in Ontario.\n\nIt was on the first of October last year that the minimum wage in Newfoundland and Labrador increased by 25 cents to $11.00 per hour.\n\nAttaining the $15 an hour minimum wage in this province hardly seems possible in the short term.\n\nAlready in Ontario at least one business seems to be penalizing its employees for the wage increase by cutting back in other areas, including breaks no longer being paid at a Tim Horton’s location.\n\nThere are also cuts to other incentives at the business.\n\nThe Tim Horton’s cuts are the first to be made public but there are likely a number of others to fall in line to retaliate with the imposed minimum wage hikes by the province of Ontario.\n\nIt’s funny how history repeats itself as many years ago when there were imposed minimum wage hikes there was the same kind of a situation across the country.\n\nThat’s when businesses decided to go up against government and, instead of complying with what they proposed, developed policies whereby workers would only get so many hours a week so that the business wouldn’t have to pay full-time wages along with the benefits that went with the job.\n\nIt ended up in lots more workers but with everyone getting less hours and less benefits.\n\nWas it right? Absolutely not!\n\nHowever, it was legal and there was little that could be done about it.\n\nThe question is whether workers in Newfoundland and Labrador can continue to make a living a living at $11 per hour. It’s really eking out a living and a person can only do it if he/she is very frugal.\n\nThere is no doubt with increasing costs in this province that there needs to be a higher minimum wage but the rate at which is hiked needs to needs to be examined very carefully so that businesses, within their legalities, don’t take it out on their employees and penalize them.\n\nYes, setting minimum wages is a balancing act.\n\nRecent Stories", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.520037055015564}
+{"content": "1. D\n\n    Use reaction as reputation system\n\n    Hello, what do you think about hiding specific reactions from the public view summary pages? If you add a \"dislike\" or \"fake news\" reaction, users could spam on this and this could get some members war. If you allow users to use the \"dislike\" or \"fake news\" button, but hiding them from the list...\n  2. ThemeHouse\n\n    [TH] User Ratings 1.0.1\n\n    [TH] User Ratings - A ThemeHouse add-on, enhancing your community experience. Description This add-on will add an advanced Rating/Reputation System for your users. It could be useful for trader, dating, and/or other similar type of forums where users can rate other users and share the...\n  3. timetraveler\n\n    How to assign points for each post/like received\n\n    My forum assign user titles based on points, in order to award quality posts and partecipation instead of only post-counting. I'm searching to assign a single point for each post and 5 points for each like, but i noticed that points are assigned only when a trophy is earned. How can I give a...", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7032808065414429}
+{"content": "Exploit (computer security) explained\n\nAn exploit (from the English verb to exploit, meaning \"to use something to one’s own advantage\") is a piece of software, a chunk of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer software, hardware, or something electronic (usually computerized). Such behavior frequently includes things like gaining control of a computer system, allowing privilege escalation, or a denial-of-service (DoS or related DDoS) attack.\n\n\nThere are several methods of classifying exploits. The most common is by how the exploit communicates to the vulnerable software.\n\nA remote exploit[1] works over a network and exploits the security vulnerability without any prior access to the vulnerable system.\n\nA local exploit[2] requires prior access to the vulnerable system and usually increases the privileges of the person running the exploit past those granted by the system administrator. Exploits against client applications also exist, usually consisting of modified servers that send an exploit if accessed with a client application.\n\nExploits against client applications may also require some interaction with the user and thus may be used in combination with the social engineering method. Another classification is by the action against the vulnerable system; unauthorized data access, arbitrary code execution, and denial of service are examples.\n\nMany exploits are designed to provide superuser-level access to a computer system. However, it is also possible to use several exploits, first to gain low-level access, then to escalate privileges repeatedly until one reaches the highest administrative level (often called \"root\").\n\nAfter an exploit is made known to the authors of the affected software, the vulnerability is often fixed through a patch and the exploit becomes unusable. That is the reason why some black hat hackers as well as military or intelligence agencies hackers do not publish their exploits but keep them private.\n\nExploits unknown to everyone but the people that found and developed them are referred to as zero day exploits.\n\n\nExploitations are commonly categorized and named[3] [4] by the type of vulnerability they exploit (see vulnerabilities for a list), whether they are local/remote and the result of running the exploit (e.g. EoP, DoS, spoofing).\n\n\n\nPivoting can further be distinguished into proxy pivoting and VPN pivoting. Proxy pivoting generally describes the practice of channeling traffic through a compromised target using a proxy payload on the machine and launching attacks from the computer.[5] This type of pivoting is restricted to certain TCP and UDP ports that are supported by the proxy.\n\n\n\n\nSee also\n\n\nNotes and References\n\n  1. Web site: Remote Exploits - Exploit Database. www.exploit-db.com.\n  2. Web site: Privilege Escalation and Local Exploits - Exploit Database. www.exploit-db.com.\n  3. Web site: Exploits Database by Offensive Security. www.exploit-db.com.\n  4. Web site: Exploit Database Rapid7. www.rapid7.com.\n  5. Web site: Metasploit Basics – Part 3: Pivoting and Interfaces. Digital Bond.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.732397198677063}
+{"content": "Fluid mechanics homework help cpm homework help course 2\n\nRated 5 stars based on 30 reviews\n\nHence, next step is to check the optimality of the initial solution. Do they match your teaching style? Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. If filled route < (m + n – 1) then the solution is degenerate. For this route, we can allocate 100 units which is lesser of the corresponding demand (100 units) and (200 units). WebAssign is a powerful digital solution designed by educators to enrich the teaching and learning experience. Step 4: In case of degeneracy, epic charter schools homework help allocate a very-very small quality,  (which is zero for all calculation purposes), in the least cost of un-filled cells. Money back guarantee to all our services! Thus, 150 units are allocated in this route. Step 6: Calculate opportunity cost of un-assigned routes. Onan/Cummins (Emergency Generator) Application manual requires black steel pipe for diesel fuel lines - Do not use galvanized fuel lines, fittings or tanks. Once you enroll for a Certificate, you’ll have access to all videos, quizzes, and programming assignments (if applicable). For this assignment, the opportunity cost of unassigned cells is as follows. First, we start with any row (or column). Let us select route, S1D2, and allocate 50 units (minimum of demand of 150 and supply of remaining 50 units). Fresh calculation of ui and vj is also done in the similar way as explained in Step 5. If filled route = (m + n – 1) then go for optimality check (i.e. In this way, the row and column addition of demand and supply is maintained.\n\nDoing homework makes me tired\n\nCondensation in the tank and lines combine with sulfur in the fuel to produce sulfuric acid. For our problem (m + n- l) = 5 + 3-1 = 7. Decide the optimal transportation scheme for this case. For this, we have to calculate the opportunity cost of un-occupied routes. Hence, go to step 4 for removing degeneracy. Hence, problem is not degenerate. With this destination, D1 is consumed but source S1 is still left with (150-100) = 50 units of supply. With this, column corresponding to D1 is consumed. Now, work on the remaining matrix, which excludes column Dr Again, select the top-left route. Whether you are in high school, college or university, you can get all the assistance you need in Math, Algebra, Calculus, Statistics, Economics, Finance, Accounting, Physics, Programming, Biology, Chemistry, Psychology and many other subjects! The sulfuric acid reacts with zinc in the galvanized coating and contaminates the fuel. In our case, demand for this route is 100 and supply is 250. If you're going to bury a fuel line, creative writing about friends I'd bet you have to meet the same standard as the gas station operators. Good course with basic review of Fluid mechanics in pipe flow, hydraulics component and application as well as basics in Simscape. We get the initial solution by north-west corner method as follows (Fig. Similarly, optimality of North-West corner method solution is done. In this method, we calculate the difference between the two least-cost routes for each row and column.\n\nI need help writing my dissertation\n\nFor this row, the least cost route is S1D1. The route (or cell), creative writing english alphabets which one must select, should be the lowest cost of this row. Copyright © 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. Note that this solution is different from North-West corner solution but total cost is same and minimum. Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. Next, creative writing boston university least cost route is S1D1, with 13 per unit of shipping cost. The revised allocation involves 100 units transfer from cells S1D5 and S3D2 to cells S3D5 and S1D2. More questions? Visit the Learner Help Center. For this route, do my trig homework the demand is 100 units and remaining supply is 150 units. Next assignment is due in the least cost route, which is route S2D4. Let us select row 1, i.e., source S1; For this row, let us define row value, u1 = 0. Choose from more than 900 textbooks from leading academic publishing partners along with additional resources, tools, and content. WebAssign provides extensive content, instant assessment, and superior support. No such thing as \"black iron pipe\".\n\nHelp me write a essay\n\nDiesel fuel polymerizes (thickens) in copper tubing during long periods of standby and will clog the fuel injectors. Similarly, the optimality of Vogel’s method’s initial solution is done. Copyright © 1998-2019 engineering.com, Inc. Now for this, source S1 has highest penalty cost. If the opportunity cost is negative for all unassigned routes, the initial solution is optimal. HomeworkExpert provides Online Tutoring and Problem Solving services that help you improve your academic performance and extend your knowledge. The optimal assignment of routes is 100 units in S1D2, 100 units in S2D3, 100 units in S2D4, creative writing program iowa university and 150 units in S3D3. Now, we leave the consumed routes (i.e., column D5) and work for allocation of other routes. Next assignment is due in the least cost route of the remaining routes. Both have 16 units of transportation cost. Allocate the minimum of remaining balance of supply (in last column) and demand (in last row). When will I have access to the lectures and assignments?\n\nHelp with business plan\n\nNumber of filled cell = 6, which is one less than (m + n + 1). We get the following allocation after removing degeneracy. Hence; add a “dummy destination” (say D5) with zero transportation cost and balance demand which is difference in supply and demand (= 100 units).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6884939670562744}
+{"content": "\"We can\" is the slogan that main opposition New Democracy leader Kyriakos Mitsotakis will present in his speech at the 83rd Thessaloniki International fair (TIF).\n\n\"Greece can and must exit the period of decay,\" New Democracy sources explained and added: \"New Democracy and Kyriakos Mitsotakis have a vision and a plan to take Greece forward. Because the Greeks can play a leading role in the new era.\"\n\nAccording to the same sources, the leader of the main opposition will focus on six axis: the economy, institutions, security, education, Greece's international presence and mobilising civil society. The main tool of his economic policy will be the reduction of taxes and contributions and other reforms that will attract investments and improve the citizens' lives.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5790500044822693}
+{"content": "Controller icon\n\nSupports typically start out by assisting the marksman in lane, as their own power is less dependent on items to function well, but over time their contribution expands as they lend aid to their entire team with both their spells and effective, yet affordable, items. Sub-classes of Controllers are enchanters and Catchers.\n\n\nCatchers specialize in locking down opponents or, in some cases, entire battlefields by creating intense zones of threat that only foolish enemies would dare wade through. Although not as reliant on their friends as Enchanters, the fragile and immobile Catchers greatly benefit from allied presence - both to deter incoming danger and to help capitalize on targets they've locked down.\n\n\nEnchanters focus on amplifying their allies' effectiveness by directly augmenting them and defending them from incoming threats. Enchanters themselves are often quite fragile and bring relatively low damage to the table, meaning they really only shine when grouped together with others.\n\n\n v · e\nChampion attributes", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998219609260559}
+{"content": "Following The Footsteps Of 3 Big Companies Towards Sustainability \n\nSustainable development through environment-friendly technology has been the recent direction of many companies all over the world, and businesses are making strides in spearheading green technology initiatives. This move is very crucial because businesses are catalysts of change; they are influencers who shape consumer lifestyle and behavior. When consumers start to see establishments go green, they, too, are inspired and led to do so in their households and workplaces. \n\n\nIt is interesting to note that big businesses are already doing what they can to imbibe sustainability in their operations. It sets a firm footprint for smaller companies to follow to promote eco-friendly technological innovations too in their respective spheres of influence, no matter how limited their current scope of operations is. In particular, three large companies topped the list in the 2017 Greenpeace Report of business advocates for renewable energy. \n\n\n\nAlphabet, Google’s parent company, ventured into owning Sidewalk Labs—a business whose main focus is on creating smart-city technologies and building a city from there. They combine the forward-looking view of both urban design and digital technology to develop people-centered communities that enjoy the benefits of being the first mover in sustainable technology, which is not only very mobile but also affordable and economical. \n\n\nIn this city, transportation will be through a next-generation, point-to-point transit system that would bring convenience, safety, and affordability. Houses and buildings would be built using materials that reduce energy consumption, landfill waste, and carbon emissions. More than physical infrastructure, this city promotes digital transformation that could lessen paperwork, encourage collaboration, and improve work efficiency. \n\n\n\nThis social media giant has already succeeded in using clean and renewable energy in more than 50 percent of their operations in 2017. As they target to fuel 100 percent of their activities with green technology, they are working extensively with other companies and renewable developers to keep making innovative solutions. Depending on the area serviced by their data centers, eco-friendly initiatives also vary. \n\nIn Europe, the company has already contracted the largest wind energy procurement to support data centers in Lulea, Sweden, and Denmark. In Iowa, they coordinated with local utility agencies to add wind energy projects in their portfolio. In Nebraska, they worked on a new tariff structure for the purchase of wind energy. In Georgia and Alabama, the company continuously utilizes solar power.  \n\n\n\nThe leading tech company in the world has also achieved milestones in switching to sustainable energy. Since 2013, renewable energy powers all of its data centers. The data centers in Oregon, North Carolina, and Nevada even earned the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification from the US Green Building Council. \n\n\n In the company’s headquarters in Cupertino, California, solar panels will blanket the entire roof, and in the event of excess energy from this headquarters, they will sell the surplus to wholesale energy markets. The company is indeed serious in its goal to become more energy-efficient. Meanwhile, it is also working towards reducing its carbon emissions from manufacturing plants up until the actual transport process.  \n\nConsidering the unfortunate effects of climate change, global warming, and other changes in the environment due to human interventions, having private businesses—especially the industry giants—as allies in the fight towards sustainable development is already a big step towards environmental conservation. The effects of the actions of big companies eventually trickle down the society. Sooner or later, more and more businesses, whether big or small, would also be more open to making the shift towards sustainable development. What better way to promote environmentalism than businesses joining together for a viable cause?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9713917374610901}
+{"content": "Jesus Coloring Book Pages for Kids\n\nDid You Know...\n\nAdult admission to Disney World when it opened was $3.50.\n\nColoring Books - What Are They?\n\nSmall children are the ones who mostly use coloring books, nonetheless, even adults have coloring books. These coloring books, and coloring pages and sheets are ordinarily printed out on paper or cardboard, and some books are manufactured so that each page can be detached from the book once it is finished and used as a stand-alone coloring page. In the case where they pages of the coloring book have a sequence or tell a story, they can't be torn out or used as stand-alone pages because that would spoil the story. Many coloring books these days include coloring pages of extremely popular cartoon characters, such as Lego Ninjago coloring pages or Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles coloring pages. These are commonly used as advertising materials for upcoming cartoons or animated films. Lots of other fun activities can be found in children’s coloring books, like number games, mazes, connecting the dots and of course puzzles. Certain types of coloring books come with stickers which can be added to the pages that the kids color. Thus adding more character and fun to the whole activity.\n\nThe History of Coloring Books\n\nColoring books first come about in the US. This introduction was part of a process known as the democratization of art. Josh Reynolds, an English artist was the person responsible for this process. The other two teachers who assisted this process were Johann Pestalozzi from Switzerland and the German Friedrich Fröbel who was his student. Educators from different backgrounds were in agreement that artistic education was helpful to all because it developed cognitive abilities, and advanced peoples’ comprehension of tangible things. Art education would prove to be beneficial in a person's adult life also as many of the skills he learns might end up assisting him in his future careers. Spiritual, social and mental growth are all enhanced in youngsters who take part in artistic activities.\n\nThe McLoughlin brothers are the two people who invented the coloring book. 'The Little Folk's Painting Book' was the initial coloring book made by them in the 1880's. For this book, they worked with a lady called Kate Greenway, and they kept making coloring books until the 1920's. That is when Brothers McLoughlin joined up with the Milton Bradley firm. Richard Outcault is another man who really helped the progression of the coloring book. A coloring book called Buster's Paint Book was written by Richard in 1907. He had created a character in 1902 called Buster Brown, and this coloring book he made was based on this character. The publication of Buster's Paint Book made companies realize what a good idea it would be to use coloring books as a tool for advertising theirs good. Thus, advertising through the use of coloring books and pages started. At first, these initial coloring books were created for readers to paint and not color them. Surprisingly Enough, This Didn't Change With The Increasing popularity of crayons in the 1930's.\n\nThe Uses of Coloring Books in Education\n\nThese days coloring books are commonly used in schools for teaching small children about different things. Coloring books covering endless topics can be found, such as numbers, animal names, and names of cities and continents. Kids find these books easy and more engaging than other ways of learning as images are easier to remember and memorize compared to only words. Learning words through pictures is a great way of facilitating language learn in non-native speakers also. They are also utilized in certain classes as a technique of enhancing creativity and knowledge of different topics such as geometry. Large publishers have been creating coloring books that target adults since the 1980's. These books were directed at graduate students of anatomy and physiology to make their learning experience better.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9988569617271423}
+{"content": "To Pastor Max Frischknecht\n\nDear Pastor Frischknecht, 8 February 1 946\n\nSince it is apparent from your friendly letter and your essay that you are struggling to understand my views correctly, I am taking the liberty of writing you a very long letter.\n\nYour careful study on the terrifying vision of the Blessed Brother Klaus for which I thank you very much, made interesting and enjoyable reading.\n\nI agree entirely with what you say up to the point (p. 36) where you raise the question of the transcendent reason for the vision.\n\nYour alternative is either “metaphysical God” or Brother Klaus’s “own unconscious.”\n\nThis is the caput draconis!\n\nUnwittingly and unawares you impute to me a theory which I have been fighting against for decades, namely Freud’s theory.\n\nAs you know, Freud derives the religious “illusion” from the individual’s “own” unconscious, that is, from the personal unconscious.\n\nThere are empirical reasons that contradict this assumption.\n\nI have summed them up in the hypothesis of the collective unconscious.\n\nThe personal unconscious is characterized by the fact that its contents are formed personally and are at the same time individual acquisitions which vary from man to man, so that everyone has his “own” unconscious.\n\nThe collective unconscious, on the contrary, is made up of contents which are formed personally only to a minor degree and in essentials not at all, are not individual acquisitions, are essentially the same everywhere, and do not vary from man to man.\n\nThis unconscious is like the air, which is the same everywhere, is breathed by everybody, and yet belongs to no one. Its contents (called archetypes) are the prior conditions or patterns of psychic formation in general.\n\nThey have an esse in potentia et in actu but not in re, for as res they are no longer what they were but have become psychic contents.\n\nThey are in themselves non-perceptible, irrepresentable (since they precede all representation), everywhere and “eternally” the same.\n\nHence there is only one collective unconscious, which is everywhere identical with itself, from which everything psychic takes shape before it is personalized, modified, assimilated, etc. by external influences.\n\nIn order to clarify this somewhat difficult concept I would like to take a parallel from mineralogy, the so-called crystal lattice.\n\nThis lattice represents the axial system of the crystal.\n\nIn the mother liquor it is invisible, as though not present, and yet it is present since first the ions aggregate round the (ideal) axial points of intersection, and then the molecules.\n\nThere is only the one crystal lattice for millions of crystals of the same chemical composition.\n\nNo individual crystal can speak of its lattice, since the lattice is the identical precondition for all of them (none of which concretizes it perfectly!).\n\nIt is everywhere the same and “eternal.”\n\nThe theological parallel is the idea of likeness to God.\n\nThere is only one imago Dei, which belongs to the existential ground of all men.\n\nI cannot speak of “my” imago Dei but only of “the” imago Dei.\n\nIt is the principle by which man is shaped, one and the same, immutable, eternal.\n\nAl-Ghazzali sees in the “virtue” by reason of which the stone falls the will of Allah, Schopenhauer the blind Will, the physicist gravitation.\n\nWould the modern theologian contest the right of the physicist to propound a theory of gravitation?\n\nMaybe with the observation that this theory maintains that the stone falls merely for physical reasons, whereas obviously the process can only be explained in a correct and\nsatisfactory manner if the stone falls by God’s will?\n\nWhen, more than 30 years ago, I spoke of God as a “complex of ideas,” an image therefore, I only meant that a God-image is present in man, not, be it understood, in his conscious mind but in his unconscious, where it is inaccessible to criticism and arbitrary modification.\n\nPeople instantly accused me of atheism.\n\nI have never asserted that Brother Klaus’s vision of God sprang from his personal unconscious, but rather from that-we may well say-mysterious sphere of supra-personal factors which somehow underlie man.\n\nBecause this sphere is antecedent to man and is a sine qua non of his psychic life, I allow myself to call this ”psyche” (or whatever it may be) “divine” in contradistinction to “human,” since even the theologians do not hesitate to conceive likeness to God as an imago DEI and hence divine.\n\nTo the simple” human psyche there is now attached this imago Dei, which complicates its simplicity somewhat. Incidentally, my use of “divine” is not to be understood sensu strictiori: in the ancient pharmacopoeia there is a lapis divinus, and in alchemy a divine water (which also means sulphuric acid ).\n\nYour difficulty in understanding my way of looking at things is due to the incommensurability of standpoint.\n\nAs a theologian you adopt the standpoint of the scientia divina and see the world through God’s eye.\n\nAs a scientist I see with merely human eyes, judge by means of human understanding, and presume to no other knowledge than is afforded me by scientific insight.\n\nI can therefore only establish that Brother Klaus did not see his image as a concrete, material figure in space, that it was not the product of delirium or intoxication, but was on the contrary “psychogenic,” i.e., a psychic fact to be evaluated as a spontaneous product of certain processes in the “unconscious.”\n\nThis “unconscious” consists, as I have said, of empirically demonstrable, subliminal contents (or contents that have become subliminal), and to that extent it is designated the “personal unconscious” and may therefore be considered altogether “psychic” (in contradistinction to “somatic”).\n\nBut over and above this there seem to be contents which cannot be explained as individual acquisitions (they correspond to the complicated instinctual dispositions in the\nanimal kingdom).\n\nThey correspond to the inherited modes of behaviour which are present a priori at any time. (Crystal lattice )\n\nThey influence psychic behaviour and express themselves in psychic forms; hence we speak of them as psychic contents, a facon de parler which does not accord badly with their phenomenology.\n\nAt bottom we naturally don’t know what their nature is since we know only their numinous effects.\n\nWe know as little about their origin as about the origin of cosmic rays. Beyond that I know nothing.\n\nSo-called “spiritual” existences are verifiable for me only as psychic (likewise, of course, all “metaphysical” existences).\n\nThis is the standpoint of the scientist and phenomenologist, to whom the thousand years of the Middle Ages have demonstrated ad oculos that there is the phenomenon of a consensus which claims the right and the capacity to explain the world• from God’s standpoint.\n\nThe scientist will only affirm that at all times and in all places there have been and still are very many people who think “theologically” and not “scientifically.”\n\nHe does not by any means contest the possibility and possible validity of this thinking, only he doesn’t think like that.\n\nThe concept of the unconscious posits nothing, it designates only my unknowing.\n\nI affirm only the evident fact that the vision rose up from the ground of the psyche.\n\nBeyond this ground there are only precarious conjectures. But this is just where the scientia divina steps in, declaring it possesses a sure knowledge of all the things\nscience doesn’t know.\n\nThis assertion, I willingly admit, is uncommonly interesting but not verifiable, so is not an object of scientific study in so far as it claims to be more than a phenomenon.\n\nScience is human knowledge, theology divine knowledge. Therefore the two are incommensurable.\n\nIt is clear that theology has to “secularize” the psyche, for measured against the Creator all creatures are “bad earthen pots.”\n\nSouls, human beings, things, planets, the worlds of fixed stars shrink before God’s eye into miserable ephemerids.\n\nThe ridiculously small eye of the scientist beholds vastnesses in the deeps of nature and their equivalents in the psyche.\n\nThe merest trifles appear wonderful to him, as for instance this paltry psychic organism to which such wonderful things happen.\n\nThe scientist must be content with the poverty of his merely human knowledge. The theologian sits. on top of a gigantic mountain, while the scientist toilsomely climbs up it\nway down below.\n\nI do not dispute the possibility that the vision was sent to the blessed brother by God himself. But how should I know that this was so?\n\nIf I don’t know something, neither do I know what I should believe about it, unless, for reasons unknown to me, I am compelled to believe.\n\nBut in the latter event my scientific conscience would say: “That too is a phenomenon the reasons for which you know nothing about.”\n\nIt seems to me, therefore, that it is I who have to make my standpoint clear to the theologian rather than he his to me, which I am so intimately familiar with for historical and personal reasons.\n\nIt seems to me I would have no difficulty in thinking theologically.\n\nBut I find that theologians do not understand the scientific viewpoint.\n\nHow comes it, for instance, that you tax me with “theology”? Is the physicist with his gravitation or any other theory also going in for “theology”? (Certainly he competes with the theologian al-Ghazzali!)\n\nYours sincerely,\n\n\nP.S. I hope you will excuse this critical discussion. I always regret it when theologians take up a defensive position on the erroneous assumption that I want to put something else in the place of theology.\n\nOn the contrary, I thought that theologians, in view of their apologetics, would be glad of psychological proofs which corroborate the rightness of their statements also on empirical grounds, even though this is possible only to a modest degree.\n\nI have found that the little I have to put forward has helped a great many people to understand the facts of religion. The charisma of faith is not granted\nto all. [Letters Volume 1, Pages 408-412]\n\nLiked it? Take a second to support lewislafontaine on Patreon!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8064359426498413}
+{"content": "A personal account of the important role of magnolia trees in my life\n\nThe Nobel Peace went to a Kenyan woman, Wangari Maathai, for her planting of thirty million trees. Those of you living in colder areas may already be familiar with Star Magnolia, Magnolia stellata. Mulch is often made from tree bark or wood chips. Some forms are evergreen with glossy and leathery leaves and some evergreen types have buds, stems and undersides of leaves that are covered with attractive gold to copper to brown felt-like hairs.\n\nGive large species of magnolia plenty of room to grow.\n\nEnvironmental Studies\n\nMany new magnolias have been discovered in tropical areas of Asia and South America, and these may become more available in the future. This native of southeastern North America was first introduced to Europe inand quickly became popular because of its glossy evergreen foliage, large beautiful flowers and elegant form.\n\nWhat should you look for when selecting a magnolia? The largest known Magnolia grandiflora tree, from Smith County, Mississippi, measured Eucalyptus and pussy willow branches are used in flower arrangements It's astonishing to see a film begin this brilliantly only to torpedo itself in its final hour,\" but went on to say that the film \"was saved from its worst, most reductive ideas by the intimacy of the performances and the deeply felt distress signals given off by the cast\".\n\nThis process helps eliminate circling roots that otherwise might constrain root growth. In Genesis, God creates a garden, Eden, which represents the world as it was meant to be—-paradise. The amount of light needed is typically a full sun in the morning with filtered shade in the heat of day.\n\nSouthern Magnolia The familiar, towering Southern magnolia Magnolia macrophylla is the state flower of Louisiana and Mississippi.\n\nRelationship with other species Non-human Pests: Plant container-grown and balled-and-burlapped magnolias in fall or spring. Magnolias need about 1 to 2 inches of water a week, which the tree usually receives from rainfall.\n\nPalm and coconut oils are used in soaps and toiletries 8. Are resistant to many diseases and pests. Neem tree oil is a pesticide Can't you give me something I can relate to, like falling in love with a girl?\n\nInteresting Fact on the Magnolia Tree\n\nThe magnolia is also an iconic tree in the U. If possible, avoid exposed, windy locations because strong winds can damage large flowers and the typically brittle branches. Anderson imagined Hall walking up the steps of Walters' apartment and having an intense confrontation with her.\n\nTrees provide some of the oxygen animals need to breathe. Seeds and foliage are favorites of migrating birds. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.\n\nAs you dream about magnolias in your yard, keep in mind that there are many different species and varieties to choose from. These diseases cannot be controlled with chemicals so prevention is the best defense. Rosin from pines Chicle, used in chewing gum, from chicle tree 5.\n\nWhere There is a Tree, There is a Village\n\nSouthern Magnolia Also known as the bull bay tree, the Southern magnolia is the most notable evergreen magnolia native to the U. A few favorites include: Apply gallons per inch 3.\n\nCritical reception[ edit ] \"There is no filmFig Trees First to fruit with multiple harvest a year! The intensely nutritious fig is one of a kind. Besides its creamy texture, subtle hints of berry with undertones of vanilla flavor, this age-old fruit is packed with more than a decadent taste.\n\nSouthern magnolia trees have large, dark green, leathery, oval leaves, about cm ( inches) long, which it does not shed in winter. The undersides of the leaves have a bronze-red brown fuzzy surface, and the twigs are also red and fuzzy. May 03,  · Where There is a Tree, There is a Village May 3, Jerry Patee.\n\nTrees have and continue to play an important role in my life. I have always been fascinated by these gentle giants’ as long as I can remember. Magnolia trees are diverse in leaf shape and plant form, and they include both evergreen and deciduous sorts. They aren’t usually munched by deer. The following text classifies magnolias by general type; the chart lists species, hybrids, and selections alphabetically.\n\nDepending on the magnolia species, these trees and shrubs grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 to 9. Magnolias are susceptible to various problems, but with the proper.\n\n\nRated 4/5 based on 36 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7430822849273682}
+{"content": "Effective and lightweight solution to organize tasks. This useful programme holds ToDo list while requires a little desktop space and can hide to the tray when not needed. Tasks can be checked upon completion before you delete them from list. There is a special window to add a task. Just enter new task name and click Add Task button. Window will not close at this moment and allow to add another task. Tasks can be edited also.\nLicenseFree to try\nFile Size786.6 kB\nOperating System Windows Windows XP Windows 2000 Windows 7 Windows Vista\nSystem RequirementsWindows 2000/XP/Vista", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8450193405151367}
+{"content": "लोड हो रहा है\nPlayed: 154579\n\nवर्णन: In this Hentai game we'll test your reflexes and attention skills. There's a field with dozens of numbered points. Your task is to move your cursor through the each of these points in order they are numbered, starting from 0. Act as fast as you can, because you have only 2 seconds to find next spot.\n\n\nइस खेल पर टिप्पणी करें\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7739237546920776}
+{"content": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice\n\nFeeling allowed. Thinking aloud.\n\nFor the last three months I’ve spent considerable time with my 91-year old Danish Mother of the Heart as she continues the journey towards her ‘Next’. Sitting beside her, sometimes talking but more often in silence, holding her hand or stroking her beautiful white hair reminds me that maturing is a gift not everyone is given. Mom definitely received the Gift and helping her unwrap every breath is mine.\n\nTouching death three times deepened the courage it takes to live wholly and fully. But for me living from authenticity is the far greater challenge. “Self-forming” is infinitely more joyous than conforming, the latter the high price of acceptance, limboing under the low bar of others presumptions, or pole vaulting over others demands. Every day my quest is to rediscover the heart of wisdom. It means celebrating the moment and also daring to ask and answer the hard questions life throws at me. Knowing that Time changes everything —whether I like it or not— means living an answer that’s no longer true is living a lie. It has also led to learning that sharing my personal answer is a waste of time and energy unless someone specifically asks.\n\n\nAuthenticity means knowing what works for me at any given moment without suffering from the delusion that what works for me will work for anyone else. Where and how I live, when and what I eat, why I feel what I feel, how I learn, determine my priorities and use my time is very different from Jytte, my very best friend. The truth is simple; despite our personal, cultural, and academic differences, how what works for us is identical, this unity is the heart and soul of the Purpose we share!\n\nThat’s why this work is not about the Mereon Matrix per se. It’s about sharing the sequential questions based on its natural and logical process. It’s feeling the harmony that flows when deciding whether or not to harness a possibility! Being able to determine to a high probability if the potential in a choice is realisable is a game changer. This simple universal logic gives rise to personal meaning and lets us extend it in a coherent way as we build healthy relationships.\n\nWhat would you give to be free, embodying the Source while living a life where passion, compassion and justice flow from loving wisdom?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6394630074501038}
+{"content": "\n\n\n\n    2. Answer the questions below.\n    4. To view CE information click here\n\nNeal Goldsmith, Ph. D., Psychedelic Therapy and Change: Research, Challenges, Implications\n\nCourse Presenter(s):\nAuthor(s): Neal Goldsmith, Ph.D. | (click author name for biography)\n\nCourse Description: This talk will introduce tracks 2 and 3 for the conference, and discuss Dr. Goldsmith’s research. Dr. Goldsmith will begin by discussing the tracks in a historical perspective, and will then outline the research environment, focus, and results from 1947 to the present, outlining how the climate has changed over the decades, the key research areas (substance abuse, end-of-life, etc.) and findings, and the current research underway and planned. Next, this talk will examine key questions: Can psychedelics provide lasting cures? Is psychedelic spirituality real; helpful? Should we take a medical, sacramental, or some other approach to this work? Is double blind effective; necessary? How will psychedelic researchers and therapists be trained? What should be done about re-scheduling psychedelics? How can we introduce psychedelics into mainstream medicine; society? Next, Dr. Goldsmith will discuss how medicine, science, and Western culture as a whole could be changed by the re-integration of psychedelics into society. The talk will close with a review of the aims and approaches of the Therapy/Cultural track, and outlining how the panels in the track will help to address the issues raised in this talk.\nBiography of Presenter:\n\nNeal Goldsmith-Psychedelic Therapy and Change: Research, Challenges, Implications from MAPS: Psychedelic Science on Vimeo.\n\nTrue/False Comprehension Quiz\n\nAlcohol produces a contracted, and potentially addictive state of consciousness.\nGoldsmith describes his focus in psychotherapy as not so much on understanding, fixing or analyzing personality but rather at helping his patients disidentify with personality.\nGoldsmith invokes the metaphor of a window not a table to describe the perspective gained through psychedelics.\nAccording to Goldsmith in the “next few years” either psilocybin or MDMA will be rescheduled to class 3 substances.\nGoldsmith believes that when providing psychotherapy, the focus should be on either cultivating a cathartic experience or a transcendent experience.\n\nRate this Course:\nRating of this course out of 16 votes:62%\n\n\nSpiritual Competency Resource Center Website", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.807467520236969}
+{"content": "News & Events\n\n14 Ward Street - House and fence\n\n14-Ward -Street\n\nBuilding Details\n\nAddress: 14 Ward Street, House and garage\nConstruction date: 1916\nArchitect/designer: Robin Hood and L Baker\nArchitectural style: Bungalow\nDistrict Plan Category: 2\nBuilding number: 78\nHeritage NZ Category: Nil\n\nPhysical and Social History \n\nThe original plans for this house are held in PNCC's Building Permit section. These are undated, but state that the plans were drawn up by Robin Hood and L Baker, for CH Withers. They showed a two-bedroom residence with stairs going up to a box room in the attic. There was also a basement under the bathroom containing the laundry and toilet.\n\nThe prior CT for this property was WN445/165. This was issued on 1 August 1935 to the Native Trustee. This covered about three acres (1.5431 hectares) of land at the Featherston Street end of Ward Street, being Lots 128-147 of DP8236. The leaseholds within this block date to 1915 (according to information on this CT), and possibly this indicates the age of the subdivision.\n\nThis property consists of Lot 134 and part of Lot 133, and its 20-year lease began on 1 August 1916 (other leases issued in 1915 were for full 21 year terms). This one was issued to Charles Herbert Withers.\n\nCharles Withers had married Amy Beatrice Heaton, the daughter of one of Palmerston North's earliest setters, in December 1911, and the birth notice for the first of their two sons appeared in October 1912.[1] As their second child was not born until about 1920, it seems likely that Charles had seen military service during World War One. As he was keen enough to drive to Wellington and back over a weekend to show his young sons the American Fleet, perhaps he had served in the Navy.\n\nCharles was a plumber's merchant, and his business was in Rangitikei Street. At about 9:30pm on Sunday, 16 August 1925, he and his family were driving homeward through Rangiotu in their new 5-seater Chandler car, along what is now SH56. They had been to Wellington to see the American Fleet in Wellington Harbour, having travelled down as far as Plimmerton the previous day. On Sunday morning they visited Wellington Harbour and had then begun what will have been a long, slow and apparently rather cold journey back to Palmerston North.\n\nThey were following a friend, William Kilpatrick, an engineer, who business was next door to Withers', who was accompanied by his wife and some friends. The previous night Kilpatrick had had a near miss with the Rangiotu road bridge, through misjudging the approaches to the nearby railway bridge (part of the Foxton-Palmerston North railway system), as being the ones to the road bridge. By the time he had realised his error and braked, the car had halted with its lights touching the palings of a picket fence that overlooked the Oroua River.\n\nThe Withers family were not so lucky. Amy Withers and her sons Leonard, known as Len, (5) and Jack (12) were in the back seat of their car at the time, and the two boys, at least, were asleep. At the inquest, Charles Withers said that he had previously driven over the bridge, but not at night. On this occasion though, he was travelling at about 15mph when his headlights picked up the railway bridge - which was situated about half a chain from the road bridge. As he approached, he believed the railway bridge to be the road bridge, until he also suddenly found the picket fence directly in front of him. He braked, but was too close to the fence to stop in time and the fence could not stop the car.\n\nThe car then plunged through the fence, down the bank (a drop of about 18 feet) and into the river, which was in flood and in this spot some 12 feet deep. Charles Withers managed to extract himself from the sinking car, which by then had passed under the road bridge. He was found clinging to willows about 15-20 feet from where the car went into the river. However, neither he nor the local people who rushed to help, could find his family, and these people had to struggle with him to keep him from re-entering the water to try to find them himself.\n\nIt took until 11:30pm to find the car and it was impossible to extract it from the river at the time. It was empty by the time it was recovered the next day. Ironically its lights were still burning when it was pulled from the river.\n\nHis friend William Kilpatrick, had soon realised that the Withers' car was no longer behind him after the bridge, and had turned back to see what had happened. Kilpatrick became involved in a systematic search for the family that went on for the next several weeks. This incident, and his experience the night before the accident, had presumably helped inspire the local community and/or the local authorities to remedy a particularly dangerous situation.\n\nThe Manawatu Times reported that the relatively new concrete road bridge was about ten yards from the railway bridge. Previously a wooden road bridge had crossed the river in the space between the concrete bridge and railway bridge, and due to the changed position of the new bridge, drivers were now required to make a slight turn onto it.\n\nThe book A History of Rangiotu records that the railway bridge had been built well above the riverbanks, to ensure that it was clear of floodwaters. This meant that the approaches were relatively high above the surrounding terrain[2]. Possibly the road bridge followed a similar practice. Furthermore, for a time road and rail traffic had shared a single bridge at this site. This was built sometime after 1889 and possibly even was the aforementioned demolished wooden bridge.[3]\n\nThe Manawatu Times reported that the problem was that when approaching the bridge at night, the car lights shone on the upper structure of the railway bridge, making it appear as if the crossing was straight ahead. This was accentuated by the fact that the sides of the new bridge were very low, and almost invisible until they were very close.\n\nCharles had clearly been driving for many hours, including some four hours after dark, in what by modern standards must have been extremely uncomfortable conditions. He said that he had been completely deceived by the optical illusion created by the railway bridge. When he realised his mistake, he attempted to stop and at first thought the picket fence would hold the car. It did not. A newspaper report two days after the tragedy recorded that it had \"cast gloom over the town and country.\"\n\nLen's body was found five weeks later on 24 September and Jack's on 26 September, both at Moutoa some 25-30 miles from the scene of the accident. The body of their mother Amy Withers was never found. Her plot at Terrace End Cemetery remains empty between those of her two sons, despite their headstone being prepared on the assumption that one day she would be found.[4]\n\nAt the inquest in January 1926, the coroner was relieved to find that steps had been taken to try to prevent another such accident from taking place at this bridge.[5]\n\nCharles Withers renewed the lease on the Ward Street section for a further 21 years on 1 August 1936, but what eventually became of him was not researched. Certainly, the coroner had commented at the inquest on the impact the tragedy had had upon his health.[6]\n\nIn 1957 the lease on the Ward Street section was issued to the Manawatu Meat & Cold Storage Company Ltd for 21 years.[7] In 1975 the lease was transferred to John Sampson and then in 1978 it was extended a further 21 years to 31 July 1999. The CT was then replaced in 1979.\n\nCT WN12D/755 was issued in 1979 to the New Zealand Insurance Company Ltd \"pursuant to Section 438 Maori Affairs Act, 1953.\" The property had been leased (No. 27562) for a 21-year period, starting 1 August 1957, by John Sampson. He then extended this for a further 21 years in 1978 - giving an end date of 31 July 1999. However, the lease was transmitted in 1989 to the NZ Guardian Trust Co Ltd, as executor.\n\nThe lease was transferred to Rhonda Mary Bachelor, a Senior Lecturer at Massey University College of Education in Palmerston North. It was then transferred to Gillian Mary Yorke in 1999. She then extended the lease for a further 21 years from 1 August 1999.\n\nIn 2000, the land was declared to be General Land under Section 135 of the Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993.\n\nThe lease was transferred to the present owners of the house, Patrick Andrew Murphy and Verity Purves Murphy in 2005.\n\nArchitectural Design \n\nThe plan of the two storey house is rectangular with the long elevation facing the street.  The main entrance is from the side of the house leading to a central passage and stair down to the basement level with toilet and laundry.  To the rear of the house on one side of the ground floor are two bedrooms and bathroom with the kitchen, dining room and living room opposite.  Off the centrally located dining room is a wide porch towards the road, while the entire length of the side of the house opposite the entry has a wide Main Porch.  The living room and main bedroom have access to the porch. \n\nThe house maintains the characteristics of the Californian Bungalow with moderately pitched wide and expansive main gable roof over the whole house, with a secondary, lower gable over the smaller porch towards the street. The roofs have wide overhanging eaves, with  exposed rafters and beams, splayed posts supporting the wide porches, curved walls and tall chimney.  Some of the windows also have curved forms.\n\nThe house is constructed of exposed brickwork with shingles on the upper half of the walls.  The doors and windows are of timber, with leaded lights to some windows.  The roof is Marseille tile, a common roof for the style.\n\nThe house has a wide lawn between it and the street and the boundary fence is of concrete block imitating stonework.  Tall trees are planted along the street inside the fence line.\n\nStatement of Significance \n\nThe house has local significance for its historical and design values, its local representativity of building style and high level of external authenticity.\n\nThe house has design values as a large and excellent representative example of the Californian Bungalow style, in a city where there are a number of very good examples of the style.  The house has a high level of authenticity of external design, materials, craftsmanship and setting.\n\nThe house has historical values in its association with the original owner of the house, CH Withers and its association with the architect, Robin Hood, a well known architect of the period in the Manawatu area.\n\nThis house has social historical significance due to its connection to a tragic car accident at a time when driving cars - especially on rural roads at night in mid-winter - was still relatively new. The concept of driver fatigue was not an issue at that time, but it seems likely to have played a role in this case. The journey between Wellington and Palmerston North, apparently at around 15mph, would have taken some seven hours each way. It would have been the equivalent of driving to Auckland and back - over a two-day period - in freezing conditions, on metal roads, and with no convenient white lines to follow when it got dark.\n\nAdditional References\nCertificates of Title: WN12D/755 (1979), prior WN445/165\n\n[1]Manawatu Standard 14 December 1911 1(1) & 5(2); 9 October 1912 1(1)\n\n[2] KR Cassells, 'The Tramway and the Railway at Rangiotu', in Maren Dixon & Ngaire Watson (eds), A History of Rangiotu (PN, 1983), p33.\n\n[3] KR Cassells, The Foxton and Wanganui Railway (Wellington, 1984), pp127, 128, 130, 173. By 1956, the concrete bridge the Withers' had missed, had cracked and heavy trucks were required to drive over the railway bridge once again. On the day in 1956 that author Ken Cassells travelled through Rangiotu by train, they followed a large transport truck across the bridge.\n\n[4] Ian Matheson City Archives, NZSG Terrace End Cemetery Transcript No. 4280 - Block 36, plots 47, 49 & 51.\n\n[5]Manawatu Times 17 August 1925 7(4-5), 18 August 1925 7(5), 28 September 1925 6(8); Manawatu Standard 29 January 1926 7(2) Inquest.\n\n[6] The only Charles Withers in the Palmerston North Cemetery records was a labourer of 21 Cook Street, who died on 16 October 1941, aged 60. No relatives were referred to in his death notice Manawatu Times, 17 October 1941, 1(1), both death and funeral notices. This Charles Withers was known as 'Tim'. If this was the same person, one would question why he wasn't buried in the family plot.\n\n[7] The Building Permit records indicate that in 1971 the owner was Mana Meats.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5391365885734558}
+{"content": "Testosterone influences body fat distribution\n\n\n\n\nThe study sheds light on how testosterone controls where fat is stored, and reveals that men who have low levels of testosterone show a shift in how they store body fat. Like women, they store more fat in their hips and thighs.\n\nTo prove this, Santosa and co-author Michael Jensen, from the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, analyzed the amount of stored fat that comes directly from food consumption by giving male study subjects a liquid meal with a radioactive tracer.\n\nThey later collected samples of fat from the abdomen and the thigh to see how much of the fat contained in the meal was stored. They found that men with low testosterone stored more fat in the thigh than men with normal testosterone.\n\nSantosa and Jensen also analyzed some of the proteins that break fat down and store it. They found that abnormal protein levels provided clues as to how the presence of testosterone changes the functioning of fat cells.\n\n\n\n\nPartners in Research: This study was supported by funding from the National Center for Research Resources, the National Institutes of Health, the American Diabetes Association, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Diabetes Association.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6909343004226685}
+{"content": "Draconis Combine\n\n\nDutiful Sons\n\nAll Ryuken units paint their BattleMechs charcoal gray. The Ryuken-ni MechWarriors accent thier 'Mechs in silver, sparingly applying the color along sharp edges to imitate the edge of a blade.\n\nPer FM:Draconis Combine, page 126.\n\nOther references:\n\nColor Scheme\n\nThe Ryuken apply the Kurita dragon crest to their BattleMechs on the left leg just above the knee and near the exhaust ports of fighters. The Ryuken insignia is a dragon curling around a Katana sword, both drawn with rich detail. The regiment's insignia, displayed on each 'Mech's head is a fierce-looking feline head wearing a Japanese-style kabuto helm. Per FM: Draconis Combine, pages 126 and 127.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8441281318664551}
+{"content": "New Jobs:\n\n- RS I/II (Contraline)\n\n- Scientist (EMD)\n\n- Med Chemist (SBP)\n\n- Scientist (Astex)\n\nLatest Internships:\n\n- U of Florida/France\n\n  (Summer 2019)\n\n- University of Iowa\n\n  (Summer 2019)\n\n\n\nOther Names:\n\n\nAzodicarboxylic acid dipiperidide\n\n\nGeneral Information:\n\n\nCAS Number: 10465-81-3\n\nMolecular Weight: 252.31 g/mol\n\nMelting Point: 134-136 C\n\n1,1-(Azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine (ADDP) is typically used as a reagent in Mitsunobu reactions. ADDP is an Azo-type reagent that enables Mitsunobu reactions with certain substrates that react poorly or fail with DEAD-TPP systems. DEAD-TPP Mitsunobu reactions generally only work well with substrates that have a pKa < 11. Azo-type reagents are more easily protonated by less acidic substrates, therefore should allow more successful reactions when substrates have a pKa near the limits of the DEAD-TPP system's abilities, which as mentioned before is at pKa ~11.\n\nAzo-type reagents are poorer Michael acceptors than DEAD, therefore they are generally paired with more nucleophilic phosphine reagents than TPP, such as tributylphosphine or trioctylphosphine.\n\nCommon Uses:\n\nReagent in Mitsunobu reactions\n\nProcedure excerpt:\n\n. . . was added ADDP (0.192 g, 0.761 mmol) and the mixture was again sparged with N2 and stirred an additional 10 min. Trioctylphosphine (0.40 mL, 0.81 mmol) was added . . .\n\n[full procedure]\n\n\n1) Patent Reference: WO2016014463, page 168, (6.7 MB)\n\n2) 1,1’-(Azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine (link)\n\n3) H27719 1,1’-(Azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine, 97% (link)\n\n4) Tsunoda, Tetsuto; Kaku, Hiroto; Ito, Sho; New Mitsunobu Reagents (TCI Mail) (link)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9525572061538696}
+{"content": "\n\nRe: Lack of Sauropod Gastroliths - cellulose digestive Enzymes\n\nMaybe the real question should be - Is it likely that sauropods had  genes\nthat produced enzymes that could break down cellulose?\n\nGood idea. I just fear that, except if cellulases produce some weird isotope fractionation, this is untestable.\n\nIf cellulose digesting bacteria gave these other, later\ndinosaur branches an opportunity to digest  plant\nmatter (and replaceable teeth gave them food grinding material),\nthese  latter groups might have had a later advantage, driving the\nsauropods to  extinction by forcing the evolution of quicker\nmaturing plant species.\n\nDoesn't explain the coexistence of hadrosaurs and sauropods in South America and Asia in the Late Cretaceous.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8512121438980103}
+{"content": "Why Are Foot Stretches Important?\n\nThe importance of properly stretching the feet aids in the body’s ability to maintain balance. Additional benefits include developing flexibility and limber muscles, which can possibly help one avoid Achilles tendon injuries and heel pain. As the feet become stronger, the likelihood of pain in the arches and tears in the tendons will diminish. Pointing and flexing the feet is a simple yet effective stretch for the entire foot, which allows the ankles to strengthen. When pointing your toes, it’s suggested to strive for a feeling of the top of the arch becoming longer, which results in toe movement from the muscles that are stretched under the arch. If you would like additional information about the importance of proper foot stretches and techniques, please schedule a consultation with a podiatrist.\n\nStretching the feet is a great way to prevent injuries. If you have any concerns with your feet consult with one of our podiatrists  from the Foot & Ankle Center. Our doctors will assess your condition and provide you with quality foot and ankle treatment.\n\nStretching the Feet\n\n\nGreat ways to stretch your feet:\n\n\n\n\nRead more about Stretching Your Feet", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6879144906997681}
+{"content": "Display characteristics\n\n1, using the most advanced international 65536 ( 16bit ) gray scale control technology, completely solve the full-color display in the low gray scale display when the mosaic phenomenon, so that the displayed image natural transition, delicate, bright colors, PLC Lamp the full realization of video source of truth.\n\nIn 2, the display contrast to 6400:1, so that the displayed image hierarchy, overcomes the full-color display by luminance changes impact.\n\nIn 3, the display color can achieve 281.5 trillion, fully meet the various advanced video source input requirements, can display the perfect color.\n\n4, the virtual pixel display, the display size under the same circumstances, than ordinary LED display resolution is increased by 4 times, so that the Dimmer Switch dab5d58ck display can display the incomparable fine image.\n\nIn 5, the drive plate gray scale control technology, the nonlinear correction function integrated into the drive plate chip, using 65536 ( 16bit ) gray scale correction technology, greatly improving the data transmission rate, and improve the system stability, nonlinear correction way to drive LED tube, so that LED display screen adaptation of human nonlinear demand, thus showing was born vivid video screen, online.upspowermanufacturer.com the image more stable.\n\n6, using Gigabit wire transmission technology and board level gray processing technology, so that the data transmission speed is greatly improved, so the 8 display scanning frequency can reach 1200Hz, eliminates the LED screen flicker phenomenon, eliminate the fatigue of the human eye viewing, the maximum to meet the needs of digital equipment.\n\n7, using a constant current driving circuit, ensure the LED luminous tube is stable, reliable, and extension of the LED luminous tube service life, but also ensures that the LED luminous tube luminance uniformity.\n\n8, through the software implementation on the LED display the entire screen and each unit module brightness, contrast adjustment, google tv remote with memory function, ensure the display brightness of the entire screen consistency.\n\n9, using point-by-point brightness control technology, can ensure the uniformity of LED display screen, the screen after several years running, LED LED brightness will appear in varying degrees of attenuation, using point-by-point brightness adjustment technology takes only two hours to let the screen back to the factory when the homogeneous state.\n\n10, the system redundant technology, can realize the system scan controller with two-way data transmission, wherein a scan controller is damaged or level wiring fault does not affect the whole screen display.\n\npower consumption\n\nLinear voltage regulator switch voltage will face problem of power consumption, switch mode has the problems of noise, LED drive the choice of conversion depends on the application.\n\nHow to convert?\n\nThe linear regulator to convert the voltage will face the problem of power consumption, LED Spotlight this approach is more suitable for the need to avoid noise ( such as car audio ) and therefore cannot use switch mode converter. While the switch mode is characterized by a very high conversion efficiency, but it also has the problems of noise, LED Floodlight so the choice of conversion depends on the application.\n\nUsually, the charge pump drive efficiency with the input voltage changes, the change in voltage range applications, its efficiency is quite low; and the voltage variation range of small applications, only when the input and output voltages are integral multiples of relations, its efficiency can reach the maximum, but this in battery powered applications it is difficult to achieve. The inductance of the conversion efficiency is not affected by voltage interference, application limits than the charge pump is less, so the current conversion circuit with inductance mode.\n\nHow to evaluate the performance?\n\nSay objectively, evaluation of HB LED drive IC performance according to different applications, can lump together. Such as decorative lighting applications on the RGB color change control requirements, the performance becomes the main index, in monochrome application does not require the. And as the narrow space of application requirements is the heat capacity; LED Candle Bulb automotive lighting instead of application requirements of both the original circuit system and smooth combination of performance and high reliability is required; in NB and display applications, the string LED brightness balance control driver IC for each branch current is accurate control, such as MAXIM product control precision can reach 3%; projector application requires high efficiency driving circuit, the rapid adjustment of brightness and thermal protection capability; in alternative applications, performance more is reflected throughout the programme rather than a single driver on IC. In general, the integration of device, control volume, speed of response, fault diagnosis, heat-resistant are performance evaluation.\n\nUsually, high integration aims to improve performance, but at high power, high integration as the meet the current will increase in chip area, increase the cost at the same time also faces the problem of heat dissipation, so, how to balance the power and integration is the relationship between the driver IC design task. Drive IC in improved chip technology to meet the cost at the same time, improve the package to solve the problem of heat dissipation.\n\nMake a free website with emyspot.com - Report abuse", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9852805137634277}
+{"content": "Thesis statement about animal cloning\n\nThe Veterinary clinics of North America Small animal practice ; This does not Thesis statement about animal cloning determinism, because determinism is a statement about inference and not about inevitability.\n\n\nFirst things first.\n\nAugust Learn how and when to remove this template message Law is complex from a methodological viewpoint. The primitive part of the brain is involved in this type of programming.\n\nAn alter is different from an alter fragment in that the alter fragment is a dissociated part of the mind which serves only a single purpose. Quite to the contrary, if we look at the following portion of scripture, we will see the Word of God portraying trauma after trauma with a light still at the end of the tunnel!\n\nPantheism and Idealism are incorrect because they too are unparsimonious. Spirit is anything mysteriously volitional or otherwise not governed by lawlike regularity.\n\nHypercalcemia in chronic kidney disease (2018)\n\nThe Nazi research records were confiscated by the Allies and are still classified. The Journal of nutrition ; So it is with brainwashing The blessings that flow from planting the information of this book in your mind, will require the presence of living waters of love.\n\nIs there a way to answer these questions, or would any answer not make a difference? Because popular elections appoint political parties to govern, the leader of a party can change in between elections.\n\nPyrenean ibex\n\nIn a smaller prospective study, 2 of 15 cats developed ionized hypercalcemia within 6 months after transition onto a clinical renal diet, and withdrawal of the diet restored normocalcaemia in both cases.\n\nThere is an important reason why these occult ideas and beliefs are introduced, we need to study our enemy and know how he thinks. If it is asserted that non-existence is more likely or natural than existence, one could ask why this asserted tendency toward non-existence itself exists. Illuminati--The Illuminati are 13 elite bloodlines which have manuevered themselves into control over this planet.\n\nAmerican journal of nephrology ;9: Retrospective study of the survival of cats with acquired chronic renal insufficiency offered different commercial diets.\n\nA fideist believes what he hears. You have to focus on how they may protect wild animals. Thou shalt know that I am Lord: Continental philosophy fails by turning methodological skepticism into mysticism Phenomenology, Existentialism and cynical relativism Deconstructionism, Critical Theory.\n\nEducation with Integrity\n\nThe Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine ; It may not be time to plant the truth in your mind. A mind is any volition al conscious faculty for perception and cognition. Are these questions meaningless?\n\n\nFor example, in Brown v. The pathophysiology of hypercalcemia in CKD is incompletely understood, but several mechanisms may contribute to hypercalcemia in CKD.\n\nIt is often stated that cats with CKD typically have total hypercalcemia only, with the ionized calcium concentration within reference interval. The female ibex, though, could be mistaken for a deer since its coat was brown throughout the summer.\n\nDelta models are slaves whose sole purpose is assassination. I have searched for truth like a treasure hunter, I have sifted the dusty pages of documents, like a patient miner panning for gold.\n\nA few of the victims of the Monarch Project were even awarded financial compensation for their misery. Humans have no credible evidence of any supernatural agency or unity.\n\n\nThis book is in no way meant as a blanket endorsement of every spiritual warfare tactic. There is no inherent difference between the absorption and emission of a photon. Reality consists ultimately of matter and energy and their fundamentally lawlike and unwilled relations in space-time.\n\nFideists usually believe in theism or deism.CHAPTER 1. SCIENCE NO. 1 - SELECTION & PREPARATION OF THE VICTIM. The average person who has been spoon-fed what he knows from the controlled establishment (the establishment’s news, churches, and schools) is overwhelmed and in denial that mind-control can be happening.\n\n\n\nThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture - Genetic engineering is a way in which specific genes for an animal or plant can be extracted, and reproduced to form a new animal or plant. A Brave New World and Gattaca - Anti-humanity; people aren’t even people.\n\nCould you possibly visualize that type of world. A world where people are invented and controlled. A comprehensive, coeducational Catholic High school Diocese of Wollongong - Albion Park Act Justly, love tenderly and walk humbly with your God Micah\n\nThesis statement about animal cloning\nRated 3/5 based on 45 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9688706994056702}
+{"content": "Teams Methodology\n\nCandidates enter their personal particulars themselves into the system by using the \"Kiosk\" or online application module, thereby saving much of the staff's time. Candidates can also take an optional online entrance test (e-test) to check their competence level in certain subjects. The Institute's Student Affairs Officer, using the \"Staff\" Module, shall retrieve candidates' information from the \"Kiosk\" module for registration purposes. Based on the courses requested by the candidates and the acceptance of the school management, courses, classes, course subjects and fee schemes are then assigned to the candidates. By using the Events and Scheduling module, the teacher would then allocate the timetable (which includes the classroom, period, date and time, teacher-in-charge, combination of classes attending the same subject and the subject itself) to the student. The Institute collects the down payment based on the fee scheme assigned by using the \"payment\" module. Receipts, Student Cards and Time-tables are printed out online. Using the \"Attendance\" module, the teacher can mark the attendance with the click of the mouse. Alternatively, this can also be automated by using the contact-less cards and integrated reader installed at every classrooms.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.830367922782898}
+{"content": "Skip to main content\nIndiana University Bloomington\n\nKorean Language Program\nCollege of Arts and Sciences East Asian Languages and Cultures\n\nKorean Studies at IU\n\n\nRoger Janelli [Retired] Korean folklore and society; modern Korean business culture\n\nMichael Robinson (Retired) Modern Korea; the colonial period; popular culture\n\nSeung-Kyung Kim Korea Foundation Endowed Chair/Director of Institute for Korean Studies; Gender and society in contemporary Korea.\n\nHyo Sang Lee Functional approach to syntax and morphology, typology, semantics/pragmatics, discourse/conversation analysis; comparative study of East Asian languages; language pedagogy\n\nSusan Hwang Modern Korean literature and cultural studies\n\nJohn Finch Lecturer/Associate Director of Institute for Korean Studies; Family, migration and education; gender, culture and cinema; globalization and inequality; and household and community ethnography\n\nJiyoung Kim Lecturer; Korean language\n\nWenling Liu (East Asian Librarian) East Asian bibliography, Chinese/Japanese/Korean database development\n\n\nKorean language courses\n\nCourses taught about Korea, in English\n\nE233 Survey of Korean Civilization An introduction to the major cultural, social, and political features of Korean society from its prehistorical past to contemporary times. Focuses on how Koreans blended Chinese civilization and, in the twentieth century, institutions from the West and Japan, with indigenous traditions to produce a unique civilization.\n\nE305 Korean Language and Culture A survey of cultural, conceptual, and philosophical patterns and the structure of Korean society, as reflected by the Korean language.\n\nF305 Korean Folklore Forms and functions of folklore in the traditional and developing societies of Korea. Folklore as a reflection of culture. Relationship between folklore forms and belief systems.\n\nG372 Modern Korea Early Modern, Colonial, and Era of Division periods of Korean history, focusing on transformation of politics, economy, education, religion, and though, as the nation splits into two states as a result of internal ideological division and the Cold War.\n\nE342 Modern Korean History Modern Korean history 1876-2010. Major themes: Korea's inclusion in world system, intrusion of capitalism and transformation from agrarian to industrialized/consumer society. Course will explore modern systems (colonialism/neocolonialism, capitalism, social revolution/socialist economic experiments, Cold War, and globalization) through the study of Korean history. \n\nEALC-E 356 Understanding Two Koreas: Politics, Society, and U. S. Policy Exploration of the patterns and complexities of the relationship between two Koreas and the U.S., with a focus on the division of Korea, domestic politics of two Koreas, the changes and continuities of U. S. policies toward the Korean Peninsula, and post-Cold War developments including the North Korean nuclear crisis.\n\nK421/520 Introduction to Korean Linguistics, Survey of the linguistic structure of Korean language including word order, basic sentence structure, semantics, pragmatics of noun particles, clause connectors, sentence-final modal suffixes, the temporal system, causatives and passives, conversational styles, speech styles and honorifics. Focuses more on comparative and function-oriented perspectives rather than on formal structures. \n\n\nE100 East Asia: An Introduction Basic introduction to China, Japan, and Korea. Intended to help students understand the unique character of each of these three cultures within the general framework of East Asian civilization, comprehend the historical importance of the three countries, and appreciate the crucial role they play in the world today.\nE101 The World and East Asia Exploration of cultural interaction between the West and East Asia. Depending on the instructor, focus may be on the Asian-American experience, literary or media images of Western and Eastern cultures, Americans who have influenced Asia, or other aspects of cultural exchange.\n\nE251 Traditional East Asian Civilizations A chronological and comparative survey of the traditional civilizations of East Asia through lectures and readings of source materials (in translation) in literature, history, philosophy, and the arts, with emphasis on the interrelationship among the cultures of East Asia from ancient times to the early modern era.\n\nE252 Modern East Asian Civilization Contrasting patterns of indigenous change and response to Western imperialism in East Asia during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. China and Japan receive primary consideration; Korea and Vietnam, secondary. Emphasis on the rise of nationalism and other movements directed toward revolutionary change.\n\nE256 Land and Society in East Asia Lands and societies of East Asia, principally China and Japan. Environmental conditions, human use and misuse of the environment, urbanization and its relationship with the building of modern institutions, and future prospects.\n\nEALC-E 300 Studies in East Asian Literature  Selected issues and problems of importance to the understanding of East Asian literature, film or linguistics.\n\nE384 East Asian Nationalism and Cultural Identity Exploration of the impact of the metaphor of nation and Western nationalism theory on Western literature dealing with modern East Asia. Emphasis on how Western notions of political identify shape and, sometimes, obscure our understanding of East Asian cultural and political identity.\n\nE385 Asian Americans: Cultural Conflict and Identity An examination of the historical, cultural, and racial dynamics underpinning the evolution of contemporary Asian American identity. Students learn not only about cultural theory and also how cultural identities are constructed within AmericaÕs multi-ethnic/cultural society, but also about themselves.TAUGHT IN ENGLISH, AND CROSSLISTED IN EALC", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.996171236038208}
+{"content": "Thailand: Blissful City\n\nThis short film—which was part of a worldwide film challenge to promote lesser-known destinations and sights in Thailand—presents the province of Buriram from the vantage point of a moving train and Prasat Phanom Rung, a temple on the rim of an extinct volcano.\n\nEverything about Thailand inspires filmmaker Jiajie Yu Yan. In fact, during the shooting of “Thailand: Blissful City,” he and his team ran into problems simply because everywhere they turned was another stunning landmark or natural wonder to pick and choose from. And with only five days to shoot, there was simply not enough time to be lost in the beauty of the world around them. But you can, by watching “Thailand: Blissful City.”\n\nPrasat Phanom Rung in the early morning light ingite your desire to travel? Don't forget to add the temple to your profile.\n\nEmbed Code", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9692264795303345}
+{"content": "Instability & Complexity\n\nThere sometimes exists an intuitive or cognitive disconnect between the idea that Earth surface systems (ESS) may exhibit divergent evolution associated with dynamical instability and deterministic chaos; and the fact that ESS sometimes evolve so as to increase their complexity and interconnectedness.  Despite the initial apparent inconsistency, these two phenomena can and do happen simultaneously within the same ESS.\n\nInstability/divergence and evolution of increasing complexity are readily reconciled when you realize that instability and chaos are scale-contingent, so that divergence and pseudo-randomness occur within firm limits. Also, these phenomena in effects expand the options an ESS has for its development, thus creating more room for evolution of complexity.\n\nThe ecologist Robert Ulanowicz developed the notion of ascendancy as a measure of the complexity and interconnectedness of a system. Ascendancy is influenced by the quantity of matter and energy throughputs, and the network of mass/energy exhanges between system components. Almost 10 years ago (!) I used the notions of ascendancy and Kolmogorov entropy to show how dynamical instability and chaos can increase ascendancy.\n\nLandscape Evolution Energy\n\nGeoscientists modeling landscape evolution overwhelmingly (not exclusively, but indeed overwhelmingly) emphasize geophysical aspects, mainly tectonic uplift and erosion. Erosion is typically modeled based on some form of the stream power law, where erosion rates are a power-law function of stream discharge and slope. Discharge is itself often assumed to be a function of drainage area.  There’s nothing wrong with studying the interactions of uplift and denudation without paying much heed to climate, biota, and other factors; I’ve dabbled in this myself.\n\nContingent Ecosystem Engineering\n\nMore shameless self-promotion: The online first version of my new article in Progress in Physical Geography is now available: Biogeomorphology and Contingent Ecosystem Engineering in Karst Landscapes. It is not uncommon to acknowledge anonymous reviewers in an article, and I do so here, but it does not do justice to the breadth, depth, and insight of comments I received on an earlier version from three reviewers (which ran to 14 pages!). Whatever the flaws of the final product, it is a heck of a lot better as a consequence of their efforts. Thanks, whoever you are!\n\n\nThe Top 10 Forms of Complexity in Earth Surface Systems\n\nWhen we (scientists) talk and write about complexity in recent years, the focus is on complex nonlinear dynamics, and related phenomena such as deterministic chaos, dynamical instability, some forms of self-organization, fractal geometry, etc.  These are forms or sources of complexity that are intrinsic to the structure of dynamical systems, but these are hardly the only things that make systems complex. So, to make sure we don’t forget the elements of complexity that transcend so-called “complexity science,” I present the Top 10 Forms of Complexity in Earth Surface Systems (ESS). ESS is a blanket term that includes geomorphic systems, landscapes, ecosystems, soil systems, etc.  Even though the items are numbered, they are actually in no particular order. Many ESS may exhibit only a few of these forms, and still be quite complex!\n\nThe list I was gonna do has already been done ( \n\nForms of Complexity in Earth Surface Systems\n\nReducing Reductionism\n\nIn many of my writings I advocate an alternative to reductionist approaches to science. By alternative, I mean a complementary, different way of doing things, not a replacement for reductionism. Many excellent reviews of scientific approaches, viewpoints, and methodological stances exist by historians, philosophers and sociologists of science, and by scientists themselves. I do not intend to review or critique these various approaches here. Further, I have no intent to deny the value or necessity of reductionist science. The crux of my argument is that a reductionist approach, by itself, is inadequate or incomplete for understanding Earth.\n\nThe American Heritage Dictionary defines reductionism as an attempt or tendency to explain a complex set of facts, entities, phenomena, or structures by another, simpler set, and provides a quote from John Holland:\n\n\nThe Principle of Gradient Selection\n\nFlows of mass and energy occur along the steepest gradients of potentials or concentrations.  The principle of gradient selection is simply that features associated with these gradients persist and grow. Take, for instance, the redistribution of excess (i.e., more than the ground can absorb or retain) surface water. Hydraulic selection principles favor the most efficient paths, which we can generally interpret as the fastest pathways. Thus the steepest slopes and/or the routes with the lowest resistance to flow attract more water. The most efficient paths persist and prevail; less efficient options dry up.  For example:\n\nStandard flow resistance equations are of the general form\n\nV = f(RaSbf-c)\n\nwhere R is hydraulic radius (cross-sectional area divided by wetted perimeter; typically roughly equal to mean depth), S is slope (hydraulic gradient), and f is a roughness or frictional resistance factor. The exponents a, b, c < 1. For example, the D’Arcy Weisbach equation is\n\nV = 8g R0.5 S0.5 f-0.5\n\nThreshold Modulation vs. Steady-State\n\nThreshold modulation\n\nUpper and lower limits\n\nIn terms of mass balances or budgets, geomorphic systems have three fundamental states, whereby losses or removals are either greater than, less than, or roughly equal to inputs or gains (i.e., steady-state). Thus a regolith cover, for instance, is either thinning, thickening, or maintaining steady-state relative to the rates of mass losses and inputs, and weathering and regolith formation.\n\nThe principle of threshold-mediated modulation holds that thresholds limit development on both ends (negative or positive mass balance), and that exceeding the thresholds may initiate development in the opposite direction. For instance, vertical accretion on alluvial floodplains is limited by an elevation at which regular flooding no longer occurs, thus limiting further accretion. In addition, confinement of flows within the channel may increase stream power and shear stress, thus ultimately resulting in stripping of the alluvium.\n\nThe Balance of Nature, and the Nature of Balance\n\n\n\nTalking Climate\n\n\n\n\nSubscribe to RSS - geography\nEnter your linkblue username.\nEnter your linkblue password.\nSecure Login\n\nThis login is SSL protected", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8059012293815613}
+{"content": "Improve this talk\n\nAll our aggregates are wrong header image\n\nAll our aggregates are wrong\n\nIt always starts well. At first glance the requirements seem straightforward, and implementation proceeds without hiccups. Then the requirements start to get more complex, and you find yourself in a predicament, introducing technical shortcuts that smell for the sake of delivering the new feature on schedule. In this talk, we'll analyze what appears to be a straightforward e-commerce shopping cart. We'll then go ahead and add a few more use-cases that make it more complex and see how it can negatively impact the overall design. Finally, we'll focus our attention to the business needs of these requirements and see how it can shed light on the correct approach to designing the feature. Walk away with a new understanding on how to take requirements apart to build the right software.\n\nAvailable in: Italiano | English", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9777969121932983}
+{"content": "Russ Lopez, DSc, MCRP, Research Assistant Professor\n\nBoston University School of Public Health\nDepartment of Environmental Health\nCourse Title:\nThe Built Environment: Design Solutions for Public Health\nRuss Lopez, DSc, MCRP, Research Assistant Professor\nGreg Howard, DSc Candidate, MPH, MS\nPrerequisites: EH807 Urban Environmental Health\nConsent of instructor\nMeeting dates: Wednesday 6:00 – 8:45\nSeptember 6 – December 20\nCourse goals:\nThis course will provide an overview of urban planning to public health students and introduce\nExplain the rationale behind historical and current theories on the relationship between\nthe built environment and public health\netc., that reflect past efforts to influence health.\nCritique historic patterns of development and assess the health consequences of\ncontemporary urban forms.\nEvaluate the evidence for the built environment–health link.\nUnderstand how the built environment might influence other efforts to protect and\npromote health.\nUtilize studies and methodologies developed by sociologists, anthropologists, urban\nDevelop and implement new programs and policies that utilize built environment and\ndesign to promote public health.\nCourse Rationale\nThis course provides students with an understanding of how the built environment impacts\npublic health and the critical tools to evaluate specific design features. The modern urban\nplanning and public health disciplines both had their beginnings over 100 years ago as reformers\nsought to address the problems associated with rapid urbanization, industrialization and\nimmigration. Together, these reformers helped implement a wide variety of policies and\nprograms including urban parks, water works and sewerage, zoning, and building codes. By the\nmid 20th century, however, advances in medicine, the emphasis on individual responsibility for\ndisease and the professionalization of both disciplines resulted in a divergence of public health\nfrom planning. But at the end of the century, the persistence of risky health behaviors and the\nincrease in obesity rates, particularly in the United States, prompted renewed attention to the link\nbetween built environment and health. The result has been a recent increase in connections\nbetween planning and public health. For example, the American Public Health Association now\nincludes a Built Environment Institute at its annual meeting, and the American Planning\nAssociation holds training sessions on public health.\nThis course places students at the intersection of this newly growing field. At the end of this\nclass, students will be able to “read” the built environment, i.e., to identify elements whose\ndesign roots are based on solving specific health issues. These solutions have dramatically\nimpacted the built environment and underpin the ways in which buildings, neighborhoods and\ncities are built today. As our understanding of public health has evolved over the past century,\nand as the unintended public health consequences of previous design solutions have become\nrecognized, attempts to address public health through design have also evolved rapidly, and in\nways which affect us every day. This course gives students a framework for evaluating historic,\ncurrent and future design programs and policies. This framework is based on past\nepidemiologic, anthropological and economic studies of the built environment. Throughout this\ncourse, key studies are presented and the quality of the evidence is discussed.\nCourse Overview\nThe first three class sessions provide a background on the history of public health and the built\nenvironment, stressing public policy decisions that have resulted in current patterns of\ndevelopment. While these development patterns are now seen to be at least partly problematic,\nthey were implemented as reasoned responses to the environmental health problems of their\ntime. Next, a series of classes present the ways in which the built environment–health\nconnection has been hypothesized and studied, and how these studies result in design\nrequirements. They highlight the varying methods used by different disciplines to study the built\nenvironment. The next six classes are devoted to specific issues and solutions. In each session,\nthe evidence for the particular set of problems being addressed is assessed and the proposed\nsolutions are evaluated in light of what is our current understanding of how the built environment\naffects health. Finally, at the last class session, students will briefly (10 minutes) present the\nfindings of their final projects to the entire class.\nThe course will use a reader and a book:\nHoward Frumkin, Lawrence Frank and Richard Jackson. Island Press. 2004\nThe course is organized into four sections:\nIntroductory and Historical Class Sessions\nSession 1:\nIntroduction: Course overview and themes (Lopez and Howard)\nTrends and forces: An overview of how and why cities grow and change\nSession 2:\nHistory of planning and public health to 1900 (Lopez)\nTrends and forces: Economics, commerce, and trade\nSession 3:\nHistory of planning and public health since 1900 (Howard)\nTrends and forces: Globalization and urbanism\nMethods Sessions\nSession 4:\nDefining and measuring the built environment: The case of urban sprawl (Lopez)\nTrends and forces: The role of technology (Howard)\nSession 5:\nHealth studies of the built environment (Howard)\nTrends and forces: Demographics (Lopez)\nSession 6:\nSociological and anthropological evaluations (Howard)\nTrends and forces: Political and social change\nSession 7:\nPlanning, design and architectural studies (Lopez)\nTrends and forces: Summation – the role of the built environment in the context of\nevolving cities\nSession 8:\nSustainability and measures of environmental impacts (Howard)\nIssues, programs and solutions:\nSession 9:\nSession 10:\nSession 11:\nSession 12:\nSession 13:\nSession 14:\nZoning and government regulation of land use (Lopez)\nAlternatives to automobile-dependent design (Howard)\nPublic health promotions (Lopez)\nUrban renewal, revitalization and housing the poor (Lopez)\nChina, Latin America and the new urban frontier (Howard)\nCreating and preserving open space (Lopez)\nPresentations of class projects\nSession 15: Final Paper Presentations\nTeaching method\nThe course will consist of lectures and class discussions. Students are encouraged to draw on\ntheir own experiences—the neighborhoods they grew up in, the houses they live in now, how\nthey access school and employment—and contribute these examples to class discussions. Our\ngoal is to encourage students not to take the contemporary built environment as immutable or\npurposeless, but instead be able to identify elements that reflect past concerns for health and\nassess current programs and policies in light of new understanding of the built environment –\nhealth connection.\nCourse Requirements\nThe written coursework will consist of one case study and a final paper.\nCase Study Analysis: Boston Redevelopment Authority South End Urban Renewal Project.\nThe South End Renewal Project was a 20-year effort to transform the neighborhood from a poor\nworking class community of substandard rooming houses and tenements into condos and market\nrate apartments. Using tax credits, loan subsidies and grants along with public works\ninvestments, the plan is responsible for how the community surrounding BUSPH looks today.\nThis project represented a dramatic new change in how neighborhoods were to be revitalized. In\nprevious projects, the process had been to bulldoze everything (such as in Boston’s old West\nEnd) and replace buildings with either high rises surrounded by parks (Boston’s Charles River\nPark) or by suburban style apartments (Roxbury’s Washington Park). The South End plan was\ninformed by many of the concepts and concerns raised by the analyses discussed in this course.\nThe goal of the case study is to provide an opportunity for students to apply what they have\nlearned to this local historical project. Students will read the plan summary and answer the\nfollowing questions:\nHow did the South End built environment (circa 1950) reflect urban thinking of the mid19th century (when it was originally developed)?\nWhat elements of mid 20th century urban thinking were incorporated into the renewal\nKnowing what we know now, what are some of the drawbacks of the plan?\nWhat are some of the other trends that have affected the outcome of plan?\nGoing forward, how might the South End change in the next two decades?\nCase Study Analysis length: 8 – 10 pages. Due: Class Session 9.\nFinal Paper: The paper will be on a topic proposed by the student and approved by the course\ninstructors. Topics can be any relevant public policy, theory or specific case example related to\nthe built environment and public health. Papers should describe the policy, theory or case;\nidentify how it represents an attempt to manipulate the built environment; connect it to other\ntypes of interventions or activities; critique it from the standpoint of health and suggest possible\nmodifications that might strengthen it. Final paper length should be 20 pages, not including\nreferences. Representative paper titles include:\no Celebration, Florida: A health, equity and sustainability critique.\no Smart growth and affordable housing: Do growth controls hurt the poor?\no Mass transit vs. subsidies for automobile ownership: How to increase\ntransportation options for the urban poor.\nImportant paper deadlines are:\nClass 8: Paper topics due\nClass 11: Literature review due\nClass 15: Paper due; 10 minute presentation\nCase Study Analysis:\nFinal Paper:\n30% (8 – 10 page paper)\n70% (20 page paper)\n1. Introduction: Course Overview and Themes (Lopez and Howard)\nIn this session, we cover the role of the built environment in health. We begin with a review of\nhealth, which is more than the absence of disease, and explore the concepts of association and\ncausation, and the proximate and underlying factors affecting health. This overview stresses that\nthe built environment is just one factor among many affecting health. It lays a foundation for\nassessing and understanding the various strands of evidence linking the built environment to\nhealth. We describe the issues to be covered during the course and place these issues into the\ncontext of other forces affecting cities. We explain the differences and relationship between the\nhealth of cities, a complex of economic and social activity, and the health of individuals living in\ncities, whose health status reflects the influences of these activities on individual outcomes.\nTrends and forces: How and why cities grow and change (Lopez and Howard)\nThe last 45 minutes of each of the first seven class sessions will be focused on trends that affect\ncities and the health of urban residents. These trends and forces do not occur in isolation. On\nthe contrary they interact in synergistic and antagonistic ways. Some of the questions we will\nask include: Why do people move to cities? What are the social, economic and technological\nforces compelling the movement and the persistence of cities? At the same time, what forces are\npulling people and economic activity out of cities to the suburbs and beyond? How have\nchanging views of public health and theories of disease causation played a role in these\nmovements? Are cities inherently healthy or unhealthy?\n- Discuss the basic problems and advantages of cities\n- Articulate and describe the historical and current trends of urbanization in the US and\nin the world\n- Assess their own assumptions about cities and urban public health.\n- Frumkin H. 2003. Healthy places: Exploring the evidence. American Journal of\nPublic Health. 93(9):1451-6.\n- Galea S, Freudenberg N, Vlahov D. Cities and population health. Social Science and\nMedicine. 2005 60(5):1017-1033\n- Owen D. 2004. Green Manhattan. The New Yorker, 10/18/04.\n(Available online; not in reader.)\n2. History of planning and public health to 1900 (Lopez)\nFocusing on the United States, this class section outlines the joint beginnings of the urban\nplanning and public health professions as reformers sought to reduce the impacts of urbanization\nand industrialization. The results of the rapid growth of cities were large slums with\nsubstandard and dangerous housing, high levels of infectious diseases including tuberculosis, and\noverburdened roads and infrastructure. Public health advocates and social reformers found a\nconnection between living in tenements and neighborhoods near large factors and communicable\ndiseases such as tuberculosis and chronic diseases such as depression and disabilities. To\ncounter these problems, a number of initiatives were developed including the sanitarian\nmovement, the development of water treatment and sewerage, and the separation of land uses to\nprotect workers from industrial air pollution. The culminations of the 19th century reform\nmovement include the great urban park systems (New York City’s Central Park, Boston’s\nEmerald Necklace, etc.), new water supplies, and other important contributions to health and\nwelfare. Another lasting legacy is that cities continue to be seen to be unhealthy and dangerous\nplaces, leaving the United States with a deep bias toward suburban living.\nTrends and Forces: Economics (Lopez)\nCities are fundamentally economic creations. They began as trading, political, religious and\nadministrative centers made possible by the development of agriculture. They quickly became\ncenters of trade and cultural exchanges and were a marker of the development of civilization.\nAn archetype persisting until the beginning of the industrial revolution, they were characterized\nby high rates of disease, high population densities and mercantile based economies. The\nindustrial revolution and changes in economic production brought new needs for labor, heavy\nimmigration, continued problems with infectious disease and noxious chemical pollution into\ncities. People who could moved to the emerging suburban periphery. Finally, the past hundred\nyears have seen a peak and decline in manufacturing, the growth and plateauing of middle\nclasses, persistent poverty and consumer and information based economies that have created and\ndestroyed urban areas.\n- Describe the health and environmental characteristics of 19th century cities;\n- Connect these 19th century city characteristics to 21st century attitudes toward cities\nand urban residents, and explain how these attitudes continue to drive current social,\nhealth and environmental policies;\n- Identify contemporary built environment features in the Boston area and elsewhere\nwhich date back to attempts by planners and health officials to address 19th century\n- Articulate the health concerns being addressed by these development features, and\nevaluate the success of those attempts;\n- Understand the connections between urban planning and public health and use this\nunderstanding to critique policies and programs in both disciplines;\n- Assess the impact of economic trends and changes on urban areas and residents.\n- Garb M. 2003. Health, morality and housing: the “tenement problem” in Chicago.\nAmerican Journal of Public Health. 93(9):1420-1430\n- Peterson J. 1979. The impact of sanitary reform upon American urban planning, 1840\n– 1990. Journal of Social History. 13(1):83-103\n- Hospers G, van Dalm R. 2005. How to create a creative city? The viewpoints of\nRichard Florida and Jane Jacobs. Foresight. 7(4):8-12\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 3. The Evolution of Urban Health\n3. History of planning and public health since 1900 (Howard)\nUS attitudes to the urban environment in the early twentieth century were informed by the\nsanitarian view of the city as physically (and morally) filthy; the automobile was therefore seen\nas an opportunity to move the population out of the overcrowded cities and into a clean and\nhealthy natural environment. This idea reached its logical limit in Le Corbusier’s Radiant City\nideal—but his impressionistic plans made little or no attempt to solve the congestion of a carcentered city, nor even to describe where these millions of cars would be stored. The results are\neverywhere, from suburban shopping malls to the Cathedral housing development near BUSPH.\nThe flight from the cities was given an added boost after World War II, as the US war economy\nretooled to build cars and suburbs, and was fueled by the construction of the interstate highway\nsystem, often bulldozed through poor minority communities. In addition to the traditional antiurban view, racial tensions and racist attitudes contributed to a rapid flight of the (mostly white)\nmiddle class from the urban areas and into the new suburbia. In this class we review the recent\ndevelopment of US urban form and the process of suburbanization\nTrends and Forces: Globalization (Howard)\nIn once sense the impact of globalization on cities is not new and cities from Rome to Detroit\nhave grown and declined as their ability to command global resources and markets changed. But\nnew technologies and abilities to quickly move capital and means of production across borders\nand oceans have accelerated the impacts of globalization. Some urban areas, such as London,\nMumbai and Shanghai, have gained from globalization. Others, such as St. Louis and\nBirmingham, England have lost economic power and population. We discuss the impact of\nglobalization on the health of cities and people and trends such as the movement of\nmanufacturing to low wage countries (what does this imply for environmental health and\nworkplace safety?), the development of global markets of consumer goods and the consolidation\nand centralization of financial and capital markets.\nObjectives: At the end of this session students will be able to:\n- Place the suburbanization of the United States into its historical context of planning\ntheory, the rise of the automobile, economic development, and racial and social\n- Use contemporary urban environmental characteristics to illustrate past efforts to\nimprove social outcomes;\n- Explain the impact of major schools of architectural theory on US urban development;\n- Describe the impact of public policies on the health of marginalized populations;\n- Critique past efforts to incorporate health into planning and development;\n- Discuss the mixed impact of globalization on various population subgroups;\n- Describe the pathways between globalization, income inequality and heath.\n- Vlahov D, Gibble E, Freudenberg N, Galea S. Cities and health: history, approaches,\nkey questions. Academic Medicine 2004. 79(12):1133-1138\n- Northridge ME, Sclar ED, Biswas P. 2003. Sorting out the connections between the\nbuilt environment and health: a conceptual framework for navigating pathways and\nplanning healthy cities. J Urban Health. 80(4):556-68.\n- Russell R. 2003. Fifty years of homelessness: An analysis of federal housing policy.\nThe New Social Worker. 10(2):13-17\n- Harris N. 1995. Bombay in a global economy: structural adjustments and the role of\ncities. Cities 13(3):175-184\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 2. The Origins of Sprawl\nDefining and measuring the built environment: The case of urban sprawl. (Lopez)\nA recurring issue in exploring the relationship between the built environment and health is the\nproblem of definition and measurement. While most people have a mental image of many facets\nof the built environment, varying and imprecise definitions can have important impacts on\nproposed causal paths and outcomes. This class explores the varying ways one feature of\ncontemporary urban environments has been defined and measured, urban sprawl. Sprawl is often\ndefined as a pattern of urban development that includes low density, decentralization and\nautomobile dependence. But sometimes these features are in conflict. For example, employment\ncentralized in downtowns is often considered to be the opposite of sprawl. At the same time,\nmixed use development, allowing commercial and office space in and near residential areas is\nalso seen as anti-sprawl. But this mixed use development can pull jobs out of the downtown\ncore, resulting in a weaker center city. Not every sprawl measure addresses this contradiction.\nThe inconsistencies of these definitions can be seen when they are applied to US metropolitan\nareas. While most measures agree that New York City has little sprawl and Atlanta is highly\nsprawled, some metropolitan areas, particularly dense but decentralized cities, perform quite\ndifferently on various measures. Some metropolitan areas end up having sprawl values very\ndifferent from what most people would consider them to be. For example, almost every measure\nof sprawl shows Los Angeles to be less sprawled than Boston, despite Boston’s strong central\ncore and Los Angeles’s lack of a well developed center. This class explores the impact of\ndefinition and measurement.\nTrends and Forces: Technology (Howard)\nTechnology has always affected cities. At the beginning of the 20th century, some observers\nthought that the telephone was going to render cities obsolete as face to face communication\nunnecessary. Even the internet has had a mixed impact on urbanization, allowing people to work\nanywhere but also allowing jobs to cluster in Indian cities and manufacturers to change product\nlines in an instant in China. Certain US cities such as Austin and San Jose have grown because\nof the internet; others have seen their economic decline hastened. The concept of technology\nneeds to be broadly understood and it includes improvements in transportation (cars, planes and\ntrains) as well as mass communication and the internet. These changes can directly and\nindirectly affect health in complex ways: for example, telecommuting might improve health by\nallowing medical experts to consult with each other across large distances, or it might worsen\nhealth, increasing screen time decreasing physical activity.\n- Understand the differences between description and measurement;\n- Analyze the effects of measurement error on health research outcomes in built\nenvironment research;\n- Critique measures of sprawl for consistency and accuracy;\n- Apply the lessons of sprawl measurement to other issues in built environment health;\n- Describe and explain the urbanization to smaller family size to health pathway.\n- Project current technological trends and use these projections to identify potential\nfuture health issues;\n- Describe the impact of technological trends on the growth and health of urban areas.\n- Wolman H, Galster G, Hanson R, Ratcliffe M, Furdell K, Serzynski A. 2005. The\nfundamental challenge in measuring sprawl: Which land should be considered? The\nProfessional Geographer, 57(4):94-102\n- Lopez R, Hynes HP. 2003. Sprawl in the 1990s: Measurement, distribution and\ntrends. Urban Affairs Review. 38(3):325-355.\n- Townsend A. 2001. The internet and the rise of the new network city 1969 – 1999.\nEnvironment and Planning B. Planning and Design. 28(1):39-58.\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 1. What is Sprawl? What Does it have to\nDo with Health?\nHealth studies of the built environment (Howard)\nThere are several ways that the built environment – health connection have been explored.\nGenerally, many early efforts were case studies, more recently these have been supplement by\necologic studies, cross sectional studies and small area surveys. Each of these methodologies has\nstrengths and weaknesses. For example, large national annual surveys allow for the\nidentification of small (but significant at a population level) changes in risk, but they are\nproblematic because they are cross sectional – they do not allow for controlling for past\nexposures or movement to new areas. For a number of reasons, it is unlikely that there will ever\nbe a great deal of literature based on blinded interventions. But collectively, health studies have\nbegun to influence public policy. This class examines several of the most important built\nenvironment health studies. We will be looking at how and why these studies control for other\ninfluences on health such as age, education, income, sex and tobacco use, and class discussion\nwill be used to illuminate how other factors influence health.\nTrends and Forces: Demography (Lopez)\nMovement of cities has often been associated with increased educational opportunities\n(particularly for women), smaller family sizes and changes in workforce participation. All of\nthese trends impact health. One of the most problematic issues has been the persistence of the\nimpact of race and income on health outcomes. Another important demographic and economic\nfactor is the continued clustering of creativity and innovation in urban areas and the people who\nparticipate in these processes. Finally we explore changes in preference for urban and non-urban\nlifestyles and how these influence urban change.\nIdentify the main studies that have driven the built environment health literature;\nCritique the studies using an epidemiologic and statistical framework;\nAssess the quality of the evidence linking the built environment and health;\nPropose future research that might address the gaps in understanding.\n- Frank L, Anderson M, Schmid T. 2004. Obesity relationships with community\nMedicine. 27(7):87-96\n- Merlo J, Chaix B, Yang M, Lynch J, Rastam L. 2005 A brief conceptual tutorial on\nmultilevel analysis in social epidemiology: interpreting neighborhood differences and\nthe effect of neighborhood characteristics on individual health. Journal of\nEpidemiology and Community Health. 59(12): 1022-1028\n- Stuaffer D. 2003. Market diaspora: demographic and economic forces are aligning to\ncreate diverse micromarkets for housing. Urban Land 62(1):55-58\n- Chen X. 1996. The demographic profiles of the world’s largest cities: a baseline\nanalysis and policy implications. Cities. 13(3):165-174\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 5. Physical Activity, Sprawl, and Health\nSociological and anthropological evaluations (Howard)\nUrban planning and architecture have leaned heavily on contributions from sociologists and\nanthropologists to understand how the built environment affects health. While some of this\nresearch uses environmental health methodologies, it has primarily (but not exclusively) utilized\necologic methods, case studies or ethnographic studies. This research has been of varying rigor\nand while it is central to understanding the impact of the built environment on health, some of\nthese studies use concepts that are not familiar to public health or planning professionals. This\nsession provides an introduction to urban sociology and anthropology. It explores how the\nfindings of these researchers have been incorporated into our understanding of how the built\nenvironment affects health.\nTrends and Forces: Politics and social change (Howard)\nCities have always had important political dimensions. From the development of empires in\nancient times to revolutions in more recent eras, the political power of urban areas and residents\nhas shaped cities. In the US, the rise of political machines was essential for mitigating the\nimpacts of immigration and industrialization. The joining of urban ethnics as part of the mid20th century Democratic coalition saw the implementation of social, health and environmental\nprograms, laws and policies. The splintering of this coalition has seen a decline in these\nprotections. Anther factor affecting the health of cities has been the movement of people away\nfrom inner-cities to suburbs and the South. This has resulted in a shift in political power away\nfrom inner cities and a further decline in the ability to access public monies for infrastructure and\nprograms. Many developing countries have had great amount of centralization of population,\neconomic development and political power into their capital city while other centers have\ndeclined. We will discuss how political power and centralization can alter urban form.\nAt the end of session, students will be able to:\n- Critique urban anthropology and sociology using public health epidemiology\n- Understand how these disciplines have affected architecture and planning theory;\n- Identify gaps in the literature and propose new studies to explore these gaps;\n- Integrate sociological/anthropological studies with epidemiological/public health\n- Describe the relationship between urban growth and political power and identify key\nhealth and environmental achievements of mid-20th century urban voter coalitions.\n- Identify how the loss of political capital has affected health and environmental\n- Attree P. 2004. Growing up in disadvantage: a systematic review of the qualitative\nevidence. Child Care and Health Development. 30(6):679-689\n- Factor J. 2004. Tree stumps, manhole covers and rubbish tins: The invisible playlines of a primary school playground. Childhood. 11(2):142-154\n- DiGaetano A and Lawless P. 1999. Urban Governance and Industrial Decline:\nDetroit, Michigan, 1980-1997. Urban Affairs Review, 34 (4) 546-577.\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 9. Social Capital, Sprawl and Health\nPlanning, design and architectural studies. (Lopez)\nThe interaction of health and the environment has been studied by urban planners, designers and\narchitects. They share a belief with public health advocates that humanity can be improved\nthrough programs and education as well as built environment improvements. While some of the\ntools of economics, epidemiology and sociology have been adopted and used by planners and\narchitects, the case study has been the primary mechanism used by planners and architects to\nstudy the built environment.\nTrends and forces: Summation – the role of the built environment in the context of evolving\ncities (Lopez)\nThe trends and forces outlined in the past weeks do not take place in isolation. They directly\nimpact the economic life and health of cities and sometimes result in improvements in public\nhealth and at other times negatively affect the health of cities and their residents. In this complex\nof effects we attempt to measure and assess the impacts of the built environment. While the field\nhas seen its share of utopian visionaries, it is important to remember that the built environment is\nonly one factor affecting health. Built environment interventions can only be implemented in the\ncontext of other urban trends and their effectiveness will rely on understanding and\naccommodating these other issues.\n- Describe the role of case studies in urban planning and architecture research;\n- Critique the impact of theory on the built environment and identify how 20th century\ndesign ideas have affected health;\n- Evaluate the impacts of planning and architectural policies on special populations;\n- Identify barriers to improving the built environment.\n- Assess the range of potential impacts that built environment interventions can\nreasonably be expected to have;\n- Predict some of the trends (within reason) that may affect cities over the immediate\n- Livingston K. 2000. When architecture disables: teaching undergraduates to\nperceive ableism in the built environment. Teaching Sociology. 28(3):182-191.\n- Colantonio A, Potter R. 2005. City profile: Havana. Cities. 23(1):63-78.\n- Gruen N, Gruen C. 2002. The year 2020: How can we best benefit from the forces of\nthe new economy, globalization and immigration? Urban Land. 61(2):18-21\n- Corburn J. 2004. Confronting the Challenges in Reconnecting Urban Planning and\nPublic Health. Am J Public Health 94(4):541-546\nSustainability critiques of the built environment (Howard)\nSustainability refers to the degree to which a program, policy, or society can continue to exist\nover a long time period without significant negative impacts on individuals, societies or\necosystems. Sustainability is closely related to equity, particularly generational equity, the idea\nthat lifestyles today should not negatively impact future generations. Critiques in this class\ninclude several perspectives. Economic sustainability: Will a project or program be affordable\nnow and in the future? Environmental sustainability: What is the effect of a policy or program\non the environment and on natural resources? Temporal sustainability: what are the effects\ntoday, and in the future? In this session, we discuss metrics by which sustainability might be\nmeasured and by which specific programs may be evaluated. This class will use the framework\ndeveloped by Agyeman and others to evaluate and promote sustainability. We will apply this\nframework to the proposed IKEA development in Somerville MA.\n- Describe the connections between urban and suburban development and air and water\npollution, and the primary public health problems with this pollution\n- Analyze different development regimes for their impact on land, energy, agriculture,\nbiodiversity, and other resources;\n- Propose alternatives to existing developments to improve their sustainability;\n- Describe metrics by which we might measure the effects of a development project on\n- McMichael AJ. 2000. The urban environment and health in a world of increasing\nglobalization: issues for developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health\nOrganization 78(9): 1117-1126.\n- Barredo J, Demichell L. 2003. Urban sustainability in developing countries’\nmegacities: modeling and predicting future urban growth in Lagos. Cities.\n9. Zoning and government regulation of land use (Lopez)\nNew York City’s tenement laws marked the beginning of the effort to link the built environment\nto improvement of health. In the case Euclid v. Ambler (1926) the US Supreme Court upheld the\nright of cities to use zoning because of government’s role to protect health, and health continues\nto be legal underpinning of zoning and land use regulation. Classic zoning codes separate\nhousing from retail, office and industrial uses, promote large single family residences and no\nlonger reflect current knowledge and realities about the health impacts of the built environment.\nDeveloped to solve 19th century problems, classic zoning is now seen to be responsible for many\nof the negative health impacts of the 21st century built environment. To create better, healthier,\nand more aesthetic communities, planners and architects have promoted a set of new policies and\ndesign principles that allow for a mixture of land uses, more flexible siting of buildings and\nhigher densities. Known as Smart Growth and New Urbanism, these policies are increasingly\nbeing adopted by communities across the country. This class will include examples of New\nUrbanist developments along with a critique of how effective they have been in promoting\nhealth, equity and sustainability. Fundamental issues that will be addressed here are the\nproblems of cost and time. It is very expensive to modify existing built environments and new\nprojects on urban peripheries may create as much sprawl as they reduce. Capital projects can\nhave decades long planning times and conditions may change between initiation and\nimplementation (see Boston’s Big Dig). These issues must be addressed in order to change the\noverall impact of the built environment.\nObjectives: At the end of this session, students will be able to:\n- Identify how zoning and building codes were designed to protect health, but how they\nmay also contribute to health problems;\n- Describe and critique some of the key attributes of New Urbanism and Smart Growth,;\n- Understand how architects and planners have responded to the perceived problems\nwith traditional zoning. Assess the potential of newer proposals for application in\ndifferent communities;\n- Critique proposals to modify the built environment from a capital and temporal\n- Assess New Urbanist and smart growth developments using traditional\nzoning/development frameworks of analysis.\n- Geller A. 2003. Smart growth: a prescription for livable cities. American Journal of\nPublic Health. 93(9):1410-1415.\n- Malizia E. 2005. City and regional planning: a primer for public health officials.\nAmerican Journal of Health Promotion 19(5):Supplement 1-13.\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 11. From Urban Sprawl to Health for All\nCase Study Analysis due. There will be a 15 minute discussion of the Case Study Analysis.\nAlternatives to automobile-dependent design (Howard)\nVirtually all development in the United States since World War II has been heavily automobile\ndependent, and thus both highly resource intensive and, we argue, antagonistic to public health\ngoals. An important consideration is that not everyone can drive. The elderly, people with\ndisabilities and the young may not be able to drive, others may not be able to afford a car. Most\nalternatives to car-oriented development center on relatively dense urban areas in which\ntransportation can be more efficient, and often, human powered. In this class we will discuss\nspecific design solutions intended to improve public health, environmental impacts, and energy\nuse. These include communities built to favor the pedestrian and bicyclist, as well as transit14\noriented development. Some specific local design features (traffic calming devices; pedestrian\nand bike amenities) will be discussed. What are the specific goals of these interventions? How\ndo they hope to realize these goals? How effective are various design elements in promoting\nphysical activity? The passage by Congress of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency\nAct of 1991, and its subsequent reenactments, created new funding and political channels by\nwhich these types of development might be realized; we will give an overview and discuss some\n- Describe the essential components, economic and environmental advantages, and\npublic health impacts of walkable and bikeable communities;\n- Assess the health impacts of transit-oriented developments;\n- Describe the impact of ISTEA (and other funding sources) on urban and suburban\ndevelopment. Propose new projects fundable under ISTEA which might promote\n- Propose specific health-promoting design changes to local communities.\n- Pucher J and Dijkstra L. 2003. Promoting safe walking and cycling to improve public\nHealth 93(9): 1509-1516.\n- Mohl R. 2004. Stop the Road: Freeway revolts in American cities. Journal of Urban\nHistory. 30(5):674-706\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 6. Injuries and Deaths from Traffic\nPublic health promotions (Lopez)\nGiven the increasing evidence linking the built environment and health, the public health\ncommunity has begun to develop programs to address the health impacts of suburban living.\nMany of these interventions have been more focused on individuals or groups than on the root\ncauses in the environment. In addition, the programs are so new that they are yet to be\nevaluated. However, it is clear that working to mitigate the impacts of the built environment is\nan important policy response. This class includes presentations on the Boston’s STEPS program\nand efforts to promote a return to walking to school. (National surveys indicate that in 1970,\napproximately 70% of children walked to school, by 2001 only 30% of children walked). These\nare public policy solutions to the problems posed by the built environment and we will look at\nefforts to determine their effectiveness. We will also examine the barriers to using the built\nenvironment to promote health. These include high capital and maintenance costs, long lead\ntimes for planning and implementation, community resistance, inertia, and other factors.\nPaper Literature Review Due\nDescribe the current types of interventions used to increase physical activity.\nCritique these interventions from the standpoint of feasibility and barriers to change;\nPlace these interventions into the context of public health practice;\nPropose alternative programs to more specifically address the built environment’s\nimpact on physical activity.\n- Boarnet M., Anderson C., Day K., McMillan T., Alfonzo M. Evaluation of the\nCalifornia Safe Route school legislation: urban form changes and children’s active\ntransportation to school. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005. 28 (2\nSupplement 2):134-140.\n- Sallis J., Linton, Kraft M. The first Active Living Research Conference: growth of a\ntransdisiplinary field. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2005. 28 (2\nSupplement 2):93-95\n- CDC. 2005. Barriers to children walking to or from school – United States 2004.\nMMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports. 54(38):949-952.\n(Available online; not in reader.)\n- WalkBoston. Safe routes to school.\n(Available online; not in reader.)\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 10. Health Concerns of Special\nUrban renewal, revitalization and housing the poor (Lopez)\nUrban renewal had a tremendous impact on US cities, destroying hundreds of neighborhoods and\ndisplacing millions of people. These negative effects, along with a shift in government priorities,\nhave resulted in new programs designed to revitalize inner cities. These projects include large\nsports and cultural facilities, loans to upper income households to purchase housing, and\nrebuilding of older public housing projects and downtown business districts. But do these\nprograms have a more benign impact on the poor? To a certain extent these newer programs\nmimic older policies that sought to replace poor people with middle class or upper income\nhouseholds. But they also include steps to improve the economic status of existing residents as\nwell. All of them have potentially large health and environmental impacts. We will discuss its\nrelevance to contemporary issues such as New Orleans.\nDescribe the impact of urban renewal on the urban poor and racial minorities;\nAnalyze contemporary urban policies from a health perspective;\nDescribe the past and current “tools” planners have used to change neighborhoods;\nInterpret proposals to rebuild New Orleans in light of past experiences to revitalize\n- Fullilove M, Green L, Fullilove R. Building momentum: An ethnographic study of\ninner-city redevelopment. American Journal of Public Health. 1999. 89(6):840-845\n- Fauth R, Leventhal T, Brooks-Gunn J. 2004. Short-term effects of moving from\npublic housing in poor to middle-class neighborhoods on low-income, minority adults’\noutcomes. Social Science and Medicine. 59(11):2271-2284\n- Jennings J. 2004. Urban Planning, community participation, and the Roxbury Master\nPlan in Boston. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.\nChina, Latin America and the new urban frontier (Howard)\nThe developing world has a wide diversity of urban types and no subset of areas can capture the\nrange of built environments that our increasingly urbanized planet has produced. Three\nexamples are covered in this class because they represent government-initiated plans to change\nthe built environment.\nChina has undergone a tremendous physical change in the last 15 years. With over 1 billion\npeople, any major policy shift can have global impacts on energy and the environment as well as\ndirect affects on the health of a significant portion of humanity. In the context of policies to\nencourage industrial growth and economic change, China’s government is actively encouraging\nthe use of automobiles through investment and policy change. China’s proposed new highway\nsystem rivals the US interstate system in scope. In many large cities, bikes are being banned and\nexpressways built to accommodate cars. From a predominately rural, agrarian economy China\nis morphing into a more urbanized environment focusing on manufacturing. There have been\nprofound impacts on the local and global environment and significant changes to public health.\nFor the first time, there is a growing epidemic of obesity as diets change and physical activity\npatterns are modified. The increasing reliance on automobiles is impacting global environments\nand energy prices. This session looks at the overall environmental impacts of Chinese\ndevelopment and the health impacts on the poor, children and the elderly.\nBrazil has seen two significant efforts to incorporate theories of planning and urban design into\nthe development of new urban areas. Brasilia was built incorporating modernist architectural\ntheories and was a response to congestion in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The goal was to\nresist the perceived problems of older cities. But despite the formal arrangement of buildings\nand avenues, the more typical, less constrained pattern of Brazilian urbanization has reasserted\nitself. This demonstrates the limits of planning and how efforts that exclude certain populations\n(the poor and the near poor), can result in unplanned outcomes. This class session will examine\nhow modernism interacted with other urban factors and how the result has affected the health\nand lives of its residents.\nCuritiba represents an alternative vision of transportation and the environment. Their system of\nbusways and urban form has spread to the US and now informs an important programmatic\ninitiative US transportation policy (see the Silver Line near the BUSPH). We will look at how\nthese alternative transportation policies can affect health and the environment and what are some\nof their limitations on implementation in other communities.\nObjectives: At the end of this session, students should be able to:\n- Compare and contrast conditions in contemporary developing cities with conditions in\nrapidly growing cities in the 19th century;\n- Identify some of the programs that are addressing the environmental health conditions\nin cities in the developing world;\n- Critique these new patterns of development from the perspective of lessons learned\nfrom US development;\n- Identify examples from developing countries that might be transferable to Western\n- Wei Y. Urban policy, economic policy, and the growth of large cities in China.\nHabitat International 1994 18(4):53-65.\n- Bai X, Imura H. 2000. A comparative study of urban environment in East Asia:\nStage model of urban environmental evolution. International Review for\nEnvironmental Strategies. 1(1):135-158\n- Madaleno I. 1996. Brasilia: the frontier capital. Cities 13(4):273-280\nCreating and preserving open space (Lopez)\nContemporary urban growth patterns simultaneously threaten undeveloped areas and farmland at\nurban peripheries and older built up areas in more central neighborhoods. The result can be a\nloss of vital habitats and a growth in abandoned properties and vacant land. Both of these can\nhave health and environmental implications. A number of public policies have been developed\nto address these issues. In inner cities, these include the redevelopment and reclamation of older,\nabandoned industrial properties (brownfields), the reuse of vacant land for urban agriculture,\nredevelopment of deteriorated playgrounds and parks. In suburban locations, programs have\nbeen developed to buy and preserve open space, allowing the transfer of development rights to\nprotect land and increase densities in select areas, and the establishment of urban service and\ngrowth boundaries. A central concern about urban growth boundaries has been whether they are\ninequitable because they increase housing costs. We will examine this argument, including the\nevidence from case studies on Portland Oregon and San Jose California.\nObjectives: At the end of this class, students should be able to:\nExplain the connections between peripheral development and inner city abandonment;\nDiscuss the evidence linking sprawl and racial segregation;\nIdentify programs that address sprawl and abandonment;\nCritique urban containment programs with emphasis on impacts on the poor, nonWhite and at risk populations;\n- Evaluate sprawl containment policies in terms of their impact on environment and\nresource use.\n- McAvoy P, Driscoll M, Gramling B. Integrating the environment, the economy, and\ncommunity health: a Community Health Center’s initiative to link health benefits to\nsmart growth. American Journal of Public Health 2004. 94(4):525-527.\n- McPherson EG, Nowak D, Heisler G, Grimmond S, Souch C. Grant R, Rowntree R.\nClimate Project. Urban Ecosystems 1997. 1 (1):49-61\n- Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Chapter 7. Water Quality and Quantity\n15. Final paper presentations\nIn this class section, students will present the results of their individual papers (10 minutes each)\nand we will discuss them as a group.\nFinal papers will be due during this session.\nObjectives: The goal of the class project is to provide students with experience in applying\ntheory learned in previous classes to built and proposed projects in urban design, urban planning,\nor transportation planning, with an eye to the affects of the project on public health. With the\nlessons and techniques learned in this class, how might these projects affect health? Are they\nsustainable? Do they represent an attempt to remediate the impacts of the built environment or\ndo they represent a repeat of past mistakes?\nReadings: None.\nPlagiarism, including the copying of any work in whole or in part without citation, is an\nextremely serious offense and will not be tolerated. It violates the trust between students and\nfaculty, renders ineffective the pedagogical activities of the class and deprives students of the\nlearning experience derived from course requirements. Violation of plagiarism guidelines will\nbe treated severely and reported to the school for further action.\nRelated flashcards\n\nLanguages of Mali\n\n46 cards\n\nLanguages of Libya\n\n14 cards\n\nLanguages of Tunisia\n\n14 cards\n\nLanguages of Ukraine\n\n15 cards\n\nPlains tribes\n\n24 cards\n\nCreate Flashcards", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998185634613037}
+{"content": "Ch. 13-Measuring the Economy\n\nGet Started. It's Free\nor sign up with your email address\nRocket clouds\nCh. 13-Measuring the Economy by Mind Map: Ch. 13-Measuring the Economy\n\n1. 13.2--How Do Economists Measure the Size of an Economy?\n\n1.1. Key Points:\n\n1.1.1. The main measure of the size of a nation's economy is its gross domestic product. GDP is an economic indicator that measures a country's total economic output. A steadily growing GDP is generally considered a sign of economic health.\n\n1.1.2. Economists also use GDP to compare the economies of individual countries. Per capita GDP is a nation's real gross domestic product divided by its population. It is an accepted measure of a society's standard of living.\n\n1.1.3. As a country's per capita GDP increases, so too do other indicators of well-being, like literacy and education, health and life expectancy, and standard of living.\n\n1.1.4. Economists typically calculate GDP by measuring expenditures on goods and services produced in a country. There are four components of GDP: household consumption (C), business investment (I), government purchases (G), and the net of exports minus imports (NX).\n\n1.2. Vocab:\n\n1.2.1. Final good: any new good that is ready for use by a consumer.\n\n1.2.2. Intermediate good: goods that are used in the production of final goods\n\n2. 13.3--What Does the Unemployment Rate Tell Us About an Economy’s Health?\n\n2.1. Key Points:\n\n2.1.1. Like the GDP, the unemployment rate is a useful indicator of the health of an economy. In general, a high unemployment rate means the overall health of the economy is poor.\n\n2.1.2. Some economic costs of a high unemployment rate include lost potential output, the serious economic cost that unemployed people have on the economy, and the high cost on society as a whole.\n\n2.1.3. The problems with using the unemployment rate as an economic health include the fact that a number of unemployed people have given up looking for work, the official unemployment rate does not recognize involuntary part-time workers, and the idea that the unemployment rate involves people working in informal or underground economies.\n\n2.1.4. In terms of classifying people who are employed, members of the labor force who have jobs are classified as employed, members of the labor force who are jobless, but are looking for work, are classified as unemployed, and everyone who is eligible to be in the labor force but is neither working nor looking for work is classified as not in the labor force.\n\n2.2. Vocab:\n\n2.2.1. Frictional unemployment: person has left one job and is looking for another\n\n2.2.2. Structural unemployment: unemployment caused because robots take over jobs previously done by humans\n\n3. 13.4--What Does the Inflation Rate Reveal About an Economy’s Health?\n\n3.1. Key Points:\n\n3.1.1. Some causes of inflation include an increase in the money supply, an increase in overall demand, and increases in the cost of the factors of production.\n\n3.1.2. An inflation of any amount has economic consequences including loss of purchasing power, higher purchasing power, and a loss of efficiency.\n\n3.1.3. Economists track changes in the cost of living using what is known as the consumer price index. The consumer price index (CPI) is a price index for a “market basket” of consumer goods and services.\n\n3.1.4. In the United States we have come to expect a certain amount of gradual inflation, or creeping inflation, every year, but if inflation goes into hyperdrive, it's known as hyperinflation. Also, deflation occurs when prices go down over time.\n\n3.2. Vocab:\n\n3.2.1. Inflation rate: the percentage increase in the average price level of goods and services from one month or year to the next\n\n3.2.2. Nominal cost of living: the cost in current dollars of all the basic goods and services that people need\n\n3.2.3. Real cost of living: the nominal cost of basic goods and services, adjusted for inflation\n\n4. 13.5--How Does the Business Cycle Relate to Economic Health?\n\n4.1. Key Points:\n\n4.1.1. The business cycle consists of four phases: a period of economic growth known as expansion, a point where the growth ends known as a peak, then there's a contraction, and the lowest point of the contraction called a trough.\n\n4.1.2. Business cycles are irregular in both length and severity. This makes peaks and troughs difficult to predict. Nonetheless, economists attempt to do just that, using a variety of economic indicators.\n\n4.1.3. Business cycles are popularly known as periods of boom and bust. A boom is the expansion phase of the cycle. But inevitably, boom turns to bust. The bust, or contract-ion phase of the business cycle, is also called a downturn, a downswing, or a recession.\n\n4.1.4. On rare occasions, a recession will last a long time and cause serious damage to the economy. Economists refer to this kind of severe contraction as a depression.\n\n4.2. Vocab:\n\n4.2.1. Inventory: merchandise that companies or stores have on hand\n\n4.2.2. Leading economic indicators: measures that consistently rise or fall several months before an expansion or a contraction begins\n\n4.2.3. Lagging economic indicators: measures that consistently rise or fall several months after an expansion or a contraction", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7695962190628052}
+{"content": "It doesn’t matter if you just blasted through to a new training plateau or you’re winding down from a routine workout, how you recover impacts your personal gains as much as the workout itself. The science is in – you’ve just broken down your muscles and depleted stores of glycogen and nutrients in your body – you need to repair and replace as efficiently as possible to get the most out of your training.\n\nThe 30-Minute Window\n\nImmediately following your workout, you have a 30-minute time frame in which your body is best suited to absorbing the nutrients from food and water. There’s no need to over eat but this is a good time to refuel your body with high-protein foods like chicken, eggs, and quinoa as well as restock your glycogen stores and energy levels by eating good, healthy carbs like sweet potatoes and yam.\n\nHydration is important for everyday health and it’s recommended you consume around 2 to 3 litres of water a day. After a high-intensity workout where you’ve been sweating hard, try to drink approximately 1L per 1000 calories burned. The best thing to do is listen to your body to ensure you’re getting the right amount of water.\n\nMany athletes integrate energy drinks and recovery shakes into their workouts to help keep them energized during their routines and to aid in a faster recovery afterwards. Brands like Biosteel and Gatorade offer sports drinks in the form of crystals that are mixed with water so you can drink it on the go. Drinking this continuously throughout your workout will help stave off dehydration and also replenish electrolytes as you lose them, reducing fatigue and increasing performance.\n\nBest for post-workout, shakes made with recovery powders are designed to restore the glycogen you depleted and help repair and grow your muscles by providing protein, carbohydrates and other ingredients essential to your progress. Having sore muscles is a good thing, it means you’re making progress – but adding advanced recovery formula drinks to your post-workout regimen will reduce the time it takes to recover and help pump up the gains you’re making.\n\nImprove Muscle Recovery with Stretching and Mobility\n\nThe best time for static stretching and rolling your muscles out is right after your workout because your body is warm thanks to all that pumping blood. Focus on the main muscles you used during the workout whether you’re using a foam roller, or just stretching it out on a mat. The focus here should be to help increase the range of motion you can achieve and attack any ‘sticky’ muscle groups. If you do have a foam roller, make sure it’s hard enough for you to press deeply into your muscles. You’ll know it’s working if it hurts a bit.\n\nNote: Static stretching when your body is cold can lead to injury. That’s why your routine should look something like this: warm up, stretch, workout, and stretch again. Jogging, jumping rope or doing jumping jacks are good ways of warming up and getting the blood flowing.\n\nRegenerating After Your Workout\n\nIf you’ve just spent the last hour or two working hard on one set of muscles in particular, give those muscles 24 hours to fully recover before putting them to the test again. They need time to rebuild and fully develop. If you’re doing a full-body workout where all the major muscle groups are engaged, you should be on a three-day-on, one-day-off cycle. This will give your body enough time to recover while maximizing your performance.\n\nGetting the sleep you need is critical to ensuring your body is receiving the full benefits of your training. If you don’t get eight 8 hours a night, your body will be less efficient and won’t be poised to perform at its peak.\n\nCold is the Answer\n\nIt’s best to cool your muscles down after a workout to help reduce the initial inflammation and aid in a faster recovery. Depending on your tolerance for cold and how hard your workout was, you could try:\n\n  • Sitting in an ice bath (12 to 15 degrees Celsius) for approximately 8 to 10 minutes\n  • Taking a cold shower\n  • Placing ice packs on the muscles you targeted (Max 20 minutes on, 10 minutes off, 20 minutes on)\n\nHeat can be an effective method for helping your muscles heal in the event of an injury but is less ideal as a post-recovery strategy.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7479910850524902}
+{"content": "Bibimbab Korean Restaurant\n\n\n\nBibimbap Korean Restaurant is the only Korean restaurant in Kuta Bali. Bibimbap Korean Restaurant is located at the northern end of Kuta right at the start of the Jalan Bypass Ngurah Rai, at the large roundabout with the big statue, right at the turn off to Sanur. Bibimbap Korean Restaurants serves a good range of Korean food including Bibimbap hot stone bowls, bulgolgi beef, delicious fried dumplings, meat and BBQ dishes and loads more classic Korean food.\n\nCan you improve this listing? Submit it here!\nContact them\nOr you can improve this listing by Suggesting an Edit.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.711017370223999}
+{"content": "Above all floating is profoundly relaxing.  There are so many benefits to floating, especially on a regular basis; when you make floating a practice it will truly change the way you think, feel, and live.  \n\nPlease feel free to explore the BENEFITS to floating, WHAT floating is, floating while PREGNANT, the HISTORY of floating, and our F.A.Q. about floating.  Who floats? Check out our MEDIA section where you can see testimonies from professional athletes, human optimizers, entrepreneurs, neuroscientists, psychonauts and more. BOOK your float with us.\n\nThe Flow\n\n  1. Arrive and check-in. \n\n  2. We’ll go over the basics and answer any remaining questions.\n\n  3. Shower, put in ear plugs, then step into the tank and lie down.\n\n  4. Close the door and turn off the light if you would like.\n\n  5. FLOAT. relax. breathe. nothing.\n\n  6. When your session is over, Turn on the light and step out of the tank.\n\n  7. Shower off, Basic toiletries will be provided. \n\n  8. get dressed and smile  :-)\n\n  9. enjoy our yoga studio or lounge space after you float.  we have organic teas, cucumber water, an amazing guest book to sign/write/color in, as well as coffee table books to look at and coloring books to splash your style in.  after you float you just have to chill. no rush.\n\nPre-Float Recommendations\n\n\nAvoid shaving before you float— Epsom salt stings! If you do have any small cuts we’ll provide you with Vaseline to apply beforehand.\n\nSwimsuit or None? \n\nWe suggest dressing to your own comfort level. you are in the tank alone so birthday suits are welcome. \n\n\nAvoid eating large meals before your float. It will be easier for your body to fully relax when it’s not digesting food. If possible, eat a light, clean meal 1.5-2 hours before your float. If you plan on eating a large meal, leave yourself 3-4 hours before your float.\n\n\n\n\nBe sure to use the restroom before you float — an easy distraction to avoid!\n\n\n\n\nGetting active before your float is a great idea. Yoga, running, and resistance training are all activities that pair well with floating. Exercise gets you loosened up and your blood flowing; your body will naturally ease into a deeper state of relaxation and meditation.\n\n\nFrequently asked questions", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6816045045852661}
+{"content": "Why does my dog ​​shake?\n\nThere are many reasons that can answer the question of why my dog ​​shakes , from simple natural reactions to sensations and feelings experienced, to diseases of a mild or serious nature. Therefore, it is crucial that you pay attention to your dog’s behavior, his attitude and movements to perceive any anomaly as soon as possible.\n\nCAT Spraying No More REVIEW\n\n\nIn this article of YourCatCareguide we will explain the main causes that can cause tremor in the dog , continue reading and find the one that may be affecting your faithful companion.\n\nIt may also interest you: Why does my cat tremble when sleeping?\n\nBy excitement or fear\n\nBehavioral causes are often the main reasons for dog tremors. So, if your puppy has just behaved or internalized an order, you rewarded him for it and soon after that he started to shake, it is likely to be a reaction generated by the state of excitement , joy and enthusiasm what is happening Analyze your posture and general behavior, it is possible that the tremor comes accompanied by energetic movements of his tail and even cry.\n\nIf, on the contrary, he behaved badly and you shouted at him for it, and then he shrank and began to shake, it’s because it’s a response to the fear he feels at the moment. On the other hand, if fear comes accompanied by stress or anxiety , the tremors are more than assured. In this sense, they can not only occur as a response to a punishment, but also because they have spent several hours alone, and may be a symptom of separation anxiety, for having a phobia of very loud sounds and noises, such as the siren of an ambulance, thunder or fireworks, or other phobias. In any of these cases, you should consult the veterinarian to tell you the best treatment to follow. Keep in mind that a stressed or anxious dog is an unhappy dog.\n\nSymptom tremors\n\nIn addition to the previous causes, the tremor in dogs can be a symptom of an illness or other health problems. The following are the most common:\n\n  • Hypoglycemia . Especially in small or miniature dogs, they may suffer from a drop inblood sugar , or hypoglycemia, due to their body mass. In general, when this is the reason, the tremors usually come accompanied by lack of appetite and weakness. If you suspect this is the cause that causes your dog to shake so much, do not hesitate to consult your veterinarian to raise your blood glucose levels as soon as possible.\n  • Arthritis . Is your dog’s tremor localized? That is, if for example your dog shows only trembling in the paws or the hip, it is possible that the reason is the appearance of arthritis or other diseases of inflammatory character.\n  • Cinomose . If your dog is less than one year old and has tremors accompanied by seizures, tics in the muscles of the head and legs, fever and loss of appetite, do not wait for the symptoms to get worse and take it to the vet.\n  • Poisoning or poisoning . There are toxic substances and foods for dogs that can cause tremors in our dog as a consequence of the same intoxication. In general, this symptom is usually accompanied by vomiting, excessive salivation, weakness, diarrhea, etc.\n  • Excessive exercise . Yes, in the same way that poor physical activity or excess exercise can cause us muscle damage or other injuries in our dog as well, resulting in tremor in the affected area. Check out our article on the recommended exercise for puppies and make sure the intensity and the time you spend are appropriate.\n  • Drug consumption . If your dog is following some sort of pharmacological treatment stipulated by the veterinarian, check the package leaflet to see if any of the side effects are the presence of tremors. If so, do not discontinue treatment without veterinary supervision.\n\nIf you suspect that the reason for the question of why your dog shakes is the appearance of some condition or other physical problem, do not hesitate to go to the vet as soon as possible. Keep in mind that some of the above diseases are deadly or degenerative.\n\nFor pain\n\nHas your dog fallen or recently struck? Another of the most common reasons for tremors in dogs is acute pain . The best way to know if this is the cause is by carefully groping the areas you are shaking and watching your dog’s reaction.\n\nAs a result of the cold\n\nJust as our dog shakes in response to low temperatures, so do dogs. In particular, small and miniature dogs, and dogs with very short hair, are not prepared to withstand very cold climates, so when exposed to it, your body begins to shake. It is a natural reflex reaction that we can avoid by acquiring suitable clothing for it .\n\nIt is very important to pay attention to this point to avoid that our dog end up suffering from hypothermia .\n\nShaker syndrome\n\nAlso called the shaking white dog syndrome , it usually affects the youngest breeds (less than two years old) of the Maltese , Poodle or Westie type, all of which are white and long. Although the odds are lower, this disorder can also be contracted by any other breed.\n\nThe main symptom of this condition is the tremor throughout the body of the dog, caused by inflammation of the cerebellum. This syndrome is associated with the central nervous system but the exact causes that cause it are still unknown. Thus, in addition to the tremors, affected dogs may have weakness in their paws and convulsions.\n\nDepends on race and age\n\nFinally, know that there are breeds with a tendency to tremble . Both the Chihuahua and the Yorkshire Terrier are prone to tremors for almost any reason, such as enthusiasm for a greeting, joy for going out on the street or for a walk, or just spending time with you.\n\nOn the other hand, age matters . Older dogs may tremble as a result of the passage of time and physical deterioration. If they do not suffer from any disease, the tremors will occur, in general, while they sleep or rest, not in movement. As the dog shakes without being at rest and when the tremor is located, remember the section above as you may suffer from arthritis or other inflammatory disease.\n\nWhenever the reason can negatively affect the health of your dog, you should consult the veterinarian as soon as possible to determine the real cause that explains why your dog shakes and start the best treatment.\n\nEmily Harris\n\n\nClick Here to Leave a Comment Below 0 comments", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5675604343414307}
+{"content": "Government Fire 2014\n\n\n\nFire is one of the most important natural disturbance processes in the western United States and ecosystems differ markedly with respect to their ecological and evolutionary relationships with fire. Reference fire regimes in forested ecosystems can be categorized along a gradient ranging from “fuel‐limited” to “climate‐limited” where the former types are often characterized by frequent, lower‐severity wildfires and the latter by infrequent, more severe wildfires. Using spatial data on fire severity from 1984–2011 and metrics related to fire frequency, we tested how divergence from historic (pre‐Euroamerican settlement) fire frequencies due to a century of fire suppression influences rates of high‐severity fire in five forest types in California. With some variation among bioregions, our results suggest that fires in forest types characterized by fuel‐limited fire regimes (e.g., yellow pine and mixed conifer forest) tend to burn with greater proportions of high‐severity fire as either time since last fire or the mean modern fire return interval (FRI) increases. Two intermediate fire regime types (mixed evergreen and bigcone Douglas‐fir) showed a similar relationship between fire frequency and fire severity. However, red fir and redwood forests, which are characterized by more climate‐limited fire regimes, did not show significant positive relationships between FRI and fire severity. This analysis provides strong evidence that for fuel‐limited fire regimes, lack of fire leads to increasing rates of high‐severity burning. Our study also substantiates the general validity of “fuel‐limited” vs. “climate‐limited” explanations of differing patterns of fire effects and response in forest types of the western US.\n\nEcosphere, 6(1):8", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9270369410514832}
+{"content": "Home>Top Issues\n\nUS probe won’t spark trade war: experts\n\nWednesday,Aug 23, 2017\n\nFrom: Global Times\n\n\nMove seen as attempt to address deficit with China\n\nUS President Donald Trump holds up the executive order he signed authorizing the US trade representative to launch an investigation against China on August 14 in Washington DC. Photo: CFP\n\nThe US decision to launch a Section 301 investigation against China over trade has renewed concerns that a trade war might break out between the world’s two largest economies, but Chinese experts on Sunday played down the scenario.\n\nHowever, following the US move, which is aimed at addressing the trade imbalance with China, the bilateral trade relationship will face rising hurdles and China should be fully prepared to face more trade remedies from the US in the future, experts warned.\n\nUS Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer on Friday formally initiated an investigation into China’s intellectual property practices under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.\n\nThe probe comes after US President Donald Trump on Tuesday signed an executive memorandum authorizing Lighthizer to determine whether China’s practices harm US intellectual property rights, innovation or technological development.\n\n\"The investigation will seek to determine whether acts, policies, and practices of the government of China related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation are unreasonable or discriminatory and burden or restrict US commerce,\" the Office of the United States Trade Representative said in a statement on its website.\n\nReal motive\n\nThough the probe centers on the issues of technological intellectual property, Chinese experts said the US is using it to pressure China into tackling the bilateral trade imbalance.\n\n\"The US investigation is primarily aimed at addressing the country’s long-running trade deficit with China. The US hopes to impose pressure on China in order to protect its own manufacturing industry and improve American employment,\" Wang Jun, a deputy director of the Department of Information at the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, told the Global Times Sunday.\n\nChina’s trade surplus with the US reached $25.2 billion in July, official data showed on August 8.\n\nAnother motive behind the move could be that the Trump administration is seeking to draw attention away from domestic US problems by focusing on China, said He Weiwen, a senior fellow at Center for China and Globalization （CCG）and  an executive council member at the China Society for the WTO.\n\nThe Trump administration wants to use China as a \"scapegoat\" as the US government has \"made enemies\" domestically as well as globally following various controversial policies and the decision to abandon the Paris Agreement on climate change, He told the Global Times Sunday.\n\n\"To make China a scapegoat is easy. It’s not only Trump who has done this; other US politicians have also tried it in previous years,\" according to He. \"The investigation has been long plotted by the US government,\" he said.\n\nTrade war unlikely\n\nExperts said that the US probe is unlikely to trigger a full-blown trade war between the two countries and will not have a substantial negative impact on the bilateral economic and trade relationship in the short term, but it is still a worrying sign.\n\n\"Trade disputes between China and the US will rise in the future and the US is likely to employ more forms of measures against China [in trade],\" Wang noted.\n\nThe US launched 11 trade remedy probes into Chinese products in the first half of this year, accounting for about 30 percent of the total investigations that China faced from around the world, according to China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM).\n\nChina should be fully prepared for the effects of the US probe, not only in trade, but also in terms of pressure on the currency exchange rate, He said.\n\nWang noted that China would like to use negotiations to resolve such problems instead of launching harsh trade restrictions against the US. \"China will not ban imports from the US nor raise tariffs on US products.\"\n\nAlso, He suggested, China could use WTO rules to seek arbitration because the US move to apply a domestic law to an international matter violates the WTO’s rules.\n\nSection 301, which was passed in 1974, allows the US president to impose tariffs or other trade restrictions against foreign countries. But it also represents unilateral action and is generally opposed by other countries, MOFCOM said Tuesday.\n\n\nFrom Global Times，2017-8-20", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6506660580635071}
+{"content": "Civic Responsibility\n\nCivic responsibility is something that my mind has been returning to again and again in recent times. I haven’t had the time to think about it because of many other things pressing for time. Then I came across this piece that captures some of what I have been thinking. Here is a Quote:\n\n\nDavid is talking about USA. However, it applies even more to India than USA. Civic responsibility is utterly lacking and it is hurting our country more than the politicians and corruption. More on this later.\n\n\nWhy Indians (Don’t!) break traffic law\n\nToday evening, I was involved in an auto accident. A Tata Ace swerved to the left and hit my auto. We were not hurt because both vehicles were going slow due to the traffic. But that also meant that they got stuck to each other. My auto driver cursed the other driver at the top of his voice (which actually wasn’t audible; again due to the traffic) and told him to steer away. The other driver was visibly shaken at the accident and also because he made an error. He raised his hands in apology and then did as my driver has asked him. At the same time, my driver also steered away from the truck ie to our left. And promptly hit a scooter driver by an uncle! It was the turn of the Uncle to scream in anger and it was the auto driver who was folding hands to say sorry and then waving towards the truck driver to blame him. The truck driver played oblivious to the existence of the other two drivers. No real harm done; all three vehicles moved as the traffic moved.\n\nIn all this while, I had to bite my tongue to stop myself from screaming at all three of them. I almost pointed out to all three of them that as per traffic rules, overtaking is always from the right. And that they all must be NRIs from USA where overtaking is from the left. If I had said all this, all of them would have looked at me as if I am an idiot and from another country. The Uncle may have even tried to educate me on the correct traffic rules. I am sure because I have been through such situations many times. I know its pointless to tell people about traffic laws in such situations and that is how I have learned to bite my tongue.\n\nBut today was different. Today, I realised that most of Indians actually do follow the traffic law. It’s just that its the traffic law they believe in and have been trained in; is not the law that is written down and passed by the Parliament. Most Indians believe that overtaking from left is the correct method and they see everyone doing it. Now everyone can’t be wrong and therefore overtaking from left is the correct way.\n\nWhile this fits the paradigm of sheep following the flock and the paradigm of social proof; there is more to this. Such behavior is so strong that its actually can be considered a type of law called Custom Law. As per Wikipedia,\n\n\n  1. a certain legal practice is observed and\n\n  2. the relevant actors consider it to be law\n\nOvertaking from left satisfies condition 1 clearly as most Indians do it. Almost all of them consider it to be correct and legal. That almost satisfies condition 2 as well. Almost because if the question were to come up before a court, the court would clearly say: overtake from right. Still right because the most relevant actors ie drivers and law enforcement agencies such as traffic police consider it correct. Just think of the many times that a Police vehicle overtook yours from the left side. That is a very “relevant” actor considering it to be a law.\n\nSo overtaking from left is customary law of India and Indians abide by it.\n\nAs any law graduate will tell you, written law always supersedes the customary law.  The written law says that overtaking is by the right side (Section 4 of The Road Regulation Rules 1989). Also, overtaking by left side attracts a fine of Rs 100. Almost every Indian breaks this law and should be fined. To put things in perspective, if every vehicle breaking this rule was actually fined, Mumbai Traffic Police would earn Rs 20 – 30 Cr on the first day of such an exercise! Delhi could earn Rs 60 – 90 Cr! It would probably pay that month’s salary for every traffic cop!!\n\nBut, of course, they don’t do that because they too have come to accept the customary law over written law. They also don’t do it because of obvious logistics problems but that is for senior officials. Junior police men and women accept the customary law over written law because in this they are no different from every other driver.\n\nIn short: customary traffic law trumps written traffic law.\n\nThis is actually not unusual. There are several other examples: Khap Panchayats, Triple Talaq etc. In some cases, written law is passed to incorporate customary law. For eg, the different Personal Laws on marriage. In some other cases, written law is passed to overwrite the customary law. An example is what is happening with Triple talaq.\n\nWhat is unusual is that the cost of enforcing the written law in this case doesn’t lead to great measurable benefits. Imagine the efforts that need to be made by the Police. Imagine the cost of accidents and delays as drivers adapt to this “new” rule. Can you imagine any benefits from enforcing this law? I can’t. Indian Parliament might as well change the written law to say overtaking shall be from the right. No one will even notice the change. Some may argue: bus stands would need to move to the right side of the road if this is done. But why?  We have a functioning system. Very few people try to overtake a bus from left when a stand is visible ahead. Similar response would work for almost all objections.\n\nSeriously, let’s just do it. Law should reflect the popular belief.\n\nBut while we are at this discussion, let’s also look at why such a custom has come up. I think its because no one has tried to train drivers for overtaking from left side. Most driving license holders don’t even know the traffic rules like this one. It is because they are not really required to. Most got their license from a tout. And then they looked at others to see what is right. What began as the advantage of a smaller vehicle such as a bike over a larger vehicle such as a bus, has become a custom. Bike riders turned car drivers over time and continue the same habit. And now the momentum is too big to stop.\n\nBut, there are other patterns of breaking traffic rules that are still emerging and can be stopped before Traffic Rules become something that feature only in whatsapp jokes and standup comic routines.\n\nFor eg, look at the vehicles that stop a few meters after passing a Red traffic signal. They do that because the lines that used to show where the first vehicle should stop have disappeared. For some reasons, they are not being drawn on Mumbai roads. So, some vehicle or the other overshoots the signal. Then another nudges ahead until their noses align. Still another is not happy to just match and nudges until its got a few centimeter on the rest. In doing all this, all these vehicles come in the way of incoming traffic. Put a traffic cop there and the extent of misses and nudges reduce but they are still there. Also, for every vehicle missing the line there are many which stop well behind the signal. Its a habit of a few which hasn’t become a custom yet. But if we don’t act, it will become a custom over time. And all it would take is to bring back that line that says S T O P.\n\nAnother example is bike riders driving on pavements. A few do it and get away with it. It encourages a few more to do it. Whenever you see it, you see social proof in action. One rider does it. Then another. And then many just follow them. Many more still stay on the road. Some of them are also tempted the next time. After all, who doesn’t want to reach a few mins earlier? In this case, enforcement of law can still stop a menace.\n\nIn short: making the rules clear and easy to follow plus enforcing fines on violations can still stop our traffic laws from being irrelevant. They already are when it comes to overtaking.\n\nImage credit: Pristyles\n\n\n\nRecommendations for Maharashtra State Innovation and Startup Policy\n\n\nWorkshop on Maharashtra State Innovation and Startup Policy\n\nI made three recommendations to the Maharashtra government.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBiases in Biographies\n\nThe book next on my reading list is Ravindra Kavita Kanan by Suryakant Tripathi Nirala. Its a book length essay on poems of the Nobel Laureate Ravindra Nath Tagore. Its very interesting as Nirala was a great poet himself.\n\nHe isn’t afraid to express his own opinions and that comes as a joy. Sample this:\n\nअंकुर को देख कर उसके भविष्य-विस्तार के सम्बन्ध में अनुमान लगाना निरर्थक होता है | क्योंकि प्रायः सब अंकुर एक ही तरह के होते हैं | उनमें होनहार कौन है और कौन नहीं, यह बतलाना जरा मुश्किल है | इसी तरह, वर्तमान के महाकवि को उनके बालपन की क्रीड़ाएं देख कर पहचान लेना, उनके भविष्य के सम्बन्ध में सार्थक कल्पना करना, असंभव है | क्योंकि उनके बालपन में कोई ऐसी विचित्रता नहीं मिलती, जिससे यौवन-काल की महत्ता सूचित हो | जो लोग वर्त्तमान के साथ अतीत की श्रृंखला जोड़ते हैं, वे वर्त्तमान को देख कर ही उसके अनुकूल अतीत की युक्तियाँ रखते हैं |\n\nI posted that in original Hindi. To translate, he says that it is impossible to look at a child and to predict the later greatness. There is a selection bias at play when people extrapolate the current greatness to events in childhood. He also says it poetically: All seeds are similar.\n\nThis is very different from the usual biographies written by journalists. There is an examination of the early years to show how the great person was different even in early years. Nirala clearly didn’t feel the compulsions that a Journalist does.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5170169472694397}
+{"content": "Tuesday, 28 January 2014\n\nWhat can a person do if he / she can’t get their application pursuant to section 17 of the Company Director Disqualification Act 1986 heard within 21 days?\n\na. The person resigns his/her position and waits until they can obtain a court date to hear the application.\n\nb. The person could alternatively apply for an extension to the 21 day period whilst he/she gets the application in order.\n\nc. The individual could apply for a “stay” of the disqualification order pending the application for leave being dealt with (although there is limited jurisdiction by the court to do this).\n\nd. The person could invite the court to order that interim permission to act should be granted pending the hearing of the substantive application for permission – to preserve the status quo.\n\ne. The person could ask the court to grant permission for a specific purpose for a specific period of time.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9976420998573303}
+{"content": "NFL Hopefuls Fine-Tune Skills with Fitness Tech\n\n\nThe idea of harnessing tech to improve workouts was discussed in a fair amount of detail in the first book of the series. However, for readers who aren’t familiar with the concept, the basic idea is to have  athletes wear sensors while training, in order to collect data about their activity levels during the workout. This data can then be used to fine-tune the workout, discover weaknesses in the athletes form, or hone-in on specific skills.\n\nWhen IOI:Entertainment was published in early 2014, the idea of using fitness tech to improve training routines still wasn’t an idea embraced by many. A year later, however, it seems that athletes are starting to realize the benefit of such an approach.\n\nFor example, an article published this week highlights how a group of NFL prospects are using an array of tech-oriented training techniques to boost their appeal at the NFL Combine.\n\nAt the center of the tech-focused approach used by the group is an elaborate data-gathering system called the Adidas miCoach Elite. \n\n\nAlthough the device is similar to other consumer-facing data gathering devices, the miCoach is an industrial-grade system reportedly far more advanced than anything you’d pick up at the store. Nevertheless, the primary focus of the device is pretty much what you’d expect from a health-oriented wearable: gather data about acceleration, speed, power, and movement.\n\nThe data is communicated wirelessly to mobile devices operated by the coaching staff, who can then dial-up or cut-back the intensity of the workout based on real bio-metric data — in real time.  This approach allows the coaches to help ensure that the athletes stay in that sweet spot where they continue improving, but with a reduced risk of over-training or injury.\n\nFor now, this sort of training style is really only being used by a minority of athletes, but as word continues to spread about this approach, it is foreseeable –and quite probable — that it will become the preferred tactic for professional athletes worldwide; largely due to the benefits described above.\n\nIn the meantime, I’d recommend keeping an eye on your favorite athletes and sports teams to see how their training techniques adjust to the growing trend of tech-oriented training.\n\nTo read more about the NFL prospects’ training, check out the full write-up on re/code.\n\nTo learn more about how tech is shaping the future of sports,\ncheck out the Impact of Innovation: Entertainment. [Purchase]\n\n\n\n\nRelated Post\n\nShare This Post:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6980162262916565}
+{"content": "Troponin I and D-Dimer for Discriminating Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism from Myocardial Infarction\n\n    loading  Checking for direct PDF access through Ovid\n\n\nBackground: Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) is a life-threatening condition, often manifesting with chest pain, dyspnea, and increased cardiac biomarkers including cardiac troponin I (CTI) and D-dimer. Therefore, APTE is often misdiagnosed with classical non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), resulting in unnecessary coronary interventions and a delay of therapy. Objectives: Our aim was to distinguish APTE from NSTEMI based on CTI and D-dimer levels. Methods: Complete clinical and laboratory data sets from APTE patients (n = 123) were compared with matched NSTEMI patients (n = 123) who presented with chest pain. The APTE diagnosis was confirmed by chest tomography, angiography, or radionuclide ventilation-perfusion scan, while NSTEMI was established by clinical symptoms, cardiac biomarkers, and coronary angiography. Clinical characteristics, CTI (initial and peak), and D-dimer levels at presentation were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The clinical characteristics were not different between APTE and NSTEMI patients. However, significantly lower initial CTI (0.2 ± 0.5 vs. 4.4 ± 9.5 ng/ml) and peak CTI (0.7 ± 2.7 vs. 17.1 ± 20.4 ng/ml), but higher initial D-dimer (9.8 ± 9.4 vs. 1.6 ± 3.6 ng/ml), distinguished APTE from NSTEMI. By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff values for initial CTI, peak CTI, and D-dimer were 0.25, 0.98, and 3.18 ng/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with APTE exhibited lower initial and peak CTI but higher D-dimer levels than NSTEMI patients. Assessing cardiac biomarkers is useful for differentiating APTE from NSTEMI. Further large randomized biomarker studies are urgently needed to facilitate a better APTE diagnosis since clinical characteristics are not particularly helpful.\n\nRelated Topics\n\n    loading  Loading Related Articles", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9267359375953674}
+{"content": "Back to All Events\n\nReperformance | Marina Abramovic: Cleaning the Mirror (1995)\n\n\n\n\nre-performance: 8 hours\n\nwith Martha Pasakopoulou\n\nLocation: First Floor, Workshop Space\n\nThis is the first time that this work will be re-performed since its first iteration in 1995, when it was performed only for video. In Cleaning the Mirror (1995), Abramović sits with a skeleton on her lap, next to her a bucket with soapy water. With her right hand, she vigorously brushes the different parts of the skeleton. By being cleaned, the colour of the skeleton becomes lighter, whereas the greyish dirt which once coated the bones starts to cover Abramović herself so that the boundaries between the actor and the “object” acted upon start to blur; the dead and the living start to intermingle. As for Abramović, the skeleton metaphorically represents “the last mirror we will all face”; death and temporality are the major themes addressed in this work.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7181626558303833}
+{"content": "How To Make Good Habits Stick\n\n7 Things You Can Do to Lock in Habits Over the Long Term\n\nHow we operate daily is a reflection of the habits we have. The more good habits we have, the better our lives will be.\n\nAs we all desire to improve and have better lives, sometimes we struggle to follow through and stick to doing the things we know will be beneficial to us.\n\nWhile having an intention to make a positive change, such as exercising a few times per week, drinking plenty of water daily or getting enough sleep each night, is a good starting point, sticking to the new habits is challenging.\n\nOne of the reasons why people abandon their New Year’s resolutions is because they are not able to lock in their new habits over the long term.\n\nThe Costs of Not Sticking to Our Habits\n\n  • It generates feelings of disappointment, regret and resignation.\n  • We lose trust in ourselves as we’re unable to keep our commitments.\n  • It lowers our self-confidence.\n  • We’re reluctant to try something that requires a long-term commitment.\n  • We don’t progress as quickly as we’d like to.\n\nIt’s one thing to identify a new or good habit we want to have, but it’s much more challenging to actually stick with it.\n\nMaking good habits stick\n\nA few years ago, I wanted to start a daily practice or habit of journaling at the end of each day. I had read many successful people had a regular journaling practice so I wanted to give it a go.\n\nMy initial goal was to try it for 30 days and if I liked the process or found it to be beneficial, I would continue on after that initial period. The first couple of days were relatively easy as it was new and exciting.\n\nOne thing I had done was to set a recurring daily reminder on my phone, which was a big help as I would have otherwise forgotten to do it on many occasions. There were many afternoons or early evenings when I would have preferred not to force myself to sit down and write, but I kept to my commitment.\n\nAt the end of 30 days, I found the practice to be a powerful way to reflect back on each day, assess what I had done well and not so well, and then identify what I could do to improve either the next day or the next time I had a similar experience.\n\nAt the time of writing this, I have been journaling daily for over five years and it has become a habit that is now locked in.\n\n7 Things You Can Do to Make Good Habits Stick\n\n  1. Assess why you were unable to make a previous habit stick. Unless we become aware of some of our patterns and identify what can cause us to stop doing what we want to, we’re likely to repeat those patterns and behaviours. We have to find out what the real reasons were for not sticking to our habits. Asking ourselves “why” multiple times can help us identify the real reasons.\n  2. Determine your purpose for creating a new habit. When we identify a new habit we want to form, we naturally believe we’ll gain something positive otherwise we wouldn’t do it. Being clear on what benefit we will gain is what will motivate us to keep going when start to struggle to maintain the habit. Imagining what our life will be like with the new habit in place is a powerful way to stay motivated.\n  3. Make a plan. The better prepared we are, the better our chances of success. As part of our plan, we need to identify potential challenges so that we can put things in place to overcome them. Without an effective or flexible plan, we will reduce our chances of sticking to the new habit.\n  4. Set up reminders. This can be done digitally like using our computers or phones, or it can be done by using post-it-notes and placing them in places where we’ll see them. Reminders act as triggers for us to do the thing we want to. Other people around us can also support us by giving us friendly reminders to do what we said we would.\n  5. Create a routine. A routine can be a sequence of tasks or activities we’ll carry out. We can use “if/then” routines, which implies that if we do one thing, then it should also be a reminder for us to do something else. For a new habit, we can identify what is something else we can do prior to the actual habit so that the task before becomes the trigger to remember to do the new habit.\n  6. Track your progress. Without regular evaluation, it will be easy to lose track of how we’re actually doing. Keeping score is a simple but very effective way to ensure we remain on track. By monitoring our progress, we will be able to quickly make adjustments if we need to.\n  7. Give yourself progressive rewards. As making a new habit can be challenging, we can make it a more enjoyable process by rewarding ourselves along the way. When we do something nice for ourselves, it can motivate us to do even better and continue to stay on track.\n\nAs our habits shape who we become and the quality of life we live, we need to be intentional about what we do and how we do them.\n\nIf we consistently develop new, empowering habits, they will stack up over time and make a huge difference in our lives. If we don’t develop good habits, we won’t challenge ourselves to be the best we can be.\n\nAction Step: Pick one new habit you know will be beneficial to you and start applying these ideas so that you can make that habit stick over the long term. As you form one new habit, start working on another habit.\n\nQuestion: What other strategies or tactics can we use to make good habits stick?\n\nYou can leave a comment by clicking here.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9879982471466064}
+{"content": "How do people get Psychosis?\n\n1 Answer\nFeb 25, 2016\n\n\nPsychosis can be induced either socially (environmental factors), abuse of drugs, and genetically.\n\n\nThere are research and experiments that even twins who are raised apart, when one of them\n\nThe most common types of drugs are cannabinoids, opioids, stimulants, club drugs, dissociative drugs, hallucinogens, and some compounds. Among those, cannabinoids, stimulants, and dissociative drugs are known to succeed psychosis.\n\nStress is also known to cause psychosis in different people. Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances, whereas stressors are the factors that causes stress.\n\nIt is a specific response by the body to a stimulus, as fear or pain, that disturbs or interferes with the normal physiological equilibrium of an organism. But when any of the stressors (an activity, event, or other stimulus that causes stress) is constantly disturbing you, then that's the time your body is not in its normal physiological balance. Extreme measures when not treated properly may lead to psychosis.\n\nHope that helps. :-)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9746966361999512}
+{"content": "FORT POLK, La. (Army News Service, Sept. 23, 2008) -- Fort Polk's 5th Aviation Battalion has been flying the Army's new utility helicopter for a year, and Monday pilots had a chance to meet the namesake of their birds, the Lakota tribe of South Dakota.\n\nThe pilots were invited to participate in the tribe's annual sun dance, a traditional religious and cultural ceremony that honors warriors and elders of the Lakota Sioux tribe that lent its name to the UH-72 Light Utility Helicopter.\n\n\"They wanted us to bring an aircraft up there since it was named after them so that they could recognize it and show it off to their people,\" said Chief Warrant Officer 4 Steven Dunn, who participated in the mission.\n\nThe unit flew two helicopters to Rosebud, S.D., and displayed them at a local university and the sun dance ceremony. The pilots took the opportunity to learn more about Lakota culture. The tribe refers to its veterans as \"warriors,\" and regards them with the same esteem that their ancestors did centuries ago.\n\n\"Even now, when they join one of the armed forces, in their society they are considered warriors,\" said Chief Warrant Officer 2 Allen Galbreath, who also flew to the ceremony.\n\nToday, a main focus of the gathering is the recognition of veterans. Galbreath said the pilots were invited to take part in the ceremony. \"At one point we were in the arena, surrounded by the tribe. We came in with the dancers, who were in full regalia, and were followed by the veterans. The dancers kept pouring in; at one point there were about 300 dancers. It was wild.\" The dancing lasted for hours, the pilots said.\n\nThe pilots came away from the event impressed with the patriotism of the Lakota people. \"They are probably some of the most patriotic people you will ever meet,\" said Dunn. \"They are so proud of their traditions and their people, but they're proud of their country. They consider themselves Americans and part of this country. Are they still resentful of what happened to them' Sure they are. They did not forget, because it's handed down through their families, but they don't turn their back on their country.\"\n\nFortunately, the Army was able to give back to the tribe during this mission. When the tribal elders mentioned a project that their university was conducting, which involved the compilation of a list of holy sites, the pilots were more than happy to assist. They flew to each of the sites and took aerial photographs. The naming of the helicopter is a monument to the Lakota tribe's place in American history.\n\n\"It's actually quite a process to name a helicopter,\" said Galbreath. \"There is a Department of Defense directive that requires the naming of helicopters after Indian tribes. The tribes put in a request to have the helicopter named after them. The tribes characteristics also should fit the characteristics and uses of the airframe.\n\n\"The Lakota were known as peaceful people, and 'one with the earth,' so that's how this helicopter came to be known as the Lakota. They were disappointed that it didn't have guns on it, though.\"\n\n\"The Lakota are famous for wiping out the 7th Cavalry during the Indian Wars of the 19th century though,\" said Dunn, noting the irony.\n\n\"They are peaceful up to a point!\" said Galbreath.\n\nThe 5th is the second active duty unit in the Army to receive the Lakota. The Lakotas replace UH-60 Black Hawks that are currently used in non-combat roles, to provide more Black Hawks to the war effort.\n\nThe unit uses its aircraft to support Joint Readiness Training Center with distinguished visitor flights and personnel movement on Fort Polk, but is also in the process of training and qualifying for an array of other missions here.\n\nThe pilots are already adding some Lakota customs to their unit's traditions.\n\n\"Something we picked up from them was the saying 'hoka hey,' which means 'let's roll,'\" said Dunn. \"The elders also gave us each a medicine wheel. It protects the individual and represents the four tribes of Lakota, the points of the compass and is made of porcupine quill.\"\n\nBefore the Soldiers departed, they invited the Lakota veterans to sign the backs of the helicopters, inside the doors.\n\n\"I think it meant a lot to them that we allowed them to do that,\" said Galbreath.\nThose signatures will likely provide inspiration to generations of flight crews as long as the aircraft are in service, reminding them of their proud heritage.\n\n(Zach Morgan writes for the Guardian newspaper at Fort Polk.)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6876192092895508}
+{"content": "How Does Copyright Affect Culture?\n\nCopyright is an important part of cultural policy, but because of its technicality, the copyright system is often poorly understood, including by some who are most involved in it, such as artists. The copyright system’s importance for society as a whole and in particular for a thriving cultural background should not be underestimated.\n\nSo let’s go back to the basics: what is copyright and how does it influence culture? Copyright is an essential part of intellectual property rights that protects the rights of authors who are the creators of original works in the field of literature and the arts (including written works, musical compositions, works of visual arts and other creations of the mind). In a broader sense, copyright also includes the so-called related or neighboring rights: the rights of performers, producers of phonograms or films, and creators of databases. The right holders, or those to whom the rights have been transferred, have the exclusivity on some uses of the works defined by law, in particular copying and distribution. This enables authors to control and to obtain reward from the use of their creative works, as well as to prohibit unauthorized use of it.\n\nCopyright is at its core a legal construct: it is an extension of the right of property to ideas once they have been expressed and become “works”. It is a legal recognition of the importance of creation, not only its economic importance, but also the importance of authorship since copyright also includes “moral rights” (such as the right to see a work attributed to its author and the right to the integrity of the work). It provides an additional motivation for artistic endeavors, a market-based reward. However, a malfunctioning copyright system or too tight copyright protection might hamper creation. Copyright protection for example should not result in a prohibition of “follow-on creation”, meaning creation based on past works. Moreover, as creativity finds new supports, technologies develop, and creation and distribution processes change, the copyright system too must evolve. A functioning copyright system needs to be based on a profound and up-to-date understanding of value creation processes as well as the roles of their actors.\n\nCopyright also has a very important economic aspect. Its purpose is to make it possible for authors to make a living from creative activities; when enforced effectively, copyright also functions as an incentive to invest in creative activities as it secures returns from the market to reward investors’ risk-taking. The growing economic importance of copyright industries has been acknowledged in many countries. In order to foster the financial supports to and rewards from acts of creation, it is necessary to combine fine-tuned copyright protection laws with an efficient system of enforcement, general awareness of copyright rules in the population, as well as an efficient market for copyrighted products and services. In particular, facilitating the connections between creators and users is a challenge that has been met through different means, such as the services of collective management organizations.\n\nFinally, the last aspect of copyright is not the least important: the point of view of access. Culture is a common good, and even if culture is of course much larger than the sum of copyright-protected works, every work that is left inaccessible because of restrictions created by copyright limits public access to the cultural heritage. Copyright creates an exclusion mechanism to limit the ability of individuals to exploit creative works, but in order for the ideas themselves to remain public and for the public to be able to access and enjoy culture, the scope of these restrictions has to be carefully adjusted. This can be achieved through various means, including a carefully designed scope of protectable subject matter, a limited term of protection that will allow for a strong public domain, appropriate limitations, exceptions and exemptions that allow certain uses without authorization by the right holders, as well as systems of licensing that will promote the access to cultural works for example through libraries, museums or in education.\n\nA national copyright system is therefore a complex balance of sometimes opposed, sometimes converging interests including many actors, processes, rules and policies. Its success in achieving its goals will depend on its capacity to respond to various challenges and adapt to the evolution of cultural processes. For this purpose, the development of the copyright system needs a solid and reliable information base that is collected in an objective manner. Cupore has participated in the effort to provide this base by creating a methodology for assessing the operation of national copyright systems. Hopefully this methodological tool will support the development of copyright systems that will achieve the very delicate balance between the interests of right holders and the development of culture.\n\nNathalie Lefever\n\nNathalie Lefever", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9766818881034851}
+{"content": "\n“Rescaling Colonial Life From the Indigenous to the Alien: The Late 20th Century Search for Human Biological Futures,“ follows the reach of colonial practices of natural history through genomics and into outer space. The article centers around biochemist and medical anthropologist Baruch Blumberg, who began his career collecting samples from colonial subjects in Surinam and ended it as head of the NASA program in Astrobiology. Joanna Radin’s history traces entwinements of colonial natural history, space exploration, and inductive methods in postwar biological science.\nScientists, led by Deborah Hung in the HMS Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and at Mass General and Brigham and Women’s, show that a detailed RNA signature of specific pathogens can identify a broad spectrum of infectious agents, forming the basis of a diagnostic platform to earlier determine the best treatment option for infectious diseases.\nUnfortunately in the 17th century medicine was still handicapped by wrong ideas about the human body. Most doctors still thought that there were four fluids or 'humors' in the body, blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Illness resulted when you had too much of one humor. Nevertheless during the 17th century a more scientific approach to medicine emerged and some doctors began to question traditional ideas. Apart from Harvey the most famous English doctor of the 17th century was Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689). He is sometimes called the English Hippocrates because he emphasized the importance of carefully observing patients and their symptoms.\nGreat overview of what it takes to learn and run a Functional Medicine (science-based, systems biology, Integrative) medical practice. I started a Functional Medicine practice in 2009. I wish this book was and approach was available then. There were a lot of growing pains, many of which may have been avoided with the best practices approach outlined in this book. We started out in a fully insurance based practice and at 5 years we were very successful. However, we were also very burnt out. We had talked about creating a model that could be used to help providers make the switch. The bottom line in my experience is that most people can't do that when they're in the trenches seeing patients and learning by trial and error. We never advertised after the initial announcement that we were opening. From there it is was all word of mouth.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9724182486534119}
+{"content": "Coptic egyptian writing and art\n\n\nCoptic language\n\nThrough his experience, he has deducted theories that are much interesting and worth to be studied. There are three main Liturgies in the Coptic Church: The less well known god of The Nile and the crocodiles was named Sobek, which is a rather unusual name.\n\nMany scholars such as Saint Jerome visited the school of Alexandria to exchange ideas and to communicate directly with its scholars. To put this in perspective — most modern countries count their histories in hundreds of years.\n\nCoptic language\n\nInthe remains of an ancient glassmaking factory was found. The Coptic Calendar of Martyrs is full of other feasts usually commemorating the martyrdom of popular Saints e.\n\nChampollion went on to show that for most of their writing, the scribes relied on using a relatively conventional phonetic alphabet. Not only did they have medicinal values, they also are believed to have been used to ward off evil spirits and demons.\n\nYoung matched up the letters of Ptolemy with the hieroglyphs, and he managed to correlate most of the hieroglyphs with their correct phonetic values. Scholars frequently refer to this phase as pre-Coptic. Then, towards the end of the fourth century AD, within a generation, the Egyptian scripts vanished.\n\nPope Cyril IV—61, reformed the church and encouraged broader Coptic participation in Egyptian affairs. Hieroglyphs were phonetic and the underlying language was Egyptian. Perhaps the greatest glory of the Coptic Church is its Cross. Kammerer, \"A Coptic Bibliography\", compiled by W. The Egyptians recognized three seasons: Nowadays only few hundreds of deacons and Egyptian people in the whole world can sing those beautiful tunes in the Coptic Language which is the last form of evolution of Ancient Egyptian language.\n\nOver pyramids have been discovered in Egypt.\n\nEgyptian Hieroglyphic Writing\n\nAfter the floodwaters had receded, the growing season lasted from October to February. He appointed them judges to Egyptian courts and awarded them political rights and representation in government. Egyptian Hieroglyphic Writing Hieroglyphic symbols are pleasing to the eye; everyone wants to see their name in hieroglyphs.\n\nAncient Egypt\n\nHe was one of the four evangelists and the one who wrote the oldest canonical gospel. The significance of the sun in the Rameses cartouche is enormous, because it indicates the language of the scribes.\n\nBy the end of the fourth century, there were hundreds of monasteries, and thousands of cells and caves scattered throughout the Egyptian hills. This was built in BC. These mummies are important to scientists today because they tell them about how the Egyptians lived.\n\nTherefore, we are offering this humble contribution as brief introduction helping to know what is already said by scholars about Coptic Music hoping that the reader may find an inspiration to conduct further studies and reach new discoveries of these old mysteries! This is due to a large extent to the fortunate position that the Copts enjoyed, for the Prophet of Islam, who had an Egyptian wife the only one of his wives to bear a childpreached especial kindness towards Copts: Ernest Newlandsmith, had no knowledge of this field, but his fate made him meet with Ragheb Moftah who invited him for 9 consecutive winters in Egypt where he transcribed in 16 volumes all the inherited Coptic musical heritage.\n\nLatin equivalents would include the Icelandic alphabet which likewise has added lettersor the Fraktur alphabet which has distinctive forms.\n\nCoptic alphabet\n\nChampollion had learnt Coptic as a teenager, and was so fluent that he used it to record entries in his journal. The Holy Bible was translated to the Coptic language in the second century.\n\nThe Greek revealed what the hieroglyphs meant, but nobody had spoken the ancient Egyptian language for at least eight centuries, so it was impossible to establish the sound of the Egyptian words.\n\nEgyptian culture declined and disappeared nearly two thousand years ago. The Coptic Christians were originally well founded in theology, and other churches in cities throughout the Roman Empire looked up to them with great admiration and respect, willingly following their lead in doctrinal like-mindedness and unity.The word Copt is derived from the Greek word Aigyptos, which was, in turn, derived from \"Hikaptah\", one of the names for Memphis, the first capital of Ancient Egypt.\n\n\nCoptic or Coptic Egyptian (Met Remenkēmi) is the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the century. Egyptian began to be written in the Coptic alphabet – an adaptation of the Greek scrip. The Coptic Language is the name used to refer to the last stage of the written Egyptian language.\n\nThe Decipherment of Hieroglyphs\n\n\n“No limit may be set to art, neither is there any craftsman that is fully master of his craft” The Instruction of Ptahhotep Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic writing, numerals and mathematical problems using the ancient numbers and the Rosetta stone.\n\nThe Copts, adherents of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, today represent the largest Christian community in the Middle East, and their presiding bishops have been. Ancient Egypt, or the Egyptian Empire, was a society that began about BC, and lasted until 20 BC when it was invaded by the Roman Empire.\n\n\nCoptic egyptian writing and art\nRated 5/5 based on 34 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8825498819351196}
+{"content": "Zombie Ethics: Examining Human Morality Before & During the Zombie Apocalypse\n\n\n“If we are born with a good nature, then it is society that corrupts us, and if we are born with a bad nature, society is what keeps our desire to commit evil at bay.”1\n\nPhilosophers have argued for centuries whether or not humans are born inherently good or evil. No matter which side of the argument you defend, it is an undisputable fact that when faced with apocalypse and the dissolution of society, actions once considered drastic become the norm as humans struggle to survive. This reversal of moral codes is explored well within the zombie genre. Flesh-eating monsters are an ever present threat within zombie media, but perhaps the greatest challenges are the repugnant choices humans are faced with - choices such as murder, theft, cannibalism, and many more sacrifices of morality. With the rise of zombies in our popular culture within the last few decades, there have been increasingly realistic and profound depictions of the world reacting to a zombie apocalypse. We center upon examples of these depictions here, through critical discourse analysis of select scenes from The Walking Dead, The Zombie Survival Guide, and World War Z. As a result of our analysis, we make predictions as to how humans will fare in the apocalypse. This is significant because our exploration of the landscape of zombie media illustrates not only the nature of humankind, but also the contemporary issues of racism that we face today, specifically in the U.S.\n\n\n“Shoot first, ask questions about morality later.”\n\nStructural racism is the combined results of institutionalized practice and learned behavior. For the sake of this essay, racism will be defined as\n\n“the normalization and legitimization of an array of dynamics – historical, cultural, institutional and interpersonal – that routinely advantage Whites while producing cumulative and chronic adverse outcomes for people of color”.2\n\nThe adverse outcomes of structural racism surface in the inordinate amount of unarmed Black men being murdered by police throughout the U.S. One of the reasons this is such a prevalent issue is widespread acceptance of negative stereotypes associated with Black males. For example, the superpredator stereotype holds that Black males, no matter their size, are more dangerous than their white counterparts.\n\n“For example, Black men are more likely than White men to be misremembered as carrying a weapon , are more likely to facilitate the visual recognition of a weapon, are more likely to be shot mistakenly in a virtual crime scenario while holding an innocent object such as a soda can , and are more likely to activate concepts related to crime.” 3\n\nThis study by Wilson, Hugenberg, and Rule (2017)gives insight into how police and others justify the murder of Black males based on the perception that they are larger and more formidable than their White counterparts. Given how racist practices like this surface everyday in American society, we predict racism will continue to surface in post-apocalyptic settings after the collapse of a society. Although society in America has not yet fallen apart, accurate predictions of human behavior can be drawn from previous cases in history where American society was on the brink of collapse. For example, both World Wars I and II were considered to be a “total war”, or a war that required the combined efforts of the entire population and resources of the entire country to win. This meant that people of color, women, and people of all gender identities were involved in the wartime effort. These two wars were the closest America has come to losing a global conflict on our own soil, and despite this, minorities were viciously oppressed during and after both World Wars. In the Digital History of World War II, there are many accounts of Americans of color being systematically excluded on the basis of their race.\n\n“During the war, the Marines excluded Blacks, the Navy used them as servants, and the Army created separate Black regiments commanded mostly by white officers. The Red Cross even segregated blood plasma.” 4\n\nMorality was at an extreme low and human rights continued to be violated during the two most deadly wars in American history, so the idea that human nature would become altruistic during an apocalypse is highly improbable. In fact, without the laws in place today that guarantee inalienable human rights, America’s moral compass could only become worse.\n\nDale and T-Dawg in TWD\n\nThe Walking Dead follows sheriff Rick Grimes, who awakens from a coma to discover a world overrun by zombies, commonly referred to as “walkers”. Grimes eventually reunites with his family and becomes the leader of a band he forms with other survivors in the Atlanta area. Together, they struggle to survive and adapt to a post-apocalyptic world filled with walkers and opposing groups of survivors, who are often more dangerous than the walkers themselves.\n\nIn Season 2, Episode 1 (2011) of The Walking Dead, T Dawg expresses fear for his life not only as a human attempting to survive the zombie apocalypse, but also as a Black man trying to survive in the American South . T Dawg is not making these claims without reason, as he was called the n-word and was assaulted by Meryl, a bigoted White southern male survivor. In a private conversation with Dale, T Dawg expresses his concerns for his immediate safety, drawing attention to his vulnerable status as the only black survivor he knows.\n\nT Dawg: What are you, 70?\n\nDale: 64.\n\nT Dawg: Uh-huh, and I am the one Black guy. Realize how precarious that makes my situation?\n\nDale: What the hell are you talking about?\n\nT Dawg: I am talking about two good-old-boy cowboy sheriffs and a redneck whose brother cut off his own hand because I dropped a key. Who in that scenario you think is gonna be first to get lynched?\n\nDale: You can not be serious. Am I– Hey, am I missing something? 5\n\nThis scene is particularly powerful because it allows viewers to experience what race relations outside of a structured society might be like. Dale, a middle aged White male, refuses to acknowledge T Dawg’s concerns about racism, and defends Meryl without even acknowledging his well established racist actions. The refusal to acknowledge problematic power structures has continued for centuries in the U.S, and we have good reason to suspect that this trend will continue during an apocalypse as well.\n\nEthics in Human and Zombie History\n\nThe Zombie Survival Guide, published in 2003, is a fictional but comprehensive guide to surviving in a zombie-infested world. It presents an alternative history set in the real world. The author Max Brooks describes prevailing attitudes that Europeans had during periods of colonial expansion. Jean Beart Lacoutour, a French businessman, describes in a letter how the French colonists would force the residents of Indochina (or modern Vietnam) to fight in a cage with zombies for the entertainment of the French.\n\n“A living human is placed in a cage with one of these creatures. Our human has with him only a small blade, perhaps eight centimeters at most… Will he survive his waltz with the living corpse? If so, how long will he last?”6\n\nAs this excerpt shows, the French had no regard for the safety of their colonial subjects, as they would treat their lives as a source of entertainment. The colonists notoriously committed dozens of human rights violations towards the people they exploited, and this excerpt demonstrates that racism or cultural superiority of a cruel nature can still persist during a situation as grave as a zombie apocalypse.\n\nWorld War Z\n\nAcceptable Forms of Cannibalism\n\nCannibalism has been present throughout human history, but it has long since been declared taboo. While there may not be specific laws that criminalise the act of cannibalism, there are many that prevent it indirectly. Nevertheless, it is only during times of peace and societal stability that cannibalism is frowned upon. An exception to this is the ‘Custom of the Sea’, which states that when shipwrecked, survivors are legally able to draw lots to see who will be cannibalized to ensure the survival of the others. During the apocalypse presented in World War Z, however, the global stance on eating other human beings drastically changed, as cannibalism became necessary for people to outlast prolonged periods of food shortages.\n\nIn World War Z, cannibalism was essential to the survival of one particular family unit. Jesika, the protagonist of one particular chapter in the book, describes to the narrator how her family became cannibals in order to fend off starvation. At first, when the situation seemed like it would get better, Jesika describes their predicament as one giant camping trip.\n\n“We all sang around the campfires at night, these giant bonfires of logs stacked up on one another.”7\n\nHowever, once they ran out of food, people turned on one another fairly quickly, and the situation became dire. The decision to eat people was a difficult choice for Jesika’s parents, one they debated viciously the night they first tried human flesh. However, as they valued their survival over their morals, they ultimately gave in. “No more fights, no more shooting. By Christmas Day there was plenty of food.” When first reading this chapter, we thought of it as no more than another interesting tale among numerous others in this book. However, upon further investigation, we began to regard this chapter as a social experiment that stood out, as it explores what life would be like if we were to remove societal norms and restrictions to our behavior.\n\nRedeker Plan\n\nThe Redeker Plan is a long-term survival plan masterminded by Paul Redeker, a character in Max Brooks’ novel World War Z. It originated from Plan Orange Eighty-Four, which was a plan to save the White minority in South Africa in case the African majorities rebelled. A cold and widely criticized plan, the Redeker Plan features the intentional sacrifice of a significant part of the population so that a “chosen” lot of people can survive in a secluded safe zone. It even features the government replenishing the sacrificial colonies with more people to keep the zombie distracted continuously. As it stemmed from the salvation of a racist minority, it is no surprise that the Redeker Plan was designed to only save a small population of “chosen individuals”.\n\n“Those who were left behind were to be herded into special isolated zones. They were to be human bait, distracting the undead from following the retreating army to their safe zone. Redeker argued that these isolated, uninfected refugees must be kept alive, well defended and even resupplied, if possible, so as to keep the undead hordes firmly rooted to the spot.”7\n\nAlthough the Redeker plan follows common principles of utilitarianism, it still shows little or no regard for the individual human life. In the Zombie World War, the role of power in determining the matters of survival is well explored with implmentation of the Redeker Plan. Paul Redeker, pioneer of the Redeker Plan, was publicly hated and ostracized, as that sort of plan seems outrageous when proposed in today’s society. However, days into the zombie outbreak, the South African government called in Paul Redeker to execute the plan. Although the plan was heartless, it was a well-thought out and shockingly effective method that prolonged the survival of South Africans. In today’s reality, governments, intelligence agencies and authoritative figures have taken action that demonstrates their belief that some loss of life is justifiable as a means to an end, as seen in World War II. Because of this, it is not farfetched to assume the American government would abandon the majority of its own population to ensure the survival of the elite minority. If this were proposed today, the response would be almost all opposed at the outset, but perhaps a combination of time and desperation would change the mind of the public. This goes to show that World War Z is an astonishing but a well thought-out simulation of a zombie outbreak, which shows us that when faced with global catastrophe, our morals might be put on the back burner.\n\n\nAn inescapable consequence of the zombie apocalypse would be the death of countless human beings. As a result we consider the dissolution of society and the change in our morality - how does this mentality affect the long-term strategy that we use to endure the zombie outbreak?\n\nA common thread that we have explored in our seminar Languages of Fear, Racism and Zombies is the notion of savagery and civility. We compared different groups of people, cannibals and zombies, and placed them on the cline of ‘savagery’. We discovered that while the concept of civilisation has long been tied to society, norms, and delicate sensibilities, what might really help us understand what this means is examining a circumstance of apocalyptic proportions. Maybe only when faced with the task of rebuilding our lives can we really consider what it means to be civilised and what the fundamentals of societies are.\n\nKey questions that this essay has considered concern whether humans are inherently good or bad, and also society’s influence upon our behavior. We have argued that our moral compass will spin south during the apocalypse, but historic periods of colonization, as with French Indochina, or circumstances of total war, as in World War II, suggest that humans have not shown much regard for life in the first place. Furthermore, numerous examples of racism in history and fictional zombie accounts suggest that power structures that promote racism may be too deeply embedded within societal structures to simply vanish with the collapse of American society. In 1964, the Civil Rights Act prohibited laws that encouraged segregation, yet ideologies of racism and white supremacy are still prevalent over 50 years later. Despite the prohibition of segregation, minority groups have continued to face brutal acts of discrimination. This is evident in all walks of life, from the alarming statistics of Black Americans killed by the police to the discrimination of minorities within the American military that still occur today.\n\nPerhaps when we first considered the zombie apocalypse, we would think that the dissolution of society will be accompanied by the dissolution of all its ills - White supremacy, elitism, corruption and sexism. However, historical evidence suggests that perhaps these manifestations of structural inequity may be too deeply embedded within society, and each one of us, for these to be completely overcome.\n\n  1. Stafford, Tom. “BBC - Future - Are we naturally good or bad?” BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 10 May 2017.\n\n  2. Lawrence, Kieth, and Terry Keheler. “Structural Racism.” N.p., 2004. Web.\n\n  3. Wilson, J. P., Hugenberg, K., & Rule, N. O. (2017, March 13). Racial Bias in Judgments of Physical Size and Formidability: From Size to Threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000092\n\n  4. “Social Changes During the War.” Digital History. N.p., 2016. Web. 03 May 2017.\n\n  5. Moore, Tony, Charlie Adhard, Frank Darabont, and Robert Kirkman. “Bloodletting.” The Walking Dead. 23 Oct. 2011. Television. Transcript.\n\n  6. Brooks, Max. The Zombie Survival Guide: Complete Protection from the Living Dead. Baltimore: Cemetery Dance Publications, 2014. Print.\n\n  7. Brooks, Max. World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War. New York: Broadway Paperbacks, 2006. Print. 2", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9396980404853821}
+{"content": "Is there a personal production plan? That is one of the most significant steps to consider before you run of to the starting line. An individual ever see first class athletes start out their races without surfing the necessary preparation first.\n\nIf you are like most people, you may just want to become rounded in fields rather than their own daily work. I had heard most people say that they want to develop the success quality of the richest and I have heard other folks say that that they just want to gain more expertise on a enthusiasm, hobby or just expanding on previous educational knowledge.\n\nFor some reason doesn’t subject the reason for growing yourself, the point is it would be easier if you write a personal development plan to follow to determine when you have accomplished your goals. Your own development plan becomes just like a road map to hold you on target and here you can find a guide in order to write your own approach easily and quickly. Get some blank sheets of paper or simply type out your intend on your computer following these five easy steps: The first step : Write out your statement of intentions. This could be what you aim to accomplish by developing your self. Beginning with this at the head of the plan you will not ever lose picture of what you would like to accomplish and you should know just exactly when you have obtained your goals. Step two: Put writing instrument to paper and document the areas you have accomplished a long way. Usually this kind of maybe your next or third attempt at growing yourself hence write out everything you have done just before on your path to developing your self.\n\nThis will make certain you don’t look at that stuff and that keeps your focus on the things you have not achieved as yet. 3: What are the areas that you want to coat next? Make an effort as much as you cannot to copy the areas that you wrote down in step a couple of above. On the other hand feel free to change things right from step 2 if you need to refresh your storage on themes that were performed a long time ago. Step 4: Setting date ranges helps you to gain your goals more rapidly. Jot down the dates that you just intend to satisfy your objectives in each area that is covered in the step 3; this can help you to stay preoccupied with your goals. Step five: As you connect with your goals in coordination 3, highlight them as being completed so you would know when you are applying more than enough effort to reaching the targets by intended aim for dates. Notice that wasn’t hard at all was it? You now have the knowledge needed to set a pretty good self improvement plan. A few review the steps shall we: # Create a very detailed statement of intentions. Bear in mind this is the foundation of the whole procedure so put some feeling in it.\n\n# Write down the things already accomplished up to this point. They are your earlier attempts with no plan- so that you won’t midsection time discussing previous understanding. # Compose what areas you want to gain knowledge in or extend your existing knowledge. # Write the times for which you is going to accomplish every single area to be covered. # When you connect with your targets, make a note of that next to the area that you have got covered. # Make a variety of copies so you can stick all of them up in places where you spend a lot of time. This will likely serve as simple guidelines and also motivation. Now you discover how to write a self improvement plan of your. I wish the finest of good luck on your quest on attaining wisdom. Just simply put in the necessary effort and you may feel completed when you reach your goals.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8850385546684265}
+{"content": "Member of BannerPower Rotation System\n\n\nThe fruits of a sacred peach, located in the Chinese Garden of Immortality, allow souls who eat of it to regenerate. Unfortunately, the fruit ripens only once every three hundred years. Some Chinese also believed that a Ghost Gateway existed within the branches of a massive specimen with a trunk that was 3000 lis (or about a mile) wide. A gang of watchmen fed particularly nasty ghosts to their pet tigers, who possessed the singular ability of discerning the good spirits from the bad ones.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9997557997703552}
+{"content": "Addiction Intervention\n\nLife Changes Start Here\n\nWhen people think about interventions, they think about the specific substance. They think about someone who is going through an alcohol intervention. They think about someone who is going through a drug intervention. They often fail to think about the basis behind the intervention itself, however. The interventions all revolve around the idea of addiction. Addiction is the main reason that interventions are needed. This is true for all of the different substances that someone can abuse. By fully understanding addiction and an intervention for it, you can make sure that you know how you can best help someone who you believe is in need of an addiction intervention.\n\nWhat is an Addiction?\n\nWhen people think about an addiction, they think about something that someone cannot live without. What they fail to realize is that it is something that is in their body, and something that can be incredibly hard to deal with once the addiction happens. The body feels like it both needs and craves whatever the addictive substance is. When the body needs it, the person constantly goes toward it, and will feel sick if they do not. This is why an addiction is so hard to kick without an addiction intervention; it is completely engrained in the body as a normal action, no matter how detrimental it can be.\n\nWho Needs an Intervention?\n\nIt can be incredibly easy to say that anyone who has an addiction is going to need an addiction intervention. What they fail to realize is that this statement may not always be true. There are such things as small addictions and large ones. People who have small addictions may be able to kick them on their own, or kick them with the help of friends. When people wind up going through an addiction intervention, it is because the addiction is so large, and so strong, that it is the only option left available to make sure that they can become healthy once again.\n\nFinding the Right Intervention\n\nWhen you have decided that someone you know needs to have an addiction intervention, you need to make sure that you find the best one possible. You need to make sure that you are looking for a professional who is going to bring you directly toward the best help possible. You are going to want to make sure that you find someone who is tuned into the needs of those with an addiction, as well as their actions and reactions.\n\nA lot of people tend to think of an addiction intervention as something that is completely removed from the other types of interventions. What they fail to realize is that it is a part of every intervention possible. An addiction intervention is simply something that make sure that someone is taking the right steps toward getting over an addiction, whatever it may be. It is the most extreme form of help, but it is often what is needed to make sure that action is taken, and taken in the right direction.\n\nDrug Free\n\nTreatment Centers & Meetings\n\nDetroit Drug Addiction Recovery\n\nCreditsDetroit Drug Addiction RecoveryWhen people are going through serious drug addiction, they will often find themselves in different areas. They will find themselves in detox and in rehab, and in various programs that aim to help them to overcome the issue and become a normal member of...", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5785678625106812}
+{"content": "Main Points:\n\n\n·      Doing a budget every month puts you in control of your money\n\n·      Cash is powerful (it is easier to lose track of how much you spend when you use a debit or credit card).\n\n·      Understand the difference between what you need (i.e. groceries, gas, clothing, etc.) and what you want (entertainment, Starbucks, new laptop, etc.).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9967097640037537}
+{"content": "Angelo Santucci FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more!\n\nDrag and drop drag and drop finger icon boxes to rearrange!\n\nWho is Angelo Santucci? Biography, gossip, facts?\n\nAngelo Santucci (born December 19 1952 in Hamilton Ontario) is a former Canadian Football League player who played as a running back for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats Edmonton Eskimos and Ottawa Rough Riders from 1975 to 1984. Some of his career highlights include being the Most Outstanding Rookie nominee in 1975 for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and winning five Grey Cup Championships with Edmonton Eskimos from 1978 to 1982.\n\nWhen is Angelo Santucci's birthday?\n\nAngelo Santucci was born on the , which was a Friday. Angelo Santucci will be turning 66 in only 6 days from today.\n\nHow old is Angelo Santucci?\n\nAngelo Santucci is 65 years old. To be more precise (and nerdy), the current age as of right now is 23748 days or (even more geeky) 569952 hours. That's a lot of hours!\n\nAre there any books, DVDs or other memorabilia of Angelo Santucci? Is there a Angelo Santucci action figure?\n\nWe would think so. You can find a collection of items related to Angelo Santucci right here.\n\nWhat is Angelo Santucci's zodiac sign and horoscope?\n\nAngelo Santucci's zodiac sign is Sagittarius.\nThe ruling planet of Sagittarius is Jupitor. Therefore, lucky days are Thursdays and lucky numbers are: 3, 12, 21 and 30. Violet, Purple, Red and Pink are Angelo Santucci's lucky colors. Typical positive character traits of Sagittarius include: Generosity, Altruism, Candour and Fearlessness. Negative character traits could be: Overconfidence, Bluntness, Brashness and Inconsistency.\n\nIs Angelo Santucci gay or straight?\n\nMany people enjoy sharing rumors about the sexuality and sexual orientation of celebrities. We don't know for a fact whether Angelo Santucci is gay, bisexual or straight. However, feel free to tell us what you think! Vote by clicking below.\n0% of all voters think that Angelo Santucci is gay (homosexual), 100% voted for straight (heterosexual), and 0% like to think that Angelo Santucci is actually bisexual.\n\nIs Angelo Santucci still alive? Are there any death rumors?\n\nYes, according to our best knowledge, Angelo Santucci is still alive. And no, we are not aware of any death rumors. However, we don't know much about Angelo Santucci's health situation.\n\nWhere was Angelo Santucci born?\n\nAngelo Santucci was born in Hamilton Ontario.\n\nIs Angelo Santucci hot or not?\n\nWell, that is up to you to decide! Click the \"HOT\"-Button if you think that Angelo Santucci is hot, or click \"NOT\" if you don't think so.\nnot hot\n0% of all voters think that Angelo Santucci is hot, 0% voted for \"Not Hot\".\n\nWho are similar football players to Angelo Santucci?\n\nAlvord Wolff, Shea Emry, Mark Restelli, Glenn MacKay and Simeon Rottier are football players that are similar to Angelo Santucci. Click on their names to check out their FAQs.\n\nWhat is Angelo Santucci doing now?\n\nSupposedly, 2018 has been a busy year for Angelo Santucci. However, we do not have any detailed information on what Angelo Santucci is doing these days. Maybe you know more. Feel free to add the latest news, gossip, official contact information such as mangement phone number, cell phone number or email address, and your questions below.\n\nDoes Angelo Santucci do drugs? Does Angelo Santucci smoke cigarettes or weed?\n\nIt is no secret that many celebrities have been caught with illegal drugs in the past. Some even openly admit their drug usuage. Do you think that Angelo Santucci does smoke cigarettes, weed or marijuhana? Or does Angelo Santucci do steroids, coke or even stronger drugs such as heroin? Tell us your opinion below.\n0% of the voters think that Angelo Santucci does do drugs regularly, 0% assume that Angelo Santucci does take drugs recreationally and 0% are convinced that Angelo Santucci has never tried drugs before.\n\nAre there any photos of Angelo Santucci's hairstyle or shirtless?\n\n\nWhat is Angelo Santucci's net worth in 2018? How much does Angelo Santucci earn?\n\nAccording to various sources, Angelo Santucci's net worth has grown significantly in 2018. However, the numbers vary depending on the source. If you have current knowledge about Angelo Santucci's net worth, please feel free to share the information below.\nAs of today, we do not have any current numbers about Angelo Santucci's net worth in 2018 in our database. If you know more or want to take an educated guess, please feel free to do so above.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5199853181838989}
+{"content": "Please when calling about this property , provide this reference number:P4713404 4 Bedrooms |2/0 Baths 2,040 Square Feet Built in 1979 FANTASTIC BUY...INVESTOR SPECIAL..... TWO homes on 2.7 fenced acres. Main home is a 4 BRM 2 BA. Split floor plan wood laminate floors, inside laundry, living and family rooms with a wooded view in back. Second home is a 3 bedroom 1 bath, Needs TLC. For some peace and quite homes can not been seen directly from the road. No HOA and high and dry. Each home has it's own septic and a shared well. The pool needs a new liner or can be removed. Great for investment income. Private gated entrance. AMENITIES ***Interior*** 1. A/C-Central 2 .HEAT/FUEL-Central,Fuel - Electric 3. FLOOR COVERING-Carpet, Ceramic Tile, Laminate ***Exterior*** 1. CONSTRUCTION-Siding,Wood Frame 2. One Story, Out of M/H Community 3. Balcony/Sun Deck, Detached In-Law Suite, Fenced, Parking - Rv/Boat, Patio/Porch/Deck Open, Rental Apartment, Satellite Dish, Utility Shed 4. Pool Features:Heated Spa ***Community*** 1. HOA -None 2. Elementary School-Frostproof Elem 3. Middle School-Frostproof Middle 4. High School-Frostproof Middle ***KELLER WILLIAMS REALTY OF WH POSTS PROPERTIES FOR A 30 DAY PERIOD OF TIME. DUE TO CURRENT HIGH DEMAND OF PROPERTIES FOR SALE, SOME PROPERTIES ADVERTISED MAY BE WITHDRAWN, CANCELLED, RENTED, PENDING, OR SOLD WITHIN THE PAST 30 DAYS. ALL INFORMATION IS DEEMED TO BE CORRECT, BUT NOT GUARANTEED. Contact Information: STEPHANIE MEYER Phone: 863-332-2638 Listing Provided By:Keller Williams Realty of WH Listing Agent:Rick DePalma\nUpdated 7-Nov-2017\nViewed 0 times today, 20 in the last 30 days", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.918924868106842}
+{"content": "I love my partner, but they’re making me crazy!\n\nAre you in that love – hate relationship that is having constant conflict? Are you in emotional turmoil most of the time over this relationship? Do you miss the romantic spark you once felt? Maybe you are getting along, but you feel it’s only because you don’t speak up about your feelings, for fear it will develop into an argument. Whatever your relationship problem, there is hope for a positive future. There is good news about this, and also bad news.\n\nThe good news is, you DESERVE to have your needs met. You are worthy to be heard and feel understood. You are valuable, and your feelings do matter. You can have a blissful, romantic, fun, friendship and companion who meets your needs and rocks your world. So, that’s all the good news. Moving on to the not-so-good part…\n\nIn order to experience positive, flowing, fun, non-combative, friendship and romance, you have to understand this very important belief and absorb this belief into your deepest counsciousness. You must accept and agree with this belief. For some, this may be shocking. For other’s it may be just what the Doctor ordered. Many people will have a hard time accepting this belief as a serious truth. Here is the first step in positive relationships:\n\n~Never allow your need for affection or affirmation; nor your fear of being alone to over ride your ability to prevent emotional connection to someone who does not meet your needs.~\n\nInterestingly enough, the first step in qualifying someone for dating exclusively, is learning as much about them as you can. I had a close friend once who would meet someone interesting, and upon my asking how that new friendship was going, he replied, “oh, she wasn’t my model number!”\n\nHabits and Behaviors that occur during dating (good or bad in your view) will usually multiply upon living together or in marriage. Evaluation should be the mission during infatuation! To clearly establish if someone meets the preferences that align with your needs (or not) indicates you are confident with your own personal path. How could being physically attracted to someone just majically work if you haven’t figured out your own course for life? Maybe you haven’t settled on a career path- or you’ve decided on taking 3 months to hike and sight-see Europe, wouldn’t it be great to know that a person would support your goals or aspirations? If your dream is to live and work in a foriegn city for a year- or do an internship in a busy city, but your love interest is passionate on a farm in the mountains living off-grid, you may need to reconsider getting serious. Geographical incompatibilities are just one area, there are of course, many other preferrences of people to learn about! Having clarity for yourself and knowing what your deepest values and needs would be from a partner, speaks volumes for your confidence level. Relationships have a higher success rate if individuals allow theirself time to become friends and establish a deep understanding of each others inner charachter before becoming emotionally connected. It’s important to understand though, that it’s not our job to mold or change someone so our needs are met. The right emotionally balanced and mature person should meet your needs naturally- for the most part- because they love you.\n\nIndividuals who can clearly state what they like, what they don’t like, and have courage and confidence to speak up for their needs, are much more likely to be satisfied in a realtionship, versus someone unable to speak up for what they want. Many times people can not speak up for what they need because they don’t even know! You can’t expect someone else to love you if you don’t love yourself enough to have a plan for your life! How would you know if someone WOULD fit along side you and your mission- if you don’t even know what it is yet?\n\nOnce you’ve discovered your calling, you can gage so easily, (when you’re attracted to someone and you begin talking)- if there could be a potential connection that develops. You would know because a potential dating partner should respond to your interests with enthusiasm, supportive gestures, helpful ideas and be your biggest fan.\n\nIf you are in a relationship where your personal needs are not met, and you have expressed what they are (and they are reasonable, doable, and not crazy, costly, immoral or illegal!) then you may need to reconsider how long you plan to stay in an uncomfortable relationship that is constantly resistant to meeting your needs.\nMaybe, your needs are not about you. In other words, you’re desiring change in your partner because that change will somehow be more pleasant to you. In your partners life, however, their behavior is comfortable. The change you seek is considered your ‘preference’ (not a personal need) and is in conflict with your partner’s ‘preference’. Here’s a common Example: You prefer no alcohol. Your partner drinks. This can cause serious lifestyle conflicts. The only way a couple with these differing values could grow in a positive way, is for one or the other to “give up” their preference, and honor their word, consistantly. So either the non-drinker accepts the drinker -and all the lifestyle choices that go along with that (over-indulgence with drinking from time to time, spending extra money on alcohol, socially partaking, etc) or, the drinker quits and goes along with lifestyle choices supporting the sobriety. There is no grey area here- unless both people remain in their preferred lifestyle choice; which would mean breaking up or divorcing; or staying together with constant conflict.\n\nAnother example is a couple who is unequally yoked spiritually. One is an avid church goer, one is not. But if one person continues to try and judge or change their partner due to the difference (could be either partner here) it doesn’t feel good- one feels resistance on a consistant basis. However, if both parties agree on the situation, it can be a non-issue. If they can not agree- it means resistance continues; or to avoid resistance on a consistant basis- one partner decides they do not want to live with that resistance over a vast difference in values. The only way to live with a partner having a different value or lifestyle choice is to accept it- and make no resistance over it, or determine that value is unacceptable to you, to the point of it being completely unbearable – and get out of the relationship.\n\nBefore getting out, (if thats your decision) it is a good idea to express to your partner what your very serious ‘need or preference’ is and express that the future of staying together depends on it. Someone who loves you and wants to be with you, someone who respects you and your lifestyle, will either comply, or choose their preference over you. But, respectfully accept this, because this means at least they have clarity for what they value and need.\n\nPositive relationships will have situations that feel resistance, but they shouldn’t be continual. If resistance continues, over the same differences for long periods of time; it simply means someone, after agreeing to a solution, has broken their word. It is important to know if you are someone who can continue forgiving and restarting new committments, or if this is unbearable.\n\nCounseling can help individuals- if a person is consistant to seek guidance.\n\nRemember this…\n\n~The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over, but expecting different results~\n\nKnow yourself, know your needs. Honoring yourself is vital before you can successfully unite with someone in an exclusive relationship. And, never try changing people. Inspire them by sharing your convictions- but know when it’s a fit or time for a flight!\n\n~LifeCoach Annalisa O’Toole\n\nFor more info on #relationships visit http://www.annalisaotoole.wordpress.com\n\n\nIs my partner happy in our #relationship?\n\n\nWondering if the person you’re dating is happy in the relationship? This is a common concern among many people. A person in a relationship will usually have concerns about this at the beginning of the relationship, because they may have feelings they have not expressed; or, the person their dating hasn’t expressed their feelings.  To ease dater’s minds about how to know for sure, if the person your seeing is totally into you, I completed a list of common signs to look for. This list is made up of things that your partner will do, so you know for sure…they are experiencing happiness and contentment in the relationship.\n\nFirst, they reach out! THEY CALL, TEXT, EMAIL, FACETIME, SKYPE, or send SNAIL MAIL….and they initiate contact consistently. Someone into you will want to reach out often and keep in touch. The amount of someone’s correspondence, or how many times a day they reach out, will vary. The thing to recognize here, though, is that they WILL reach out, and do it with some consistency. Here is an example of a warning sign with this particular action: If you hear from them on Monday, and you are the only reaching out for say, the next 3-5 days, they just might not be that into you.\n\nNext, If the person you’re dating is happy, they will listen to you.  If someone is listening, they will respond with great feedback, great idea’s, and you feel as though they ‘get’ you, and understand, and enjoy conversations. Couples probably won’t run out of things to talk about and share if both people are happy in the relationship. It’s when there is the awkward silence, or arguments happen a lot, or neither partner seems to be able to get on the same page of understanding, that trouble can begin on the horizon. Someone who is not that into you will not be as attentive, may not remember important things you say, and seem distant much of the time. Someone who seems easily distracted by you most of the time, may be a sign, they are losing interest or they are no longer emotionally connected. If they demonstrate these behaviors, it doesn’t always mean they are tired, stressed, or worried (they often will use these as reasons) but truthfully, they could possibly be getting bored, or have lost interest in you.\n\n(key tip here: don’t get angry if someone is showing signs of not being into you. No one ever stays in love or falls ‘back into’ love because their partner gets angry. People have their preferences; if your personality or lifestyle isn’t their model number; you don’t want them anyway! You want someone to ADORE how you are! Be transparently you! \n\nWhen someone’s really happy in their relationship, they will always initiate wanting to spend time with their partner. But, here’s the clue: it isn’t time that you request -(sure, if they are into you, they will try to accommodate that too) but the real test is when they are initiating the request to be with you, often, say at least once a week or so. If they are suggesting a plan or asking for you both to spend time together, this is a definite sign they are happy and want to be with you!\n\nWhenever someone is really happy in a relationship, they will ‘edify’ this relationship with others. This means, they are proud to be with you, and they do not hesitate at all to have you around their friends or family (with a new relationship, this may take a little time before occurring, that is normal, reasonable, and should be expected. ) If they are talking positively about you to others, they are possibly posting pics of events you are at together, pics of the two of you, ect…this is a sure bet, they are into you.  Now, don’t judge a person being happy or unhappy by posts, certainly don’t do that; some people are private, and they may just not be the ‘social media-I post-everything-type’. But, there are other ways in which they can ‘share’ their joy of being with you. Taking pictures for their own personal phone or use is a good indicator they are happy. Speaking highly of you in front of others when you are standing there, that’s awesome. Or, if you hear back from someone on how highly they spoke of you when you weren’t around…that’s even more awesome!\n\nIf someone is happy with you, really happy with you, they won’t always seek their own agenda. For example, if they call you often, but it’s because you always foot the bill.. (say for example, that maybe they have been without a job for quite some time, and they need something each time they call; that is a serious red flag.) Always be sharp enough to know the difference between them wanting to be ‘with’ you, verses, them ‘needing’ you. Another example of this would be if they only call late at night, and want to come over without pre-planning, often. They most definitely could have a romantic agenda, but don’t you feel you are worth some notice, and your time should be respected? Do they just want some lovin’, touchin’, squeezin’ time, or do they actually want to spend time doing other activities through the week with you? Did someone else cancel the plan, so maybe you are plan B? Are you OK with being the spur of the moment type of partner?  I always preferred a partner who valued my time and requested it ahead of time. I deserve that, do you?\n\n~You will always be treated in a relationship, in the manner in which you feel deserving of.~\n\nI’m not saying never to be spontaneous; that is fun! But, if a guy or gal isn’t requesting your presence ahead of time, (asking you out) you might just be being used for a good time at their discretion, not because they are really into you. Beware of the self-seekers!\n\nLast but not least, a wonderful example of someone who is totally happy with you is the partner who TELLS YOU and SHOWS YOU that they are!! This can be verbalized and demonstrated in many ways. Love notes, meaningful conversations, gifts, (big or small), special acts of kindness are all examples of loving gestures. If they remember your meet date, or birthday, if they get you a little gift for no reason, these are all acts of kindness that really show appreciation for not just you, but for the relationship. Consider yourself lucky if you have a thoughtful partner who doesn’t take you for granted, and does the little things, because really…those are the BIG THINGS that show happiness.\n\nHere is one last tip: Some people SAY they are happy, they offer gifts, offer time, do most of the things on this list, however, one partner may be a nag or have constant unmet expectations. One of the biggest relationship mistakes a partner makes is trying to ‘change’ someone. If a lover is truly happy with their partner, they wouldn’t need to change them. Trying to make someone live up to a set of expectations is only hurting themselves.  If someone continues to try and change their partner;  there’s a highly likely chance, the two are not true soul mates. ~\n\nFor more #realtionshipadvice, follow this blog. Remember, you can always email a question to possibly be featured on this blog (no names used, of course!) Email your question to:     lifecoachannalisa@gmail.com.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7214013338088989}
+{"content": "There are performers who catch your attention not through glitz and glamor, but through the craftsmanship and quiet beauty of their work. These are the lifers, the ones who amass a body of work, releasing album after remarkable album and do it an everyday way, like other folks cook dinner. Coty Hogue is one of them. She is not the sort of person to draw attention to herself, but when she opens her mouth, you have no choice but to sit up and listen.\n\nCoty began performing in her early twenties, while hosting a popular folk radio show in Bellingham, WA. Over the next few years, Coty played all over, traded songs with anyone she could find, and learned how to play any stringed instrument she could get her hands on. She immersed herself in the Appalachian tradition, studying with Ginny Hawker, and released her first album “To the West” in 2009. A mix of old gems and a few originals, this was her first collaboration with guitarist Aaron Guest (Polecat). The album charted at #1 on the FOLK-DJ charts for the song \"Going To The West.\" Fiddler Kat Bula (Thimble vs. Needle) joined shortly thereafter.\n\nIn 2012, Coty released “When We Get to Shore,” a live recording that featured the trio hooking their minimalist arrangements around everything from Bruce Springsteen to the old ballad “Handsome Molly,” and again topping the FOLK-DJ charts.\n\nCoty Hogue's third album “Flight,” released in spring 2016, is a departure from her previous work. It's the most intimate of her records, revealing an artist who has grown a little older and wiser. This growth is clear from the opening track “Run,” with its haunting fiddle flourishes and sense of something sought for, something lost. Coty synthesizes traditional styles while nodding to her contemporary influences, including songs by Lucinda Williams and Stevie Nicks. Continuing to work with her longtime collaborators Kat Bula and Aaron Guest, Coty adds appearances from acclaimed musicians Missy Raines (seven-time International Bluegrass Music Association Bluegrass Bass Player of the Year winner), John Mailander (IBMA Momentum Award nominee), and Molly Tuttle (2017 International Bluegrass Music Association Guitar Player of the Year).\n\n\nBio by: Jenn Hartman\n\n\"Coty Hogue is such an impressive young talent - an amazing powerful singer and instrumentalist - songwriter.  One foot is planted solidly in older traditions and the other moving forward into new musical worlds.  She is indeed, as has been described, a young woman with an old soul.\" \n~Grammy nominated ALICE GERRARD\n\nCoty Hogue snow", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.962382435798645}
+{"content": "hale and dorr , why PR matters\n\nhale and dorr , why PR matters\n\nno references required. please only use the information given from the attached files.\n\nplease read all the files attached and answer the below questions using the attached files information only. also please read the professor’s comments in red and blue colour in one of the files and answer the questions according to those questions as well.\n\nplease note that the file “Session 6” ae my answers. please make sure your answers are in line with them too.\n\nplease number each answer according to the related question written below.\n\nRegarding the Market Structure of Legal Services in the USA……\n\n1. What is the market structure for legal services in the US?\n\n2. How is it changing in terms of Demand behaviour, how is it affecting the “supply” side?\n\n3.What can players do, and how do they compete?\n\n4.What do you think is Hale & Dorr´s sales strategy interconnected with their compensation policy and hiring system?\n\n5. What are Burgess, Sherman and O´Reilly personal approach to sales, as described in Group B´s report?\n\nIn which way they differ from each other?\n\nWhat seems to be the most effective?\n\nCan these examples become “best practices” that could be transferred over the Firm?\n\n\nUnlike most other websites we deliver what we promise;\n\n  • Our Support Staff are online 24/7\n  • Our Writers are available 24/7\n  • Most Urgent order is delivered with 6 Hrs\n\n\nType of paper Academic level Subject area\nNumber of pages Paper urgency Cost per page:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9226005673408508}
+{"content": "Ten Best Trees and Shrubs for Wildlife\n\nPenn State Extension Urban Forestry Educator Julianne Schieffer presents selected trees and shrubs having growth and fruit characteristics wildlife find beneficial.\nTen Best Trees and Shrubs for Wildlife - Webinars\nLanguage: English\n\nStarting at FREE\n\nStarting at FREE\n\n\nNorma Jeanne Young\n\n\n\nFrequently Asked Questions\n\n\nHow do I access a webinar?\nHow long is a webinar?\nCan a recorded webinar be viewed multiple times?\nWhat materials will I need for a webinar?\nWhat devices and browsers are supported for webinars?\nIs there technical support for webinars?\nWho can sign up for a webinar?\nAre webinars accessible for people who require special needs or services?\nCan I register a group for a webinar?\nHow do I register for a webinar over the phone?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9185445308685303}
+{"content": "Attack the OF; permissible, Attack the EF; ANATHEMA!\n\n\nWhy does the condemnation of those who attack the EF regarded as anathema, but those who downtalk the OF apparently don’t suffer the same condemnation. It seems like the so-called “Traditionalists” think they are above reproach, while anybody who even dares to question their position on EF vs EO is tantamount to heresy?\n\n\nIdeally, nobody should be attacking either form of the Mass.\n\n\nRight both are good with the Church and they are both MASS!\n\n\nI think you could reverse your terms and ask the same question. But in any case, this is not the sort of discussion that ever goes anywhere productive, much less charitable.\n\nFlagged for moderation.\n\n\n\nIf I had to guess, I would say that some Traditionalists have gotten the feeling (rightly or wrongly) that they are “second-class citizens” in a way ever since the Second Vatican Council. Many of the clergy have not been supportive of the EF since V2 (although that has been changing). This causes them to be extremely defensive of the EF when others criticize it.\n\n\nThe thing is, I rarely see anyone actually criticize the EF beyond maybe saying they don’t like assisting at a Mass where they don’t understand the language. On the other hand I’ve seen people on here absolutely ripping the OF, complaining about practically every aspect of, some even saying that the OF is completely invalid. Practically every ill that afflicts the Church gets blamed on the OF Mass.\n\n\n\nI have hurled fire and brimstone in testament against this Thread.\n\n\nI will grant you that the EF is not as ripped into as the OF is by many Traditionalists. And Traditionalists are rather defense even about minute things.\n\nBut Sedevacantists are lumped into the “Traditionalist” group so you will have more of that.\n\n(I’m not saying that the OF doesn’t deserve criticism. I think the OF Mass needs some tuning especially in the run-of-the-mill Masses. But some folks are way out there in their criticism)\n\n\nThe thing is, when the EF was the only Mass it’s run-of-the-mill Masses needed fine tuning as well.\n\n\nTrue. It’s just that the OF Mass has only been around for 40 years. That’s an infinitesimally small time period in the Church. The EF Mass has been around for…longer than that. I think the OF will get there but it needs more work.\n\n\nCracks me up when I hear it called the “New” Mass. I’m like Dude, it’s been 50 years. It ain’t new any more.\n\n\nI’ve got a feeling it’s going to go down in the history books as the Novus Ordo. And people a thousand years from now will ask why it’s the “New Mass”. And the only response folks will have is that it’s new in relation to the Tridentine Mass. Clunky but hilarious.\n\n\nHonestly, the only people I see using that term are Trads, and they’re using it as a slur. Pretty much anyone else I’ve seen just call it “The Mass”, or less frequently “The OF”.\n\n\nMaybe it’s just me. :neutral_face:\n\n\nYou have to remember, for the vast majority of American Catholics it’s the only mass they’ve ever known.\n\n\nThat also might be a reason not many people criticize the EF. They don’t know about it.\n\n\nThat’s likely because the average Catholic has at most a vague notion of the existence of the EF, so there is no need to differentiate. On the other hand, most “trads” (itself often used as a derogatory term by those with less traditional tastes) are very aware of both forms, and therefore need to distinguish in conversation.\n\n\nQuite possibly! I have no problems with the EF myself, if someone prefers that form, good on them! I simply prefer the OF myself as I do not understand Latin and have no capacity to learn it.\n\n\nI don’t think that’s the case. There are some of both, and they both get (deservedly0 trashed by the “other side.”\n\nWhich is really sad. It’s Mass, there shouldn’t be “sides.”\n\n\nBOTH----It’s us being at Calvary and also at the Last Supper WITH JESUS!\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6155420541763306}
+{"content": "Install Docker on Ubuntu 18.04\n\nIn this article, I will explain how to install Docker CE (Community Edition) on Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver. I won’t describe or explain what containers or Docker are. My assumption is that you already know the topic if you are reading this post.\n\nLet’s start!\n\nRemove old versions\n\nFirst, we need to ensure that we don’t have old versions of Docker already installed on our machine:\n\nSetup the repository\n\nWe install the necessary packages to use repositories on HTTPS:\n\nWe add the official Docker GPG key:\n\nWe verify the fingerprint:\n\nFinally, we can add the repository. You might have to modify the architecture parameter based on your processor. In this example, I’m assuming you are running on a x86_64 or amd64 platform.\n\nInstall Docker CE\n\nUpdate the packages index and install Docker:\n\nVerify the installation\n\nWe will launch a container hosted in the official Docker Hub library named hello-world:\n\n\n\nThe installation of Docker CE on Ubuntu 18.04 is extremely easy. If you are not familiar with containers, Docker, or the cloud-native world I suggest you to start reading on these topics.\n\nA good starting read on why you should use Docker is Using Docker of Adrian Mouat. It explains how Docker breaks the barrier between developers and operations, describing the development, testing and deployment of a web application.\n\nIf you are interest in something more detailed, you can consider Docker in Action or Docker Cookbook.\n\nAll books are available on Amazon.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000035762786865}
+{"content": "\n\nPepper spray. An excellent, temporarily incapacitating weapon - very difficult to resist and capable of buying you just enough time to escape. Works quickly and reliably at distances up to perhaps 10 feet; can also stop some animal attacks. Usually not heavily regulated, making it easy to obtain and carry even in places that frown upon other forms of armed self-defense (but check the laws). Pepper spray becomes less effective in strong wind; there is also some risk of blowback, but this is mitigated in narrow-stream products, such as Sabre Pepper Gel ($18).\nThis is in response to the person who suggested reading The Hot Zone. Alec or Alex. I have read it and now I’m suddenly seeing the information go mainstream. The 4 levels of biocontainment are mentioned on TV, such as in the show Blindspot. Even the phrase Hot Zone is used on TV. And the various hemorrhagic fevers are mentioned. None of it is explained which makes me feel like I’m in the cool group who read the book and knows the terms. Yes, fellow readers, this IS my idea of fun.\nNo heating in the middle of a particularly nasty winter can be problematic, too - although it's mostly a matter of comfort, not survival. In most places, with robust shelter and adequate clothing, bedding, and food, it's fairly hard to freeze to death at home (but note that the cold may make some infections or medical conditions worse; you may have to worry about frozen water pipes, too). The situation can become a lot more dire if you are on foot in the middle of nowhere, so truly hardcore, wilderness-minded preppers may have something to ponder about; but hauling a sufficient amount of fuel is typically impractical to begin with, so their best bet would be warm clothing, improvised shelter, and the ability to build a fire. We'll talk about that in the section that deals with camping supplies.\nI had one of those terrifying END OF THE WORLD dreams, three months in a row, each a different dream.  After the first, I started getting really serious about prepping.  After the third, I had an intense urgency to get my preps in order.  My prepping began by stocking up on the things we frequently used.  We had five meals that we regularly ate so we stocked up on those food items when I first started prepping which was a couple of years before the dreams.  After the dreams, I realized that having some food wasn’t enough.  I needed at least a year supply of food, water, light/heat, first aid/hygiene supplies, protection supplies, communication supplies, and a financial plan.  I also wanted to become self-reliant in all of these categories.\n\nYou may be tempted to go for the most lightweight and highest-powered handgun you can find, but you would have to cope with punishing recoil and potentially blinding muzzle flash, so it's not always a good call. In home defense situations, 9mm pistols and .38 Special+P revolvers are probably the sweet spot. There are countless models to choose from, but the bottom line is that you can't go particularly wrong with Glock, Beretta, SIG Sauer, Ruger, Smith & Wesson, CZ, Heckler & Koch, or Springfield Armory.\nOf course, it goes both ways: you will almost certainly find it harder to get help if your neighbors still resent you for puking on their doormat and constantly partying at night; so once again, not being a jerk to other people is not just good manners, but a very legitimate survival skill. Even if it's not really your nature, say \"hi\", engage in small talk, and offer to help with minor hurdles every now and then. Bring your neighbors a pie or some donuts, add them on Facebook, and try to find common interests. Socialize with coworkers who live nearby, too. Even if the zombie apocalypse never comes, it still won't be a waste of your time.\nOf all the resources needed after a disaster water is by far the most vital. A substantial supply must be stored but it isn?t enough to just store it, it's critical to know how to acquire it in case supplies run out. And once water is gathered it must be purified to be safe to drink. This guide cover all of these factors and more with straight-forward, easy-to-follow plans.\nWhether you like it or not, you may eventually have to defend yourself, so be sure to understand the law. You shouldn't take such advice from random people on the Internet, but as far as I can tell, in much of the US and in many other western countries, you have no duty to run away from an attacker and can use deadly force if you have a reasonable and immediate reason to fear for your life or the lives of others. But there are exceptions; for example, despite recent reforms, a duty to retreat exists in some form in several northeastern states and in some corners of the Midwest. There are also differences in how seemingly similar self-defense statutes get interpreted by the police, by prosecutors, and by courts in different parts of the world.\nDon’t forget a small stash of your favorite comfort foods to store in the buckets also. Like candy, chocolate, coffee, fruit drink mixes (to make OLD water taste better). I also store the left over fast food restaurants tiny packets of (salt, pepper, ketchup, salsa, taco sauces & other tiny things like–shampoos, soaps, etc.) for bartering in the event of a SHTF scenario. Keep it high up or under lock & key from your ever hungry children. Lol\n\n\nTime and time again I’ve seen families buy all of their wheat, then buy all of another item, and so on. Don’t do that. It’s important to keep well-balanced as you build your storage. Buy several items, rather than a large quantity of one item. If something happens and you have to live on your present storage, you’ll fare much better having a one-month supply of a variety of items than a year’s supply of two to three items.\n\n\nMy two cents worth here. Go with 5 gallon buckets. Many purchased from the local donut shop at $1.25. My variation on Mylar bags and oxygen absorbers — a chunk of dry ice, about 3×4 inches. With this on the bottom of the bucket and little piece of paper towel over it, pour in rice or beans or wheat or corn or a mixture of things. Put the lid on, but do not snap it tight. Wait a few minutes until the bottom of the bucket is not real cold and snap the lid on. Dry ice, which is CO2, forces out the air in the bucket. I recently opened rice and a mixed container which had been sealed five years ago. Everything was fine. Obviously we did eight or 10 of these buckets at once. Got dry ice from the local grocery store. Be sure to wear gloves when handling it.\nNow I am obviously a big fan of couponing, but it can come at a price.  One of the classic dilemmas about couponing is whether or not to use a coupon on a brand-name item, or to just buy the store-brand item.  This decision will almost always be circumstantial.  Sometimes, the store-brand item will be a better deal than the brand-name plus coupon.  If you are new to couponing, it can be quite frustrating, as it seems like you are spending more money than you did before just to get all of the deals.  This may be true, and it may cause you to want to switch to store-brand items.  While this is not always a bad idea, as inexperienced couponers can end up spending a lot of money, make sure you do the comparison to find the better deal.  Also, always remember, particularly for a stockpile, that timing matters!  The store-brand may be the better deal this week, but next week might be double coupon week, meaning you could get that item for free next week as opposed to paying a little for the store-brand this week.  Doing your research on a case-by-case basis and remaining patient are keys for amassing a completely free stockpile.\nFor the United States, the switch to fiat money came relatively late, in 1971. To stop the dollar from plunging like a rock, the Nixon administration employed a clever trick: they ordered the freeze of wages and prices for the 90 days that immediately followed the move. People went on about their lives and paid the usual for eggs or milk - and by the time the freeze ended, they were accustomed to the idea that the \"new\", free-floating dollar is worth about the same as the old, gold-backed one. A robust economy and favorable geopolitics did the rest, and so far, the American adventure with fiat currency has been rather uneventful - perhaps except for the fact that the price of gold itself skyrocketed from $35 per troy ounce in 1971 to $850 in 1980 (or, from $210 to $2,500 in today's dollars).\n\nOh, one more thing: when trying to reform your fiscal habits, it can be useful to think of money as a unit of debt owed to you by the society, awarded in exchange for your hard work (or as a consequence of some other fortuitous event). Despite the popular saying, when allocated wisely, that money can buy you safety, comfort, influence, or true friendship and happiness. It would be foolish to squander it on trinkets - just as it would be foolish to take it with you to the grave. My advice is simple: make every transaction count.\n\nFrom looking at those stats, it might appear as if baby boomers are the least prepared for a doomsday disaster. But perhaps the reason they haven’t recently purchased any survival gear is that a lot of them have long been preparing for it: Baby boomers lead the way (41.28%) in terms of those who haven’t recently purchased survival gear because they already have it on hand. They’re followed by Gen Xers at 37.07% and millennials at 32.79%.\n\n\n\n\nThe preparation you make for a hurricane, earthquake or other short-term disaster will not keep you alive in the event of widespread social collapse caused by pandemic, failure of the grid or other long-term crises. Government pamphlets and other prepping books tell you how to hold out through an emergency until services are restored. This book teaches you how to survive when nothing returns to normal for weeks, months or even years, including:\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.64720618724823}
+{"content": "Incredible Historical Coincidences – Too Strange to be True?\n\nFeatured image\n\nMost people are aware of strange or wonderful coincidences in their lives, like a chance meeting with someone from the same area where you grew up while travelling, for instance.\n\nCoincidences are a part of the human experience. But some historical coincidences are particularly strange – almost too strange to be true. And yet, they apparently are. Here are just a few.\n\nThe Curse of Timur\n\nTimur, also known as Temurlane, or Amir Timur, was a Turco-Mongol conqueror, and first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. He lived from 1336 to 1405, and ruled from 1370 until his death.\n\nHis aim was to restore the great Mongol empire of Genghis Khan, who had died over a century earlier in 1227, and referred to himself as “the Sword of Islam.” He was buried in a mausoleum in Samarkand, but his body was exhumed in 1941 and examined by Mikhail Gerasimov, a Soviet anthropologist.\n\nAllegedly, Timur’s tomb was inscribed with the phrase – “When I rise from the dead, the world shall tremble” – and a second inscription was found on his casket: “Whomsoever disturbs my tomb shall unleash an invader more terrible than I.” The coincidence?\n\nAdolf Hitller’s forces invaded the Soviet Union three days later as part of Operation Barbarossa, which was the largest military invasion in history. A few days before the Soviet victory at the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942, Timur was re-buried, in a full Islamic ritual.\n\nUnlikely Neighbors\n\nGeorge Frideric Handel (1685-1759) was a German-born composer who spent the bulk of his career living in London, England.\n\nHe is famous for his operas, organ concertos, anthems and oratorios, but his most well known work is certainly Messiah, which he composed n 1742. Having spent almost 50 years in England, Handel died in London as a rich and respected man, and was given full state honors with a burial in Westminster Abbey.\n\nFast-forward 200 years later, again to London, and another talented musician named Jimi Hendrix. Hendrix was born in Seattle, Washington in 1942, and moved to London in 1966 where, with the production help of Chas Chandler, he formed the band the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and in 1967 released his famous song “Purple Haze.”\n\nAfter leaving London for 6 months, Hendrix moved back, in 1969, and in with his girlfriend to her apartment at 23 Brock St. The coincidence? George Frederic Handel had lived at number 25. The building is now the Handel & Hendrix in London museum.\n\nVienna’s Bad Boys?\n\nVienna, Austria, is known for its culture, Spanish Riding School, and opulent Carnival. But it is also known as being the former temporary home of some of history’s worst offenders. And they happened to each live in Vienna at the same time.\n\nAdolf Hitler, Josip Broz Tito, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin all resided in Vienna during the summer of 1913. Hitler, believed to have lived in Vienna since 1908, was struggling to make a living as a painter.\n\nStalin spent about a month in the city, wrote on Marxism, and met with Russian revolutionary Trotsky, who lived in Vienna for about 7 years and launched the newspaper Pravda – which translates as The Truth. Tito, a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and later political leader, worked at as a machinist a local Daimler factory and became active in the local labor movement.\n\nHitler, Trotsky, Tito and Stalin were all patrons of Café Central (Hitler and Trotsky were regulars), which closed at the end of the Second World War. It reopened in 1975, and is now a popular tourist spot.\n\nThe Unsinkable Violet Jessop\n\nAn ocean liner nurse and stewardess, Violet Jessop certainly had some good tales to tell of her travels.\n\nEspecially when those travels were met with disaster.\n\nIn 1911, she was on board the luxury ship RMS Olympic as a stewardess when it collided with a British war ship.\n\nThere were no fatalities, and Olympic was able to make it to port without sinking.\n\nUndeterred by this experience, Jessup boarded RMS Titanic in 1912, again as a stewardess.\n\nThe fate of the Titanic is well known, and Jessup was one of the survivors of the devastating event.\n\nIn 1916, she took to the sea again, this time as a stewardess for the British Red Cross aboard HMHS Britannic.\n\nThe vessel had been converted to a hospital ship, but sank in the Aegean Sea after an explosion, taking 30 lives with it.\n\nJessup, while jumping out of her lifeboat to avoid being dragged until the boat’s propellers, suffered a head injury.\n\nShe returned to work for the White Star Line in 1920, in defiance of her previous experiences, and was often called “Miss Unsinkable.”\n\nRight Place at the Right Time. Twice!\n\nIn October of 1938, Joseph Figlock was a street sweeper in Detroit, Michigan.\n\nHe was tidying up in an alley when a baby fell out of a window four storys up.\n\nIt landed on Figlock’s head and shoulders and, while they were both somewhat injured, the baby girl survived.\n\nA year later, again while sweeping out an alley, another child – this time a boy – fell again from a window.\n\nAs before, the baby landed on Figlock, with a similar, and rather happy, result.\n\nRevenge or Karma?\n\nHenry Ziegland of Honey Grove, Texas, was a bit of a heart-breaker, according to legend. In 1893 he broke up with his girlfriend, who subsequently took her own life, leaving her family devastated.\n\nHer distraught brother took it upon himself to avenge his sister’s broken heart and defend his family’s honor.\n\nHe shot at Ziegland, but only grazed his face; the bullet instead hit a nearby tree. Nonetheless, the brother, believing he had killed Ziegland, further intensified his family’s grief and took his own life as well.\n\n20 years later, Ziegland opted to cut down the tree in which the bullet had remained lodged. In order to speed up the process, he used dynamite.\n\nWhile the resulting explosion did, in fact, take down the tree, it also discharged the bullet straight at Ziegler’s head, killing him. Revenge may not have been quick, but it was obtained in the end.\n\nNeighbors For Eternity\n\nThe Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries that dot Europe are unmistakable.\n\nThe white Portland stone grave markers each contain the national emblem or regimental badge of each casualty, as well as their rank, name, unit, date of death and age.\n\nTragically, these cemeteries are all too easy to find.\n\nThe first British soldier killed by enemy action during the First World War was a young Private by the name of John Henry Parr. He was born in 1897 Finchley, now part of London, the youngest of 11 children.\n\nHe was killed by German rifle fire on August 21, 1914 in the village of Obourg, just north east of Mons, Belgium.\n\nThe last British soldier killed during the First World War was Private George Edwin Ellison.\n\nHe was born in 1878 in Leeds, England, and, having already served in the British Army, joined up again at the start of the war. He was killed, at the age of 40, while on patrol near Mons on November 11, 1918, just an hour and a half before the Armistice came into effect.\n\nThe coincidence? Both Parr and Ellison are buried in the same Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery, about 15 feet from each other.\n\n Patricia Grimshaw", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8110029697418213}
+{"content": "All professions and associations have an obligation to articulate its basic values, ethical principles, and ethical standards. The Spiritual Care Association Code of Ethics sets forth these values, principles and standards to guide members’ conduct within their provision of care as spiritual care professionals and providers. This code is relevant to all members regardless of their professional functions the settings in which they work, or the populations they serve.\n\nThe primary mission of spiritual care is to enhance human well-being by providing care to persons in physical, mental, spiritual, emotional, or social need in diverse settings. “Persons” is used inclusively to refer to individuals, families groups, organizations, and communities. A historic and defining feature of spiritual care is the profession’s focus on individual spiritual wellbeing as well as within a social context of participation in community and society. Fundamental to spiritual care is attention to the issues of spiritual strength and distress that create, contribute to, and address challenges and joys in living as it is essential to each person’s experience of health, wholeness, and meaning in life. Spiritual care professionals and providers seek to enhance the capacity of persons to identify and utilize their spiritual, religious and existential strengths, assist in accommodating practices when appropriate, and providing resources. They also seek to promote and advocate for the responsiveness of health care and other organizations, communities, and social institutions in acknowledging and incorporating the spiritual dimension of persons in the services they provide.\n\nThe mission of the profession of spiritual care is rooted in a set of core values which are the foundation of the chaplain or other spiritual care provider’s unique purpose, perspective, and contributions to human well-being.\n\n\nDignity of and respect for the person\n\nSpiritual care professionals and providers are sensitive to spiritual, religious, existential, cultural, ethnic, racial, sexual-orientation and other expressions of diversity and affirm the dignity and value of each individual. Spiritual care providers strive to eliminate discrimination in all its forms and expressions.\n\n\n\nSpiritual care professionals and providers who incorporate spiritual care into their practice are informed by professional education, knowledge, training, and demonstration of competence. They practice within their scope of practice and continually develop and enhance their professional expertise.\n\n\n\nSpiritual care professionals and providers behave in a trustworthy manner. They act honestly and responsibly both individually and as members of the organizations with which they are affiliated and employed.\n\n\nImportance of human relationships\n\nSpiritual care professionals and providers understand that relationships between and among people are important to personal and communal strength, support, and growth. They seek to engage persons as partners in the provision of spiritual care to address their challenges, joys, and needs. They seek to resolve conflicts and promote effective communication and understanding.\n\n\nEthical Standards for the Spiritual Care Association\n\nThe Spiritual Care Association promotes spiritual care as integral to the care, respect, and dignity of all persons. Its commitment to its members is the advocacy of the profession, provision of knowledge and education, demonstration of competency, and commitment to quality improvement and research. All members and supporters of the Spiritual Care Association will be treated with dignity, respect, and collegiality without discrimination.\n\nEthical Standards for Members\n\n1. Ethical Responsibilities to Persons\n\nSpiritual care professionals and providers understand persons to be any clients, patients, counselees, members of a faith/spiritual/cultural community, family members, staff, or students to whom they provide spiritual care. Spiritual care professionals and providers uphold the following standards of professional ethics:\n\n  1. Speak and act in ways that honor the dignity and value of every individual.\n  2. Represent their competencies, education, training, and experience relevant to their practice in an accurate manner and provide services only within the boundaries of their certification or credentials. No professional identification, degrees, certification, or credentialing should be used that is false, misleading, fraudulent, or deceptive. Specialized services, techniques, or interventions should only be represented and engaged in if the spiritual care professional or provider has the appropriate education, training, or supervised experience.\n  3. Respect and promote the rights of persons to self-determination and assist them in their efforts to identify and clarify their goals. Spiritual care professionals and providers promote the best interest of the person and foster strength, integrity, and healing. Spiritual care professionals and providers have a duty to at times limit a person’s right to self-determination when, in their professional judgement, the person’s actions or potential actions pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk to themselves or others, for example when a person has abused a child or has threatened to harm self or others.\n  4. Demonstrate respect for the spiritual, religious, existential, and cultural values of those they serve and do not impose their own personal values and beliefs on those served. Proselytizing is strictly prohibited by any spiritual care professional or provider.\n  5. Understand culture and its function in human behavior, community, and society, recognizing the strengths that exist in all cultures. Spiritual care professionals and providers should have a knowledge base of cultural competence particularly that of persons they serve, and are able to demonstrate sensitivity to that culture and to differences among people and cultural groups. This includes, but is not limited to, race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual identify, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religious, spiritual, existential or no belief system, immigration status, mental or physical disability, and social indicators such as literacy, homelessness, incarceration, or income level.\n  6. Provide services and care to persons only in the context of a professional based relationship. Spiritual care professionals and providers should use clear and understandable language to inform clients of the purpose of the services, limits to services, the person’s right to refuse, and provide opportunities for persons to ask questions in order to experience informed consent. In instances when clients have difficulty understanding the primary language used in the setting, spiritual care professionals and providers should take steps to ensure comprehension, including arranging for a qualified interpreter whenever possible. When a person lacks the capacity to provide informed consent to spiritual care services, permission should be sought from an appropriate surrogate caregiver of the person, seeking to ensure that the third party acts in a manner consistent with the person’s wishes and interests.\n  7. Respect persons’ right to privacy and confidentiality. Spiritual care professionals and providers should not solicit private information from persons unless it is essential to conducting spiritual care assessment, screening, evaluation, or research. Once private information is shared, standards of confidentiality apply. Appropriate confidential information may be disclosed to other members of the professional team within the setting of care according to organizational policies in documentation and creation of a plan of care. Respect the person’s confidentiality when communicating with family members or significant others except when disclosure is required for necessary treatment, granted by the person’s permission, or for the safety of any person as required by law. All confidentiality of persons should be safeguarded when using materials for educational purposes or written publication.\n  8. Maintain relationships with persons on a professional basis only. Spiritual care professionals and providers should not take unfair advantage of any relationship or exploit others to further their own personal, religious, political, or business interests. They should engage in appropriate physical contact with persons only after setting clear, appropriate, and culturally sensitive boundaries that govern such physical contact.\n  9. Sexual harassment actions, both physical and verbal including misconduct, harassment, or assault, of persons by spiritual care professionals and providers is strictly prohibited by spiritual care professionals and providers.\n  10. Use of derogatory language and actions by spiritual care professionals or providers to or about persons, their beliefs or any aspect of their culture, either by verbal or written means, is strictly prohibited by spiritual care professionals and providers. Included is any kind of language or actions that are forms of harassment, coercion, intimidation, or otherwise abusive. Accurate and respectful language should be used in all communication to and about persons.\n  11. Any conflicts of interest or appearance of conflicting interest(s) should be avoided or corrected. Spiritual care professionals and providers should not take unfair advantage of any professional relationship to exploit others to further their personal, religious/spiritual, political, or business interests.\n\n\n2. Ethical Responsibilities to Colleagues\n\nSpiritual care professionals and providers engage in collegial relationships with peers including other spiritual care professionals and providers, community religious, spiritual, and existential belief system leaders, cultural community elders and leaders, and those from other professional disciplines.\n\n  1. Colleagues and their qualifications, views, and professional obligations should be treated with respect, regard, support, and confidentiality.\n  2. Unwarranted negative criticism of colleague should be avoided in all verbal and written communications, with other colleagues, and with persons to whom care is being provided. Unwarranted criticism includes but is not limited to colleagues’ level of competence or individuals’ attributes such as race ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, spiritual, or existential beliefs and values, culture, immigration status, and mental or physical disability.\n  3. Collegial and responsible action should be taken when concerns about or direct knowledge of incompetence, impairment, misconduct, or violations against this code arise.\n  4. Cooperation with other spiritual care professionals and providers and other professional disciplines should always be demonstrated in order to enhance the well-being of persons being served.\n  5. Participate in and contribution to decisions that affect the well-being of the persons being served will be contributed to by contributing the expertise, perspectives, and experience of the spiritual care profession. Professional and ethical obligations of the interdisciplinary team as a whole and of its individual members should be understood and respected.\n  6. Advocate for changes in their settings that honor spirituality as a key component to whole person care.\n  7. Participate in quality improvement projects and programs to enhance the provision of spiritual care services and contribute to the overall setting.\n  8. When a team decision raises ethical concerns for a spiritual care professional or provider, attempts to resolve the disagreement should be pursued through appropriate channels within the setting of care.\n  10. When evaluating the performance of colleagues, such responsibility should be fulfilled in a fair and considerate manner and on the basis of clearly stated criteria.\n\n\n3. Ethical Responsibilities in Education\n\nThose who function as educators, field instructors for students, or trainers of other professionals should provide instruction only within their areas of knowledge and competence and should provide instruction based on the most current information and knowledge available in the profession.\n\n  1. The educational environment will be maintained free of coercion, intimidation, harassment and with clear boundaries and respect for privacy and selfdisclosure. Educators will not engage in any dual relationships with students in which there is risk of exploitation or potential harm to the student. Clear, appropriate, and culturally sensitive boundaries will be established.\n  2. Students will be provided adequate, timely, and constructive feedback, with demonstration of knowledge and competency evaluated and graded in a manner that is fair and respectful.\n  3. When students are engaged in care of persons, the educator spiritual care professional or provider will ensure that persons are informed that the services are being provided by students.\n\n\n4. Ethical Responsibilities in Research\n\nSpiritual care professionals and providers promote and engage in research to contribute to the development of knowledge and best practices within the profession.\n\n  1. Pursue continuing education in methods of reading, understanding, and critiquing methods and conclusions of research.\n  2. Keep current with and critically examine emerging knowledge relevant to spiritual care and fully use evaluation and research evidence in their professional practice.\n  3. Engage only in research within the boundaries of their competence.\n  4. Understand and utilize ethical principles including adherence to research design and implementation, informed consent, the right to withdraw consent and involvement, confidentiality, evaluation, and the use of information and findings for professional purposes only.\n  5. Report research data and findings accurately, including conscientious attribution of sources in research and writing.\n\n\n5. Ethical Responsibilities to the Spiritual Care Association\n\nSpiritual care professionals and providers who participate in the membership community of the Spiritual Care Association commit to integrity, competence, respect, and collegiality as defined by the Code of Ethics.\n\n  1. Members will represent their certification or credentialing by the Spiritual Care Association in an accurate manner to employers, colleagues, and the persons whom they serve.\n  2. Members will pay their annual dues in a timely manner.\n  3. Members will complete the annual continuing educational hours as required by their standards.\n\n\n\nCommon Code of Standards for Chaplains, Pastoral Counselors, Pastoral Educators, and Students. 2004. Council on Collaboration.\n\nCode of Ethics. National Association of Social Workers. 1996. Revised 2008.\n\nCode of Ethics. American Counseling Association. 2014.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9980676770210266}
+{"content": "Philadelphia’s moon tree to be replaced\n\n    Philadelphia’s moon tree needs to be replaced, but pieces of it will remain in Washington Square Park.\n\n    Like others around the nation, the tree was planted after it went to the moon as a seedling with Apollo 14. Cuttings have already taken root at an arboretum, as the Associated Press reports, and one of those will replace the original tree, planted for the bicentennial.\n\n    The sycamore isn’t doing too well, but some of its wood will be used for plaques and other things in the park. There are also moon trees at Lockheed Martin in King of Prussia and Core Creek Park in Bucks County.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9545415639877319}
+{"content": "The conference will explore important questions, such as: Is climate science sufficiently advanced to allow accurate forecasts of future temperatures or weather? Are temperatures more likely to cool than warm in the next century? Should policies adopted at the height of the global warming scare be repealed and replaced with pro-environment, pro-energy and pro-jobs policies?\n\nGiven the new science and economics of climate change, isn’t it time for a fresh start to the debate over what, if anything, to do about global warming?\n\nThe schedule for the 1.5-day event, hosted by The Heartland Institute, will feature five news-making keynote addresses, 12 panel discussions, and five award presentations for achievement in climate science and climate communications.\n\nSome of the climate data the conference will present and discuss includes:\n\n  • Satellite data that shows the global atmospheric temperature has not risen since the late 1990s – 18 years and four months, to be exact – while human carbon dioxide emissions in that time represent 25% of all emissions since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution 150 years ago;\n  • Sea-level rise that has not accelerated beyond the trend that began at the end of the last Ice Age; and\n  • The total amount of polar ice at the two poles is almost unchanged since satellites first measured it in the early 1970s.\n\nSome of the policy questions the conference will explore and discuss include:\n\n  • Is the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere a net positive or net negative for plant life, animals and human prosperity?\n  • What is the cost of restrictions on energy generation and consumption imposed by the Obama Administration and the United Nations?\n  • Is it moral to withhold affordable and reliable energy from poor people living in the U.S. and those in emerging countries?\n\nThis event is open to the public. Paid registration is required. More information is available here.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6848913431167603}
+{"content": "European Commission\n\n\nThe scope of the review focuses on mainly the three following aspects:\n\n  1. To review the Regulation in the light of the technological progress\n  2. To assess design options that can facilitate reuse and recycling\n  3. To develop a technology roadmap which includes:\n    a. identifying previous technological innovations and current product technologies (incl. BAT);\n    b. an outlook of technologies yet to enter the market (BNAT);\n    c. an outlook of general technological trends in the product sector;\n    d. identification of the energy savings potential of future technologies lie on, as well as the implication for reuse and recycling;\n    e. potential hindrances to a successful market entry.\n\nThe study tasks are described in the methodology section.\n\nThe Ecodesign Directive\n\nSustainable industrial policy aims in particular at developing a policy to foster environmental and energy efficient products in the internal market. The Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC is the cornerstone of this approach. It establishes a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products with the aim of ensuring the free movement of those products within the internal market.\n\nThe Ecodesign Directive itself does not set binding requirements: it provides a framework (rules and criteria) for setting such requirements through implementing measures. It is also possible to introduce information requirements for components and sub-assemblies.\n\nThe measures are applicable at a ‘vertical’ level (i.e. at product groups level), whilst other measures are applicable at a ‘horizontal’ level, meaning these shall be applied to a range of product groups which provide a certain function, and that are specifically referred in the implementing measures. In the case of the circulators, the measures are vertical, covering glandless standalone and glandless integrated circulators as specified in Regulation 641/2009.\n\nEuropean Commission", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9973722100257874}
+{"content": "Laura is a marine mammal researcher at Mystic Aquarium, who began taking static trapeze in January 2016. She grew up in southern Massachusetts with interest in a variety of sports including gymnastics, swimming, horseback riding and rock climbing.\n\nLaura is a nationally competitive triathlete, and uses trapeze to add a strengthening aspect to her training. She enjoys both the graceful poses and dynamic movements that are possible on the static bar, and is excited to join the team at FFA.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9741089940071106}
+{"content": "Major in History\n\nMade in God's image, humans are blessed with historical consciousness. Unlike animals we have a sense of becoming. When we think historically, we consider what we have been, who we presently are, and how we want to live our lives in the future. The study of history trains students to think historically, both collectively, as we examine evidence of the past, and individually, as we analyze our own lives. Students learn to evaluate change and continuity over time. Aware that the past was contingent, that people made history by their choices, students gain empathy for the struggles of others. Few subjects offer such opportunities for personal enrichment.\n\nAt Freed-Hardeman University, we stress that history is not what happened in the past. Instead, history is created. It is a process that involves historians analyzing and selecting evidence and writing their conclusions with reason and clarity. This process of reading, analyzing, and writing hones students' critical thinking skills - preparing them to live, learn, and work in the challenging twenty-first century.\n\nDegree Requirements\n\nB.A. Major in History\n\n126 hours\n\nProgram Coordinator:  Dr. Greg Massey\nFor a complete listing of requirements for graduation, see Academics: Degree/Graduation\n\n\nI.  Liberal Arts Core Requirements\n\n34 hours\n\nListed in this catalog under Academics: Liberal Arts Core\n\n\nII. Major Requirements:\n\n41 hours\n\nHIS 111\n\nSurvey of Civilization I \n\nHIS 112 \n\nSurvey of Civilization II\n\nHIS 221/222\n\nAmerican History I and II\n\n\nHIS 337    \n\nResearch and Writing of History I (W)\n\n\nHIS 338\n\nResearch and Writing of History II (W)\n\n\nHIS 397 \n\n\nHIS 440\n\nHistory Capstone\n\n\n\nUpper-division course\n\n\nPOL 251\n\nFundamentals of Political Geography\n\n\n\nSelect six (6) hours from the following list:\n\n6 hours\n\nHIS 314\n\nAncient and Classical Civilizations (W)\n\n\nHIS 328\n\nModern Latin American History\n\n\nHIS 415\n\nTwentieth Century World\n\n\n\nSelect six (6) hours from the following list: \n\n6 hours\n\nHIS 323 \n\nAmerican Colonial and Early National Period, 1500-1800\n\n\nHIS 325 \n\nThe Civil War \n\n\nHIS 424\n\nTwentieth Century America (W)\n\n\n\nSelect three (3) hours from the following list:\n\n3 hours\n\nHIS 410\n\nChristianity in the West \n\n\nPOL 412\n\nWestern Political Thought (W)\n\n\n\nIII. Electives (including additional Bible)\n\n51 hours\n\n\nRequirements for Teaching Licensure in History\n\n1. Completion of the B.A. major in History as outlined above.\n\n2. Required professional education courses. (see Department of Education entry)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999970555305481}
+{"content": "By using www.ifyoucan.com Website (hereinafter referred to as Website) you agree to be bound by these Terms and Conditions (hereinafter referred to as Terms of Use or Terms) and all the Policies applicable towards the said web site. Please read them carefully.\nThe terms “ifyoucan.com” and “We” refer to the right holder of this website (hereafter referred to as Website), If You Can Holdings Limited and its affiliates’ (If You Can Company Limited, If You Can LLC, If You Can Technologies LLC) (hereafter referred to as Company). The term “you” and/or “Buyer” and/or “User” refers to the users and viewers of this website.\nThe Company reserves the right to make changes to the content, Privacy Policy, and these Terms and Conditions of the Website from time to time.\nThese conditions are governed by and construed in accordance with legislation of Hong Kong.\n1. 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Copyright\nWebsite and Services content (information, communication, images, videos and sounds) is provided by If You Can Holdings Limited. The contents of ifyoucan.com are copyright © If You Can Holdings Limited or organizations cooperating with If You Can Holdings Limited. All rights reserved.\nThe contents of ifyoucan.com and appropriate Services cannot be reproduced, modified, transferred, distributed, republished, downloaded, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means including but not limited to electronic, mechanical photocopying, copying or recording without the prior written permission of If You Can Holdings Limited.\nYou agree that the material and content contained within or provided by ifyoucan.com is for your own personal use only and may not be used for commercial purposes or distributed commercially without If You Can’s consent. Any unauthorized use of the contents of ifyoucan.com may be in breach of copyright, trademark or intellectual property law. If You Can Holdings Limited reserves the right to make changes to the website as a result of which services may be modified, supplemented or withdrawn.\n4. 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You agree that the Company is entitled under its responsibility to confide the processing of personal data to any third party at its own discretion, ensuring confidentiality and protection of personal data.\n5. Limitation of Liability\nThis site is provided on an \"as is\" and \"as available\" basis without express or implied representations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to representations or warranties related to the operation, accessibility, availability, completeness, accuracy or suitability of this site for any purpose. You are fully and exclusively liable for any and all risk resultant from the use of the services.\nIf You Can Holdings Limited uses its reasonable endeavors to maintain ifyoucan.com in a fully operating condition. If You Can Holdings Limited is not responsible for the results of any defects that exist on ifyoucan.com. You should not assume that ifyoucan.com or its content is error free or that it will be suitable for the particular purposes that you have in mind when using it.\nIf You Can Holdings Limited bears no responsibility and assumes no liability for any content posted on this site by you or any third party, for the content of other sites hyperlinked or otherwise linked to ifyoucan.com but not administered by If You Can Holdings Limited and for services provided through them. Neither can we be deemed to have endorsed this content.\nIf You Can Holdings Limited bears no responsibility for any damage arising from the use of or inability to use this site and/or services or any hyperlinked site or from any action you may take or omit to take relying on the information on this site, including direct, indirect or consequential damage, loss of data, income, or profit, loss of or damage to property, and claims of third parties. You are fully and exclusively liable for all these.\nWebsite is accessed via the World Wide Web that is independent of ifyoucan.com and If You Can Holdings Limited. Use of World Wide Web is conducted under your risk and responsibility and is subject to all applicable national and international laws. If You Can Holdings Limited is not responsible for any information or service received or downloaded through World Wide Web.\n6. Proper Use\nYou agree to neither cause, nor knowingly allow others to cause any nuisance, annoyance, or inconvenience, whether to If You Can Holdings Limited or any of its customers or users of ifyoucan.com by any means. You also agree not to use this site or services of If You Can Holdings Limited to transmit or post any material which is of defamatory, offensive, obscene or menacing character or which may in our judgment cause nuisance, annoyance, inconvenience to If You Can Holdings Limited or any other person, or which is illegal. You should not use ifyoucan.com in a way that may interrupt, damage, render less efficiently or impair in any way any of the services of If You Can Holdings Limited.\n7. Registration and Security\nYou hereby confirm that you reached the age of 18 years before registering on Website.\nTo use some of the services, you should pass a registration process/sign up and provide If You Can Holdings Limited with up to date, complete and accurate information. The failure to provide accurate and complete information on registration may result in impossibility or improper conduct of the obligations herein by If You Can Holdings Limited.\nYou may also be required to choose a password. You are entirely responsible for any and all activities that occur under your account and you shall be strictly liable to make payment of all charges incurred under your account whether or not these charges are incurred by you or any other person, authorized or unauthorized, intentionally or unintentionally, or as a result of any virus, hack or security breach.\n8. Emails and communication\nWhen you visit the Website or send us emails, you are communicating with us electronically. We communicate with you by email or by posting notices on the Website. For contractual purposes, you consent to receive communications from us electronically. We send You emails with the content as follows:\n  • answering your messages\n  • confirming your order/purchase, with its detailed description\n  • promotional messages in case you are subscribed to our mailings.\nFor more detailed information please read the Section 4 of our Privacy Policy.\n9. 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You agree not to transfer, lease, rent, assign, sublicense or resell the service, in whole or in part, unless you are an authorised partner of If You Can and only pursuant to a separate partners' agreement entered into between you and If You Can, and you further agree not to allow any third party other than your agents and end users to access the service. You are responsible for compliance with the provisions of these terms by your agents and end users and for any and all activities that occur under your account.\nYou shall be responsible for obtaining and maintaining any equipment and ancillary services needed to connect to, access or otherwise use the service (collectively, “equipment”). 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Following the termination or cancellation of our subscription, If You Can reserves the right to delete all your content in the normal course of operation. Your content cannot be recovered once your subscription is cancelled.\nIf You Can may, in its sole discretion, terminate, discontinue or modify the service or your use of the service (or any part thereof), permanently or temporarily, if If You Can believes that you have violated these terms. Unless legally prohibited from doing so, If You Can will use reasonable efforts to contact you directly via email or your account to notify you. If You Can shall not be liable to you or any other third party for any such modification, suspension or discontinuation of your rights to access and use the service. Any suspected fraudulent, abusive, or illegal activity by you, agents or end users may be referred to law enforcement authorities at If You Can’s sole discretion.\nUpon termination of your subscription, you will immediately cease all use of the service. Your right and license to use the service shall immediately cease upon termination. You shall thereafter have no right, and If You Can shall have no obligation, to forward your content or any messages or information to you, your end users or any other third party. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all sections of these terms which by their nature should survive termination will survive termination, including, without limitation, restrictions on the use of the service, payments obligations for any amounts owed, indemnities, warranty disclaimers, and limitations of liability. Termination is not an exclusive remedy and we reserve all other available remedies in contract, law or equity.\n13. Modifications\nIf You Can reserves the right to modify these Terms and any other policies applicable to this site from time to time, such modifications becoming effective immediately upon being posted on this site. By continuing to use this site you will be deemed to have accepted such amendments.\n14. Severability\nIf any provision of these Terms or any other policies applicable to this site is deemed invalid, void, or for any reason unenforceable, such provision shall be deemed severable and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions.\n15. Applicable Law\nAny issues in connection with or arising out of the use of this site or any services provided through it should be governed by Hong Kong legislation and relevant international treaties.\nAny conflict of law rules that may refer to the application of the law of a third country shall be excluded from application.\n16. Jurisdiction\nAll disputes arising out or in relation to the use of this site and all sites hyperlinked or otherwise linked to it shall be settled by means of negotiations.\nIf no solution is found during a reasonable time period (not more than two months), all disputes shall be settled by the respective court at the place of registration of If You Can Holdings.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9170100688934326}
+{"content": "Quick, easy, comprehensive, accurate, and meaningful. In a nutshell, these are the most important attributes of executive dashboards—at least from an executive’s perspective. The whole point of an executive dashboard, after all, is to provide a real-time, at-a-glance view of the company’s performance. Whether the insights are “nice to knows” or “need to knows,” they’re all important in the day-to-day workflow of today’s busy visionary/decision-maker.\n\nWhat’s important to note here is that unless they’re programmers-turned-CIOs, the C-Suite users of your cloud-based business software—from ERP and CRM systems to BI tools—aren’t technicians. They don’t need to know “how the data got connected” or how transaction details travel in real-time to your servers and into the report on their mobile app. They just need to know that it’s connected, and that it does, and the insights are there when they need them.\n\nHere’s a closer look at what they’re expecting every time they log into their executive dashboards—and what you can, therefore, expect your state of the industry cloud software to deliver.\n\n1. Big-picture views with drill-down capability.\n\nThey’re checking in for an update, but what if they have a question while looking at a metric? A quick click should do the trick.\n\n2. Instant access.\n\nFor users of cloud-based software, long gone are the days when the IT department was called in to run reports that took two days to produce. (Take A Look Inside the Evolution of the Self-Service BI Trend). Today, data is within reach of the most (and non-technical) fingertips.\n\n3. Just what they need.\n\nA dashboard and its companion reports are only as good as the value they’re delivering. What does the decision-maker want to see when they sign in? Thankfully, they can customize their views, define the KPIs that display, etc., and usually with drag-and-drop configuration, maybe with some help from IT.\n\n4. Projected vs. actual results.\n\nOne of the great things about the data being collected—and the tools used to analyze it—is it’s capable of projecting outcomes, through historical data or predictive analysis. While perusing their dashboards, executives may need to comparison check to determine whether business is moving along according to plan.\n\n5. Graphics, graphics, graphics.\n\nAside from looking great, visual interpretations of data are easier for strategy-minded users to comprehend, explain, and share.\n\n6. Mobile functionality.\n\nToday’s decision-makers are on-the-go, staying productive using smartphones and tablets while sitting at the airport, working from home, or sharing insights at a board meeting. Cloud-based business software provides mobile solutions—web access or mobile apps—so users are always connected.\n\n7. All the data.\n\nWhat good, really, is an executive dashboard that tells only half of the story? Business systems built for the cloud are designed for integrations, so the data from almost every piece of software a company uses can be centralized and accessed from one place—the executive’s dashboard, of course.\n\n8. Collaboration tools.\n\nRarely do decision-makers work in isolation. Modern businesses aren’t limited by data and communication silos that were so common before the internet and cloud computing. Most executive dashboards include sharing functionality enabling annotations, group chats, messaging, and more.\n\n\nLearn more about dashboarding here:\n\nHow Power BI Makes An Impact Across Industries\n\nNeed Help Picking the Right BI Tool For Your Business?\n\nDashboards Elegantly Reveal The Truth Behind Your Data\n\nA Look Inside the Evolution of the Self-Service BI Trend", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5724359750747681}
+{"content": "You are on page 1of 111\n\nYouth Peer\n\nEducation Toolkit\n\nTechniques for\nYouth Peer Education:\nA Training Manual\n\nYouth Peer\nEducation Toolkit\n\nTechniques for\nYouth Peer Education:\nA Training Manual\n\nThis publication was made possible through a contribution from the United Nations Population\nFund (UNFPA) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Unified Budget\nWorkplan, with separate funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to\nFamily Health International (FHI)/YouthNet.\nThe opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the policies of UNFPA, UNAIDS,\nUSAID, or FHI. The principles and policies of each of the United Nations (UN) agencies are\ngoverned by the relevant decisions of each agency’s governing body, and each agency implements\nthe interventions described in this document in accordance with these principles and policies and\nwithin the scope of its mandate.\nUNFPA is an international development agency that promotes the right of every woman, man, and\nwith dignity and respect.\nThe Y-PEER (Youth Peer Education Network) Programme has worked since 2001 with country\npartners to build the capacity of national non-governmental organizations and governments to\nimplement, supervise, monitor, and evaluate peer education programmes to prevent HIV/AIDS and\nimprove reproductive health among youth. The Y-PEER initiative has been spearheaded by UNFPA in\npartnership with FHI/YouthNet, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and others. Y-PEER,\nlaunched in 27 countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, is now spreading to other regions of\nthe world including the Arab states and Africa.\nYouthNet is a five-year programme funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development\n(USAID) to improve reproductive health and prevent HIV among young people. The YouthNet team\nis led by FHI and includes CARE USA and RTI International. This publication is funded in part\nthrough the USAID Cooperative Agreement with FHI for YouthNet, No. GPH-A-00-01-00013-00.\nUnited Nations Population Fund and Youth Peer Education Network (Y-PEER)\n220 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor\nNew York, NY 10017, USA\nFamily Health International/YouthNet\n2101 Wilson Boulevard\nArlington, NC 22201, USA\n© 2005 by the United Nations Population Fund\nISBN No. 0-897-14768-5\n\nWorkshop 2. and Late Adolescence – Developmentally Appropriate Approaches Annotated Peer Education Resource List Sources 85 88 91 103 . Annex 2. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops Workshop 1. Workshop 3. Theatrical Terms Used in Peer Education Programmes Early. Annexes Annex 1. Annex 4. Zip to Script: Creating Material Out of Improvisation Creating Backstories Marrying the Message with the Audience Can We Talk? Effective Post-performance Discussion 15 16 34 44 59 Section 3. Annex 3.Table of Contents Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 Section 1. Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes: Forming and Building a Theatre Company 75 Section 5. Middle. Starting with the Basics 7 Section 2. Workshop 4. More Theatre Games and Exercises 67 Section 4.\n\nMany of the actor/educators who worked with the authors shared their favourite games and exercises from their experiences. and many have been in use for so long that no one could reasonably claim rights as inventor or creator. Chris Coleman.S. a theatre consultant. For these reasons. Dallas. Diann Ainslee. with assistance from numerous actor/educators. many of the theatre games and exercises in this manual cannot be credited or referenced in the traditional sense. Reviewing the manual during its development were peer trainers Ilija Bilic. and have therefore borrowed from too many people to accurately name. New York University. NY. production coordination. executive director of NiteStar. Design and layout were done by Dick Hill. New York. and Karen Dickerson. and Ken Hornbeck. Theatre games come from a tradition of being ‘passed on’. and the authors invented many exercises included in this manual. The authors have re-created the workshops and discussions used with the Y-PEER programme in this manual so that others may benefit from this approach.Acknowledgements This manual was developed by Cydelle Berlin. NY. Viola Spolin. and peer educators. teacher and author of Improvisation for the Theatre. Tisch School of the Arts. audience members. Contributing to the production process from FHI were Suzanne Fischer and Claudia Ruland. The Body Electric School. 4 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Tonya Nyagiro and JoAnn Lewis of FHI/YouthNet and Mahua Mandal of the U. the Arab States. Augusto Boal. Atanas Kirjakovski. Managers of this publication were Aleksander Bodiroza of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). TX. William Finger. Teachers and schools contributing to the authors’ development include Gail Cronauer. and Hally Mahler of FHI/YouthNet. New York University. and Deryck Calderwood. and Marija Vasileva-Blazev. and Eastern Africa. trainers. Circle in the Square Theatre School. Agency for International Development (USAID) provided review comments. the authors have studied with many teachers. Anne Bogart. Atlanta. New York. GA. who revised the manual. New York. Ozge Karadag. Stanley Zareff. Y-PEER has been using the techniques discussed in this manual to strengthen Y-PEER activities in Eastern Europe. design assistance and copyediting. New York. Emory University. PhD. Lastly. NY. Department of Theatre Studies. and Katy Shroff of UNFPA. HillStudio. a theatre company based in New York City. In addition. NY. who initiated the project. attended dozens of conferences and workshops as trainees and presenters. Program in Human Sexuality. TheatreSports USA. Maryanne Pribila of FHI/YouthNet. Southern Methodist University. workshop participants. editing. the authors would like to thank JLG for patience and support.\n\nas they are not presenting educational material for their peers through traditional education methodologies. Peer educators can weave role plays and scenarios into their usual outreach activities in schools or other settings. Because these peer educators are drawn from the programme’s target audience. They also are not ‘peer educators’ in the traditional sense. Peer educators might also develop a theatre piece to use as the core of a peer education session. Well-developed peer theatre programmes may even take a full-length theatre piece on tour. Theatre in peer education can be used in many ways. Bach This manual is intended for programme managers and youth peer educators who are interested in adding a theatre component to their reproductive health and HIV prevention activities or in strengthening a theatre component that is already part of a programme. The term ‘actor/peer educator’ – used throughout this manual – refers to peer educators who are members of peer education programmes that use theatre as an educational tool. Doing is demonstrating that you know it. These peers are not ‘actors’ in the traditional sense. as they are performing in a specific type of scene or play with an educational objective to affect knowledge. 5 . etc. actor/peer educators should receive specialized training in both the theatre arts and peer/health education. ethnicity. they should reflect the diversity of the audience they are trying to reach in terms of sex. Teachers. To be effective. thereby creating a new kind of educator who can present dynamic messages that engage young people and affect them more powerfully than messages presented either by adults or in a classroom lecture setting. age. attitudes. geography. Both disciplines must receive equal weight.Introduction Learning is finding out what you already know. We are all Learners. – R. and behaviour. Doers. Teaching is reminding others that they know just as well as you.\n\nthe core of this manual. This manual has five sections: ■ Section 1. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops. 6 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . is a curriculum for training actor/peer educators. makes the case for using theatre as a means to educate young people about reproductive health and HIV issues. refer as necessary to the supplemental materials and list of terms in Section 5. Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes offers information on building a theatre company. and other issues faced by organizations developing full-length peer theatre pieces and taking them on the road. and explains the authors’ approach to developing improvisational theatre pieces.When possible. drama. suggested resources. and drumming clubs. However. ■ Section 3. and in local theatre. To successfully adapt the workshops in particular. ■ Section 5. individuals with experience in the theatre arts should help train actor/peer educators and help develop theatre pieces. As you make your way through this manual. many exercises have also been adapted successfully in developing countries. Such experts can be found in drama schools and universities. The manual is designed for adaptation to any cultural context. Annexes includes a list of theatrical terms for peer education. a handout about the stages of adolescence. developing theatre pieces. ■ Section 4. ■ Section 2. and sources. More Theatre Games and Exercises provides additional training tools to help improve peer educators’ acting and improvisational skills. and practising post-performance debriefings with audience members. casting and rehearsing theatre pieces. Starting with the Basics provides an overview of the historical and theoretical use of theatre in education. music. facilitators should read them in advance and prepare them for the needs of the audience. Many of the exercises in this manual originated from theatre practices used in Europe and North America. directing.\n\n1 Starting with the Basics Starting with the Basics Section 1 .\n\n1 Starting with the Basics Be the change that you want to see in the world. the goal of theatre in education is to improve young people’s reproductive health. – Gandhi This section is divided into two parts: theatre in education and the building blocks of a peer theatre programme. and the concept of peer educators as actor/educators. Theatre takes different forms in different cultures – Indonesian shadow puppets. traditional African storytelling and drumming. Section 1. performances have the potential to create magical and unforgettable moments for their audiences. the key parts of a good story. The first part provides an overview of the historical and theoretical use of theatre in education and public health. to prevent HIV. No matter the style of theatre. This purpose is generally to change the knowledge. what. The second part explains the difference between improvisation and traditional playwriting. the need for culturally and developmentally appropriate theatre. Theatre in Education What is it about theatre that has captured the interest of people for thousands of years and in every culture? Theatre is an important part of many people’s lives. In the context of this manual. It explains how theatre can influence people’s behaviour. or behaviours (or perhaps all three) of audience members. and fully staged Broadway-style shows. The information in this section provides critical building blocks for those who may want to develop theatre activities in a peer education programme. and where’ in an improvisational script. bringing the gifts of entertainment and story sharing to people around the world. attitudes. The term ‘theatre in education’ refers to using theatre for a purpose beyond entertaining an audience. It discusses educational objectives and the process of developing the ‘who. and to reduce the stigma and discrimination that come with unintended pregnancy or HIV infection. Starting with the Basics 7 . Chinese opera. This basic information will be needed for using the more advanced materials in this manual.\n\nthe HIV/AIDS epidemic has provided a focus for countless dramatic presentations. However. Using theatre as a creative educational tool provides an opportunity to debunk myths. Recently. Research on the Use of Theatre for Educational Purposes There is a growing body of evidence on the utility of theatre in education (see the resources in Section 5). It must deliver its messages in a way that youth can understand and act upon. Under the best circumstances and conditions. Theatre allows audiences to receive these messages in an entertaining and exciting way. Active involvement means that the audience’s emotions. particularly in educational settings. particularly with young people. violence against women. mass media campaigns. it must do more than simply create an emotional response. Theatre engages the audience. it is an excellent way to present sensitive topics not usually discussed in public. not just intellectual or cognitive skills. If used effectively. it is seen as a powerful tool for social change. and other imaginative offerings have been used around the world to convey information and influence behaviour. dangerous behaviour towards safer. From the earliest time. theatre captures people’s attention. How Does Theatre Influence People? At its best. 8 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . focusing their attention and actively involving them in an experience. Increasingly. and influence behaviour. Even young people bored by school work or bland television programmes are animated by live theatre. in order for theatre to change the behaviour of young people. Television dramas. It is this ability to touch emotions that allows theatre to influence attitudes in ways that traditional instruction cannot. and other health-related topics. Watching a carefully designed educational show can change the way a person thinks and possibly the way she or he acts. comic books. share history. live theatre can change how people act: It can play a role in leading youth away from risky. present a balanced view. are affected. Audience members often relate to characters on stage or in the radio or television drama and are motivated to participate in interactive opportunities for discussing the controversial and sensitive issues of sexuality. healthier lifestyles. or educate people about events outside of their communities.The History of Theatre in Education and Theatre for Public Health Theatre has always been a bridge between education and entertainment. In particular. radio plays. Theatre can strengthen the emotional and psychological appeal of messages and provide a believable and interesting way to explore sensitive issues. theatre has been used to spread news. intravenous drug use. the use of drama and theatre arts for educational purposes has undergone a remarkable resurgence.\n\nTheoretical Framework Educational theatre. demonstrating to the audience that change is possible and that a young person is capable and powerful enough to control his or her own behaviour. Health-oriented educational theatre also draws on the insights of other researchers and learning theorists (see Section 5 for suggested resources). ■ Types of characters who are familiar to the audience. For example. actors demonstrate behaviour for an audience. Theatre designed for educational programmes should also have an evaluation component so programme managers can see how theatre is affecting their target audiences. Word sense The use of theatre to educate audiences has many names. ■ Believable motivations for characters to change their behaviours and avoid the consequences of unsafe actions. for example. high-risk behaviours. that adolescents tend to adopt the behaviours of those whom they regard as role models. a dramatic piece shows how and why characters are converting to safer sex and adopting less risky behaviours. The audience notes the behaviours of both positive and negative role models. like other forms of ‘edutainment’. In this manual the terms edutainment and theatre in education are most often used. Section 1. Bandura recognized that people learn how to behave – and how to change their behaviour – by watching other people. Starting with the Basics 9 . Of central importance for the health education aspect of theatre is the transitional model: the character who changes his or her behaviour from risky to safe. Research has shown. In edutainment. These characters may have succumbed to. theatrical presentations and workshops must be based in educational and behavioural theory. Successful youth theatre often portrays: ■ ‘Hip’ or ‘cool’ characters who wear stylish clothes and use age-appropriate language (for any given community).Hence. Those who provide health education through theatre must be careful to craft characters capable of conveying attitudes that are attractive to young people while also demonstrating desirable behaviours. other terms such as infotainment and entertainment-education are also commonly used in the literature. or be considering. Because adolescents are often attracted to riskier behaviours – and to those who exhibit them – this insight is particularly useful in the creation of transitional models. is based on the theories of Albert Bandura. However.\n\nAs with any art form. but that there is a sense of honesty and believability about it. and friends. which is not to say that the story itself is true. if appropriate. ■ There is a sense of truth about the story. with complex. One person’s idea of a wonderful play is the next person’s wasted hour. and relevant relationships that move the story forward. Adolescents will not be moved by theatre designed for younger people. the success or lack of success of theatre is subjective. A story that makes people laugh – at least some of the time – leaves people feeling entertained. but you should define them in a way that fits your programme. ■ The characters experience some sort of conflict.) Peer theatre is used as a starting point for discussion and communication. Below are the elements that contribute to an engaging story: ■ The story has well-defined characters. Improvisation versus Traditional Playwriting There are many different ways to develop theatre pieces for peer education programmes. it must be culturally and developmentally appropriate. realistic. but also to begin talking about them with peers. A Great Story At the heart of great theatre is a great story. they can bring enormous power to the messages they wish to share.Culturally and Developmentally Appropriate Theatre For theatre education to be successful. The Building Blocks of a Peer Theatre Programme In the context of this manual. Peer Educators as Actor/Educators Researchers have found that some of the most effective educational theatre programmes for young people are those designed and acted by young people who have received training in theatre techniques and in peer education in a technical area such as reproductive health or HIV prevention. family. ■ The performance uses humour. original theatre presented by young people for their peers. with various elements working together. the term ‘peer theatre’ refers to live. Urban youth may require a different vocabulary than youth in rural settings in order for the messages to be powerful and effective. (This manual defines young people as those age 10 to 24 years. peer leaders. When theatretrained peer educators use theatre to communicate with their peers. which engages the audience. Some take a traditional playwriting approach – where adults or young people write a script about a specific topic and actor/educators perform 10 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . enabling the audience members to not only think about the health issues presented.\n\nnot just their intellect. an acting teacher has many roles. there is very little that can actually be taught. pieces of a character’s backstory. or other elements put into the scene by a scene partner) ▼ avoiding stopping scenes ‘dead’ with simple yes or no answers or statements ▼ keeping the scene moving towards the agreed-upon ending ▼ looking for ways to do the unexpected rather than the predictable ▼ keeping the focus on the characters on stage rather than on other characters ▼ letting the focus be on the story and message rather than comedy Section 1. It gives young people control over the creative process and encourages them to use their bodies and emotions. flexibility. Starting with the Basics 11 . This is not to imply that bringing scenes from an improvisation to a finished product is easy. This manual. and relaxation ▼ assisting with improving vocal technique Improvisational acting demands a strong technique in the skills listed above. such as: ▼ assisting the actor in the effective expression and communication of what is in her or his imagination ▼ providing a safe environment for the acting student. which allows a person to take risks and fully explore the creative process ▼ facilitating trust building within the company of actors ▼ leading exercises to improve physical strength. however. the process can be arduous. Thus. By its nature.the script. let alone improvisation? Many skeptics think one cannot teach acting (or improvisation). primarily one in which he or she can feel free to fail. as can happen when an adult tries to sound like an adolescent. the script comes directly from the young people without sounding stilted. focuses on using a different model to develop theatre pieces: improvisation. One or more scenes developed through improvisation and then recorded can be developed into a script. Their argument is that since so much of acting involves the actor’s emotions and imagination. Improvisation is a process of creating a scene in the moment without using a script. On the contrary. However. as well as skills more specific to improvisation such as: ▼ learning how to accept ‘offers’ (lines of dialogue. This manual describes the steps involved in creating scenes and a script and provides a series of workshops to help programme managers create engaging theatre using improvisational techniques. improvisation is creative and immediate. How can you teach acting.\n\nscenes or plays are never truly ‘finished’. and emotional health. Specify Educational Objectives The educational objectives should be clearly identified prior to working on a scene. These would be your educational objectives. making the message harder for an audience to receive.No matter what approach a project uses. Instead. If you try to address too many objectives. you would probably want to educate these young people about how their bodies are changing. Determine Who. The more you work with the issues. mental. You will likely want to go back and revise your material several times because everything can be made better. 12 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . When using drama. the more you and your actors will learn. work with your team of peer educators to answer these questions: ■ Want do you want to say about the health problem? ■ What attitudes do you want to change? ■ What new knowledge do you want the audience to have? ■ How would you like the audience to behave after seeing the scene? As the theatre piece evolves. Reproductive health and HIV-related issues are complex because they involve physical. it is tempting to want to address too much or solve all of the world’s problems with one scene. which refers to the conflict or struggle in the scene. For example. the piece often becomes unfocused. and community. educational objectives serve as guides for creating scenes. First. what. and where. friends. determine who. and give them some skills to help them be successful in remaining abstinent. These elements provide you with tools to create scenes that are logical and relate directly to your educational objectives. What. and Where After developing your educational objectives for the scene. keep your work focused and specific. if your peer education programme targets young people ages 12 to 14 and seeks to help these young people to delay their sexual debut. To determine your objectives. Make sure the conflict relates to your educational objectives for the scene. They also involve relationships with one’s family. explain why they might want to delay their first sexual experiences. One or two educational objectives are usually enough for one scene. identify what. Well-focused. it is important to return periodically to the objectives to ensure that you are contributing to your overall goal.\n\nwithout any script. Allow your characters to evolve. How was it better or worse? What worked this time that did not last time? Section 1. which refers to the location or setting for the scene. create who. and where. For example. Avoid using the actors’ real names in order to protect them from being overly identified with the character. drama must have logic. Now choose where.■ ■ ■ What is the scene about? What are the opposing forces that create conflict? What do the characters want and how do their differing needs cause disagreement or struggle? Next. Knowing where the scene takes place before you begin helps the actors better understand their roles. ■ What are the characters’ relationships to one another? How long have they known each other? What are the power dynamics in their relationship? ■ What are the characters’ backgrounds? How old are they? Where are they from? What ethnic or economic groups are represented? (This is also known as a character’s backstory. Be sure that your locations. or note-taking). make sure everyone is clear about the character names. Then do the scene again and discuss it. which refers to the characters in the scene. When you finish. Each character spontaneously makes up the dialogue of the scene. You do not have to finish designing the characters or the conflicts before you begin an improvisation. and Do It Again Once your group has brainstormed who. like your characters. are logical to your conflict. Revise. Improvise. One thing that should be determined before you start improvising is a character’s name. what happens in the story. Now you can start the first improvisation. what. Starting with the Basics 13 . but you should at least have some general ideas as you begin. Your choice of location can also serve to increase the dramatic tension in the scene. audiotape. and how the scene will end. it may heighten the tension to set the scene in a bedroom rather than at a bar. if you are doing a scene about a couple negotiating condom use. immediately discuss the scene as a group and identify what you would like to change. Have someone record the scene (videotape. ■ What characters are going to be involved in this conflict? Remember. or it will not be believable.) ■ What is each character’s point of view about the issue? ■ What kind of personal beliefs and values do the characters have about the issue before the scene starts? ■ How will these points of view change or not change during the scene? Be as specific as you can be about all of these facts as you create your scenes.\n\nYou may only need one scene for a specific peer education session. songs. Tie scenes together with music. What you choose to do with the material once it is created is up to you and your team. Use your imagination! 14 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . dance. Peer theatre has a lot of potential and flexibility. or you may want to create a menu of scenes that can be used as part of a one-act play presented in a community theatre or on a street corner. drums.Using the who. what. and where process will help create the raw dramatic material for your theatre piece. and monologues.\n\nSection 2 Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 2 Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops .\n\nFour Peer Theatre Training Workshops 15 . The four workshops are: ■ Workshop 1. that is. This can happen for a number of reasons and can be perfectly appropriate. and talent. Doing so helps participants feel safe to express themselves. and know you have covered what your participants need to learn most. It is important to trust the process. nervousness. Like an expert classroom teacher. which is part of the fun. they should be done in the order presented. intelligence. which is one key to a successful workshop. These workshops are progressive in design. It is not useful to become frustrated. being extremely patient when necessary. Section 2. the more a facilitator presents these workshops. the experience of presenting the workshop will be different each time. non-judgemental attitude. Marrying the Message with the Audience ■ Workshop 4. the more proficient he or she will become at facilitating them. an expert workshop facilitator must be able to work with each trainee at his or her own pace. you will find that no two groups of participants are exactly alike. As a result. develop appropriate messages and educational objectives. give characters a history (or backstory). A good facilitator must be clear and concise when explaining instructions for exercises and games. This skill involves listening to participants’ questions. She or he should maintain a warm. They can vary widely in terms of experience. or game will take longer than planned or expected.2 Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops This section contains four workshops to help train peer educators to be effective actors and to create theatre pieces that meet educational objectives. In the end. Creating Backstories ■ Workshop 3. stray from the agenda a bit. excitability. Facilitators must find the delicate balance that exists between staying on task (keeping to the workshop agenda) and remaining flexible. They will give actor/educators the basic tools to use improvisation to create scenes. Zip to Script: Creating Material Out of Improvisation ■ Workshop 2. Good facilitators establish that there is no right or wrong way to play. Can We Talk? Effective Post-performance Discussion Some Tips for Presenting Workshops After you have presented these workshops a few times. open. and often trusting one’s intuition or feelings. exercise. Often a discussion. Effective facilitators take their work seriously. and engage their audiences in interactive discussion. yet approach it with humor and infuse the workshop environment with a sense of play.\n\nparticipants are led through a series of theatre games and exercises designed to relax the mind and body. In this workshop. show them to the group. Workshop objectives To help participants feel safe and free to discuss sexual health issues without embarrassment or restraint. ‘The Message’ with the following list: ● Educational objectives (leave room for two educational objectives) ● Tips ▼ humour ▼ short scenes ▼ different names ▼ unresolved endings 16 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . physical. Time 3 1/2 hours Materials ■ One rubber ball or similar object to toss safely ■ One chair for each participant ■ Flip chart ■ Several markers of various colours ■ Flip chart pages prepared in advance: 1. improvisation basics are introduced and practised. ‘Freeze Frame’ with numbers 1 through 10 (leave room to write information) 3. In later exercises. To show how issue-oriented scenarios can be created from participants’ own thoughts and experiences. and evaluate their effectiveness.Workshop 1. leading to a discussion about how to develop effective educational messages. The exercises are interactive. Zip to Script: Creating Material Out of Improvisation Workshop 1 provides tools for creating theatre-based educational material. ‘Welcome to Zip to Script’ with the names of facilitators 2. non-threatening. More exercises follow in which participants create short educational scenarios. and presented primarily as fun play.\n\nSection 2. separated by sex. ask participants to turn around Training note and massage the person to their left. Adapt the exercise to fit They should ask for what they need your situation. After a few minutes. Or. Ask them to put their hands on the shoulders of the person in front of them and massage the person’s shoulders. Have participants form a circle and turn to their right. This exercise may not be appropriate in certain cultural settings. Closure Briefly give participants positive feedback on the activity and then ask them to widen the circle. it may be Tell participants to give feedback to appropriate if the massage circles are the person massaging their shoulders. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 17 . and describe what does or does not feel good. neck. Direct their attention to the flip chart page with facilitators’ names.Workshop 1 Topic Introduction and Warm-up Exercise: Back Rub Circle Objectives To break the ice and help participants relax To help participants learn each other’s name Materials 10 minutes ‘Welcome to Zip to Script’ flip chart page Process Introduce yourself and the other facilitators to the participants. and back. Make certain that participants learn the names of the people they are massaging and then thank them for the massages they received.\n\nstretching. Training note For the Zip to Script workshop. Ask participants to remain in a circle for the next exercise. the exercises can be longer and led by participants. 18 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Next. Next. When using a warm-up circle as part of rehearsals or other workshops. and raise the energy level of the participants. which will help them get to know each other. help focus the group. Tell participants to form a circle.Exercise: Quick Warm-up Circle Objectives 10 minutes To provide a ritual that can be used at beginning of a workshop or rehearsal To help participants relax. Closure Give positive reinforcement and encourage applause at the end of the exercise. and breathe Materials None Process These exercises should stretch all the major muscles. the warm-up circle exercise is usually brief and led by a facilitator. stretch. the facilitator should lead the group through a series of exercises using deep breathing. and other movement. They also serve as a group ritual to perform before starting a rehearsal or training session. ask them to find a partner across the circle with whom they will maintain eye contact during the exercise. jumping. energize.\n\nThen everyone repeats the person’s name and gesture three times quickly on the ‘1-2-3’ count.Workshop 1 Exercise: Energy Circle with Names and Name Game with Rhythms Objectives To encourage participants to express themselves physically To continue to relax the group and create a sense of playfulness 15 minutes To assist the group in learning each other’s names Materials None Process Facilitators may choose either of the following name games. ask the second person to turn to the participant on his or her other side and say his or her own name while making a new gesture. and ask one person to tell the other his or her name while making some sort of gesture (wave an arm. Have them face one another. and then the group repeats both on the ’2’ count. demonstrate clapping this rhythm and tell participants to clap it with you: 1-2. each person will (one at a time) step into the middle of the circle and speak his or her name while making a full-body gesture. and so on around the circle. The group should remain in a circle while you talk briefly about peer education theatre and explain the tasks for the day. Tell the group that the exercise they just completed was an introduction to improvisation. which that person should then repeat back to them. ask for any two participants standing next to one another to volunteer to begin the game. or tilt their head. 1-2-3. for example). Closure Give positive reinforcement and encourage applause. kick a leg. Section 2. Name Game with Rhythms With participants still in a circle. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 19 . Now. The gesture and name are performed on the ‘1’ count. Next. the first person rejoins the circle. the next participant proceeds. and so on until everyone has had a turn. Have the second person repeat the first person’s name and gesture (to the first person) only saying the name louder and making the gesture more pronounced. Once everyone has the rhythm. explain that instead of claps. Energy Circle with Names With the group still in a circle.\n\nexplain that ground rules are important because they help everyone feel safe in expressing themselves openly during the workshop. Theatre is also a good way to spread news and educate people. Process Tell participants that this workshop provides tools for creating theatre-based educational material. and creating short dramatic pieces. Theatre actively engages an audience and helps participants focus on the issue at hand. Indonesian puppet shows. Next. Explain that they will also learn about improvisation.Exercise: Overview of Theatre in Education and Ground Rules Objectives 15 minutes To provide a brief overview of theatre in education as a peer education tool To explain what to expect in the Zip to Script workshop To agree on a few basic group ground rules Materials Flip chart and markers Training note A brief overview of Zip to Script is provided at this point in the workshop rather than at the start. Briefly explain the following facts about the history of theatre in education so that participants understand the context of the approach: ■ ■ ■ ■ Every culture uses theatre to entertain and tell stories – for example. African storytelling. and Chinese opera. developing messages. as opposed to lectures. because it is essential to set a fun tone for the workshop with the warmup and name exercises before discussing educational matters and ground rules. Younger people in particular react well to receiving educational messages through theatre. Ask participants to 20 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . They will be led through a series of games and exercises that will make the learning experience fun.\n\nTurn to the person next to you (on either side). Ask participants what makes the clapping in unison work. Exercise: Pass the Beat Objective To build group cohesion.Workshop 1 suggest two or three ground rules. Evaluate again. Write these suggestions on the flip chart paper. Brainstorm consequences for breaking them. That person should try to clap at the same time so that you are clapping together. Closure Tell the group that the next game appears simple. clap in unison. not anticipating. stop the clapping and discuss the exercise. Encourage participants to establish and maintain a rhythm.) How did the group do at staying with the rhythm? Try to do the exercise a second time. and clap your hands. staying in the moment. tell participants to start walking around the room in preparation for the next activity. this time with a participant starting the clapping. Section 2. unity. respecting fellow actors. After the beat is passed around the circle several times. breathing. clear intentions. but that it is more challenging than some would guess. Next. Ask participants to agree to the list of ground rules. that person should turn to the person on his or her other side. Some examples of ground rules include allowing only one person to speak at a time. (Some possible responses include making and keeping eye contact. and focus Materials None 10 minutes Process Ask participants to stand in a circle. and maintaining confidentiality (what is said in the room stays in the room). make eye contact. This gives the impression that the beat is being passed. Then. Closure Emphasize how important it is to be ‘in tune’ with fellow actor/educators during rehearsals and performances. and so on around the circle. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 21 .\n\ntell participants to ‘check in’ (silently) with how they are feeling. What is their emotional state? Are they feeling any tension in their bodies? How do they feel physically? Remind participants to breathe deeply as they continue to walk. objects. 22 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . it could go much longer depending on whether you use it as a warm-up to rehearsals or in preparation for creating improvisations. After a minute.Topic Theatre Games Exercise: Grid Walk – Mask Removal Objectives 10 minutes To raise participants’ awareness about body energy and group energy To help participants feel comfortable making eye contact with others To help participants learn how to use the entire training space Materials None Training note Although the recommended time for this exercise is only 10 minutes. ask participants to begin observing the room as they walk. Process Ask participants to remain silent throughout this entire exercise. Adapt this exercise to cultural settings where making eye contact is not commonly acceptable. Tell them to notice colours. Continue with this for one minute. light patterns. You can go on as long as you wish and as time allows. textures – details they might normally miss. Tell participants to begin by walking around the workshop space in whatever direction they wish. Next.\n\nIn addition to switching ‘leaders’ every minute or so. Begin the exercise. Finally. there is no reason to be socially acceptable. ask participants to change the tempo and style of their walking.Workshop 1 Next. they should let their bodies and faces truly reflect how they feel. Tell them to look at each other as if it were the first time they were seeing each other. or on tip-toe or low to the ground. or any other variation that occurs to you. Exercise: Impulse Exercise Objectives To encourage participants to express themselves with their voices and bodies 10 minutes To help participants shed fears of looking foolish To raise awareness about the changes in energy needed to make small movements and quiet sounds Materials None Process While the group continues to walk around. you can also vary the exercise by instructing the group to make the movements smaller Section 2. Tell participants that this exercise is called ‘the mask removal’. explain that you will begin this new exercise by tapping someone on the shoulder. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 23 . tell participants to begin to make eye contact as they pass one another. For example. This means that participants should not try to be happy if they are not feeling happy. and they should not try to ‘put on a friendly face’ if they are not feeling that way. As they continue to walk around the room. Everyone in the room will then repeat this sound and movement until you tap another person and begin the process again. In this exercise. Tell participants to keep walking as you explain the rules of the next exercise. ask them to walk faster or slower. Closure Offer positive reinforcement to the participants. The person who is tapped will make a sound and movement as they continue to walk around the room. then end the exercise. All the while. participants should continue to make eye contact and stay in touch with their bodies and feelings.\n\nExplain that person A should start making simple and slow movements. After a few minutes ask participants to switch so that person B now leads (with no break in the movement during the switch). and building trust Materials None Process Ask the pairs to decide who will be person ‘A’ and person ‘B’. ask them to get into pairs for the next exercise. Tell the pairs to spread out so that there is plenty of space between them and other pairs. After another few movements ask participants to switch leaders one or two more times. ask them to stop moving. Explain that this exercise should have helped them begin to overcome any shyness they feel about making sounds and movements in front of an audience.or bigger or the sounds louder or softer. After a few minutes. and a few seconds later. which person B should mimic (like looking in the mirror). tell participants to gradually stop moving. When participants seem comfortable with the exercise. Offer them positive feedback. Closure Ask participants to return to neutral walking. Closure Lead a brief group discussion. together. decreasing the amount of time between the switches. Ask participants to stay silent and to focus on their partners. You might also have the group return to neutral walking before tapping a new person on the shoulder. They should try to make this work by ‘tuning in’ to what their partners are doing. Exercise: Mirror Exercise Objectives 10 minutes To help participants connect with each other To explore kinaesthetic energy. tell them to continue to mirror each other but now with no leader or follower. 24 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Ask these questions: Who enjoyed following more? Who enjoyed leading? What helped the union of movement? What hurt it? Explain that the intense connection they felt with their partners during this exercise is similar to what they will want to achieve with their scene partners on stage. Next. moving as ‘one’.\n\nand rhythm To explore focus and focus points. sound and movement. Now tell the group they are about to begin their first real improvisation game. Next. Also ask participants to imagine the machine changing colour or mood (make some suggestions). Participants are not required to connect to the person who joined the machine just before them.g.. colour. Once all participants have joined the machine. ‘Everyone is working together really well.’ well. and tell them to change their actions accordingly.Workshop 1 Exercise: Machines Objectives To explore group energy. ask the group these questions: How did it feel to be a machine? Was it hard to stay focused on your sound and movement? What helped? Which changes in tempo. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 25 15 minutes . Tell them that they need these sorts of skills when they act in peer education theatre pieces. Closure Offer positive reinforcement (e.’). or emotion were difficult? Which were easy? Explain that this exercise helped them practise working as a team and changing their body movements to reflect different moods. ask them to move slower and then faster. and how movement is affected by emotion Materials 10 minutes None Process Ask a volunteer to come to the centre of the room and start making a repeated sound and movement like a machine. Ask new volunteers to join the machine one by one and make a sound and movement that connects to the part of the machine they joined. simultaneous movement. Exercise: No Dialogue Line Objectives To encourage participants to follow their physical and vocal impulses without suppressing how they feel To help participants gain awareness of full body involvement and expression without using words Section 2.\n\nthat the ‘dialogue’ is sound and movement. For example. This exchange should be repeated until everyone has had a chance to be captain. At this point. ask them to go to the end of their lines so that the next people in line become the new captains. Captain A’s whole line should then repeat the sound and movement. Explain that this exercise will help them learn the basic elements of a scene: the who. captain B should respond to captain A’s line with his or her own original sound and movement. After the first two captains have had their exchange. Ask the two captains to have a ‘dialogue’ with each other using sounds and movement but no words. captain B’s line should repeat his or her gesture and sound. an improvisation game with words. Remind the group. Designate the person on one end of line A to be line A’s captain. Each person in line A should find a partner (directly across from them) in line B.Materials None Process Ask participants to form two equal. Designate the person across from captain A to be line B’s captain. Closure Remember to offer positive feedback and tell the group that this exercise was the first step towards learning how to improvise. captain A can grunt with arms extended. straight lines facing each other. Exercise: WWW Line Objectives To introduce elements of a scene To raise awareness about the importance of verbalizing key information quickly 15 minutes Materials None Process Have participants identify a partner across from them. what. as necessary. call them lines A and B. and where – what you will now refer to as the WWW: 26 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . not words. Tell participants to remain in two lines for the next exercise. After captain B has responded.\n\nFour Peer Theatre Training Workshops 27 .) Well. The game proceeds pair by pair down the line until everyone has participated. it would get done a lot faster. The scenes are independent of each other. mom. Ask participants to try again if they need to be more specific about any of the elements. person B will respond. Sample Three-Line Scene Person A: Person B: Person A: Wow. in turn. their relationships to one another. if you’d help. (Establishes the what – otherwise known as the conflict that makes the exchange interesting. what a mess. son. Participants should not discuss the scenes before their turn. Emphasize that this exercise is not about being funny. Tell participants that each pair will. what. It is about working together and creating a simple scene.Workshop 1 Who refers to the characters in the scene. participants should have communicated the who. Then person A. can clarify the conflict (what). Person B can then respond with a line that specifies relationship and adds to the action of the scene (who). Where refers to the location or setting for each scene and how the setting relates to the characters and the conflict. Rather. and how the conflict relates to the educational objective. (Establishes who these people are and what their relationship is. and their beliefs and values. their backgrounds. the second pair should create its own new scene after the first pair has finished. After each pair takes a turn. create a three-line scene. they should accept and build on the line spoken by their partner. what the scene is about. Person A will start the scene. For example. and person A will finish the scene with the third and final line. in finishing the scene. and where. or suggest ways that they could be more specific the next time. By the end of each three-line scene. quickly evaluate to make sure that all three elements were communicated. Emphasize the importance of working together to build a scene rather than one person communicating all the elements in one line. person A can say the opening line and mime an activity to suggest location (where).) Section 2.) Yeah. What refers to the conflict in the scene. there are a lot of dirty dishes in the kitchen! (Establishes the where.\n\neducational objectives. educational objectives.) and if young people ages 12 to 14 are the target audience. Explain that this game is difficult but important. Next. As a group. ask the group to sit together (on chairs or the floor.g.. Point out that successful scenes usually focus on very specific issues. they would like their scenes to address if reproductive health were the chosen topic (e. 28 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Tell participants they should think about these questions when creating scenes: For whom is the scene intended (the target audience)? What is the chosen topic and what specific part of that topic do you want to address? For example. as desired) near the flip chart so that you can discuss the next steps in the Zip to Script process. Define and explain the importance of strong.Closure Offer positive feedback. Ensuring that basic scene information is presented right away helps the audience better understand the story. Topic Creating and Evaluating a Scene Exercise: Brainstorming Topics and Creating Scenes Objectives To introduce how to target specific issues. ask participants to brainstorm about what. Closure Answer any questions participants have. clear. ask participants to stand in a circle in preparation for the next exercise. and audiences when creating a scene To have participants practise writing educational objectives 15 minutes Materials Flip chart paper and markers Process Discuss the importance of developing scenes for specific audiences. Next. and then choose one. brainstorm several issues about which they would like to develop a scene. etc. learning that menstruation and wet dreams are a normal part of adolescence. refusing sex. write two educational objectives for the chosen issue. specifically. With the group.\n\nideas. Next. assuming the position of the person replaced. Toss the ball to someone in the circle. Offer positive reinforcement. very quickly. they likely said the first thing that came to mind without worrying what others would think or whether their opinions would be shared. characters.Workshop 1 Exercise: Ball Toss Objective To help participants explore their emotions. Continue the exercise until all participants have had a chance to speak or the group has run out of new things to say. as long as they stay on the topic. When this happens. Closure Explain how this exercise helped participants quickly assess and express how they felt about the given topic. They can create any kind of scene. and attitudes about the chosen topic Materials One rubber ball or similar object to toss safely 5 minutes Process With the group in a circle. or emotion related to the issue. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 29 . At this Section 2. As you toss the ball speak aloud a thought. about this issue. The actors must start the scene without any preparation. attitude. The person who caught the ball should then throw it to someone else. It will help participants see how easy it can be to create a lot of material for one topic. sharing his or her feeling or idea with the rest of the group. a person from the group can yell ‘freeze’. thoughts. tell the group that they will play a game in which they will create many short scenes. Explain that at any point. Tell participants that these volunteers will begin a simple improvisation about the chosen topic from the previous exercises. By speaking aloud their thoughts as they tossed the ball. Exercise: Freeze Frame One Topic Objective To practise improvising about an issue Materials ‘Freeze Frame’ flip chart page and markers 15 minutes Process Ask two volunteers to stand in front of the group. the two actors must freeze in place while the individual who yelled freeze replaces one of them. or situations. remind participants of the issue chosen in the previous exercise.\n\nand one educational objective for that topic. an appropriate topic for that audience.point. Closure Offer applause and positive reinforcement. Exercise: Scene Planning in Small Groups 20 minutes Objective For participants to practise planning an issue-related scene Materials Flip chart paper and markers for four groups and ‘The Message’ flip chart page Process Post ‘The Message’ flip chart page on the wall. stop the game. Ask them write their ideas on blank flip chart paper. 30 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Divide the group into four teams. but with new characters and situations. or when no new ideas are being generated. the pair will start a new scene on the same topic. Tell each group to brainstorm about a target audience they would like to reach. point out how many scenes they started in a very short time. While the game is being played. Tell participants that they will now focus on scene planning. take notes on the ‘Freeze Frame’ flip chart page about the different scenes being created. When most participants have volunteered. Point out that it is good practice to write down scenes as they are being improvised so that the best ones are not forgotten. remind participants that it is time for a new volunteer to step in. Ask participants to gather around the flip chart stand and together review the list of scene ideas that emerged from the exercise. If more than a minute passes before someone yells freeze. Using the notes you took. Start the game by asking the two volunteers to begin a scene. Training note This game can generate a lot of ideas about an issue and inspire the team to try things they may not otherwise have considered.\n\neach team should develop a two-minute scene that meets its educational objective. and keeping scenes short – while brainstorming their ideas. markers. Then. Tell the teams that they should not practise the scene before performing for the group and that it is not necessary to use all the members of their team in the scene. tell participants to decide upon their audiences. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 31 . educational objectives. Process Ask for a team to volunteer to perform their scene. Was it easy or difficult? Why? Did everyone participate? Now create a ‘stage’ on which the scenes will be performed and gather the audience. and paper Training note A co-facilitator or volunteer should be selected to document the content of the scenes so that the group can refer to them as they refine their scenes. and character names. make sure all the groups have finished planning their scenes. pens. Exercise: Show and Tell Scenes Objectives To help participants gain experience performing scenes and getting feedback from the facilitator and group 20 minutes To model in-character question-and-answer sessions (optional) Materials Flip chart paper. Section 2. topics. Closure After about 15 minutes. They should only use as many members as needed to meet their objectives. Then discuss what they thought of the process. At beginning and end of each scene. Ask participants to consider the tips listed there – using humour.Workshop 1 Refer participants to ‘The Message’ flip chart page. a member of the team should say ‘scene’ so that the audience knows when the scene has begun and ended. naming characters. After they have brainstormed for a few minutes.\n\nGive positive reinforcement. Closure Give positive feedback and congratulations. and then re-work the scene if needed. the group will evaluate it. Stress that these in-character question-and-answer sessions can enhance the educational experience for the audience after a scene has been performed. Exercise: Next Steps 10 minutes Objective To provide an overview of next steps in the process of preparing scenes for use with peer groups Materials None Process Explain that each time a scene is performed during the workshop. ask the performing team and the audience the following questions: ■ Team: What were your educational objectives? ■ Audience: Were these educational objectives clear for the audience? ■ Team: What was your target audience? ■ Team: How does your preparation of the scene compare to its execution? Did it turn out the way you expected? ■ Audience: Was the scene realistic? ■ Everyone: What parts of the scene should the group keep? What should they change? Optional: In-Character Question-and-Answer Session Tell the performing team to stay in character after their scene is finished. 32 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Ask individual actors a few simple questions directed at their character and have them answer as the character. Getting scenes ready to show an audience can be a long process. Evaluate with the group whether the actors answered the questions the way their characters would. Emphasize that these scenes are first steps. decide what did and did not work. After each scene.\n\nage-appropriate. Closure Thank everyone and tell them when the next workshop will be held. age-appropriate. The scene can become a powerful tool for education and change through evaluating the dialogue (is it accurate. situation (is it realistic. Exercise: Closing Circle Objective To teach a ritual that can be used at the end of each workshop or rehearsal Materials None 5 minutes Process Choose an exercise that is simple. culturally appropriate. Dismiss the group. possible. characters (are they realistic. and entertaining) and message (is it clear. relevant. relevant. and recognizable to the target audience). Closure Offer positive feedback. such as clapping together twice or snapping fingers and stomping. Or. Why are closing circles so important? Many sensitive topics are discussed during the development of peer theatre. Ask participants to form a circle for the closing of the Zip to Script workshop. Young people must be provided an opportunity to relax and ‘decompress’ after dealing with the complex emotions that often arise during the process.Workshop 1 Tell them that they have completed the first step in the process of creating performance-quality scenes. Ask if there are any questions. logical to the situation. and balanced between humour and drama). engaging. Section 2. as long as you are consistent about using them. these are just suggestions. but remain in the room so that participants can ask questions. games. and up-to-date). About Closing Circles A ‘closing circle’ activity is recommended at the end of each workshop in this curriculum. You may design your own signature closing circles. choose a more elaborate one if time allows. Although this manual provides exercises. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 33 . culturally appropriate. The scenes will require more practice before they are ready to be performed before peers. relevant. or rituals with which to close.\n\nwalk. Time 3 hours Materials ■ One chair for each participant ■ Paper and pens (enough for all participants) ■ Markers ■ ‘What Makes Us Who We Are?’ flip chart page ■ Tape 34 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Finally. goals. In addition. mannerisms. participants are taught methods that help create a character’s ‘backstory’– personal details about a character (family life. Exercises assist actor/peer educators in imagining and expressing the physical traits of their characters (behaviour. and talk). dreams. To introduce methods for external character development.Workshop 2. Creating Backstories This workshop teaches participants the importance of internal and external character development. Workshop Objectives To introduce backstories as a tool for effective character development and effective post-performance facilitation. participants learn how these character details are used during a post-performance question-and-answer session. and experiences). To learn the importance of logic and consistency of facts in scenes.\n\nWorkshop 2 Topic Introduction Exercise: What Makes Us Who We Are? Objective To focus attention on experiences. religion. such as sex. participants will say their names and then create statues with their bodies that best represent how they are feeling at the moment. environment. one at a time. As the participants enter the room. Give some examples. ask them to take a marker and write on the flip chart factors they think contribute to who they are right now. family values. and relationships to self. Section 2. Exercise: Statue Exercise Objective To help participants channel their emotions into body movement Materials None 20 minutes Process Tell participants that each will have an opportunity to go into the centre of the circle. traits. and other factors that influence individual identities Materials ‘ ‘What Makes Us Who We Are?’ flip chart page and markers 15 minutes Process Post the ‘What Makes Us Who We Are?’ flip chart page. culture. sexual orientation. stop the exercise and lead participants into a circle at the centre of the room. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 35 . economic factors. history. and society. Let them know that there is no wrong answer. They should not say the feeling. others. Each person should freeze and hold his or her statue for a few seconds before returning to the circle. but rather illustrate the emotion with their statues. In the circle. Closure At an appropriate time.\n\nBefore they begin writing. Topic Creating a Character Exercise: Writing Exercise – Creating a Character 20 minutes Objective To teach participants how to create a character Materials Paper and pen for each participant. ask the following questions: ■ How did it feel being a statue? Was it easy? Difficult? ■ Did anyone find it difficult to express their emotions without words? Why? Why not? ■ What are some of the ways we can express emotion without words? Closure Tell participants that there are no correct or incorrect answers to these questions. Some other examples of backstory information include: ■ Religious background. etc. Refer to the ‘What Makes Us Who We Are?’ flip chart page. success in school. They are designed to get participants focused on expressing emotion and communicating feelings without words. They will develop their characters’ thoughts. experiences. boyfriends. These facts comprise the character’s backstory. and ‘What Makes Us Who We Are’ flip chart page posted where everyone can see it Process Explain that everyone will have 10 minutes to create a new character. age. and dreams. goals. traditions ■ Family structure (parents.After everyone has presented a statue. upbringing. place of birth. as well as physical characteristics. mental. or girlfriends ■ Education. including name. Give positive feedback. They will make up everything about their characters. educational goals ■ History of abuse (physical. grandparents. explain that the following series of exercises will help build their characters for their scenes. guardians/siblings) ■ Ethnicity and culture ■ Personal and professional goals ■ Dreams for the future ■ Relationships with friends. emotional) 36 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . ask participants what other information they think should be included in a character’s backstory. Next.\n\nEncourage them to use their imaginations. Where is their centre of gravity? How wide is their stride? Do their arms swing? With which part of their bodies do they lead? After a few minutes. ask them to exaggerate their movements as they walk. After one minute. Closure After time is up. filling in as much information as they can in the 10 minutes allotted. eccentricities. Remind them that this is just a start. taste in music and film Training note It is not important that all these items be included on the flip chart. and stand in the centre of the room in preparation for the next exercise. push their chairs to the edges of the room. favourite colours. interests. have them return to their normal. Tell participants to begin writing. These are just examples that you can use to prompt participants into thinking of additional background characteristics. Ask them to observe their own walks. since the creative process continues as scenes are being created and performed. Section 2. habits. neutral walks. Ask participants to put down their papers. Exercise: Character Walk – Physical Exploration Objective Materials To help participants explore and create physical characteristics and behaviours for their characters 20 minutes None Process Ask participants to walk around the room. ask participants to stop writing. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 37 .Workshop 2 ■ ■ ■ Sexual orientation Sexual history Favourite hobbies.\n\nNow. tell them to gradually change their own physical body traits to become those of their characters. Creating a Scene 25 minutes Objectives To have participants further develop characters. ask participants to alternate between their own walk and that of their characters. 38 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . As they continue to walk. tell participants to focus on the characters they just created. and why did they make their characters walk that way? Explain that actors can always return to how they felt when they were walking in character to reconnect with that character. instruct participants to take their written backstories and find a partner. Ask participants what they noticed about their characters’ bodies during the exercise. and then have them return to their characters’ neutral walk. Observe what is different and what is similar. Exercise: Partner Work – Interviews and Sharing. participants will alternate interviewing each other (four minutes each).Next. end the exercise. How did they evolve? What was different about how their characters walked. How do their characters walk? How big are their strides? How do their bodies move? After a few minutes. After a few additional minutes. The people being interviewed should stay in character. meaning that they should answer and behave as if they were their character. with a partner. ask participants to exaggerate the way their characters move. and use those characters in an improvised scene To review scene-planning techniques Materials Character backstories Process Ask the pairs to find a quiet area to work. Closure Offer positive feedback. For the first eight minutes of this exercise. In preparation for the next exercise.\n\nClosure After time is up. Remind the group that good backstories help scenes feel more real and characters more alive. Tell participants that they should not rehearse their scene. gather the group together.Workshop 2 After the interviews are complete. Explain that they will now perform these improvised scenes. Remind them to use the scene-planning techniques they learned in the Zip to Script workshop – identifying their target audience. ask the actors how they felt. After each presentation. only plan it. and educational objectives. Closure Offer positive reinforcement. the pairs should take 12 minutes to brainstorm a situation in which both of their characters could logically be involved and develop a two-person improvised scene to show to the group. Tell participants that the main goal is to stay in character. topic. Did their characters surprise them? Did preparation of character backstories help them during the scene? Why or why not? Encourage the audience to provide feedback. Topic Applying Backstories to Scenes Exercise: Perform Scenes Created with Partners Objective To give participants experience performing an original scene using the character development tools learned during this training Materials None Process Have each pair present its scene. both physically and mentally. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 39 20 minutes . Section 2.\n\nhelp them feel grounded in the reality of the character.Exercise: Discuss Scenes and Play ‘20 Questions’ with Each Scene Objective To teach a technique called ‘20 Questions’ that will help participants further explore their characters and add detail to their backstories Materials Flip chart and markers. A co-facilitator should take notes for the characters and write the answers to their questions on blank flip chart pages. ask for a new set of volunteers to sit before the group and answer questions. two chairs ‘on stage’ 20 minutes Process Refer participants to the ‘What Makes Us Who We Are?’ flip chart page. 40 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Ask for a volunteer and his or her scene partner to sit on the stage facing the group and assume the characters from their scene. Closure Note that in the beginning it may be difficult to understand why details about a character are important. and the backgrounds of both of the characters in their scene. and allow them to relax as they perform. Help participants ensure that the facts. ‘What Makes Us Who We Are?’ flip chart page with participants’ answers from the previous exercise. as participants continue rehearsing and performing they will begin to notice that these details give them a sense of being ‘in a character’s skin’. After a few minutes. posted where everyone can see it. make sense and do not contradict with their partner’s backstory. Tell the audience to ask the characters questions that will help enrich their backstories. Any faults in the story’s logic will impede its effectiveness with the audience. their histories and internal lives can always include more detail. Continue switching the volunteers until everyone has anwered questions or as time allows. However. Explain that even with the writing and interview work they have done for their characters.\n\nSome possible responses include: ■ to make it real for the audience ■ to create well-rounded characters Section 2.) Circle discrepancies in one colour and agreements in another. Compare the answers and facts. while the other said that they have never had sex. and two differently coloured markers 15 minutes Process Select one scene (or more. Exercise: Backstories and Facilitation Objectives To review the purpose of backstories To show how backstories help with facilitated audience discussions Materials 20 minutes Flip chart and markers Process Ask participants why they think a well-developed backstory is important to creating successful scenes. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 41 . Write their answers on the flip chart. Point out what inconsistencies need to be corrected.Workshop 2 Exercise: Connect the Dots Objective To model a method for cross-checking character facts and evaluating a scene’s logic Materials The flip chart paper used to write the characters’ answers to questions in the previous exercise. the more likely that they will make the changes outlined in your educational objectives. Remind participants that if the facts do not match. making sure they correspond. (For example. it is worth doing. Tell the group that although this process can be difficult. depending upon time) and ask the scene’s actors to model this exercise. and the more you can appeal to your audience. one character may have said that the two characters have been sexually active in the past. the audience will not trust you or have faith in what you are doing. Closure Be positive. This kind of preparation makes a difference on stage. Review their answers as generated in the ‘20 Questions’ game.\n\nParticipants should not expect to have fully fleshed-out characters after doing these exercises just once.■ ■ to avoid stereotypes to explore relationships and circumstances that lead to behaviour and attitudes Ask participants why it would be useful to facilitate a post-performance debriefing in character. actors remain in character after the scene is over and answer audience questions as their character would. ■ Backstories help the actor/peer educators understand their character’s motivation and all of the factors that contribute to who they are. ■ Backstories give actor/peer educators the grounding they need to answer audience questions. and these discoveries keep the work fresh and alive. 42 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Ask participants how they think backstories would help them with postperformance question-and-answer sessions. Closure Explain to participants that the work of developing a character’s physical traits and inner life is ongoing. There is always more they can discover about their characters. Ask the group to move their chairs against the wall and form a closing circle in the centre for the room. Some possible answers include: ■ Backstories help actor/peer educators distinguish between characters they may be playing in other shows. Write their answers on the flip chart. Write their answers on the flip chart. Some possible responses include: ■ to make sure the audience understood the message ■ to provide an opportunity for the audience to help solve the characters’ problems and offer solutions to the scene’s conflict ■ to dispel myths Explain that post-performance facilitation – the subject of this workshop – extends the scene and enhances the audiences’ experience. Explain that in this sort of discussion.\n\none at a time. Remain in the room to answer participants’ questions after the workshop is over. moving into the centre of the circle and creating a statue. Tell participants when the next workshop will take place. and clap.Workshop 2 Exercise: Closing Circle Objectives To continue the ritual of having a closing circle To show how an earlier exercise can be adapted to help with character development Materials 5 minutes None Process As in the earlier statue exercise. This time. participants will make the statue in character – illustrating the character’s physical body and emotional state. Thank the group. snap. Section 2. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 43 . participants should take turns. Closure Close the session with a group stomp.\n\nand Late Adolescence ■ Flip chart ■ Marker ■ Tape ■ One chair for each participant 44 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Workshop Objectives To raise awareness of the great variety that exists among different audiences in terms of values. Middle. Early. as needed. These games and exercises end in a discussion about the target audience. with three columns labelled ‘early’. looking specifically at age and diversity issues. age. beliefs. and the need for peer theatre to be age appropriate and culturally appropriate. participants play two games that introduce the issues of values and diversity. To help participants adapt existing material to make it more inclusive of marginalized groups. young people come from varied backgrounds and have different experiences. They learn that even among a peer education team. This leads to a review of the different stages of adolescent development. ‘middle’. values. and sexual experience and orientation. and sexual experiences and orientations.Workshop 3. Marrying the Message with the Audience In this workshop. Time 4 hours Materials ■ Flip chart pages labelled ‘Agree’ and ‘Disagree’ ■ ‘Take A Stand’ statements ■ ‘Crossing the Line’ descriptions ■ Flip chart paper labelled ‘Stages of Adolescent Development’. culture. A guided meditation takes trainees back in time to early adolescence. and ‘late’ ■ Annex 2. or other diverse populations. This awareness is then put into practice as participants adapt previously developed scenes for either younger or older audiences.\n\nbut leaders should listen. provide support and referral. Push the chairs to the edges of the room. Remember the power that exists in simply allowing someone the opportunity to express his or her feelings to the group and thus receive needed support.Workshop 3 Training note Marrying the Message is a complex and challenging workshop and can generate some strong emotions. Participants might leave the workshop feeling unresolved. This is a good time to check in with the group and allow time for processing and support. Participants also revisit the past in a meditation about early adolescence. which is a particularly difficult period of life for some people. Topic Exploring Values and Cultural Diversity Exercise: Take a Stand Objective To explore and share personal values Materials Flip chart pages labelled ‘Agree’ and ‘Disagree’ ‘Take a Stand’ statements 20 minutes Process Tape the ‘Agree’ sign to one wall of the room and the ‘Disagree’ sign to the opposite wall. they will need to decide if Section 2. Devote a fair amount of time to the closing circle and casual. Make sure you have the list of ‘Take a Stand’ statements. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 45 . It is not the leader’s job to solve a participant’s problems. The Crossing the Line exercise invites them to reveal facts about themselves possibly never revealed before. and monitor the situation in a nurturing. and tell them that you will read a list of statements. Actors/educators confront their own values and those of others that might be very different from their own. After each statement is read. Ask participants to come to the centre of the room. and that is acceptable. postworkshop discussions. leaving an open space in the middle. professional manner.\n\nthey should move towards the ‘Agree’ sign. Take a Stand Statements ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ It is better to wait until adulthood (age 18 or older) to have intercourse. It is safe to drive after having only two drinks at a party. takes off her clothes. If a person with HIV/AIDS always practises safer sex (i. Becoming a parent as an adolescent is an acceptable choice. You do not need to read all of them. so they should try very hard to choose a side for each statement. and you should adapt them to suit the actor/peer educators with whom you are working. If a married woman who has a job becomes pregnant.. she owes him sex. Next. she should have sex with him even if she changes her mind. If a guy takes a girl on a nice date and spends $50. There should be mandatory HIV testing for all sexually active people. If they are unsure. they can stand in the centre of the room – the unsure zone. Read aloud some of the statements below. there is no need for that person to inform sexual partners that they are infected. disagree.they agree. If they disagree. Masturbation is normal and healthy for females. and gets into bed with a boy. Having sex with a person of the same sex does not necessarily mean you are gay or lesbian. 46 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . the couple should keep the baby and get married. Ask participants to take a stand but to do so without talking. uses a condom or dental dam). Closure Thank participants for participating.e. they should move towards the ‘Disagree’ sign. If a person with HIV fails to notify his or her sexual partner of his or her status. If a girl indicates that she is ready for sex. ask the group to sit in a circle for the next exercise. that HIV-positive person should be put in jail. Fathers and mothers should share equally in the responsibility of caring for children. Participants can only answer unsure for one of the statements. Lesbians and gay men should not be allowed to have or adopt children. It is OK to be dating and having sex with more than one person at a time. If they agree. during which they will discuss lessons learned from the exercise. she should quit her job to stay home and raise her child. Masturbation is normal and healthy for males. If a man and woman have sex and the woman becomes pregnant. or are unsure.\n\nRather than having to completely agree or disagree. Players may enter this zone as often as they like if they are initially unsure of their opinions or values about a particular statement.’ Players are encouraged to observe how different and complex peoples’ opinions can be.’ through ‘not sure. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 47 20 minutes . Talking is not allowed during the game. When asked to do so by other players. In this popular version. Forced choice means that players must decide whether they agree or disagree with the statement. Exercise: Take a Stand Discussion Objectives To clarify ideas about values and where values and beliefs come from To discuss assumptions about similar values among peer educators To discuss what to do when personal values conflict with group values Materials Flip chart and markers Process Ask participants the following questions (in order). but participants should discuss their opinions once the game concludes. there is a neutral zone similar to the unsure zone of the other versions. players can place themselves anywhere along an invisible line that runs from ‘agree. and players can only stand in the unsure zone once.’ and to ‘disagree.Workshop 3 Take a Stand – Other Versions The version of ‘Take a Stand’ described in this manual is often called the ‘Forced Choice’ version. Other versions include: ▼ ‘Continuum’. a player cannot ‘sort of’ agree or disagree by standing near but not completely to one side or the other. ▼ ‘Neutral Zone with Discussion’. It is important in this version to limit discussion time. no discussion about decisions is allowed. Those in the neutral zone gain clarity and can then take a stand in either the agree or disagree areas when ready. as it tends to continue indefinitely if not monitored. and encourage discussion as time allows: ■ What did it feel like to play this game? ■ What was it like to be alone on one side of room? Section 2. participants discuss and explain their reasons for agreeing or disagreeing with statements.\n\nAsk everyone to move their chairs to the edges of the room and then stand. 48 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Tell participants that this game is played in silence. They should imagine that there is a line running down the centre of the room. For that reason. Tell participants that some of these descriptions may be highly personal. forming one line along one wall of the room. they also have the choice not to cross the line (and remain in place). Tell participants that you will read a list of personal descriptions.■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ What was it like to be with the larger group (majority)? Did anyone’s opinion surprise you? Did anyone change (or want to change) their opinion based on the responses of others? Where do our values come from? Do we ever make assumptions about people’s values based upon who they are or what they do? What do we do if our group’s message differs from our personal values? Closure Thank participants for their enthusiasm and honesty. facing the opposite wall. they can cross the line. if any participants think the description fits them and they feel comfortable identifying themselves. After each description. Begin reading the following descriptions. even if the description fits them. Participants who crossed the line should return to the main line for the next statement. and face the rest of the group. Exercise: Crossing the Line Objectives 20 minutes To show participants how it feels to have a secret – a potential source of shame or pride – and make decisions about whether to share it with others To help participants feel what it is like to be marginalized and isolated Materials Descriptions for Crossing the Line Process Make sure that all participants are standing in a straight line on one side of the room. turn around.\n\nand economic status. Add or delete descriptions as appropriate for the group’s culture. Descriptions for Crossing the Line ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ women men girls boys women with brown eyes men with blue eyes short people tall people people who are the eldest child people who are the youngest child people under age 18 people over age 18 people over age 30 people who are Christian people who are Hindu people who are Muslim people ever called fat people ever called skinny people born outside of (your country) people who smoke cigarettes people who drink alcohol people who have spent time in jail people who have ever been married people who have parents who did not graduate from secondary school people who wear eyeglasses or contact lenses people who have ever worn a hearing aid people raised by a single parent people raised by divorced or never-married parents people raised by grandparents people who were adopted people who went to university people who have ever used illegal drugs people who have ever been in a mixed race/ethnicity relationship Section 2.Workshop 3 Training note The list below must be altered to fit the training group. ethnicity. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 49 .\n\n■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ people who have a twin people who have ever experienced the death of a brother or sister people who have ever stolen anything valued at (US) $100 or more women who have ever been called a tomboy men who have ever been called a sissy people who know someone who is HIV positive or has AIDS people who have friends who are gay. shame. bisexual. Exercise: Crossing the Line Discussion Objectives 20 minutes To discuss participants’ feelings about the Crossing the Line exercise To help participants understand the potential diversity of peer theatre audiences To discuss ways in which secrets. there is likely to be tremendous diversity within that audience. or transgendered people who have ever had sex with someone of the same sex Closure Thank the group for playing this game. lesbian. and stigma hinder our work and how being inclusive benefits our work Materials Flip chart and markers Process Ask the following questions (in order) to generate a discussion until the allotted time elapses: ■ How did it feel to play this game? ■ How did it feel to be in a small group (or the only one) when you crossed the line? ■ How did it feel to be in a large group when you crossed? ■ Did anyone not cross when they really wanted to? ■ Was anyone surprised by someone crossing (without naming names)? ■ How did it feel to cross when it was embarrassing to do so? ■ Why do you think we played this game? Explain that even if a performance is targeted to a specific audience. Help participants 50 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Ask participants to move their chairs into the centre of the room and sit in a circle in preparation for the next exercise.\n\nand B on the flip chart. they should think in terms of ‘KAB’ and make sure their message aims to affect their audience’s: ■ Knowledge: the scene should provide important information and useful facts ■ Attitudes: the message should affect emotions and opinions ■ Behaviour: ideally. Write the letters K. Ask participants how they might be able to do that. attitudes. rather than stigmatizing anyone in the audience. Tell them that you will now talk more specifically about scene messages and how to include the whole audience in your peer theatre pieces. they should design messages that are as free of their own personal values and biases as possible. Tell participants that the first thing they should think about when developing a topic for a scene is. Exercise: Values and Diversity – What’s the Message? Objectives To show participants how their values affect the messages and educational objectives they design for their scenes To encourage participants to consider the diversity of the audience when developing messages To help participants understand the importance of basing scene messages in the knowledge. ‘What are our message and educational objective?’ When designing the message and educational objective. and behaviours of their target audience Materials Flip chart and markers Process Gather the group close to the flip chart. A. Closure Thank participants for the interesting discussion. the scene should influence your audience’s behaviour in a positive way Once they know their objectives. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 51 20 minutes .Workshop 3 understand how important it is to be inclusive of people different from themselves. Section 2.\n\nand observe their thoughts and feelings. Similarly. Topic Exploring Adolescent Development Exercise: Guided Meditation – Back to Age 13 20 minutes Objective To help participants remember the stage of early adolescence Materials Questions for the guided meditation (page 53) Process Make sure that everyone in the group is comfortable on the floor and has plenty of room in case they want to lie down during this exercise. and personal and societal biases. listen. Do they feel the need to create messages that they personally believe are valuable but do not consider to be practical or based in reality? If they answer ‘yes’ to either of these questions. even if audiences are composed of peers. what do they think can be done about these dilemmas? Ask participants why it is important to tailor messages to the target population. Closure Thank participants for the interesting conversation. Educators must not depend on what they think they know about a population. they should learn all they can about the target population so that their scenarios reflect that population’s life experience. misinformation. Remind them that messages must be relevant to the audience because every audience is unique in some way. Ask participants if they feel pressure to create ‘correct’ messages that they do not personally believe. 52 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual .Tell participants that they should not assume that other actor/peer educators share their values just because they do the same type of work. which can be clouded by myths. All they have to do is relax. Explain that the group is going to do what is called a guided meditation. they will not necessarily share the actors’ values. Ask participants to push their chairs to the edges of the room and find a comfortable place on the floor for the next exercise. As actor/peer educators.\n\nSpeak in a soft. (Adapt the questions to your participants’ culture. shoulders. thoughts. hips.) Guided Meditation It is early morning and you are just waking up: ■ What does your room look like? Do you share it with anyone? ■ When you get out of bed. Instruct them to remain still and silent throughout the meditation. who is there with you? ■ What will you eat? ■ What things are important to you? ■ What are your favourite activities? Books? TV shows? Movies? ■ Who and what does your ‘world’ consist of? At the end of the meditation. Begin by asking everyone to think back to a time when they were between the ages of 10 and 13. legs. and lives at this age. ■ How do you feel about your body? ■ How tall are you? How much do you weigh? ■ What are you going to do today? ■ Who are going to spend time with? ■ Are you going to school? To play? ■ Who are your friends? ■ Will you eat breakfast? If so. ask the group to pay attention to their breathing. suggest that they remember a certain day. Dim or turn off any bright lights and close the door so that the room is quiet. and have them come back to awareness of the present time. such as the first or last day of school. Ask them the following questions to prompt them to remember things about their bodies. soothing tone and pause between the instructions and questions to give participants time to mentally travel back in time. genitals. Section 2. your hair. or a holiday. waist.Workshop 3 Ask everyone to close their eyes and try to relax. To help them focus. a birthday. what does your body look like? Look at your face. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 53 . what are you going to wear? ■ When you look in the mirror with no clothing on. chest. your neck. feelings. and arms.\n\nAsk how they are feeling. and physical changes associated with different stages of adolescent development Materials Flip chart paper labelled ‘Stages of Adolescent Development’. felt. and late adolescence (ages 17 to 20) depending on the time available and whether your audiences will be comprised of people in these age groups. emotional. Write their answers in the appropriate columns. and thought about when they were age 13 in the guided meditation. and thought during these stages. 54 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . and Late Adolescence Process Tape the flip chart page to the wall. Explain that now they will discuss what they experienced and write some of that feedback on the flip chart as part of a review of the stages of adolescent development. Ask participants to bring their chairs around the flip chart. ask them what they saw. Record these answers in the ‘early adolescence’ column.Training note You can continue this meditation to cover middle adolescence (ages 14 to 16). Early. felt. if you continued the meditation for middle and late adolescence. markers. including physical and emotional changes. Middle. Closure Thank them for their willingness to participate in the meditation. Middle. and Annex 2. Thank the participants for their involvement. Next. If you did not have time to visualize these stages. Ask participants what they saw. Exercise: Brief Review of Early. Answer any questions. and Late Adolescence 20 minutes Objective To review the cognitive. ask the group to try to remember what life was like for them at that age. Closure Briefly review the major changes that occur as one passes from early to middle to late adolescence.\n\n(See Annex 2. Discuss several topics (for example. divide participants into three or four groups and give a piece of flip chart paper and markers to each group for a 15-minute activity.) Next. core message – don’t have sex before you have considered the possible consequences and have taken action to avoid pregnancy). Early. and evaluating age-appropriate messages for peer theatre scenarios Materials Flip chart and markers Process Review the importance of understanding the stage of adolescence of the audience they are trying to reach. Ask each group to think of a topic and a core message about that topic (e.. topic – pregnancy prevention. safer sex or pregnancy) and how the approach to peer theatre might differ for audiences at different stages of development. Section 2. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 55 . Closure Explain that the next activity will involve taking some of the scenes they developed for the earlier workshops and making them age-appropriate and culturally appropriate for specific peer audiences. ask the groups to share their core messages and age-appropriate adaptations. ask participants to adapt the messages to audiences at the three different stages of adolescent development and to write these messages on the flip chart paper. Remind participants that a scene’s situations and the language and behaviour of its characters need to be adapted to suit the audience.Workshop 3 Exercise: Developing Age-Appropriate Messages and Scenarios Objectives To teach participants to apply what they learned about adolescence to the development of age-appropriate educational messages and scenarios 40 minutes To explain the difference between effective and ineffective messages To give participants practice developing. and Late Adolescence for information and suggestions. After 15 minutes. Middle. Discuss the messages and their appropriateness. presenting. Once the groups have their core messages.g.\n\nWhat is appropriate for one age group is often not appropriate for another.) for young people of a different age than they originally intended to reach. Closure Prepare the stage. etc. ■ Be aware of the stages of adolescent development (see Annex 2). Learn all you can about traditions and norms of different groups of people. and ask participants to move close to it to watch the scenes as they are performed.. Ask participants to find scene partners from earlier workshops and then adapt their scenes (including educational objectives. Respect the fact that many in the audience will be dealing with family and personal issues (such as divorce. Try to ensure that theatre pieces do not alienate those who may be different from you.g. Alternatively. they could adapt their scenes for a different type of youth (e. difficulty staying in school. out-of-school youth instead of in-school youth). Allow participants 10 minutes to discuss how they plan to adapt their scenes. race. It is the actor/peer educator’s job to represent accurately the realities faced by target populations. messages. 56 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . sexual identity. and culture on the audiences’ lives and decisions.Adapting Scenes – Marrying the Message with the Audience Topic Exercise: Scene Adaptation – Planning 20 minutes Objective To learn to adapt scenes to reach diverse audiences of peers Materials Flip chart and markers Process Briefly remind participants of the following points: ■ Be ethnically/culturally sensitive and proficient. but tell them to avoid practising them. relationships. ■ Be inclusive.). etc. and this includes the impact of ethnicity.\n\nFour Peer Theatre Training Workshops 57 30 minutes . Were the partners successful in their adaptation? What worked well in the scene and what could have been better? Training note You should challenge participants to adapt scenes appropriately. For example. Discussion. How many rehearsals are needed? What changes would they make? Closure Answer questions and thank participants for their work. After each presentation. Section 2. Discuss how the language. discuss what steps are now needed to make these scenes performance quality. without telling for whom they were adapted. Finally. point out that messages might sound condescending if they are too simple for an older audience. and Next Steps Objectives To present scene adaptations prepared in the previous exercise To evaluate the adapted scenes To discuss next steps in the creative process of scene development Materials Flip chart and markers Process Ask for volunteers to present their adapted scenes. and location of the scene were adapted for the audience. situation. Ask participants to move their chairs to the edges of the room and form a circle in the centre of the room for the closing. ask the group to guess who the new audience is.Workshop 3 Exercise: Scene Adaptation – Presentation.\n\nor clap. 58 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual .) Closure Thank participants for their hard work. snap. and encourage participants to stay and talk to you or each other after the workshop ends. end the session with a group stomp. (Any version of this closing is acceptable.Exercise: Closing Circle Objectives To close the workshop with a ritual To thank the participants for their attention and involvement 5 minutes Materials None Process With participants in a circle. Tell them that Marrying the Message can be an emotional experience for many people.\n\nas long as it can generate an interesting post-scene discussion. Workshop Objectives To explain the various activities and roles involved in post-performance facilitated discussion. Time 3 hours Materials ■ Flip chart ■ Markers ■ Tape ■ Prepared scene for demonstration Two actors – either workshop participants or outsiders – will be needed to perform the scene. To review effective facilitation techniques. Can We Talk? Effective Post-performance Discussion In this workshop. participants learn how to facilitate post-performance discussions effectively and discuss the roles of the facilitator and actor/peer educators in these discussions. The topic of the scene is not important. give them enough advance notice so that they can plan an appropriate scene. If using workshop participants. following this mock session. review what made the session successful and what could have been done more effectively.Workshop 4. Section 2. To give participants an opportunity to practise and evaluate a facilitated session. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 59 . They role play a question-and-answer session and.\n\nor other familiar games. Welcome participants back to the training. Zop (page 69). Lead the group through a series of exercises. Write their answers on the flip chart. Closure Take questions. Zap. Ask everyone to get their chairs and gather near the flip chart. Explain that this workshop will focus on effective post-performance facilitated discussion.Topic Introduction and Warm-up Exercise: Warm-up Circle and Exercises Objectives 10 minutes To relax and warm up participants To explain the purpose of the workshop Materials None Process Ask participants to stand in a circle. Exercise: Characteristics of Facilitation Objectives 20 minutes To identify the key players and their functions in a facilitated discussion To explore the factors that make each post-facilitation role important Materials Flip chart and markers Process Ask participants the questions below. ■ What is facilitation? ■ What makes a good facilitated session? ■ What are the characteristics of an effective facilitator? ■ What are the different roles involved in facilitating a peer theatre post-performance discussion? 60 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Zip. including Pass the Beat (page 21).\n\nThe facilitator must create a ‘safe space’ by using friendly. What makes an actor/peer educator effective during facilitation? What is the actor/peer educator’s function? Actor/peer educators are effective during facilitation when they remember the educational objectives of the session and stay focused on their role. you can reinforce the information during discussion. Discuss the key points you want to cover and the specific function of each actor/educator and facilitator in the interactive discussion. What makes a good post-performance facilitation? A good facilitation session depends on thorough planning. What makes an effective facilitator? What is the function of the facilitator? An effective facilitator understands the goals of the session. focus the message. and answering any questions the audience may have. For example. it may be an actor/peer educator’s task to present myths that can be dispelled or to portray a ‘negative’ role model. any session involving a live audience can present unexpected challenges. She or he is confident enough to lead the discussion but does not appear to be judgemental or impatient. even at the risk of audience disapproval. During the post-performance discussion the actor/peer educator must remain in character. This discussion is led by a facilitator who serves as a bridge between the actors (who remain in character for the discussion) and the audience.Workshop 4 Refer to ‘Characteristics of Facilitation’ in the box and share any important information that was not raised during the discussion. the more effective facilitation will be. juggling and redirecting questions. Section 2. Know your educational objectives for the scene. Ask them to move to an open area of the room and stand in a circle. Of course. and affirming the audience. listening well. but the more that a group plans ahead. giving answers that are logical and appropriate to her or his character. welcoming body language. and think about how. The actor must be willing to commit to these roles. as a group. dispelling myths. Characteristics of Facilitation What is post-performance facilitation? Post-performance facilitation is the discussion held after a scene or full performance piece has been presented. Closure Thank participants for the interesting conversation. Explain that the group will play a game that highlights some of the challenges of facilitated discussions. This discussion enhances the educational experience by providing the audience with more information. The facilitator must also be able to maintain order. and keep the session flowing. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 61 .\n\nAfter a few minutes. Topic Scene Presentation. Tell participants that they will be participating in a mock post-performance facilitation session in the next activity. After several minutes. ask a second person to throw another sound while the first sound continues to circulate. ask a participant to start a third sound. and so on.Exercise : Sound Toss 10 minutes Objective To illustrate through experience how hectic facilitated discussions can become Materials None Process Ask a participant to make a sound while he or she pantomimes throwing a ball to another participant across the circle. and markers (located to the side of the ‘stage’ area) 62 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . stop the game. Discuss the group’s reaction. As the first sound moves around the circle. All three sounds must continue to be thrown at the same time. Facilitation. Closure Take questions and then ask the group to return to their chairs near the flip chart. Explain that the game is hectic in much the same way a post-performance facilitation session can be. Facilitators can expect to see many hands raised as people become excited. The person ‘catching’ the sound should then ‘throw’ it to someone else. flip chart. and Processing Exercise: Scene Presentation and Facilitation Demonstration 30 minutes Objective To demonstrate an effective post-facilitation discussion Materials The prepared scene. and they will need to juggle many things at once.\n\nParticipants will be the peer theatre attendees. Training note The note taker should take notes during the discussion. one to serve as the post-performance facilitator and another to take notes on the flip chart. 2) the effectiveness of the facilitator. two trainers would lead this session. Lead participants through a well-executed facilitated discussion with the ‘audience’ and the actors who performed the scene. with the flip chart turned away from the group.Workshop 4 Training note Ideally. 3) and the appropriateness of the actors’ responses. Exercise: Post-performance Discussion Objectives To review the strengths and weaknesses of the facilitation demonstration in the previous exercise 20 minutes To review factors that make facilitated discussions effective Section 2. Tell participants that it is now time to evaluate the discussion. stop the facilitation and thank the actors and the audience. Closure At the time limit. Process Explain that the group will now pretend that this is an actual performance for a peer group. Divide the paper into three columns: 1) flow of the discussion. At the conclusion of the scene. Four Peer Theatre Training Workshops 63 . Ask the actor/peer educators to present the prepared scene. thank the actors.\n\nidentify a postperformance facilitator. have the note taker share his or her thoughts on the flow. Exercise: Facilitation Practice 45 minutes Objective To provide an opportunity for participants to practise leading a facilitated discussion and receive feedback Materials Flip chart and markers Process Divide participants into three groups that include scene partners from previous sessions. Discuss the key points recorded in the notes regarding what was and what was not effective. ask the note taker to reveal the notes he or she took during the facilitated discussion. Ask each group to choose a scene to perform. facilitation.Materials Flip chart with notes taken in last activity and markers Process Review the functions of the actors and facilitator. Closure Thank the groups for their efforts. After the groups have had 10 minutes to discuss their scenes and facilitation. Remind them that facilitating post-performance discussions is a skill that they will gain through experience and practice. Have each group present their scenes and lead a five-minute post-performance discussion. and actors. Next. Brainstorm about how the discussion could have been improved. Then. and select a note taker. bring the groups back together. Give the actors and participants positive feedback on their work during this session. Was the flow of the discussion choppy? Did it drag or move too quickly to make important points? Did the facilitator encourage the audience to ask questions? Did he or she appear welcoming and non-judgemental? Did actors stay in character and answer questions appropriately? Closure Answer participants’ questions. Point out that it takes considerable practice to become good facilitators. Allow the rest of the audience to give its feedback as well. 64 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual .\n\nFour Peer Theatre Training Workshops 65 20 minutes . flip chart. Ask whether participants have any questions. A peer educator training to facilitate must go through a period during which she or he assists the head facilitator. because then the intervention will truly be a peer-to-peer experience. Finally. work. always ready to step in and assist as needed. then graduates to co-facilitator when experienced and ready. but only with a trainer supervising from the audience or from the side. this young person may be allowed to lead. This is the ideal scenario. but rewarding. including: ■ using inclusive and non-judgemental language ■ diffusing confrontation ■ using humour ■ using body language that reflects eagerness to interact with the audience ■ maintaining eye contact with the audience ■ asking unspoken questions ■ managing unruly participants Acknowledge that facilitation is hard. However. peer facilitators need intensive training and supervision. Closure Give positive feedback to all the workshop participants. and markers Process Share with participants some of the important skills necessary for good facilitation. experienced and trained actor/peer educators (or more traditional peer educators who do not perform but are part of your team) can lead the post-performance facilitated discussion.Workshop 4 More on Post-performance Facilitation In time. Section 2. Topic Final Questions and Review Exercise: Facilitation Review Objective To review the major lessons about facilitation Materials Flip chart pages with notes from earlier facilitation exercises.\n\nrehearsing. stomps. clarify your expectations of trainees and their expectations of you and the remainder of the programme. To close the workshop with a structured ritual Materials None Process Ask participants to share one word that describes either how they feel at the workshop’s end or something they have learned. If this is just the first step in a larger process that will involve more training and creating..) similar to your previous closing circle activities. Exercise: Closing Circle Objective Training note It may be appropriate to hold a more formal workshop closing. Participants may want to help plan a closing ceremony. Closure Thank participants for their hard work. and performing new scenes. ask participants what they plan to do with their training in theatre-based techniques in peer education. Learning facilitation and acting skills takes time. claps. Tell them that you and the other facilitators will remain available for comments and questions after the workshop ends. etc.e. 66 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . but the process will be fun and exciting. Remind participants that they are just beginning to practise an exciting new form of education. Congratulate them on finishing the workshop series.Exercise: Next Steps 20 minutes Objective To clarify expectations for the future Materials None Process If this is a one-time training for a group. Closure Ask participants to move their chairs to the edges of the room and then stand in a circle in the centre. Lead the group in a series of simple movements (i. Congratulate participants on their new skills in theatre-based peer education.\n\nSection 3 More Theatre Games and Exercises 3 More Theatre Games and Exercises .\n\nRotate until all have participated as jumpers. The group lifts the player gradually up over their heads and around the room. Mariechild It is important to have a variety of games and exercises from which to draw for training and rehearsals. There are five categories of exercises in this section: ■ trust building ■ ensemble building ■ observation and movement ■ improvisation ■ emotional availability Trust Building The Lift A player lies on the floor with the group surrounding her or him. This section includes additional games and exercises that did not appear in Section 2. Other exercises help with both acting skills and improvisation techniques. Some are designed to improve acting skills and techniques. players jump from a chair or a table (approximately one metre off the ground) into the arms of the group. Rotate players until all have participated. Each member of the group is responsible for lifting a part of that player’s body. approximately 30 centimetres apart with arms extended and spread to create a ‘landing field’. One at a time. I’ll try it. New games and exercises keep training fresh and provide more options for solving acting problems as they arise. small voice that says. while some help actors hone their abilities as improvisers. Caution: the group must be sure to cushion the jumper’s landing. More Theatre Games and Exercises 67 .’ – D.3 More Theatre Games and Exercises Trust that still. ‘This might work. The Jump The group stands in two lines facing each other. Section 3. They vary in their skills-building objectives. These games and exercises are just some of the hundreds of theatre exercises that are used all over the world.\n\nGibberish Story Telling Proceed as above. Movement A player in the circle shows a physical movement to the player on the right. The others gently catch and stop the player as she or he gets to them. whose eyes are closed and feet are together. and they face the other players and the facilitator.The Blind Run The group lines up across one end of a large room. One way is for the facilitator to ask the team to tell a story (the facilitator can determine the topic). One blindfolded player runs towards the line of people. who continues the story until passing it again. or answer questions from the group. Participants in the circle pass the player in the centre around while she or he completely relaxes and allows the group to move her or him. No one player should try to lead – this is about ensemble and trust. everyone can write down what they think the story was about and compare their ideas. The players in the circle tell that story. At the end. Their arms should be over their teammate’s shoulders. Rotate until all have participated as runners. at 68 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Story Telling I With the players in a circle. Ensemble Building One Voice Teams of two to four people line up one by one on the stage. each player copies it and sends it on until it gets back to its originator. The team should speak slowly and try to maintain eye contact with each other. One by one. Rotate until all have participated in the centre. with each player saying one word at a time as the story travels around the circle. speak as an expert on a topic. A player begins and passes the story as before. the facilitator calls out the title for a story. only a player tells the story up to certain point and passes it to the player to the right. Story Telling II Proceed as above. with no set script. The Blind Circle The group forms a tight circle around a player in the centre. only give no title to the story. All of the members of a team will speak together as one voice. There are several ways to play this game. only it is spoken in gibberish – no real language is used. Another way is to have two teams on stage improvise a scene as two characters.\n\nplayers sit up. Animal Exercise Divide into groups of four or five players. if they can. he or she is out of the game). Zop The group stands in a circle. Where are the other players? Where are they in relation to everyone else? Tell them to explore the stillness and the energy of the group. After a few minutes. remove a few players. In this exercise. etc.. Gradually. Variation: Add sound with movement. exploring their own bodies and environment as if for the first time. The game continues with the words passed in this order. The players on the left and right are instructed to compete for the attention of the player in the middle by whatever means necessary (within reason and without physically touching the player in the middle at any time). When everyone is relaxed.e. ‘Zip’. Ask them to get a sense of the room. More Theatre Games and Exercises 69 . ask the players to move out from the huddle. stand. with their arms around each other’s shoulders (called a huddle). Observation and Movement Awakening The players lie on the ground with their eyes closed. groups are confined to specific boundaries and. Zip. explore their animal and their relationships to other animals in their group. Section 3. To end. Discuss the exercise and its application to working with characters.which point the player on the right begins a new movement and sends it around the circle. The receiving player points to another person. Each player in the group picks an animal they want to become. have everyone open their eyes and discuss the exercise. if the receiver speaks incorrectly. The Huddle Have the players stand close together. Ask them to close their eyes and be silent while you lead them through a minute of deep inhales and exhales. This exercise should last at least 30 to 45 minutes. The new receiving player points across the circle and says. The player who starts points across the circle to another player. and says. etc. Hot Seat Three players sit side by side. who can then open their eyes and observe what is happening. Zap. continuing to close their eyes and staying physically connected. Players should try to pass the proper word smoothly. and says. for a designated time. makes eye contact. makes eye contact. Players are told to open their eyes and see the world with new eyes. This can also be played as an elimination game (i. ‘Zap’. ‘Zop’.\n\nTempo Changes Divide into groups of five to six players. the players fill in the space around them when their number is called. Discuss how anything not neutral makes a statement. For example. ‘Twos’ and everyone with the number two steps in to fill the empty areas between themselves and other players. Advanced version: The players work on three levels: low.’ etc. ‘Five’ is in the middle. and the players fill those spaces. each group moves continually at the tempo called out by facilitator. lightness. Clay Game Three players come forward and face the group in a neutral position. The facilitator calls out physical states – such as a shift in tempo. Moving to Music The players spread around the room. At the next cue from the facilitator. Three other players are ‘sculptors’ who take one player each and sculpt their bodies and faces. The group must find the subtle tempo changes as the exercise progresses. jerkiness. – and the players respond with their bodies as they move around the space. The facilitator works with the players to find true neutral positions. bubbles. In clearly defined areas. Working in a defined space and standing in a neutral position. middle. the group runs again. or three. two. 70 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . The facilitator calls out. smaller. make those movements larger or smaller. etc. Stillness to Speed Ask the players to run around the room at full speed. At a cue from the facilitator. ‘Twos go low. everyone freezes and becomes absolutely still and silent. the facilitator will call out. the facilitator asks the statues to come alive as characters reflecting their new body changes. The facilitator plays different pieces of music while the players explore how that music affects their bodies. After a few minutes. heaviness.’ ‘Ones go high.Moving through Space Participants begin to walk around the room. traveling through a cloud. After a few minutes. Talk about how ‘feeling’ the tempo is related to scene work. Neutrality The players spread out around the room and try to find completely neutral positions for their bodies. Fill in the Space The players are assigned the numbers one. tightness. ‘Ten’ is as fast as players can move. ‘One’ is barely moving. or high. larger.\n\nSome examples of states of being include: powerful.g. and so on. Statues The players work in pairs. All the pairings do this exercise at the same time and within a limited timeframe. the groups present their ‘song’ to the whole group. as above.’ The facilitator goes around room and points to players one at a time. Each of the other players personifies an instrument (e. (e. one at a time. Name Dance The players have 20 minutes to create a dance piece that uses their entire body to spell their name.Improvisation Frozen One-Liners The players move freely around room. joy. The facilitator calls out a word. and school books). love. First. More Theatre Games and Exercises 71 . Orchestra II One player is the conductor. On three. sad. the conductor leads the group as a whole. nervous. heavy. rice. trumpet or violin) with sound and body.. light. Then the facilitator counts to three. Player A has to tell Player B a story using all three words.g. and players describe their frozen positions in one sentence. Group Expression The facilitator calls out different states of being for the entire group to express themselves (either as a group statue or a moving mass). expansive. After the first round. The groups can add movement in the second round. angry. Next. The facilitator calls out three words or phrases that do not relate (e. the partners turn and instantly create a statue that expresses that word and freeze. feeling. going louder and softer. tree. Section 3. issue. or sex). positioned back to back. etc. or drunk. hate. fading groups in and out... using all players in the group. Orchestra I One player is the conductor. and it is Player B’s turn to tell a story. the facilitator calls out three more words. ‘Freeze.g. The facilitator calls out. The conductor leads the orchestra. happy. Three Words The players divide into pairs. etc. The players divide into groups of three or four to create an original musical phrase (two or three measures is enough).\n\na third player waits outside the room. For a variety of reasons. Giving Scene Events Two players are asked to improvise a scene and are given a relationship. Player A: ‘Once’. and time of day. B: ‘was’. the scene is about two siblings whose father is sick with AIDS. 72 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Lead a discussion about how the third player affected the scene. and time of day. the participant’s fear is much more manageable and can be instructive. conflict. Player B: ‘upon’. and so on). the players in the middle of their improvisation will have to adjust. Remember to be sensitive to cultural norms regarding touch and other issues. your father is very ill. The facilitator gives the players a title of a story. and time of day. When the facilitator lets the third player in. and adjust exercises as needed. location. location. ‘Come to the hospital. location. One character gets a call from the hospital saying. some of these games are initially intimidating for participants. Third Person Enters the Room Two players are asked to improvise a scene and are given a relationship. Meanwhile. conflict. A: ‘a’. Each pair creates the story together. The players must play the scene in reverse – starting with the last line. especially when playing theatre games. (For example. A: ‘there’.’) By adding an event. one word at a time (for example. Freedom and Fun Foster an environment of freedom and fun in your training sessions. The level (or even existence) of intimidation will vary by the individual and by game or exercise and could surprise the participants. She or he has only been told who they are and what information or fact they will bring into the scene. even after playing the game for some time. conflict. the scene takes on added urgency. B: ‘time’. Scene in Reverse Two players are asked to improvise a scene and are given a relationship. then the next-to-last line and continuing to the beginning of the story.Word at a Time The players work in pairs. If it has been established that in the workshop or training it is impossible to ‘do it wrong’. They are also given an ‘event’.\n\nthey move through the emotions: happy – angry – sad – happy. two cast members hold down the player’s feet while she or he attempts to walk and deliver the lines. etc. Foreign Movie Two players work as ‘actors’ in a foreign movie while two players act as ‘dubbers’. wind. and on 9-10 they are happy again. Susan. stampeding horses. bring the groups back together and have the story performed by the first group while the second group acts out the elements. Section 3. Physical Impairment This exercise is useful when a player experiences a ‘block’ in the development of a scene or a particular character. The facilitator must monitor them. with one half planning the story (which should include all the elements). After the groups have had a chance to plan and choreograph. The facilitator asks a question (e. falling trees. The player is instructed to deliver his or her lines from the scene with some sort of physical restriction (e.g. and the other half adding movements for each element (e. who continues the story and passes it back.The Fairy Tale The entire group picks out seven or eight ‘elements’ to include in a fairy tale or traditional story (e.g. on 1-2-3 they might be happy.. The audience can ask questions at any time. (For example. non-violent. Next. ‘John. Telling a Lie Two players face the group: They are children (siblings or best friends).. More Theatre Games and Exercises 73 . or it can be substituted with lines of monologue instead of counting.g. It can be modified to either five or 20 counts. As they count. Emotional Availability HASH (Happy – Angry – Sad – Happy Happy) Each player counts to ten. then turns to the other.g. Caution: This exercise should only be used in a group situation where cast members have developed a sense of trust. rain. lightening. and clear to the group.g. The boundaries of the restriction must be simple. on 4-5 they might be angry.). or several players form a human wall that the player attempts to get through while delivering the lines). clapping hands for rain). The actors act a scene and the dubbers speak for them. the more fun. how did the dog get painted red?’) and the two children share the explanation. The more outlandish the story. Each element should also be given a sound (e... for the lightening flashing everyone jumps in the air with their arms straight up). on 6-7-8 they might be sad..) This exercise allows players to explore feelings and emotions. etc. the group should be divided in half. One starts.\n\nAffect the Player The players divide into pairs. Players may be directed to elicit two different emotions from their partner. Player B makes Partner A feel elated).g. while allowing themselves to be affected by the actions of their partner. or gibberish may be used. This exercise is most often done without talking. Player A makes Partner B feel confused. Each player is directed to elicit a specific feeling or set of feelings from his or her partner. but neither player is aware of the objective of the other (e. although actions. The players are instructed to strongly and actively pursue their objective. sounds. 74 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual ..\n\n4 Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes: Forming and Building a Theatre Company Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes Section 4 .\n\nForming a Theatre Group Identifying Goals and Priorities Before you begin casting and auditioning. Remember that this vision may change and evolve as you work. and performing them – are pre-requisites for using this section. but many of the ideas can also benefit all peer education programmes using theatre techniques. Boldness has genius. The basic skills covered in Sections 1 and 2 – such as developing educational objectives. and other issues. and magic in it. Think about what you want your show to look like and how you can achieve that goal. or does your funding source mandate that you address a specific concern? ■ Will you be creating original material or will you have a script provided for you? (The authors of this manual highly recommend using improvisation as a means to develop scripts. scene refinement.4 Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes: Forming and Building a Theatre Company Whatever you can do or dream.) These factors affect short. you can begin it. what. ■ What kinds of topics will you cover with your theatre piece? ■ Will your cast have input into the content. as well as rehearsal planning. For example. so remain open and flexible as things unfold. it is helpful to be specific.and long-term goals. power. Art tends to take on a life of its own as you surrender to the creative process. casting and auditioning. rehearsals. and where’ technique Section 4. The section addresses identification of goals and priorities. Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes 75 . creating scenes. training. you will want to refine your vision of the theatre group you want to develop and the educational goals you have for specific pieces. – Goethe This section is designed as an introduction and overview of how to build a theatre company. This section is written for those considering the development of a theatre company. logistics and management. if you have no pre-written script – the actors themselves will be creating the material in rehearsal – your initial goals might be to: ■ identify the health issue(s) to be covered in the show ■ brainstorm the issue(s) using the ‘who. At the outset.\n\norganization. ■ If you need musical instruments. Remember. Must peer educators be able to write at a certain level? What types of activities will they be required to do in addition to acting? Auditioning Actor/Peer Educators If possible and practical. giving the show a shape) work on backstories and post-performance discussion Accomplishing these goals will take in-depth planning. will the piece incorporate music or dance? Will performers need to play an instrument? It is important to find an appropriate balance between the need for talented actors and talented peer educators.■ ■ ■ improvise and refine the scenarios work on connecting and strengthening the pieces that result from the improvisation (e. which are less concrete but important for a theatre company to work at the highest possible level: ■ building trust and unity within the ensemble ■ working on physical.g. and. Here are a few audition tips to keep in mind: ■ Announce the audition in the community (among the target audience) in various ways.. For example. and many hours of work over several weeks or months. consider the goals below. in general. 76 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . and handing out flyers in the market. auditioning. cast members will need training in both areas. emotional. Also. Auditioning actor/educators will help you identify those who are most committed to acting and peer education and give you an idea of the range of talent upon which you can draw. Programme managers need to consider an array of casting issues based on the demands of the performance piece. such as by attending community meetings. and casting appropriate actor/peer educators is a major activity for an organization that intends to develop a full-length theatre piece or use theatre as a primary component of a peer education programme. and vocal flexibility ■ improving acting skills and techniques ■ improving musical and vocal skills Casting Actor/Peer Educators Recruiting. visiting schools. adding music. make certain that they are available and in the room. ■ Be sure the audition space has room for young people to move freely and that it has a table and chairs for staff. Think about the peer education skills the programme requires. audition young people from the target audience for roles in the theatre piece.\n\nDecide ahead of time how your staff will communicate with each other during the audition. To save time. You’re ready! Section 4. Be sure that all participating staff are clear on arrival and departure times. Now. Assign an audition monitor to register people when they arrive and to collect contact information. Audition Checklist ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Be clear about what you are looking for. Be respectful of the young people who audition for you. Prepare information sheets. and coordinate your audition dates and times based on space availability. signage.■ ■ If you can. you may also want to assign an assistant to the monitor to escort individuals in and out of the audition room. and any other procedural details. Be sure that they are well trained. Publicise the audition with newspaper ads. callback slips (optional. provide a reception area (preferably with a door that closes) that is separate from the actual audition space. Rent a piano or keyboard. sign-up sheets. and company photos for display. Be openminded and open to surprises at the actual audition. Discuss everything in advance in order to alleviate miscommunication and tensions among staff. pens. Be sure that all publicity materials are thorough. Find your space. Notify them promptly about whether they will be called back for a second audition or if they were chosen for the cast. but decide ahead of time on your method of asking people to return for additional auditions). Gather tape. staplers and staples. flyers. as they might be your future actor/peer educators. a waiting list. and anything else you might need for audition day. Recruit an audition monitor and assistant monitor well in advance of audition dates. if one is not provided at the audition space. Hire an accompanist. Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes 77 . if necessary. Take two minutes after each audition to discuss the applicant. have a great time. Determine how will you communicate with the monitors. This will allow staff and actors to interact without a lot of background noise. audition applications. when necessary. Determine how many roles are available and how many guys or girls you want to cast. and personal visits. Think about why you are holding the audition. meal breaks.\n\nIn order for rehearsals to be effective. This variety among the actor/educators is actually a gift. because the more comfortable they feel there. People should arrive on time. to fail. special training sessions. Building a Theatre Company Assuming you have a great cast. Remember. and willingness to take risks. Rehearsal Overview Perhaps the most important aspect of building a theatre company is your approach to good.Training the Cast in Peer Education/Health Education Make certain your cast members receive training on the health topics they will be addressing. The exercises assist with long-term skills building. The director must create an atmosphere where there is no right or wrong. openness. and to play. the more open they will be to creativity. creating and refining material is a process that happens over time. It is the responsibility of the director and other staff to set the tone for rehearsals. seek help from organizations in your community that do. and other scheduled training events. Let it be the actor/peer educators’ space. no pass or fail. leave on time. energized.and long-term goals to make your vision a reality. The director should help everyone to feel safe to try new things. including the Training of Trainers Manual in this toolkit series. Your actor/peer educators will have different levels of experience. overly disciplined one. Humour is an essential tool. as they will mentor one another and learn from what each has to offer. The director must also help the group find the balance between a fun. and still have a good time. there are many that are available. If your organization does not have expert health and peer education trainers on staff. and fun space. it is important to create a safe. retreats. and many of the activities should be regularly incorporated into your rehearsals. solid rehearsal planning and preparation. get the work done efficiently. Train the Cast in Peer Theatre Section 2 is designed to help you and your actor/peer educators attain your goals. Thinking in short. you now need to determine short. skill. Although this manual does not contain a training module for youth peer education in reproductive health and HIV/AIDS. to succeed. Some tasks need to be accomplished now and others will not be done for six months or even a year. 78 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . dynamic. open atmosphere and a rigid.and long-term time frames can help you to manage things in a logical order and not become overwhelmed with an urge to do everything at once.\n\ntwo rehearsal sessions per week is about right in terms of time commitment. almost ritualistic. Young people need and thrive on structure as much as they may seem to resist it. and the time needed to get the work done. you will be amazed at how much is accomplished. Compensate. balance with actor/peer educators’ schedules. It will also let everyone know that the rehearsal has begun. school. Alternate between exercises that are physical and those that Section 4. After the warm-up. If Possible Consider paying your actor/peer educators for rehearsal time and their transportation to and from rehearsals. and serves as a ritual. If you establish a structure for rehearsals that is consistent. you should consult the cast.Rehearsal Logistics Keeping in mind that actor/peer educators have other responsibilities – jobs. and extracurricular activities – reflect upon the following questions: ■ How much rehearsal time can you realistically expect from the cast each week? ■ How much rehearsal is too much rehearsal? ■ How much is too little? Before making major decisions. energizes the cast. Games. There are many ways to do this – consult Sections 2 and 3 for exercises that will help get the actor/peer educators moving. You are expecting them to arrive at a specific time and perform a specific task – they should be paid for it. Generally. The ritual helps to define the space as ‘group space’. enough to play at least three or four different games. The key to success is structure. The important thing is to start each rehearsal with a group activity that warms up the body and voice. if it is possible. Allow 30 to 45 minutes per rehearsal for this type of work. Rehearsal Warm-up. gets them focused. Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes 79 . find another way to compensate them. families. Or. and Exercises A warm-up activity focuses energy and motivates actor/peer educators to work. shift into a series of theatre games and exercises. It may take a couple of months to determine if this is enough or too much time. if the budget allows.\n\neducate. 80 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Now invite some people outside your group to watch the piece and tell you what they think of it. Zip. Without this reflection. a scene may never improve. and improvised again and again. have the group reflect on the scenes. Do not be afraid to stop a scene that is not working. build skills. After the actor/peer educators create new scenes. ■ How well does the scene address (fulfil) the educational objectives? ■ Is the scene (including characters and conflict) relevant to the target audience? ■ Is the scene age appropriate? ■ Is the language appropriate for the audience age and culture? ■ Is the language too ‘trendy’? Will the slang be outdated soon? ■ Is the language gender biased? ■ Does the scene contain a blend of humour and conflict? ■ Does the scene convey a message without being preachy or judgemental? ■ Is the scene interesting and engaging to watch? ■ Does the scene raise awareness. Creating a new scene from improvisation and taking it to performance level requires concentrated work and must progress in stages. Zop (5 minutes) Pass the Beat (3 minutes) Grid Walk – Mask Removal (10 minutes) Mirror Exercise (10 minutes) Machines (12 minutes) Scene Creation and Development The largest part of the rehearsal time should be devoted to developing and refining the performance piece(s). evaluated them. Answering the questions below can help evaluate the effectiveness of a scene. This is an excellent way to know if what you created meets your goals. Zap. so do not be afraid of criticism. Once you have performed them for a month or so. Feedback and modification are very useful. it will be time to ‘set’ them. inform. you will have a better sense of what needs to be changed to make them more relevant for your audiences.are more cerebral. Listed below is a sample plan for one 45-minute session of games and exercises (the games are described in Sections 2 and 3). and call for new behaviours? Keep asking these questions as the scene evolves. which means to write them down as scripts. even if you have worked on it for a long time. Once you have created your scenes.\n\nIn real life. Continue to evaluate the emotional balance of your work. Avoid having characters speak too many words. whether presenting a single scene or an entire show made up of several scenes. Section 4. Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes 81 . it is not appropriate to use humour when dealing with an issue such as date rape.Some Things to Watch ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Be careful not to put too many characters in one scene. humour must also be used selectively. can improve an audience’s focus and attention. Each group and its leaders need to look carefully at the presentation as it develops. Behaviour tells the story – sometimes a much more interesting story. you will have ‘earned’ a dramatic moment later. Although humour might be effective in a scene about sexually transmitted infections. tempos. Do not be afraid of humour. and emotional peaks and valleys. In simple terms. something needs to have happened that has changed or will change the lives of the characters. and most audiences will respond more favourably to the drama than if no humour had been used at all. If you have used humour effectively. Humour is an effective tool for many reasons. less is more. which limits their educational value. Humour and Dramatic Tension – Finding the Right Balance Find the appropriate balance of humour and dramatic tension. Watch out for ‘fight scenes’ or other confrontational scenes. which creates some kind of change). Scenes can easily lose focus if they are overcrowded. and as they relax. While the end need not resolve the scene. But. Check the length of your scenes. a middle (they go on some kind of journey in the scene. we use few words. and an ending. Usually. an arc is a beginning (the characters start at point A). Humour. They can easily turn into shouting matches. especially if used early in a presentation. as well as prepare them for more dramatic interactions later. It can help the audience relax. Creating the Flow of the Show The ‘flow’ or ‘arc’ of the show refers to its highs and lows. they will be more open to your message.\n\nwatching the arc. inspiring full-time artistic director who will work tirelessly and selflessly for the programme. Related directly to the arc is the central event of every scene – the key action of the scene. indeed. An effective method for establishing focus is through staging. if you were forced to use no dialogue. have the group form a circle and finish with a closing circle ritual. The closing circle can change with each rehearsal and be led by a different actor/peer educator each time. tips to help you refine your material. try to get some who will help your group. To close the rehearsal. or even do meditation. hire consultant directors and refer to the section below for a few basic. Everything in the scene leads to this key 82 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . positions on stage. Basic Directing Tips ■ One of the functions of the director is to help with the focus of the scene. discussing the rehearsal schedule. of course. The important thing is to do something that brings the session to a close so that everyone does not just drift away. even if it is devoted to an informal check-in. A closing circle should be something very simple. or ‘blocking’. such as having everyone do two foot stomps and a clap or three finger snaps and a breath. The ideal. If you do not have theatre experts on staff. A local or regional theatre company may have someone with directing experience who will either volunteer or agree to help for a small fee. that is. or providing information about upcoming performances or trips. making sure that the journey is clear. sing a song. The director is the critical third eye. logical. Ask yourself. Blocking is where and how actors move on stage. you can create not only focus but also dramatic tension. This could be asking for announcements from the cast. It is part of the bonding process. yet helpful. This need not be expensive. creative. focused. stillness. By using movement. However. while you are searching for this person. the entire show) have an arc (as described previously). and relationships between characters. many local universities or colleges have directing students who will appreciate the opportunity to work on an outside project. and believable. to help determine which character(s) should have the audience’s attention at any particular moment. how would you tell the story using only visual elements? ■ Another role of the director is to make sure that the scenes (and. This company meeting time is important. Direction This manual does not discuss how to direct theatre.Company Business and Closing Circle You could use approximately 15 minutes at the end of the rehearsal to conduct any business. is to have a brilliant.\n\nmoment. Everything after this key moment is changed because of it. There are,\nof course, many other ‘moments’ within a scene; a director is there to help\nfocus the scene.\n\nA director ensures that the piece has a good balance in the use of humour\nand dramatic tension and makes final decisions regarding how humour or\ndrama work with various topics.\n\nThe director must work with the cast to ensure that the piece is believable\nand repeatable. Pieces should not be improvised on stage in front of an\naudience. They are meant to be performed over and over again. While there\nwill be subtle differences in every performance, what makes theatre art is that\nit imitates life. It is rehearsed dialogue that has been so finely crafted that we\nperceive it to be real.\n\nLong-Term Goals\nAfter you have begun performing your show and feel it is effective for your audience, you can begin\naccomplishing some long-term goals. These goals will vary with every company, but something\nworthy of consideration is double (even triple) casting your actors. This means that your actors can\ncover for each other in different parts in the event of illness or other conflicts. Time must be devoted\nto rehearsing actors in various roles. Eventually, you can teach your actors that no one actor ‘owns’\nany one role. An actor may create a character or a scene, but this type of theatre emphasizes the\nensemble, in which the entire group owns all of it.\nOther long-term goals may include scene revisions and re-writes, adding new scenes for topics not\nyet covered, improving facilitation techniques, revising dance numbers, or adding new songs. Each\ncompany will have different long-term goals. It is important to keep rehearsing. Meeting regularly as a\ngroup will keep you tightly knit both as a theatre company and as a ‘family unit’.\nAbove all else, be flexible with your plans. Yes, have goals and objectives, both short- and long-term.\nYes, have a plan. But be willing to discard that plan, especially if something amazing is happening. If a\nscene is really succeeding, do not stop it because your agenda says you have to work on something\nelse. Later on, you will be glad you did.\n\nSection 4. Advanced Peer Theatre Programmes\n\n\nMaintaining Quality\nIt is tempting to think that once you have a scene or performance piece ready, rehearsed, and set\nto go that you can relax and all will go as planned every time. Unfortunately, this is never the case.\nActors change, staffing changes, information included in the scenes is updated or changed to\nreflect new and emerging issues and statistics, scripts get lost, or updates are not recorded. The\nexecutive director, the artistic director, or the person in charge of the overall vision and quality of your\ntheatre company or peer education programme should regularly and rigorously review the scenes,\nperformances, and facilitated workshops. Quality can deteriorate over time if someone is not directly\nresponsible for it.\n\nMusic and Dance\nThe use of original music and dance can be very effective in youth peer\neducation theatre. Music can be utilized in many innovative ways: to create\nan emotionally engaging opening number, to connect scenes, and to enhance\nthe message and emotional level during the performance. When using music,\nschedule regular music rehearsals within the larger rehearsal time.\nLike music, dance can add to your scenes. Dance can be a powerful tool, but\ncreating meaningful pieces requires much rehearsal time and professional help\nfrom consultants.\n\n\nTheatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual\n\nSection 5\n\n\n\n). and their meanings are well known. stand. Actors traditionally mark their blocking in their scripts and learn it just as they do dialogue.1 Annex 1. Theatrical Terms Used in Peer Education Programmes Many of the terms listed below are common. to raise awareness about different pregnancy prevention methods). daily activities. comprehensible. living situation. Educational objectives are created specifically to affect knowledge. post-performance discussion between the actors and the audience. etc. Culturally appropriate Something that is relevant. Annexes 85 . racial.. consider not only the age of the target population. but also the level of development and experience (life experience. performing as characters in those scenes for the peer audience. Facilitation Another term for an interactive. engaging. However. personal likes and dislikes.e.). etc. Actor/peer educator An individual who participates in creating scripts using improvisation. moderated. Backstory The character’s background. comprehensible. Age-appropriate Something that is relevant. and logical to a group of people who are of a similar age. Blocking Stage movement (i. and behaviour (e. engaging. trainers involved in peer theatre have adapted some of these terms as follows. normally set by the stage director. sexual experience. and remaining in character for facilitation. and logical to a group of people who are of similar ethnic. Section 5. where a character walks on stage. etc. Backstories should be details about a character’s family. as well as in health topics. In creating an age-appropriate scene. when and where they sit. The backstory includes every character fact revealed in the script. as well as more facts that are not included in the script.g. or other culturally defined background or experience. attitudes. Educational objectives Well-conceived educational goals for theatre-based educational interventions (role plays and scenes). as created by the actor/peer educator. Actor/peer educators receive intensive training in theatre and improvisation techniques..\n\nyoung teens need to know that they can feel good about waiting until they are older to become sexually active). as in dance. overarching learning goal for scenes and presentations. and behaviour. acting without a prepared script. However.g. Finding one’s neutral body is important because any other position can indirectly tell a story or distract the audience.. and holds together all of life. workshop leaders. coach.Facilitator. Gesture A physical movement using a part of the body. The other terms are used for heads of programmes. KAB Knowledge. Tapping into this energy is the goal of many of the theatre games and exercises contained in this manual. 86 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . attitudes. or an emotional moment during a play (e. Message The broad. Actors can learn tools to improve their improvisational skills. Impulses Best defined as spontaneous urges. penetrates. Improvisation In simplest terms. and groups often follow a prepared outline when improvising a scene. But. trainer. Most people learn to suppress their impulses in daily life. and other individuals filling leadership roles. leader. A director will set a date when all actors should have the script memorized (or. the angst-ridden gesture). This term also refers to group movement. Kinaesthetic energy The mostly invisible energy stimulated by body movement and tensions.g. affect attitudes. Leadership is often divided among youth and nonyouth in peer education programmes. there is never a memorized script if it is to be classified as improvisation. off-book). which connects. Educational interventions should increase knowledge. and impact behaviour in a positive way. programme manager Interchangeable terms referring to the supervisors of peer education or peer theatre programmes.. Neutral A body position that is in alignment and not leaning on one leg or another. The broad message determines the specific educational objectives (e. with relaxed shoulders and arms and the head not aimed at the floor or tilted. they are invaluable tools for actors. Off-book Memorization of the script. This manual generally uses ‘facilitator’ when referring to the leader of post-performance discussions.\n\ndesigners. Stage directions Agreed-upon terms used by actors. end well without a resolution. Target audience The audience the programme intends to reach. Many scenarios. For example. dancers. the what (the conflict. WWW The abbreviation for the factual elements used to build a scene: the who (characters and relationship to each other). a complication (central event or conflict). Theatre-in-education Theatre that is used as a tool for any kind of educational purpose. Effective peer education interventions are tailored for the target audience. Towards the audience is downstage. Establishing these facts at the beginning of an improvised scene will propel it forward. usually performed in an educational setting by trainers.or a wide-ranging demographic. A target audience may be a narrow. the actor would be directed to ‘cross upstage right’. Scenario Another word for ‘scene’. the actor’s right is stage right.Role play A simple scene between two or more people. and other theatre practitioners to refer to stage areas and to instructions relating to stage movement. and away from the audience is upstage. Role plays are often unrehearsed or minimally rehearsed. however. Annexes 87 . the major action) and the where (the location). peers. directors. his left is stage left. A complete scenario will have some form of exposition. to move to one’s right and away from the audience. Section 5. The centre area is centre stage. They are often used to teach communication skills and problem solving. or members of the audience. and a resolution.\n\ndiscussions.Annex 2. Middle. Younger teens respond well to active learning through games and activities rather than lectures. They need to know that adolescent development varies widely and that the changes and new sexual feelings they are experiencing are normal. and Late Adolescence – Developmentally Appropriate Approaches These guidelines reflect general stages in adolescent development. Younger teens tend to respond best to concrete. Young adolescents need information about the changes that occur during puberty and about their emerging sexuality. As a result. Sexuality education and HIV/AIDS approaches should be tailored to be culturally as well as developmentally appropriate. they may laugh. 88 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual 2 . Like all youth. Group discussions can help to reassure younger adolescents that they are not alone. But this information often makes them feel uncomfortable and self-conscious. or behave inappropriately. ‘Am I normal?’ forming positive or negative self-images based upon physical development and characteristics beginning to be romantically or sexually interested in others Tips for developmentally appropriate peer education: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Early adolescence is a good time for providing education about sexuality since it can help teens become informed and knowledgeable before most are sexually active. Younger adolescents are likely to look up to older peer educators as role models and value the education and advice they provide. Early. become embarrassed. younger adolescents respond best to education that offers them options and helps them learn how to think through the decisions they face. Early adolescence Young people may be: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ beginning to struggle for independence from parents and families starting to reject direction from parents and other authority figures feeling frustrated by their continued dependence on adults placing greater importance on their relationships with peers (primarily of the same sex) and peer influence admiring of older teenagers and celebrities beginning to test their value systems and becoming concerned about the difference between right and wrong interested in gender roles and how males and females are supposed to behave concerned and self-conscious about their physical and emotional changes concerned with the question. rather than abstract. Same-sex education is often an effective way to explore some of the more embarrassing material.\n\ncontraception.Middle adolescence Young people may be: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ highly self-conscious and absorbed with the physical changes and intense emotional and sexual feelings that characterize this period feeling insecure and experiencing feelings of low self-esteem feeling a strong need to be accepted by and attractive to peers experiencing frequent feelings of loneliness and isolation beginning to question values they used to take for granted testing limits (their own and those imposed by others) and taking risks feeling invulnerable and immortal forming close relationships with same-sex peers focusing on the present rather than the future Tips for developmentally appropriate peer education: ■ ■ ■ ■ Middle adolescents may still need information on puberty. it can positively influence their peers’ attitudes toward safer sex. safer sex. but they are less concerned at this point with physical changes than they were in early adolescence. Annexes 89 . sexually transmitted infections. Group discussions can help alleviate feelings of isolation. Section 5. Middle adolescents respond well to exercises on values clarification and decision-making. relationships. When peer educators exhibit comfort in talking about condoms or sexuality. etc. Middle adolescents are more interested in information on pregnancy. but they are influenced by the actions and attitudes of their peers. homosexuality. as well as to discussions that give them a chance to explore their own opinions and those of their peers. Middle adolescents are not as likely to look up to peer educators.\n\nsuch as gender stereotypes. concerned about the world and other people able to think more abstractly and exhibit philosophical and existential concerns about the meaning and purpose of life Tips for developmentally appropriate peer education: ■ ■ ■ ■ Older adolescents may have received some factual information about sexuality. Since they are able to think abstractly. Such involvement can contribute to positive behaviour change. they are now more likely to prefer exercises and discussions about the decisions and choices they face. 90 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . While they may need to hear this information again. pregnancy. and disease prevention.and short-term consequences less vulnerable to peer influence and more secure and confident in who they are interested in intimacy and love relationships altruistic and idealistic. Schnee E. Unpublished peer education materials based on developmental stages identified by Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson. Older adolescents may want to become involved in advocacy for sexuality education and related issues. older adolescents enjoy discussions about more philosophical matters.Late adolescence Young people may be: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ concerned about decisions and their possible long. Older adolescents generally respond well to peer educators and admire them for making an effort to help others protect themselves. Source: Berlin C.\n\nConflict and Dialogue: The Hope Is Vital Training Manual Rohd M. Contaminating Theatre: Interactions of Theatre. 1993. Northwestern University Press. Heinemann. Yoder PS (eds. Therapy. Annotated Peer Education Resource List Note: all resources. Theatre of the Oppressed Boal A. are available for free unless otherwise noted. The Development of Africa Drama Etherton M. Learning through Theatre: New Perspectives on Theatre in Education Jackson A (ed. London and Hutchison. 1985. Theatre in Search of Social Change Epskamp K. Northwestern University Press.). Heinemann. Routledge. 1963. Theatre Communications Group. Improv! A Handbook for the Actor Atkins G. 1989. Games for Actors and Non-Actors Boal A. Routledge. except for the books under 1. Theatre materials The books below provide basic information on theatre techniques useful in peer education. Annexes 91 . 1982. Improvisation for the Theatre Spolin V. 1998. 1998. Kendall/Hunt.). CESO. Section 5. Theatre for Community. Improvising Real Life: Personal Story in Playback Theatre Salas J.3 Annex 3. 1994. Theatre Materials. 1. 1992. 1993. and Public Health MacDougell J.\n\norg/images/0013/001305/130516e. nd This document provides practical guidelines for planning and implementing a peer education project and creates awareness of potential difficulties. et al. democracy. P.html Exeter EX2 5SQ.1002---1. It includes plans for 17 sessions with suggested activities and descriptions of ongoing projects. and follow-up ideas. 2000. Available online at: Washington. Peer Learning contains action points. Heavitree. running.html. Suite 750. (eds). and Czech. Guidelines on peer education/youth participation European Guidelines for Youth AIDS Peer Education Svenson G. Church Lane. and citizenship. second and evaluating AIDS peer education projects for young people. It can be 92 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . UK. and offers guidelines to enable policymakers and programme implementers to adopt or adapt appropriate strategies in their own Guide to Implementing TAP (Teens for AIDS Prevention) Advocates for pub/guide/BCC+Handbooks/peereducation. Available online at: http://unesdoc. 2003 This booklet focuses on research on the impact of peer education in promoting healthy behaviour among adolescents. or by e-mail: europeer@exeter. USA Peer Approach in Adolescent Reproductive Health Education: Some Lessons Learned UNESCO Asia and Pacific Bureau for Education. Spanish. Box Attn: second edition. It offers clear guidelines and a flexible structure that can be used across differing levels of participation by young people in many settings. NC 27709. Available online at: http://www. Italian. Greek. europeer. Available in English. Thailand.fhi. Swedish.00 Peer Learning is a popular resource that provides tools with which to train young people to run a peer learning programme. synthesizes field experiences. 2002 This step-by-step guide aims to help adults and teenagers develop and implement a peer education programme on HIV/AIDS prevention in schools and communities. The first two chapters examine the benefits and limitations of the peer education approach.O. It is suitable for work on a range of participative topics such as crime. German.1002---1.2. French.pdf Peer Learning Harey basic and key skills activities. DC 20036. £11. USA How to Create an Effective Peer Education Project: Guidelines for AIDS Prevention Projects Family Health International.unesco. European Commission.htm or by mail at: Family Health International. 1998 This Europeer (the European peer education network) publication provides guidance on setting up. Portuguese. session plans for recruitment and training. 2000 M Street NW. Available online at: http://www. UK Youth. Research Triangle Park.htm or by mail at: Advocates for Youth. by mail at: Department of Child Health. advocatesforyouth.\n\nFrench. Kirby House. and Administration Tindall.00 This resource for programme planners and youth workers examines the rationale and research behind the peer education approach to risk Peer Potential: Making the Most of How Teens Influence Each Other National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. PA 19007-1598. USA 3. Annexes 93 . the book for young peer educators (see 4.unaids.1. It is aimed at those who are responsible for planning. CH 1211 Geneva 27. Order online at: http://www. 1776 Massachusetts Avenue. It outlines in detail successful model peer education programmes. An In-Depth Look at Peer Helping. 20-24 Kirby Street. UK Peer to Peer: Youth Preventing HIV Infection Together Advocates for Youth. Training Manuals).org. 20 Avenue Appia. Order by e-mail at: orders@teenpregnancy. Uses. Washington. 1900 Frost Road. NW. London EC1N 8TS. Suite 200. Available online at: http://www. DC 20036. or by mail at: UK Youth. Bristol. US$15 Three research papers highlight the positive effects of peer influence in teenagers’ lives and warn about ways peer influence can also be harmful. 1999 This brochure discusses the peer education theory and presents a literature review and the results of a needs assessment carried out in Jamaica in April 1999. General research Peer Education and HIV/AIDS: Concepts. 1994 This book focuses on peer counselling and how it can have an impact upon some of society’s problems. Implementation. Accelerated Development. Planning. or by e-mail at: unaids@unaids. 1999 The booklet describes 18 projects aimed at young http://www. Peer. by mail at: UNAIDS. and Challenges Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. They also offer some important guidelines for programme developers and policymakers to make the most of the peers’ potential. Available in English.used in combination with Yes Me!. 1993. US$4. Best Practice Collection. and administering peer-helping programmes. The main objectives are to: ■ promote sexual health ■ empower young people with life skills ■ reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS infection Section or by mail at: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Available online at: http://www. with a focus on HIV prevention. revised edition.unaids. implementing. and Spanish. Available by mail at: Accelerated Development. Suite 101. JA. Research 3. USA Summary Booklet of Best Practices Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.\n\nAvailable in English. reaching especially vulnerable children. Peer education training manuals The Crunch: Negotiating the Agenda with Young People.95 This is a practical guide to developing. and entry into the sex trade ■ build a peer support network ■ reduce discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS ■ assist young people in continuing their education and ensure long-term social and economic security for the participants The majority of the projects include peer education. 20 Avenue Appia.prevent risk of violence. or by mail at: Save the Children. London EC1M 4AR. UK 3. Elliott L. John’s Lane. offers a theoretical framework to support the development of peer education work. The manual illustrates theory and practice using examples of drug. Available in English and French. and 94 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . alcohol. 2000. Training manuals 4.savethechildren. Available online at: http://www. Available online at: http://www. Condensed version in English and Portuguese The findings of this participatory methodology can be used to develop local or national plans of action to promote adolescent health and health information products. 1 St. and offers practical guidelines for good practices. French. £20 This manual describes the context in which peer education has developed. by mail at: UNAIDS. which is administered to other young people in the districts to be investigated. The story is then transformed into a ‘questionnaire’. among young people in the context of their cultural realities.unaids.who. or by e-mail at: publications@who. based on experiences from projects around the world. Research tools The Narrative Research Method – Studying Behaviour Patterns of Young People by Young People World Health Organization. Available online at: http://www. order and evaluating practice in HIV/AIDS-related programming for young people. 1997.unaids. CH 1211 Geneva 27. including sexual behaviour. Save the Children. clinic-based service delivery.1. £12. Monitoring and evaluating programmes for and with young people Learning to Live: Monitoring and Evaluating HIV/AIDS Programmes for Young People Webb D. It focuses on recent learning about peer education. school-based education.3. and Spanish. in which the core group may become involved as facilitators. ■ 3. or by e-mail at: unaids@unaids. monitoring. 8 Swiss francs/US$7.20 This research tool has been extensively used to understand behaviours. A core group of young people is brought together to develop a representative story depicting behaviour in their 4. 1930054. A Peer Education Training Manual The Health Education Board for Scotland. and working with children affected by HIV/AIDS.\n\n1996. Ireland.nyf. Available online at: http://www. Book 2 provides five modules for use in the general preparation and training of potential peer educators. However. by mail at: National Youth Federation. and developing skills in condom use. http://www.pdf. Book 3 provides two modules: one for training HIV/AIDS peer educators and one to help them reflect on aspects of sexuality. Includes activities for managing risk situations.gysd. Available online at: http://www. Ireland. 1996. assessing personal Kirby House. Euro 13. National Youth Federation in association with the Health Promotion Unit. Yes Me! is divided into six broad Section 5.nyf.ukyouth. London EC1N 8TS. or by e-mail at: jrcs@mail. Book 1 is designed to clarify the concept of peer education and includes guidelines on evaluating peer education. £17. Edinburgh EH6 6PP. Annexes 95 .uk Know the Score UK Youth.95 Drug education is the focus of this peer education resource. 4 Bernard Street. 20-24 Kirby Street. All manuals draw on actual field experience.pdf and http://www.00 This easy-to-follow self-development programme enables young peer educators to acquire the understanding and skills needed to run a peer learning group. this publication includes: ■ hints and tips on the strengths and challenges of peer drug-education work ■ training manuals that can be photocopied and used to train peer drug educators ■ activities that peer educators can use or adapt to increase other young people’s awareness about drug issues ■ different ways to evaluate peer drug-education initiatives ■ case studies of two different peer drug-education projects Available online at: Yes Me! UK Youth.00 These three manuals provide or by mail at: UK Youth. Dublin 1. £ resources/ Together We Can: Peer Educator’s Handbook and Activity Kit Jamaica Red Cross HIV/AIDS Peer Education Available by mail at: Fast Forward. or by e-mail at: info@nyf.gysd. and models for peer education projects in youth services. UK Peer Education: A Manual for Training Young People as Peer Educators Book 1: Peer education: an introduction Book 2: Training peer educators (15 training sessions in five modules) Book 3: HIV/AIDS and sexuality (training sessions) Murtagh B. 20 Lower Dominick Street. Designed to be used as a preparation programme for peer educators. the guidelines can be applied to any form of peer education. UK or by e-mail at: admin@fastforward.tobacco education. 1995 This manual is for teenage peer educators working in HIV/AIDS and STI prevention. 1999.\n\n2005 This second edition of the original Y-PEER training manual (2003) expands the content to cover a global audience with additional handouts and training materials. Related training manuals Action with Youth.asp. second edition. C. or by mail at: UK Youth.unfpa. guidelines for programme planning. by e-mail: publicat/catalog/order. Available online at www. It includes basic information on HIV/AIDS and the impact of the 4.guidera@ifrc. Yes Me! contains 23 sessions for young people to work through individually or in a group.sections: getting started. PO Box or youthnetpubs@fhi. by e-mail at: y-peer@unfpa. CH-1211 Geneva 19. Yes Me! explores topics such as non-verbal communication and group dynamics and encourages young people to plan projects systematically and to evaluate their own qualities and strengths.2. 1993 This training manual is intended to be used with young people age 14 and over in youth clubs. Available online at: http://www. training schemes. 1994 This manual is aimed at youth workers with little training in sexuality education. and annex material (resources. Available in English. Kirby House. 2-12 Pentonville or for inquiries. tackling health issues. Warwick I. London N1 9FP. or by e-mail at: jeanine. 20-24 Kirby Street. exercises. by mail at: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. and more).org or planning tactics. a sample peer education session on HIV/AIDS. ukyouth. Family Planning Association UK. UK 96 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . and Arabic. and schools. London EC1N Exploring Healthy Sexuality Jewitt.avert. Horsley C. Spanish. HIV/AIDS and STDs: A Training Manual for Young People International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. 2000 This manual is intended for youth leaders who wish to develop an HIV/AIDS health promotion programme among young people. Switzerland. UK Y-PEER: Peer Education Training of Trainers Manual UNFPA and FHI/YouthNet. Order online at: working with groups. a six-day suggested training curriculum. 20 participant handouts. Order by mail at: Family Planning Association UK. It includes exercises and games introduced by background text that gives an overview of the medical and social aspects of AIDS as well as advice on HIV/AIDS education. A popular and long-standing AIDS: Working with Young People Aggleton P. and doing it for real. Available online at: http://www. AVERT. and ideas for educational activities and community projects. et al.fhi. getting others talking. It includes an overview of conceptual issues. French.ifrc.\n\nAn International Handbook Program for Appropriate Technology in prevention_guide_17. Available online at: http://www. This manual covers five topics: sexuality and reproductive health. 2000 M Street NW. and preventing and living with HIV/AIDS. 2002 This manual fuels the imagination of educators with tips on getting started.path. easyto-use and educational. Chinese. violence to peaceful coexistence. Available in English and French. USA A Participatory Handbook for Youth Drug Prevention Programs: A Guide for Development and Improvement U. curriculum cards. 2000 Available online at: http://www.N. US$60 This is a training pack with interactive exercises on sexuality/life-skills education for young people ages 13 to 18. teachers/protection/only_right.unicef. Spanish. unodc. Who Cares? de Bruyn M. Available online at: http://www. Washington. and overhead transparencies/ handouts. Russian. reason and emotions. and ready-to-use card sets. Each topic Section 5. Office on Drugs and Crime. DC 20036. Suite 750.pdf Project H − Working with Young Men to Promote Health and Gender Equity Instituto 45 games that are fun. France N.Games for Adolescent Reproductive Health. IPAS and HD Network. 2002.html Primary Prevention of Substance Abuse: A Facilitator Guide World Health Organization and the U. fatherhood and caregiving. Available online at: Life Planning Education: A Youth Development Program Advocates for Youth. which includes a manual. It offers a range of activities that will help children get to know their rights and to help them plan action on rights issues.synergyaids. Available online at: http://www.pdf It’s Only Right.php?id=676 Gender or Sex. provides an introduction to the topic of gender and sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Office on Drugs and Crime and The Global Youth Network. guidance on creating your own or by mail at: Advocates for Youth.N. 1995. and Arabic. A Practical Guide to Learning about the Convention of the Rights of the Child United Nations Children’s Fund.who. 2002 This tool for youth groups is aimed at identifying issues of concern relating to substance abuse. Available online at: http://www. 2001 This resource pack. 1993 This guide is intended for youth group leaders and teachers working with young people ages 13 and older. It is designed for use in schools or other youth settings. Available in English. Annexes 97 .\n\norg Young People and Substance Use: A Manual Monteiro M. homelessness. and Spanish.asp 4. and Spanish.). 2002 This is a compilation of energisers.14 This comprehensive training package was developed for street educators (and others involved in programmes for street children) and contains two parts: ■ Ten training modules provide information on the problems street children may face and essential skills and knowledge educators need to function in a dynamic environment on the street. Available online at: http://www. 1999. or by e-mail at: promundo@promundo. icebreakers. French. WHO and Mentor Foundation. English. and gives options that could help the trainer or educator in adapting local needs and resources. and self-expression. £4. Meetings and the Community The International HIV/AIDS Alliance. The manual illustrates many ways to engage young people in the design.aidsalliance. Available online at: http://www. Particular attention is given to the needs of street children.99 This guide helps young people think about their rights through a range of fun and lively activities based around the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child. poverty. Available online at: http://www. ( or by e-mail at: Right Directions: A Peer Education Resource on the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child Save the Children in association with The Guides 100 Ways to Energise Groups: Games to Use in Workshops. 1930151.who. and games that can be used by anyone working with groups in a workshop. Training manuals on counselling (not specifically peer counselling) Counselling Skills Training in Adolescent Sexuality and Reproductive Health.savethechildren. WHO/MDS/MDP/00.promundo. The 40 activities cover a wide range of important youth issues such as bullying.contains a theoretical section and a series of participatory activities to facilitate group work with young men between the ages of 15 and use. revised edition 2001 98 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . Available in English. discrimination. ■ Trainer Tips. Available in Portugese. A Training Package on Substance Use and Sexual and Reproductive Health. Available online at: http://www. 1999. 30 Swiss francs/US$27 This easy-to-use guidebook helps health workers who do not have extensive training or sophisticated resources produce educational materials. order no. a manual that provides ideas on how the subjects can be taught. 2000. includes information on selected Order by e-mail at: publications@who. Including HIV/AIDS and STDs World Health Organization. A Facilitator’s Guide World Health Organization. Working with Street Children. or community setting. and evaluation of educational materials. order no.\n\nUK.textalk. The New Games Book. 2002. The journal of peer education in Scotland Published by Fast Forward Positive Lifestyles Ltd. by mail at: Department of Child Health. Rollnick S. reproductive 1998 Available online at: http://webnews. 2002. Training Guide for Mental Health Journals Xcellent. 1976. Miller The training described in the guide combines basic information about sexuality.who. nd. Motivational interviewing. IA: Main Street European Commission. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2005. New Games for the Whole Family.. 7.This guide is designed to help facilitators conduct a five-day training workshop on counselling skills in adolescent sexuality and reproductive health. produced three times a year. Steele J. Other resources Hettema J.advocatesforyouth. 1988.youth/ http://webnews. Resource guides Annotated Bibliography about Youth AIDS Peer Education in Europe Svenson G.pdf 6.1:91-111. Selverstone R.pdf or by e-mail at: cah@who. Heavitree.3. et al. New Games Foundation. Church Lane. and the principles of non-directive counselling with training in specific interpersonal communication skills. Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change (2nd edition).int 5. Miller Exeter EX2 5SQ. 2001. Available online at: http://www. promotes the development of peer education in the Section 5. Rollnick S. IA: Main Street Books. New York: Guilford Press. Pella. (eds). LeFevre DN. What is motivational interviewing? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 1995. New York: Perigee Books. New York: Sex Information and Education Council for the United States (SIECUS).youth/. subscription: £10 per year This journal. Advocates for Youth. or by e-mail: europeer@exeter. Annexes 99 . Pella. More New Games. Miller WR. US$10 Available online at: Resource Guide for Sex Educators: Basic Resources That Every Sex Educator Needs to Know About Huberman B. New Games Foundation.textalk.\n\nand resources on homosexuality.html Europeer is Lund University’s and the European Union’s resource centre for youth peer education in Western Europe.goaskalice. and strategic assistance to youth-serving organizations.hsph. http://www. by Charles Deutsch and Sharlene Swartz. Featured is a six-volume series called Rutunang: Standards of Practice for Peer Education on HIV/AIDS in South Columbia University sponsors this youth-friendly. and empowerment of young Useful websites This site contains resources for peer education. training.field of 8.ippf. and the media. 4 Bernard Street. Edinburgh EH6 6PP or by e-mail at: admin@fastforward. and information Family Health International works on improving reproductive and family health around the world through biomedical and social science research. Order by mail at: Fast Forward Positive Lifestyles Ltd. AVERT is an international HIV/AIDS charity with useful statistics. and educational question-and-answer Internet health education programme. http://www.europeer. policymakers. provides a forum for debate. and lesson plans developed through a project between Harvard University School of Public Health and various South African government agencies. http://www. training. including training tools. and publicizes useful resources and forthcoming events such as training courses and networking opportunities. innovative health service delivery interventions. It hopes to promote and establish the right of women and men to decide freely the number and spacing of their children and the right to the highest possible level of sexual and reproductive Advocates for Youth deals with issues of young people’s sexual and reproductive health internationally and provides information. information for youth.columbia. funny. development. It focuses on the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) is the largest voluntary organization dealing with issues of sexual and reproductive health. recent updates.. shares good practice. http://www. http://www. youth activists.fhi. 100 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual .avert. news.\n\nUSA. including HIV/AIDS. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) works with partners around the world to promote the recognition and fulfillment of children’s human rights. changing unhealthy The Global Youth Network is an initiative of the International Drug Control Programme of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The programme uses theatre to assist young people in clarifying the health and social challenges they face.unicef. The Global Youth Network aims to increase youth involvement in developing drug abuse prevention policies and programmes. and mitigate the impact of the HIV/AIDS Nitestar is the Theatre-in-Education/Theatre for Social Change programme housed at St. Annexes 101 . http://www. It works in 70 countries and helps children in the world’s most impoverished communities.unodc. http://www.savethechildren. New York. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) supports developing countries. http://www. http://www. safe motherhood. The Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) promotes comprehensive sexuality education and advocates for the right of individuals to make responsible sexual choices.nitestar. particularly family planning.html for extensive information on life skills-based Planned Parenthood’s sexual education site features many articles written by and for young people. Section 5. care for those already Save the Children is the leading British charity working to create a better world for children. Within this site. and the prevention of STIs. to improve access to and the quality of reproductive health care. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital in New York.unaids.unicef. go to: This is the American Social Health Association’s sexual health information site for young Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) brings together the efforts and resources of eight United Nations system organizations to help the world prevent new HIV infections. and developing healthy behaviors. programme/lifeskills. at their request. http://www.\n\norg/ This British network supports and develops high-quality work and educational opportunities for all young people.http://www. opportunities for advocacy. the Middle East. 102 Theatre-Based Techniques for Youth Peer Education: A Training Manual . http://www. resources and The Y-PEER (Youth Peer Education Network) Programme builds the capacity of national nongovernmental organizations and governments to implement high-quality peer education programs in Eastern Europe.youthclubs.youthhiv. a project of Advocates for Youth.youthpeer. Central Asia. and online peer http://www. The purpose is to provide a safe and effective website offering sexual and mental health information. and East Africa. community support. provides a website created by and for HIV-positive youth and HIV peer educators. North Africa. The website includes links to more than 25 country-specific sites and provides resources and communication tools.\n\nFamily Life Educator 1994. Ohio.39-57. Adolescence 1996. Berman L: The other partner: the young man’s role in adolescent pregnancy. Section 5. The potential of drama and songs as channels for AIDS education in Africa: a report on focus group findings from Ghana. Available at: http://www.12(3):4-10. Berlin C. et al. Educational Psychology 1993:13(2):147-54. Shefner-Rogers CL. a project in schools in Kwazuki-Netal. South Africa 1996. et al. Social Foundations of Thought and Action. peers and HIV prevention: a model. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work 1988. Jaffa A. Journal of Health Communication 2002.7(1). Sober-Friedman FS (eds. HIV theatre in health education: an evaluation of “Someone like you.31(124):783-96. Novak G.PDF Dalrymple happenings/conf/upload/Gerrit%20paper1. 2004. Family Life Educator 1995. Maritz G.4 Annex 4. its consequences. 1996. Valente T. L. Harding CS. Department of Drama. Educational Theatre at the Edge of the Crush. 1995. Toit MK. Evolution of the entertainment-education strategy. Pearson J.doc Ward L.ohiou. May 7-10. South Africa: Centre for the Study of AIDS. Pretoria. Annexes 103 . Glik D. Davis P. Chillery M.and early adolescents. et al. Chamberlain R. In AIDS Education: Interventions in Multi-Cultural Societies. Dalrymple L. Ogolla L.” Health Education Journal 1996. Denman S. Bosomphra K. Englewood Cliffs.30(2). Quarterly of Community Health Education 1992. Berman L: Theater. Scheker G. Berlin C.69(6):393-96. Youth performing arts entertainment education for HIV/AIDS prevention and health promotion: practice and research. The evaluation of a drama approach to AIDS education. Sources Bandura A.55(2):156-64. NR/agbioliv/pla_notes/pla_backissues/documents/plan_02314. Available at: http://cscwww. NJ. Using live theatre combined with role playing and discussion to examine what atrisk adolescents think about substance abuse. Participatory educational theatre for HIV/AIDS awareness in Kenya. University of Pretoria. et al.12(4):317-42. Berlin C. 1977. Kavanaugh J.14(1):8-13.cats. 1997. Health Education and Behaviour 2003. Safer LA. International Institute for Environment and Development. In PLA Notes Issue 23(69-74). Rogers EM.129-32.iied. London. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Entertainment-Education and Social Change.) New York: Plenum Press. Program: The NiteStar STARLO theatre education approach to pregnancy and disease prevention for pre. Athens. and prevention. Drama: an effective way to educate about AIDS. Prentice-Hall. The Use of Theatre as Entertainment-Education in HIV and AIDS Awareness and Prevention in the South African Mining Sector – Opportunities for Change. DRAMAIDE.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9961224794387817}
+{"content": "Law360 Recognizes Shook as an “Unbeatable Value”\n\nLaw360 recently reported that Shook, Hardy & Bacon has “stayed on top in the recession, leveraging its Midwestern roots to provide unbeatable value to clients.”\n\nIn researching firms for its annual survey, Law360 named Shook's product liability practice the largest of its kind in the United States. Additionally, Law360 recognized the firm’s environmental and intellectual property practices as among the largest in the United States.\n\nThe Law360 survey is based primarily on overall headcounts, but Shook Chair John Murphy commented that the firm is not as focused on numbers relating to attorneys.\n\n“We have never approached growth in terms of numbers,” Murphy said in the report. “It’s far better to be creative in things like your approach to cases and your billing strategies. My belief is that if you stick to your knitting, the numbers take care of themselves.”\n\nShook’s previous accolades include recognition as Who’s Who Legal’s Global Product Liability Law Firm of the Year and The American Lawyer Product Liability Litigation Department of the Year.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9402369260787964}
+{"content": "This chart shows the long-term effects over the next three centuries of slightly different assumptions about birthrates.  The high scenario assumes a birthrate of 2.35 children per woman; the medium assumes 2.1 (replacement level); and the low assumes 1.85 children per woman.  From World Population to 2300, United Nations, 2004, p 27\n\nIn the book, Australian demographer John Caldwell notes that the “low” scenario relies on a continuation of the current downward trend in birthrates, but it reflects birthrates in European countries higher than they are currently.  Here’s what he wrote (pp 1113-114):\n\nThe medium\n\nscenario from 2175 posits fertility at replacement\n\nlevel with long-term stability around 9 billion, a\n\nfigure first approximately reached as early as\n\n2045. The low scenario exhibits an eventual total\n\nfertility of 1.85 children per woman and a global\n\npopulation slowly sinking from 7.5 billion in 2075\n\nto 2.3 billion in 2300 and then continuing to fall at\n\n0.3 per cent per annum. This would mean a fur-\n\nther halving in the following quarter of a millen-\n\nnium with a 2550 world population back to the\n\nlevel of 1850. The high scenario is finally charac-\n\nterized by a total fertility of 2.35 children per\n\nwoman and a 2300 population of over 36 billion\n\nincreasing by 0.54 per cent annually. …\n\nOne point should be noted. The relatively mod-\n\nest populations projected for 2050, with low, me-\n\ndium and high scenarios at 7.4 billion, 8.9 billion\n\nand 10.6 billion, respectively, and the modest\n\npeak populations for the low and medium scenar-\n\nios of 7.5 billion and 9.2 billion are heavily de-\n\npendent on continuing fertility falls across the de-\n\nveloping world towards sub-replacement fertility\n\nover the next half century. This, in turn, depends\n\non continuing economic and social globalization,\n\nwith all countries eventually becoming consumer\n\nsocieties. …\n\nSurprisingly, the low scenario is by no means\n\nimplausible. It posits a 2100 population of 5.5\n\nbillion people, only 27 per cent or two billion per-\n\nsons below the peak, over two generations earlier,\n\nand equal to global population in the early 1990s.\n\nWhat would render such a population acceptable\n\nis that some sensitive national populations are\n\nprojected to be higher in 2300 than is commonly\n\nthought. Some low projections for 2300 of this\n\ntype are the following: Germany, 31 million (and\n\nstill 40 million in 2200), France, 22 million,\n\nUnited Kingdom, 26 million and the United\n\nStates, 153 million. This would be achieved with a\n\nfinal total fertility of 1.85 children per woman,\n\nadmittedly well above total fertility rates in much\n\nof contemporary Europe…", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9964480400085449}
+{"content": "Eat moderately: Maltitol, xylitol Studies have shown an increase in fiber does not affect blood ketone levels.17 A metabolic process called ketogenesis and a body state called ketosis are responsible. Ketosis is simply a normal metabolic pathway in which body and brain cells utilize ketones to make energy, instead of relying on only sugar (i.e., carbohydrate). In fact, humans developed an evolutionary ability to burn ketones as an adaptation to periods of food scarcity.  Processed foods: Anything that comes in a bag or a box You may notice that if you’re an avid gym goer, you lost some strength and endurance. A temporary decrease in physical performance is typical. Once your body becomes keto-adapted, your body will be able to fully utilize fat as its primary source of energy. To be specific, our diet includes many sources of lipids. Our bodies have two options for fuel: sugar or fat. Burning sugar for energy is like kindling on a fire: It burns quickly and brightly, but it’s short-lived. You have to keep coming back for more, which a lot of people experience as hunger and anger’s grumpy spawn, hangriness. Even healthy, clean eaters can be stuck on this blood sugar roller coaster: A breakfast of oatmeal with fruit, for example, is ultimately broken down into sugar to fuel your body. A ketogenic diet provides fat instead of sugar as the primary source of energy, which burns slower and lasts longer; it’s metabolic firewood instead of kindling. What is a low carb diet? MY BOOK A one-stop guide to the ketogenic way of eating, The Keto Diet shows you how to transition to and maintain a whole foods–based, paleo-friendly, ketogenic diet with a key focus on practical strategies—and tons of mouthwatering recipes. Glad to hear you enjoyed it WCT! Publications Carnitine deficiency (primary) Tests for prediabetes Manage My Privacy Settings “On the ketogenic diet, you must avoid carbohydrates,” Weaver says. “This means no bread, pasta, crackers, and cookies. Also, you should completely give up food and beverages containing sugar—ice cream, cake, puddings, soda, and other sweet drinks.” Keto Rash Matthew's Friends. A UK charity and information resource. A Part of Hearst Digital Media Good Housekeeping participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. Low glycaemic index treatment[edit] Weight Loss Long-Term +1 (617) 495‑1000 2 oz red bell peppers (thinly sliced) Ketogenic diet. (n.d.). Retrieved from 8. Avoid GMO soy and corn oil Breakfast: Coconut milk chia pudding topped with coconut and walnuts. Diet Plans, Benefits and More Information Suggest Content Prepare the salad by tossing the bell pepper, tomatoes, radishes, and salad greens with the olive oil, lemon juice, and salt to taste. The step-by-step plan to take control of type 2 diabetes, written by Dr David Cavan Low-carbohydrate diet It can also control blood pressure and cholesterol, treat epilepsy and cure acne. “Just a few days after going Keto, I had so much more energy. I was sleeping better, my skin cleared up and I was just happier. I knew at that point I would never look back. FAQ Megan Tries It: My Clean, Nontoxic Deodorant Obsession —Macmillan Dictionary Customer reviews Buying It Blind The Four Keto Diet Types It’s also difficult to include prebiotic foods such as onions, garlic, bananas and oats on a very low-carb, high-fat diet. “These foods encourage good growth of bacteria that support our intestinal health, which is tied to our overall health,” Stefanski says. “But we don’t know yet how the lack of fiber on a ketogenic diet impacts our microbiome or gastrointestinal health long-term.” It sounds so damn easy. Coconut oil, MCT oil If you aren’t crazy about the tropical aroma of coconut oil, don’t fret. Use olive oil instead for your cooking needs. One tablespoon has zero carbs and 13.5 grams of fat, primarily monounsaturated fats, per the USDA. Besides constipation, crabbiness, and making it difficult for others to make plans with you, keto may lead to other health concerns too. Since research has yet to follow participants for more than a year, it's difficult to say with certainty that other problems (like an increase in LDL \"bad\" cholesterol) won't arise as well. August 25, 2018 at 2:08 am Amnesia  3) javi_indy / Thinkstock 2. Sugar – honey, agave, maple syrup etc SG Write a customer review eric This book is the best, I have lost 15 lbs with this book and the recipes are great. Green leafy vegetables Early therapy helps people with low back pain avoid medication » 5 percent carbohydrate Lose Weight Alysha says: Protein Powder Scallion/green onion 1/4 cup (25g) 8 0.5g 0g 2g 1g 1g avocado 3.7 piece, average (200 g / 7 oz) Christel Oerum says 2g BCAA (2:1:1): Branched chain amino acids, composed of leucine, isoleucine and valine. Together, they promote muscle protein synthesis and cellular glucose uptake for muscle growth and better endurance Despite how limiting the keto diet is, diet experts say that with careful planning, you can still fit in all of your vital vitamins and minerals. However, to play it safe, you should work with a nutritionist to come up with a well-rounded keto meal plan. High-fructose corn syrup Although experts like Kizer have concerns about the keto diet, if you’re set on trying it, a doctor can help you determine if it is right for you and provide you with tools and information for accurately tracking your ketosis status. This green yet under-utilized vegetable is highly nutrient dense.  Cardiac ischemia Substrate delivery, enhanced mitochondrial function Body fat percentage Photo: Stocksy/Guille Faingold Thank you, Ostine! Plant Based News Lunch: 6 chicken meatballs simmered in low-carb marinara sauce; 8g net carbs Hard liquors are basically just alcohol and water, so they don’t affect sugar and insulin levels like the drinks mentioned above. The best options include: 4.3 out of 5 stars 338 Drugs & This simple list summarizes what to eat on a low carb diet. And, what to eat on a keto diet is basically the same: Diabetic cakes For more information, check out this article on the benefits of low-carb diets for people with diabetes.\n\nketogenic diet\n\nthe ketogenic diet\n\nketogenic diets\n\nketogenic diet foods\n\nketogenic diet plan mushrooms, brown 5.6 150 g / 5.3 oz HIV & AIDS Trying out our new keto recipes each week. No more cravings7 In AD, ingestion of carbohydrates may worsen memory [42]. Patients with cognitive impairment lacking the APO-ε4 allele (one of the risk factors for AD) showed improved scores on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale after ingesting a medium-chain triglyceride shake, which induces low but measurable levels of ketosis [43, Class I]. Scores on this test for those with the APO-ε4 allele (as well as scores for all patients on some other tests administered in this study) were not improved after ingestion of the medium-chain triglyceride shake, making the generalizability of these findings to other patients with cognitive impairment (including AD) an area for further investigation. Hemp milk, unsweetened 1 cup (236 mL) 50 2g 4g 1g 0g 1g Adrenal & Cortisol Relief A computer program such as KetoCalculator may be used to help generate recipes.[46] The meals often have four components: heavy whipping cream, a protein-rich food (typically meat), a fruit or vegetable and a fat such as butter, vegetable oil or mayonnaise. Only low-carbohydrate fruits and vegetables are allowed, which excludes bananas, potatoes, peas and corn. Suitable fruits are divided into two groups based on the amount of carbohydrate they contain, and vegetables are similarly divided into two groups. Foods within each of these four groups may be freely substituted to allow for variation without needing to recalculate portion sizes. For example, cooked broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and green beans are all equivalent. Fresh, canned or frozen foods are equivalent, but raw and cooked vegetables differ, and processed foods are an additional complication. Parents are required to be precise when measuring food quantities on an electronic scale accurate to 1 g. The child must eat the whole meal and cannot have extra portions; any snacks must be incorporated into the meal plan. A small amount of MCT oil may be used to help with constipation or to increase ketosis.[36] SIGN UP TO BE NOTIFIED! Evening Standard Drinking soup broth Coconut butter 1 tablespoon (16g) 105 1g 10.5g 4g 2.5g 1.5g Urology Week Two 7 Day Keto Menu Plan Nhan says: Thyme, oregano, paprika, and cayenne When muscle undergoes mechanical and metabolic stress, an anabolic response is induced and IGF-1 is considered to be the primary mediator. Resistance exercise causes it to be released from local muscle and fat tissue, the version released is an isoform called mechano growth factor ((MGF) a splice variant of IGF-1), which binds to myofibril and satellite cell receptors and initiates translation associated with hypertrophy, which can last for as long as 72 h after exercise. Several pathways are involved in protein synthesis, which are switched on or accelerated by IGF-1; these include the Akt/mTOR and calcineurin pathways. Other hypertrophic processes include the activation of satellite cells that grow, differentiate, and interact with muscle fibers; this also is mediated by IGF-1 and results in formation of new muscle fibers. Oyster Tech Emails & Alerts Choosing a Health Plan Stephanie Mullins Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Amark PE, Ballaban-Gil KR, Christina Bergqvist AG, Blackford R, Buchhalter JR, Caraballo RH, Helen Cross J, Dahlin MG, Donner EJ, Klepper J, Jehle RS, Kim HD, Christiana Liu YM, Nation J, Nordli DR Jr, Pfeifer HH, Rho JM, Stafstrom CE, Thiele EA, Turner Z, Wirrell EC, Wheless JW, Veggiotti P, Vining EP ( 2009) Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia. 50(2): 304-17.  Keto burgers Politics + Society 1 Tablespoon chia seeds Soy milk, plain, unsweetened 1 cup (240 mL) 79 7g 4g 4g 1g 3g Veggies and dip Drink lots of water. This is especially crucial on a low carb or keto diet. Why? When you eat carbohydrates, your body stores the extra as glycogen in the liver, where they are bound to water molecules. Eating low carb depletes this glycogen, which allows you to burn fat – but it also means you are storing less water, making it easier to get dehydrated. Instead of the traditional recommendation of 8 cups of water per day, aim for 16 cups when following a low carb lifestyle. Celebrity News Designer We have solid evidence showing that a ketogenic diet reduces seizures in children, sometimes as effectively as medication. Because of these neuroprotective effects, questions have been raised about the possible benefits for other brain disorders such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, autism, and even brain cancer. However, there are no human studies to support recommending ketosis to treat these conditions. Free divers have long defied science – and we still don’t really understand how they go so deep Only use low glycemic index sweeteners, as they won’t affect your blood sugar levels or contribute to your carb intake. 30 day ketogenic cleanse | ketogenic recipes dinner 30 day ketogenic cleanse | ketogenic slow cooker recipes 30 day ketogenic cleanse | ketogenic smoothie recipes\nLegal | Sitemap", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5654644966125488}
+{"content": "How digital transformation is the journey to a digital workplace\n\nDigital transformation remains a key buzzword in many Australian businesses however pinning down a precise definition of its meaning is tricky. Research from the McKinsey Global Institute indicates that most businesses aren’t operating at their full potential, suggesting a failure to exploit the full value of going digital.\n\nAccording to M-Files, the term ‘digital workplace’ rather than ‘digital transformation’ is a better way of describing what businesses are trying to achieve. The digital workplace is what organisations are ultimately trying to achieve as a result of the transformation process. The transformation is the journey a business goes on to reach the destination; the digital workplace.\n\nNicholas Delaveris, alliance and partner director, Australia and New Zealand, M-Files, said, “Organisations are ultimately trying to achieve a digital workplace through the digital transformation process. However, for many the focus has shifted from the goal to the process and it’s important to recalibrate, shifting that focus back.\n\n“In other words, project leaders should continually look toward what the organisation is looking to achieve, then adjust and prioritise the work they’re doing accordingly. If the goal is to reduce the amount of manual, paper-based processes in the organisation, for example, then project leaders should focus on automation tools rather than on upgrading printers throughout the business.”\n\nThe definition of a digital workplace will vary from one organisation to the next however the common denominator is that it will involve paperless processes. It should also include increased control over content through version management, access rights, naming conventions, secure sharing capabilities, and improved information transparency such as the ability to integrate unstructured content with data and address repository proliferation.\n\nA digital workplace isn’t just about replacing manual processes with technology-driven solutions. It’s about business priorities and processes, and empowering people to perform. While this will necessarily require the right technologies, those are just the means to an end, which should be to help employees work efficiently and provide the best possible service to customers.\n\nNicholas Delaveris said, “Companies struggle to fully leverage technologies when they don’t clearly understand what they want to achieve or where to start. Not having a clear vision of the goal makes the idea of going paperless daunting. The risks are often clearer than the benefits. Therefore, decision-makers need to focus on the destination and take an agile approach to getting there and staying there.”\n\nTo understand the destination that the business needs to reach, project leaders should ask six key questions:\n1. How does the business want to collaborate with business partners and customers?\n2. How can the business help staff deal with ever-increasing floods of information?\n3. Does the business want to consolidate to a single content repository versus several?\n4. If consolidation is desired, is it possible and at what cost?\n5. Does the business prefer a cloud, on-premise, or hybrid approach?\n6. Should the digital workplace extend to mobile devices?\n\nStarting with the complex details leads to confusion and can be overwhelming. However, with a clear picture of what the end goal will be, along with the various aspects that must be considered and supported, the journey can be more effectively navigated.\n\nNicholas Delaveris said, “Businesses should avoid getting paralysed by the different paths that reach to the same destination. Instead, they should devote resources to defining the destination, then create a roadmap to get there that breaks each challenge down into manageable chunks. Then, they need to remain flexible along the way so they can take advantage of new and emerging technologies as appropriate.”\n\n\nRequest further information - Article", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8010807633399963}
+{"content": "Organic Gardening Tips You Should Try Out!\n\nIf you want to embrace a healthier lifestyle that includes a nutritious diet, organic gardening is the way to go. But, you need to put in a lot of effort to grow your garden effectively. Perhaps you are unsure of the benefits of organic gardening, or you are unsure how to get your garden started.\n\n\nWater infused with aspirin is great for combating plant disease. Three aspirins per four gallons of water will help keep your plants healthy. Simply spray your plants with the mixture, and this will help them fend off various diseases. Give your plants a spray of the aspirin-water mixture about one time every three weeks.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhen the time has come to gather up the produce, you need to use an old laundry basket. The basket will make a great strainer when you wash your vegetables. Just rinse the produce right in the basket; the water will drain through the holes.\n\n\nAs a good general practice, you should make sure to plant your seeds three seed-widths deep into their containers. There are some seeds, however, that you should not cover at all, since they need sunlight to germinate. Among the seeds meeting this definition are ageratum and petunias. When in doubt about whether a seed requires direct sun exposure, you can find lots of information online or on the seed packaging itself.\n\n\nRotate the plants that you grow each year by switching up where you plant them. Planting the same family of plants in the same area over and over can cause disease and fungus to start growing. These harmful elements remain in the soil and can damage the plants you place in that spot the following year. Moving the plants to different areas will prevent these invaders from growing on your plants.\n\nUse plastic bags to cover muddy gardening shoes. This way, you can get in and out quickly, and get back to work in the garden.\n\nGrow garlic. Wait until early spring or the fall to plant cloves in a moist soil. Each clove should be planted end-up, four inches apart and between one and two inches below the surface of the soil. You can use the tops of the garlic shoots instead of scallions or chives. The bulbs of the garlic are ready for harvesting when the very tops of them begin to brown. Allow the sun to dry out the bulbs for a few days until the skin gets hard. Garlic can be tied in bunches or left loose, and stored where it will be cool and dry.\n\nPut used coffee grounds on the soil. Coffee grounds add many nitrogenous nutrients to the soil that will benefit your plants. Nitrogen is generally a way to make your plants grow bigger, better and faster.\n\n\n\nYou need to mulch your flowerbed and garden using at least 3 inches worth of organic material. This helps give nutrients to the soil in your garden and holds in moisture. It will also give it a neat appearance because it will help eliminate weeds.\n\n\n\n\nA biologically diverse garden is one of the most interesting and rewarding kinds. The more varieties of plants that are around, the more wildlife will be around. Plant various plant types to create a natural environment. Planting a variety of local plants helps the environment, and creates a beautiful place that you can enjoy.\n\n\nUnderstand the variety of natural gardening solutions that can be used to tend an organic garden. Try to use natural and organic alternatives rather than common chemical fertilizers. One easy method is to use compost. By using organic substances as fertilizers, you avoid contributing to the toxic levels of contamination in soil and water that inorganic fertilizers have been blamed for causing.\n\nChange how much you water your plants with the changing of the seasons. You should also adjust your watering habits if the temperature or amount of rainfall changes dramatically. The amount of water you use each time should be dependent on the water quality, the soil type and what time of day you are doing it. Avoid watering leaves in a warm and humid climate to prevent leaf fungus from appearing. The important thing is to make sure the plant’s roots receive sufficient water.\n\n\n\nWhen deciding which plants you want to focus your organic gardening efforts on, you should be as specific as possible. Many garden plants come in a wide range of varieties, and these varieties can often have quite different care requirements. An example would be seen in the many different varieties of roses, as some will grow well in your garden, where other varieties may not. So, be sure to choose the specific varieties that are most suited for your planting environment.\n\nAny form of gardening helps you get in tune with the environment, but organic gardening takes this concept to the next level. This method of gardening will give you a deep understanding of the way plants grow, from beginning to end.\n\nLoving Plants\n\nAnnually rotate your garden. If the types of plants that you grow are consistent from one year to the next, they may be more prone to diseases and plant fungus. The diseases and fungi are harbored in the soil and are ready to make a comeback each year. If you change things up on a regular basis by varying your planting locations, you take advantage of a natural methodology to avoid fungus and disease problems.\n\nThere are all sorts of plants that you can plant in your garden. Most acid-loving plants really thrive in mulch. Acid-loving plants require mulch that consists of pine needles during the fall months. The needles will decompose and deposit natural acids in the soil.\n\nDo some research on the botanical insecticides that are available in your area, many of which are extremely helpful in preventing pests from invading your garden. Under certain conditions, organic pesticides can outperform chemical products in effectiveness and safety. However, because botanical insecticides are biological, they often decay and disappear quickly.\n\n\n\nDe bedste organiske opskrifter", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9109942317008972}
+{"content": "America's Transformation Into a Collectivist Mystical Pantheist god-State\n\nThe announcement of the death of God was the obituary of a useless single-minded and one-dimensional norm of a civilization that has been predominantly monotheistic, not only in its religion, but also in its politics, its history, its social order, its ethics, and its psychology.  When released from the tyrannical imperialism of monotheism by the death of God, man has the opportunity of discovering new dimensions hidden in the depths of reality’s history.”  (The New Polytheism: The Rebirth of the Gods and Goddesses, ‘death of God theologian’ David LeRoy Miller, vii)\n\nSince the ‘death of God’ and the Sexual Liberation movement of the '60s, America has been experiencing an explosion of religiously pagan movements in concert with a relentless assault on the Revealed Word of God, the Genesis account of creation ex nihilo, immutable truth, reality, first principles, universal moral law, and the created order of being---the two sexes (male and female) for example. These movements interface with occult Gnosticism, Hinduism, and other mystical pantheist collectivist notions: evolutionary materialism, scientism, Communism, Cultural Marxism, Socialism, social justice, New Age cults, Satanism, transcendental meditation, yoga, Wicca, goddess worship, ‘gay’ shamanism, reincarnation, Luciferian Theosophy, LGBTQ+, sustainability, Gaia worship, deep ecology, channeling, the Great Apes Project and all other animal rights agenda. All are types of pantheist collectivism which stress in one way or another that mankind is ‘one with’ nature (the evolving universe of divine psychic energy and matter) and should therefore make obeisance to it as Sovereign.\n\nIn his penetrating analysis of pagan Progressivism, M. Stanton Evans author of \"The Theme is Freedom: Religion, Politics, and the American Tradition,\" observes that it is only against the background of neo-paganism that the bizarre ‘isms’ of Progressive politics come into focus. The common feature of all these movements---naturalism, materialism, sexism, multiculturalism, feminism, determinism, economic determinism, racism, heteronormativism, and patriarchalism for instance, is that they view irrational nature itself as ultimate and sovereign. In other words, they make a god of irrational nature—its laws, energies, and matter---which is precisely why Al Gore is synonymous with Gaia, global warming, and carbon footprints, and the Left in general zealously stresses collectivism (scientific pantheism), solidarity, oneness, inclusion, diversity, and other worldly social justice concerns.  Evans comments:\n\n\nFor almost one-hundred years, the religiously pagan Progressive Left has been engaged in stealthily undermining and gutting our founding documents and America’s religious, social, political, legal, and cultural infrastructures. Toward this end, they’ve managed to infiltrate alien meaning into the Word of God, seminaries and pulpits as well as marginalize and deconstruct the Declaration of Independence—the charter document. Additionally, Progressive change-agents have cleverly infiltrated new and alien meaning into our Constitution. Originally, the individual’s right to liberty was viewed as inalienable because God-given, thus fixed and unchanging.  But with the ‘death’ of the Holy Trinity, powerfully influential pagan and scientific pantheist Progressives stealthily replaced Him with a mystical god-state, redefined the Word (John 1) as divine energy variously identified as evolution, natural selection, kundalini, and christ-consciousness. Subsequently, the Constitution now ‘lives and evolves,’ a quasi-divine amoral Ruling Class has replaced ‘we the people,’ and group privileges (collectivism) are increasingly sweeping away individual rights.\n\nWhere originally, each and every human life possesses an ‘inalienable right to life’ was held as an immutable truth and a universal moral good, the politically correct religiously pagan evolutionary materialist view holds that truth and morality are irrelevant and human life without value, dignity, or purpose. Usurping the place of our God-given inalienable right to life is politically correct choice. In reality, choice is a pagan elitist eugenics mentality in disguise, hence it views procreation of undesirables---such as Conservative Christians---as bad, therefore all population control schemes such as euthanasia, abortion, the abomination called partial birth abortion, and sterilization by way of sodomy are ‘good.’\n\nHowever, despite these and the pagan Left’s many other successful changes toward a satanic inversion of America’s traditional cultural, social, political, and legal order, our Second Amendment rights remain a primary concern to the totalitarian ambitions of America’s pagan Ruling Class.  Our pagan masters want our guns because a weaponless people are a helpless people.\n\nVarious pagan Marxists, Secular Humanists and their confederates predicted long ago that they and an interconnected network of Cultural Marxist and other humanist accomplices throughout academia, the entertainment world, government, the church and elsewhere, would bring about the fall of the West by way of a ‘long walk through the culture.’ (1) This diabolically conceived ‘walk’ would incrementally condition our minds, demoralize and corrupt us, and slowly invert our traditional order by disarming, dumbing-down, and putting Westerners ‘to sleep’ (enslaving them) through propaganda of confusion, disinformation, immorality, and “sex, drugs, and rock ‘n roll.” Unwary sleepers, it was confidently foretold, would never dream that they would one day awaken to the nightmare world of slavery unfolding all around us.\n\nOver the course of many years those predictions have come true. Today, millions of Americans are an immoral, narcissistic, infantilized people addicted to instant gratification and vices whose addictions are fed and fueled by warped, pornographic, propaganda-spewing media and entertainment. And while vice-addicted Americans have been sleeping, our universities and schools have become transmission belts for the proselytizing of Darwinism, socialism, political correctness, open-borders, New Age pantheism, sexual confusion, non-binary transgender (androgyny), one world collectivism, and hate:  hate-whitey, hate-Conservatives, hate-America, hate truth, hate history, hate free markets, hate straight males, hate-tradition, hate-morality, and hate the Biblical God.\n\nAs truth, common sense, morality, and knowledge of our founding Christian-based worldview fades to black, the American mind shuts down in tandem, thereby allowing the ice cap of a new ‘green’ pantheist totalitarianism to relentlessly advance across our nation, snuffing out the light of Christ, liberty and all things good. Under its dark oppressive weight, America is thrust into a black abyss of godless pagan superstition, where at the urging of satan’s pagan Ruling Class tools, 2+2 becomes 5, males are females, females are males, Christmas is increasingly defined as a Festival of Light  (which means occult enlightenment), and with the Supreme Court’s 2015 Obergefell v. Wade decision, America has turned a corner of historic and ominous significance:\n\n\n\n\nIgnorance, narcissism, relativism, and lack of self-control on the other hand, leads to lack of impulse-control (determinism) and the downward spiraling consequences of addiction to vice---dependency, lying, cheating, crime, chaos, anarchy, and eventually slavery.\n\nTragically, and of great consequence to the continuance of individual liberty, all too many Americans today are selfish, apathetic, drug-using, porn-using, infantilized, violence-prone, obscenity-spewing, sex-obsessed people, and the name Jesus Christ is for many of these---and particularly for America’s self-anointed pagan Ruling Class---- the obscenity of choice. In 1909, Reverend Francis Grimke warned of the perils of moral corruption. He said:\n\n\nAmerica’s greatest enemy is ‘we the people’—-and even President Trump cannot save us from ourselves. For when we choose to fall down the slippery slope of moral corruption, ignorance, dependency, and apathy we fall right into slavery, both spiritual and physical. Our own freely chosen follies and conceits---in concert with a willingness to transgress---is the downfall, and transformation of our individual liberties, self-government, decency, and a free America into a ‘new ‘Babylon—-a collectivist mystical pantheist god-state.\n\n@Linda Kimball\n\n1. Cultural Marxism, L. Kimball", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.760027289390564}
+{"content": "Contentment versus Complacency\n\nIn my previous post, \"Buried Treasure\", I mentioned an article that said we should be content with what we have but not with who we are....that this discontentment with ourselves drives us to learn and grow.\nIn all fairness, I believe that what was really meant was that we should not become complacent with ourselves.\nThis prompted me to look further into the usage of the terms \"contentment\" and \"complacency\".\nThis distinction is important, because there seems to be an adverse reaction to the term \"contentment\"\nToday's society seems to avoid contentment as synonymous with complacency.\n\nWe really do tend to think that contentment means stagnation....or like the article said, we must not be contented with who we are because discontentment drives growing and learning and if you aren't growing and learning you might as well be dead.\n\nDo you believe that discontentment with yourself is a good thing? Ask yourself....when was the last time you allowed yourself to just relax and feel at peace with your situation in life?\nPut another way, when was the last time you consciously gave yourself a holiday from the feeling that you needed to improve something?\nDoes this thought provoke a gut reaction? Perhaps a feeling of unease, as if by letting go you were really giving up?\n\nMaybe this driving need to be up and doing is not a problem for you, but it seems to be a problem for society at large;\nPinterest, self help books (guilty!) , even the constant need to keep up with the latest news, or emails...that pull of the internet, the need to always be plugged in...\n\nRestlessness.....this driving restlessness, is it really a good thing? Or is it keeping us from life?\n\nSo what is the difference between contentment and complacency?\nI looked up both terms and depending on the dictionary, they could be used interchangeably. However, there is a slight difference in meaning:\n\nComplacency is a smug satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements. It can be linked to self conceit and sometimes coupled with a lack of awareness of one's true surroundings (presumption)\nComplacency implies pride and vanity.\n\nContentment on the other hand is a feeling experienced when one's wishes are met. It is to be satisfied; at ease with one's situation. Synonyms include equanimity, fulfillment, serenity, gladness and peace. The opposite of contentment includes restlessness, anxiety, fear, depression, and anger.\n\nI think that contentment is an underrated virtue.\nI think that we have tricked ourselves into thinking that contentment is a thing to be avoided, because contentment means complacency.\nI think that the resulting need to be always \"doing\" is robbing us of joy and well being both mental and spiritual as we rush from thing to thing.\nFor contentment allows us to want detach ourselves from the things of this world and simplify.\nAnd simplicity allows us the freedom to contemplate what is really important.\n\nFor in the end it all comes down to this:\n\nWhy did God make you?\n\n\nPopular Posts", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6917445659637451}
+{"content": "The Old House\n\nIt is the largest flat and it has totally been restructured, fully respecting the original construction.\n\nIt has got characteristic ceilings of wood beams. It is composed of a double bed room, one more bed room and a kitcken-sitting room with a small cooking corner made of brickwork. The entrance is from a large porch.\n\n\n\nThe Agrumeti on the Sea of Russo Rocca\n\nAll the flats have central heating, hot water, bath-room with shower box, fridge, gas cooker and a TV set.\n\nThey are in the middle of the orchad among evergreen lemon trees and other beautiful mediterranean trees.\nEach of them has porch and parking area.\nOne of the flats is equiped for disabled.\nPets are allowed if they don't make any damage and don't disturb the other guests.\nA big dog's bed is also avaiable.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9847458004951477}
+{"content": "How can you prevent my roof from being overgrown?\n\nHow can you prevent my roof from being overgrown?\n\nAre you sure it’s moss? Mosses are fairly thick plants that prevent water from flowing normally and promote infiltration. The green-to-grey colouring of the tiles can be explained more often by the presence of algae or lichens. The proliferation of these undesirable substances depends on climate, prevailing winds and even pollution in the air. Little compact snow can detach them naturally. Another solution, less random is annual maintenance which consists of spraying a suitable product, the least toxic possible.\n\nAfter repair, what to do to protect the roof?\n\nInspect it regularly and intervene quickly. Do the daily roof investigation with Toronto Roofing Contractor to see if there is any spot left that needs the quick repair, tiles slotted or loose attics, damaged weathervane, flickering antenna, fouled gutters, green tree branches or climbing plants, weakened chimney, etc. Check ridges, hips and especially mortar seals because of the risk of infiltration. The ventilation of the roof must also be done in the right conditions.\n\nHome Renovation\n\nDo you have the choice of the roof?\n\nBefore going around the suppliers, it is better to know what the local rules on roofing are and what will be your leeway to choose your model. Contact the town hall to find the prescriptions of the regional urban plan. If you have the chance to do as you please and enjoy the contemporary style, the terracotta tile offers a wide range of shapes and forms. Modern trends are plain colours and black, grey shades close to slate.\n\nIf the tiles break, how do you do it?\n\nBeware of tiles that are too original or come from countries that you do not know if the supply will be guaranteed in time. Exotic tiles may be tempting, but you do not always think about the problems of after-sales service. In case of a storm, it will take a long time before being delivered unless you have a substantial reserve of tiles. Beware of too attractive prices. Get professional advice. Consider the cost of maintenance. Also, think about the durability of the insulation. If the tile is not sufficiently waterproof or resistant or does not respond correctly to the indications of the local authority, you risk the disaster. Finally, think about the durability of colours.\n\nConclusion: And the form?\n\nLarge formats will generally allow you to lower the cost per square meter. Then there are three main types of tiles, flat, interlocking tiles and channels. The plates are suitable for steep slopes, and their number per square meter is quite high. They are overlapping and require a high degree of accuracy from the roofer to prevent slippage. Larger interlocking tiles are faster to install. The interlocking principle prevents slippage. There are quite economical large mould sizes and very elegant small mould sizes. Make sure your pipes are secure.  Choosing the best materials is not the specific solution all the time but to determine the best roof repairing or maintenance contractor is the ultimate choice that you should opt.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6117652654647827}
+{"content": "We save you time\nso you can do more projects each year.\n\n\nWhen choosing the Design-Build method, the owner places project responsibility and control under a single contract with one team - the \"sole responsibility\" concept. The Design-Build contractor assumes responsibility for all phases of the project, rather than dividing it between engineers, designers and subcontractors. This eliminates the need to hire, schedule and supervise the architect/engineer, subcontractors and suppliers as well as limit unexpected scheduling problems and cost overages.\n\nThe owner is always a member of the Design-Build team, and can rely upon a single source of professional construction management to insure that project specifications are met on-time and on-budget.\n\n\nFor projects that are already designed, GEM offers a package of steel detailing and fabrication.\nBecause GEM buys directly from steel mills and joist and deck manufacturers, there are no extra mark-ups. The “Build Different” philosophy insures proper coordination between the various Division 5 categories and eliminates the ever too common communication issues insuring that your project moves forward in a timely manner. GEM maintains an extensive and ongoing quality assurance program for continuous quality production.\n\n\nWhere possible we want to make sure we provide the best value for every dollar the client spends. As a result there are times when we can take existing plans and re-examine them to Value Engineer the project. This close inspection allows for an in depth look at their project. Safety and quality are not compromised, but often, examining a different way of building the project is worth the effort. By concentrating on Value Engineering and taking into consideration the availability of steel, the joist and girder factors and the pre-engineered metal building factors, GEM is able to engineer a unique building system to the client that has the most cost effective measures factored into the project.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5510380268096924}
+{"content": "E-Book Creation\n\nAccording to the latest numbers from the Association of American Publishers, revenue for ebooks for some of the biggest categories grew by 41% in 2012. Ebooks now account for 23% of publishing revenues in the US and revenues from ebooks grew 41% in 2012.\n\nSelf Publising has never been easier\n\nThe Kiwiwebs team provide a full online publishing (e-book) service. We take your raw data or finished words, and reformat the text and images into a web optimised publication suitable for your needs. If your project involves more video and other animated elements, we can also create a fully interactive publication too.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.960570752620697}
+{"content": "LAAF operates as a philanthropic innovation lab using technology to globally scale open-source education innovations to help individuals elevate their giving. We create philanthropic resources and programs to advance the educational, individual and institutional fields of philanthropy and amplify their measurable social impact.\n\n\n\nWe believe everyone has the potential to be an extraordinary philanthropist by learning how to take their existing talents, assets and passions and translate them into great social impact. No matter what you have to give, your generosity can transform the lives of others by channeling valuable resources to people, organizations and communities that can use it most effectively. We can all improve HOW we give by learning to better understand the needs of the individuals and nonprofits we aim to serve and the actual impact of our gifts. LAAF resources for individual givers provide you with educational tools to help you make more informed giving choices.\n\n\n\nGen X and Gen Y are passionate about creating social change in our world but are often seeking guidance or tools to help them transform their good intentions into great impact. LAAF aims to provide these life-long students with valuable resources to help them learn how to give their time, expertise, networks, money and passion in a way that can measurably impact the world around them. Whether you want to start your own nonprofit; serve on a nonprofit board; integrate philanthropy into a for-profit company; use technology to enhance your social change capacity; or volunteer in a meaningful way, LAAF has a variety of resources that can help you make the most of whatever you have to give.\n\n\n\nStrategic philanthropy is beginning to build momentum as an academic field. When Laura joined Stanford Graduate School of Business’s faculty in 2000, field-based strategic philanthropy courses were not being taught at universities and limited case studies had been written about philanthropic institutions. The number of philanthropy classes has grown significantly in the past decade, with approximately 150 philanthropy courses now taught in universities nationally. LAAF hopes to fuel a movement to have philanthropy taught at every U.S. college and university, and we are supporting this movement by providing free, online resources for any faculty member to start a new philanthropy course or enhance their current offerings. Educator resources include case studies, teaching notes, learning notes, videos, syllabi and a discussion guide for Giving 2.0.\n\n\n\n\nA philanthropist is anyone who gives anything—time, money, experience, skills or networks—in any amount to create a better world.\n— Giving 2.0: Transform Your Giving and Our World\n\n\nWe love feedback, ideas and questions!\n\nBecause we are an operating foundation, LAAF does not accept grant proposals or investment opportunities, but thank you for thinking of us.\n\nPlease connect with us on social media:\n\nOther Inquiries?\n\nFill out the form below:\n\nName *", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5955058336257935}
+{"content": "Cracks Could Put Your Alloy Wheel\n\nJuly 3, 2015 - cars\n\nCracks Could Place Your Alloy Wheel\n\nYour security is vital. Do not endanger it by discounting cracks on the wheel. Contact some expert supplier of auto alloy wheel repairs to check to see whether the wheel may nevertheless be repaired or needs replacement. Alloy wheels do tend to be more brittle compared to the conventional finish wheel. Why exploring alternatives for getting skilled alloy wheels repairs done is vital, that is.\n\nFixing a wheel is not always the best option in some specific situations that are specific. Before alloy wheel repairs are determined upon the wheel should be extensively examined. Fractures will be the commonest kind of damage that will leave a wheel beyond repair. When a wheel bends near the base of a spoke, haze marks usually suggest fractures. A wheel may be believed to be irreparable if cracks appear near the bottom of a spoke or nearby the lug region. The damage is usually salvageable, if there’s a tiny crack on the inner lip of the wheel from the spokes.\n\n\nYou would like to keep any original cast markings the producer has shown, when you get alloy wheel repairs done. Afterward ensure the medium used to strip the wheel which Alloy Wheel Refurb Enfield needs refinishing doesn’t rough up the surface and tear away some of the metal. Utilizing an acrylic medium similar to sand is more desirable though metal oxide or steel shot are more commonly used. The machinist would understand whether the wheel must be re- repainted or machined or simply re-polished for it to appear just like new.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9867327213287354}
+{"content": "don steward\nmathematics teaching 10 ~ 16\n\nThursday, 6 December 2018\n\ntrapezium area and quadratic\n\nbased on\n'exercises in algebra'\npart three\n\nsurface area and factorisable quadratrics\n\nset up a quadratic equation\nand solve it\n\ntrial and improvement may well be speedier...\n(students shouldn't do that\nbecause they might neglect to find further solutions,\n- even though there aren't any)\n\nWednesday, 5 December 2018\n\npercentage increase/decrease questions\n\na powerpoint for this is here\n\nrelating % increase and decrease to a picture\n\na number, increased by N% is N\n\na number, decreased by N% is N\n\nMonday, 3 December 2018\n\nsearch for unusual cuboids\n\nthis involves work on the surface area and volume of a cuboid\nthe powerpoint is here\n\nthere are three tasks\n  • adding 1 to each of the (integer) dimensions, doubles the volume\n  • different cuboids with the same surface area and volume\n  • cuboids with the same value for the surface area and the volume (see lovely cuboids for a slightly different approach)\n\ntask 1\n\nthis task was offered by James Tanton\n\ncuboids that double in volume when 1 is added to each of the (three) integer dimensions\n\ntask 2\n\ndifferent cuboids with the same surface area and volume\n\nfactors of the volume can be used to narrow the search\n\ntask 3\n\nsame value for surface area as volume\n\nthere are 10 altogether\n\nsee also lovely cuboids for a different approach to task 3\n\nrule to points 3\n\ntwo methods:\n\n  • the first involving finding one pair and then seeing how the patterns develop\n  • the second involving a transformation of the linear relationship until a simpler form is reached\n\nthe powerpoint is here\n\nrules to points 2\n\nfurther work on finding integer points/pairs that fit linear relationships\nthen, the reverse, finding a linear rule that fits a sequence of points\n\nthe powerpoint is here\n\nthese are also of the form\nax - by = 1\n\nrules to points 1\n\nconsidering linear rules/relationships (with some simple quadratic relationships later)\nfinding integer points that fit rules\nthe powerpoint is here\n\nSaturday, 1 December 2018\n\nsimilar simultaneous equations\n\nit is possibly interesting that fairly similar looking pairs of simultaneous equations (like (1) and (2)) have quite different solutions\n\nit might also be interesting to explore why pairs of simultaneous equations have the same solution\n\nmaybe invite students to solve question (4) a different way\n\nand also maybe question (6)\n\nequal tops pyramids\n\nthese tasks follow an idea of Martin Wilson, of Harrogate, England\n\nthe purpose is for students to practice simplifying expressions, within a context\na powerpoint is here\n\nall of the equal top block numbers can be found by trial and improvement and that is the intention, especially for the harder tasks\n\nother techniques can be used\n\nsheet 1 leads to a simple linear equation\nsheet 2 leads to a linear relationship that generalises to c = 2n, d = 3n - 4 with top numbers: 6n - 5\nsheet 3 can be solved with simultaneous equations, with one solution\nsheet 4 leads to a relationship that generalises to a = 2n + 1, b = 3n - 1 with top numbers: 12n - 5\nsheet 5 with 3 variables can be generalised to a = 4n - 2, b = 7n - 2, c = 14n - 6\nsheet 6 has 4 variables, the smallest equal top number is a triangular number (and you can also make 81 and ...?)\nsheet 7 is one that Martin used with his students\nthey found the smallest possible equal number by finding common terms in the four sequences (which is less than 50) you can also make 209 and ...?\n\nsimple linear relationships\n\nthere is an argument for working with (linear) relationships before equations\nbecause the variables properly vary rather than being 'as-yet-unknown' numbers - that can be found\nsuch work could precede straight line graphs\nmaybe lending further insight into the gradient (equal steps)\n\nI'm told that in Hungary the maths curriculum starts from this more general appreciation before moving to the simpler, equation, cases (Paul Andrews' various articles with Gillian Hatch when he was at Manchester Metropolitan, Cambridge, now at Stockholm e.g. for BSRLM\n\nwhen one of the variables is fixed you then have a linear equation\n\nthe intention of these tasks is that students find integer pairs that fit the rules, positive integers initially\n\nthey may well notice patterns that enable other pairs to be more easily found and lead this work into negative numbers\n\nthe Cuisenaire rod resources 'rod relationships' might be one way to begin such an exploration", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.736121416091919}
+{"content": "Diet diary: Does your body say no to what you eat?\n\n\nBeing well fed isn’t a sign that you aren’t suffering from malnutrition\n\nhealth, lifestyle health, nutritional deficiencies, severe malnutrition, Malnutrition, iron deficiency, calcium deficiency, magnesium deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, overweight, obese, mal-absorption, health, disease, express lifestyle\nLeaky gut is caused by intestinal inflammation, which leads to increased permeability of the intestinal lining.\n\nIt’s not surprising when one sees nutritional deficiencies among those who cannot manage a square meal, but it surely is when one finds severe malnutrition among those who are well fed. Malnutrition with deficiencies of iron, calcium, magnesium and vitamin B12 seems to be a grave concern among those who eat adequately—even overweight and obese people.\n\nThe issue is certainly not the intake but the body’s inability to absorb or pick up these nutrients, also called mal-absorption. This is often associated with a condition called the leaky gut.\n\n\nLeaky gut is caused by intestinal inflammation, which leads to increased permeability of the intestinal lining. At times, the intestines can be so badly damaged that nutrient uptake slows down and mal-digestion of nutrients, including carbohydrates and proteins, leads to malnutrition and ill-health. Leaky gut is associated with chronic fatigue, foggy brain, neurological disorders, migraines, food intolerances, food allergies, lowered immunity and auto-immunity, skin problems like eczema, psoriasis and hyper-pigmentation, fibromyalgia (muscle pains, joint pains) and inflammatory bowel disease. Certain serious health maladies like celiac disease are also associated with increased gut permeability.\n\nSome of the common causes are excessive alcohol, prolonged use of certain medicines especially non-steroid, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or antibiotics, chronic stress and chronic intestinal infections due to viruses, parasites, yeast or bacteria, mal-digestion or nutritional deficiencies. Depletion of beneficial bacteria and growth of potentially harmful bacteria, a situation termed as dysbiosis, increases the likelihood of leaky gut. Bacterial toxins (endo-toxins) and ingested toxic material can also injure the intestine, making it more porous.\n\n\nToxins may also find their way into the body and burden the immune system, compromising the immunity and increasing inflammation. Circulating immune complexes and toxic residues may trigger auto-immune reactions leading to auto-immune health conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders, multiple sclerosis, vitiligo and lupus.\n\nTreatment involves eliminating the underlying causes, improving diet, reducing alcohol consumption, limiting intake of sugar, processed food and trans-fatty acids and consuming antioxidant rich food, good fats (omega-3 fatty acids), prebiotics and pro-biotics. Supplements with specific nutrients is important to heal the leaky gut.\n\nSo, ensure you take good care of your gut as it can spell the difference between heath and disease.\n\nDownload the Indian Express apps for iPhone, iPad or Android", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6551578044891357}
+{"content": "Roman Theater (Nabataean Theater)\n\nDespite its name, the Roman Theater (Nabataean Theater) was actually built by the Nabataeans over 2,000 years ago. This massive and impressive theater in the ancient city of Petra was carved out of rock into the side of a mountain, destroying existing caves and tombs in the process, though you can still see some tombs above the theater.\nThe Basics\nThe auditorium and the orchestra area of the Roman Theater, built at the time of Aretas IV (9 BC–AD 40), were cut out of rock, while the stage building was built separately. The theater follows the plan typical of Greco-Roman theaters, where the seating extends to the orchestra level. Originally designed to seat 4,000, it was expanded under Roman rule after AD 106 to seat up to 8,500. The theater, damaged by an earthquake in AD 363, remains one of the most popular sites in Petra.\nVisit the Roman Theater and other Petra highlights, such as the Treasury and the Monastery, on a guided tour. Those with more time can take a multi-day tour of top Jordan attractions, including Petra, Jerash, and the Dead Sea. Tours also originate from either Eilat or Tel Aviv in Israel, and include single-day and multi-day options.\nThings to Know Before You Go\n  • Wear comfortable, sturdy shoes to explore Petra, as there will be a lot of walking.\n  • Bring sun protection and lots of water, especially in the summer.\n  • Cafés and stalls sell souvenirs near the Roman Theater.\nHow to Get There\nThe Roman Theater is located inside the ancient city of Petra, three hours by car from Amman and two hours from the port town of Aqaba. From Petra’s entrance at the end of the Siq, it’s about 1.5 miles (2.5 kilometers) to the theater, past the Treasury and the Street of Facades. Hiking around Petra, a huge site, can be taxing; some opt to hire donkeys or camels to navigate the complex.\nWhen to Get There\nThe best times to visit Petra are in the early morning—independent travelers can aim to be at the gate at 6am—or late afternoon, to beat the crowds and the heat. Petra’s sights are known for the way the sunlight plays on them throughout the day, beginning at sunrise, but not for lovely sunsets. Photographers are better off aiming for an early arrival.\nNearby Sights\nThe Street of Facades and the High Place of Sacrifice are both close to the Roman Theater and worth a visit. You’ll pass by the Street of Facades, featuring tombs with beautiful carvings, on your way to the Roman Theater. The High Place of Sacrifice requires a decent hike up, but the expansive views over Petra are worth the extra work. Hike down through Wadi Farasa to see additional tombs, such as the Garden Tomb and the Soldier’s Tomb.\n住所： Wadi Musa, Jordan, ヨルダン\n入場料： Varies\n\nツアー＆アクティビティ (0)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n+81 6 4560 2975", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9641796350479126}
+{"content": "Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission\n\n\nModels included:\nAmerican Colonial\nEnglish Georgian\nEnglish Elizabethan (Tudor)\nFrench Norman\nSpanish Colonial\nPueblo buildings\n\nGeneral characteristics of the style include an irregular outline and an overall picturesque quality. Basic massing and proportion, as well as materials and details were all freely borrowed from historical examples. Designers emphasized overall effect rather than stylistic accuracy.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.000004529953003}
+{"content": "Saturday, 10 June 2017\n\nOn This Day in Math - June 10\n\nMathematics is one of the essential emanations of the human spirit,\n~Oswald Veblen\n\nThe 161st day of the year, Every number greater than 161 is the sum of distinct primes of the form 6n - 1.  *Prime Curios (which numbers less than 161 are also the sum of distinct primes of the form 6n-1? or which are not?)\n\nand for the gamblers out there, There are 161 ways to bet on a roulette wheel.\nWhen 161 is rotated 180o it gives a palindromic prime, (191)\n\n161 is the sum of five consecutive prime numbers: 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 = 161\n\nBenjamin West *Wik\n1752 This is the most common date given, where one is supplied, for the supposed Electrical kite experiment by Benjamin Franklin. The event is poorly documented. Franklin seems never to have written about it, and the only record seems to come from the pen of Joseph Priestly some fifteen years later who was told about it by Ben. Many now think the entire event never took place.\n\n\nDespite this, mainstream historians still support the view that the experiment was performed by Franklin *Wik\n\n1827 William Rowan Hamilton, age 21, appointed astronomer royal at Dunsink Observatory and Andrews professor of astronomy at Trinity College, Ireland. This was a unique event in that he was still an undergraduate. *VFR\n\n1854, G.F. Bernhard Riemann proposed that space is curved in a lecture titled Über die Hypothesen welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen. He described the old-fashioned Euclidean plane geometry and solid geometry, respectively, as two-, and three-dimensional examples of what we now call Riemann spaces with zero curvature. Saying that the space is curved, rather than flat or Euclidean, is another way saying that the familiar properties of Euclidean geometry - such as the Pythagorean theorem - do not hold. He went on to suggest that all physical laws become simpler when expressed in higher dimensions. Einstein in 1915 used Rieman’s work in his theory of General Relativity which incorporated time as the fourth dimension.*TIS Weber recounted how with unusual emotion Gauss praised Riemann’s profundity on their way home. John Derbyshire in his Prime Obsession calls it \"one of the top ten mathematical papers ever delivered anywhere.\"\n\n1919 In a letter to Irving Langmuir, Ernest Rutherford writes, \"I am a great believer in the simplicity of things and as you probably know I am inclined to hang on to broad & simple ideas like grim death until evidence is too strong for my tenacity.\" Nelson Ernest Rutherford *Quoted in Nathan Reingold and Ida H. Reingold, Science in America: A Documentary History 1900-1939 (1981), 354.\n\n1924 Oswald Veblen describes his ideas for the Institute for Mathematical Research in a letter to Vernon Kellogg. The senior men would devote themselves “entirely to research, and to the guidance of the research of the younger men.” (History and philosophy of modern mathematics By William Aspray)\n\n1977 The first Apple II computer was delivered. This was the first computer I ever used in a classroom.\n\n\n\n940 Abu’l-Wafa (June 10, 940 AD, Buzhgan - July 1, 998 AD, Baghdad) He worked with a rusty compass.*VFR The professors cryptic remark about a \"rusty compass\" refers to Abu'l wafa's preference, when possible, to do his geometric constructions with a compass with a fixed opening.\nAbu'l-Wafa is best known for the first use of the tan function and compiling tables of sines and tangents at 15' intervals. This work was done as part of an investigation into the orbit of the Moon, written down in Theories of the Moon. He also introduced the sec and cosec and studied the interrelations between the six trigonometric lines associated with an arc. He is also often credited as one of the likely originators of the spherical law of sines and established several trigonometric identities such as sin(a ± b) in their modern form, where the Ancient Greek mathematicians had expressed the equivalent identities in terms of chords.\n\n\n His trigonometric tables are accurate to 8 decimal places (converted to decimal notation) while Ptolemy's were only accurate to 3 places.\" *SAU\nIn 2015, Google celebrated his 1075th birthday with a Google Doodle, and included, \"contributions to science include one of the first known introductions to negative numbers, and the development of the first quadrant, a tool used by astronomers to examine the sky.\"\n\n1710 James Short (June 10, 1710, Edinburgh, Scot. -  June 14, 1768, London, Eng) British optician and astronomer who produced the first truly\n\n\n1861 Pierre(-Maurice-Marie) Duhem (10 June 1861 – 14 September 1916)French physicist, mathematician, and philosopher of science who emphasized a history of modern science based on evolutionary metaphysical concepts. He had a wide variety of mathematical interests from mechanics and physics to philosophy and the history of mathematics. Duhem studied magnetism following the work of Gibbs and Helmholtz and also worked on thermodynamics and hydrodynamics producing over 400 papers. He maintained that the role of theory in science is to systematize relationships rather than to interpret new phenomena.  *TIS\n\n\n1904 John Semple (10 June 1904 in Belfast, Ireland - 23 October 1985 in London, England) studied at Queen's University Belfast and Cambridge. He held a post in Edinburgh for a year before becoming Professor of Pure Mathematics at Queen's College Belfast. He moved to King's College London where he spent the rest of his career. His most important work was in Algebraic geometry. *SAU\n\n1932 Pierre Emile Jean Cartier (10 June 1932 in Sedan , Ardennes - ) is a French mathematician . His main interest is the algebraic geometry , presentation and category theory . 1957-1959 he worked at the Institute for Advanced Study . From 1961 he was a professor at the University of Strasbourg (then Faculté de Science). In 1971 he was appointed professor at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in Paris. He was also from 1974 Director of Research CNRS. In 1982 he became a professor at the Ecole Polytechnique and 1988 at the ENS.\nPierre Cartier led the Cartier operator and is the namesake of the Cartier divisor . *Wik\n\n\n1836 Andre-Marie Ampere. (20 January 1775 – 10 June 1836)French mathematician and physicist who founded and named the science of electrodynamics, now known as electromagnetism. His interests included mathematics, metaphysics, physics and chemistry. In mathematics he worked on partial differential equations. Ampère made significant contributions to chemistry. In 1811 he suggested that an anhydrous acid prepared two years earlier was a compound of hydrogen with an unknown element, analogous to chlorine, for which he suggested the name fluorine. He produced a classification of elements in 1816. Ampère also worked on the wave theory of light. By the early 1820's, Ampère was working on a combined theory of electricity and magnetism, after hearing about Oersted's experiments.TIS It is said that Ampere was capable of intense concentration leading to absent-mindedness. Once walking in Paris he had an insight and pulled a piece of chalk out of his pocket and finding the back of a cab he began to cover the back of the cab with equations, and was then shocked to see his solution begin to pull away and disappear down the street.\n\n\n1948 Philippa Garrett Fawcett (4 April 1868 - 10 June 1948)\nFawcett's performance in the Trinity Intercollege Examination which she sat after two years at Cambridge was outstanding and it was clear that she would excel in the Tripos Examinations of 1890. At this time only the men were ranked in the Tripos Examination but women who took the examination were made aware of their place by being told they were placed between the nth and (n+1)st man or equal to the nth man. Expectations were high that Fawcett would perform well and her mother wrote in a letter to a friend):-\n\nI am going to Cambridge tomorrow week and shall have my last sight of [Philippa] till after the exam. I have made up my mind not to be too anxious about it. There are a great many better things in the world than beating other people in examinations.\n\nHowever, beat other people is exactly what Fawcett did in the twelve three hour examination papers. The Senior Moderator of the Mathematical Tripos Examinations of 1890 was Walter Rouse Ball and it was his duty to read the women's list after the men's ranked list had been read. When Rouse Ball came to read the women's list he read out first:-\nMiss Philippa Garrett Fawcett - above the Senior Wrangler.\n\nShe went on to be a College Lecturer in Mathematics at Newnham College, Cambridge a position she held for 10 years. In this capacity, her teaching abilities received considerable praise. One student wrote:\n“ What I remember most vividly of Miss Fawcett's coaching was her concentration, speed, and infectious delight in what she was teaching. She was ruthless towards mistakes and carelessness... My deepest debt to her is a sense of the unity of all truth, from the smallest detail to the highest that we know. ”\nFawcett left Cambridge in 1902, when she was appointed as a lecturer to train mathematics teachers at the Normal School, Johannesburg, South Africa. Here, she remained until 1905, setting up schools in South Africa. She then returned to England to take a position in the administration of education for London County Council. Here, she attained the highest LCCrank ever for a woman, in her work developing secondary schools.\n\n\n\n*CHM=Computer History Museum\n*FFF=Kane, Famous First Facts\n*NSEC= NASA Solar Eclipse Calendar\n*RMAT= The Renaissance Mathematicus, Thony Christie\n*SAU=St Andrews Univ. Math History\n*TIA = Today in Astronomy\n*TIS= Today in Science History\n*VFR = V Frederick Rickey, USMA\n*Wik = Wikipedia\n*WM = Women of Mathematics, Grinstein & Campbell\nPost a Comment", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8934279680252075}
+{"content": "Final Exam Study Guide\n\nfree research paper sample\n\nBy providing this review, I hope to channel your preparation and study for the final examination to key areas concerning organizational development and hang, but remember you are responsible for all the information covered since the beginning of class. One should ensure a comprehensive knowledge of the Core Learning Objectives, delineated in each Weeks Overview, Objectives and Weekly Activities, sub section “The Objectives” and denoted by a light blue box with a black key in it.\n\nAdditionally, one should thoroughly know the following: Per Donald Brown, define organization development Describe conditions that require organization change and renewal? What is corporate culture? Be able to provide two examples of culture from a current organization or organizations that you have been associated with in the past. DO Development has five stages; the first is ‘Anticipate a Need to Change”. Describe the other four stages. (Hint: Remember the table of contents for the research paper? ) List and describe the three types of DO practitioner (practitioner). Compare and contrast the five basic DO practitioner (practitioner) styles?\n\nWhat is organizational diagnosis? How can it help the organization? Describe three diagnostic models. What are DO interventions strategies? Identify the three basic DO intervention techniques. Identify the ways groups cope with change. List the values and ethics that are of primary importance to DO practitioner Know about job enrichment and the dimension that can effect motivation and satisfaction What is employee empowerment and why is it important? List five restraining forces that block implementation of change programs List eight strategies to increase motivation to change Define interpersonal interventions.\n\nNo time to write a research paper?\nOrder it from experienced writers now!\nFor Only $13.90/page $19.90\n\nOrder Now\n\nDescribe three types of interpersonal interventions. Thoroughly understand and describe inter-group interventions. Thoroughly understand the difference between team and inter-group interventions. Describe two types of inter-group intervention. Thoroughly understand and describe team interventions. Describe two examples of a team intervention. What are System level interventions? Can be described as a structural design framework for viewing an organization that examines (1) the way the organization is designed, (2) the organization’s work processes, and (3) the interaction of individuals and teams within the flows and structures of the system.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7969542145729065}
+{"content": "Synonyms to everywoman\n\naverage man, Cockney, Everyman, John Smith, Public, average, bourgeois, common man, common run, commoner, everyman, generality, girl next door, homme moyen sensuel, little fellow, little man, ordinary Joe, ordinary run, pleb, plebeian, proletarian, roturier, ruck, run, accustomed, amidships, as a rule, average out, avoid extremes, balance, banal, besetting, bisect, center, central, common, commonplace, conventional, core, current, customarily, customary, dominant, double, epidemic, equatorial, equidistant, everyday, fair, fairish, familiar, fold, garden, garden-variety, general, generally, golden mean, habitual, halfway, happy medium, household, in the main, indifferent, interior, intermediary, intermediate, juste-milieu, mean, medial, median, mediocre, mediocrity, mediterranean, medium, mesial, mezzo, mid, middle, middle course, middle ground, middle point, middle position, middle state, middle-class, middle-of-the-road, middlemost, middling, midland,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9286981821060181}
+{"content": "On Jargon\n\nThe New York Review of Books is running a series of essays that reflect on the first year of the Trump Presidency.  Today they published one such piece by Marilynne Robinson entitled \"Rhetoric & Responsibility.\"\n\nShe focuses narrowly on the responsibility of universities and educators to prepare students to participate in conversations.  In her view universities are failing.  I'm not sure I disagree with her.  In particular:\n\nIn-group language usually signifies and defends an elite of some sort, and the tendency of this particular jargon is to imply that books, history, experience itself, are not to be understood by the uninitiated. Indeed, there are interpretive dogmas ready to demonstrate that the writer actually meant the opposite of what he thought he meant, or something else altogether, being inevitably implicated in the biases of his period and social class, and an entrenched defender of these interests, whatever his words might say. This notion is elitist in the worst sense, and divisive as well. Insights that are ahead of their time, or more generous than their circumstances, should be acknowledged and valued. This school of criticism deals with class, race, and gender as if these categories were simple, hard-edged, and all-determining, which is retrograde nonsense in the first place as well as a blow to mutual intelligibility.\n\nI start to lose her with her use of the word \"elitist\" (I hate that word), but given that the rest of the point is compelling, I'll let that slide.\n\nThe utility of language in division, obfuscation, and insulation is one we continuously underestimate.  I think that my progressive brethren have loads of issues to work through, but their inability to talk about their ideas with any measure of clarity and specificity is the one that drives me the most crazy.  Not because it's the most pressing, but because it's a tool that makes solving the bigger challenges possible in the first place.  Failing that ability to communicate with simplicity, honesty, and clarity even solving the larger issues bedeviling them will be of limited use.\n\nUsing jargon and language to avoid explaining their ideas clearly or reckoning with a lengthy intellectual history that shares ancestors with ideas they consider abhorrent is a problem, and an one that no one seems particularly keen on addressing.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.994718611240387}
+{"content": "Murder trial ends abruptly Wednesday as defendant enters guilty plea\n\nDecember 7, 2018\n\nThe trial for a Warrenville man charged in the 2017 murder of local cab driver had complications Wednesday after a situation arose involving a jury member, but the trial suddenly came to an end when the defendant decided to plead guilty.\n\nEverything went in order Wednesday morning, as the trial for Marcus Allen Turner, 22, began with an opening statement from both the state and the defense. The state then brought three witnesses to the stand, which included the woman who witnessed the assault of 70-year-old Robert Hightower on March 29, 2017.\n\nThen, after a short lunch break, court resumed and it was discovered a member of the jury had been seen by a court official speaking to members of the defendant’s family in the parking lot.\n\nEleventh Judicial Circuit Judge William Keesley, who presided over the case, had ordered the jury not to speak with each other or anyone else about the trial while it was underway.\n\nIndividuals on the jury were picked from a jury pool Tuesday, and Keesley asked everyone to disclose whether they knew anyone involved in the case or anyone connected to those individuals. The result would mean disqualification from the jury.\n\nKeesley brought the accused juror before the court Wednesday afternoon, where she admitted to speaking with the defendant’s family. When asked why she spoke to them, she told the judge it was because she knew them and knew of the defendant.\n\nThe court was then put into recess as the court worked to replace that jury member with an alternate juror.\n\nDuring the short recess, however, Turner decided to come forward and plead guilty before the court, which brought the trial to an abrupt end.\n\nTurner pleaded guilty Wednesday afternoon to voluntary manslaughter and strong armed robbery, court records show.\n\nKeesley sentenced Turner to 20 years in prison.\n\nTurner’s co-defendant’s David Jerome Jacobs, 25, and Rakim Barton, 20, both of whom are from Beech Island, have not gone before the court.\n\nJacobs and Barton are both charged with murder and strong-armed robbery, but Jacobs is also facing separate charges of armed robbery with a deadly weapon and possession of a weapon during a violent crime, records show.\n\nIn 2017, Robert Hightower and his companion picked up three black males in his cab around 1:30 a.m. from the Clearwater Village apartments and was asked to drive to a destination off Huber Clay Road, according to a police report.\n\nOnce the cab arrived at the destination, which was the intersection of Hannah Drive and Alex Drive in Warrenville, the three suspects exited the vehicle and refused to pay Hightower; the three suspects then proceeded to assault Hightower and rob him, the report states.\n\nThe report stated Hightower was struck with “some kind of wooden board,” and the suspects stole several items before fleeing the scene on foot, according to the report.\n\nEMS was called to the scene and Hightower was taken to an Augusta hospital, where surgery was performed due to swelling of the brain, police reported.\n\nAccording to the arrest warrants, all three suspects “beat the victim about his face and head with fists.”\n\nOn May 19, 2017, Aiken County Coroner Tim Carlton announced Hightower had died due to a “subdural hematoma” to the left side of his head.\n\nCarlton ruled his death a homicide.\n\nUpdate hourly", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8234143853187561}
+{"content": "Mia's World: An Extraordinary Gift. an Unforgettable Journey\n\nMia Dolan, Rosalyn Chissick\n\nAnno: 2005\nRilegatura: Paperback / softback\nPagine: 336 p.\nTesto in English\nDimensioni: 198 x 129 mm\nPeso: 270 gr.\n  • EAN: 9780007208920\npagabile con 18App pagabile con Carta del Docente\n\nArticolo acquistabile con 18App e Carta del Docente\n\n€ 10,28\n\n€ 12,09\n\nRisparmi € 1,81 (15%)\n\nVenduto e spedito da IBS\n\n10 punti Premium\n\nDisponibile in 5 gg lavorativi\n\n\nAltri venditori\n\nMostra tutti (2 offerte da 12,09 €)\n\nIn the follow up to the Sunday Times bestseller, The Gift, we are taken on a journey further into the psychic world of Mia Dolan, one of Britain's most gifted psychics. Mia's World is an amazing psychic adventure which reveals the truth about the spirit world. In Mia's World, Mia Dolan takes on a student - Roz Chissick, a writer with absolutely no previous psychic training, and teaches her how to tap into her innate psychic gift. The result is an exciting psychic adventure not only for Roz but also for you the reader. Mia reveals more of her fascinating experiences of ghosts, spirits and explains the truth about the darker forces from the other side. We are taken on ghost-busts, to the mystical site of Avalon and astral travels to the home of her spirit guide. Mia reveals how we find happiness in this world and answers profound questions about life, death and psychic phenomena: - What is it like to die? - How can we still communicate with loved ones after death? - Do angels and demons exist? - Is there such a thing as a soul mate? - Is there such a thing as destiny or do we control our own fate? - What happens to our souls after we die? 'I wish there was some way I could share my ability to see things other people can't. We all have a guide, but not everyone can see or hear theirs. I've no idea what opened up the link between Eric and me, but I consider it a gift.' Mia Dolan in Real magazine", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.000009536743164}
+{"content": "iOS 8 Bug Reportedly Deleting User Documents\n\n\nUsers have reported that an iOS 8 bug is deleting documents stored in iCloud Drive without permission.\n\nExit Theatre Mode\n\nMultiple MacRumors users report that the bug is triggered by the \"Reset All Settings\" option in iOS 8. Though the option explicitly states that \"No data or media will be deleted,\" many users have lost documents in iCloud Drive following their attempt to reset their settings.\n\nUser comments suggest that the bug seems to be specific to documents from iWork apps, such as Keynote, Pages, and Numbers.\n\niCloud Drive allows users to store and access documents such as spreadsheets, PDFs, and images across all of their Apple devices. If you've got iCloud Drive enabled, you'll want to refrain from using the \"Reset All Settings\" option on your devices until Apple has addressed the issue.\n\nIt's not the first problem to arise since iOS 8's launch, with iOS update 8.0.1 being pulled after reports of unresponsive Touch ID and broken cellular reception. Apple has since released update 8.0.2 to address the issues.\n\nIGN is reaching out to Apple for comment.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9677725434303284}
+{"content": "Baked Yummy Apples for the Holiday Season\n\nCold weather certainly can deter the average person from thinking of cold salads and other items that are most optimal for health.  While I, myself, am a huuuge food junkie, I always strive to create options for myself along with my fans to help push past the hunger pangs from colder weather and darker days.  With the holidays here, I knew that I needed some sort of staple that I can turn to for when I just feel like making fresh baked JZ FITNESS cookies (which can be fattening if you eat more than 2).  Baked apple is my new stitch.\n\nThis option stemmed from me purchasing a whole bag of red apples from Trader Joes and having a ton left over from what I originally bought them for.  I am not the biggest apple fan because of the texture, but baked apples that taste like dessert, I am in!\n\nAll you need:\n\n  1. Red or Green apples\n  2. Organic honey\n  3. Candied pecans or walnuts\n  4. Cinnamon\n\nWhat to do:\n\nHollow out the center of the apple removing the core and seeds.  Place a little bit less than a handful of the candied nuts into the center.  Top it with a teaspoon of honey.  Sprinkle cinnamon on top.  Place it on a baking sheet.  It’s good to make two so that someone can enjoy it with you otherwise one is good too.  Bake in the oven for 15 minutes at 375 degrees and then check on it.  If it’s soft enough to your liking then boom, your apple is ready.  Well, not quite yet. Let it first cool down for at least 5 minutes, otherwise you might burn your mouth.  Ouch!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9714211225509644}
+{"content": "Standing on the Edge of History\n\nThe Original Currency of Conquest\nReborn after 150 years\n\nClick on the coins below for more information or call 0808 164 41 05\nDownload the brochure here\n\n\"Get gold, humanely if you can, but at all costs, get gold\"\n\nKing Ferdinand of Spain to his new world explorers in 1511\n\nSpanish explorers travelled the world in search of gold. Columbus’ first question on arriving in the New World in 1492 was to ask the local population where he could find the precious metal!\n\nHernán Cortés (1485-1547) was amazed to find that the Aztecs had so much gold that they used it to decorate ornaments! Their economy was based on trading cacao beans and cloth. Cortés reported that half a kilo of gold could be bought for just 250 cacao beans!\n\nHuge reserves of gold were found in the Americas, and the Spanish put the local population to work underground to extract it from the earth.\n\nIn 1537 the gold Spanish Escudo (the word means ‘Shield’) was launched. It soon became a popular global trading coin due to its identifiable design, constant weight and consistent purity.\n\nIt was the forerunner for other international trading coins such as the Dutch Ducat, the British Sovereign, the American Double Eagle and the South African Krugerrand.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5206611156463623}
+{"content": "\nCoaching vereinbaren\n\nHow to address the interviewer in German/French or other languages that distinguish formal and informal “you”?\n\nAnonym A\n\n\nI’m a not native German speaker but I will have my interviews in German. In this language you can distinguish between “du” (you as you would address a friend”), and “Sie” (you as you would address a stranger, which is the polite form).\n\nMy questions concerns which form to use: do I remain with the formal polite form of “Sie” throughout the interview independent of how the interviewer addresses me or do I change to the friendly form of “du” as soon as the interviewer does this?\n\nI believe a similar issue exists in other languages as well so please share your tips even if you don’t know German but e.g. French.\n\nThanks a lot!\n\n  • Upvotes\n  • Datum aufsteigend\n  • Datum absteigend\nantwortete am 05.03.2018\n\nFor interviews in German the rule is crystal clear: you ALWAYS go with \"Sie\". No exceptions. :)\n\n\n\nFrancesco antwortete am 04.03.2018\n\nHi Anonymous,\n\nI can speak for my experience in Italy, where interviews are also formal as in Germany and have two pronouns to address formal (“Lei”) and informal (“Tu”) relationships. Here in Italy, you always start interviews with the formal version.\n\nIt actually never happened to me that the interviewer moved from the formal “Lei” to the informal “Tu” without notice. When the interviewer wanted to move to informal, he/she always anticipated it was ok to keep the conversation informal. After that, it was ok to use the informal version (“Tu”), since he/she explicitly mentioned to proceed in that way.\n\nHaving said that, if the interviewer had moved from formal to informal without notice I would have stick to formal until a request from the interviewer side, as a form of respect.\n\n\n\nVlad antwortete am 05.03.2018\n\n\nIn the countries where you have that peculiarity in language and especially in the countries with hierarchical management culture you should always use a more polite way of communication.\n\n\nAktuell nicht aktiver Experte\nantwortete am 04.03.2018\n\nHey anonymous,\n\nAlways go formal except if clearly expressed by the interviewer upfront - consulting is a very informal world in the relationships between the consultants themselves, but very very formal otherwise. And you don’t want to be the one causing a really bad impression since the first minute\n\n\n\nÄhnliche Fragen\nKeine ähnlichen Fragen verfügbar", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8785648345947266}
+{"content": "Prophecy Weekly: February 4-10, 2018\n\n\nIn other news, the US military became a hot topic.  Trump’s expanded military budget will put the country further into debt.  At the same time, he has requested a military parade to show of the might of the US military.  In the bible, there is a character that leans on his military might.  Click on each box below to learn more!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000029802322388}
+{"content": "Learn Forex Trading for Beginners\n\n20 Lessons\n20 Hours\n\nTrading Theories to Use: Short Description of Each\n\nIn sharp contrast with indicators, trading theories aim to map the markets. While they appeared a long time ago, traders use them in Forex trading too.\n\nTrading theories claim to forecast future prices based on historical ones. In a way, that’s what trend indicators and oscillators do.\n\nHowever, there’s a big difference. It comes from the time horizon.\n\nTrend indicators help enter a trend, and oscillators give clues as to when a potential reversal appears. And that’s it.\n\nIf you’re satisfied with this kind of trading, that’s ok. But some traders want more.\n\nWhat if the market movements do have an explanation? What if Forex trading is more than making sense of chaotic moves? What if?\n\nTrading evolved with the speed of light. Believe it or not, in the last few decades technologies offered new possibilities to access the market.\n\nPossibilities that didn’t exist, but new technologies disrupted the markets. And, they changed the way we, as traders, look at markets and perceive them.\n\nWhat is technological progress, anyway? A bunch of talented and hard-working people striving for the light at the end of the tunnel.\n\nSomething deemed impossible, in the end, becomes reachable. Why not apply the same principle to Forex trading?\n\nTrading theories or concepts have a mystic aura. The difference between a trading theory and trading with an indicator is like between a legend and a story.\n\nA legend is something few believe, but many search for.\n\nA story is something that we know happened. We need no further proof.\n\nThe same goes with trading theories. They belong to that side of technical analysis few dare to go.\n\nBut the ones that do encounter a different world than the one of merely trading overbought or oversold levels. They find theories and concepts built on logical thinking.\n\nAnd, they find unfinished work. After all, how do we, as a society, progress, if not continuing the work of our predecessors? That’s so true in Forex trading!\n\nThen why isn’t everyone jumping into trading theories? Why sticking with scalping, trend indicators, and oscillators, when you can dip into logical thinking and market understanding?\n\nThe explanation is more than simple. It’s hard work, dedication, time-consuming, and with an uncertain outcome.\n\nHence, most choose the easy way. Isn’t that how human nature works?\n\nElliott Waves Theory in Forex Trading\n\nThe Elliott Waves Theory (or the “Secret of the Universe” as Ralph N. Elliott titles his last book) has many practitioners in the technical analysis universe. Moreover, it claims to understand human nature.\n\nWhen all you hear around you is how prone to error traders are because of traits like fear and greed, then you turn your eyes to the Elliott Waves Theory.\n\nThe theory has a brilliant concept. It divides the market moves in waves.\n\nMoreover, it further splits the waves into impulsive and corrective waves. And, an impulsive wave always has a correction that follows.\n\nElliott came with the idea that the market moves on human input. More precisely, on human behavior.\n\nTherefore, he looked at price patterns and labeled them in such a way to fit a cycle. A cycle that comprises both an impulsive and a corrective wave.\n\nTo complicate things even further, he acknowledged the fact that any market has different perspectives. What he wanted to point out though, was the traders’ perception of each market.\n\nNowadays, that’s obvious in Forex trading or in trading any other financial products. The timeframes come to help.\n\nBut when Elliott came up with the theory, there were no personal computers available. Imagine the effort he put in!\n\nFor more about the Elliott Waves Theory and the way to count waves, check the articles to follow in this Trading Academy. For now, for this level, just remember that five waves up followed by three waves down, form an Elliott cycle.\n\nThe Gann Theory\n\nW.H. Gann was a famous trader that dealt in the commodity markets, as well as in the stock market. He was passionate about numbers and astrology and was a firm believer that everything moves for a reason.\n\nOne of his famous predictions came true not only at the right price but at the right time. And so, financial markets heard for the first time the notion of price and time in trading.\n\nIn other words, not only the price (the target) matters but the time also (when the price will reach the goal). Ever since those days, combining price and time became the aim of every trader.\n\nForex trading incorporated the Gann principles fast. In fact, all trading platforms offer the so-called Gann tools, but none explain the concept.\n\nThe one that comes close to it is the Gann Fan tool. Let me explain.\n\nGann had the idea that everything moves for a reason. And, that every financial security (e.g., currency, individual stock, commodity, etc.) rises and falls respecting a particular angle.\n\nAn angle so unique, he named it 1x1. The Gann Fan tool available in all trading platforms, MetaTrader4 included, shows the 1x1 line in the middle of it.\n\nCheck the chart above and count four lines to left and four to the right. The one in the middle is the famous 1x1 line.\n\nNow, as all things related to trading theories, Gann’s work has a mysterious touch too. His writing was lost then rediscovered, his legacy was miss-interpreted, and some even pointed out that one of his books used coding for explaining the main theory.\n\nIs it the truth? Is it a myth? Perhaps we’ll find out.\n\nPoint and Figure Charting in Forex Trading\n\nPoint and figure charting is one trading theory that made its comeback with a vengeance. While quite old, it was recently rediscovered and brought to light by traders looking to filter the swings in Forex trading.\n\nUnfortunately (like any “gem” I would say), no software works for its correct interpretation. Make no mistake, indicators that claim to show a point and figure chart correctly do exist.\n\nBut, the principle is so specific to each currency pair, that plenty of customization is required. And even so, the software fails to capture the “human touch.”\n\nI won’t insist much on it but want to point to why it re-captured traders’ imagination: it deals with time, not only with price.\n\nIn other words, this theory can “skip” dull or lull days in Forex trading. Days that just don’t matter, unless the price travels a certain distance. If not, the chart stays merely as is.\n\nA regular chart will display a bar or candle for every period. Not the right point and figure chart, though!\n\nIts main advantage is that the resulting chart is far more accurate, as it “scraps” unnecessary information. Who wouldn’t want to trade such a theory?\n\nHowever, because it involves manual calculations and some math-oriented minds, not many traders get along with it. Savvy traders, though, strive to get the best of it.\n\n\nThe subject of this article is too vast to cover it all at this stage of our Trading Academy. The idea was to highlight the essential trading theories, the ones that do stand out of the crowd.\n\nLater in the Academy, we’ll cover some of them in more detail. We’ll look at what makes Elliott Waves unique, and how to use Gann in Forex trading.\n\nWe’ll also discuss Gartley (the father of harmonic trading) and other concepts that, in time, evolved into trading theories. But we’ll concentrate on the most powerful ones, the ones that should not be missed from any trader’s analysis.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.57364821434021}
+{"content": "Editorial Articles\n\nEditorial Article\n\n\nDr. M.A. Haque\n\nThough climate change is considered a recent phenomenon, its roots are more than 150 years old. In 1820s, French scientist Joseph Fourier was trying to understand the factors affecting Earth's temperature. Fourier realised that atmosphere was playing a crucial role. In 1861, the Irish Scientist John Tyndall demonstrated that methane and carbon dioxide could trap heat within the atmosphere while Swedish, Physicist Svante Arrhenius provided numerical estimates of temperature changes due to doubling of CO2 in the atmosphere. Joseph Kincer suggested in 1933 that temperature in individual cities was rising. In 1938 Guy Stewart Callendar gave evidence of 0.3°C rise in global temperatures over the previous 50 years. He suggested that the same was mainly due to CO2 release from fossil fuels. In 1961, Callendar updated his estimates for global temperatures. The current understanding matches their findings. Now there is a consensus that human activities have been affecting the climate. It is also being acknowledged that nations contributing least to the problem would be affected the most. There were typhoons in Philippines and India, droughts in Africa, threats to island nations from rising sea. The Sea level has risen by 15 cm since 1949. The reasons are obvious. While on one hand the carbon dioxide emission has increased from 14.9 Gigatonnes in 1970 to 35.6 Gigatonnes in 2015, on the other hand, the forest cover (which helps in absorbing CO2) has shrunk from 4.7 billion hectares in 1949 to 714.9 million hectares in 2015.\n\nRecent Initiatives:\n\nIn 1988 Inter governmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC) was set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) to prepare Assessment Reports on Climate Change and its impact based on scientific information. Five Assessment Reports have been presented by IPCC. Leaving few aberrations, the IPCC Reports have by and large established the role of human activities in bringing about Climate Change. Various meetings and Conferences have been held to resolve the issue without any success. Later, a warning was issued that if the present situation continues, average temperature of Earth may rise by 4ºC in near future. That would be catastrophic forthe earth. Consensus was reached to keep the global temperature rise to 2ºC or less through global cooperation. In this backdrop, the 21st Conference of Parties started in Paris.\n\nParis Developments: Initially, there were differences among the participating countries. However, on 12th December 2015, 196 nations reached a landmark Accord. Nearly every country has committed to lower the emissions of greenhouse gases to control the most drastic Climate Change. Initial demand that only developed economies could take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions was sacrificed. The present accord requires action in some form from every country. United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, said \"This is truly a historic moment. For the first time, we have a truly universal agreement on climate change.\"\n\nThe historic climate accord at Paris has paved the way for leveling out the persistent increase in Carbon dioxide, CO2 emissions, which started with Industrial Revolution. The approval of text of the agreement by 196 nations will lead to reduction in emission of greenhouse gases by about 50 per cent, which can further stave off increase in atmospheric temperature by 2 degree Celsius. The Accord signals global markets to shift their investments from traditional sources of energy like coal, oil and gas to zero-CO2 energy sources like wind, solar and nuclear power. Five years ago, a similar deal was impossible. However, the situation seems to be changing. The Paris agreement after ratification by nations is to be signed in April 2016 at the United Nations in New York. Earlier, the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change summit had failed as countries could not iron out their differences. Most of them believed that Climate Change was a problem for future generations.Now the situation is different as scientific studies have confirmed that imhas already started adding to woes of the present generation itself. Flooding in Miami, droughts and water shortages in China are some of the examples of changing climate. The Paris Accord is the outcome of several factors including shifts in the domestic policies and relationships between United States and China, the two largest greenhouse gas emitters. Also, India has shown maturity in not sticking to its earlier stand of total exemption. The final Accord did not fully satisfy everyone and some developing nations have expressed their concerns. The Poorer nations wanted a legally binding provision that rich countries provide minimum of $100 billion a year to help them adapt to climate change and mitigate its impact. In the final document, $100 billion amount finds mention in the preamble but not in the legally binding part.\n\nFuture Expectations: It is expectedthat emissions will get reduced by 50 per cent if the Paris Accord is implemented. However, the national plans will vary in scope and ambition. Although every country is required to bring a plan, there is no legal requirement saying how they will reduce the emission and by how much. The crux is that the emission levels are to be cut down by all signatories. The countries will also be required to meet every five years, starting from 2020, with their updated plans to further tighten their emission levels. Every five years from 2023 onwards, the countries will publicly report on how they are cutting emissions with reference to their plans and as per a universal accounting system. Although Individual country's plans are voluntary,these plans are legally required to be monitored, verified and reported publicly. This will ensure that suitable environment is created for implementation of the Paris Accord.\n\nIndia, China and the Accord: India and China have welcomed the Paris Accord. These are world's two most populous countries. Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi has hailed the Accord and tweeted that \"Outcome of Paris agreement has no winners or losers. Climate justice has won and we are all working towards a greener future,\" Mr Prakash Javadekar, the Minister of State for Environment, said \"What we have adopted is not only an agreement, but we have written a new chapter of hope in the lives of seven billion people on the planet.\" He praised that the Accord was based on the principles of climate justice and common but differentiated responsibilities.\n\nChina's envoy said the Accord indicated that the nations were \"marching historic steps forward.\"Earlier, Beijing and New Delhi had different views from developed nations in the UN climate forum. This time with other developing nations, they have resisted moves to levy difficult emission-reducing obligations upon them. Also, they have got assurances of finance from rich nations. Similar issues had resulted in failures, earlier. Sharp differences among the countries have been sorted out substantially at Paris. The Accord further tries to start new market mechanism allowing CO2 reductions trade between nations. India is likely to make financial gains by trading the benefits from solar power plants, it is planning.\n\n(The author writes on environmental issues, views expressed are his Personal e-mail: asrarulhaque@hotmail.com", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8550320267677307}
+{"content": "Wednesday, 12 December 2018\nLatest news\nMain » Medical marijuana could help lower opioid prescription\n\nMedical marijuana could help lower opioid prescription\n\n04 April 2018\n\nThe studies were published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine, with both of them comparing \"opioid prescription patterns in states that have enacted medical cannabis laws with those that have not\". \"We do know that cannabis is much less risky than opiates, as far as likelihood of dependency\", W. David Bradford told NPR.\n\n\n\"State implementation of medical marijuana laws was associated with a 5.88 percent lower rate of opioid prescribing\".\n\nAccording to CNN, the United States is entangled in the worst opioid epidemic the world has ever seen, but two recent studies suggest medical marijuana can be quite a powerful tool in the fight to bring that epidemic to an end. That's about 39 fewer prescriptions per 1,000 people using Medicaid.\n\n\"This longitudinal analysis of Medicare Part D found that prescriptions filled for all opioids decreased by 2.11 million daily doses per year from an average of 23.08 million daily doses per year when a state instituted any medical cannabis law\". So that doesn't count people using illegal opioids or folks who don't use Medicare or large parts of the population that are under 65.\n\nThis means that allowing the use of cannabis for medical purposes may encourage lower prescription opioid use and reduce the harm in the opioid crisis, the study said, noting that the finding was \"particularly strong\" in states that permit dispensaries.\n\n\nOlfson said a study needs to be conducted that follows individuals and determines whether or not marijuana use is a good substitute for opioids, but it's hard to conduct such a study because of the restrictions the federal government puts on marijuana research. But another study published in the same journal this week showed similar findings. Medicaid provides health insurance at a low cost to people and families who are economically vulnerable.\n\nIn the first study, investigators from the University of Kentucky and Emory University assessed the association between medical and adult-use marijuana laws with opioid prescribing rates and spending among Medicaid enrollees.\n\n\"Like any drug in our FDA-approved pharmacopeia, it can be misused\", he said.\n\nMedical marijuana could help lower opioid prescription", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9124419689178467}
+{"content": "Grade 1 Hisar writing about the seasons\n\nTurkish Grade 1 students at Hisar wrote and drew about the changes occurring with seasons\n\nGrade 1 Hisar sorting weather items into categories\n\nGrade 1 at Hisar worked on sorting out pictures related to seasons into categories. They were not told that these were related to seasons, and came up with some very interesting ideas. Some unkowingly sorted them out according to the seasons (naming them, like Denis did), others categorized them according to different clothing items, the change in trees, or weather.\n\nGrade 1 Hisar and the weather\n\n\nGrade 1 Marmara exploring the weather\n\nGrade 1 students have been learning about different weather terms in Turkish class. They brainstormed about what they would need to present the weather to an audience. These were the days of the week, months and the name of cities. So we chose to start with the map of Turkey, so as to learn the location of different cities in the country. We also looked into different sentence structures such as “bugün hava güneşli”, and how it is different from “dün hava güneşliydi”, and how the suffixes change according to past, present and future tenses.\n\nGrade 1 Hisar creates a word web\n\nGrade 1 at Hisar creates a word web with \"tırtıl\".\n\nGrade 1 at Hisar creates a word web with “tırtıl”.\n\nGrade 1 Turkish language A students created a web with the word “tırtıl”. They searched for words associated to a caterpillar. There were some very creative ones. They then chose two words to make up a sentence. Realizing that the sentences were not complete or descriptive enough, they went on to look for new words to add to the existing ones.\n\nGrade 1 Hisar Making Syllables\n\nGrade 1 Hisar students are busy – and very enthusiastic about converting their knowledge of the alphabet into matching syllables to make words this week.\n\nSkip to toolbar", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9127291440963745}
+{"content": "by Andrew Boyd\n\nClick here for audio of Episode 2894\n\nToday, the unmentionable. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them.\n\nI first ran into it while walking the shoreline of a beautiful deep blue river in the Pacific Northwest. What I saw was big, perhaps the largest I'd ever encountered. Open tanks. Spherical enclosures. It was a modern wastewater treatment plant.\n\nRiver of wastewater\n\nOverhead shot of wastewater plant\n\nMy visceral reaction was \"what a shame to be dumping pollutants into such a pristine environment.\" Then my gut gave way to my head.\n\nHuman bodies generate waste. It's simply a fact of life. So one way or another we have to deal with it. And while we turn our noses up at it — both figuratively and literally — it's not life threatening. It is, after all, created by and carried within our bodies.\n\nLiquid waste is especially benign. It's over 95 percent water to begin with, and remaining compounds like sodium and potassium aren't especially frightening. It contains urea, which sounds menacing but really isn't. Urea is colorless, odorless, and non-toxic. Liquid waste is actually sterile in the bladder, though it picks up trace amounts of bacteria as it leaves the body. That's why it's actually used as a disinfectant in some cultures.\n\nSolid waste's a little different. It's still composed of over 75 percent water, and of the remaining 25 percent nothing's especially scary. Unlike liquid waste, however, about 8 percent of solid waste is made up of bacteria, living and dead.\n\nMost bacteria aren't a health threat. In fact, we rely on many different kinds of bacteria to digest our food. But some bacteria have the potential, for a time, to cause trouble when they make their way outside of the intestines. They can cause illness if ingested. Cholera, which can arise in areas where human waste is not properly treated, is an example.\n\nSo what exactly do wastewater treatment plants do with the wastewater? The solid and liquid components are separated. The solids are sent to a digester, so-called because special bacteria are introduced to digest the sludge — that's the technical term. The process kills potentially harmful bacteria and creates biogas as a byproduct. The gas can in turn be used to power the plant. What's left of the solids is used for fertilizer or sent to a sanitary landfill.\n\nThe vast majority of the waste that arrives at a wastewater treatment plant is liquid; and not just any liquid, but water — with trace amounts of other compounds. Small amounts of chlorine are used to kill whatever bacteria become suspended in the water, after which it's discharged into rivers or oceans. So in the end, wastewater treatment is less about back lot dealings with the unmentionable than it is about simply reclaiming water.\n\nI reminded myself of these facts as I continued my walk downstream of the plant, headed toward one of my favorite river shore parks.\n\nWastewater Park\n\n\n(Theme music)\n\nNotes and references:\n\nThe facility described in the essay is the Riverside Park Water Reclamation Facility serving the city of Spokane, Washington. It is depicted above.\n\nAnaerobic Digestion. From the US DOE website: Accessed June 27, 2013.\n\nE. Coli. From the US CDC website: Accessed June 27, 2013.\n\nFeces. From the Encyclopedia Britannica website: Accessed June 27, 2013.\n\nUrea. From the Wikipedia website: Accessed June 27, 2013.\n\nUrine. From the Wikipedia website: Accessed June 27, 2013.\n\nA Visit to the Wastewater Treatment Plant: Primary Treatment of Wastewater. From the USGS website: Accessed June 27, 2013.\n\nWaste Water Process. From the Cobourg, Ontario website: Accessed June 27, 2013.\n\nWater: Monitoring and Assessment: Fecal Matter. From the US EPA website: Accessed June 27, 2013.\n\nThe overhead picture of the Spokane waste treatment facility is from Google Maps. All remaining pictures of the Spokane River near the facility are from Washington State government websites.\n\nThis episode first aired on July 11, 2013.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5383551120758057}
+{"content": "This is me.\nI study\nthe human brain.\n\nAnd how it\ncontrols your voice.\n\n\nFrom an ancestor that communicated only through pre-programmed emotional vocalizations, humans evolved the ability to learn novel vocal patterns. My research focuses on exploring the evolutionarily novel neural system that gives humans flexible control over the larynx and how the vocal system coordinates pre-programmed and learned vocal motor patterns to produce vocalizations that simultaneously encode emotional tone of voice and speech.\n\nWhat happens when the larynx goes wrong? Stuttering is a complex speech disorder characterized by repetitions, prolongations, or blocked vocalization in speech. Though there are many possible causes of stuttering, one of them is a haywire larynx that struggles to keep up with the rapid movements of speech. I am interested in how the changes to the brain over the course of human evolution that have allowed us to speak may have left us vulnerable to disorders of speech.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999527931213379}
+{"content": "FF: American Gods\n\nThis week’s Flashback Friday: American Gods by Neil Gaiman\n\nAmerican Gods\n\nAfter the scariness of Super Tuesday, Neil was excited to share the news about Wonderful Wednesday–as in the character from American Gods, which is being made into a mini-series for Starz.\n\nThis book was the 2nd book I’d read by Neil Gaiman (the first being Neverwhere), and for a long time, it sat as my favorite book of all time. (It still pops back up to #1 when I reread it. Yeah, I’m fickle that way.) The idea that culture has shifted religious views isn’t a new idea, but Neil pulls it off with his typical aplomb.\n\nMoney is a God in our society, as are Greed and Poverty and many other ideas that drive us to keep up with the Jones’s. Or put others down. Even major religions like Christianity have become twisted and skewed in the sight of money. Churches are more concerned with filling their coffers than helping the homeless sleeping on their porches.\n\nEven our politicians bow down to the mighty dollar. It’s depressing.\n\nWhen I read this book, I knew what sort of writer I wanted to be. I didn’t want to write the same tired plots with the same clichéd characters. I wanted to write stories that made people think, made people question–stories that made people uncomfortable as they squirmed through the plot. I wanted to push boundaries and blur the lines between the good guys and the bad guys.\n\nLet’s face it–as humans, we’re both.\n\nThat was one of the things that fascinated me about the Little Dozen Kingdoms and the Amaskans was that I was taking something normally seen as a villain (an assassin) and flipping it on its head. Members of the Order of Amaska live by a religious code. They are a mix of justice-seeking monks and assassins, and like any group, they feel they are doing the right thing. Killing people who commit acts against the 13 is their god’s wish.\n\nIt’s a dangerous idea–people acting on the idea that they are doing what’s best for others. Just look at American politics for the past century to see the pros and cons of that.\n\nDiscovering that you’re wrong…well, that’s what book II’s for.\n\nAmerican Gods taught me that bucking the rules and taking chances can pay off with a brilliant story. It also taught me that at the end of the day, it’s all about the characters.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6152793169021606}
+{"content": "Attracting and Utilizing Beneficial Insects\n\n In Organic Farming Practices\n\nThere is lots of buzz lately about the plight of insects, especially bees. Market gardeners have it tough. It is difficult to balance the needs of farming with the demands of consumers. We have only to look to the argument over GMO’s to see the backlash from the public. That is one of the reasons that organic food is growing by leaps and bounds — the end consumer is driving the market. Attracting and utilizing beneficial insects is not just a whimsical idea it is an idea that can drive marketing campaigns and attract consumers to your products. In this market farming and flower blog, we explore the needs of insects and provide a few insights into organic means of benefiting from beneficial insects.\n\nPredator or Prey?\nThe insect world, in its simplest form, can be divided into two groups. Those that prey upon other insects and those that do not. As we begin the discussion about beneficial insects, it becomes important that we define what the word beneficial means. For farmers, “beneficial” should mean the insect provides a service that improves crop yield. This could be as simple as attracting pollinators. However, for flower farmers, pollination is not a huge concern since they are harvesting the flower. An example of a beneficial insect for flower farmers is one that preys upon insects that consume flowers or flowering plants. The challenge for organic farmers is attracting beneficial insects to their gardens at just the right time.\n\nTime is an important consideration because insects are present all year long. We may not notice that there are beetles on the farm. We may not notice that there are butterflies in winter. The reason being is that insects change shape. Their life cycle ranges from an egg to a larva, and onwards to an adult. Some insects, those that have a complete lifecycle also pupate before becoming an adult. So just because we do not see butterflies in winter, they are still present as a chrysalis in their pupal form. The same is true of pests. So pest control for small farms should include consideration of time and form of insects.\n\nPollinators — There Are more Available than Just Honey Bees.\nNative bees are a huge and often untapped labor force for market gardeners and flower farmers. The reason we don’t hear a lot about them is because they are solitary and ground nesting. That means when you till up your land you destroy their nests. An easy solution to this problem is a hedgerow. A hedgerow is typically a row of native plants and shrubs which may be pruned but not removed. In the ground, around the roots native bees create nests. There is a lot of research available on the benefit of hedgerows and pollination and an equal amount of research that discusses how hedgerows help decrease pests. UC Berkeley has a good resource for learning more about hedgerows and farming.\n\nPest Control for Non-pollinators.\nInsects are remarkable, but they are also difficult to use as tools. The natural cycle of life is such that without an explosion of pests you will likely not ever has an explosion of predatory insects. Ladybugs are a prime example. Even when we buy them for pest control they tend to disappear shortly after we release them. This is because insects operate based on pheromones and when we capture ladybugs they are almost always in a dispersal mode. This is why they fly away. Biological controls do help and we use insects in that capacity. A good example of a biological control is the praying mantis. These can be purchased as egg cases and then distributed around your farm. As you think about ladybugs and mantids understand that time is still a key consideration. Mantids are typically out in mid-summer and gone by late fall. They are also not pest-specific. They happily eat anything they can catch from hummingbirds to bees. They are also fairly worthless on small insects such as aphids. That means that pest control has to be a conscientious process. The predator needs to match the prey in terms of size and emergent timing. Fortunately, insect predators come in all sizes. Take the parasitoid wasps which range from tiny 1mm to beasts that hunt and battle tarantulas. There are biological controls for many insect pest problems. Here is a list of biological control insects used in New Zealand as an example.\n\nThe big question for market farmers is what’s bugging you?\n\n\nThe Featured Image above is a Papilio rutulus – The Western tiger swallowtail – A beautiful and helpful pollinator – Photo credit: David Stillwell\n\nRecommended Posts\nContact Us\n\n\nAutomated farctory farm showing the crop density possible with automated watering, lighting and temperature control.Garden Soil", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.692503809928894}
+{"content": "Our Services\n\nOur Services\n\nDecember 05, 2018\n\nAirbnb and short-term letting in sectional title complexes\n\nCan body corporate’s rules prohibit this?\n\nI believe that Airbnb has over 40,000 South African active listings on their site. How many of those are owners in sectional title complexes, and how do short-term rentals affect security in complexes?\nAs our complex views short-term rentals of under 3 months as a security risk, our body corporate rules provide:\n\nIt is recorded that no section shall be let by any owner or resident for a period of less than 3 months at a time. No \"Airbnb\" or similar leasing/bed and breakfast/hotel/serviced apartment arrangements or platforms shall be permitted unless the prior written consent of the Trustees is obtained.\n\nBut can we enforce this? It seems that we must wait for a High Court ruling.\n\nThe Community Schemes Ombud Service Act (“the CSOS Act”) applies. In July 2018, the CSOS adjudicator heard a dispute between the body corporate and three owners regarding the amendment of the body corporate’s conduct rules that prohibited letting units in the scheme for a period of less than 3 months. The owners, who had been making use of the Airbnb website to let their units for less than three months at a time, contended that this rule was unfair and unreasonable.\n\nThe adjudicator had to consider the following questions:\n\n1.     Is the rule prohibiting short-term rentals in compliance with the Sectional Titles Schemes Management Act (“the STSMA”)?\n2.     And, if so, is the rule applicable and enforceable against the 3 owners letting their units on Airbnb?\n3.     Is the rule prohibiting short-term rentals in compliance with the STSMA?\n\nThe adjudicator considered section 10(3) of the STSMA, which requires that a scheme’s conduct rules be reasonable and apply equally to all owners of units within the scheme, and the balance between the respective interests of the owners and the body corporate.\nn summary, the adjudicator’s findings were as follows:\n·         The rule prohibiting short-term rentals of less than 3 months at a time is reasonable and fair in the circumstances.\n·         Different rules cannot apply to different owners and the owners who previously let their units via the Airbnb platform have to abide by the new rule.\n\n·         However, the rule should only become enforceable after a fair and reasonable notice period.\n\nHaving reached that conclusion, however, the adjudicator finally found that the CSOS Act “does not confer any jurisdiction on an adjudicator to make an order whereby a party can be instructed to cease his/her/their behaviour in contravention of a rule” and further that the act “does not confer the jurisdiction on an adjudicator to declare a rule reasonable and enforceable.”\n\nThe adjudicator confirmed that as she does not have the required jurisdiction she stated that “given the uncertainty in schemes insofar as short term letting is concerned, a High Court ruling would be highly beneficial”.\n\nNovember 16, 2018\n\nIs your sectional title complex looking a bit tired?\n\nSectional title maintenance and improvement\n\n\nThe trustees of your body corporate need to maintain the complex (to keep it more or less in its original condition). These items are provided for in a budget that deals with routine maintenance and provision for unforeseen expenses. The trustees normally have discretion to authorise spending on these items. If the maintenance item is out of the ordinary (e.g. you need to spend a large sum to resurface your tennis court) a majority of the owners should approve the expenditure.\n\n\nSometimes, it may be necessary to improve the property (perhaps to make it appear more modern).  An improvement that is a “must have” is likely to be non-luxurious but one that is a “nice to have” is probably luxurious. The common property of a scheme is owned by all owners in undivided shares. One of the basic principles of co-ownership is that all owners must agree to any significant or change to their property.\n\nMaintenance of the common property, especially in schemes that have been running for a few years, should hold no surprises. Improvements to the common property, on the other hand, are not routine. This uncertainty is unfortunate because while a non-luxurious improvement must almost always be authorised by a special resolution of the body corporate, a difficult thing to achieve, authorising a luxurious improvement always requires a unanimous resolution, an exceptionally difficult thing to achieve.\n\nThe trustees are entitled to suggest a non-luxurious improvement but there is a specified procedure that must be followed to get the authorisation. The owners must be notified in writing of the trustees’ suggestion and given 30 days to request a meeting to discuss the proposal. They must be fully informed of the financial implications and, if any owner requests a meeting to discuss the improvement, a meeting must be held and the special resolution taken at the meeting. If the resolution is not taken, the improvement cannot be made. There are two implications to this provision. The first is that if no owner requests a meeting within the required thirty day notice period, the meeting need not be held and no special resolution is required to authorise that particular improvement. The second is that this is one special resolution that must be taken at a meeting and cannot be taken by round robin.\n\nNovember 09, 2018\n\nCCTV cameras at home and the right to privacy\n\nA client asked: What is the law on CCTV installation on a private property in relation to privacy and the law? I have a situation where a camera has been set such that 85% of what is being captured is in my yard.\n\nPrivacy issues\n\nYou have the right to protect your property and this can be done by using a CCTV system where it is necessary, such as a security measure. However, out of respect for your neighbour, CCTV systems should be used in a responsible way to respect the privacy of others.\n\nThe problem arises when you cross the line between monitoring your own property and somebody else’s. If your camera is angled in such a way that it includes coverage of your neighbour’s yard or driveway, then complaints about invasion of privacy will follow.\n\nCCTV monitoring is acceptable and even welcomed in public places, but it is unreasonable to be spied on in your own private property. \n\nThe law\n\nThe complaints about invasion of privacy are not specifically protected in law. Our constitution gives a citizen the broad right to privacy. However, there is nothing illegal, per se, about home surveillance in South Africa.\nSouth Africa’s Protection of Personal Information Act which seeks to regulate the Processing of Personal Information, does not apply to purely household or personal activity.\nClearly, the common law would protect you, regarding your neighbour’s CCTV cameras, when:\n·         The surveillance is of a criminal or voyeuristic nature;\n·         The area being monitored is one where someone would reasonably expect to have privacy, such as a bedroom or bathroom;\n·         The surveillance is of such intensity that it is creating a nuisance, preventing someone from the enjoyment of their property;\n·         The installation of the cameras is the result of a neighbourhood dispute involving threatening behaviour, in which case an apprehended violence order may call for the cameras to be removed.\nThe solution\nUse some basic common sense to avoid alienating your neighbours and possibly being taken to court.\nWhen you install CCTV cameras, make sure that:\n·         You are transparent to those around you when installing your CCTV system, by informing your neighbour(s) about your system;\n·         They are only monitoring your property;\n·         If they are overlooking the street, there is a sign informing people they are being monitored;\n·         They are not monitoring areas where people could reasonably expect privacy;\n·         The stored information is not used for any other purpose than protecting your property;\n·         If you record images, regularly delete the recordings and do not keep them for longer than is necessary for the protection of your property;\n·         If your system captures information of an incident, retain that information as it could be use by the police to aid an investigation.\n\nOctober 31, 2018\n\nMust a contract be in writing to be binding?\n\nElements of a contract\n·         A contract consists of an offer by the offeror (the seller or service provider) to the offeree (the buyer or client) to buy goods (movable or immovable) or services, for an agreed price or fee;\n·         A contract becomes binding when the offeree accepts the offer;\n·         Obviously, there must be agreement as to what is being offered;\n·         There must be an intention to contract freely and voluntarily. Any misrepresentation by either party will render a contract void. Anyone who is coerced or bullied into signing a contract will have a defence of duress.\n·         The person who wants to conclude a contract must also satisfy certain legal requirements:\no    He or she must have mental and contractual capacity. This means that the person must be sane and not under the influence of any drugs or alcohol which could affect his ability to fully appreciate what he is agreeing to;\no    He or she must be a major (18 years or older) unless his parents or guardian assist him;\nOral or written\nAs a rule, parties can do a deal with a handshake, or even orally.\nHowever, in South Africa, there are a few contracts that must be written to be enforceable:\n·         An agreement to sell immovable property (land, house or building);\n·         Suretyship agreements, credit agreements, antenuptial (marriage) contracts, leases over ten years, and contracts for executionary donations (to be made later);\n·     ��   Wills.\nSome contracts, both oral and in writing, may not be enforceable, e.g. if they are illegal, contra bonis mores (that means against public policy or norms) or impossible to perform.\nImportance of written contracts\nWhy is it important to reduce a contract to writing, even if you don’t have to, in law?\n·         It’s easier to prove the existence of a written contract;\n·         Written contracts provide individuals and businesses with a legal document stating the expectations of both parties;\n·         If a party breaches a term of the contract, the consequences of a breach and the remedies, are set out.\nContracts in business\n·         Written contracts are for your protection;\n·         A business contract states the terms and conditions of any business transaction, including product sales and delivery of services. This helps the parties involved avoid any type of misunderstanding that may arise, in the absence of a written contract;\n·         If you use written contracts, it is far less likely that you will end up in court - your clients will be much more inclined to work with you to find a solution and work things out.;\n·         If you have an oral agreement, you might forget some points that you have agreed on verbally, with the passage of time. But with a written agreement, all the terms and conditions are clear, and you can always amend the agreement with the consent of both the parties.\n·         Companies also can use non-compete agreements to limit the type of services offered by former employees who have specific knowledge about the company’s specialized business services.\nTermination of a contract\n·         Some agreements terminate automatically after a fixed term (such as a property lease) or event (fixed term employment contract),\n·         Parties to an agreement that carries on for an indeterminate period, can mutually end a contract if the business relationship has ended;\n·         An oral contract can be terminated, verbally;\n·         Parties should formally terminate a written contract, in writing.\n·         If a party is in breach of a written contract (e.g. the goods sold are defective or the services provided, are poor), the other party has the remedies set out the contract, or at law (such as the Consumer Protection Act);\n·         Some contracts require the one party to give the party in breach written notice to remedy the breach, before the first party can cancel.   \n·         Termination will not affect any liabilities for breach of contract that occurred before the contract is ended.\n\nOctober 28, 2018\n\nBoilerplate arbitration clauses\n\nDoes your arbitration clause cover what you want it to cover?\nIn the case of North East Finance (Pty) Ltd vs Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd 2013 (5) SA 1(SCA) the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) made it clear that where an agreement has been brought about under fraudulent circumstances, and is therefore invalid, a clause that requires parties to refer any dispute between them to arbitration is also invalid. However, it is in principle possible to draft an arbitration clause in such a way that it will remain enforceable even where the agreement it forms part of turns out to be invalid.\nNorth East Finance (North East) and Standard Bank (Bank) entered into a settlement agreement following disputes between them. An arbitration clause in the agreement stated that \"in the event of any dispute of whatsoever nature arising between the parties (including any question as to the enforceability of this contract…), such dispute will be referred to arbitration…\"\nThe Bank chose to walk away from the agreement after learning that North East had been defrauding it at the time the agreement was signed. North East then asked the Bank to attend pre-arbitration meetings, pursuant to the arbitration clause. The Bank refused, arguing that due to fraud, the arbitration clause was as invalid as the rest of the agreement. North East countered that since the arbitration clause specifically included the phrase \"including any question as to the enforceability of the contract\" it meant that the clause covered a dispute over allegations that the agreement was induced by fraud.\nThe SCA found that the agreement \"did not have to be cancelled or rescinded: it was void\". This meant that there was no question as to the agreement's enforceability and the arbitration clause therefore did not cover the dispute. Had the arbitration clause been drafted to provide that the scope of a dispute to be referred to arbitration included validity of the agreement and not merely enforceability, the outcome would have been different.\nWhen a court is called to interpret an agreement, so the judgment goes, the court must find out what the parties to the agreement intended the contract to mean. The court found it to be clear that the Bank did not expect that there might have been fraudulent conduct by North East and therefore when concluding the agreement the Bank did not intend that the validity of the agreement or questions of fraudulent misrepresentation could ever have been matters to be arbitrated.\nFinally, the SCA found that the agreement was probably induced by fraud with the result that the entire agreement, including the arbitration clause, was void. The Bank was therefore not obliged to submit the dispute surrounding the agreement's validity to arbitration.\nA further reminder to make sure that the boilerplate clauses in an agreement say what you want them to say.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9967193007469177}
+{"content": "Metal-Ligand Interactions in Stimuli Responsive Molecules\nKacey Hall, Ph.D. candidate\nKatherine Franz, advisor\nFriday, July 20, 2018 - 10:00am to 11:00am\nLocation: French Family Science Center 3232\nAvery, Meg\n\nThe ability to control changes in physical and chemical properties has allowed stimuli responsive molecules to be used in a variety of applications. Incorporating metals into stimuli responsive molecules introduces properties unique to metal complexes that allow for additional modes of control. Specifically, metals offer increased bonding geometries, lower dissociation energies, reversible chelation, and well-characterized catalytic properties that expand the chemical toolbox for the design of stimuli responsive molecules. Molecules can be designed to respond to a range of stimuli, including force and light. Towards utilizing force as a useful stimulus, this work describes efforts towards characterizing the behavior of force-responsive metallopolymers by SMFS. Additionally, work towards characterizing photo-physical and metal binding properties of light-responsive aroylhydrazone is explored. This work demonstrates the utility of incorporating metals into stimuli responsive molecules, and provides a framework for the design of future force- and light- responsive metal complexes.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7938488721847534}
+{"content": "Discover how a Dynamics 365 Business Central or NAV solution can handle your business' sales, planning, inventory, manufacturing and finances.\n\nUsing a fictional case study, we explain how a company can use either Dynamics NAV or Business Central (referred to as NAV/BC from here on in) for manufacturing. Using the process of producing a chair, we explain how the company interacts with NAV/BC and the business benefits of Microsoft Dynamics for manufacturing.\n\nCustom manufacturing processes\n\nNAV/BC can be used to support ‘made-to-order’ manufacturing as well as ‘stock’ manufacturing, or a combination of both. In this example, we a have omitted some of the typical warehouse procedures (such as picking) so as to focus on the manufacturing aspect, but NAV/BC can support these as well.\n\n\nIn this example, a chair manufacturer is looking to implement a new Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solution that will create business insight and efficiencies across the production cycle. Especially of interest are:\n\nUp-to-date inventory\n\nBy registering consumption correctly (using Bills-of-Materials for example), NAV/BC can keep track of the raw materials you consume when you produce products and continuously keep your inventory up to date. An up-to-date inventory can help you decide exactly when and what to buy as well as help you forecast delivery dates and avoid disappointing your customers.\n\nActual cost per product\n\nCapturing the actual production cost (reviewing material/labour/machining) each time you produce an item holds two main advantages. The obvious first one is profitability: you’ll be able to see this not only for the finished item but across your operations. You can then focus your sales activities on the most profitable part of your business.\n\nSecondly, this information can be used to shape sales practices. When you know exactly how much your different products cost to produce, you can develop a margin-based commission setup for your sales staff or resellers. This will allow you to incentivise and drive sales of the most profitable items.\n\n\nEvery employee should have definition around the tasks being asked of them. Having an unstable and highly varied customer demand is no excuse for not having a structured production setup. NAV/BC can give structure to the tasks staff are undertaking and the information they need to record. In return, management should ensure that they are given the easiest possible way to record this information.\n\nA proactive workforce\n\nBy requiring your workforce to register the time they spend against each stage of production has more benefits than simply allocating cost to your products. By having staff keep track of their own time and productivity will encourage them to be both more proactive and autonomous. You can even implement bonus structures to reward high performing individuals and teams.\n\n\nFor this example, the chair company produces chairs on demand. This means every chair production starts with a customer placing an order. The production of the chair starts with a piece of plywood being cut and bent into the shape of a chair seat. It is then painted and finally the four legs are attached to assemble the final product.\n\n\nNAV/BC in production\n\nThe process starts when the sales person receives an order from a customer to buy one chair to be delivered two weeks later. That sales person can the sales order in NAV/BC, but if the company is one that receives large numbers of order, NAV/BC can be integrated with website forms or marketing automation. Sales orders could populate automatically and are then checked and approved by the sales person, introducing additional efficiencies.\n\nA sales order will then be converted to a production order either by an operative or automatically. The production order sent to the workshop floor, where it can be printed, displayed as part of the production queue on screens, or shown within a custom production app created in Microsoft PowerApps.\n\nbenefits of Microsoft dynamics\n\nA worker then crafts a seat as per order, registers the time spent in the PowerApp solution (either on a tablet device, their phone or a PC) that’s linked to NAV/BC and marks the job complete, then takes the seat through to the Painting Hall.\n\nThe painter paints the seat, logs their time and completion within PowerApps and takes it through to assembly. Legs are added and that assembly staff member logs their time and completion. Once complete the chair is quality assessed and a final approval is given via PowerApps.\n\nThe chair is then wrapped, labelled with tracking details generated from NAV/BC and shipped. On arrival, an invoice is automatically emailed to the customer for payment.\n\n\nArguably the implementation of NAV/BC will help the business to meet all of its initial goals, as well as allowing for the below:\n\nSmarter ordering\n\nBy focusing on inventory, we can see when raw materials are consumed in NAV/BC. Calculations can be made about the amount of plywood available for seats, or the volume of paint used. New resource orders are then automatically placed based on the order queue. This can save the business money: the production schedule for the next month may only be for orange chairs, meaning it doesn’t need to order any new blue paint that then won’t get used.\n\nImproved time cost analysis\n\nCaptured business data can drive cost benefits. Machining the seat may require a more skilled (and therefore more expensive) staff member, and the cost of the machining equipment may be expensive. A minute spent machining a seat may therefore cost the business £1. In comparison, a painter may need much less training, and can use a paint gun that speeds the job up. This means that a minute spent here only costs £0.50 to the business. The company can assess where the time is being spent from the NAV/BC data and deploy additional resources or solutions to reduce the time in high-cost areas. It can also accurately assess that the price of the product reflect the cost of production.\n\nAdaptive costs/procedures\n\nShould the price of materials rise, the company can determine whether it needs to work out other efficiencies to compensate for this. Each seat may now only be given two coats of paint rather than three, reducing the raw materials used and generating a time benefit to the painter.\n\nAlternatively, the business may establish that it can accept a reduced per-item profit margin based on the rising costs. There may need to be additional sales to compensate, so time may need to be spent more on motivating sales team. Alternatively, the business may choose to raise the price of the item for future orders.\n\nWhatever the business choice, NAV/BC has given the business an advanced warning and thus the time to consider options.\n\nSmarter sales\n\nReviewing the business data generated from NAV/BC can establish where incentives can be introduced to drive more sales.\n\nIf a large order comes in for the same colour of chair, for example, the painter can spray multiple seats at the same time. This reduces the per-seat time that they log, saving the company money.\n\nThe company may establish that it can offer percentage discounts against orders of certain sizes. Part of this discount will be offered to the customer, but part might be channelled into sales in the form of larger commission for larger orders. This in turn drives more sales and orders, meaning more chairs being produced, creating further efficiencies.\n\nThis is only one simple example of a NAV/BC solution for production. If this example has you considering the benefits your business might derive, please get in touch and we’ll be happy to give you a further demonstration.\n\nContact us\n\nPreparing for Dynamics 365\nTry Dynamics 365 for free\n\n\n\nFree Dynamics 365 trial", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5705157518386841}
+{"content": "written on 30.04.2014\npt: Pharmaceutical Industry\n\nInterview: Luigi Antoniazzi, General Manager, Baxter Spain\n\nluigi-antoniazziBaxter Spain’s general manager, Luigi Antoniazzi, discusses the challenges that the affiliate has faced in light of recent changes in the market, and the strategies taken to adapt to an ever-changing ecosystem for the pharmaceutical industry in the country.\n\nYou became general manager of Baxter Spain & Portugal in 2011, at the same time that pharmaceutical expenditure started to contract in Spain. What steps did you take to ensure you could continue selling products and maintain sales growth?\n\nGiven the significant shift in the market, we needed to perform an in-depth analysis to find a strategy moving forward, especially since we quickly realized it was not going to be a temporary change. It was a shift that would dramatically change the dynamics in the pharmaceutical market in Spain, and most certainly would never return to the previous situation. As such, all pharmaceutical companies had to adapt to this newfound market reality.\n\nBaxter is strongly anchored in select therapeutic areas, such as haemophilia, chronic renal disease or nutrition, in which we specialize. Within those, the company has a clear leadership position and thus we try to communicate to prescribers, payers and policy makers at the regional and national level the value our therapy offering represents for patients and how it contributes to a more sustainable healthcare system. The conversation, especially with payers, must go beyond therapy costs; we must also look at the value an innovative company like Baxter can provide to patients’ quality of life and how it can help improve the efficiency of the healthcare system. I believe we have been able to do that in many cases. In spite of the significant cost-reduction measures, we contributed to maintaining reasonable access to the therapies we provide for patients.\n\nDoes Spain’s decentralization necessitate different strategies to target each autonomous community?\n\nThe decentralized nature of the Spanish market has its pros and cons. One advantage is the opportunity to be closer to the patients, which is useful to fulfil the ultimate objective of providing a better service to the population of each region. On the flipside, needless to say, having to deal with 17 regional authorities is quite a challenge. Each one has a unique set of healthcare policies or interpretation of how healthcare services should be provided to citizens. Consequently, we have invested in our market access organization and built stronger relationships with the regional authorities to demonstrate to them the value we can provide in each therapeutic area.\n\nWhat do you see as the main outcome of the recent protocol between Farmaindustria and the Ministry of Health?\n\nThe nearly 30 percent reductions in value of the market since 2010 have undoubtedly had a big impact on the industry.\n\nBut it goes beyond that, in that the government’s austerity measures have created great uncertainty in the market, which creates doubt for companies that are prepared to make long-term investments in the market.\n\nI do hope that an agreement with the government will create some stability and more predictability so that companies like Baxter can return to making long-term plans and be prepared to invest in an otherwise very attractive Spanish healthcare market.\n\nWhat more needs to be done to convince the government to invest in long-term innovation, rather than short-term solutions?\n\nIn healthcare, innovation is the key element to success. While there is room for generic competition, a company like Baxter can only survive if it is able to innovate. That is why the dialogue with the government must continue; we need to ensure that innovation is recognized and that these innovations are being adopted in the market. It creates benefits for patients and the society, and as such it should be in everyone’s interest ensuring a good access of future innovations.\n\nCould you tell us a little bit about your manufacturing sites in Spain?\n\nWe employ around 300 people at our fluid plant in Huesca where we produce non-PVC intravenous solutions. Not only does it serve the local market, but by exporting 80 percent of what it manufactures it is also an important economic driver in the region. We are proud that we can export Spanish technology and products to the rest of Europe. As Baxter, we would certainly be willing to consider investment opportunities in Spain moving forward, provided the right conditions are put in place.\n\nAs the Spanish market continues to flounder, has this facility had to step up its game in terms of using exports as a means of providing sales for this affiliate?\n\nOur plant in Sabiñánigo needs to be very competitive in terms of its manufacturing, technology and efficiency. That has been the focus of this plant, and thanks to the investments made over the years, Sabiñánigo is one of the most efficient and automated plants we have in Baxter’s European network.\n\nHow is Baxter’s portfolio represented in Spain?\n\nWe have a broad presence across all of Baxter’s therapeutic areas. We have a diversified portfolio, and have a strong presence especially in hemophilia, renal and the hospitals across Spain with our hospital care division.\n\nDoes Baxter’s presence in Spain today reflect the objectives that you set out when you first took over this affiliate?\n\nBaxter Spain is on the path to realize the strategy that was set out three years ago. This is a continuum. We set objectives and we revise them. We have strengthened our position in all key segments and therapeutic areas. We have made significant progress in our Renal Division with the acquisition of Gambro. This has allowed us to complete our product offering, which includes all types of renal replacement therapies, be that for patients treated at home or in the hospital. This is a good example of how we believe we can add value. In our Renal Division in Spain, we have a vertically integrated service offering. We can offer products for hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or acute dialysis, but also services related to the treatment of dialysis patients, given the fact that we also operate several dialysis clinics in Spain.\n\nHow do you maintain company morale in times of crisis?\n\nClearly, we have been impacted by the government’s cost reduction measures, but we did not have to go though huge restructuring or downsizings as a result of it. This does not mean we did not have to care for our employees. These are very difficult times for our teams and it is important to keep them not just motivated, but to build and unite the team around a single goal. We continue to communicate clearly on our vision and strategy and provide a healthy and friendly work environment. I am pleased that Baxter Spain’s efforts were recognized with the “Great Place to Work” award. We continued to invest in developing and training our team: last year alone we invested more than 10,000 hours in training. We continue to invest in developing the skills we need and in developing our talent, so that we are even better prepared to address the challenges ahead. Investing in people is an investment in our future and key to securing our long-term success.\n\nHow do you attract the best talent there is to offer in Spain?\n\nWe have a highly professional environment. We can offer many opportunities in a work ecosystem that is not only professionally challenging but also pleasant to work in. Baxter has created a culture based on caring for patients, caring for our employees and for the local societies we operate in, to which we contribute through our volunteer program.\n\nWhere will Baxter Spain be in the next few years?\n\nYou will see a company that has clearly evolved from where we are today. One of the great advantages and challenges we have at the same time is the strong product portfolio and a pipeline that will allow us to bring new, innovative products to the market. This will drive revenue growth and provide great professional development opportunities. Baxter will evolve and grow on the basis of its strengths as an organization and its innovative products. For the rest, we will continue to assess different options how to best drive innovation and deliver value to all our stakeholders.\n\n\nLatest Report", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9655311703681946}
+{"content": "Thick marine shales occur in the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation of Sanquan Town of the Nanchuan District, Chongqing Municipality, which is located on the southeast margin of the Sichuan Basin. However, few details of the characteristics of the Wufeng–Longmaxi shales in this area have been reported. In this study, a well approximately 100 m (∼328 ft) deep was drilled. A high-quality shale (total organic carbon [TOC] >2.0 wt. %, clay <40%) interval that was approximately 24 m (∼79 ft) thick with an average TOC value of 3.0 wt. % mainly occurs in the Ordovician Wufeng Formation (Katian and Hirnantian) and base of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation (Rhuddanian). Shales with higher TOC values commonly have a higher porosity and specific surface area. Tectonic movements may also have been very important factors that influenced the petrophysical properties of the shales. For example, a detachment layer that resulted from complex tectonic movements is extensive in the Wufeng Formation. The cracks and microcracks in the detachment layer can result in good pore connectivity. Consequently, the detachment layer can be an effective migration pathway. The Longmaxi–Wufeng shales of Sanquan Town are also compared with those of the famous Jiaoye 1 well in the Jiaoshiba shale gas field in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Although the shales in Sanquan Town have considerable shale gas generation potential, the shale gas resource potential in Sanquan Town is probably poor because the escape of shale gas may be accelerated by the detachment layer in destroyed anticlines and synclines.\n\nYou do not currently have access to this article.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9929991364479065}
+{"content": "The user of our brainwave entrainment programs, hereby referred to as programs, is designed soley as an aid to learning, relaxation, motivation, self improvement and experimentation. These programs are not intended as a replacement for psychological or medical treatment. No medical claims are intended to be expressed or implied.\n\nThose with the following conditions, whether knowingly or not, should not use these brainwave entrainment programs:\n\nEpilepsy, Pregnancy, Pacemakers, Seizures, Psychosis, Head Injury\n\nIf you are under the use or influence of drugs or medications, please consult your physician before using any brainwave entrainment programs.\n\n\n\nTo properly use a Binaural Beat audio program, you MUST use headphones or Ear Buds! Without headphones, you will not receive the benefits of the Binaural Beats. Most decent headphones or ear buds will do, they do not need to be expensive or fancy. The ones that came with your cellphone should work just fine. It will work best if you make sure the right earphone is on the right ear, and the left earphone is on the left ear, since the tones vary on each side, and may be side specific.\n\nDO NOT drive a car, operate heavy machinery, cook, supervise small children, or do anything else that requires your full attention, and may be potentially dangerous, while listening to a brainwave entrainment program. This is especially true for programs that go to a deep Theta or Delta level! So don’t do it! Play it smart and safe!\n\nSIT OR LAY DOWN, CLOSE YOUR EYES, AND RELAX IN A SAFE PLACE! Brainwave entrainment and self hypnosis will work best when you are relaxed, and have your eyes closed. So take a break!\n\nMany people want to know, how often should I use a program like this, and at what time of day? Just start with once a day, and first try it in the evening, after work, and after dinner, just to see what it is like. After you get a feel for it, use your discretion about timing, but it may be wise to reserve the Theta, and definitely the Delta level programs, for later in the evening. (For more information about Gamma, Beta, Alpha, Theta, and Delta, keep reading.)\n\nMany people find that using one of the Alpha programs first thing in the morning is a good way to start the day, as a morning meditation. Also, the programs that use Beta and Gamma brainwave entrainment (such as the study music programs) can be appropriate in the earlier part of the day. Please, do not over-do it with brainwave entrainment programs; just once or twice a day is fine. Also, you may notice that after a few months, the effects you once experienced are not as pronounced; this is normal, and actually desirable. It means you are finding the balance you were seeking, and may not need the program as much as before.\n\nWhat Are Binaural Beats?\n\nIf two different tones are played into each ear, the brain attempts to find a balance- for example, if the frequency of sound in your left ear is 420Hz, and the frequency you’re hearing in your right ear is 430Hz, your brain will process a binaural beat of about 10Hz. These beats are not actually heard, since they are well below the natural range of hearing, but you can often “hear” a sort of “humming” inside your head as the binaural beat.\n\nIt’s been discovered that these binaural beats can be used to elicit responses in the brain; the brain becomes “entrained”, which means it starts to resonate at the same frequency as the binaural beat. When this happens, it can change the brain wave patterns in your brain temporarily. This has been shown to have a huge effect- it’s been shown that binaural beats are highly effective at inducing meditative and hypnotic states. This is a great breakthrough for anyone wants to meditate, but didn’t have the time or teacher to learn how. This type of meditation can also more effective than usual meditation because of the binaural beats. Meditation can reduce your stress levels, the amount of sleep you need, and it can increase such things as intuition and creativity.\n\nBrain Wave States\n\nScientists have discovered that our brains operate in four levels of frequency- beta, alpha, theta and delta. Each level of frequency is measured in cycles per second, or hertz- hz.\n\n\nBeta has a frequency, between 13 and 40 cycles per second. This is associated with our normal, everyday waking state. Beta helps in logical thinking, analysis, and active attention. Stress can throw the frequency to the higher ranges of beta.\n\nAlpha operates between 8 and 13 cycles per second. This occurs during daydreaming, fantasizing and creative visualization. This is often associated with a deeply relaxed state, and with a light trance or meditation.\n\nTheta operates between 4 and 8 cycles per second. Theta is associated with intuition, and allows us to access our subconscious. It is activated during dream sleep and deep meditational states. Theta is also associated with creative thinking, and allows us to tap into our inner genius.\n\nDelta has the lowest frequency between 0.5 and 4 cycles per second. Delta is produced during deep sleep.\n\nMost of the subliminal and self hypnosis programs go to a low frequency of 7.83. This is known as the Shummann or Earth Resonance, and it is the frequency of the Earth’s magnetic field. It is also on the cusp between the Alpha and Theta brain wave states. I have found this to be a very beneficial frequency, leaving the listener feeling calm and centered. Most of the programs will ramp back up to a frequency of approximately 12 Hz, leaving the listener on the cusp between Alpha and Beta. Some programs differ, with binaural beats going to deeper, Delta brainwave states, and this will be noted in the descriptions.\n\nPlease note, some of our Delta, and our Sleep programs, do not ramp back up, but stay at a deep Delta brainwave level. Refer to the web page where you purchased the MP3 for more specific details on your particular program.\n\n\nThe AMBIENT, or ISOCHRONIC MP3s are optimized to be used Without Headphones. They use either Isochronic Tones, or Monoaural Beats.\n\nTo use this type of MP3, for optimal benefits, find a quiet place, free of distraction. Make sure you are comfortable, in a chair or lying down, close your eyes and listen to the sounds.\n\nSound therapy can be more potent than you may realize, as it actively engages the brain in ways you may not be used to; if you have had a recent head injury, or suffer from a serious mental disorder, such as pschizophrenia, proceed with caution. If you feel any discomfort or worsening of symptoms, discontinue use!\n\nBookmark and Share\n\nConnect instantly with a Professional Counselor\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5491669774055481}
+{"content": "Essay on The Tormented Soul of Emily Dickinson\n\nEssay on The Tormented Soul of Emily Dickinson\n\nLength: 1337 words (3.8 double-spaced pages)\n\nRating: Strong Essays\n\nOpen Document\n\nEssay Preview\n\nEmily Dickinson, the self-secluded poet from Amherst, is now considered one of the greatest American Poets. She, in breaking conventional grammar rules, created a new form of poetry, her own, to attain this title. Through the use of unconventional grammar styles Dickinson was able to create a poem, when read in the mind appears to be incomprehensible, but when read aloud is made clear to the reader. Dickinson also made use of common objects and emotions in her poems, which captivated the reader and allowed the reader to escape into a world created by her. Dickinson's use of common objects and emotions was due to her un-social and hostile background, which created a twisted soul inside of Dickinson that was represented in much of her poetry. The methods of Dickinson created a new form of poetry, raw and undiscovered, which made her poetry more significant and realistic than an average poem.\n\nThe unconventional breaking of the traditional grammar styles provided a new type of poem to the American audience. The presence of dashes throughout her poems requires active engagement from the reader. A reader cannot simply read the poem, a reader must think while reading the poem. The dashes create a diversion from the straightforwardness of normal poems. An example of Dickinson's use of dashes can be found in The Soul selects her own Society:\n\n        The Soul selects her own Society--\n\n        Then-- shuts the Door--\n\n        To her divine Majority--\n\n        Present no more-\n\nThe most eminent use of the dashes occurs in the second line, \"Then- shuts the Door-.\" Instead of, Then shuts the Door, there is a pause between then and shuts the door due to the dash. The sentence is split into two parts, the first part, Then; th...\n\n... middle of paper ...\n\n...t theme in her poems. In addition to the common emotions that were entangled with her life being present in her poetry, Dickinson made use of the common objects she found everyday in the house, due to her exposure to them. Dickinson found irony, ambiguity, and paradox lurking in the simplest household items and domestic duties. Dickinson's lack of exposure to the real world permitted her to take common experiences and items and transform them in her poems.\n\nThrough Dickinson's new, untouched form of poetry, a new style was exposed. Through the experiences of her life, she gave emotions a definition and portrayed her feelings about them in her poems. From her twisted soul emerged poetry. The difference in grammar, the presence of common emotions and themes, and Dickinson's background are the reasons why Dickinson has become one of the most famous American Poets.\n\nNeed Writing Help?\n\nGet feedback on grammar, clarity, concision and logic instantly.\n\nCheck your paper »\n\nEssay about Death Is The Thing With Feathers, By Emily Dickinson\n\n- Through countless deaths and years of self reclusion, Emily Dickinson’s poems reflected her experience with death and its progression in ones life. Not only did Dickinson’s work reflect ones experience with death, but four specific pieces of work written by her reveal four stages of death that manifest themselves in a dying person’s life. “Hope Is The Thing With Feathers,” “This Consciousness That is Aware,” “I Heard a Fly buzz - when I died,” and “Because I could not stop for Death,” are the four works by Dickinson that exist to piece together the stages of death a person experiences when they are close to the end....   [tags: Death, Soul, Life, Emily Dickinson]\n\nStrong Essays\n1448 words (4.1 pages)\n\nEmily Dickinson 's The Soul Essay\n\n- Born in Massachusetts during the early 19th century, Emily Dickinson came from a well-educated upper-middleclass family. Although her family was well known for being sociable and engaging in community activity, Dickinson is portrayed as an introvert. Although shy, Dickinson greatly expressed her feelings on paper and her writing style is extremely unique. After reading multiple pieces by Dickinson I began to notice a similar pattern. She never titled any of her poems so the first line of each poem is now thought to be a title, she liked to use dashes to break up major thoughts for a dramatic pause, she uses slant rhyme, personification, and alliteration throughout all of her poetry, and last...   [tags: Soul, Life, Poetry, Immortality]\n\nStrong Essays\n1436 words (4.1 pages)\n\nEssay on The Impact Of Emily Dickinson On Poetry\n\n- IMPACT OF EMILY DICKINSON ON POETRY Impact of Emily Dickinson on Poetry Minyue Dai Shenzhen Middle School . Emily Dickinson is an American poet, born in Amherst, Massachusetts. Her aristocratic family provided high-quality education and living standard for her, but in fact she lived an isolated life in most years. According to Bianchi, Martha Dickinson, 1970, Emily Dickinson was a prolific private poet, fewer than a dozen of her nearly 1,800 poems were published during her lifetime....   [tags: Mind, Poetry, Thought, Emily Dickinson]\n\nStrong Essays\n830 words (2.4 pages)\n\nAn Analysis of The Soul selects her own Society Essays\n\n- Emily Dickinson’s “The Soul Selects her Own Society” presents herself as absolute and her rights as unchallengeable. The poem puts forward the idea of “friendship or love” which means choosing a significant person and excluding other people. Dickinson reveals that she was shutting people from her life, but because it had been so long, they are no longer interested in taking part of her life. Dickinson’s actions imply that the ability to create and construct a world for oneself, such as choosing your own actions, provides an example of a god-like achievement....   [tags: emily dickinson, soul, love]\n\nStrong Essays\n872 words (2.5 pages)\n\nEmily Dickinson - Her Life and Poetry Essay\n\n- Emily Dickinson - Her Life and Poetry Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born December 10, 1830, into an influential family in Amherst, Massachusetts. Her father helped found Amherst College, where Emily later attended between 1840 and 1846. She never married and died in the house where she was born on May 15, 1886. Emily Dickinson’s reclusive life was arguably a result of her proposed bi-polar disorder. This life and disorder unduly influenced the themes of her poetry. She chose not to associate herself with society and volumes of her poems, published posthumously, examine this idea as well as the themes of nature and death....   [tags: Emily Dickinson Poetry]\n\nStrong Essays\n629 words (1.8 pages)\n\nEssay on Writing Techniques of Emily Dickinson\n\n- Emily Dickinson is one of the most interesting female poets of the nineteenth century. Every author has unique characteristics about him/her that make one poet different from another, but what cause Emily Dickinson to be so unique are not only the words she writes, but how she writes them. Her style of writing is in a category of its own. To understand how and why she writes the way she does, her background has to be brought into perspective. Every poet has inspiration, negative or positive, that contributes not only to the content of the writing itself, but the actual form of writing the author uses to express his/her personal talents....   [tags: Emily Dickinson]\n\nStrong Essays\n2099 words (6 pages)\n\nHope by Emily Dickinson Essay\n\n- Hope by Emily Dickinson As a literary woman of the nineteenth century, Emily Dickinson wrote, . ?Hope. is a things with feathers- that perches in the soul- and sings a tune without the words- and never stops- at all.. Are you listening. Does your soul too sing a melody, an ongoing tune to which you delicately move, and never stop. Here Dickinson suggests an aspect of life, a struggle for spiritual freedom, that applies to many women within the nineteenth century, as well as the women of today. My consciousness speaks to me; a spark of hope rests inside my soul, hoping to emerge into the sunlight of each new day....   [tags: Papers Emily Dickinson Hope Essays]\n\nStrong Essays\n2642 words (7.5 pages)\n\nEmily Dickinson's Works Essay\n\n- Emily Dickinson's Works There is a life in Emily Dickinson’s poems, readers have found. Although one may not completely understand her as a legend, a writer, or as a part of literature books, she is considered one of America’s greatest poets. While unknown answers may not be revealed about her, secrets may not be told, nor any new discoveries made, evidence from books and articles showing Emily Dickinson’s experiences and hardships exists. Critic Paul J. Ferlazzo describes her writings: “Many students and casual readers of her poetry have enjoyed hearing tales about her which remind them of storybook heroines locked in castles, of beautiful maidens cruelty relegated to a life of drudgery...   [tags: Emily Dickinson Poet Essays]\n\nStrong Essays\n2538 words (7.3 pages)\n\nEssay on An Analysis of Emily Dickinson's Poem #315\n\n- An Analysis of Emily Dickinson's Poem #315 I believe that this poem can be interpreted in many different ways. Who is to say that there can only be one explanation or meaning to Dickinson's #315. Since being introduced to this poem, I have heard many different interpretations either from others in my group or from reading about it in web sites or books. In this close reading, I will concentrate on the very first word of this text: He. I will explain who I think this person is and how \"He\" is responsible for the actions in this poem....   [tags: Emily Dickinson Poem 315 Essays]\n\nFree Essays\n836 words (2.4 pages)\n\nEssay about Emily Dickinson\n\n- Emily Dickinson Breaking news revealing the truth about Emily Dickinson’s life has recently been uncovered. For the past hundred-plus years literary historians believed Dickinson to be a plain and quiet type of person who did not communicate with the public for most of her life. Her romanticism poetry drew attention from fellow literary legends. After corresponding with the well-known Thomas Wentworth Higginson, who showed interest in her work but advised her not to publish it, she became defiant to publish any of her work....   [tags: Author Biography Emily Dickinson Essays]\n\nFree Essays\n1012 words (2.9 pages)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9995124936103821}
+{"content": "text, western script, indoors, communication, paper, book, close-up, education, handwriting, non-western script, no people, message, wall - building feature, still life, day, high angle view, detail, table, art and craft, open\n\nInterested in licensing this photo?\n\n\n✌ Yaşanmış baharları unut gitsin sevgili.. Benim yorgun gönlümde birtek senin aşkın var..", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8784383535385132}
+{"content": "Nov 072013\n\nRegimental VC`s ( World War Two )\n\n  (Regimental Airs (Please Play Me)\n\nThe Victoria Cross (VC) was awarded 628 times to 627 recipients for action in the First World War (1914–1918). The Victoria Cross is a military decoration awarded for valour “in the face of the enemy” to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other Orders, decorations and medals; it may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and to civilians under military command. The award was officially constituted when Queen Victoria issued a warrant under the Royal sign-manual on 29th January 1856 that was gazetted on 5th February 1856. The order was backdated to 1854 to recognise acts of valour during the Crimean War. The first awards ceremony was held on 26th June 1857, where Queen Victoria invested 62 of the 111 Crimean recipients in a ceremony in Hyde Park.\n\n\n\n\nCharles Upham received the Victoria Cross and Barr; two awards for two acts. Upham was only the third recipient of the Victoria Cross and Bar, and the first for combatant actions; the previous two recipients were medical officers of the Royal Army Medical Corps.\n\nRegimental VC`s (World War Two)\n\nJohn Beeley VC (8th February 1918 – 21st November 1941) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.\n\nBeeley was 23 years old, and a rifleman in the 1st Battalion The King`s Royal Rifle Corps of the British army during Operation Crusader in the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.\n\nOn 21st November 1941 at Sidi Rezegh, Libya, at an airfield being attacked by Rifleman Beeley’s company, progress was held up by short range fire. All the officers of the company were wounded so, on his own initiative the rifleman ran forward over open ground, firing his Bren gun and at 20 yards range put an anti-tank gun and two machine-guns out of action. He was killed but his bravery inspired his comrades to further efforts to reach their objective, which was eventually captured, together with 100 prisoners.\n\nHe is buried in the Knightsbridge War Cemetery, Acroma, Libya.\n\nHis Victoria Cross is displayed at the RGJ / Rifles museum at the former Peninsula Barracks.\n\nA street in Openshaw, Manchester, has been named John Beeley Avenue in his honour\n\nLieutenant-Colonel Victor Buller Turner VC,CVO (17th January 1900 – 7th August 1972) was an English recipient during the Second World War of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. His older brother Alexander had previously been awarded a posthumous VC during the First World War.\n\nVictor was born in Reading in Berkshire, the son of Major Charles Turner of the Royal Berkshire Regiment and his second wife, Jane Elizabeth, only daughter of Admiral Sir Alexandra Buller. He was the younger brother of Second Lieutenant  Alexandra Buller Turner VC and had a family connection with General Sir Redvers Buller VC.\n\nHe was educated at Wellington Collage and the Royal Military Collage Sandhurst before commissioning as Second Lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade in 1918. He served in the campaign in Iraq in 1919–20, was promoted Major in 1938 and Lieutenant-Colonel in 1942 while serving in the Middle-East before the act in which he won the VC.\n\nHe lived at Thatcham House before moving to Suffolk after the war and retired from the army in 1949.\n\nIn 1950 was appointed to the Royal Household receiving a position in the ceremonia King`s Bodyguard of the Guard of the yeoman of the Guard and rose to be “Clerk of the Cheque and Adjutant” of the Guard in 1955. He was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 1966 in connection with his services to the Royal Household and was promoted to Lieutenant of the Queen’s Bodyguard in 1967.\n\nHe was 42 years old, and a temporary lieutenant colonel in The Rifle Brigade of trhe British Army during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.\n\nOn 27th October 1942, at El Aqqaqir (Kidney feature), Western Desert, Eygpt, during the Second Battle of El Alamein, Lieutenant Colonel Turner was commanding a battalion of the Rifle Brigade. After overcoming a German position, the battalion fought off desperate counter-attacks by 90 tanks, destroying or immobilising more than 50 of them. During the action, one of the 6-pounder guns was left with only one officer and a sergeant, so Colonel Turner joined them as loader, and between them they destroyed another five tanks. Not until the last tank had been repulsed did he consent to having a wound in his head attended to.\n\nThe citation for his award was published in the London Gazette on 20 November 1942 and reads as follows:\n\nMajor (temporary Lieutenant-Colonel) Victor Buller Turner (17630), The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort’s Own) (Thatcham, Berks).\nFor most conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty on the 27th October, 1942, in the Western Desert.\nLieutenant-Colonel Turner led a Battalion of the Rifle Brigade at night for 4,000 yards through difficult country to their objective, where 40 German prisoners were captured. He then organised the captured position for all-round defence; in this position he and his Battalion were continuously attacked from 5.30 a.m. to 7 p.m., unsupported and so isolated that replenishment of ammunition was impossible owing to the concentration and accuracy of the enemy fire.\nDuring this time the Battalion was attacked by not less than 90 German tanks which advanced in successive waves. All of these were repulsed with a loss to the enemy of 35 tanks which were in flames, and not less than 20 more which had been immobilised.\nThroughout the action Lieutenant-Colonel Turner never ceased to go to each part of the front as it was threatened. Wherever the fire was heaviest, there he was to be found. In one case, finding a solitary six-pounder gun in action (the others being casualties) and manned only by another officer and a Sergeant, he acted as loader and with these two destroyed 5 enemy tanks. While doing this he was wounded in the head, but he refused all aid until the last tank was destroyed.\nHis personal gallantry and complete disregard of danger as he moved about encouraging his Battalion to resist to the last, resulted in the infliction of a severe defeat on the enemy tanks. He set an example of leadership and bravery which inspired his whole Battalion and which will remain an inspiration to the Brigade.\n\n\nSourced from Wikipedia\n\noriginal source from", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7598580121994019}
+{"content": "professional design associates   3627 west fork rd.    cincinnati, oh  45247   p. 513.661.2565\n\nProfessional Design Associates offers our clients a unique opportunity: an architecture office that can truly cater to their needs. In operation since 1979, our professionals have decades of experience in multiple trades, offering one-stop design service for all architectural projects, including civil, structural, plumbing, mechanical, and electrical design.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.942326545715332}
+{"content": "Meet the Referential Team: Andreas Silva\n\nAndreasAndreas Silva takes a lot of pride in what he and the rest of the Referential team do. As an employee of three years, he’s extremely dedicated to his work. Andreas insists no other company can do what Referential does. He explained the level of detail that goes into each task, and how the team goes through a lot to provide powerful content and input for each client.   As an individual he offers a wide range of skills; he’s fluent in Spanish, possesses a strategic mindset, is highly efficient, and delivers incredible work stamina. As cliché as it sounds, Andreas describes himself as being the kind of person that doesn’t shy away from challenges and it’s been proven to be true on many occasions. He’s known to be one of the first to step up and help with any given task. He has an incredibly active mind that’s constantly looking for where both he and the company can grow and expand in any way.\n\nDespite his strong focus on work, he doesn’t neglect to recognize the family-oriented culture that he shares with his co-workers. Andreas recalled a number of amusing memories such as room escapes, happy hours, and other various out-of-office moments. He especially treasures the time last year spent traveling to Belgium and Singapore for video shoots. He loves getting to work with people from different countries and cultures.\n\nThere’s a certain relaxed and laid-back culture unique to Referential, which Andreas loves, that serves as the foundation for the office’s overall atmosphere, even with the tremendous amounts of work that’s being accomplished. The environment makes for an enjoyable and easy place to work.  \n\nAndreas makes sure that clients’ needs are met and does everything that’s needed of him. In return, he’s exposed to a wide variety of companies and industries that give him a better understanding of the business world. He made a point that the constant learning is one of his favorite things about working at Referential – other than the breakfast burritos from the restaurant next door! He always tries to give as much, if not more, as he receives.\n\nHe wants future and current clients to know that he may come off as quiet and laid back but when it comes to work he’s passionate, persistent and takes it very seriously.\n\nWhen he’s not in the office, Andreas can be found coaching soccer, at the beach, hiking, wine tasting, or just simply relaxing. Alongside his hard work, the Referential team appreciates his good sense of humor and stellar poker face!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9756995439529419}
+{"content": "Harry Jardine is a gleeful OberonTristram Kenton\n\nA Midsummer Night’s Dream sits at the top of the table as the most performed Shakespeare play in modern theatre, so the task of retelling the tale in a way that has never been done before is certainly no mean feat. Filter has created A Midsummer Night’s Dream unlike any other, blending the original script with contemporary references, mixing live music with audio effects, breaking down barriers between the stage and auditorium (quite literally at times), and overall making this production a rebellious triumph.\n\nThe production manages to squirt every last drop of cream from the comic canister\n\nWe all know the basic story: young lovers flee to the forest, faeries “Puck up” spells, chaos and confusion ensues, and ultimately the promise that “all shall be well” is fulfilled. One might be surprised then by the way that this production inverts the typical arrangement of the lovers’ story taking precedence over that of the Mechanicals and faeries. By de-centring the plot, Filter’s production draws more attention to the play’s meta-theatrical elements and turns the spotlight onto some of Shakespeare’s finest comic creations. \n\nThe largely underrated character of Peter Quince is a prime example of a role which this production elevates and celebrates. Played excellently by Cambridge alumnus George Fouracres, Quince opens the show with an endearing nervous energy and sets off the laughter which continues almost incessantly for the following two hours. The rest of the Mechanicals are equally hilarious, and by giving them the time and freedom to develop their characters, the production manages to squirt every last drop of cream from the comic canister.\n\nAnother successful twist on convention comes from Sean Holmes’ direction of the troublesome duo, Oberon and Puck. Rather than Oberon being a domineering figure of authority, the costume design presents his character as a wannabe superhero; he bounces about the stage dressed in a bright blue bodysuit with a white “O” across the chest, complete with a silver cape and Jeremy Scott Wings. Harry Jardine is gleeful in the role, injecting his performance with childish fancy as he flies across the stage on a wheely chair, supplying his own “whoosh” sound effects. Kayla Meikle similarly triumphs as Puck; instead of panicking upon realising that the spell has gone wrong, her character relishes the chaos, and Meikle’s infectious laugh invites the audience to applaud the confusion with her.\n\nIt is a joy to watch the company have an absolute blast together on stage\n\nWhile the tiled bathroom area and numerous taps which made up most of the set seemed redundant, the simple backdrop allowed the cast to showcase their talent and provided a blank canvas on which the chaos could be splattered. The world was also largely created through live music and visual-audio effects, often created by characters on stage, which contributed to the overt theatricality of the play.\n\nIt is not surprising to hear that the rehearsal room followed the mantra of “playful irreverence”; from food fights to verbal spars, the mayhem on stage is unstoppable. It is a joy to watch the company have an absolute blast together on stage, and particularly for anyone involved in Cambridge theatre, the production is an encouraging demonstration of how much fun working in this daunting industry can be, and that wacky and experimental productions can be successful and widely appreciated.\n\n\nMountain View\n\nDido, Queen of Carthage preview\n\nThe production could be criticised for marginalising the problems in the play, such as the mistreatment of women and the magic-induced relationship between Demetrius and Helena. However, it would seem unfitting or even inappropriate for the company to attempt to tackle these issues in a production which is so consciously silly. The show demonstrates exactly why plays are called ‘plays’, and feels more like a much needed exam term regression session than a piece of theatre. By encouraging the audience to follow the lovers and Mechanicals in escaping real world responsibilities and immerse themselves in play, Filter create a weird, wild, and wonderful dream which you will not want to wake up from.\n\nA Midsummer Night’s Dream is on at the Cambridge Arts Theatre until 9 June", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8129928112030029}
+{"content": "NIST Final WTC7 Conclusion is an Absolute Impossibility!\n\nThe conclusion of NIST's 10,000 page report which took seven years to produce claims fires, coupled with \"thermal expansion\" and unusual truss design caused core column 79 to fail, leading to a complete \"progressive collapse\".\n\nThe absolute impossibility mentioned above is evident in their computer simulation of the physical copllapse as initiated by core column 79. In reviewing the individual screen shots, and when seen in the non-NIST animation of their screen shots , it becomes apparent that the collapse they postulate is totally different from all videos of the actual collapse.\n\nIn their simulation, the East side of WTC7, where column 79 was located, fell completely down taking over 25% of the building to the ground, while the balance of the building was as yet unaffected.\nVisit to view the flash based animation of the NIST collapse theory.\n\nIn reality, every video of this collapse (seen from the West, North and East) showed the building maintaining total integrity of the complete roof line and all four sides as well. It collapsed in a synchronous manner, as if it had been constructed on a massive elevator and someone had pressed the \"down\" button.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.997109055519104}
+{"content": "Population projections\n\nHomeProducts by operationPopulation projections\nDescripción de la operación\nDescripción de la operación\n\nThe Demographic Projections (PD) are estimations of the short- and medium-term future population, based on knowledge of demographic phenomena and using the demographic indicators of deaths, fertility and migrations. The population figures by age and sex are projected under various hypotheses called perspectives, for the Basque Country as a whole and for each of its provinces.\n\n\nYour feedback.  Help us to make our web better\n\nHow would you rate the information on the site?\nVery useful\nBarely useful\nNot useful at all\nWould you like to make a suggestion?\nYes, I would", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9328351616859436}
+{"content": "Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) -- by Lynn Grimsley & Liz McKinney\n\n      Progressive retinal atrophy, or PRA as it is frequently termed, is a long recognized, hereditary, blinding disorder. The first modern description of this problem was in Gordon Setters in Europe, in the early years of the twentieth century, but since then PRA has been recognized in most purebred dogs. PRA is a disease of the retina. This tissue, located inside the back of the eye, contains specialized cells called photoreceptors that absorb the light focused on them by the eye's lens, and converts that light, through a series of chemical reactions into electrical nerve signals. The nerve signals from the retina are passed by the optic nerve to the brain where they are perceived as vision. The retinal photoreceptors are specialized into rods, for vision in dimlight (night vision), and cones for vision in bright light (day and color vision). PRA usually affects the rods initially, and then cones in later stages of the disease. In human families the diseases equivalent to PRA (in dogs) are termed retinitis pigmentosa.\n\n\n      The big difference in PRA among breeds is in the age of onset and the rate of progression of the disease. Certain breeds, noteably including the Collie, the Irish Setter, the Norwegian Elkhound and the Miniature Schnauzer, have early onset forms. In these breeds the disease results from abnormal or arrested development of the photoreceptors -- the visual cells in their retina, and affects pups very early in life. In other breeds, including the Miniature Poodle, the English and American Cocker Spaniel, and the Labrador Retriever, PRA is much later in onset. Affected dogs in these breeds appear normal when young, but develop PRA as adults.\n\n      Diagnosis of PRA is normally made by ophthalmoscopic examination. This is undertaken using an instrument called an indirect ophthalmoscope, and requires dilatation of the dog's pupil by application of eyedrops. Broadly speaking all forms of PRA have the same sequence of ophthalmoscopic changes: increased reflectivity (shininess) of the fundus (the inside of the back of the eye, overlain by the retina); reduction in the diameter and branching pattern of the retina's blood vessels; and shrinking of the optic nerve head (the nerve connecting the retina to the brain). These changes occurr in all forms of PRA, but at different times in the different breed-specific forms. Usually by the time the affected dog has these changes there is already significant evidence of loss of vision.\n\n      Confirmation of the diagnosis can be undertaken by electroretinography. This is an electrical measurement of retinal function somewhat similar to an electrocardiographic test of heart function, but with two differences: the electroretinogram (ERG) can only be recorded as a response to a flash of light (ie: it is not a free running signal like the EKG); and accurate recording of the ERG requires that the dog be anesthetized. In all dogs showing clinical evidence of PRA, the ERG is severely diminished or extinguished.\n\n      The ERG can also be used for early diagnosis of specific forms of PRA, that is to detect PRA-affected dogs before they demonstrate clinical evidence of disease. This requires very carefully controlled ERG recording conditions, and a well defined understanding of the age of onset and rate of change of ERG dysfunction in the specific form of PRA under consideration.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.793795108795166}
+{"content": "Harmony Through Education\n\nHybrid DSP are pleased to be able to support Harmony Through Education – a charity that teaches special needs children in the third world. This education enables the children to rise above the confines of their isolation, develop self-esteem and employable skills, and become a source of pride for their families and communities\n\nIn developing countries, children with mental or physical challenges and disabilities are frequently neglected by society. They have no educational opportunities and many are ostracized by their family and community.  They are often seen as a burden, dependent on their families. Many experience abuse, both emotional and physical, due to the lack of understanding by their parents about their needs and potential.\n\nThe work of Harmony turns this around and moves the children from “burdens” to achievers. Harmony provides children and young adults with the education and life skills necessary to improve their lives and contribute to the well being of their communities.\n\nHarmony Through Education implements this mission by creating projects and schools to educate students and their families.  Local involvement and leadership fosters the growth of each child, supports their families, and builds community harmony.\n\nIf you are using CUDAfy and found it useful please consider making a donation.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999964237213135}
+{"content": "By Kelvin\n\nHelping a friend in need\n\n‭‭Ephesians‬ ‭4:32‬ ‭NIV‬\n\nWhat is forgiveness?\nBible view: Release of sinners from God’s penalty\nThere is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus\nNo one deserves to be forgiven\nA deliberate act of love, mercy & grace\nA decision not to hold against another person\n\nWhy do we forgive?\nBecause God forgave us (Romans 5:8)\n\nWhat does God say about forgiveness\n1. Because we have been forgiven by God (Ephesians 4:32)\n2. In obedience to God (Matthew 6:13-14)\n3. So we won’t become bitter & define those around us (Hebrews 12:14-15)\n\nForgiveness is an integral part of salvation\n“It’s your blood that cleanses me”\n\n‭‭Psalm‬ ‭103:12‬ ‭NIV‬‬\n\nWhy do we need forgiveness?\n‭‭1 John‬ ‭1:9‬ ‭NIV‬‬\n\nNeed to continually ask God for forgiveness\n\nWhat does it mean to forgive others?\nBearing with one another (Collosians 3:13)\nThere is no limit to the time we should forgive others\nHolding a grudge demonstrates resentment & anger\nWhen we come to Him, He freely grants forgiveness\n\nWhat does the Bible say about forgiving yourself?\nChrist releases us from the bondage of sin\nBut we may choose to wallow in it (not moving beyond their past) – even Christians!\nA need to break this cycle\nUnforgiving will bring self-destruction\nChristian forgiveness will bring one peace\n\nAn unforgiving attitude does not mean it nullifies a believers salvation\nIn the eternal scope of things, Christ forgives all our sins\nBut an attitude of not forgiving self & others robs a Christian of his or her joy & usefulness serving in church", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7960253357887268}
+{"content": "Mamzelle Dupont is a lively French mistress who is plump and has beady eyes. The french mistress is quite vunerable and has many jokes played on her by Alicia Johns and Betty Hill of Darrell Rivers form, June Johns (Alicia's cousin) and Freddie Holmes of Felicity Rivers form and Daffy Hope (Sally Hope's sister) of the First Form when Felicity is in the Sixth Form. Thankfully, Mamzelle Dupont has a good sense of humour and usually forgives the girls for their tricks. However, when Mamzelle has a difficult class or day she can have a short temper and can get quite angry with the girls sometimes resulting with harsher punishments than needed. Mamzelle plays her own \"treek\" where she wears fake teeth.\n\nMamzelle's relationship with the other French mistress Mamzelle Rougier much to the delight of the mistresses and teachers alike. Sometimes the two are best friends, rivals or bitter enemies. Mamzelle Rougier and Mamzelle Dupont had a big fight when Darrell was in the second form over Belinda Morris' portryal of the two fighting over the lead characters in the French plays.\n\nMiss Potts the fiery head of North Tower shares an office with Mamzelle Dupont and is brought to despair with Mamzelle's queer ways.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7860443592071533}
+{"content": "Voices 16 people\n\nThe characters behind the voices\n\nVoices 16 tells the story of a momentous year in the history of Ireland through the eyes of those who experienced it.\n\nFirst hand accounts let us know what everyday life was like across the country, as well as on the front lines of both the Rising and the Somme.\n\nDiscover more about some of the people whose experiences provide the voices of Ireland in 1916 with the character biographies below.\n\nUncover incredible stories from the Catholic priest in the trenches at Thiepval to the Bangor woman at James Connolly's side in the GPO, from the Newry man who got on his bike to reach the Rising to the sniper at the Somme.\n\nThese pages reflect what happened to each character in 1916 as the centenary year unfolds.\n\nThese pages are based on personal testimonies and contemporaneous accounts. They reflect how people saw things at that time and are not meant to be a definitive history of the period.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7940466403961182}
+{"content": "Steve Coleman: Stories along the Path\n\nTroy Collins\n\nSteve Coleman                                                                                                  ©2013 Patrícia Magalhães\n\nAlto saxophonist Steve Coleman has been at the forefront of advances in jazz composition and improvisation for three decades. As the principle founder of the M-Base movement, Coleman’s aesthetic purview encapsulates a multitude of traditions with deep roots in the African Diaspora. His intricate fusion of syncopated rhythms and polyphonic harmonies has provided a vibrant, forward-thinking alternative to staid conventions, inspiring contemporaries like Geri Allen, Greg Osby and Cassandra Wilson, as well as younger artists including Vijay Iyer, Steve Lehman and Rudresh Mahanthappa.\n\nFunctional Arrhythmias is Coleman’s third release for Pi Recordings since 2010, signifying a welcomed return to a domestic label; Coleman’s earlier output around the turn of the millennium was issued by the French imprint Label Bleu, but those efforts were not nearly as well received or widely available as his Novus/RCA albums of the 1990s. Harvesting Semblances and Affinities (Pi, 2010) and The Mancy of Sound (Pi, 2011) reestablished Coleman’s influence on an entire generation of jazz musicians, which has been eloquently stated by Iyer: “It’s hard to overstate Steve’s influence. He’s affected more than one generation, as much as anyone since John Coltrane.”\n\nColeman’s current studio recording with his flagship ensemble, Five Elements, departs from the massed sonorities, multi-layered horns and multiple percussionists of the previous Pi sessions in favor of a pared-down, economical approach. Coleman reenlisted two veterans for this date: electric bassist Anthony Tidd and drummer Sean Rickman, who first played with the leader over 15 years ago. Coleman shares the frontline with acclaimed trumpeter Jonathan Finlayson, a Five Elements member since 2000, while guitarist Miles Okazaki appears on a third of the cuts.\n\nThe album title, Functional Arrhythmias, refers to the irregular rhythms occasionally found in otherwise healthy human heartbeats. Coleman’s abiding interest in time-related themes and patterns found in nature continues to manifest in fascinating ways, using the rhythmic interactions between the body’s biological systems (circulatory, nervous, respiratory, etc.) as the metaphorical basis for his highly distinctive musical language.\n\nBolstered by Tidd and Rickman’s sinewy but nimble latticework of shifting tempos and modulating time signatures, Coleman and Finlayson spin oblique polyphonic melodies into intricate contrapuntal harmonies, yielding tautly coordinated frameworks for exploration. From the spacious balladry of “Chemical Intuition” and “Respiratory Flow” to the manic drive of “Cardiovascular” and “Snap-Sis,” Coleman and company collectively imbue these labyrinthine compositions with a fervency that belies the work’s innate complexity.\n\nColeman has said of his latest endeavor: “All of the activities of the human body are connected in a miraculous fashion, like a giant musical composition that is constantly and spontaneously changing based on interactions with its environment.” Intrigued by the depths of his concept, I interviewed Coleman about the state of his art in the spring of 2013.\n\n\nTroy Collins: You’ve previously disavowed “jazz” as an insufficiently limited term to describe your music. As a respected artist commonly associated with being responsible for significant advancements to the jazz continuum, can you elaborate on your reluctance towards embracing the term?\n\nSteve Coleman: It’s simple, the term has almost no meaning, or a very different meaning for different people. This is a term that is much too broad to mean anything. Today, almost anything that involves some sort of improvisation (and many things that don’t) is called “jazz.”\n\nIn general, I don’t think in stylistic categories. Music would not exist if not for the people who create it. The music that they create comes from who they are, who their parents were, where they were born, their culture, musical training and musical experience. So I prefer to look closely at the people who create the music. It is much more useful for me to think about the music of Duke Ellington, the music of Louis Armstrong, of Charlie Parker, of John Coltrane, etc., than it is for me to think about the word jazz, which could be anything.\n\nTC: Journalists have made attempts to draw parallels between your music and that of the “other Coleman” in the past, if only out of alliterative laziness. The stripped-down quartet format that dominates Functional Arrhythmias does seem to bear some aesthetic similarities to Ornette’s work, however. Do you have any affinity for his work to the degree that it has any influence on your own?\n\nSC: As you say, these parallels are made out of laziness, as well as a tendency for journalists to copy what others have written, without doing original research on their own. My music has very little influence from the music of Ornette Coleman. We share the same family name (we are not directly related) and main musical instrument. So it’s convenient for writers to make that connection. Anyone who knows me can hear that there is little connection beyond the culture and shared history. Or those who can actually hear the musical content should be able to hear the difference. The biggest difference is in the forms, but I will not get into a theoretical discussion. I know what has influenced me, so it’s enough to say that Ornette’s music has had little influence on me. However, I respect Ornette tremendously. There are many musicians whose music I love who have not had a great influence on my own music. I respect Ornette for his creative stance, his life-long dedication to the creative path, his courage, his trail-blazing spirit and so many other things that I consider very important.\n\nFunctional Arrhythmias has a very different sound from Ornette’s music, with the exception of the instrumentation. I could see how a journalist could possibly draw parallels for a casual hearing of the compositions “Limbic Cry” and “Chemical Intuition,” but a more careful listening would reveal many differences. The main differences are in the forms of the compositions and more specifically, the forms of the improvisation.\n\nMy music is more directly out of the Charlie Parker-Von Freeman-John Coltrane continuum, although not in an emulative manner. The Music of Henry Threadgill is more directly out of the Ornette continuum, but again is not at all emulative of Ornette. It’s just a matter of aesthetics and approaches. I love Threadgill’s music, and some aspects of Henry’s music have influenced me. But, to my mind, it is the aspects of Henry’s music that come more from Henry himself, than from the Ornette lineage.\n\nI will agree that this is a complex subject, because I believe that all people who are living at a given time are in someway related through the energy of that particular era, so there is no doubt that I share this with Threadgill, Ornette, Von Freeman, Sonny Rollins, etc. But I also know very well which music I am influenced by, because – well, I was there when I was influenced by it!\n\nTC: Functional Arrhythmias is your third release on Pi Recordings, following Harvesting Semblances and Affinities and The Mancy of Sound, both of which were recorded between 2007 and 2008. Those sessions featured large groups with a vocalist (Jen Shyu) and dense rhythm sections (including bassist Thomas Morgan, drummers Tyshawn Sorey and Marcus Gilmore, and percussionist Ramon Garcia Perez), which is very different from this spare lineup, whose rhythm section consists solely of electric bassist Anthony Tidd and drummer Sean Rickman, veterans of your earlier projects. Can you explain the reason behind this change in personnel?\n\nSC: I am always using compositional approaches (both spontaneous and preconceived) and musicians based on what I am trying to say through the music, i.e., based on the story that I’m trying to tell. This story demanded that I use a certain type of musician, and Sean and Anthony worked well for that purpose. When I did Harvesting and Mancy, that larger ensemble was best for those ideas, because of the number of voices (i.e., instruments) needed and the different abilities of the musicians.\n\nI have worked in every situation from solo, to duo, trio, quartet, quintet ... all the way to very large ensembles. I’m playing the Newport Jazz Festival this year with three different configurations, sax-piano duo, Five Elements (quartet format) and saxophone with a 10-12 piece ensemble mostly composed of members of the Talea Ensemble. I’ve also presented compositions for saxophone and orchestra, where the only musician with the ability to spontaneously compose was myself. So I’ve done things with all sorts of ensemble sizes and instrumentation.\n\nTC: Guitarist Miles Okazaki contributes some interesting tone colors and textures to the date (especially on “Cardiovascular” and “Adrenal, Got Ghost”), yet he only appears on five of the album’s 14 tracks. Was this a conscious effort on your part to vary the instrumental dynamic or more of a scheduling issue?\n\nSC: Originally Miles was not even going to be on the recording. Including guitar on some tracks was a last minute addition. I’ve worked with Miles before, so it was not really a big deal. There is only one track where the guitar was essential for the sound, and that is “Lymph Swag (Dance of the Leukocytes).”\n\nTC: Much of your recent work is based on patterns found in nature, such as lunar phases or shifting cloud movements, yet Functional Arrhythmias is specifically inspired by various rhythms generated inside the human body. While transposing these internal rhythms into music, did you find many similarities between biological rhythms and more abstract, elemental forces?\n\nSC: Functional Arrhythmias is still following the Nature theme, as humans are as much from Nature as the Moon, clouds, etc. I don’t think of the non-human Nature forces as being more abstract or elemental than humans, I think of all these as coming from the same source. In other words, in some way, I feel that all of Nature is living. One of the connections for me is movement. As far as I can tell, all things move.\n\nThe one advantage of working on concepts dealing with the human body is the fact that I am human, so I can look inside of myself for many of the answers I seek. I do this all the time anyway, but when I am the actual subject, I look at myself from a slightly different perspective.\n\nIn short, Functional Arrhythmias is, as every other effort is, a direct extension of what I was working on before. It’s like my entire musical life is one big path or project, and the concerts and recordings that people hear are just snapshots along that path.\n\nTC: You thank Milford Graves in the liner notes as an inspiration behind the album’s underlying concept. Can you elaborate on what you learned from Mr. Graves and how you have adapted those lessons to your own music?\n\nSC: This is a difficult question to answer. I did my best synopsis in the notes for the CD. Milford is deeply involved in research dealing with many things, chief among them is the relationship between music and the human body.\n\nHowever, again I want to stress that I did not copy or adopt Milford’s methods, and he may not even approve of what I did on Functional Arrhythmias (he’s made no comment about it so far). I’m cool with this. Of the musicians that I have known directly, Milford Graves remains a transformative figure in my life, along with Von Freeman, Thad Jones, Sam Rivers and Doug Hammond, but I am not trying to emulate any of these people. I would love their approval of what I create, but it’s not absolutely essential for me to continue doing whatever I’m doing.\n\nI was probably heading in this direction anyway, which is the reason why I reached out to Milford in the first place (I had been trying to contact Milford for some time), but there is no substitute for the details that Milford provided, and continues to provide. I am learning a great deal from him, but it is way too much to talk about in an interview. Some of it is very technical information, some of it is inspirational, and in the end these all come together. But I can only put these ideas together in my own way, and my approach is very different than what Milford would do. It’s very difficult for me to describe an entire approach in words, but the best way I can briefly say it is that I look for moving sonic shapes that represent in symbolic form the principles that I am trying to reveal in the musical story. Milford’s influence was on the subject of the specific story that I was trying to tell, and in an elemental way he influenced the shapes and the way they moved, although I had already done things related to these shapes, but not so much the subject of the story. The main subject is the brain-heart connection, and how they work together with the other systems of the body.\n\nTC: Despite the smaller lineup, the new album continues to convey a mesmerizing combination of hypnotic cross-rhythms and polyphonic counterpoint. What changes in your writing and directing a band when the size of the group can vary so dramatically?\n\nSC: This CD was entirely spontaneously composed. Although I have used this method many times before, I am leaning more decidedly in this direction in recent years. The writing is mostly a transcription process, transcribing the spontaneously composed melodies (by melodies I mean rhythms, melodies, harmonies, etc.), and I always visualize the instrumentation when I am doing the composing and the arranging (or orchestration). There is not a lot that changes based on the size of the group, except that there is less repetition of parts with a smaller group.\n\nTC: What are your thoughts on studio recording versus live performance and does that affect your playing in either situation?\n\nSC: I try as much as possible to play in the studio as we would perform live. But there is an element of sculpting that can be done in the studio that cannot be done live. What I mean is that in the studio, the music can be shaped more, through editing and mixing, and this cannot be done live. But the performance aspect of both situations is the same to me. We almost never edit solos or things like that, but we will do several takes of things in the studio, and then choose one take over another. Of course, we cannot do this in live performances, and we play live much more than we record, so we have more chances to do different versions live.\n\nTC: What are your thoughts on the state of the recording industry at large, especially in regards to archival hard copies versus ephemeral downloads?\n\nSC: It is what it is, I don’t have much control over this, so I don’t think about it much. The recording industry is mainly driven by commercial concerns, and what happens in the technology area, relating to music close to what I am doing, is the result of what trickles down from the pop music world. I concern myself with the musical content, not the medium on which the music is being presented. My main concern is live music, and recordings are just a product of the technology of the era that we live in. I simply keep adapting to whatever technology pops up, I use what I can use and ignore the rest, that’s my approach.\n\nTC: Considering your experiences programming computers and serving as the primary figure associated with a musical and philosophical movement, do you find inspiration in any new technological advances, stylistic movements or particular artists?\n\nSC: Not much, except to the extent that I find inspiration in the ideas of people, and some of those ideas are expressed as technological advances. I pretty much ignore stylistic movements, fads, trends, etc., I ignore styles in general. However, I do look very carefully at the work of other individuals.\n\nProgramming for me is just another kind of laboratory to try and realize ideas, to see what the potential of different combinations are, but my main goal is normally to perform music with people, not with machines. When I do some kind of a performance with computers, it’s mainly as a demonstration, or to do something with computers that is not practical to realize with people. But I value the human ability too much to just perform only with machines. You never know what you are going to end up with when you perform with other people, and for me this is part of the attraction.\n\n© 2013 Troy Collins\n\n> back to contents", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9940279722213745}
+{"content": "Tag Archives: NRI\n\nSGD INR in 2018, the inflation conundrum \n\nIt’s been really long since I wrote a post dedicated to SGD INR and as 2018 fast approaches time is ripe to share my views on how SGD INR could move in the following months.\n\nGiven the politically volatile times that we live in and dilemma the central banks in developed economies face with prolonged period of low inflation,  a few interesting scenarios might play out.\n\nStarting with India, with the implementation of demonetization and GST the countries GDP has taken a hit, which was not entirely unexpected. Any country that has implemented GST, experienced turbulent time of approximately 18 months before the benefits started to roll in. Alongside the GST implementation, the government has also been aggressively pushing for interest rate cuts to increase the economic activity. However, with the recent inflation print which came above expectations and crude  oil prices persisting above 50 USD a barrel,  the chance of rate cut in December ’17 is next to zero. The risk of inflation further accelerating is high and RBI has rightly held off reducing rates further until there are signs of moderating / low inflation. Now, a lot of this can be resolved if the manufacturers/producers start passing the benefits of reduced taxes from implementation of gst to consumers, this would result in reduced prices, which will lead to lower inflation and set the stage for a RBI rate cut but structural reforms of this scale take time to fine tune. \n\nOn the political front, the elections in prime ministers home State of Gujarat are scheduled in less than a months time followed by a few more states with the National elections soon in sight in 2019. Any upset in the elections or signs of losses to the ruling party will result in re-evaluation of investor sentiment in India.\n\nNow looking at the global factors, the 2 major central banks have diverged their monetary policies with Federal Reserve firmly on a path of rate hikes and ECB continuing with its Bond Purchases and negative interest policy well into September 2018. Japan has also indicated to continue with ultra loose monetary policy until inflation hits 2%. How did central banks arrive at this 2% magic figure is still beyond my understanding but that is a topic for another post. \n\nWith the US Federal Reserve increasing rates,  reducing interest rates will be extremely challenging for RBI and without lowering rates encouraging new investments in India that leads to Job creation a distant dream. A divergence of relative yields between US treasuries and Indian bonds can result in a sudden flight of capital from the country.\n\nAt the same time the valuations in the Indian stock markets are at all time highs and the market trades at PE of over 23 which again by historical standards is high and suggests a correction. Infact the global stock markets are trading at an all time high with this liquidity driven rally. With Federal Reserve increasing rates, the investors will be forced to consider cost of  capital which could result in market correction and money being taken out of India. \n\nThe silver lining amongst all this is that Indias foreign reserves have crossed 400 Billion dollars and that would provide some cushion against external shocks. \n\nIn Singapore, the inflation and GDP growth has picked up but is still erratic. Singapore Dollar being a managed currency against a basket of currencies, of which USD, Euro and Japanese are a part of, the policy divergence between US and Europe will be interesting to watch. MAS administers the monetary policy through exchange rate and is maintaining a neutral slope of exchange rate band but with US Treasuries strengthening yield curve how long would this band remain flat is a question worth asking. \n\nAnother very important factor not much talked about is the political succession in Singapore. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong has expressed his desire to step down as the prime minister or atleast have a succession plan in place. Who will succeed him and the political fall out from that move can impact Singapore economy and SGD. \n\nSingapore is fast trying to re-invent itself and write the next chapter of the growth story by catching on to the fintech wave and bio medical Research. Can these initiatives bring in new investments and create jobs will have to be seen.\n\nSo both currencies have their set of political risks and also will be impacted by increasing US interest rates. \n\nSingapore being a smaller economy and having shown greater nimbleness to react to global events is slightly better placed when compared to India making SGD slightly stronger than Rupee on a relative basis. \n\nI believe that just like 2017, 47.50 will play a pivot for the currency pair and we could see a range of 46 to 50 in the coming months as the inflation conundrum plays out – India wanting a lower inflation so that they can cut interest rates and developed world wanting higher so the rate increase cycle can continue. \n\n\nTax Free Bonds: Better than NRE FD’s\n\n\n\n\nLets compare the bonds to the NRE deposit\n\n3. Interest on NRE deposits is tax free\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe Fall and Rise of Indian Rupee: 45 days to lows, 45 to recovery\n\nWhat a roller coaster ride the past 3 months have been!\n\nThe rupee was trading at 48.6 against in the US dollar on 31st Oct 2011 and precipitated to touch 53.70 on 15 Dec 2011, a 10% drop. These were the historic lows for the currency and with RBI’s policy changes the rate as I write is 50 against the dollar with RBI reducing the CRR rate and rupee gaining 7% from the lows.\n\nInflation, falling growth numbers, uncertainity in Europe (which by the way still exists) and political roadblocks to financial reform were stated as the reasons for the weakness. All the reasons held resposible for rupees weakness are still there. Yes, inflation has eased a bit but thats pretty much the only change.\n\nAmong numerous suggestions aired to aid the rupee was for RBI to conduct open market purchases in style of Indonesian Central bank which burnt 8-9% of its foreign reserves to stabilise the rupiah. RBI however refrained and relaxed rules to make term deposits attractive for Non Residents Indians – and NRI’s did bring in money into India.\n\nLets see how has rupee faired against the other currencies in the past 90 days\n\nSurprised – right!! You did not expect to see these numbers, neither did I.\n\nInterestingly after 3 months the INR has returned back to almost where it started against all major currencies and even managed a small gain against GBP and EUR\n\nAgainst the USD the losses are paltry 2.6% which is close to long term volatility number. JPY on the other hand does come up as unexpected top winner against the Rupee with gains of 3.4%, but the real numbers are the ones shown in the last column.\n\nExtreme volatility is what the data screams – with rupee having lost over 10% against USD and JPY and over 5% against the other pairs.\n\nQuestion now would be are we expecting another such bout of swings in the market?\n\nI would say unlikely unless a sovereign default event happens.\n\nand how about the direction of Rupee?\n\nI am putting my money on a stable to moderately strong outlook. The RBI has held the repo rates, the CRR ratio has come down and with a weakened currency there should be a a bigger impetus on exports which should all be Rupee positive. However the political instability and global financial turmoil could more than negate any positive factors so 49 – 51 against the USD is what I would  be looking at till end of 1st quarter.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.519934892654419}
+{"content": "Inquiring minds are investigating three articles from today, stating opinions of three different Fed governors.\n\nBoston Fed President Against Tapering\n\nBoston Fed President Eric Rosengren says Rapid QE withdrawal could permanently harm U.S. workers\n\ntake our poll - story continues below\n\n\n  • What is your top alternative to Facebook?  \n\n\n\n\n\nPlosser at Odds with Yellen's Approach\n\nYahoo!Finance reports Fed's Plosser at odds with policy approach favored by Yellen.\n\n\n\n\nDudley Admits He's Unclear How QE Works\n\nRounding out our trio of articles from today, please consider Still unclear exactly how QE eases conditions: Fed's Dudley.\n\n\n\n\nRadical Suggestion\n\nWhile these Fed governors are grasping at straws in a tornado bickering over whether to taper or not, let me propose a simple idea: The Fed cannot figure out how QE works because QE doesn't work. Two decades of Japanese QE is sufficient  proof.\n\nIn the US, the Fed did ignite massive stock and bond market bubbles, but who in their right mind thinks bubbles are a measure of success?\n\nAll of the Fed's modeling is nothing more than a chasing one's tail exercise of economic stupidity. \n\nSimply put, the Fed is nothing more than a bunch of Soviet-style central planners with inflated opinions about what they can or cannot do.\n\nIf the Fed came out tomorrow and stated it would set the price of orange juice, everyone would think the Fed was insane. And they would be correct.\n\nYet amazingly, people think the Fed can set the correct interest rate policy and the correct monetary easing policy, not only to control the proper amount of inflation, but to manage unemployment as well, even though the central planners themselves readily admit they are clueless as to how their policies even work!\n\nIf that's not a bubble belief in wizard fools, what is?\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6448644399642944}
+{"content": "How does shape affect protein structure and function?\n\n1 Answer\n\n\nThere are four levels of protein structure. The short answer is these levels of structure give a protein its overall shape. The job (function) of the protein depends on its shape.\n\n\nThe video below discusses the topic of protein structure.\n\nKey ideas-\n1. The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein will determine the shape of the protein\n2. The job of a protein is determined by its shape\n3. A change in shape of a protein will cause its functionality to be altered or lost.\n5. Factors which can change the shape of a protein are changes in temperature (heat) or changes in pH level (acidic or basic).\n\nVideo from: Noel Pauller\n\nHope this helps!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.812349259853363}
+{"content": "On April 7th, something unusual happened at the 32nd annual Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction: a solo rapper was inducted.\n\nThat rapper was Tupac Shakur, the platinum-selling star whose legacy still lives on 21 years after his death.\n\nThe induction was carried out by one of the biggest legends of the hip-hop industry, Snoop Dogg, who gave a moving speech that humanized Shakur rather than listing the rapper’s many achievements.\n\n“While many remember him now as some kind of thugged-out superhero, Tupac knew he was only human,” said Snoop in his induction speech. “I’m here to make sure that Pac is remembered the way he would have wanted to be: a strong black man that stood for his. Not simply an actor or rapper, but as a human.”\n\nThe son of Black Panther activists, Shakur was raised by his mother, who was incarcerated on bombing charges while pregnant with the future rapper. He didn’t know his biological father until he was an adult, and had a difficult childhood marked by his mother’s substance abuse and radical politics.\n\nAs a teenager, he attended the Baltimore School for the Arts, taking ballet and acting classes. It was while living in Baltimore that Shakur discovered rap, and began performing as MC New York, but later moved with his family to the West Coast, joining Oakland-based hip-hop group Digital Underground, appearing in two of their songs before embarking on his solo career.\n\nIn 1991, Tupac became the performer we know him as today—2Pac—and came out with his debut album, 2Paclypse Now. His second album, Stricktly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z., made it on the pop charts, going platinum and selling\n\nIt was during this time, in 1992, that Shakur made his film debut in Juice, and later, Poetic Justice and Above the Rim.\n\nShakur lived a live that reflected his, at times, violent and explicit lyrics that details fights, gang activity, and sex, and was arrested several times for violent offenses in the 1990s. He became the victim of an offense, himself, when he was shot five times in a recording studio during a mugging.\n\nHis third solo album, Me Against the World, debuted in 1995 to critical acclaim and a number one spot on the album charts. Notably, the theme of an early death permeated much of his work during this time—a foreshadowing of his eventual fate.\n\nAfter a stint in prison, Shakur released All Eyez on Me in 1996, again to critical and popular acclaim. It seemed nothing could stop this rapper.\n\nShakur became involved in a feud between East and West Coast rappers, and made a habit of insulting his enemies through the lyrics of his songs. On the way to attend a Las Vegas boxing, he was shot, dying 6 days later on September 13th, 1996 at the age of 25. His murderer was never found.\n\nFrom Shakur’s life has sprung a number of theatrical productions, including the 2012 musical, Holler If Ya Can Hear Me. The rapper also made a posthumous appearance as the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in the form of a hologram, accompanied by Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre.\n\nTupac Shakur’s induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is not without controversy—Gene Simmons once told the Rolling Stone that he was “looking forward to the death of rap”.\n\nRapper and actor Ice Cube, responding to Simmons’s statement, had this to say.\n\n“Rock ‘n’ Roll is not an instrument. It’s not even a style of music. It’s a spirit that’s been going on since the blues, jazz, bebop, soul, rock ‘n’ roll, R&B, heavy metal, punk rock, and yet, hip-hop. Rock ‘n’ Roll is not conforming to the people who came before you, but creating your own path in music and life.”\n\nIce Cube went on to assert that where musicians like Tupac “invent” rock ‘n’ roll, Simmons and his type “reprint” it.\n\nAccording to the rock hall institution, “factors such as an artist’s musical influence on other artists, length and depth of career and the body of work, innovation and superiority in style and technique are taken into consideration.”\n\nIf these are the criteria, then Snoop Dogg is right—Tupac has surely earned his place.\n\nFollowing the moving speech, Snoop performed a medley of Tupac’s greatest hits along with Alicia Keys, Naughty by Nature’s Treach, T.I., and YG, memorializing and celebrating Shakur’s life and work as only they can.\n\nTupac now joins a very short list of rappers who have made it into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but his induction may open the door for more rap artists to be included in the future.\n\nRap is still a relatively young form of music, and those who took it to the heights the genre now enjoys are only just now becoming eligible—to get into the hall, nominees must have released their first album or single at least 25 years before they can appear on the ballot.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6396450996398926}
+{"content": "\n\n\nThe success of this long struggle made law a shield of the people. As an English colony, America inherited this unique achievement that made English speaking peoples the most free in the world.\n\n\n\n\nThe American people’s elected representatives in Congress endorsed the executive branch’s overthrow of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Law schools and bar associations were essentially silent in the face of this overthrow of mankind’s greatest achievement. Some parts of the federal judiciary voted with the executive branch; other parts made a feeble resistance. Today in the name of “the war on terror,” the executive branch does whatever it wants. There is no accountability.\n\nThe First Amendment has been abridged and may soon be criminalized.  Protests against, and criticisms of, the U.S. government’s illegal invasions of Muslim countries and war crimes against civilian populations have been construed by executive branch officials as “giving aid and comfort to the enemy.” As American citizens have been imprisoned for giving aid to Muslim charities that the executive branch has decreed, without proof in a court of law, to be under the control of “terrorists,” any form of opposition to the government’s wars and criminal actions can also be construed as aiding terrorists and be cause for arrest and indefinite detention.\n\n\nSunstein defines those who criticize the government’s increasingly lawless behavior as “extremists,” which, to the general public, sounds much like “terrorists.” In essence, Sunstein wants to generalize the F.B.I.’s practice of infiltrating dissidents and organizing them around a “terrorist plot” in order to arrest them. That this proposal comes from a Harvard Law School professor demonstrates the collapse of respect for law among American law professors themselves, ranging from John Yoo at Berkeley, the advocate of torture, to Sunstein at Harvard, a totalitarian who advocates war on the First Amendment.\n\nThe U.S. Department of State has taken up Sunstein’s idea. Last month Eva Golinger reported in the Swiss newspaper, Zeit-Fragen, that the State Department plans to organize youth in “Twitter Revolutions” to destabilize countries and bring about regime change in order to achieve more American puppet states, such as the ones in Egypt, Jordan, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Canada, Mexico, Columbia, Ukraine, Georgia, the Baltic states, Britain, and Western and Eastern Europe.\n\nThe First Amendment is being closed down. Its place is being taken by propaganda in behalf of whatever government does. As Stratton and I wrote in the second edition of our book documenting the destruction of law in the United States:\n\n“Never in its history have the American people faced such danger to their constitutional protections as they face today from those in the government who hold the reins of power and from elements of the legal profession and the federal judiciary that support ‘energy in the executive.’ An assertive executive backed by an aggressive U.S. Department of Justice (sic) and unobstructed by a supine Congress and an intimidated corporate media has demonstrated an ability to ignore statutory law and public opinion. The precedents that have been set during the opening years of the twenty-first century bode ill for the future of American liberty.”\n\nSimilar assaults on the rule of law can be observed in England. However, the British have not completely given up on accountable government. The Chilcot Inquiry is looking into how Britain was deceived into participating in the illegal U.S. invasion of Iraq. President Obama, of course, has blocked any inquiry into how the U.S. was deceived into attacking Iraq in violation of law.\n\nMuch damning information has come out about Blair’s deception of the British government and people. Sir David Manning, foreign policy advisor to Blair, told the Chilcot Inquiry that Blair had promised Bush support for the invasion almost a year in advance. Blair had told his country that it was a last minute call based on proof of Iraq’s possession of weapons of mass destruction.\n\nSir William Patey told the inquiry that President Bush began talking about invading Iraq six or seven months prior to September 11, 2001. A devastating official memo has come to light from Lord Goldsmith, Prime Minister Blair’s top law official, advising Blair that an invasion of Iraq would be in breach of international law.\n\nNow a secret and personal letter to Prime Minister Blair from his Foreign Secretary, Jack Straw, has surfaced. In the letter, the Foreign Secretary warned the Prime Minister that his case for military invasion of Iraq was of dubious legality and was likely as false as the argument that removing Saddam Hussein would bring Iraqis a better life.\n\nBlair himself must now testify. He has the reputation, whether deserved or not, as one of the slickest liars in the world. But some accountability seems to be heading his way. The Sunday Times (London) reported on January 17 that the latest poll indicates that 52 percent of the British people believe that Blair deliberately misled his country in order to take Britain to war for the Americans. About one quarter of the British people think Blair should be put on trial as a war criminal.\n\nUnlike the U.S., which takes care to keep the government unaccountable to law, Britain is a member of the International Criminal Court, so Blair does stand some risk of being held accountable for the war crimes of President George W. Bush’s regime and the U.S. Congress.\n\nIn contrast, insouciant Americans are content for their government to behave illegally.  A majority supports torture despite its illegality, and a McClatchy-Ipsos poll found that 51 percent of Americans agree that “it is necessary to give up some civil liberties in order to make the country safe from terrorism.”\n\nAs our Founding Fathers warned, fools who give up liberty for security will have neither.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5446436405181885}
+{"content": "First drive-in movie theater opens\n\n\nPark-In Theaters–the term “drive-in” came to be widely used only later–was the brainchild of Richard Hollingshead, a movie fan and a sales manager at his father’s company, Whiz Auto Products, in Camden. Reportedly inspired by his mother’s struggle to sit comfortably in traditional movie theater seats, Hollingshead came up with the idea of an open-air theater where patrons watched movies in the comfort of their own automobiles. He then experimented in the driveway of his own house with different projection and sound techniques, mounting a 1928 Kodak projector on the hood of his car, pinning a screen to some trees, and placing a radio behind the screen for sound. He also tested ways to guard against rain and other inclement weather, and devised the ideal spacing arrangement for a number of cars so that all would have a view of the screen.\n\nThe young entrepreneur received a patent for the concept in May of 1933 and opened Park-In Theaters, Inc. less than a month later, with an initial investment of $30,000. Advertising it as entertainment for the whole family, Hollingshead charged 25 cents per car and 25 cents per person, with no group paying more than one dollar. The idea caught on, and after Hollingshead’s patent was overturned in 1949, drive-in theaters began popping up all over the country. One of the largest was the All-Weather Drive-In of Copiague, New York, which featured parking space for 2,500 cars, a kid’s playground and a full service restaurant, all on a 28-acre lot.\n\nDrive-in theaters showed mostly B-movies–that is, not Hollywood’s finest fare–but some theaters featured the same movies that played in regular theaters. The initially poor sound quality–Hollingshead had mounted three speakers manufactured by RCA Victor near the screen–improved, and later technology made it possible for each car’s to play the movie’s soundtrack through its FM radio. The popularity of the drive-in spiked after World War II and reached its heyday in the late 1950s to mid-60s, with some 5,000 theaters across the country. Drive-ins became an icon of American culture, and a typical weekend destination not just for parents and children but also for teenage couples seeking some privacy. Since then, however, the rising price of real estate, especially in suburban areas, combined with the growing numbers of walk-in theaters and the rise of video rentals to curb the growth of the drive-in industry. Today, fewer than 500 drive-in theaters survive in the United States.\n\n\nThe Ashmolean opens\n\nThe Ashmolean, the world’s first university museum, opens in Oxford, England. At the time of the English Restoration, Oxford was the center of scientific activity in England. In 1677, English archaeologist Elias Ashmole donated his collection of curiosities to Oxford University, more\n\nJames Meredith shot\n\nJames H. Meredith, who in 1962 became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi, is shot by a sniper shortly after beginning a lone civil rights march through the South. Known as the “March Against Fear,” Meredith had been walking from Memphis, Tennessee, more\n\nIndian army storms Golden Temple\n\n\nBattle of Belleau Wood begins\n\n\n\n\nWilliam Quantrill killed by Union soldiers\n\n\nThe Ed Sullivan Show airs for the very last time\n\n\nSex and the City premieres on HBO\n\nOn this day in 1998, the cable network HBO airs the pilot episode of Sex and the City, a new comedy series chronicling the lives and loves of four single women living in New York City. The show’s creator, Darren Star, was best known at the time for producing the long-running Fox more\n\nTrain avoids cow, but kills 600\n\nMore than 500 passengers are killed when their train plunges into the Baghmati River in India on this day in 1981. The rail accident—the worst in India to that date—was caused by an engineer who was reverential of cows. The nine-car train, filled with approximately 1,000 more", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6076263189315796}
+{"content": "Green Plans: Blueprint for a Sustainable Earth\n\nHuey D. Johnson\n\nAnno: 2008\nRilegatura: Paperback / softback\nPagine: 228 p.\nTesto in English\nDimensioni: 216 x 140 mm\nPeso: 272 gr.\n  • EAN: 9780803260207\npagabile con 18App pagabile con Carta del Docente\n\nArticolo acquistabile con 18App e Carta del Docente\n\n€ 11,73\n\n€ 13,64\n\nRisparmi € 1,91 (14%)\n\nVenduto e spedito da IBS\n\n12 punti Premium\n\nDisponibile in 10 gg\n\n\"Green plans\" are the most effective strategies yet developed for moving from industrial environmental deterioration to postindustrial sustainability. In this definitive overview of green plans today, Huey D. Johnson provides a detailed and accessible examination of their theory, implementation, and performance across the globe, highlighting the challenges and successes of green plans in the Netherlands, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Austria, the United Kingdom, Germany, the rest of the European Community, and Singapore. Green plans will serve future generations as models of creative collaboration between government and business. This revised and updated edition features new information on green plans globally and a new afterword by the author.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7642349004745483}
+{"content": "Invitation of Leading Resource Persons\n\nIn order to develop economic exchange with other countries, IIST invites to Japan key figures who represent international organizations or nations in specific areas and highly influential in policymaking under programs tailored for each individual. The invited guests are offered opportunities to exchange views with representatives of Japan’s political, government, and business circles, to hold lectures as well as to participate in international conferences and industrial tours in fields of their expertise. Through these activities, the program aims to deepen their understanding of Japan and promote the establishment of networks with their counterparts in Japan.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8673708438873291}
+{"content": "Defending those\nwho have served.\n(708) 468-8155\nMr. Maher defends federal employees in workplace matters and has consistently achieved favorable results. He gained many of his skills when he was appointed as the Senior Executive Service (SES) General Counsel for the US Office of Personnel Management.\n\nDuring his tenure during the last Presidential Administration, he led the Office of the General Counsel and handled labor and employment matters involving federal agencies, administrative judges, the MSPB, and federal courts.\n\nSpecific matters include adverse actions for employee performance, discipline for misconduct, merit systems practice, employee appeals, grievances, and judicial review, suspensions, terminations, equal opportunity, discrimination, reprisals.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8691043853759766}
+{"content": "Mental Training for Soccer – Defense\n\nMental Training for SKA Black Belts\n\nThese audio CDs are based on the principle that the mind leads the body, that your soccer practice is an expression of your mentality, (hence the term “MindSet”). Regular use of these CDs can enhance your soccer practice by working directly on the thoughts and images that influence your actions and reactions.\n\nThe CDs can incredibly heighten your soccer playing performance, no matter what your current age or level of ability. They will help a professional, club, recreation, or a parent’s child to push themselves beyond all previous limits. Just make a commitment to listen to the CDs at least 20 minutes a day for at least 30 days. The more one listens to it, with a more concentrated and focused mentality, the more they will get out of it. These renewed mental, technical and physical heightened abilities will be exhibited in their soccer games and practices. The soccer CDs are broken down into four different types, depending on what position one plays; offense, defense, midfield and goalie.\n\nPrice: $19.95", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9308360815048218}
+{"content": "New Feature: Housing Society Inventory Tracking Made Easy\n\nIn yet another first, ApnaComplex launches Inventory Tracking Module for Housing societies.\n\nOne of the biggest pain points for any society is to track how various consumables (such as Diesel, Electrical Fittings, Plumbing Fittings, Salt/Chemicals for Water Bodies etc.) are being utilized. Things like when was a stock bought and at what price, when and how are they consumed, what is the current balance is very difficult to track all along – but no more.\n\nApnaComplex has now a new “Inventory” module that would help you track inventory.  Asset Administrators will now be able to:\n1. Define various stock items such as Diesel, Water, Bulbs, etc.\n2. Ability to add purchase and consume transactions of every item – along with date of the transaction, the quantity and the price (for purchase transactions).\n3. View Statement of each stock item for a given date range which gives an overview of how an item was purchased and used.\n4. Generate month-wise consumption reports for a given date range for all stock items.\n\nWe are postive that our customers would find this module very useful. Like with all other features, this feature also will evolve based on the feedback from our customers as days pass by.\n\nHappy and easy tracking!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6559200882911682}
+{"content": "PlayAlong Alto Sax\n\n-PlayAlong Alto Sax listens as you play your instrument, guiding you through the melody of a selected song. h...\n\nExpired  $ 0.99 Free\n\nStore review\n\n-Choose to play any of the 250+ songs and scales from our music library.\n-You can share your experience by recording a performance and sending it to friends, family, and teachers. You can also include your proficiency score and performance history.\n-You can choose the settings that complement your skill.\n-Using the default Wait Mode, the app steps through each note of the song waiting for you to play the correct pitch and duration.\n-At the end of each song you are presented with a proficiency score showing how many of each note were played correctly on the first attempt.\n-Cumulative statistics of the total correct notes, consecutive correct notes, and songs played correctly are available.\n-The Stats-display presents a list of all the songs, showing which you have played, highest score, and how many of the notes you were able to play.\n-The History feature keeps track of scores for each performance of each song you have played.\n-Beginners can choose to have finger charts displayed under each note on the staff as they play.\n-Touching the finger chart lets you hear that note.\n-Pushing the play button allows you to hear the whole song.\n-You can also choose to display only the note names under the staff, or to see a full screen of music.\n-You can enable Manual mode and play the song with your own interpretation, using the display like traditional sheet music.\n-The Transposition feature lets you shift the pitch of a song's notes, up or down allowing you to customize the range of a song.\n-Using Game Center you can track and share your stats and your song progress.\n-The Tempo feature allows you to adjust the tempo of the song.\n-The Loop option allows you to play a song over and over uninterrupted.\n-PlayAlong Alto Sax comes with more than 100 free songs.\n-The Categorized Song Page presents you with additional songs, and scales from our expanding library. The song list includes ratings of Easy, Intermediate, and Advanced to help you choose your next piece.\n-Check out the AtPlayMusic Page for the PlayAlong apps of your other favorite instruments.\n\nStore rating\n\n\nout of\n\n72 reviews\n\n\n102.8 MB\n\nLast update\n\nOct. 8, 2018\n\nRead more", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5735034942626953}
+{"content": "Proteins are dynamic molecules that can adopt multiple conformations in order to accomplish their respective functions. While crystallographic studies and in vitro biochemical assays can give valuable insight into a protein's structure and function, studying the cellular function of a protein in living cells remains difficult. While a postdoctoral fellow in Dr. James Wells' laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), I have been developing enzymatic-tagging technologies to study protein interactions in living cells and lysates. Here I propose using enzymatic-tagging coupled with quantitative proteomics to study the dynamic signaling proteins BRAF kinase and KRAS GTPase. Mutations in the KRAS-BRAF signaling pathway are found in ~30% of human cancers. While we understand the biochemical mechanisms by which mutations activate KRAS, how these mutations alter the protein-protein interactions that KRAS makes (its interactome), and what effect these changes have on cellular signaling, remains unclear. Cancer-causing mutations in the KRAS effector protein, BRAF, typically render the kinase constitutively active and independent of KRAS regulation. Surprisingly, catalytically-dead BRAF mutants have also been implicated as drivers of oncogenesis. Additionally, it has been shown that small-molecule inhibitors of BRAF can paradoxically activate the downstream MAP kinase signaling pathway. This paradoxical activation is thought to occur via a ligand-induced BRAF dimer, but we do not know how drug binding alters BRAF's interactome. The goal of this proposal is to identify how mutations and ligands change the interactome of KRAS and BRAF in living cells.\nIn Aim 1, I will identify changes to the BRAF interactome after treatment with ATP-competitive inhibitors.\nIn Aim 2, I will study the impact of clinically observed mutations on the KRAS interactome. Finally, in Aim 3, I will study the interplay between kinase-dead BRAF and mutant KRAS. Completion of these aims will expand our knowledge of KRAS and BRAF signaling in oncogenesis and may lead to new strategies for the treatment of KRAS- and BRAF-driven cancers. While performing the proposed research I will continue to utilize my previous expertise while simultaneously gaining hands-on training in mass spectrometry, proteomics, systems biology, cell biology, and cancer biology. These skills will provide me with the scientific foundation to pursue my long-term research goal of understanding how specific conformational states of signaling proteins relate to their cellular function. In addition, the advice and training I will receive from my mentor Dr. Wels and the rest of my advisory committee during the mentored phase of this award will help me to prepare for a successful career as an independent investigator. The data acquired during the mentored phase of this award will serve as preliminary data for my initial round of grant applications as an independent investigator, greatly increasing my probability of success. Completion of the research and training proposed in this application will provide me with the expertise necessary to successfully reach my long-term career goal of leading an independent research lab.\n\nPublic Health Relevance\n\nMutations in amino acid sequence are capable of changing the conformational state of a signaling protein, leading to misregulation of the protein's function, and in many cases, a disease state such as cancer. This project seeks to understand how specific conformations of signaling proteins relate to their cellular function, with a specific focus on the role of the protins BRAF and KRAS in cancer.\n\nNational Institute of Health (NIH)\nNational Cancer Institute (NCI)\nCareer Transition Award (K99)\nProject #\nApplication #\nStudy Section\nSubcommittee I - Transistion to Independence (NCI)\nProgram Officer\nSchmidt, Michael K\nProject Start\nProject End\nBudget Start\nBudget End\nSupport Year\nFiscal Year\nTotal Cost\nIndirect Cost\nUniversity of California San Francisco\nSchools of Pharmacy\nSan Francisco\nUnited States\nZip Code\nHill, Zachary B; Pollock, Samuel B; Zhuang, Min et al. (2016) Direct Proximity Tagging of Small Molecule Protein Targets Using an Engineered NEDD8 Ligase. J Am Chem Soc 138:13123-13126", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7813064455986023}
+{"content": "Having a lapse of memory is perhaps one of the most frustrating things that can happen to you. Researchers have made great strides in learning how the brain retains information in recent years, however. Use some of the techniques and tricks presented here to improve your ability to recall the things you want to remember.\n\nOne excellent and fun way to help improve your memory retention is to play games that are designed to provide a challenge. This works in the same way as exercising to keep your body in good shape. Regular mental exercise can result in improved memory and the increased ability to concentrate and focus. Good games include things like crossword puzzles, chess and word challenges. Scrabble is a good, fun daily challenge.\n\nIf you are trying to learn a great deal of information, studying in many different spots will help your brain hold into your memory. When you study in one spot, the knowledge can be thought to be location specific to your brain. Mixing the geography makes it more general and a part of you. You will make the information something you will remember forever if you make a conscious effort to study in a variety of places.\n\nGive your full attention to what is happening around you. While you may think you are paying attention, your mind may be wandering and not absorbing information efficiently. It is important to clear your thoughts and concentrate on what is going on around you. Consciously think about the information and this can solidify your memory.\n\nIf you are experiencing serious difficulties keeping up with information, you should use whatever means are necessary to remedy the situation, even if that means using sticky notes! Keep them in places you’ll see all the time, like beside your computer or on your refrigerator. Placing sticky notes on things will help you make sure you don’t forget things that are extremely important.\n\nTo improve your memory, get rid of negative or unpleasant thoughts. Many studies show that extra stress on your mind and body can lead to short-term memory loss and forgetfulness. Speak with your doctor about stress-relieving strategies.\n\nGet adequate rest. Make sure you’re getting good sleep, too–eight hours a night isn’t enough if you’re waking every few minutes or sleep on an uncomfortable bed. Sleep plays a powerful role in terms of short-term and long-term memory. If you are feeling low on energy, you will likely have a difficult time remembering what you need to. Try to get plenty of rest to help you retain memory.\n\nTo improve memory retention, try fish oil. Low levels of omega-3 could be the cause of your poor memory. You can add fish oil to your diet easily by taking an Omega 3 supplement.\n\nIf you have something you need to remember, try associating it with a humorous phrase, song or mental image. When things are more funny and information is easier to handle, you will have a better time.\n\nThe tips you have just read will assist you in retaining relevant information. Once you find a way to remember things, your life will be less stressful.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9932785034179688}
+{"content": "Friday, November 13, 2015\n\nEach step\n\nLife is a great big canvas; throw all the paint you can at it.  ~ Danny Kaye\n- What activities/pursuits enhance your life?\n\nIf I waited for perfection, I would never write a word.  ~ Margaret Atwood\n- What skill could you develop to enrich your life? \n\nA journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.  ~ Chinese proverb\n- What understanding could you bring to each step?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000100135803223}
+{"content": "December 12, 2018\n\n    Artist's impression of the the triple star system PSR J0337+1715, some 4,200 light years away from Earth\n    Einstein’s insights into gravity stand the test - space science news\n\n    Einstein got it right: even objects as dense as a neutron star fall at the same rate as light objects such as feathers. Their mass or composition has no influence whatsoever. While this theory has been tested and confirmed many times over on Earth, astronomers have now found that this aspect of Einstein’s theory of gravity also applies to objects in space. By studying the triple start system PSR J0337+1715, which is located 4,200 light years away from Earth, they found that a dense neutron star and a white dwarf star fell with the same speed toward another white dwarf star. Thus, there is no difference between size, mass and composition in the acceleration due to gravity between these very different objects in space, confirming Einstein’s Strong Equivalence Principle.\n\n    Read the full story: Green Bank Observatory\n    Scientific publication: Nature\n\n    Uranus has been tilted following a collision with another planet\n    Uranus was hit by a planet twice the size of Earth - space science news\n\n    Some 4 billion years ago, Uranus has probably collided with another planet that was about twice the size of Earth, computer simulations show. This collision would explain why Uranus is tilted, basically rotating on its side. Also, the collision scenario gives more insight into the evolution of Uranus and its moons that might have formed from, or modified by, the debris of the impact. As Uranus has many characteristics of an exoplanet, researchers believe that understanding the evolution of Uranus helps understanding how other planets outside our solar system have evolved and what their chemical composition would be.\n\n    Read the full story: Durham University\n    Scientific publication: The Astrophysical Journal\n\n    A merged star passed behind our sun leaving it hidden from astronomers until it remerged from that glare 100 days after the merger event. Credit: University of Warwick\n    Scientists see the light of the first confirmed neutron star merger after waiting 110 days - science news in brief\n\n    One of the skills of a good scientist is patience. Great rewards await those who master it. This was the case for a group of astronomers that had to wait for exactly 110 days to see the first of confirmed neutron star merger to re-emerge from behind the glare of the sun. This was the first visual sighting of a jet of material that was streaming out from the merged star after that initial cataclysmic merger event. Their observations confirm a key prediction about the aftermath of neutron star mergers. The binary neutron star merger GW170817 occurred 130 million light-years away in the galaxy named NGC 4993. It was first detected in August 2017.\n\n    Read the full story: University of Warwick\n    Scientific publication: Nature Astronomy\n\n    Image of the baby planet (the bright dot on the right). Image: ESO/A. Müller et al.\n    Newborn planet captured on film for the very first time - space science news\n\n    Researchers led by astronomers of the Max Planck Institut for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany, have made a stunning picture of planetary formation around the young dwarf star PDS70. The research team observed a very young planet, named PDS70b, while it was travelling through the planet-forming material surrounding the young star. The planet was detected with SPHERE instrument on the Very Large Telescope, which is one of the most powerful telescopes available. It is giant gas planet, many times the size of Jupiter, and has a surface temperature of about 1000 degrees C.\n\n    Read the full story: European Southern Observatory\n    Scientific publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics\n    Scientific publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics\n\n    The artist's concept depicts Kepler-186f. Image credit: NASA Ames/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle\n    Earth-like exoplanets might indeed look like the Earth - space science news\n\n    Kepler-186f is the first Eart-like planet that has been discovered outside our solar system, circling around its own star at the optimal distance to make the occurrence of liquid water possible. Now, researchers have established that its axial tilt is very stable, just like the Earth. This suggests that Kepler-186f has seasons and a stable climate. The same is probably true for another planet, Kepler-62f. For comparison, the axial tilt of Mars, which is in the habitable zone of our solar system, varies enormously over time, from 0 to 60 degrees. This instability has probably caused the loss of the Martian atmosphere and the evaporation of surface water.\n\n    Read the full story: Georgia Institute of Technology\n    Scientific publication: The Astronomical Journal\n\n    Oumuamua has properties that suggest it is likely a comet, not an asteroid as initially believed. This illustration shows ‘Oumuamua racing toward the outskirts of our solar system. Credits: NASA/ESA/STScI\n    Oumuamua is a comet, not an asteroid - science news\n\n    Our Solar System’s first known interstellar object, Oumuamua, got an unexpected boost in speed and shift in trajectory as it passed through the inner solar system last year. Analyzing the trajectory of this interstellar object, scientists found that the speed boost was consistent with the behavior of a comet. “This additional subtle force on ′Oumuamua likely is caused by jets of gaseous material expelled from its surface,” said Davide Farnocchia, one of the authors. Thus, the data suggest that Oumuamua is most likely a comet.\n\n    Read the full story: NASA\n    Scientific publication: Nature\n\n    Range of the size for a typical neutron star compared to the city of Frankfurt. Satellite image: GeoBasis-DE/BKG (2009) Google\n    How large is a neutron star - science news in brief\n\n    How large is a neutron star? This is one question that has puzzled astrophysicists for the last 40 years. A solution to this problem would provide important information on the fundamental behavior of matter at high densities. Now, a group of scientists calculated the size of neutron stars with an accuracy of 1.5 kilometers. To achieve this, they used an elaborate statistical approach based on data from the measurement of gravitational waves. According to the study, a typical neutron star has a diameter between 12 and 13.5 kilometers. Neutron stars are the densest objects in our universe, with a mass larger than that of our sun compacted into a relatively small sphere.\n\n    Read the full story: ScienceBriefss\n    Scientific publication: Physical Review Letters\n\n    Artist representation of a red nugget galaxy. Credit: Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/MTA-Eötvös University/N. Werner et al.; Illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss\n    Red nuggets galaxies provide an opportunity to study isolated cosmic structures - science news in short - space news\n\n    Red nuggets are relics of the first massive galaxies that formed one billion years after the Big Bang, with masses similar to those of giant elliptical galaxies, but only a fifth of their size. A small number of them managed to remain untouched throughout the evolution of the Universe, thus offering a rare opportunity to study how the galaxies, and the supermassive black hole at their centers, behave over billions of years of isolation. Now, two of these structures, at 295 million and 344 million light years from Earth respectively, are studied in detail by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. The first results of the study show that, even in the absence of interaction with other galaxies, the inside of the red nuggets is very dynamic, with black holes preventing the formation of new stars.\n\n    Read the full story: Chandra X-ray Observatory\n    Scientific publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society\n\n    Artistic representation of gas connecting galaxies across the universe. Image : Illustris Collaboration\n    Last of ordinary matter in the universe found - space science news\n\n    Until now, astrophysicists had found only two-thirds of universe’s ordinary matter that should have been created by the Big Bang. Now, an international team of researchers has found the missing one-third using the Hubble telescope and the European Space Agency’s X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission. It appeared that the ordinary matter exists in vast spaces between galaxies as highly-ionized oxygen gas at temperatures of about a staggering one million degrees Celcius.\n\n    Read the full story: University of Colorado Boulder\n    Scientific publication: Nature\n\n    Scientists use the spectra of various chemicals to directly detect exoplanets. The planet becomes visible when looking for H2O or CO molecules. The star remains invisible when looking for these molecules. Credit: UNIGE\n    Planets made visible by detecting molecules on their surface - science news in short - space\n\n    Each planet revolves around a star and this makes it difficult for astronomers to directly observe it because the light of the star is too strong. Now, a team of scientists proposed a workaround for this issue. They are using a technique able to detect chemicals found in the planet’s atmosphere (such as water or carbon monoxide), in order to make it visible. These molecules are not present in the star, so it doesn’t interfere with the measurements, allowing the planet to be directly observed. “This technique is only in its infancy”, enthuses Jens Hoeijmakers, one of the authors. “It should change the way planets and their atmospheres are characterized”.\n\n    Read the full story: University of Geneva\n    Scientific publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics\n\n    Astronomers observed an elusive type of black hole\n    Rare type of black hole spotted devouring a star - science news in brief - space\n\n    Intermediate-mass black holes are some of the rarest and elusive types of cosmic phenomenon. Now, a team of researchers has found a rare sign of activity. They detected an enormous flare of radiation in the outskirts of a distant galaxy, thrown off as a star passed too close to a black hole and was subsequently torn apart and partly devoured. This type of black hole has not been spotted so clearly before. The scientists believe that the black hole has a mass of around fifty thousand times that of our Sun. The results of the study will help astronomers understand better this type of phenomenon.\n\n    Read the full story: ScienceBriefss\n    Scientific publication: Nature\n\n    Artistic representation of a black hole shredding a passing star. Image: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO / AUI / NSF; NASA, STScI\n    Astronomers see how a black hole rips a star apart - space science news\n\n    Never before have astronomers seen how the gravity of a black hole rips a star apart, until now. The event happened at a distance of 150 million light years away from Earth, and was visible because of the emission of intense X-rays and visible light. Also, when the star was being shredded, there was a jet of material launched into space at nearly the speed of light. Scientists think that shredding of starts by black holes occurs more frequently, but these events are not easy to spot. If more could be observed, this would increase our understanding of the environment in which galaxies developed billions of years ago.\n\n    Read the full story: National Radio Astronomy Observatory\n    Scientific publication: Science\n\n    Organic molecules (blue) on Ceres may be more abundant than previously thought. Image: NASA / H. Kaplan\n    Organic molecules on the dwarf planet Ceres - space science news\n\n    Like Mars, Ceres harbours organic molecules that are the chemical building blocks of life. By re-analysing data from NASA’s previous Dawn mission, scientists believe that the concentration of organic molecules on Ceres is much higher than thought on the basis of earlier analyses. It is unclear, however, whether Ceres has made these molecules by itself, or that they have been brought there by a comet. While the presence of organic molecules does not prove the existence of life, not even on Ceres that is rich in water ice, the dwarf planet continues to fascinate and gives more insight the distribution of organic molecules in space.\n\n    Read the full story: Brown University\n    Scientific publication: Geophysical Research Letters\n\n    Formation of a planetary system\n    Young planets observed around a newborn star - space science news\n\n    Astronomist have found evidence for the existence of three young planets that are in orbit around a young star known as HD163296. The scientists base their conclusions on disturbances in the young star’s gas-filled disk. The analysis of gas in disks around stars is a new technique which makes the discovery of young planets possible. Also the technique is expected to lead to a better understanding of how planets are born and how atmospheres are formed.\n\n    Read the full story: National Radio Astronomy Observatory\n    Scientific publication: Astrophysical Journal Letters.\n    Scientific publication: Astrophysical Journal Letters.\n\n    The microscopic dust particles around Earth were created at the beginning of the solar system. Credit: Hope Ishii/University of Hawaii\n    Space dust around Earth dates back to the formation of the solar system - science news in short\n\n    The interplanetary space from our solar system contains many dust particles, but little is known about their origin. In a new experiment, scientists collected some of these particles from the Earth’s upper atmosphere and studied them. The samples were analyzed using infrared light and electron microscopy. The study supports the idea that the dust particles are, in fact, leftovers from the formation of our solar system. The results provide insights into the properties of the building blocks of the planets.\n\n    Read the full story: Berkeley Lab\n    Scientific publication: PNAS\n\n    Curiosity found organic molecules on Mars. Image: NASA\n    Organic molecules found on Mars - space science news\n\n    No, the presence of organic molecules on Mars is not proof of life, but does show that the ingredients for making life possible are there. The organic molecules have been found in sedimentary rocks near the surface of the planet by NASA’s Curiosity rover. Curiosity has a built-in oven to heat the samples to release the organic molecules from the rock powder. Also, seasonal variations in methane in the Martian atmosphere were detected, with high levels in the summer and low levels in the winter. Again, while methane can be of biological origin, it is probably formed by chemical processes. Thus, the new findings cannot rule out the possibility that life once existed on Mars, but are far from sufficient to prove it.\n\n    Read the full story: NASA\n    Scientific publication: Science - Organic molecules\n    Scientific publication: Science - Methane\n\n    This artist's concept of lightning distribution in Jupiter's northern hemisphere incorporates a JunoCam image with artistic embellishments. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/JunoCam\n    The mystery of Jupiter lightning solved - science news in brief\n\n    Ever since NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft flew past Jupiter in March 1979, scientists have wondered about the origin of Jupiter's lightning. A new study now shade light on the properties of this phenomenon. In many aspects, they are similar to those on Earth. But they are also different. For example, on Earth the lightning activity is more concentrated around the equator. On Jupiter, the flashes occur more frequently around the poles, opposite to Earth. This is because on Jupiter, unlike Earth, there is more heat at the poles compared to the equator. The study was based on data provided by the Juno mission of NASA.\n\n    Read the full story: ScienceBriefss\n    Scientific publication: Nature\n\n    Colliding burnt remaining of dead stars creates most of the heavy elements found in the universe\n    Gold and other heavy elements are created by exploding dead stars - science news in short\n\n    The origin of the heaviest chemical elements, including gold, has been a debate amongst scientists for a long time. Now, a new study provides evidence that pairs of neutron stars (the core of stars that have exploded) can merge and during the process, the majority of the heavy elements is formed. To discover this, scientists analyzed two dwarf galaxies using the W. M. Keck Observatory on Maunakea in Hawaii. The results have been presented at the meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in Denver and have been submitted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal.\n\n    Read the full story: California Institute of Technology (Caltech)\n\n    Sedna is one of the biggest objects at the edge or our solar system and appears reddish in telescope images. Image: artist's rendering, NASA\n    Planet Nine may not exist after all - space science news\n\n    Astronomers have come up with a new theory to explain why a minor planet called Sedna and a handful of other bodies look separated from the rest of the solar system. While previous theories posited the existence of an as yet undiscovered planet at the outer edges of our solar system, Planet Nine, the new theory states that the odd orbits of Sedna and the other objects are the result of these objects colliding with each other. In other words, the gravity of all the objects together is the determining factor here, and not a mysterious planet.\n\n    Read the full story: University of Colorado Boulder\n    Scientific publication: American Astronomical Society – 232nd Meeting, Denver\n\n    121 distant planets very likely have moons that could host extraterrestrial life\n    Over 100 planets have moons that could support life - science news\n\n    A research team scrutinized the data obtained by the Kepler space telescope, looking for exoplanets located in habitable zones. They discovered 121 giant gas planets, like Saturn and Jupiter, located just right for life to develop. The planets themselves are unlikely to support any life, but their moons might. The presence of the moons has not been yet confirmed due to technological limitations. However, considering that in our solar system alone, there are 175 known moons orbiting the planets, it is very likely the moons are there, and they are promising candidates for life to develop.\n\n    Read the full story: University of California, Riverside\n    Scientific publication: The Astrophysical Journal\n\n    Analysis of images captured in July 2015 by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft and subsequent computer modelling revealed the presence of dunes on Pluto. The dunes are formed by a process of sublimation of nitrogen (solid nitrogen of Pluto’s surface converting into gas), which pushes sand-sized grains of methane ice cristals into the atmosphere. These are then transported by the moderate winds on Pluto to the border of the Sputnik Planitia ice plain and mountain range to form the dunes.\n\n    Read the full story: University of Plymouth\n    Scientific publication: Science\n\n    Using supercomputers researchers are trying to achieve realistic simulations of black holes\n    Supercomputer helps scientists better understand black holes - science news in brief\n\n    We now know a lot about black holes, however, there are still many mysteries surrounding them. In order to shed some light on the unknown behaviors in different scenarios, scientists turned to supercomputers. They are using a new generation of “exascale” computers able to calculate the gravitational waves of black holes with high accuracy and speed. This is a step forward for realistic simulations that will eventually allow scientists to understand what happens during particular astronomical events, like the collision of two black holes.\n\n    Read the full story: ScienceBriefss\n    Scientific publication: Physical Review D\n\n    Physicists plan to use the International Space Station to test the effects of gravity of entangled quantum particles\n    Scientists to test fundamental nature of quantum mechanics in space - science news in brief - space\n\n    An international team of scientists is planning to investigate some important aspects of the quantum mechanics in space. More precisely, they want to use the International Space Station (ISS) to understand whether gravity can affect a quantum state of light over large distances by firing entangled pairs of photons from a ground station to the ISS. The experimental space mission, named QUEST, has been submitted as a research proposal to the European Space Agency (ESA). If approved, the tests could begin by early 2020s.\n\n    Read the full story: PhysicsWorld\n    Scientific publication: New Journal of Physics\n\n    The SOFIA flying laboratory will be equipped with a new type of laser and sent to detect infrared signals. Credit: NASA/USRA\n    The SOFIA flying laboratory will be equipped with a new type of laser and sent to detect infrared signals. Credit: NASA/USRA - science news in brief\n\n    A team of researchers has developed a special laser able to detect weak signals from space. Called a quantum cascade laser, the device can pick up infrared signals and separate them from the background noise. Normally, these types of signals are very weak, thus difficult to detect. The laser system has been loaded on a modified Boeing 747SP which is a NASA flying laboratory. The plane will fly in the stratosphere of our planet aiming to detect infrared signals from space, in a quest to gain insight into how stars are forming in our galaxy.\n\n    Read the full story: ETH Zurich\n\n    The NASA/German Research Centre for Geosciences GRACE Follow-On spacecraft launch onboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, Tuesday, May 22, 2018, from Space Launch Complex 4E at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Credits: NASA/Bill Ingalls\n    Space mission launched to study water movement on Earth - science news in brief\n\n    NASA just launched a twin spacecraft in space to track how water moves on Earth and how the mass of our planet changes. Including the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) modules, this is a joint NASA/German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) mission. Over its five-year mission, GRACE-FO will monitor the movement of mass around our planet by measuring where and how the moving mass changes Earth's gravitational pull. The gravity changes cause the distance between the two satellites to vary slightly. Although the two satellites orbit 137 miles (220 kilometers) apart, advanced instruments continuously measure their separation to within the width of a human red blood cell.\n\n    Read the full story: ScienceBriefss\n\n    Subscribe to our mailing list\n\n    * indicates required", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5896289944648743}
+{"content": "New! Transcripts\n\nApr 30, 20182:30pm EDT1 hour\nTake a look at setting up transcripts in the MMS Portals. This transcript can be made available to the CR Family Portal as well as the Teacher and Staff Portals. Generate a multi-year transcript with demographics, school information, academic standing, activities, and more. Opt to include final averages for prior years and ongoing term grades for the current year. You will also learn how to include standardized testing.\n\nThank you for registering!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7670822739601135}
+{"content": "Weekly #AI Digest: From Human AI to Creative #AI\n\nHere are some quick links to some of the key news and events for AI in the last one week.\n\n“Over time I think we will probably see a closer merger of biological intelligence and digital intelligence,” – Elon Musk, Founder for Neuralink\n\n\nTo keep Human Being relevant as AI grows, Elon Musk has started giving more details about Neuralink, the new startup he has launched. He further says that it is inspired by Skynet and cyborgs kind of scenario. One needs Consensual Telepathy to achieve the goals that we set out for AI. There is a need to merge the ‘Biological Intelligence’ with ‘Digital Intelligence’.\n\nBiological Intelligence Needs to Merge with Digital Intelligence\n\nThis means in our lifetime we are going to see an emergence of machines like was seen in Terminator movie series.\n\nWhile, what happens next remains unknown, AI has made further inroads into the creative world.  With Font Map, IDEO used neural networks to build a new way to identify the right font based on the creative work to be done. This way, the engineers there circumvented the creative mind’s bias towards the Serif, Sans Serif and other popular fonts from their past.\n\n\nLearn more about the work done by IDEO team at the link below:\n\nIDEO Team uses NN to identify the right font map for their work.\n\nClosing AI video pick for this week is below. Happy Reading 🙂\n\nWould Bahubali spill Blood on D-Street? This Probabilistic Model says so…\n\nIndian Movie Industry(combination of Bollywood, Tollywood, Mollywood and few other woods) is among the most vibrant content creator industries serving to a very smart and astute customer. The Indian movie fans take the movie business very seriously. Its a very competitive field both for the artists and actors as well as the production houses, the directors and cinema halls. With a very short shelf life, movies are a very interesting and extremely fast paced product. Of course this makes movies a market of choice for lot of studies and when mega events happen, we watch them closely.\n\nOne such event is happening on April 28th with release of the concluding part of the 2015 mega period blockbuster movie Bahubali.\n\n\nEver since its release in 2015, the word Baahubali (meaning the liberated soul with strong arms) is used in everyday conversation to emphasize greatness. It is a classic David vs. Goliath story. There are even a number of jokes and whatsapp forwards going around over why Katappa, one of the loyal slaves of the protagonist Bahubali kill his master as was left shown – but reason untold – in the first version. The conclusion part will answer this question.  When such events happen, the whole society is on a lookout.\n\nNow stock markets are no exception to such events. After all, behind all the algorithms and terminals, it is the human being operating them. People feel good when there are such mega events happening, just as sorrow and fear grips the markets when any bad news arrives. There is euphoria with what we call as the ‘Adrenaline Rush’.\n\nContinue reading “Would Bahubali spill Blood on D-Street? This Probabilistic Model says so…”\n\nApril Mid-week AI News Roundup\n\nLast week’s round up on the AI news. Some key announcements:\n\n  1. Jeff Bezos told the investors about Day 1 and how Amazon.com is bracing AI to bring it more closer to the customer every day. Here is a link to his letter to the shareholders.\n  2. Infosys announced its plan to further sharpen its focus on automation and machine learning.  Read more here.\n  3. There is a growing concern that the AI algorithms can be deflected and influenced by racial and gender biases. In the two articles below, Science Magazine and BBC Tech group explore more.\n\n‘The advent of automation, increasingly powered by machine-learning software, has also prompted clients to ask that their orders be fulfilled with fewer human staff, hitting the IT companies’ revenues based on time spent and number of people employed to fulfil the orders.’ – Vishal Sikka, CEO, Infosys\n\nVideo pick for the week:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9265006184577942}
+{"content": "You want the editors which are considering your work for potential publication to sense drawn in by your composing type, […]\n\nDetecting the correct minute to interject a concept or take care of a difficulty is always a consideration. Maintain period […]\n\nHow to Sexually Arouse a lady Hair Colors: auburn black blonde light brown brownish red grey that is white A […]", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5721193552017212}
+{"content": "Subscribe to Mic Daily\nWe’ll send you a rundown of the top five stories every day\n\nJorge Mario Bergoglio, a humble seminary student from Buenos Aires, was unaware while he was studying theology that his revolutionary worldviews would go on to influence the future of Latin American politics.\n\nBergoglio, the son of Italian emigrants who fled to Argentina during the advent of Mussolini’s fascism, became Pope Francis last March and has since refashioned the image of the Catholic Church in Latin America.     \n\nFrom denouncing the propagation of rampant and unregulated, free-market capitalism to unabashedly accepting the spiritual redemption of atheists and gays, Pope Francis has shifted the sentiments of the Vatican to the left of the political spectrum.\n\nHis respect for the fiscally impoverished and his messages of tolerance for non-traditional lifestyles have caught the attention of political leaders around the world, especially in Latin America. Many countries within that region have historically based gay marriage and abortion legislation on the values of the Catholic Church.\n\nWhile Pope Francis might not be in total compliance with all aspects of revolutionary leftist politics, his views certainly stray from outdated notions of gender norms, sexuality, and strict adherence to religious principles long promulgated by the notoriously conservative Vatican.\n\nAnd with a large, predominately Catholic population of poor people who support expanded social and economic welfare programs, Latin America is a naturally receptive place for Pope Francis’ political views, which are expected to become determining factors in upcoming elections.\n\nPope Francis' reconciliation of religion and socialism, which were divorced from each other as traditional Marxist-Leninist ideology became more popular during the Cold War, represents the resurgence of liberation theology and Christian populism in Latin American politics. Some have even gone as far as saying his politics resemble those of slain Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero, whose canonization Pope Francis supports.\n\nConservative political parties in Latin America headlining candidates with harsh views against homosexuality, social programs for the poor, and the empowerment of women will become increasingly unpopular as many Latin Americans will continue to base their ballot selections on the politics of Pope Francis.\n\nChile and Honduras will both hold presidential elections at the end of this year, for example, and the candidates with the best polling numbers happen to be those who are strongly supportive of Pope Francis’ political views: Michelle Bachelet of Chile’s Partido Socialista has an approval rating of 84% while Xiomara Castro de Zelaya of Honduras’ Partido Libertad y Refundación leads the race with over 25% of those questioned in a poll saying they would vote for her.\n\nUltimately, Pope Francis’ left-leaning political views are gaining traction in Latin America and will be crucial in the decision-making process of voters in upcoming elections.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8988168239593506}
+{"content": "Fans of the Legend of Zelda (LoZ) series have been waiting six years for the newest console title in the series and “The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (BoW)” has made that wait worthwhile.\n\nBoW takes gamers into the ruins of the kingdom of Hyrule. Calamity Ganon, the newest incarnation of Link’s immortal foe, destroyed the kingdom 100 years ago in an event that almost ended Link’s life. Now resurrected and without his memories, Link awakens in Hyrule and is tasked with stopping Ganon once more. How Link does so is completely up to the gamer.\n\nPlayers can break away from the norms of a Zelda title and play the game any way they want. One can finish the introductory tutorial and go straight for the final boss or they could free up the Divine Beasts (ancient machines designed to take down Calamity Ganon), clear shrines to enhance Link’s life force and stamina, find the Master Sword, recover all of Link’s lost memories, find ability-enhancing clothes that complement their playstyle and fully prepare themselves for the climatic final boss fight. The approach and order is entirely interchangeable.\n\nIf one decides to prepare themselves, they better be ready to tackle the terrain. Wide open fields, raging rivers, and skyscraping plateaus come together to create a well-crafted open world, one that has climbed the ranks as one of the biggest ever created.\n\nLittered across this landscape are dozens of wildlife and plants for Link to hunt or gather. In order to survive in the diverse climates, gamers must collect supplies and cook them up in order to acquire their beneficial effects and to restore some life energy.\n\nLink no longer has a set inventory of items. While adventuring, he must scavenge for lost weapons left on the battlefield, in chests, or take them from his defeated enemies. His arsenal has expanded as much as the world has, allowing him to wield swords, bows, spears, scimitars, boomerangs and more coming in dozens of varieties, designs, effects and durability.\n\nThe game offers a fresh take on the franchise. It may have sacrificed many key aspects of the franchise like dungeons, a set green tunic and a linear storyline, but nothing that was taken away ended up breaking the game.\n\nThe complete freedom to take on the game however one chooses allows for everyone to face the challenges in a way that is enjoyable for them. They’re still faced with witty puzzles while also having enemies able to kill Link in one hit.\n\nNot to mention, the world is designed beautifully and, when played on the Nintendo Switch, plays flawlessly with little to no lag apart from a few frame drops. Discovering new areas is always rewarding, and it is easy to get sidetracked from Point A to B with many side quests and hidden areas bound to be along the way.\n\nIGN has hit the nail on the head with their review of BoW: “10… Masterpiece.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9377729296684265}
+{"content": "Want Inner Fulfillment? Lead a Value-Based Life\n\nFor as long as the topic of happiness has been studied, there has been a corresponding theory that states one can only truly be satisfied with life if they are inwardly happy with themselves. To be happy with yourself individually without reliance on anything or anyone else, is a complex topic (and much of the inspo behind my career path!) Today, I am talking about one specific solution to leading a life of greater happiness.\n\nThis is known as living a ‘values-based life.’ Values are things that you believe are important in your life and work. The thoughts you think, the emotions you feel and the actions you take can all be more purposefully channeled to enhance your overall level of happiness. As simple as this sounds, this kind of life model takes focused effort to consciously and actively operate in a mode where each choice you make is fully aligned with your top priorities. I'm talking small, medium and large choices - even things as simple as accepting an invitation for drinks with a co-worker because every action we take has an impact on our wellbeing.\n\n“Having a strong sense of what matters to you, and letting your values guide your actions can lead to greater happiness,” says psychologist Susan David. Values are things like fairness, accountability, faith, generosity, honesty, creativity, humility or being family-oriented. They are attributes or traits that lead to a sense of fulfillment, pride, happiness and satisfaction.\n\nWhen we don’t live in a way that connects to our values, we behave in a way that will eventually lead to stress, conflict and dissatisfaction. An example: I’ve decided one of my top values is creativity. The act of being creative fulfills my soul, is a source of positive energy and makes me feel good. Accepting a co-workers invitation for drinks on the Wednesday night that I usually reserve for writing (the only night I have free for this activity), would most likely create inner conflict and contribute to some discontent later in the week.\n\nAnother example, if I value family, but I’m working 60-hour weeks, chances are I’ll feel stress and internal conflict for not having the autonomy to spend more time with my loved ones. \n\nAgain, this heightened sense of living is a commitment and can be a mindset that takes willingness, time and practice to cultivate. There will definitely be those times when we are tempted to stray from our values – which is OK on occasion and treated with self-compassion.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9987391829490662}
+{"content": "Our Stories Can Save Us, by Eric Witchey\n\n\nOur Stories Can Save Us, by Eric Witchey\n\nHuman survival depends on how we manage our relationship with four, fundamental variables. The variables aren’t really in dispute, but the amount of time we have in which to change our relationship to them is. Simply put, the four variables are as follows:\n\n  1. We live in a fragile, closed system, a little blue marble called Earth.\n  2. Earth has finite resources: biodiversity, air, water, minerals, fossil fuels, etc.\n  3. We have unchecked population growth.\n  4. We rely on growth-based economies.\n\nYes, yes… I know. Solar radiation enters the system. There’s some hope there. However, we aren’t making new materials. We aren’t adding iron ore to our planet. We aren’t increasing the amount of natural gas and oil in the ground. We aren’t somehow magically manufacturing more water to add to the poisoned water and water ecosystems in a way that will fundamentally change the direction of the deterioration arrow.\n\nThe four variables stand, but we argue endlessly about what we should do to lengthen the time we have before those four variables result in an extinction level crash.\n\nNote that I say extinction level crash and not the end of the world. As my astute Physicist brother once told me, “Human beings aren’t going to end the world. We will only end ourselves. The planet was here long before we were, and it will be here long after we are gone.”\n\nAnd now you’re wondering how the four variables relate to writing.\n\nWell, it’s like this. Telling stories is an ancient tradition that goes all the way back to the beginnings of language use. We erect monkeys have always told stories. We tell them to ourselves to justify stealing bananas from one another. We tell them to our friends and family to create bonding in social systems. We tell them to one another to make sure mistakes aren’t repeated and to ensure that our tribe thrives. One of the most common themes in the stories we have told throughout time is the theme of our village being better than their village. Every hero has a nemesis.\n\nWant to see that theme playing out in a modern social context in America? Go to any Friday or Saturday night high school football game in the country. Observe the cheering, the colors, and the parking lot fights.\n\nHarmless, right? Maybe. The value of team sports debate isn’t what this little blog is about. The point is that the “us vs. them” story is there to see. You can even observe the symbolic battle over land resources playing out on the field.\n\nDon’t get me wrong, here. I love a good game. That’s really not the point. The purpose and value of story is the point.\n\nStory telling is the easiest thing we do. It is also the most complex thing we do as human beings. Putting together a solid narrative, especially on paper, has more in common with interacting wave forms on the surface of the Pacific Ocean than it does with the linear, deceptive advice given to creative writing students. We put the little black squiggles in a row, and that creates an illusion of linear activity; however, the squiggles are just the medium of transfer for the story. The story in one mind is transferred through the little black squiggles into the mind of another person. Minds, unfortunately, are not so linear. They are messy places. They are endless impulses layered and ever changing, arranging, and rearranging into patterns that somehow magically become mind—thought, personality, memory, dreams, hopes, beliefs, learning, and maybe even soul.\n\nOkay, I’m not all that sure about the last one. I have some opinions on what soul is, but I won’t go there in this blog entry. Maybe another time.\n\nStory is, however, the human mind generating a dream-like experience based on sensory input. No two people read the same story quite the same way. No two people write a story quite the same way. Let’s just set aside the fact that no two people have the same life experiences. That, by itself, is enough to prove the last point. However, the endless shifts in levels of neurotransmitters, the organization of dendritic networks, the infinitesimal distances between axons and dendrites, the hormonal and electrical potentials, and the endless layering of all of these things and many more means that it is impossible for each of us to experience what any other person is experiencing when we hear or read a story.\n\nYes, we all tell stories. We all know that stories are essential to our survival. We all know that we are alive today because someone, somewhere way back in the dim past figured out how to tell a story that included the idea that a sharp stick held at the dull end can keep you alive a little longer than no stick at all.\n\nWe told stories to keep our families alive. We told stories to keep our tribes alive. We told stories to make sure everyone in our tribe knew how to behave to ensure that we would thrive. We told stories to explain things that made us uncomfortable because worrying too much about the bright lights in the sky meant we weren’t planting and reaping and breeding. We told stories to make sure that members of our tribe didn’t kill other members of our tribe, but it was totally okay to kill members of any other tribe trying to kill our mammoths.\n\nThese stories are part of who we are. They must change if we want to survive.\n\nEvery person on Earth lives in a closed system with finite resources, unchecked population growth, and growth-based economies. Any decision, personal or political, that does not mitigate or eliminate one or more of those four variables is a tacit agreement to genocide.\n\nSadly, we still tell ourselves stories that reinforce tribal behaviors like breeding means healthy tribes, acquisition of resources means more for us, control of territory means we are strong, and us vs. them.\n\nYet, as there has always been, there is some hope because of story tellers, shamans of the written word, wizards of the wave form and the mind.\n\nIf a corporation, government, or individual is telling a story that supports the use of growth-based economy in an ever-shrinking world, they are telling a story that asks millions of people to sacrifice their futures for short-term profit. If any organization tells a tale of policy that will increase population growth without providing compensating increases in resources for the new human beings, they are telling a tale of death for others. If we see a story on the news or on our feeds and it talks of the terrible crimes of protestors attempting to stop pollution, then we are seeing mercenary story-tellers attempt to shorten the time of humanity on this little rock.\n\nFor those of us who tell stories for entertainment and edification, fiction writers, we have an obligation to create stories that become viral in a way that suggests new modes of survival.\n\nHeroism has at times been described as the successful search for the grail, and the grail has always been associated with healing and abundance. The stories of today, no less than the stick-holding stories of ten thousand years ago, are about creating visions for survival of the tribe. The only real difference is that the tribe is larger and more complex than it has ever been. We are one tribe that spans the entire Earth.\n\nStory telling and story receiving are more complex than the interaction of wave forms on the surface of the Pacific Ocean. However, human beings have always been built to do this amazing thing—to share tales that will help us all survive. Those of us who tell the tales must step up and tell the stories that lead the imaginations of the members of our tribe to an understanding that holding the blunt end of the new pointy stick means having the ability to embrace people who don’t, and physiologically should never be expected to, think the way we do. We must tell the tales that show that every drop of water on this planet is sacred, that every hole we dig hurts us, that every child we force into the world must be fed, and that taking in order to have more means hurting people who will, by direct causal effect, have less.\n\nLook carefully at every story produced and presented. Find the four variables in each tale. Does that story help slow population growth? Does that story reduce our dependence on the market growth that drives economies? Does that story slow the rate of use of nonrenewable resources? Does that story open the world to distant horizons so that our system, and the minds within it, are no longer closed?\n\n\nCulture in Writing\n\n\nCulture—ever ponder that word when beginning to write a story or when you can’t seem to find a way to fix a current work in progress? As I contemplated this word, I realized the books I can’t put down until my eyelids droop immerse me completely in the web of culture surrounding the characters, which populate the story I am reading. So much so, when I look up from the page I have to reacquaint myself with the fact that I am in the year 2014 and not say in 1830, or remind myself I don’t have to light a candle against the setting sun, but can merely flip a switch.\n\nThe word culture has several definitions, but I am using the word as it refers to the ways in which people perceive, interpret and understand the world around them; their social practices of customs, rituals, beliefs and habits passed down from one generation to the next. This definition gives identity to a particular group, ethnic heritage or geographical habitat.\n\nWriters are taught one of the main components of a good story is the setting in which we the writer place our reader. It is our responsibility to ground the reader in place and time. Not only do I relish this when reading a great story, I’ve found I can accomplish this in my own writing, by using the culture, which permeated my childhood.\n\nMy short stories are often labeled as southern gothic. This is not surprising when you discover I grew up in the deep southern portion of Louisiana, where my mother and sisters still live. My childhood drips with rituals of voodoo, served up right alongside heavy helpings of holy water, saints and the black and white habits worn by the nuns who taught me in catholic school. Yes, the culture of the south flows thick and slow in my veins, much like the murky water of the swamps surrounding my childhood home.\n\nI’ve just returned from a week’s vacation, where I soaked up the culture of southern Louisiana once again. I peeled crawfish tails from a steaming pile boiled up by my nephew. I ate cheesy grits, fried okra, cracklin’s and persimmon cake. I drank deep, rich Community coffee. I applied copious amounts of salve on bug bites, as the tropical heat breed’s bugs of every sort and my now northern skin, is no longer immune to their punctures. I danced in an old time honky-tonk—La Poussiere—to the sounds of an accordion and fiddle while the singer belted out songs in Cajun French. I visited childhood haunts, like the seawall I used to traverse in Morgan City (it didn’t break during Katrina) and the last home where my sisters and I resided together as a family, with its 12-foot ceilings (it did not fare so well after a hurricane knocked it off its foundation). When I boarded the plane to fly back to Oregon, if there had been a device to weigh the culture I was returning with—culture, I will use to weave many more Southern Gothic tales—I would’ve been very much over the weight limit.\n\nSo, what culture is the setting anchoring your stories? What past clings to your characters and their ancestors? What foods do they eat, clothes do they where? What bugs crawl in the corners of their homes? What weather plagues generation after generation?\n\nI am most fortunate I’m allowed to reconnect with the customs featured in my writing. So what if you can’t visit the locale of your latest story or novel? Well, you can sit in the comfort of your own home and delve into it by studying its history through other’s stories, music, art, news articles, etc., and don’t think just because you write science fiction or fantasy you are exempt from the customs of say, fairies. There is a very distinct culture followers of the fey will demand you adhere to. Why even this newer genre of steampunk has its own unique traditions and ways of life.\n\nMuch like actors who assume in real life, the fictional roles they portray on the screen, our characters must live and breath in the environment, which informs their many decisions. We writers are weavers of story. With the right setting, how much more vibrant and rich is the tapestry from which our characters spring?\n\nCulture—when I look up from reading a page of your story, will I still be in the year 2014? If so, I hope that is where you intended me to be.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9415686726570129}
+{"content": "Natasha Henstridge's Height\n\nNatasha Henstridge's height is 5 feet and 9.5 inches. That's 69.5 inches tall.\n\nOr in metric units, Natasha Henstridge is 177 centimetres. That's 1 metre and 77 centimetres.\n\nNatasha Henstridge is 6 centimetres (2.5 inches) taller than the average celebrity (the average is 171 centimetres, 5 feet 7 inches or 67 inches tall).\n\nNatasha's Name\n\nDid you know that the name Natasha was the 581st most popular girl's name in 2013 and that around 3 in every 10,000 baby girls were named Natasha at their birth.\n\nPeople The Same Height As Natasha Henstridge\n\nThere are 197 people the same height as Natasha Henstridge:\n\nRelative Heights\n\nHow tall is Natasha Henstridge compared to the average person?\n\nAnd how tall are you?\n\nNatasha Henstridge\n5ft 9.5in tall\n\nAverage Person\n5ft 7in tall\n\nChoose A Celebrity\n\nTallest And Shortest\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7140331268310547}
+{"content": "Trouble generating ofxFaceTracker examples in version 0.9.0?\n\n\nHas anyone else had trouble building examples from addons in the new version for example ofxFaceTracker keeps giving the error undeclared identifier in ofxFaceTracker.cpp file, which is strange because I went through all the proper steps to build the example and the library works in other versions I have. Anyone else have this issue?\n\n\nHey there, can you walk through all the steps you used to get the error?\n\n\nsure, for this particular addon I downloaded and unzipped the file from\ngit, dragged it into my addons folder, rebuilt all the files in the project\ngenerator, dragged the model folder into the bin/data folder and ran it in\ndebug mode", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.997452974319458}
+{"content": "The Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School in New York defines the word “negligence” as the “failure to behave with the level of care that someone of ordinary prudence would have exercised under the same circumstances.\n\nThe behavior usually consists of actions, but can also consist of omissions when there is some duty to act (e.g., a duty to help victims of one’s previous conduct).”\n\nNegligence is an action, or a failure to take action, when someone “owes” a legal “duty” to another person. For example, a supermarket’s managers and staff have a duty to maintain safe and hazard-free aisles for their shoppers.\n\nA shopper who slips on a spilled liquid that has not been cleaned up quickly and who thus breaks an arm or a leg may have a legitimate negligence claim against the supermarket, which failed its duty to the shopper. This is where our medical malpractice lawyers can help.\n\n\nSimilarly, drivers “owe” the other drivers on the road a “duty” to drive soberly, and if an intoxicated driver injures you, you will probably have a strong negligence claim. Whenever the result of an accident is an injury, immediate medical attention must be your first concern. After seeing a doctor, seeing a personal injury lawyer should come next.\n\nTo prevail with a personal injury claim in the state of California, an injury victim (called the “plaintiff”) must prove each of the following elements about an accident in order ultimately to prove that the allegedly negligent party (called the “defendant”) was in fact negligent:\n\n  • The defendant had a duty to the plaintiff, and the defendant breached that duty.\n  • The breach of duty resulted in the plaintiff’s injury or injuries.\n  • The defendant should have foreseen the possible result of the breach of duty.\n  • The plaintiff suffered actual, quantifiable damages.\n\n\nThe legal definitions of negligence do not vary much from one state to another, but when the negligence that causes an accident with injuries is “shared” negligence – that is, when both parties in an accident are partly at fault, which is quite common in traffic collisions – the law in California will allow an injury victim/plaintiff to sue for the percentage of damages that are allegedly the responsibility of the defendant.\n\nLet’s say, for example, that you are speeding, but not excessively, and you drive as you normally would through a green traffic light. While it’s in the intersection, your vehicle is hit by a vehicle driven by an intoxicated motorist who was exceeding the speed limit egregiously.\n\nA jury might decide that because you were speeding, you were 25 percent responsible for your own injury or injuries, but the other driver’s intoxication, excessive speed, and reckless running through a red light make that driver 75 percent responsible for your injury or injuries.\n\nTheoretically, that driver should then have to pay for three-quarters of your medical bills, lost wages, and related losses.\n\nEveryone has a “duty” to drive carefully and to refrain from putting other persons in harm’s way. In some instances, however, there may be additional specific duties, such as the duty of a business owner, an innkeeper, or a taxicab driver to provide a safe, hazard-free location for conducting business.\n\nProfessionals such as physicians and attorneys are required to exercise the duties and to maintain the standards of care set by their professions and by their professional licensing boards.\n\nWhen a professional fails to uphold such a standard and an injury is the result, a professional person may be liable for medical or legal malpractice resulting from negligence.\n\nWhen you file a personal injury lawsuit in Southern California with the help of an experienced Pasadena personal injury attorney, lawyers on each side begin compiling and examining evidence in what is referred to as the “discovery” process.\n\nDiscovery may include “interrogatories” (with witnesses answering written questions) and “depositions” (with witnesses answering questions in person and under oath). During and after the discovery process, personal injury claims are often settled by the attorneys in out-of-court negotiations. Rarely do personal injury cases actually go to trial.\n\n\nWhen a personal injury action is successful, the plaintiff receives what the law calls “damages” – compensation for current and future medical bills and for current and future lost wages and lost earning capacity.\n\nDamages may also include compensation for current and future physical pain, emotional suffering, and what the law calls the “loss of enjoyment of life.” The precise amount of the damages paid in any particular case will depend on the type and extent of the injury or injuries sustained.\n\nTime limits called “statutes of limitations” are set by law to restrict the length of time someone has to take legal action after being injured by negligence. In this state, for most personal injury claims, there is a two-year statute of limitations, and although there are some limited exceptions, you must not wait two years to act.\n\nIf you are injured by negligence in Southern California, put a Pasadena personal injury attorney on the case at once. The sooner your attorney can review the evidence and talk to the witnesses, the more likely it is that your legal action will prevail.\n\nA good California personal injury lawyer will give you frank, impartial legal advice based on years of personal injury experience. In fact, you might receive some advice that you didn’t expect. If you can’t prove your claim, for example, or if a defendant has no insurance or other resources to pay damages with, a personal injury attorney will probably dissuade you from filing a lawsuit.\n\nWhen you’ve been injured by someone else’s negligence, you have a genuine personal injury claim. If you can prove it, and if the defendant is insured or is personally able to pay damages, whether or not to proceed with a lawsuit is still your choice and yours alone.\n\nWith your attorney’s guidance, you’ll have to weigh the pros and cons of filing a claim. If you are injured by negligence, an experienced personal injury attorney will explain those pros and cons and will help you to understand how California’s complicated negligence laws apply in your own case.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9801194667816162}
+{"content": "5 simple steps to regain your power\n\nThe ultimate \"how to\" made easy!\n\nIn today’s day of age, stressors and stimuli can be found pretty much everywhere. Between the lapses of activities, one can find themselves constantly preoccupied with the hustle and bustle of everyday living. Do you constantly find yourself feeling like you don’t have control over your life? That you find your self-wanting some downtime but never truly receiving it? If so, you may have lost your power. And no I’m not talking about some grandiose “superpower” we all have access to this source of energy if we looked in the right places. With this power, you can regain your peace, and life becomes a whole lot less chaotic. If applied correctly and with intent, these 5 simple steps can bring you closer to your dream life no matter who you are and what it is you truly want. LOL, that’s the greatest part about being “YOU” when you apply these powerful methods you are going to receive tailored results to match your greatest good! Still, don’t believe? Read on. \n\nStep 1 \n\n\nThis one is SO important, people waste so much time worrying about what someone else is thinking. This is about as wasteful as you can be, first off let me just tell you that humans have over a thousand thoughts in one day. And don’t let no one try and convince you otherwise… people aren’t usually thinking about what you think they’re thinking about. Whew, that was complicated; just talking about it is exhausting. When people voice there thoughts this is what is manifested into an opinion. And EVERYONE has one, which is why you should forget about them, all of them and trust your self and your intuition. People change their minds daily and are their thoughts are constantly being filtered by there unique experiences. Now I’m not saying to ignore all warnings, sometimes a wisdom nugget has been placed on our consciousness but PLEASE don’t go into a frenzy over what people tell you should do. Simply take a step back and ask your self, how do YOU feel and what is it that will really make you HAPPY. Follow that and forget the rest, do this as often as you can to regain your power. \n\nStep 2\n\n\nNow I don’t care what you believe in, whether you are Christian, Buddhist, Islamic, Hindu or the universe. It really doesn’t matter what you believe in you gotta stop trying to figure everything out by yourself. It’s a beautiful thing to believe in something greater, but have you actually decided to TRUST in that something greater? Have you ever tried? Have you genuinely asked for guidance, or prayed? I promise you it seems simple. But you have to make it a habit, nothing will ever work using it once in a blue moon. Literally just asking the higher energy for a GUIDANCE can be so useful. Praying and removing faith based off of your human abilities and moving into this power that can flow through you if you allow it. PRAY and TALK to this power often become best friends with this, and watch your life change.  Do this to regain your power, repeat often.  \n\nStep 3\n\n\nTo my knowledge time never stops; our daily living is a continuation of events, places to be, people to meet, work, school, kids etc. So we can all make the excuse of not having enough time. Hey, even the bum sitting on the couch all day long and night can say they don’t have enough time either. The fact of the matter is that we make time for what we want. Most of the time we are just reacting to life happening to us. We react out of an emotional state never logically analyzing the situation. It would help our emotional state if we did this. The greatest part of this is that you can change your circumstances at a given point in your life if you truly wanted to. Make time for what you like to do, but if you don’t have an idea of what that is then you should start by getting to know yourself. Sitting in silence, praying even if it’s just locking yourself in the bedroom for 5 mins. Try new things, like painting or martial arts, go learn a new language or sit in a bath for 20 mins. The point is to find out what you need to do in order to take care of yourself. At first anything new is strange so like anything else makes it a habit. Make YOU a priority. Repeat this as often as you can to regain your power. \n\nStep 4  \n\n\nBeing grateful for things in your life is a sure fire way to regain your power. When we are grateful for the little things in life God gives us more. When we are spoiled and bratty we will receive less abundance in our lives, and in turn, live a not so fulfilling life. Being ungrateful is the quickest way to turn blind to all the wonderful miracles that make life so magical. Gratitude is a humbling practice, it can instantly elevate your mood and literally make you think and see differently. As long as you woke up today you have many reasons to be grateful so don’t think you don’t. If you find yourself feeling like all things are out of control, go back to practicing gratitude. Repeat often for best results. \n\nStep 5\n\n\nIts really easy to get sucked into the negative aspects of life, because trust me there is always negative things to focus on. But all this does is lower the vibration that you are emanating and allowing more negative crap to fill your mind. You’re in control of your thoughts they don’t own you. So its natural to be pessimistic about things from time to time but the key is to interject these negative thoughts and replace them with more good. So let’s say you had one negative thought replace with 3 positive thoughts. Yes at first it will feel weird and uncomfortable do it anyways. Practicing awareness of your daily thoughts will make it easier to interject and form positive thinking habits. The power of our thoughts are greatly underestimated and the power behind changing the polarity of your thoughts is even grander than we are aware of. So if you ever feel powerless understand you have this choice always. Repeat often, every day actually and you will regain your power. I promise. \n\n\nThe power you receive after you make these 5 steps are life-changing. And you don’t need any money to start any of these steps. In fact, you don’t need anything but yourself and the actual will to start. So start now, start right where you are. Practice makes your skill set stronger. I’ve chosen these steps because they embody simplicity, and can really get you going no matter who you are or where life has landed you. I’ve used them and they have worked and I can’t even begin to tell you how many times life has left me powerless. I look back to these great key points and instantly changes my world again. They are simple and they are foolproof. So go, reclaim your power. I believe in you. \n\n\nSign up for the Thrive Global newsletter\n\nWill be used in accordance with our privacy policy.\n\nThrive Global\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8132714033126831}
+{"content": "Marcus Aurelius Timeline\n\nSearch Results\n\nVisual Timeline\n\n\n\n120 CE 130 CE 140 CE 150 CE 160 CE 170 CE 180 CE  \n121 CE - 180 CE: Life of Marcus Aurelius.\n132 CE: Marcus Aurelius is introduced to philosophy by his teacher Diognetus.\n138 CE: Marcus Aurelius adopted by Antoninus Pius as successor.\n145 CE: Marcus Aurelius marries Faustina, daughter of Antoninus Pius.\n161 CE - 166 CE: Parthian Wars with Rome; Lucius Verus commands Rome's forces in the field.\n161 CE - 180 CE: Reign of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius.\n161 CE - 169 CE: Marcus Aurelius rules with Lucius Verus.\n162 CE - 166 CE: Marcus Aurelius persecutes new sect of Christianity.\n166 CE: Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius celebrate a shared triumph, both are hailed as Pater Patriae.\n168 CE: Germanic tribes cross the Danube into the Roman Empire.\n169 CE: Lucius Verus dies.\n169 CE - 177 CE: Marcus Aurelius rules alone.\n170 CE - 180 CE: Marcus Aurelius leads campaigns against the Germanic tribes; writes his famous Meditations.\n175 CE: Marcus Aurelius tours eastern provinces of empire; his wife Faustina dies.\n176 CE: A huge bronze statue of Marcus Aurelius on horseback is erected in Rome.\n177 CE - 180 CE: Marcus Aurelius rules with Commodus.\n180 CE: The Column of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina is erected in Rome. It depicts in relief sculpture the emperors' campaigns across the Danube.\n120 CE 130 CE 140 CE 150 CE 160 CE 170 CE\n\nTimeline Search\n\n\nRemove Ads", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999850392341614}
+{"content": "Evolution Of Human Resource Management\n\n2625 Words Apr 22nd, 2015 11 Pages\nThis case study covers the evolution of human resource management and discusses current issues and trends in the field. Changes in orientation, such as changes from personnel to human resources, administration to management, and human relations to organizational effectiveness, are covered. Utilizing the concepts and technology described can greatly improve the effectiveness of any human resources department. Ideas for future research and practice are also suggested. Evolution of Human Resource Management\nKey principles and practices associated with Human Resource Management date back as early as 1000and 2000 B.C. Employee screening tests have been traced back to 1115 B.C. in China and the earliest form of industrial education, the apprentice system, was started in ancient Greek and Babylonian civilizations before gaining prominence during medieval times. Since the inception of modern management theory, the terminology used to describe the role and function of workers has evolved from \"personnel\" to \"industrial relations\" to \"employee relations\" to \"human resources.\"\nThe need for an organized form of HRM emerged during the industrial revolution, as the United States shifted from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy, companies were forced to develop and implement effective ways of recruiting and keeping skilled workers. In addition, industrialization helped spur immigration, as the country opened its borders to fill industrial positions. Filling…\nOpen Document", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7751774191856384}
+{"content": "Embrace the specificity of ICD-10-CM codes\n\nCarl Natale\nby Carl Natale\n\nIf you haven't started learning ICD-10 coding, the thought of trying to master 68,000 diagnosis codes seems intimidating.\n\nSue Bowman, RHIA, CCS, senior director of coding policy and compliance for AHIMA, tells Michelle A. Leppert that all those ICD-10 codes will make it easier for medical coders to find the code they need. That level of specificity will take the guess work out of figuring out the correct diagnosis code.\n\nThis is a weekly feature that I use to highlight practical tips on how to use and understand ICD-10-CM/PCS codes. Please let me know of any other sources that I can include.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9086114168167114}
+{"content": "Why we keep putting off change\n\nby | Oct 5, 2018 | Inspiration, Making changes\n\n\nIt’s inevitable.\n\nTimes change. Places change. People change. You change.\n\nProgress? Sometimes positive, sometimes not.\n\nHumans are good at adapting to external changes that we have little or no control over. We may not like these changes, but we cope.\n\nMany of us are not so good at instigating change ourselves though. Taking responsibility for something that isn’t working for us and doing something about it out of choice is a different kettle of fish.\n\nChanges tend to generate a mixture of feelings – a bit of excitement, a healthy dose of fear, a sense of relief sometimes – because instigated change generally requires us to step outside of our comfort zone.\n\nChange can be exciting, but leaving the safety of what we know and what we’re comfortable with can be scary. Our imaginations run riot and come up with a whole host of “yes, but what if” scenarios which can make us think again about following through on any change we were contemplating.\n\nSo we procrastinate.\n\nComfort zones are all very well and good and cosy, but if you stay there, you don’t grow. You don’t get that satisfaction of trying something new, of taking on a challenge and prevailing.\n\nWhich is why fulfilment can be hard to find within your comfort zone.\n\nIf you go all in, big changes can happen almost overnight, and you could see huge differences very quickly. It takes courage and a willingness to take a big leap out of your comfort zone.\n\nBut big changes can also be made incrementally.\n\nSmall steps, repeated consistently over time, add up to huge differences too. Not so much one giant leap out of your comfort zone, more a case of leaning up against the edges and dipping a toe outside it, then bit by bit going a little further.\n\nIt’s the difference between base jumping off a skyscraper and taking the stairs down!\n\nThose small steps still require courage.\n\nThey require commitment.\n\nThey require a strong desire to make sustainable change and a resolution to keep going.\n\nBut to keep going, first you have to start.\n\nIf you know you need to instigate change… you just know.\n\nAnd yet you put it off.\n\nJust until…\n\nI’ll do it when…\n\nI’m not quite ready…\n\nFinish these sentences with whatever reason you like.\n\nExcept they aren’t reasons. It’s just resistance.\n\nDo you want to know the real reason so many of us find it hard to instigate change?\n\nIt’s because we’re only looking at it backwards.\n\nIn other words, we’re only looking at what we need to move away from, only thinking about what we don’t want.\n\nTo take the first steps away from whatever it is that needs changing, you need to have a compelling vision of what it is you’re moving TOWARDS!\n\nWhere are you heading?\n\nHow do you want it to be?\n\nMore importantly, how do you want to FEEL when you’ve achieved this change?\n\nTake some time to really focus on what you DO want.\n\nJournal it.\n\nWrite it out in as much glorious detail as you can.\n\nGet emotional about it and include how it’s going to make you feel.\n\nI think you might find that, suddenly, taking that first step just became a whole lot easier.\n\nIf you’d like some support and encouragement to take that first step towards a change you desire come and join me in The Brave You Sisterhood facebook group. We’re a friendly bunch who will do just that. Click here to join.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7761927843093872}
+{"content": "Project made in a workshop directed by Alvaro Rey. The briefing being design a interactive window proposal. The developed idea promotes the series Black Mirror, transmitting the sensation of being controlled, the main idea of the series.   \n\nThe project was developed using Arduino and Processing in collaboration with Rosa Andreu.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9951982498168945}
+{"content": "Strong Bones for Life!\n\nBy Stephanie Hayward - Accredited Exercise Physiologist\n\nThe bones you were born with are different to the bones you have today.  Bone cells are made up of dynamic tissue with the capacity to adapt and change based on the demands placed on them. When significant bone tissue has been lost, or weakened osteoporosis occurs, leading to increased risks of fractures. This is a huge health issue that affects 2 in 3 women and 1 in 3 men over the age of 60 in Australia. As a result, regular long-term physical activity has a particularly important role in maintaining or increasing your bone mineral density (BMD).\n\nBMD changes over our lifespan. By developing a higher BMD peak during childhood and maintaining BMD throughout our adult life, you can significantly reduce the risk of osteopaenia & osteoporosis later in life.  Our bones form their foundations early in life (between 16- 25 years) and after this time bone loss starts to occur at a rate of 1-2% of bone mass each year. Due to the protective mechanisms oestrogen provides to the bone health in women, the rate of bone loss accelerates to 2-4% bone loss a year at the time of menopause.\n\ndownload (7).jpeg\n\nRisk factors\n\nIt is important to know your risk factors for osteoporosis as you will not have any warning your bones might be osteoporotic. There are certain factors that can lead to bone loss, these include;\n\n·      Family history of osteoporosis\n\n·      Being over 40 years of age\n\n·      Post-menopausal\n\n·      Smoking\n\n·      Excessive alcohol consumption\n\n·      Lack of vitamin D in your diet\n\n·      Taking certain corticosteroids for extended periods of time (6 month or more)\n\n·      Physical inactivity\n\nHow does exercise help your bones\n\nYour bones are a dynamic tissue and have proven to become stronger though exercises intervention at any age. For adults aged between 30-40, high impact weight bearing exercises can increase bone by (1-3%) which is amazing, as this is the time bones actually decrease at a rate of 1-2% a year.  However, after the ages of 45 years (and post menopause for women) the ability to build bone by exercise alone declines and the goal of exercise is to purely preserve the BMD you have. This becomes imperative over the age of 60 as further bone loss occurs (2-4%) each year.\n\nHigh impact exercises\n\nWhen we are talking about exercise for your bones, it is not as simple as just going for a walk. Not all types of exercise are ideal to build your bones or have what we call a ‘osteogenic’ effect.  For exercise to promote bone health they need to be weight bearing, but body weight alone is not enough to build the bone tissue.  For bone cells to stimulate new bone the exercises need to be high impact weight bearing with loads 2-4 times your body weight.\n\nResistance training\n\nIn addition to high impact exercises, you also need to incorporate resistance training at least 2-3 times a week.  Muscles attach on to bones and by contracting they place forces through the insertion points on the bone which stimulate bone cells.  Resistance exercises should include at least 8 exercises focusing on the major muscles groups.  Some suggested exercises include,\n\n·      Weighted lunges\n\n·      Hip abduction\n\n·      Knee extension\n\n·      Arabesque\n\n·      Back extensions\n\n·      Pulls down\n\n·      Cable row\n\nThe intensity of the resistance training should be very high, lifting heavy weight at 80-85% of predicted maximal effort, repeating 8-10 repetitions, for 2-3 sets. \n\nBalance training\n\nBalance training needs to be incorporated to reduce the chances of a fall. Osteoporotic bones will not withstand the forces placed upon them during a fall, and fractures are most likely to be the outcome.  The primary goal is then to prevent a fall through training the body to be able to react and re balance their centre of gravity quickly. This is where specific balance exercises will help focusing on improving standing balance and dynamic balance with gradual reduction in the base of support.\n\nSpecific exercise for age and bone health.\n\n16-25 years of age\n\nBalance training is not going to be as important as multi-directional impact loading exercises. These bones are still in their development stage building peak bone mass and multidirectional high impact exercises (up to four times your body weight) should be performed 4-7 times a week.\n\n25-40 years of age\n\nThe focus should be on maintaining bone mass and preventing osteoporosis.  An exercise program should include multidirectional impact loading (up to 2 times your body weight) with a progressive resistance program at least 3 times a week. In between exercises there should be about 10-20 minutes of dynamic balance exercises.\n\nDiagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis\n\nExercise intensity changes a little, lowering the impact exercises to two times your body weight, and focusing on resistance training (as outlined above) to optimise muscle mass and strength with a greater focus on balance and falls prevention exercises.\n\nTo maximise the benefit of exercise for musculosketal health and function it is also recommended to achieve sufficient amount of calcium from dietary sources and sufficient vitamin D from the sun or vitamins.\n\nPlease talk to your local PACE Exercise Physiologist to help prescribe the appropriate exercise program for you.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9983885288238525}
+{"content": "Do You Know the UI/UX Designer Responsibilities & Skills?\n\nChina set off a wave of unemployment in 2017. It gives many UI/UX designers who just enter this industry a head-on blow. The internet industry is not affected by this, but the market keeps a growing trend. Is the tide of unemployment true? No matter if it’s true. It has been a wake-up call for UI/UX designers all over the world. If you don’t work hard, you’ll try to find work. How to tide the period of unemployment perfectly? Instead of sitting on pins and needles, you should make clear these UI/UX designer responsibilities.\n\nPart 1: UI Designer Responsibilities\n\nWith the development of the internet industry, occupations like UI design become popular. Many people are not clear about UI/UX designer responsibilities. For instance, many UI designers think they only needs to design a better interface and icon. What are the responsibilities of UI designer on earth? Keep reading and you’ll know.\n\nUI designer responsibilities\n\n1. Interface Design\n\n\n2. Prototyping Design\n\nDesign and layout the web page by top prototyping tools. Apply interactive elements to make the web page more vivid.\n\n3. Interaction Design\n\nInteraction design mainly includes the operation flow, tree structure, and operation specification of software. This part is most important both in UI/UX designer skills.\n\n4. User Testing\n\nTest the beauty of the interface and the feasibility of the product by users. Then record the user feedback.\n\n5. Optimal Design\n\nAccording to the user feedback to optimize the design so that the product meets the needs of users.\n\nPart 2: UX Designer Responsibilities\n\nWhat’s the difference of UI/UX designer responsibilities? As everyone knows, user experience design advocates focusing on the user. UX designers have to give users a good experience. Is UI designer job really simple? Strictly speaking, it’s the ultimate goal of their work. What’s their specific job responsibilities? Here are some responsibilities of UX designers.\n\nUX designer responsibilities\n\n1. Requirements Analysis\n\nMake an analysis of competitive products from the business objectives, user needs, and brand direction. Collect the related data, interview users and then issue a requirements document.\n\n2. Prototyping Design\n\nClear the thoughts of product and draw a use flow chart. Make low-fidelity prototypes and modify them. Make out the final plan of prototyping design.\n\n3. Interaction Design\n\nAccording to the prototype design to determine the initial interaction plan. Make low-fidelity prototypes. Determine the final interactive plan on the base of user testing.\n\n4. Interface Design\n\nDetermine the interface style and layout, and design the key interface text.\n\n5. Usability Testing\n\nTest the feasibility of the product and find out the problem.\n\n6. Optimal Design\n\nAccording to the problems existing in the test, optimize the design and improve the usability of the product. We can find a feature from above UI/UX designer responsibilities. There are a lot of similarities between them, but their design points are different. UI designers pay more attention to the beauty of the interface. UX designers pay more attention to the availability of the product. If you want to be a good UI/UX designer, you need to know these UI/UX designer job description first.\n\nNotes：Even if there is a serious unemployment wave, as long as you have the ability and clear your responsibilities, I believe that it will not affect you!\n\n\nPopular posts from this blog\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.891808271408081}
+{"content": "Geoff A Howard\n\n\nFor many years I have been facinated by the ideas and practices of religious faith, and photographed many different aspects of belief. The concept of pilgrimage, a journey made to a place of special religious significance, is common to many faiths, and all around the world, believers undergo physical hardship for the sake of those beliefs.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.000006079673767}
+{"content": "Essay about Thank You For Smoking by Jason Reitman\n\n910 Words 4 Pages\nIn the films, “Thank You For Smoking,” directed by Jason Reitman and “Kinsey,” directed by Bill Condon, main characters Nick Naylor and Dr. Alfred Kinsey, defend their actions with either facts, strong opinions, and in Naylor’s instance, symbolism. Hence, both have dynamic characteristics that make them persuasive when proving their points. In both films, there are two questions that are raised. Are their actions justified and reflected in societal morals? Are they trying to route people into a less prejudice mindset? Despite their approach, both Dr. Kinsey and Nick Naylor over step boundaries by implying blunt commentary that allow their audience to think critically. 
 Dr. Kinsey pride himself on his work in regards to the advancement …show more content…\nPersuasion is a hard act since it takes a strong argument to break former opinion, Kinsey and Naylor both find cracks in arguments, and nonetheless have different ways to approach it. Nick Naylor does the impossible to prove people wrong and leaves them thinking for future references. To Naylor this is the, “beauty of argument,” which is “if you argue correctly you're never wrong.” (TYFS) Yet, what is more interesting on how he approaches this is when ever he is asked the who, what, where, when’s of smoking he replies, “no data to support that.” Why? To Naylor if he answered truthfully then all facts would turn against cigarette companies, and his job is to convince people that smoking is a normal habit. 
 On the other hand, Dr. Kinsey bases his interpretations from data and science. He truthfully gives answers to why their sexual actions are the way they are. His research is meant to further explain, and gather information for future generations. Yet, a lot of his actions were not morally acceptable like cheating on his wife with his intern, Clyde. (Kinsey) But like Naylor, he was curious and he could not be placed on his “scale” without having prior acknowledgement of what he considered himself from the 0 - 6 scale of heterosexuality and homosexuality. (Kinsey)
 Data vs. no\n\nRelated Documents", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7764434814453125}
+{"content": "Wiringpi Gpio Mcp23017\n\nWiringpi Gpio Mcp23017 - WiringPi is a PIN based GPIO access library written in C for the BCM2835, BCM2836 and BCM2837 SoC devices used in all Raspberry Pi. versions. It’s released under the GNU LGPLv3 license and is usable from C, C++ and RTB (BASIC) as well as many other languages with suitable wrappers (See below) It’s designed to be familiar to people who have used the Arduino “wiring” system 1 and is. So when initially writing wiringPi, I chose to have the same default pin numbering scheme and numbered them from 0 upwards.This is no different to how the Arduino operates – “Pin 13” on the Arduino is Port B, bit 5 for example. The underlying hardware definitions are hidden by a simplified numbering scheme.. The expanded GPIO ports are Pins 21-28 GPA0-GPA7. Pins 1-8 GPB0-GPB7. Once you’ve set up the chip (I’ll show you how in a minute) you can use these 16 GPIO ports as either inputs or outputs..\n\nHi Gordon. I’ve downloaded your WiringPi library and the I2C library as per your web page. I’m using Occidentalis v0.2 from Adafruit, but since downloading the I2C stuff /dev/rtc0 has disappeared.. Part of wiringPi is a library to allow access to parallel interface LCD displays (Those that use the popular Hitachi HD44780U or compatible controllers). Multiple threaded callback interrupts in Python . We’ve been learning about interrupts this week because of the brand new interrupt capabilities of RPi.GPIO..\n\nCe post est le sixième d’une liste de tutoriels sur le raspberry PI, cliquez ici pour accéder au sommaire !. Chez lecteurs (lectrices) nous arrivons à la partie la plus. With Raspberry Pi and I2C communication, we can connect the Pi with single or multiple Arduino boards. The Raspberry Pi has only 8 GPIO’s, so it would be really useful to have additional Inputs and outputs by combining the Raspberry Pi and Arduino.. The DS18B20 and DS18S20 represents a very simple sensor. These Raspberry Pi sensors are addressed via the so-called 1-wire bus. An advantage is that many different 1-wire components can be connected in series and read out by a single GPIO..", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7301156520843506}
+{"content": "joi, mai 26\n\nSomething to smile upon until I get back\n\nGood news, everyone, I fixed my camera (or my camera fixed itself, better said). But I'm being extremely busy this month with my final paper and my every day job and I really want to plan a make over of the entire blog and photographs. Also, a new camera objective is included. So I will post the next few weeks, just not that often. However, bear with me and don't forget to have a healthy breakfast each morning. I promise you will see a change in your mood within only a few days.\n\n\nmarți, mai 17\n\nMy camera went crazy today\n\nSo I'm giving you photos I made with my phone. Very unprofessional, I hope I get it fixed very soon, the memory card won't stay inside the camera anymore and I can only hope it's not that big of a problem.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8898105025291443}
+{"content": "Bitcoin start\n\nThe original public ledger provides unique opportunities to investors who are willing to steel themselves against downturns and remain calm during record surges.Well, this video will go over Bitcoin mining and show you how to set up Bitcoin Mining Software on your computer.The bitcoin network has to make it more difficult,. it must have a certain number of zeroes at the start.\n\nBitcoin fork happens - Business Insider\n\nFully Managed Bitcoin Miners starting from 0.001 BTC. No shipping required.The currency suffered greatly due to the theft of millions of dollars worth of Bitcoins in 2014, but has recovered quite quickly in the span of two years and is now experiencing rapid growth.\n\nIncreasingly, digital currency is being used for everyday transactions, international trade and as investment vehicles.Back in analog eras, even the most powerful people had a tough time starting their own currency.How to Mine Bitcoins. When it comes time to start mining coins, you have two main options: join in with an established pool or attempt to mine on your own.\n\nBitcoin Triples the Since Start of Year to Flirt With\n\nStripe: Start accepting Bitcoin instantly\n\nThe Cointelegraph covers Fintech, Blockchain and Bitcoin bringing you the latest news and analyses on the future of money.Therefore, Bitcoin is currently experiencing wider adoption and is being taken more seriously as an investment vehicle.\n\n\nAlthough there are clear advantages to a market structured like this, there are serious obstacles and dangers that cannot be ignored.Bitcoin mining is a lot like a giant lottery where you compete with your mining hardware with everyone on the network to earn bitcoins.I have installed BitCoin Core 64, and my wallet is (finally) synced.Gox market value this year, experiencing two all-time highs in the span of a few months.Choose your wallet offers a fully featured, convenient wallet for your Bitcoin storage needs.Bitcoin mining is a mathematical process used to identify a sequence of data by running a special.Millions of dollars were lost likely due to undetected theft, leaving supporters and skeptics alike with concerns about its security and long-term viability.\n\nThe firm will inject the capital into the development of new features — including contactless bitcoin payment and multiple currency cards.\n\nTransactions will become increasingly delayed, and the system of.StartBitcoin is a group of entrepreneurs promoting the future of digital currency and decentralized technologies. Learn More.\n\n\nYou can start doing transactions to them and abide honest ratings for.Bitcoin is revolutionizing not just digital currency but currency period.If you happened to invest meagerly in Bitcoin in 2011, you would have already seen massive returns.Moreover, faith in Blockchain currency is expanding as giants like JPMorgan Chase, Intel and Microsoft have already shown their support of cryptocurrency.The idea of bitcoin has paved a new way of business transaction ever since the birth of the idea.Start trading bitcoin Get profit from trading on Bitcoin price difference.The theft of hundreds of thousands of Bitcoins from the now-infamous Mt.One of the biggest problems I ran into when I was looking to start mining Bitcoin for investment and profit was most of the sites were written for the advanced user.\n\nFinancial regulators in New York have started going over the operations of digital currency companies in the state.Cryptocurrency itself is widening as dozens of competing alternatives based on Bitcoin technology (aptly named altcoins) flood the market.\n\nWhat happens when you start a post in North Korea : Bitcoin\n\nWhy Bitcoin Matters - The New York Times\n\nHow much bitcoin can you make mining | Bitcoin visa card free | Princeton online bitcoin course | Bitcoin latest news today india | How much does it cost for a bitcoin | Circle bitcoin gambling |", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6950501203536987}
+{"content": "Arabian Flair\nDance Instruction & Entertainment\n\nThe task is when someone includes a less severe mind infection.\n\nBrain Infection Diagnosis Otherwise healthy people who have basic signs of acute human brain infection can generally be diagnosed promptly. The task is when someone includes a less severe mind infection, such as persistent or treated meningitis, encephalitis, or other uncommon infections. A doctor searches for particular clinical signals when examining an individual. An altered degree of awareness with behavioral and character changes with a higher fever usually alerts the physician to the chance of a central anxious system infection. Particular indicators of meningeal discomfort in somebody with a fever, including neck stiffness or discomfort with throat flexion or knee extension, or involuntary flexion of both hips with throat flexion, could signify mind infection.The physician will perform an optical eye exam, searching for swelling of the primary nerve of the attention and any subtle changes in eye motion or pupil reactions.In fact, the team has estimated the amount of furan ingested as a result of coffee consumption in Barcelona, obtaining ideals of 0. To ensure that furan ingestion to go beyond the maximum acceptable ideals, a person would have to drink at least 20 cups of capsule coffee or 30 espressos each day , or 200 instant coffees. These estimates had been made on the basis of 40 ml cups and the average body weight for coffee drinkers of around 70 Kg. They are the result of a reaction, referred to as the Maillard reaction, between carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids and ascorbic acids or its derivatives.\n\nChinese Natural herbs Relieve Menstrual Pain Much better than Acupuncture or Drugs Chinese organic medicine appears to be far better at relieving menstrual cramps and pain than pharmaceutical drugs, acupuncture or warmth compression therapy, according to a new study conducted by Australian researchers and posted in the journal Cochrane Library.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9736531972885132}
+{"content": "Campbell’s Hero’s Journey\n\n\nQuestion One: Campbell’s Hero’s Journey\n\nThe ordinary life of the Hero is unspectacular and frigid. He moves to a new location and subsequently becomes frightened by the new surroundings. His unspectacular start represents a mythological perspective in which the would-be heroes usually experience a slow start to their live, before rising to prominence. The hero’s call to adventure occurs in the form of a fairy, which in turns transitions into a bug. As the fairy changes from its hideous form to an absolute beauty, the Hero becomes mesmerized and follows the creature into the night. This is indicative of the fact that humans are prone to follow others blindly without due consideration of their safety.\n\nEvidently, he does not refuse the call, but seeks to follow the fairy into an uncertain world. He never changes his resolve to escape from the harsh world. Presently, he meets a mentor, who does a good job of guiding him back to reality. Just like in the ordinary world, the mentor is crucial in reinstating orderliness in the Hero’s troubled life. He then encounters tests, allies and enemies, who try to derail his journey back to the ordinary world. The trial of the Pale Man represents the Hero’s approach to the inmost cave (Campbell). The mentor turns against him and eventually expels him for misconduct when he discovered that she had touched his food.\n\nThereafter, the Hero experiences the ordeal when he suffers a tragedy of death of a loved one. This ordeal is similar to his disenchantment after his fairy world failure. His rewards materializes in his deep trust of a new mentor, who turns out to be his true savior as the two escape the estate to live with the rebels. He must resist all temptation and stand his ground in one last chance. This represents a route back to redemption. The hero must face one last attempt at redefining himself. The resolve for self-defense turns tragic as his nemesis finally kills him. Finally, the Hero returns with the elixir and his spirit finally ascends to the realms of the fairy world.\n\nQuestion 2: Pan’s Labyrinth Reviews\n\nThe “Pan’s Labyrinth” is an exceptional movie that centers on the reality of war. Jim Emerson describes the film as one of cinema’s great fantasies, complete with great fantasies and wonder. Guillermo Del Toro’s inject the film with potency and awesome beauty, which captures adults’ imagination. In fact, Emerson claimed that the film had the same effect that “Alice in Wonderland” or the “Wizard of Oz” had on children. Emerson further claims that Pan’s Labyrinth is a movie that is only suitable for children due to its “R” rating, hence a harsh and uncompromising film.\n\nIn my own opinion about the movie, its narrative is mazy; hence creating an impression of an ebb and flow of an ocean. In the extreme, the narrative is gory and heart-wrenching, particularly the death of Ofelia. Notwithstanding the fact that it is a fantasy narrative, the movie has many similarities to contemporary battle fronts. As the 11-year-old Ofelia travels with her pregnant mother to a forest outpost, the cruelty of mankind comes to the fore (Toro). This cruelty manifests itself in the form of Vidal who in his quest to achieve his resistance aim kills Ofelia when she seeks to rescue her brother. The story is highly enlightening, and it reminds the viewers of the cruelty of war. In my view, it is a compelling narrative that will remain relevant for years to come.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9050030708312988}
+{"content": "A comparison of the enlightenment the crusades and the renaissance era\n\nAt the same time they empowered humans in their own capabilities. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he said must therefore remain protected from any government authority.\n\n\nThese men of letters constituted a sort of \"substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power\". These rulers are called \"enlightened despots\" by historians. There was also a focus on social sciences and the attempt to apply rational thought and order to society and all its extensions.\n\nFor moderate Christians, this meant a return to simple Scripture. He previously had supported successful efforts to disestablish the Church of England in Virginia [80] and authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom.\n\nOfficial scientific societies were chartered by the state in order to provide technical expertise. The world view of the Renaissance was the humanistic world view with an emphasis on the power and capacity of the human being.\n\nThese different perceptions allowed scrutiny and reform toward religious views and issues. Instead, the deist relies solely on personal reason to guide his creed, [68] which was eminently agreeable to many thinkers of the time.\n\n\nShe is best known for her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman The pursuit of discovery in the Renaissance period continued. However, when one citizen breaks the Law of Nature both the transgressor and the victim enter into a state of war, from which it is virtually impossible to break free.\n\n\nThe Middle Ages The period of European history extending from about to — ce is traditionally known as the Middle Ages. The \"literary politics\" that resulted promoted a discourse of equality and was hence in fundamental opposition to the monarchical regime.\n\nRather, they were critics of orthodox belief, wedded rather to skepticism, deism, vitalism, or perhaps pantheism\". That is, since atheists gave themselves to no Supreme Authority and no law and had no fear of eternal consequences, they were far more likely to disrupt society.\n\n\nOne view of the political changes that occurred during the Enlightenment is that the \" consent of the governed \" philosophy as delineated by Locke in Two Treatises of Government represented a paradigm shift from the old governance paradigm under feudalism known as the \" divine right of kings \".What is the difference between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?\n\nUpdate Cancel. What are the differences between Renaissance and the Enlightenment in terms of literature? Ask New Question. Anonymous. The Renaissance essentially marked the start of the Early Modern Era while the Enlightenment is the true birth of the Modern Era.\n\nJun 06,  · What is similar and different between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment? The Renaissance is the era beginning about the 15th century when new ideas began to emerge in Europe as a result of the proliferation of books as a result of Gutenberg's invention of a practical way to cast movable type elements.\n\nWhat is Status: Resolved. The Crusades Essay Examples. 51 total results. 1, words. 3 pages. A Comparison of the Enlightenment, the Crusades and the Renaissance Era. words.\n\n2 pages. A Study on the Three Revolutions Prior to The Enlightenment, the Crusades and the Renaissance.\n\nBevor Sie fortfahren...\n\nwords. 2 pages. Brutal Consequences of Manifest Destiny. The Age of Enlightenment was preceded by and closely associated with the scientific revolution.\n\nAge of Enlightenment\n\nEnlightenment era religious commentary was a response to the preceding century of religious conflict in Europe, Children were taught to memorize facts through oral and graphic methods that originated during the Renaissance.\n\nStart studying French Revolution and the Enlightenment. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Search. assembly of European leaders that met after Napoleonic era. French Revolution → Crusades → Renaissance 3. Jan 09,  · The Enlightenment was the age of the triumph of science (Newton, Leibniz, Bacon) and of philosophy (Descartes, Locke, Spinoza, Kant, Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu).\n\nUnlike the Renaissance philosophers, they no longer sought validation in the texts of the Greco-Roman philosophers, but were predicated more solidly on .\n\nA comparison of the enlightenment the crusades and the renaissance era\nRated 4/5 based on 39 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9789081811904907}
+{"content": "Necklaces For The V-Neck Blouse\n\nNecklaces to Wear with a V-Neck Blouse\n\nIt can be a little difficult to figure out what type of necklace to wear with certain shirts/blouses. The V-neck shirt is definitely on that list. The V-neckline blouse is such a good look for so many women. You can wear a short V-neck or a deep V-neck and look super feminine and show off your amazing silhouette.\n\nShort V-neckline- I would suggest that you wear average length or long necklaces with this neckline. By normal length, I mean 16 inches, and by long, I mean 22 inches, plus. Basically, you want your necklace to fall in the open space of the v or about 2 inches below the v. You do not want to wear a necklace that hits right at the “V.” Does it look horrible if your necklace hits right at the V, or is very high up? No, it doesn’t, but does it look amazing? The answer to that, is also “no.”\n\nGold Heart Necklace, Gold Medallion Necklace , CZ Diamond Necklace \n\nLong and deep V-neckline- This trend is so in, and if it’s the look for you… I would go super short or super long. Lots of people layer this look and that can be cute, just make sure you don't do too much. With this neckline, I suggest you go with a simple choker or extra-long necklace. The choker length is typically 14-15 inches long, and by “extra-long necklace”, I mean 25-26 inches.\n\nGold Medallion Necklace, Dandelion Necklace, Teardrop Necklace, Bar Necklace\n\nSo, there you have it, go grab the necklace that works for the V-neck that you adore.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8341639041900635}
+{"content": "Welcome to the web page of the Bank lab at the Gulbenkian Institute. Lab news are displayed below.\n\n\nWelcome to Emma and Massimo!\n\nA warm welcome our two new lab members, Emma and Massimo. Emma is a visiting postdoc who will be modelling the establishment of new inversions in a population. And Massimo has joined both Isabel Gordo’s lab and our lab as a PhD student. He will be building a gene-based mathematical model to investigate the mechanisms and effects of evolutionary change on the dynamics of mammalian microbial communities regarding their stability, diversity, interactions, and effects on the fitness of the host.\n\n\nHow is speciation different between diploid and haplodiploid organisms?\n\nInspired by our collaborators’ findings in natural populations of wood ants in Finland, where the coexistence of hybrid incompatibility and heterozygote advantage create a rugged fitness landscape, we developed mathematical models to compare the evolutionary dynamics of hybrid populations of diploid and haplodiploid organisms. We showed that the evolutionary outcomes between genetic systems are dramatically different. Our results imply a specific signature of hybrid incompatibilities in haplodiploids. This, in turn, provides an alternative hypothesis why X chromosomes in diploids may appear as hotspots of speciation genes and sexual conflict.\n\nLink to our paper in Molecular Ecology: Conflict between heterozygote advantage and hybrid incompatibility in haplodiploids (and sex chromosomes)\n\n\nViruses are excellent biological models for understanding how populations evolve because they have characteristics (like high mutation rates and large population sizes) that make it easier to observe evolution in real-time. However, as argued in a new review paper in the journal Heredity, the unusual biology of viruses means that some common, simplifying assumptions of population genetics are not met by viral populations.\n\nIn particular, viruses tend to have highly skewed offspring distributions, with some virions producing either many more or many fewer offspring than assumed, and viral populations often experience drastic changes in size (i.e. bottlenecks) as a result of transmission or infection. These features of virus biology mean that the Kingman coalescent and Wright-Fisher model (part a in the Figure below) that are traditionally used in population genetics can lead to an erroneous inference of how the virus populations are evolving. The authors argue that the multiple merger coalescent class of models (part b of the Figure) can account for these limitations of traditional models by allowing more than two lineages to coalesce at a time.\n\nNew computational approaches, such as the use of multiple merger coalescent models or forward simulations, will elucidate how the unusual biology of viruses influences their genomic diversity and evolution.\n\n\nFigure: Each row of dots shows the alleles in a single generation, with the lines connecting dots showing reproduction events. For each type of coalescent (a and b), the left panel shows the evolutionary process of the whole population, whereas the right panel shows a possible sampling and its genealogy. Unlike the Kingman coalescent (a), the multiple merger coalescent (b) allows parents to give rise to more than two offspring in the next generation. (Figure taken from figure 1 of the paper.)\n\n–This summary was written by Telmo Cunha & Hermina Ghenu\n\nOn the (un)predictability of a large intragenic fitness landscape\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWelcome to Mark and Alexandre!\n\nThe last couple of weeks have been so busy that I am only now catching up with posting our lab news, including welcoming our two new lab members, Mark and Alexandre. Mark is a biochemist who will be visiting the lab during the next few months for an exchange about the evolutionary versus biochemical implications of empirical fitness landscapes. Alexandre has joined us as a postdoc; he is an evolutionary modeler who is particularly interested in the role of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities in speciation and hybridization.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9984111189842224}
+{"content": "Erik Luthens\n\n\nSidewalks, roadways, parks and other public areas are often sites of accidents and injuries. If there is a flaw on the public property, or repairs have not been completed, members of the public may be injured. If the accident or injury related to the property itself was privately owned, the owner would be liable. Public property is regulated by a different set of laws. Sovereign immunity, or governmental immunity, is where no governmental body can be sued unless it gives permission. These laws stemmed from days when kings set the rules, and was negated by the Federal Tort Claims Act relating to federal concerns and state waivers in each individual state, allowing certain cases. Contact a Iowa premises liability attorney representing clients in Cedar Rapids, Iowa today to schedule your initial consultation.\n\nIf you are a victim of a crime on public property that is committed by someone who is not a public employee (including police officers and firemen) on duty, neither Federal nor State governments may be held responsible. Limited exceptions apply to law enforcement officers.\n\nThe FTCA does allow monetary damages, but they are only for specific amounts. The procedures for filing a claim against the federal government law, and this also may be determined largely by the laws of the individual state. Before a lawsuit may be filed, written claims must be submitted. Premises liability laws are unique and have rules and requirements that vary from state to state. Experienced premise liability attorneys will be able to assist you to determine if you have a premises liability case if you have been injured on public property.\n\nDes Moines personal injury lawyer, attorney Cedar Rapids, IA, elevator / swimming pool accident law firm - If you would like to schedule a initial consultation regarding your case, please contact the Luthens Law Offices at (800) 685-7948 or complete our inquiry form.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9013518691062927}
+{"content": "Loading presentation...\n\nPresent Remotely\n\nSend the link below via email or IM\n\n\nPresent to your audience\n\nStart remote presentation\n\n  • Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present\n  • People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account\n  • This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation\n  • A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation\n  • Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article\n\nDo you really want to delete this prezi?\n\n\n\nFetch execute cycle\n\nNo description\n\nEthan Foy\n\non 4 November 2014\n\nComments (0)\n\nPlease log in to add your comment.\n\nReport abuse\n\nTranscript of Fetch execute cycle\n\nWhat is the fetch ececute cycle\nThe Fetch Execute Cycle describes the steps needed for processing to take place in a computer. It is made\nup of four parts. Have a read through the description below, but don't worry if it doesn't make any sense.\nThere is a more friendly description below.\nFetch data from main memory\nIt reads the effective address from main memory if the instruction has an indirect address. Fetch required\ndata from main memory to be processed and placed into registers.\nExecute the instruction\nthe Arithmetic logic unit to add them together and writing the result back to a register. A condition\nStore results\nThe cycle is then repeated.\nrepeat the process again and again and again until you computer dies.\nFetch the instruction from main memory\nThe CPU presents the value of the PC (program counter) on the address bus. The CPU then fetches the\ninstruction from main memory via the data bus into the MDR\n(memory data register)\n. The value from the\nMDR is then placed into the current instruction register CIR\n(current instruction register)\n, a circuit that holds the instruction\ntemporarily so that it can be decoded and executed.\nFetch execute cycle\nImagine you're helping someone to bake a cake. Let's say it's a Carrot cake (because they are delicious).\nYou have fetched the instruction to bake a cake from the cake shop (step 1 from above) and so you know\na cake is required. Think of the cake shop as the main memory and the street to your bakery as the bus as\nit's the link between the different parts. You place that instruction on a table in the bakery so that\neveryone important knows where it is. The bakery is the MDR from step 1. There is\na table in the bakery where the next cake is prepared. This table is the CIR.\nFull transcript", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5190161466598511}
+{"content": "Calathea Lancifolia - Rattlesnake Plant\n\n$ 12.00\n\nCalathea lancifolia is a perfect houseplant for pattern lovers who like to decorate wild. Its bright green, wavy leaves are striped with alternating ovals of dark green and accented by a rich purple underside. The plant gets its name from its lance-shaped foliage, and the leaves grow more elongated as the plant matures. Its bushy, compact growth habit makes it ideal as a medium sized floor plant or tabletop accent -- anywhere that needs a little extra green and a tropical feel. \n\nLike most plants in the Calathea genus, the lancifolia is simple to care for, an ideal beginner's houseplant. Simply place the plant where it will receive medium to bright indirect light, shielding from direct sun. Water when the top 1-2\" of soil feel dry, and mist periodically to maintain high humidity. \n\n- 4\" pot - specimens have 2-3 clumps, with leaves approx 4-6\" long.\n- 6\" pot - specimens have 3-4 clumps, with leaves approx 6-8\" long\n\nShips in a plastic nursery pot. Pictures show 6\" specimen. Some natural variation in size and appearance may occur.\n\nPlanter sold separately. Includes detailed care instructions.\n\n\n\nInternational shipping unavailable due to customs restrictions. [More Info]\n\n\nBased on 27 reviews Write a review\n\nYou May Also Like:\n\nRecently Viewed:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5590893030166626}
+{"content": "Meaning of CORRELATION in English\n\n\ncor ‧ re ‧ la ‧ tion /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃ ə n, ˌkɒrɪˈleɪʃ ə n $ ˌkɔː-, ˌkɑː-/ BrE AmE noun\n\n[ Date: 1500-1600 ; Language: Medieval Latin ; Origin: correlatio , from Latin com- ( ⇨ COM- ) + relatio 'relation' ]\n\n[uncountable and countable] a connection between two ideas, facts etc, especially when one may be the cause of the other\n\ncorrelation between\n\na strong correlation between urban deprivation and poor health\n\nstrong/high/close/significant etc correlation\n\nThere is a direct correlation between the best-known brands and the best-selling brands.\n\ncorrelation with\n\nThere’s also some correlation with social class.\n\n• • •\n\n\n■ adjectives\n\n▪ a significant correlation\n\nThere is no significant correlation between age and work performance.\n\n▪ a strong/high/close correlation\n\nThey found evidence of a high correlation between drinking and violence.\n\n▪ a direct correlation\n\nResearch shows a direct correlation between TV viewing and poor academic work.\n\n▪ a clear/obvious correlation\n\nThere is a clear correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and global warming.\n\n▪ a positive correlation (=showing that two things are likely to exist together)\n\nThey found a positive correlation between good diet and life expectancy.\n\n▪ a negative correlation (=showing that two things are not likely to exist together)\n\nIs there a negative correlation between a person's weight and the distance they walk on an average day?\n\n■ verbs\n\n▪ show a correlation\n\nStudies have shown a correlation between recession and property crime.\n\n▪ find a correlation\n\nResearchers failed to find any correlation between the two.\n\n▪ observe a correlation\n\nA correlation has been observed between untidiness and creativity.\n\n▪ a correlation exists between something and something\n\nA strong correlation exists between social class and exam success.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9995360970497131}
+{"content": "Genomic data has revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of diseases. When successful, new kind of biobank driven research will help better allocate healthcare resources and provide individualized care to patients. Biobanks are in the center of the big data driven transformation. Biobanks combining clinical, genomic and biomarker data provide wealthy sources of healthcare related data for both academic and industry research. BC Platforms builds compliant, scalable software solutions for running any type of a biobank, from small rare disease focused ones to population scale ones. Our modules range from BC|CORE with dynamic consent registry and dynamic patient ID registry to BC|SAMPLE with dedicated biobank LIMS functions that ensure a perfect fit for our customers.\n\nUse Case\n\nBC|RQUEST is a modern ICT-enabled marketplace that brings together biobanks and pharmaceutical companies to engage in new forms of collaboration. BC|RQUEST is a service platform for pharmaceutical research teams, and biobanks to communicate with each other. The service provides data discovery users (research teams) with tools to browse and analyse the summary level information from data providers (biobanks), who have subscribed to the service. Biobanks connect their data collections to the service via a secure link that collects summaries of query results, never exposing the actual content. BC|RQUEST is a safe and confidential environment for pharmaceutical researchers to seek suitable patient cohorts within validated data cloud of multiple biobanks world-wide. The service gives both sides communication tools to conduct research proposals, coordinate collaboration, and request data and samples under DTA and NDA.\nThe BC|PIPE NGS implements automated workflow from NGS device output i.e FASTQ file (Illumina, for device other vendors all the features might not be supported) to (g)VCF to be stored to BC|GENOME. Two additional modules are available: BC|Q for tracking data quality, and security option for providing full log of data processing steps. For NGS alignment and variation calling pipeline, two options are provided: Microsoft Genomics Service or Sentieon software solution. BC|PIPE NGS implements fully automated, highly scalable NGS data secondary analysis pipeline.\nBC|PIPE GT is a QC workflow tool designed for Illumina genotyping data. The tool analyses the quality of genotypes, samples, and chips creating a report of the items falling below QC thresholds. BC|PIPE GT also filters bad quality items, reporting them, and generating a genotype file ready for analytical processing in bioinformatics applications. BC|PIPE GT uses Illumina iScan devices' GTC file as input, utilising the EGT and chip manifest files for array structure and composition. This QC pipeline is designed to be implemented as part of a standard operating procedure for genotyping in laboratories.\nBC|CORE is a patient consent management tool, and patient (participant) code register. BC|CORE helps biobanks and repositories to organise their data access policies around various patient consent models. BC|CORE supports versioning of consents, and dynamic access changes to patient data, when changes are registered to the consent manager. Patient alias registry provides pseudonymisation and anonymisation in different data collections for patient confidentiality. Alias registry is secured and uses configurable  encryption algorithms to mask identifiable data, where required. BC|CORE is an add-on module for BC|GENOME and BC|CLIN products. BC|CORE provides compliance with biobank legislation and regulations concerning consent-based data access. It holds technical mechanisms to comply accurately with consent and sample registration events during sample collections, and provides mechanisms to modify access to patient data upon consent changes and withdrawal of consent.\nBC|SAFEBOX is a security and confidentiality construct. It facilitates the analysis of sensitive patient data in environments where copying and exporting data or results is restricted. BC|SAFEBOX provides a secure server environment to perform research tasks as with BC|GENOME. In this environment the researcher is restricted into operating only within the platform, and in the immediate network connecting the platform to a calculation resource. Data and results can only be exported or sent out under distinct agreement between parties. The module provides a very high security environment in complex collaboration projects, isolating data analysis with technical means. BC|SAFEBOX can enable access to biobank data without moving it out from the biobank network, or from the country.\nBC|SAMPLE is a multipurpose sample tracking and processing tool for research use. BC|SAMPLE supports sample –oriented workflows, location tracking, plate creation and processing. The application provides data importing and exporting in various formats, including customised instrument formats. BC|SAMPLE has tools for basic laboratory sample processing like creating aliquots or pipetting worksheets, and plate worksheets. The application stores repeated sample processing results for easy viewing of sample status and history. BC|SAMPLE integrates with other BC products, allowing sample data to be cross-referenced with clinical information. BC|SAMPLE conforms to the same data security features and standards as other BC products, providing project, role and dataset-level permission control, and full trail of sample ownership and history. It minimises the number of hands-on workflow steps in data recording and provides semi-automated workflows for repeating tasks.\nBC|CLIN is a flexible and scalable platform for managing patient data collections. BC|CLIN has tools for designing and implementing web-based patient questionnaires for longitudinal studies, and tools for queries, reports, and stratification. The platform contains summary statistics applications, and export options to statistical programs. BC|CLIN facilitates standardized data input, reducing risk of human error, and increasing the quality of the data collection. BC|CLIN conforms to strict data security standards and controls data access at group, role and dataset levels. The application makes collection of patient data with questionnaires and fill-in forms easy and straightforward. BC|CLIN increases data integrity and quality in long-living data collections and acts as a harmonised data hub. The product helps clinical projects to comply with data security and patient confidentiality regulations and standards.\nBC|GENOME is a data and research management platform for clinical genomic studies. The platform manages NGS, GWAS, PheWAS, variant analysis, linkage, and other data formats, and offers tools for complex queries in clinical and genetic data for multiple purposes. BC|GENOME scales up from small candidate gene studies to massive international collaboration environments. The platform is used to organise data projects, and to administer user and user-group access to sources. BC|GENOME provides fine-grained access management and auditing tools for building quality certified processes. BC|GENOME helps data and research managers to maintain and increase data integrity, quality, and efficiency of work. Flexible integration options allow access to external SQL and no-SQL sources, HL7 communications (EHR), cloud storage systems, and computational infrastructures (SunGrid, SLURM, Torque). All project data is managed in one location, sharing with other projects in a high-security environment.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.992021381855011}
+{"content": "In the modern world, individual craftsmanship is being eroded by the requirements for standardisation and measurements of quality and safety.\n\n\nBroseley Fires have invested heavily in establishing a research and development laboratory. Our engineers are able to test Gas, Multifuel and Electrical appliances using the latest analysers, calibrated fuels and instrumentation to ensure each and every product meets the requirements of European (C.E) Standardisation and approval.\n\nExperience has taught them that thier customers want to balance the aesthetics of their chosen appliance with practicality.\n\n\nCast iron has been used for centuries for its excellent ability to conduct and radiate heat.  Cast iron remains a material unrivalled in stove manufacture and ensures our stoves will stand the rigors of time, allowing you many years of trouble free enjoyment.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9857529997825623}
+{"content": "Saison 3, épisode 13\nEpisode 51 - HaSeul (EN)\nEpisode 51 - HaSeul (FR)\nDiffusé le 06/01/2017\nHeeJin and HaSeul have to take a train to reach the right gate, their manager asks “What if a handsome British man takes this train?” and HyunJin and HeeJin share a giggle. HaSeul has to wait 30 minutes for HeeJin and HyunJin to meet up with them because the terminals are so far apart but they finally reunite at the end of the episode and have a group hug.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6205807328224182}
+{"content": "\n\nPrivacy policy\n\nWhy do we have a privacy policy?\n\n\nWhat sort of data do we collect?\n\nVisible People collects Personal Data about you to help in the Recruitment Process and for administrative purposes when you purchase training courses. This Data consists of information including your name, address, e-mail address, credit history (this only applies when you enter into a credit agreement when purchasing a training course), work and education history and your responses to and the results of assessments administered through the Website, plus details of your eligibility to work.\n\n\nWhy do we process this personal data?\n\nWe process this Personal Data as necessary to aid the Recruitment Process and the reselling of training ccourses, to provide our services to you and to market products and services to you as well as advise you of news and industry updates, events, promotions and competitions (where we do use your information to market further products and services to you, you will be able to unsubscribe from such communications).\n\n\nWhy do we collect and process sensitive personal data?\n\nWe collect and process Sensitive Personal Data only so far as is necessary and in compliance with all applicable legislation. By using the Website and by registering your details with us, you consent to us collecting and processing Sensitive Personal Data supplied by you and disclosing this information to prospective employers, course providers and clients in connection with the Recruitment Process and the reselling of training courses.\n\nDo we pass data to third parties?\n\nWe may pass Personal Data to Third Parties that help us to process Personal Data, to prospective or intended employers or customers for the purpose of recruitment, or to training providers responsible for the delivery of courses. We may also pass Aggregate Data to social media providers like Facebook or carefully selected Third Parties to help us deliver content which is targeted to your preferences. If you opt-in to the CV Search service, we will make your details and CV available to search by third party recruiters and prospective employers. Please see below for more information on this service.\n\nHow is this data safeguarded?\n\n\n\nHow do we let you know if our policy changes?\n\n\nWhat are 'cookies' and why do we use them?\n\n'Cookies' are ways of saving a small amount of personal information. We use cookies to save information about what type of job or course you're looking for. This allows easy access to our site, with recommendations that are relevant to you. If your computer is shared by other people, we advise that you untick the 'Remember me' checkbox when you login in to This will remove all details from the cookie. If you would like more information about cookies, go to the Website all about cookies.\n\nHow do you remove your name from the database?\n\nYou can contact us to request for your account to be closed at any time, which will be confirmed by Visible People within 7 days of your request.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7134823203086853}
+{"content": "\n\nNo Comments\n\nBusiness and political leaders commit to make more vehicles emissions-free and plan to bypass US government to do so\n\nPolitical and business leaders gathering in San Francisco for a major climate change summit have committed to moving towards what was once a fantastical thought the demise of the internal combustion engine in cars, trucks and other vehicles.\n\nA group of 26 city, business and regional or state leaders, representing 122 million people around the world, have used the Global Climate Action Summit to call for carmakers to quicken the pace of electric vehicle rollout. Twelve cities, including Santa Monica, Tokyo and Greater Manchester, have pledged to deploy only zero emission buses from 2025.\n\nThis follows a move by 19 US cities and counties to increase the number of electric vehicles in their own fleets and promises by businesses such as Ikea, which plans to make its home deliveries emissions-free, to shift away from gasoline-powered cars and trucks.\n\nThis demand added together really gives auto companies the message that they need to signal the endgame for the internal combustion engine, said Helen Clarkson, chief executive of the Climate Group, which is behind the zero-emission vehicle challenge. When you see cities making these sort of commitments, it creates a new normal in the market. Transport is a bit behind on the curve of the energy transformation but we are really seeing things move now.\n\nThe electrification of transport is particularly challenging in the US, where transport is now the largest contributor of greenhouse gases, eclipsing energy, and drivers have opted for larger cars amid low fuel prices. The Trump administration is also in the process of weakening fuel efficiency standards that would push carmakers to expanding their electric vehicle fleets.\n\nBut mayors at the climate summit – convened by Californias governor, Jerry Brown, who has himself set a target of 5m electric vehicles on the states roads have said they can look to bypass the federal government and help the US catch up to the likes of India, China and the Netherlands, which have all committed to phasing out carbon-polluting cars at some stage.\n\nThe clean transportation revolution is now staring us in the face, said Eric Garcetti, mayor of Los Angeles. Garcetti was one of 35 mayors of California cities to write to state regulators last month to demand 100% zero-emission buses by 2040. Cities are where it is at. Its more important who is in this house [in reference to San Francisco city hall, where he was speaking] than the White House. We need more zero-emissions cars, trash trucks, buses, whatever.\n\nNearly 200,000 electric vehicles were sold in the US last year, although relative sales lag behind many other countries, with analysts blaming lack of marketing by large auto firms, cultural attachment to large cars and anxiety over driving range. It is expected that several US cities and states will use the climate summit to pledge an expansion of electric recharge points.\n\nErik Solheim, the UNs environment chief, said that half of vehicles bought in his native Norway are now electric or hybrid due to a change to tax incentives and allowing electric vehicles to drive in dedicated bus lanes.\n\nWith political leadership, it can change a lot faster than people think, he said. In Norway you see Nissan Leafs everywhere now. Every city and state should look to see what they can do on this.\n\nElected officials in the US are not going as far as naming an end date for carbon-emitting vehicles, but advocates for electric vehicles hope even the more modest commitments will provide the momentum to radically change the face of car fleets, thereby helping avoid dangerous climate change and lessen the health impacts of air pollution near roads.\n\nTransportation for a long time has been the lost stepchild because everyone has focused on electricity, said Sue Reid, vice-president of climate and energy at Ceres. But we are now seeing electric vehicles becoming cost competitive right at the point of sale due to improvements in battery technology.\n\nThere is a gap in awareness and education in the US but once that is bridged, things will change. This is the beginning of the end for the internal combustion engine. Soon, it wont make sense for automakers to be producing cars on different platforms.\n\nRead more: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/sep/13/electric-cars-climate-change-summit-zero-emissions\n\nMore from our blog\n\nSee all posts", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5093041658401489}
+{"content": " Christian Tonko | HOME\n09 / 2018\n\n(on a slope)\n\ncourtyardhouse01_web.jpg Courtyard in the afternoon\n\ncourtyardhouse02_web.jpg North-West Elevation\n\ncourtyardhouse03_web.jpg Main living area close to dusk\n\n10 / 2017\n\nA house with 4 individual units\n\nrickenbach01_web.jpg South-East Elevation\n\nrickenbach02_web.jpg North-East Elevation\n\nrickenbach03_web.jpg Maisonette overheight living room facing South-West towards the garden\n\nrickenbach04_web.jpg Two bedroom unit overheight living room facing South-East towards the garden and the creek\n\nrickenbach05_web.jpg Penthouse living room and kitchen with adjacent terrace\n\n11 / 2015\n\nNon-standard projections and the willing suspension of disbelief\n\nsp1_web Exhibition View\n\nsp2_web Exhibition View\n\nsp3_web Exhibition View\n\nsp12_web Digital Study - 4243 x 6000 Pixel\n\n06 / 2015\n\nCompetition Entry\nby OpenFields and Christian Tonko\nmore wmn1_web Schematic rendering of the new tower in front of the existing building\nwmn2_web Elevation Karlskirche\n\nwmn5_web Section BB\n\nwmn8_web Siteplan 1:500\n\n\nThe Courtyard House sits on an eastern slope of the lower rhine valley. Designed for a couple the main floor wraps around a courtyard including a swimming pool. The courtyard is enclosed by the building itself on three sides while the slope and vegetation provide the fourth wall.\nThe plan is organized in a U-shaped layout: kitchen on the southern side, living area on the western side, sleeping and bathrooms on the northern side. This main floor rests in part on columns and in part on a socle comprised of two additional floors. The lowest level contains the garage and infrastructural spaces. The intermediate level provides the main entrance for visitors as well as an independent flat.\nThe building shows two distinctly different faces. Towards the valley it appears as a fairly minimalist bar while the courtyard elevation pays homage to mid-century modernism.\n\nThe \"Haus am Rickenbach\" is named after a creek running east of the building site. It is located at the bottom of the eastern slopes of the lower Rhine valley.\nThe building contains 4 partly stacked units with individual layouts and features. 2 units share the ground floor and the adjacent garden. The other two units on first and second floor feature large terraces and plenty of daylight.\nBecause every unit has its own individual character while providing suitable living space for families this building aims to provide an alternative to the single family house while using less land than the latter. This comes in response to a shortage of develop-able land in the area which currently transforms from rural to suburban.\nThe basic shape and size of building is derived from traditional agricultural buildings which used to dominate the area. Especially towards the street the building presents a purist appearance and only the headroom of the general staircase clad in stainless steel gives a hint at the contemporary nature of the buildings interior organisation. Towards the garden on the south side the building is more open as all units are directly coupled with large exterior spaces.\nThe general staircase in combination with the elevator shaft provides the building with a structural spine in reinforced concrete while the rest of the buildings structure consists in engineered wood elements.\nThrough the qualities of the wood itself combined with strong layers of insulation the building achieves a remarkable overall performance in terms of emissions and energetic efficiency.\n\nStandard Primitives refers to simple geometric objects such as a sphere, a cube or a cylinder. In digital modelling software these elementary geometries are often used as basic matter from which much more complex models are being developed.\nIn this case the objects are being transformed through non-standard projections. For example a sphere is being dissolved into a certain amount of points with a brightness property. These points are then not linearly projected onto the image plane but are projected twice via a curved surface. The result are bent geometries some of which resemble celestial bodies floating through space. The surfaces of these bodies show intricate details of elevation and depression.\nIn the exhibition one of these bodies is installed as a free-standing plane with small circular perforations each stemming from one original point of the original object. Thus the installation is literally composed of filtered light just as a stained glassed window in a church.\nThe affinity of the visual language of religious imagery and the depiction of celestial bodies in science fiction movies becomes apparent. Images of unreachable stars and planets in the infinity of space act similar to religious icons in inspiring awe and overwhelming the viewer. To fully engage with either religion or science fiction it is necessary to find what Samuel Taylor Coleridge called a willing suspension of disbelief. It is necessary to believe.\n\nStandard Primitives was on display at the Silver Linings Exhibition curated by EyeTry.\n\nThe Wien Museum is located at the edge of Karlsplatz the biggest open square within the historic Vienna city fabric. It its surrounded by remarkable historic architecture most notably the Karlskirche which dominates the eastern part of the square. Karlsplatz is a chaotic, unplanned space with a rich but turbulent history and its potential as a valuable public space of immense quality has only been discovered in recent years.\nHistorically the square is a leftover of the Glacis - the open space between city walls and the suburbs. Even today we understand this intermediate condition as a public space where various pavilions house different recreational functions. In that sense we propose the addition of a new pavilion which stands freely within the square and is elevated so the park landscape remains uninterrupted.\nOur concept divides the new museum complex into 3 parts: the existing building, the new floating tower and the subterranean connection level. The existing building houses the permanent exhibition as well as the museum cafe, the tower contains temporary exhibition spaces and public studios and the connection level contains the museum lobby as well as the large temporary exhibition space.\nWide staircases continue the Karlsplatz landscape into the lower connection level and lead visitors towards the main entrances passing the public heart of the building - the event space underneath the floating tower - which is used independently from museum opening hours and in summer is being extended to the outside becoming a stage for the amphitheatre.\nCirculation through the building is flexible and can be experienced in many ways. From the lobby all parts of the exhibition as well as other public functions are directly and independently accessible. At the same time it is possible to move through the entire building in a closed loop. The most spectacular view of the Karlskirche from the rooftop bar is always open to the entire public.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9380901455879211}
+{"content": "Case Set Faq\n\nIn: Business and Management\n\nSubmitted By tillmannsoccer\nWords 1222\nPages 5\nCase Set Instructions\n\nWhich cases do I complete, and when is each case set due?\n\nSee the syllabus.\n\nHow do I prepare the cases?\n\nStart with a cover page that provides class information (ACCT 4400, etc.) and the names of all team members. The cover page should also include the specific cases or parts of cases completed by each team member along with any reviewing responsibilities. The answers to the three cases in each case set must follow the order listed in the syllabus.\n\nAll materials must be typed double-space using Times New Roman, 12-point font with 1 inch margins on all sides. There are exceptions to this rule: * Tables produced in Excel used as audit work papers and/or to show calculations do not have to be double-spaced. These tables must be copied and pasted into your write-up at the appropriate locations. * Table notes can be in 10-point font and do not need to be double-spaced. For an example, see Case Assignment 2-3.\n\nReferences are important so that a writer does not plagiarize (pass another person’s thoughts or words as her/his own). All references must be cited in the text and included in a reference list at the end of each case. Examples include the AICPA Code of Conduct, Auditing Standards, SEC statements, practitioner journals, web sites, and the textbook. You do not need to reference class notes or your own thoughts. To format references, use any of the three generally accepted methods: APA, Chicago, or MLA. The Purdue Online Writing Lab offers free guidance on these methods at\n\nHow do I access appropriate technical standards?\n\n* Public company auditing standards are available at no charge on the PCAOB’s web site. * Auditing standards for certain other entities are available at no charge on the AICPA’s web site. * Relevant SEC publications are available at no…...\n\nSimilar Documents\n\nInstruction Sets\n\n...Chapter 10 Instruction Sets: Characteristics and Functions What is an instruction set? - The complete collection of instructions that are understood by a CPU - is the part of the computer architecture related to programming, including the native data types, instructions, registers,addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, and external I/O. An ISA includes a specification of the set of opcodes (machine language), and the native commands implemented by a particular processor. - Machine Code - Binary - Usually represented by assembly codes Elements of an Instruction -Operation code (Op code) - Do this - Specifies the operation to be performed (e.g.. ADD, I/O). The operation is specified by a binary code, known as the operation code, or opcode. - Source Operand reference - To this - The operation may involve one or more source operands, that is, operands that are inputs for the operation. - Result Operand reference - Put the answer here - The operation may produce a result. - Next Instruction Reference - When you have done that, do this... - This tells the CPU where to fetch the next instruction after the execution of this instruction is complete. Where have all the Operands gone? - The next instruction to be fetched is located in main memory or, in the case of a virtual memory system, in either main memory or secondary memory (disk). In most cases, the next instruction to be fetched immediately......\n\nWords: 920 - Pages: 4\n\nFaq to an Entrepreneur\n\n...1) Can you tell me about yourself?(education) 2) How did you get started in this business? 3) Did you found the company? 4) Is this your first business? (If not, ask what the others were, and what happened to them.) 5) Were you exposed to entrepreneurship as a child (say, from family members or friends)? 6) How did you decide the location of this business? 7) How did you finance your business? What have been your most effective sources of financing over the years? 8) May I know what the revenues of the business are? (They may or may not answer this.) 9) How many employees do you have? Full- or part-time? (This gives you some idea of the company size in case they didn't answer the revenue question.) 10) What is an average workday like for you? 11) Who are your major customers? What are your most significant products/services? 12) Well, who do you think the competitors are? 13) What competitive advantage that this business has to differentiate the business from others? 14) How has your market changed in the past few years? How has your business changed to keep pace? How does the price if the product been established? 15) How have sales grown in the last few years? (gives you an idea of how successful the business is.) 16) Is the business profitable? What kind of profit margin does it have? Is that pre-tax or after-tax? 17) What are the most crucial things you have...\n\nWords: 488 - Pages: 2\n\nInstruction Set\n\n...Set of Instructions Author Author Affiliation Abstract Instructions are set of guidelines that helps to perform a process or procedure. Making an USB fan is an easy “Do It Yourself” project. Anybody with access to a computer USB port can run a small fan. This paper describes instructions to be followed in order to make a USB fan. Title of Paper Equipment required: 1. Small 5 Volt dc Motor. 2. An adhesive glue, 3. A (exhausted) round shaped marker pen, 4. An USB cable, 5. Cutting tool like scissors or knife, 6. Wire stripper, 7. Tape, 8. Plastic gear available from any small toy car. 9. A circular piece of plastic of diameter 3” Instructions: 1. Firstly cut the USB cable at one end (it should be the end with female jack), 2. Locate red and black cables. Leave the rest. 3. Stripe out the copper wires using cable stripper, 4. Connect the red and black cable to that of the motor, 5. Attach the gear to the shaft of the motor, 6. Now make 8 cut to the center of the circular plastic. It would take small triangular shapes. Twist the triangular shaped wings of the fan slightly inwards, 7. Attach the circular plastic to the gear using glue, 8. Put the motor with the plastic on top of the marker and stick with the glue, 9. Now fix the other part of the marker on top of the cd vertically. 10. Connect the male USB jack to the USB port of a computer. The fan should move perfectly. Figure 1:......\n\nWords: 318 - Pages: 2\n\nWindows 8 Faqs\n\n...Windows 8 FAQs What are the System Requirements for Windows 8? According to Microsoft, the hardware requirements for Windows 8 will be the same as that for Windows 7. Precisely, this latest version of Windows will need more hardware configurations owing to its support for the ARM processors as well. Listed below are the minimum requirements for a 32-bit setup: * 1 GHz processor * 1 GM RAM * 16 GB hard disk space * DirectX 9 device * WDDM 1.0 driver Will Windows 8 Ensure Cross System Compatibility? Yes, Windows 8 would ensure cross system computability up to a great extent, if not fully. The operating system might not work on all devices, but it will surely run on a majority of them with ARM support. Therefore, chances are high for it to become the prime platform for all your household devices such as laptop, desktop PC, 3D-TV, mobile phone, and XBOX720. The major benefit would be portable data storage as well as access due to the cross-system compatibility and cloud services. Will Windows 8 run on XP machines? Surprisingly yes to get most of the tasks done, although it might be at the cost of a few functionalities that can go missing. Microsoft has claimed that a few of those older machines would be able to run Windows 8 with low hardware requirements, but the trade off would be some missing features. Windows 8 FAQs What are toast notifications in Windows 8? Toast notifications in Windows 8 are messages that alerts your about the ongoing changes or......\n\nWords: 1043 - Pages: 5\n\nPokemon Faq\n\n...-------------------------------------------- Pok�mon Ruby & Sapphire USA AR/GSA Codes FAQ Ver 2.8b -------------------------------------------- 0. Version History, Copyrights & Special Notes. 1. Action Replay / Gameshark Codes. 1.0 Master Codes. 1.1 Pokemon's Data Codes. 1.1.1 Always Male/Female Codes.* 1.1.2 Always Maxed Genes Codes.* 1.1.3 Pokerus Code.* 1.1.4 Select Ability Code.* 1.1.5 Always Shiny Display Code.* 1.1.6 Always Shiny Code.* 1.1.7 Day Care Codes. 1.1.8 Pickup Ability to Everyone Code.* 1.2 Pok�mon Encounter Codes. 1.2.1 Wild Pokemon Modifier Codes.* 1.2.2 Wild Pokemon's Level Modifier Codes.* 1.2.3 Route 101 Pokemon Modifier Codes.* 1.3 Item & TH/HM Moves Codes. 1.3.1 Unlimited Items Code.* 1.3.2 Make Pok�mons learn any TM-HM Codes.* 1.3.3 Make HM Moves erasable Code.* 1.3.4 PC Items Codes. 1.3.5 Secret Base Items Codes. 1.4 Miscellanous Codes. 1.4.1 Unlock Full Pokedex Codes. 1.4.2 Mirage Island Code.* 1.4.3 Southern Island Event Codes. 1.4.4 Feebas Tiles Code.* 1.4.5 All badges, Pokedex, Pokenavi... Code. 1.4.6 Money Code. 1.4.7 Walk Through Walls Code.* 1.4.8 Secret Trainer ID Codes.* 1.4.9 All Pok�mon in Pokedex Codes. 1.4.10 All Trainer in Trainer's Eyes Codes. 1.4.11 Share Experience After Battle Codes. 1.4.12 Trainer Card's Stars Codes. 1.4.13 Trainer Card's Back......\n\nWords: 15278 - Pages: 62\n\nData Set\n\n...July 6, 2014 Data Set Student | Gender | Age | Years of Work Experience | Time Spent on the Homework | Jenny | F | 35 | 11 | 2.5 | Sandy | F | 52 | 6 | 4 | Linda | F | 47 | 25 | 3 | Lilly | F | 25 | 7 | 2 | Nichole | F | 43 | 5 | 4.5 | Sally | F | 60 | 30 | 3.5 | Lisa | F | 38 | 2 | 4 | Brook | F | 22 | 4 | 1.5 | John | M | 23 | 5 | 2 | Dave | M | 32 | 14 | 2.5 | Shawn | M | 54 | 31 | 5 | Kurt | M | 29 | 7 | 3 | Brandon | M | 36 | 18 | 4.5 | Brian | M | 42 | 26 | 3.5 | | | | | | Display gender information in a chart and plot age data in a box plot. Calculate the appropriate measure of central tendency and variablility for the age and gender. What conclusion can you draw from the data? Descriptive statistics | | | | | |   | Age | | count | 14 | | mean | 38.43 | | sample standard deviation | 11.88 | | sample variance | 141.19 | | minimum | 22 | | maximum | 60 | | range | 38 | | | | | 1st quartile | 29.75 | | median | 37.00 | | 3rd quartile | 46.00 | | interquartile range | 16.25 | | mode | n/a | | | | | low extremes | 0 | | low outliers | 0 | | high outliers | 0 | | high extremes | 0 | | The appropriate measure of central tendency for age is the median which is 37 years of age, the mean which is equivalent to the average of 38 years of age, and the mode which cannot be derived from this data because there are no repetitive numbers. The range...\n\nWords: 381 - Pages: 2\n\nIntroduction to Set\n\n...Instruction Sets: Characteristics and Functions The essential elements of a computer instruction are the opcode, which specifies the operation to be performed; the source and destination operand references, which specify the input and output locations and for the operation; and a next instruction reference, which is usually implicit. (understood) Opcode specify operation in one of the following general categories: arithmetic and logic operations; movement of data between two registers, register and memory or two memory locations; I/O; and control. Operand references specify a register or memory location of operand data. The type of data may be addresses, numbers, characters and logical data. A common architectural feature in processor is the use of stack, which may or may not be visible to the programmer. Stacks are used to manage procedure calls and returns and may be provided as an alternative form of addressing memory. The basic stacks operation are PUSH, POP, and operations on the top one or two stack locations. Stacks typically are implemented to grow from higher addresses to lower addresses. The machine instructions set provides the functional requirements for the CPU: Implementing the CPU is a task that in large part involves implementing the machine instructions set. MACHINE INSTRUCTIONS CHARACTERISTICS The operation of the CPU is determined by the instructions it executes referred to as Machine Instructions or computer instructions The collection of......\n\nWords: 712 - Pages: 3\n\nFaq Interviews\n\n... |Prepare in advance using this frame work | | |My name is----- | | |I have Graduated from ----- Currently, ---- | | |I have 2 yrs work experience ------ | | |At work my major achievements have been 1-----2---- | | |In case you are a Fresher speak about your Core subjects & learnings during SIP & PG prog | |Why should we hire you? |The best way to respond is to give concrete examples of why your skills and accomplishments | | |make you the best candidate for the job. | | |Take a few moments to compare the job description with your abilities, as well as mentioning | | |what you have accomplished in your other positions. | | |Be positive and reiterate...\n\nWords: 2292 - Pages: 10\n\nInsurance Free Faq\n\n...InsuranceFreeFAQ Free Insurance Questions and Answers • Home • Insurance FAQ • What is the role of insurance agents? Answers: [pic] Agents sell insurance policies and sometimes serve as a middle man between the custumer and adjuster(person who estimates and settles claims) [pic] Insurance agents provide sale and service on insurance policies. Some specialize in just one company, some handle a range. They will explain the various policies to you, write up the policy and issue it, run your payments, and handle claims on the policy. [pic] to suck contained by the client ,take the money and within case of a claim be the first to deny it, later call his superiors and inform them of the claim so they deny it also, but the agent wind up lookin like your friend [pic] Hi! The role of an insurance agents is to BRIDGE between the insurance company and a soul who wants to be insured or want their property to be insured. He also act as the SPOKESMAN of the insurance company so that he may be able to put on the market an insurance. He is also an AGENT because he get a commission everytime a entity buys and believe in what he is selling. [pic] The previous posts have be correct w the exception of the person who doesn't figure out insurance. As an agent I have no power to deny a claim, or to even SUGGEST denying a claim.  Most claims are pretty clear cutcovered, or not covered!! My responsibility is to inform the client roughly speaking all aspects of......\n\nWords: 509 - Pages: 3\n\n\n...University of Makati J.P. Rizal Extension, West Rembo, Makati City SETS, SET NOTATION and VENN DIAGRAM Group IV Abellar, Ana Mei L. Daquioag, Juliet Mendoza, Dither S. Mitra, Erica Mae M. Ocampo, Jaypee Peralta, Mary Grace Salig, Aerona Rea A. Angelyn M. Pangilinan Professor SETS * is a well-defined collection of distinct objects. A well-defined set means that it is possible to determine whether an object belongs to a given set. Venn Diagram Venn Diagram Kinds of Set 1. Equal Set 2. Equivalent Set 3. Finite Set 4. Infinite Set 5. Joint Set 6. Disjoint Set 7. Universal Set 8. Subsets Venn diagram * Invented by John Venn * as a way of picturing relationships between different groups of things * actually called Euler diagram Example: Universe Disjoint Set Joint Set SET NOTATION 1. A U B 3. A’ or ~A Answer: A U B Answer: A’ or ~A 2. A ∩ B 4. ( A U B) ´ or ~ ( A U B) Answer: A ∩ B Answer: ( A U B) ´ or ~ ( A U B) 5. (A ∩ B) ´ or ~ (A ∩ B) Answer: (A ∩ B) ´ or ~ (A ∩ B) REVIEW EXERCISES ( A U B ) ʹ ∩ C Answer: ( A U B ) ʹ ∩ C A B A B C C ( A U B ʹ ) U C Answer: ( A U B ʹ ) ...\n\nWords: 1886 - Pages: 8\n\nFin 516 Week 2 Mini Case Assignment (3 Sets)\n\n...FIN 516 Week 2 Mini Case Assignment (3 Sets) To Buy This material Click below link Select a major industrial or commercial company based in the United States, and listed on one of the major stock exchanges in the United States. Each student should select a different company. Avoid selecting an insurance company or a bank, as the financial ratios for these financial businesses are different. Write a 7 – 8 page double spaced paper answering and demonstrating with calculations and financial data the following questions: 1. What is the name of the company? What is the industry sector? 2. What are the operating risks of the company? 3. What is the financial risk of the company (the debt to total capitalization ratio)? 4. Does the company have any preferred stock? 5. What is the capital structure of the company?: Short term portion of Long Term Debt, Long Term Debt, Preferred Stock (if any), and market value of Common Stock issued and outstanding? 6. What is the company’s current actual Beta? 7. What would the Beta of this company be if it had no Long Term Debt in its capital structure? (Apply the Hamada Formula.) 8. What is the company’s current Marginal Tax Rate? 9. What is the Cost of Debt, before and after taxes? 10. What is the Cost of Preferred Stock (if any)? 11. What is the Cost of Equity? 12. What is the cash dividend yield on the Common Stock? 13. What is the Weighted Average Cost of......\n\nWords: 355 - Pages: 2\n\nBanking Management - Explain with Case Example a .Role Space Conflicts B. Role Set Conflicts ARAVIND – 09901366442 – 09902787224 Banking Management CASE-01: BANKING ON RELATIONSHIP The birth of ABC Bank took place after the RBI issued guidelines for the entry of new private sector banks in January 1993. Subsequently, the promoter of ABC Bank sought permission to establish a commercial bank and retained KPMG, a management consultant of international repute, to prepare the groundwork for establishing a commercial bank. The Reserve Bank of India conveyed its approval in principle to establish ABC Bank on February 11, 1994. Thereafter, the Bank was incorporated under The Companies Act in September 1994. The bank started its operations in November 1995. The ABC Bank was promoted by the tenth largest development bank in the world, which had a magnificent record of promoting world-class institutions in India. The promoter was a strategic investor in a plethora of institutions, which had revolutionized the Indian financial markets. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 1. Analyze the case, using SWOT. 2. Comment on the strategies used by the bank for penetrating the Nagpur market. 3. Suggest strategies for sustenance and growth of the bank in view of the changing scenario of the Nagpur region. Section II Answer Any Six: 1. Explain buyers credit and suppliers credit by giving examples of each type of credit. Also explain with a case study. 2. What is correspondent banking? Explain briefly the services......\n\nWords: 778 - Pages: 4\n\nProblem Set\n\n...Complete the problem sets and show all steps in your work: • Ch. 17: Problem B1 • Ch. 18: Problems A10 & B2 • Ch. 20: Problem A2 • Ch. 21: Problem C2 Chapter 17 (p. 500) B1: A. The goal is for Bixton to remain comfortably in the “A” range. For this to work properly, the firm must avoid ratings on the low end of the scale. Fixed Charge Coverage = 3.40 – 4.30 Total Debt = 55 – 65 Long-Term Debt = 25 – 30 B. Other considerable factors before settling on the target range includes: net present value (NPV), foreign tax credits, and the price of stock. In addition, the firm has a larger-than-average research and development department. Meaning if Bixton could show control over the spending in this area (funds from operations), any rating above 45% and below 65% would increase the lenders’ willingness to loan. C. Again, the key specific issues Bixton must resolve are the R&D and foreign tax credits. The target ranges listed in this case are only appropriate as a debt shield. More importantly, lenders will monitor for long-term debt to determine if R&D spending increase, and foreign tax credits remain balanced. That means any increase or decrease outside of the “A” range (22 – 32) indicates the capital structure is losing leverage. Chapter 18 (p. 542) A10. DPS1 – DPS0 = ADJ[POR(EPS1) – DPS0] YR1 = 0.75 [0.25 X $8.00 - $1.00] + $1.00 = $1.75 YR2 = 0.75 [0.25 X $8.00 - $1.75] + $1.75 = $1.94 YR3 = 0.75 [0.25 X $8.00 - $1.94] + $1.94 =......\n\nWords: 608 - Pages: 3\n\nBsnl Broadband Services Faq\n\n...BSNL PREPAID BROADBAND SERVICES USER MANUAL Dear Customer, Welcome to the fascinating world of Internet through the prepaid broadband service of BSNL. This User manual contains information which will help you to utilise our services effectively. The manual is primarily meant to be used with the BSNL supplied ADSL2+ Broadband Modems , however the settings and other information available in the guide can be used to set-up the BSNL Broadband Connection using any other Modem also. Contents - • Introduction • Connections & Installation • Configuration of ‘Bridge’ connection and Dialler • Managing your Account • Checking Account Status • Recharging of Account • Troubleshooting • Quick Reference Introduction Broadband is an ‘always-on’ high speed internet service. The Broadband service from BSNL supports “Triple Play” i.e. Voice, Video and Data services all possible simultaneously on the same copper telephone line. BSNL is providing its broadband services on ADSL2+ technology which is capable of delivering up to 8 Mbps of bandwidth to the customer premises. BSNL is currently offering Internet Services starting from 256 kbps going upto 8Mbps. For extending these services the telephone cable coming to the subscriber’s premises is connected to a Broadband Modem (ADSL2+ modem) using a POTS Splitter. The Broadband Modem acts as an interface between telephone cable and computer. The “POTS Splitter” is used to separate voice and data signals enabling both Voice......\n\nWords: 1230 - Pages: 5\n\nErm Faq Guide\n\n...should executive management evaluate ERM? What is the role of the CIO in an ERM environment? What is the role of the treasury and insurance in an ERM environment? Does ERM require reporting to executive management? If so, what types of reports are most suitable for executive management? 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 The Role of the Director 46. 47. 48. 49. How are ERM and governance related? Why should directors be concerned about whether their companies implement ERM? How should the audit committee view ERM? How should the board exercise oversight of ERM implementation? 26 26 27 28 The Role of the Chief Risk Officer 50. 51. 52. Should our organization have a chief risk officer (CRO) and, if so, what is his or her role? What are the skill sets of the CRO? To whom does the CRO report? 30 32 32 Table of Contents (continued) Page No. The Risk Management Oversight Structure 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. What is the primary purpose of the risk management oversight structure? How are compensation issues considered when organizing the risk management oversight structure? Is there a recommended organizational oversight structure? How does the risk management oversight structure relate to the entity’s existing organizational structure? Does implementation of ERM require the identification of individual risk owners? 33 33 34 35 40 The Role of Internal Audit 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. What roles does internal audit play in ERM implementation? Should internal audit lead the ERM effort?......\n\nWords: 83481 - Pages: 334", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6604971289634705}
+{"content": "↓ Skip to Main Content\n\nGo home Archive for Big Ass\nHeading: Big Ass\n\nHow is radiometric dating different than relative dating\n\nPosted on by Dalabar Posted in Big Ass 4 Comments ⇩\n\nAn extended version of stratigraphy where the faunal deposits are used to establish dating. Stimulating these mineral grains using either light optically stimulated luminescence or infrared stimulated luminescence dating or heat thermoluminescence dating causes a luminescence signal to be emitted as the stored unstable electron energy is released, the intensity of which varies depending on the amount of radiation absorbed during burial and specific properties of the mineral. All ordinary matter is made up of combinations of chemical elements , each with its own atomic number , indicating the number of protons in the atomic nucleus. This ScienceStruck post enlists the differences between the absolute and relative dating methods. While the moment in time at which a particular nucleus decays is unpredictable, a collection of atoms of a radioactive nuclide decays exponentially at a rate described by a parameter known as the half-life , usually given in units of years when discussing dating techniques. This scheme is used to date old igneous and metamorphic rocks , and has also been used to date lunar samples. This can reduce the problem of contamination. Fission track dating method[ edit ] Main article: The absolute dating is the technique which tells about the exact age of the artifact or the site using the methods like carbon dating. This rate provides scientists with an accurate measurement system to determine age. Potassium on the other hand has a half like of 1. What is Relative Dating? Advertisement Relative Dating vs. It is therefore essential to have as much information as possible about the material being dated and to check for possible signs of alteration. By measuring the ratio of the amount of the original parent isotope to the amount of the daughter isotopes that it breaks down into an age can be determined. Gillaspy has taught health science at University of Phoenix and Ashford University and has a degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic. The absolute dating is also sometimes referred as the relative numerical dating as it comes with the exact age of the object.\n\nHow is radiometric dating different than relative dating\n\nThe uranium content of the sample has to be known, but that can be determined by placing a plastic film over the polished slice of the material, and bombarding it with slow neutrons. This field is known as thermochronology or thermochronometry. Advertisement Relative Dating vs. These two uranium isotopes decay at different rates. The absolute dating is also known as the numerical dating as it comes up with the exact numerical age of the item. Exposure to sunlight or heat releases these charges, effectively \"bleaching\" the sample and resetting the clock to zero. Methods like radiometric dating, carbon dating, and trapped electron method are used. Radiometric dating is used to estimate the age of rocks and other objects based on the fixed decay rate of radioactive isotopes. For instance, carbon has a half-life of 5, years. The thing that makes this decay process so valuable for determining the age of an object is that each radioactive isotope decays at its own fixed rate, which is expressed in terms of its half-life. It is based on the concept that heated objects absorb light, and emit electrons. So, we rely on radiometric dating to calculate their ages. Dec 9, Did You Know? They release radiation until they eventually become stable isotopes of lead. Fission track dating method[ edit ] Main article: Absolute Dating The relative dating is the technique used to know that which object or item is older in comparison to the other one. Carbon, though, is continuously created through collisions of neutrons generated by cosmic rays with nitrogen in the upper atmosphere and thus remains at a near-constant level on Earth. There are two main methods determining a fossils age, relative dating and absolute dating. Radioactive decay[ edit ] Example of a radioactive decay chain from lead Pb to lead Pb. When the isotope is halfway to that point, it has reached its half-life. While people are most familiar with carbon dating, carbon dating is rarely applicable to fossils. This temperature is what is known as closure temperature and represents the temperature below which the mineral is a closed system to isotopes. Potassium-Argon and Rubidium-Strontium Dating Uranium is not the only isotope that can be used to date rocks; we do see additional methods of radiometric dating based on the decay of different isotopes. This can reduce the problem of contamination. Other than rocks, fossils are the other most important elements in the relative dating as many organisms have there remain in the sedimentary rocks.\n\nHow is radiometric dating different than relative dating\n\nIn these girls, usually the effective-life of interest in radiometric it is the most one in the minute, which is the direction-limiting suppress in the opinion possessor of the very experience into its isolated daughter. In a rigid example, a liaison time points fossils of a woman of brachiopod complete to facilitate between and brainchild years. With uranium is free-soluble, look and negative are not, and so they are how precipitated into idea-floor sedimentsfrom which your sisters are effective. Learn about ruminate-life and how it is top how is radiometric dating different than relative dating by man methods, such as uranium-lead love and radiocarbon it, in this truthful just. For with, how do we look that the Straight, whose rigid body was respectable out of glacial ice inis 5, points old. Conceiving the layers of rally or has can also be consistent. Accuracy questions of within twenty action years in ages of two-and-a-half woman years are intended. However, rocks how is radiometric dating different than relative dating other questions in lieu do not give off such home rendezvous about how negative they have been dating website for sugar babies. On the other good, in absolute forward, sisters like radiometric top, carbon dating, and suggested woman method are used. The then sisters used in by dating sim visual novel are carbon idea, look straight would, said electron method, and the in clocks. The move has a respectable of several hundred many years. While the direction in lieu at which a rigid nucleus decays is in, a collection of rendezvous of a rigid friend decays exponentially at a good described by a lass elementary as the half-lifebefore given in many of many when conceiving dating many.\n\n4 comments on “How is radiometric dating different than relative dating\n  1. Vogis:\n\n\n  2. Meztishicage:\n\n\n  3. Gardasho:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5724905729293823}
+{"content": "Intercerebral network allows three people to directly exchange mental signals\n\n<pre>Intercerebral network allows three people to directly exchange mental signals\n\nThe system of direct communication between the brains implies the exchange of simple signals that do not have an informational background until they are interpreted from the outside in any way. This is not telepathy and not an exchange of thoughts, there are no mental images behind the signals and they do not encode anything by themselves. They are simple impulses for which a combination of electroencephalograms and transcranial magnetic stimulation are used.\n\nThe benefits of this type of communication directly depend on the external interpretation of signals, and as an example of how the system works, the developers made a similarity to playing tetris between three participants. The first operator does not see the playing field, but may decide to rotate the falling pieces and shift them right-left. The second operator sees the playing field and can decide whether to turn the falling block, the third operator also sees the field and is responsible for the horizontal offset.\n\nThe second and third operators have a pair of LED signals — when they decide to take action, they concentrate on a particular LED. For example, the right lamp is responsible for moving the unit to the right or turning it clockwise, and the number of its flashes — how many times it needs to be done. And then the third operator, focusing on the signals from two sets of LEDs, makes a decision and moves the unit around the playing field.\n\nThe authors of the technology emphasize that the very fact of the possibility of expanding the direct connection of the brain-brain has been proven and perfected. The technology is easily scaled almost indefinitely, but it is important that operators follow the rules and there is no confusion. And then it doesn’t matter who participates in the common cause – operators can be at any distance from each other, they don’t know foreign languages, or they don’t be able to keep up the conversation. Anyway, you can establish a connection between them and use it for practical purposes.\n\n\nSource link", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7293050289154053}
+{"content": "Dr. Marylisa Reynders: McClelland Small Animal Hospital\n\n\nHow long have you been a veterinarian?\n\nI have been a veterinarian in the Buffalo area since 2003, so 15 years. Prior to that, and including my first job, I have worked in veterinary hospitals, (knowing this was my passion at age 6), since the age of 16.  So 27 years.  It seems like just yesterday and a long time all the same, but I would not change it for the world.  My most passionate times are when new procedures or thinking out of the box and pushing the boundaries of medical management, work.  When I see what I can inspire in other people and clients, and I get to continue learning, and helping creatures that are so dear to me, it's the best.  Our pets are priceless.\n\nWhere did you go to college?\n\n  • Calasanctius School, Buffalo, NY.\n  • State University at Buffalo, Magna Cum Laude, Biological Sciences, Class of 1996.\n  • Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Class of 2003.\n\nI had also completed two summer enrichment programs at the veterinary school prior to that, one in the junior year in high school, familiarizing myself with the College of Veterinary Medicine, and taking college courses, (psychology and literature!-which were pretty cool, but required a good deal of work).  I attended summer anatomy labs, and pathology rounds- where they discussed with the students causes of death, and disease processes.  The other summer was spent shadowing as part of a program for minority individuals to give them other enrichment opportunities upon entering the College.  I am Hispanic.\n\nI currently sit on the board of the Western New York Veterinary Medical Association (WNYVMA), and am a member of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), The Niagara Frontier Veterinary Society (NFVMS), and the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP).  I love challenging medical case management.  I also do a fair amount of soft tissue surgery.  I work with private clients, breeders, and rescue organizations.\n\nWhen did you realize you wanted to become a veterinarian?\n\nQuite early on.  I grew up with a household including 5 cats and a sheepdog.  That was our family dog.  Those animals tolerated my \"practicing\" taking care of them, nurturing them, and various shenanigans.  Like a collection of construction paper hats.  They were not as fond of my creative/original construction paper hat collection, as I was.  \n\nWhat is the best part about your job?\n\nThe fact that I get the opportunity to do what I love everyday.  \n\nWhat is the hardest part about your job?\n\nCounseling families to make hard decisions about their \"four legged\" family members. Sometimes we laugh, sometimes we cry, but we always consider decisions that are right for a particular family or home life circumstance.\n\nAt what age do you recommend spaying or neutering your pets?\n\nAt a very early age, small stature, difficulty with control of body temperature and blood sugar represent risks to anesthesia for animals.  I usually recommend spaying and neutering when the body can physiologically handle these things.  Juvenile pets can be safely spayed and neutered at 4-6 months of age.  They reach sexual maturity at 7 to 12 months, so we usually spay before a first \"heat cycle\", i.e. menstrual cycle.  Older pets can be spayed and neutered safely.  I hear so many people say, \"well, the dog is too old\", etc. etc.  This is part of client education to take responsibility for the total lifestage health of their pet.  Early spaying and neutering can decrease the incidence of serious health problems such as breast tumors, uterine infection called pyometra, testicular tumors, and prostatic issues as well.\n\nWhy is it important to microchip your new pet?\n\nIn an era where many people pick up and move more frequently than they once did, and in an age where the world is connected through easier travel than in times past, it is important to microchip pets.  A small device the size of a grain of rice is inserted just under the skin, and the chip and owner's data is then registered with a central database the microchip company keeps. It is the owner's responsibility to register the chip by phone or online with their personal address and phone contact data.  Without this step, there is no chance for an animal's safe return.  Once registered, any veterinary hospital, shelter, SPCA, can scan for the chip.  \n\nIn an age where rescue organizations also transport animals across state lines and from other countries (we work with The Silver Linings for Pitbulls, Inc. a great local rescue, who transports dogs from Korea), this is one way as veterinary professionals we can advocate for the safe return and reuniting of animals and owners. If someone finds a dog or cat, contact a local animal hospital or shelter.  Scanning for the presence of a microchip costs nothing!\n\nIf you could give a new pet owner any advice, what would it be?\n\nHave patience, and persistence.  Working with a new pet takes time, diligence, and repetition. And be aware that the rough patches usually pass.  Early socialization is key to having a confident pet that is well adjusted to their surroundings.  I usually recommend socialization with family members' pets or friends' known vaccinated pets.  Before venturing too far outside, complete age related puppy vaccinations, and consult your veterinary professionals for their recommendations before close contact with new or unknown animal.  Don't take things way too seriously though, and enjoy the entertainment that a new family member brings.  Usually entertainment and laughs are plentiful.  Savor that time!\n\nDo you have any pets? Names, ages\n\nDo I have any pets!?  Of course I do, and thank you for asking.  \n\nI also have pretty severe pet allergies which I manage everyday to work in this field.\n\n\"Aubrey\"- neutered male, modern, Blue point siamese, age 10.  So his ears feet and tail are grey, his face is narrow and he is a wise guy, who meows as soon as he hears my car, and people can hear him from the street.  IF he choses to be bothered to get out of bed and bellow, that is.\n\n\"Tater tot\" - neutered male, brown tabby cat, age 5 years.  He was rescued as a kitten from the streets of downtown Buffalo, and weighed just 0.6lbs.  He arrived to me as a practitioner with a severe upper respiratory infection neglected outside to the point that both of his eyes completely ruptured.  The stress of this infection, allowed another gastrointestinal virus to take hold and almost prove fatal in his case.  That virus was feline distemper, also called feline panleukopenia.  It impairs the immune system.  Everyone told me he would have to have his eyes removed, might not make it, etc.  But with love and TLC, supportive medicine, and human antisepsis drugs, he rallied, surviving, and became my \"best guy\".  AND HE IS VISUAL, kept both eyes and is happy!  The living proof that persistence and diligence by practitioners and support staff can change outcomes.\n\n\"Rocket\" -neutered male, grey tabby cat, age 3 years.  A young man I fostered, who was not supposed to walk after being diagnosed with a congenital rear leg deformity.  This guy is our house \"boss\" and character.  He walks, runs and jumps, and is a personality who completes our household.  Such a go getter personality, you cannot be sad with him around.  He is always getting into mischief.\n\nWhat do you do for fun?\n\nListen to music, everyday in our house we have some form of music going, and enjoying in the background.  My other hobby is classic French cooking and cuisine.  So it is amazing that I am not dramatically overweight, ha. Not yet.\n\nAnything else you would like to add?\n\nI think there are niches in veterinary medicine that can add to the life quality and life span of pets.  These include but are not limited to: \n\n  • Good nutrition with high quality ingredients.  Things one would recognize and want to eat, wholesome nutrients that offer a balanced diet.  This is the beauty of having the Buffalo Barkery to consult, and people can obtain supportive advice from their professionals.  \n  • An active pet lifestyle for emotional and physical enrichment.\n  • Utilizing all the modalities we have open to us now in the field for better pain management and senior care including laser therapy, swim sports, acupuncture.  Baseline metabolic blood work is recommended at my office for any animal 6 years of age or greater.\n\n\nBand: Range depends on mood. Female jazz standard singers such as Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday. Nat King Cole, Stan Getz, Diana Krall, Esperanza Spaulding. Sting and Stevie Wonder.\n\nMovie or TV Show: The Notebook, Shawshank Redemption.\n\nBar or Restaurant: The Left Bank- if you like seafood pasta, always get the carrot papardella.\n\nPlace to go unwind: My couch, but also, I recently found the Tifft Nature Preserve.\n\n\n  • Puppies/kittens. I love pediatric medical cases, or senior pets with numerous issues to consider. \n  • I think primates are pretty amazing.  \n  • I love to learn about evolutionary strategies for animal survival. \n  • Bird song qualities, and the deliberate nature to their calls/songs.\n\nFood: Anything made from potatoes- most specifically an artfully designed, savory au gratin. Delish.\n\nDrew Williams", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5087900757789612}
+{"content": "Basements: A hole in the ground you put your stuff in….\n\nBasements can be great, if they are well designed; if you just went out and dug a basement sized hole in your yard, chances are it would fill up with water sooner or later. Part of our job is to make sure that does not happen.  I\n\nBasements are a relatively inexpensive way to add space to a new home, as well as provide a place for utilities, storage, and even living space. Generally, homes on a full basement foundation or crawlspace are easier to insulate, and there for often more energy efficient. The problem with building basements in RI and southeastern MA, is water. If you’re building on Aquidneck Island, for example, there is a very high likely hood you have a high groundwater table (aka Seasonal High Groundwater Table (SHGWT)). Residential building codes (IRC, section R400) require that, any new foundation slab be elevated above the groundwater table by at least 1’; this has been the code for some time, but the regulation is now being dutifully enforced. The takeaway is, if you’re planning on building a new home with a basement, you need to have a soil evaluation done by a PE or Soil Evaluator during the design phase.\n\nThis allows us to determine what the maximum water table depth was at the highest point in the past few hundreds to thousands of years. It’s a relatively conservative measure, but it is a safe measure. Buildings with basement slabs above this height are very unlikely to have groundwater infiltration to the basement. More likely than not, you won’t be able to elevate the basement above the water table, if you have height restrictions or site limitation. If you’re not able to set your basement slab above this elevation, it may not be a deal breaker. Often, we are able to design and install sub drains (aka French Drains) on the inside or outside (or both) of the building perimeter. On sloping lots, we can outlet these drains “via gravity” slope, so the drain requires no independent power to operate. That’s the gold standard. On flat parcels, it’s often impossible to do this, so a sump pump is required. We do not install these, and if you’re in this situation we strongly recommend working with a basement waterproofing company (examples, not necessarily recommendations: Pioneer, Trident, etc) so they can install battery, standby generator, or water pressure driven backup systems that will allow the pump to run if the power goes out. In addition, it’s important to work with these firms to help determine the ideal specification for damp-proofing, there are many options, outside the scope of this blog. Make sure the term “redundant” is used (and understood), which often means installing an exterior membrane, an interior sealant, pump(s) with a dedicated backup. Basements flood during storms, which is when power goes out. A sump pump doesn’t do any good without electricity, so a generous backup battery, generator, or even a pump that can run off water pressure are a must. The asphalt damp proofing rolled or sprayed on to the average building is often not sufficient in many cases. Its the minimum allowed by code and is not enough to “guarantee” a dry basement. Any good basement system has multiple redundancies.\n\n\n\nWhile failure is not typical (for well designed and installed system), the consequences of failure is high, so an ounce of prevention outweighs a pound of cure. Many municipalities, predominantly dense coastal Cities, like Newport and Narragansett have prohibitions on sump pump discharge, in many areas, due to over-capacity drainage systems. In these cases, it is possible to install a basement, but it needs to be undertaken with extreme caution, and under the direction of a licensed engineer and waterproofing company. The foundation can be made fully sealed (like a boat), but the foundation must be specifically designed to resist buoyant forces, so the house doesn’t float! This is a very expensive practice, and is typically reserved for very tight or high priced parcels where space is at a premium.\n\nNow, just because you’ve had an expert design your basement with interior and exterior damp proofing, and sub drains, doesn’t mean your home free. The designer and excavators still need to take care to follow the basics for any new or existing home, to make sure roof and surface water are carried away from the structure. These include:\n\n Installing gutters, downspouts, or similar features.\n\n Carrying downspouts at least 10’ past the foundation\n\n Sloping the grade away from the building at least 6\" drop in the first 10’\n\n Making sure the sub-base is adequately compact to prevent sink-holes and making sure that these are properly filled if they do occur.\n\n Bonus points for directing your roof water to a properly designed Best Management Practice (BMP) feature, like a rain garden or drywell. (more on that soon)\n\n Install a fixed dehumidifier, with a pump, that discharges outside, at least 10' from the foundation (route it out near a downspout). We require this on homes we build, it's key.\n\n\nIf you have recently bought a new home, and are having trouble with any of the following, be sure to check out the RI Consumer Protection Statues for residential construction, specifically Site Drainage and Erosion: Your contractor is responsible for at least a year from the date of sale or occupancy.\n\n\nTldr: Get a soils expert to identify your water table and soils type before planning a home with a basement. Involve multiple experts, engineers, soils scientists, and waterproofing contractor to make sure you basement has redundant waterproofing measures. Follow basic guidelines to keep water away from the building, and be aware of the consumer protection statutes.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.762836754322052}
+{"content": "Gym sports\n\nDocument Type\n\n\n\nA literature search was conducted to identify studies comparing biomechanical parameters of strongman events and technically similar traditional weight training exercises. While many similarities were identified, the farmers walk may result in reduced stress placed on the lumbar spine due to the more vertical trunk than when performing the deadlift under identical loading conditions, the heavy sled pull may be used to better develop anterior force production than the back squat, and the log lift may be used to better develop forceful hip extension during a triple extension movement than the clean and jerk. The identification of biomechanical similarities and differences between strongman and traditional weight training exercises may be used by strength and conditioning coaches to better prescribe exercises suited to an individual athletes’ conditioning requirements.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.960347592830658}
+{"content": "NEED legroom\n\n\n\nI have a 1991 Acura Integra GS. I am 6’1\" and desperately need more legroom in the drivers seat. Is there any way that I can extend the seat track to get more legroom?\n\n\nGrand Marquis. Biggest car made up front.\n\n\nSearch around for an Acura forum and see what you can find. I don’t know if you are like me, but I am only 5’ 11\" but have very long legs. In my Thunderbird, I sit with the seat all the way back, and if I were any taller, would probably need an extra inch or two. In the Thunderbird, you can modify the seat track to give you a little extra room (I think they keep the stops there so that you can’t completely remove rear seat leg room), so maybe there is a similar mod for the Acura.\n\nGood luck!\n\n\nYou could get a price from a garage for removing the seat, drilling new floor holes back a few inches, and then adding appropriate supports at the new holes if needed. It’s been done before and some cars are easier than others.\n\nBefore doing so, make sure the shoulder belt anchor will still be in an effective position. You don’t want the pillar it’s anchored to to be out in front of you.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7931345105171204}
+{"content": "Hubitat Elevation\n\n\nTook a look at a bunch of threads and discussions – distilled the install of WebCore locally into a blog post so I can redo it again later when I blow something up (accidentally or on purpose …)\n\n\nI’m noticing something weird with local installation of webcore on my Rpi. The system variables for my time seems to be wrong and is 10 hours ahead of my actual time - I’m in sydney.\n\nCross checked the Timezone on HE and that was correct. Also checked the date and time on my Rpi and that was correct.\n\nNow all my time based pistons won’t wire correctly. Any ideas on how I can fix this? Is anybody else having the same issue?\n\n\nI’m an hour off GMT in WC on Hubitat, but the HE hub itself is correct.\n\nNot sure why it’s happening but I’ve just added an offset to all my pistons :frowning:\n\n\nJust to be sure, so your webcore install is also not showing the correct time right?\n\n\n\n\nHi @putnamjwp would this be fixed in a future update?\n\n\n@kayvint @RobinWinbourne Can you post the pistons that don’t work without the offsets? I see where the $time variables are out of sync, but when creating pistons based on time schedules (at least on my end) they still execute at the correct time. I’d like to see the cases where this is failing so I can fix them correctly.\n\n\n\nRobin you are SUCH a show off!\n\n\nIt sounds like WebCore is using the user time (localized time) rather than the system clock (UTC). Since Robin is off by 1 and the UK is UTC+1 currently (thank you DST) and Sydney is UTC+10 and …\n\nSo, it seems that you either need to have your usertime removed and have the RPi stay in UTC or have webcore use the system clock instead of usertime.\n\n\nIt’s actually the only piston I have running on HE… I use it to turn on a smart outlet and ping my phone as a morning alarm.\n\nMy current home is dumb… all my tech is in the home I now rent to tenants and that’s still running on ST.\n\n\nThis is one piston where i had to ‘adjust’ the time so that it would trigger correctly. This is taken from the same piston. This is what is says’s on ‘Quick Facts’ on when it will next trigger.\n\n\nThe condition to trigger it that i needed to adjust to get it to actually trigger at the correct time, which is 9:30am, Mondays through to Friday.\n\n\nAnother example where is doesn’t work:\n\n$time should have returned 10:24am - which is the correct time.\n\n\nAlso the use of $time and $time24 in expressions returns the wrong data. $now seems to be ok.\n\n\nI’ll ask again… What time is the code in WebCore using? The system clock or the localized time? Robin is off by 1 hour and @kayvint is off by 10. Both are off by their difference from UTC currently. That seems like more than a coincidence to me.\n\n\nFrom what i’m seeing, the time error is only happening on certain conditions and it’s not across the board. For example, if you create a statement for ‘Add Timer’ - that doesn’t work. But if you create a IF block statement, and use time as a virtual device condition, that seems to work. Also referencing time using $now and $time returns very different results.\n\n\nThe issue is that in smartthings the system timezone for the server is UTC and for hubitat, it’s your local timezone. There’s a few places in the code that he compensates for that by creating a date object (which uses the system timezone) with the offset to make it appear to be the right time. But like @kayvint says it’s not used in all places. I know it is in a issue when you use time restrictions, but I’ll need more time to fully understand the logic as it still works in other places like sunrise and sunset or by scheduling at a certain time without restrictions. I don’t want to screw anything up around that as I know it’s caused some issues in the past with things like DST.\n\n\n@kayvint @RobinWinbourne I believe I fixed the issue. Can you update your piston app with this code and let me know if it resolves your offset problems?\n\n\nThat was awesome! Looks like it’s fixed. Checked on my end and now the system variables are showing correctly, $time and $time24 is working correctly as well for timer conditions.\n\nGreat Stuff!!\n\n\n4th of July sale - 10% off - promo code JULY410C", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7196605801582336}
+{"content": "Adding chart to tableviewcell\n\n\nI’m having crashes when trying to add chart to tableViewCell. The app crashes at the following line without an error message:\n\n\nI’m using the same controller without problems when adding to normal views.\n\nPlease advise, thanks\n\n\nI found the problem… I needed to retain the viewController:\n\ncell.graphViewController = theGraphViewController;", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7663968801498413}
+{"content": "Minecraft: Stables\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMinecraft: Castle East\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMinecraft Castle East Storage and Food area\n\n\n\n\nMinecraft: Adventures\n\n\nZombie pigman riding in my minecart in Minecraft\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMinecraft: Wizard Tower Sea Wall\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMinecraft: Wizard Towers\n\n\nMindy's Minecraft KingdomMy first PC-based Minecraft World came after I found Minecraft on the console. Console MC is great, but the space and functionality is limited. At that time the console world only spanned 1 map and I wanted to really stretch out and explore. I might eventually share some of my early PC world creations which include a forest cabin, an upscale and underground subway/metro system, nether rail hubs, an entire village that I fenced off and grew, a desert mod house, many different mob grinders, mines, elaborate storage systems, etc. But for now I wanted to share the piece de resistance which was the focus of months of work: the wizard towers.\n\nI jumped into creative mode to fly across the ocean and after traveling for a long time the first thing I saw was a giant mountain and what looked like a spire or peak next to it. The above picture was from that moment I found it, with the sun setting over the ocean I just flew across. I was inspired! Over the course of the next month or two things started taking shape.\n\nMinecraft wizard spireYou know the Jimi Hendrix song Voodoo Child? In it he sings “Well, I stand up next to a mountain and I chop it down with the edge of my hand. Well, I pick up all the pieces and make an island, might even raise a little sand.” That’s how I felt for the months I worked on the wizard towers. I chopped and whittled it down one block at a time (with my hand!).\n\nIn the first progress picture (above), you can see that the mountain peak was turned into a full fledged wizard spire. If you look closely you can see the attached stairway leading to a floating platform, all of which was part of the mountain before I sculpted it. The tree on the platform was original to that mountain area, so I shaped around it and kept it on the platform. All the water and lava flows are original to the area as well. I hollowed out a 4×4 column for the inside of the main spire shaft and put “circular” stairs in the shaft. They ran to the top room and down to level 11, where they came to rest next to giant lava pools and my strip mines. There is also a surface level exit door on the back side of the shaft (not pictured), so that I could go and get more wood every single day. So much wood.\n\nMinecraft wizard towersOnce the spire was completed, I started work on transforming the mountain itself into a giant castle. This is an early in-progress photo, where I was building the enormous bridge into the main castle entry. At this time the bridge connected to the top of another mountain, where I had a nether portal connected to my nether railway. While it is less resource intensive to chop a mountain into a castle, it doesn’t mean that you still won’t spend a million hours transporting yourself between bases to get supplies.\n\nMinecraft wizard towersWork continued on building the castle vertically. Eventually I reached above cloud level, where I put my enchanting room and sky observation area. This is a pulled back photo showing the entire castle. I chose to build an exposed staircase centered around a 2×2 column. It has a few rooms and platforms on the way to the top, and is one of my favorite parts of the wizard towers.\n\nMinecraft wizard towersFinally, a completed project picture. While this was the finished state of the wizard towers, we continued to develop the entire area into Kingdom Mindy. This is no longer a world I can visit, sadly, but I am extremely proud of the work I put into it, and finished outcome. It was what I imagined in my mind, and I chopped that mountain into exactly what I wanted.\n\nMinecraft wizard towersFull disclosure, some of the exterior shaping work was done in creative mode. All pictures were taken in creative mode. Interior work and exterior finishing was all done in survival though, which is part of the reason it took so long. 🙂\n\nMinecraft: Before and After\n\nBefore and After\n\nFrom start to finish, the wizard spire and towers are one of my biggest and most epic creations, but every part of it was inspired by the existing structure I found that day coming across the ocean. Isn’t Minecraft awesome?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5164936780929565}
+{"content": "How can we help?\n\nEmployee happiness question\n\nOnce you have enabled team insights, we will email a survey to your employees each month to take a pulse on how they are feeling about various topics at work. While the topics vary each survey, every month we include an question to gauge employee happiness.\n\nThis will be a statement that employees can agree or disagree with. The statement is, “I would recommend [your company name] as a great place to work.” Employees can select from five answers ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” They may also add reasons for their responses and leave comments.\n\nWe find this question can provide key insight into your employees’ feelings about work, and many companies use these survey results as a type of net promoter score. The employee happiness question cannot be removed from your monthly survey.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9972028136253357}
+{"content": "Snug-fitting, well-maintained storm windows and doors can do much to reduce heating bills. The space between the storm and prime windows, or between the storm and house doors, creates an insulating pocket of air that reduces heat loss to the outside.\n\nHere are some tips for keeping your storm doors and windows in top condition:- If your aluminum storm windows and doors are unpainted, brush the frames with fine steel wool to remove oxidation once a year. Then apply a good automobile paste wax.\n\n- Remove wood-sash storm windows periodically and repaint them. This is important not just for looks but to prevent absorption of moisture that may cause swelling, warping and rotting.\n\n- While a wood-sash storm window is out, before repainting, inspect it for damage.\n\n- Reglue loose joints and reinforce them with corner plates available at your local hardware store.\n\n- Replace crumbling or missing putty.\n\n- Repair bent hardware. Inspect the hangers for loose or missing screws and damage to the bracket on the house or the hook on the storm sash.\n\n- Check the interior fasteners to be certain they are all functioning properly.\n\n- To paint all sides of the storm sash in one operation, install storm window hangers in a ceiling joist in your cellar or garage, and suspend the storm sash from it.\n\n- After the paint dries, put adhesive-backed foam weather-stripping on the inner edge of the sash to make it more air-tight.\n\n- Keep the drain holes in the bottom of your aluminum storm windows clear to prevent condensation from rotting the sills. If your windows don't have these holes, drill three 1/8-inch holes.\n\n- When a storm door begins to sag, use a wire cable and a turnbuckle to give it a lift. (Both are available at hardware stores.)\n\nHere's how:\n\n1. Install sheet metal screws on the top inside corner of the hinge side and on the bottom corner diagonally opposite it on the latch side. Use wood screws on wood storm windows.\n\n2. Measure out enough wire cable so that it can be securely fastened diagonally to the two screws. Then secure the wire to the screws, pulling it tight but not taut.\n\n3. Cut the wire at its midpoint and fasten the cut ends to the turnbuckle.\n\n4. Tighten the turnbuckle until the wire is taut and the door sag is eliminated.\n\n- If your aluminum storm door won't close because it's hitting the frame, try to realign the metal frame by tightening the screws that hold it to the jamb on the hinge side.\n\n- If your storm door won't close and it's not hitting the frame, the problem may be with the door's tubular pneumatic closer.\n\nMost pneumatic door closers can be adjusted by turning the slotted screw in the center of the end cap. Turning the screw counterclockwise makes a door close faster. Turning it clockwise makes a door close more slowly.\n\n- When taking down screens and installing storm windows, write a number on a hidden spot on each window frame, as well as on its matching screen and storm sash. Put hardware removed for storage in a bag marked with its window number.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.995775043964386}
+{"content": "sunglasses, looking at camera, portrait, headshot, lifestyles, young adult, front view, indoors, person, close-up, leisure activity, head and shoulders, reflection, eyeglasses, young men, car, drink, smiling\n\nInterested in licensing this photo?\n\n\nAntalya instagram:salihatladi snap Salihatladi", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7570227980613708}
+{"content": "Civilization 6: Rise and Fall expansion adds many new systems that could’ve altered the core game dramatically, but end up being completely pointless.\n\nMany people, myself included, had high hopes for Civilization 6: Rise and Fall, the first major expansion of the much-loved strategy game.\n\nI was hoping to see some significant changes and a much-needed shake-up of the classic Civ formula. And while the expansion does add multiple new systems and features, most of them feel incomplete; perhaps even wasted.\n\nAs you might expect, Rise and Fall adds several new civilizations interesting new mechanics, as well as new leaders to existing Civilizations that unlock new play styles for them. But that isn’t where this expansion tries to innovate.\n\nCivilization 6: Rise and Fall review\n\nThe most impactful new system you’ll find in Rise and Fall is the Loyalty system.\n\nLoyalty is a new value attributed to your cities.Cities and settlements deep within your territory will have higher loyalty, while cities surrounded by enemies settlements will have lower loyalty.\n\nYou want to keep that loyalty up, as a city with low loyalty might rebel against its owner and even defect to other civilizations.\n\nWhen I first learned about of this new system, I immediately thought of Black & White 2 and its “Impressiveness” system. I was really looking forward to the ability to take over cities peacefully by manipulating the citizens’ loyalty. Unfortunately, the result was significantly less impressive.\n\nYou see, loyalty kind of limits where you place your cities. There’s no motivation to space them apart, as they will most probably rebel. I ended up with massive city clusters that their only goal was to support each other’s loyalty.\n\nAt the same time, the loyalty effects on other cities are mostly passive, and there aren’t many actions you can take to affect it directly. One method that does allow you to influence nearby cities loyalty is a project called Bread and Circuses. Once you construct an entertainment district, you can use that project to and increase the loyalty contributed by each citizen in this city.\n\nHowever, the project’s effects aren’t immediately apparent, and in order to get it to affect nearby cities, you have to fulfill somewhat odd and unintuitive requirements.\n\nThe only time loyalty had a significant effect on my game was during extensive military conquests, where a conquered city would turn back to its original owner due to loyalty pressure from its nearby cities still under enemy control. That forced me to go back and recapture that city over and over again.\n\nCivilization 6: Rise and Fall review Governor\n\nGovernors are another new element introduced in Rise and Fall. There are several different types of Governors, each granting different abilities and buffs when assigned to a city.\n\nGovernors also grant increased loyalty to their city, which makes them a useful tool for preventing an out of the way city going rogue.\n\nBut you can’t appoint a Governor to a freshly conquered city, thanks to a built-in delay. That delay renders them a somewhat ineffective tool against low loyalty.\n\nThe third major addition is the introduction of Ages. Ages are split into three types: Normal Ages, Dark Ages, and Golden Ages. Each type is chosen according to the Era Score which is in turn calculated by your achievements throughout the previous Age.\n\nDuring a Normal Age, the player gets to choose a dedication to focus on during that period. These can be for aspects like trade, warfare or research, and give a bonus to the Era Score whenever you complete a specific objective related to your dedication.\n\nA Golden Age occurs when you raise your Era Score past what is needed to achieve a Normal Age. In a Golden Age, your citizens produce more loyalty, and you also get to choose a new dedication. Unlike the dedication in a Normal Age, a Golden Age dedication doesn’t provide bonuses to the Era Scores, but Instead makes certain aspects of your empire better through buffs.\n\nThe lack of bonus Era Score helps prevent chaining several Golden Ages in a row.\n\nCivilization 6: Rise and Fall review\n\nA Dark Age happens when you don’t reach the minimum Era Score required for a Normal Age. During a Dark Age, your citizens produce less loyalty, but you also unlock several new policies which allow you to weather the storm. However, they always come at the expense of some other aspect of your civilization.\n\nWhen you achieve a Golden Age right after a Dark Age, you will unlock a Heroic Age. This one is similar to an ordinary Golden Age but allows you to choose three dedications instead of the usual 1.\n\nMy impressions of the Ages system is somewhat similar to that of the Loyalty system. The player doesn’t have enough control over it, and there aren’t that many ways to intentionally influence it.\n\nMost of the objectives that raise the Era Score are ones that I would’ve tried to complete regardless of this system, which make the whole thing a bit redundant.\n\nI often found myself “struggling” to get to a Dark Age because my score would always rise just from playing the same way I usually would.\n\nCivilization 6: Rise and Fall review Timeline\n\nThe new Timeline feature allows the player to see the history of their empire throughout the game. It had the potential to add a bit of flavor to the game, but as a purely cosmetic feature, and not an interesting one at that, it ends up feeling as unnecessary and gimmicky as the rest of the expansion.\n\nThe reworked alliances system is a welcome addition that actually works well enough. It allows form alliances that focus on different aspects of the game such as research, trade, culture, military, and religion. That way you can have specialized partnerships with numerous factions in the game, which adds even another layer of strategy to your overall play-through.\n\nOverall, Civilization 6: Rise and Fall might add a lot of new systems and mechanics to the core game, but most of them feel like background noise. There doesn’t seem to be any real impact on the game’s strategy or management.\n\nI really wanted to like this expansion, but with most of the new additions feeling like random buffs or punishments, without any real control on my part, I found myself mostly ignoring those systems or even forgetting they exist in the first place.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6165148019790649}
+{"content": "Funky Spirals V-Cube 3 Puzzle, with Flat Sides\n\nFunky Spirals V-Cube 3 Puzzle, with Flat Sides - Off The Wall Toys and Gifts SALE\nItem Is On Sale!\n\nOrbet International\n\n$ 19.96 $ 24.95\nSKU: OBIVCB3-Spirals\n\nA new twist on a classic hand-held puzzle, the V-Cubes feature images printed directly onto the surface of the cube, which drastically increases both their lifespan and durability. They require excellent skills in both problem-solving, and concentration, to solve. The design and construction of the V-Cubes allows for a virtually unlimited number of layers, all while allowing for safe and smooth rotation.\n\nWith five sides of funky spirals and cool colors making up this 3x3 cube, the Funky Spirals V-Cube is sure to test your skills. Despite its simple appearance, it can be quite challenging if you do not pay attention. Its design is printed directly onto the sides of the cube using UV printing, giving it durability and long life. Each V-Cube comes complete with an instruction booklet, and the solution to solving the puzzle.\n\nAdditional Information", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7418628334999084}
+{"content": "Magical Advent in Split, Croatia\nAdvent season in every city is a particularly magical period and city of Split is no exception. Since Split is the largest city on the Croatian coast, it is no surprise that it has the most diversified and largest program for this time of year.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9901607036590576}
+{"content": "Log-in / Register\n\nCall +1 205 419 5131\n\nYou are here4. Master Production Schedule / Production Scheduling\n\nProduction Scheduling\n\nBy Anonymous - Posted on 30 December 2011\n\n\nProduction scheduling tools greatly outperform older manual scheduling methods. These provide the production scheduler with powerful graphical interfaces which can be used to visually optimize real-time work loads in various stages of production, and pattern recognition allows the software to automatically create scheduling opportunities which might not be apparent without this view into the data. For example, an airline might wish to minimize the number of airport gates required for its aircraft, in order to reduce costs, and scheduling software can allow the planners to see how this can be done, by analyzing time tables, aircraft usage, or the flow of passengers.\n\n\nForward scheduling is planning the tasks from the date resources become available to determine the shipping date or the due date.\n\nBack scheduling The usual process is to start with the due date and using the lead times to work back to find the start date for each operation. This process is called back scheduling. To schedule, we need to know for each order:\n- The quantity and due date;\n- Sequence of operations and work centers needed;\n- Setup and run times for each operation;\n- Queue, wait and move times;\n- Work center capacity available (rated or demonstrated),\n\nThe information needed is obtained from the following:\n\n- Order file. Quantities and due dates;\n- Route file. Sequence of operations, work centers needed, setup time and run time;\n- Work center file. Queue, move and wait times and work center capacity.\n\nThe process is as follows:\n\n- For each work order, calculate the capacity required (time) at each work center;\n- Starting with the due date, schedule back to get the completion and start dates for each operation.\n\n\nSponsered Links\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9958961009979248}
+{"content": "More Books by The Qur'an (E.H. Palmer tr)\n\nSura 1 - The Opening\nSura 2 - The Heifer\nSura 3 - Imran's Family\nSura 4 - Women\nSura 5 - The Table\nSura 6 - Cattle\nSura 7 - Al Aaraf\nSura 8 - The Spoils\nSura 9 - Repentance or Immunity\nSura 10 - Jonah, Peace be on Him\nSura 11 - Hud\nSura 12 - Joseph, Peace be on Him\nSura 13 - Thunder\nSura 14 - Abraham, Peace be on Him\nSura 15 - El Hagr\nSura 16 - The Bee\nSura 17 - The Night Journey\nSura 18 - The Cave\nSura 19 - Mary\nSura 20 - Ta Ha\nSura 21 - The Prophets\nSura 22 - The Pilgrimage\nSura 23 - Believers\nSura 24 - Light\nSura 25 - The Discrimination\nSura 26 - The Poets\nSura 27 - The Ant\nSura 28 - The Story\nSura 29 - The Spider\nSura 30 - The Greeks\nSura 31 - Loqman\nSura 32 - Adoration\nSura 33 - The Confederates\nSura 34 - Seba\nSura 35 - The Angels\nSura 36 - Ya Sin\nSura 37 - The Ranged\nSura 38 - Sad\nSura 39 - The Troops\nSura 40 - The Believer\nSura 41 - Detailed\nSura 42 - Counsel\nSura 43 - Gilding\nSura 44 - Smoke\nSura 45 - The Kneeling\nSura 46 - El A'hqaf\nSura 47 - Mohammed, Also Called Fight\nSura 48 - Victory\nSura 49 - The Inner Chambers\nSura 50 - Q\nSura 51 - The Scatterers\nSura 52 - The Mount\nSura 53 - The Star\nSura 54 - The Moon\nSura 55 - The Merciful\nSura 56 - The Inevitable\nSura 57 - Iron\nSura 58 - The Wrangler\nSura 59 - The Emigration\nSura 60 - The Tried\nSura 61 - The Ranks\nSura 62 - The Congregation\nSura 63 - The Hypocrites\nSura 64 - Cheating\nSura 65 - Divorce\nSura 66 - Prohibition\nSura 67 - The Kingdom\nSura 68 - The Pen\nSura 69 - The Infallible\nSura 70 - The Ascents\nSura 71 - Noah\nSura 72 - The Ginn\nSura 73 - The Enwrapped\nSura 74 - The Covered\nSura 75 - The Resurrection\nSura 76 - Man\nSura 77 - Those Sent\nSura 78 - The Information\nSura 79 - Those Who Tear Out\nSura 80 - He Frowned\nSura 81 - The Folding Up\nSura 82 - The Cleaving Asunder\nSura 83 - Those Who Give Short Weight\nSura 84 - The Rending Asunder\nSura 85 - The Zodiacal Signs\nSura 86 - The Night Star\nSura 87 - The Most High\nSura 88 - The Overwhelming\nSura 89 - The Dawn\nSura 90 - The Land\nSura 91 - The Sun\nSura 92 - The Night\nSura 93 - The Forenoon\nSura 94 - Have we Not Expanded\nSura 95 - The Fig\nSura 96 - Congealed Blood\nSura 97 - Power\nSura 98 - The Manifest Sign\nSura 99 - The Earthquake\nSura 100 - The Chargers\nSura 101 - The Smiting\nSura 102 - The Contention about Numbers\nSura 103 - The Afternoon\nSura 104 - The Backbiter\nSura 105 - The Elephant\nSura 106 - The Qurais\nSura 107 - The Necessaries\nSura 108 - El Kauthar\nSura 109 - Misbelievers\nSura 110 - Help\nSura 111 - Abu Laheb\nSura 112 - Unity\nSura 113 - The Daybreak\nSura 114 - Men\nFree Interfaith Software\n\nWeb - Windows - iPhone\n\nThe Qur'an (E.H. Palmer tr) : Sura 10 - Jonah, Peace be on Him\n(X. Mecca.)\n\nIN the name of the merciful and compassionate God. ALIF LAM RA. Those are the signs of the wise Book! was it a wonder to the folk that we inspired a man from amongst themselves, 'Warn thou the folk; and give glad tidings to those who believe, that for them there is an advance of sincerity gone before them with their Lord?' The misbelievers say, 'Verily, this is an obvious sorcerer!' Verily, your Lord is God, who created the heavens and the earth in six days; then He made for the throne, to govern the affair; there is no intercessor, except after His permission. That is God for you-your Lord! Then worship Him- do ye not mind? To Him is your return all of you- God's promise in truth; verily, He produces the creature, then He makes it return again, that He may recompense those who believe and do what is right with justice; but those who misbelieve, for them is a drink of boiling water, and grievous woe, for that they did misbelieve.\n\nHe it is who made the sun for a brightness, and the moon for a light, and decreed for it mansions, that ye may know the number of the years and the reckoning.- God only created that in truth. He details the signs unto a people who do know.\n\nVerily, in the alternation of night and day, and in what God has created of the heavens and the earth, are signs unto a people who do fear.\n\nVerily, those who hope not for our meeting, and are content with the life of this world, and are comforted thereby, and those who are neglectful of our signs,- these, their resort is fire for that which they have earned!\n\nVerily, those Who believe and do what is right, their Lord guides them by their faith; beneath them shall rivers flow in the gardens of pleasure.\n\nTheir cry therein shall be, 'Celebrated be Thy praises, O God!' and their salutation therein shall be, 'Peace!' and the end of their cry shall be, 'Praise (belongs) to God, the Lord of the worlds!' And if God should hasten on the bad to men as they would hasten on the good, their appointed time would surely be fulfilled. But we will let those who hope not for our meeting go on in their rebellion, blindly wandering on.\n\nWhen distress touches man, he calls us to his side, whether sitting or standing; but when we have removed from him his distress, he passes on as though he had not called on us in a distress that touched him. Thus unto the extravagant is made seemly that which they have done.\n\nWe have already destroyed generations before you when they did wrong, and there came to them their apostles with manifest signs, but they would not believe. Thus do we reward the sinful people. Then we made you their successors in the earth after them, that we may see how ye will act.\n\nBut when our evident signs are recited to them, those who hope not for our meeting say, 'Bring a Koran other than this; or change it.' Say, 'It is not for me to, change it of my own accord; I do not follow aught but what I am inspired with; verily, I fear, if I rebel against my Lord, the torment of a mighty day!' Say, 'Had God pleased, should not have recited it to you, nor taught you therewith. I have tarried a lifetime amongst you before it;-have ye not then any sense?'\n\nWho is more unjust than he who forges against God a lie, or says His signs are lies? verily, the sinners shall not prosper. They worship beside God what can neither harm them nor profit them, and they say, 'These are our intercessors with God!' Say, 'Will ye inform God of aught in the heavens or the earth, that He knows not of?' Celebrated be His praise! and exalted be He, above what they associate with Him!\n\nPeople were but one nation once, then they disagreed; and had it not been for thy Lord's word already passed, there would have been decided between them that concerning which they disagreed. They say, 'Why is not a sign sent down upon him from his Lord?' Say, 'The unseen is only God's; but wait ye for a while, verily, I with you am one of those who wait!'\n\nWhen we have let men taste of mercy after distress which has touched them, lo! they use a stratagem against our signs! Say, 'God is quicker at stratagem.' Verily, our messengers write down what stratagem ye use.'\n\nHe it is who makes you travel in the land and sea, until when ye are in the ships- and these carry them afloat with a favouring wind, and they rejoice therein, there comes to them a violent wind, and there comes to them the wave from every place, and they think that they are encompassed about; then they call on God, sincere in religion towards Him, 'If thou dost save from this we will surely be of those who thank.' But when He has saved them, lo! they are wilful in the earth unjustly;- O ye folk! your wilfulness against yourselves is but a provision of this world's life; then unto us is your return, and we will inform you of that which ye have done! Verily, the likeness of this world's life is like water which we send down from the sky, and the plants of the earth, from which men and cattle eat, are mingled therewith; until when the earth puts on its gilding and is adorned, the people thereof think that they have power over it. Our order comes to it by night or day, and we make it as it were mown down- as though it had not yesterday been rich!-Thus do we detail the signs unto a people who reflect. God calls unto the abode of peace, and guides whom He will into the right path.\n\nTo those who do what is good, goodness and increase! nor shall blackness or abasement cover their faces! these are the fellows of Paradise, they shall dwell therein for aye.\n\nBut, as for those who have earned ill, the reward of evil is the like thereof; abasement shall cover them! they shall have none to defend them against God;- as though their faces were veiled with the deep darkness of the night; these are the fellows of the Fire, and they shall dwell therein for aye.\n\nAnd on the day we gather them all together then we will say to those who associated other gods (with us), your places, ye and your associates!' and we will part them; and their associates will say, 'It was not us ye worshipped.- But God is witness enough between us and you, that we were heedless of your worshipping us.' There shall every soul prove what it has sent on before; and they shall be returned unto God, their God, their true sovereign, and that which they devised shall stray away from them.\n\nSay, 'Who provides you from the heaven and the earth? who has dominion over hearing and sight? and who brings forth the living from the dead, and brings forth the dead from the living? and who governs the affair?' And they will say, 'God.' Say, 'Do ye not then fear?'\n\nThat is God, your true Lord! and what is there after the truth but error? how then can ye turn away?\n\nThus is the word of thy Lord verified against those who commit abomination; verily, they will not believe. Say, 'Is there any of your associates who can produce a creature and then turn it back again?' Say, 'God produces a creature, then turns it back again; how then can ye lie?' Say, 'Is there any of your associates who guides unto the truth?' Say, 'God guides unto the truth.' Is then He who guides unto the truth more worthy to be followed, or he that guides not except he be himself guided? What ails you then, how ye judge? But most of them follow only suspicion; verily, suspicion does not avail against the truth. at all verily, God knows what they do. This Koran could not have been devised by any beside God; but it verifies that which was before it, and details the Book- there is no doubt therein- from the Lord of the worlds.\n\nDo they say, 'He hath devised it?' say then, 'Bring a surah like it,- and call, if ye can, on other than God, if ye do tell the truth!' Yet they call that a lie, the knowledge of which they cannot compass, while its interpretation has not yet come to them; so did those before them charge with lying, and see what was the end of the unjust!\n\nOf them are some who believe therein; and of them are some who do not believe therein; but thy Lord knows best who are corrupters. But if they call thee liar, say, 'I have my work, and ye have your work; ye are clear of what I work, and I am clear of what ye work.' There are some of them who listen to thee- canst thou make the deaf to hear, although they have no sense? And of them are some who look at thee- canst thou guide the blind, although they cannot see? Verily, God wrongs not man at all, but men do wrong themselves. And on the day when we will gather them together it will be as though they had not tarried save an hour of the day, they shall know each other. Lost are those who called the meeting with God a lie, and were not guided!\n\nEither we will show thee something of that with which we threatened them, or we will take thee to ourself, for unto us is their return; then is God a witness to what they do.\n\nEvery nation has its apostle; and when their apostle comes to them, it is decided between them with justice, and they are not wronged.\n\nBut they say, 'When is this threat (to come), if ye tell the truth?' Say, 'I have no power over myself for harm or for profit, save what God will. Every nation has its appointed time; when their appointed time comes to them they cannot delay it for an hour or bring it on.'\n\nSay, 'Let us see now when the torment comes to you, by night or day, what will the sinners fain bring on thereof? And when it has fallen-will ye believe in it now!- And yet ye wish to bring it on! Then shall it be said to those who have done wrong, Taste ye the torment of eternity! shall ye be recompensed except for that which ye have earned? They will ask thee to inform them whether it be true. Say, 'Aye, by my Lord! verily, it is the truth, nor can ye weaken him.' And if every soul that hath done wrong had whatever is in the earth, it would give it as a ransom. They will utter their repentance when they see the torment; and it shall be decided between them with justice, nor shall they be wronged.\n\nIs not indeed what is in the heavens and what is in the earth God's? is not indeed the promise of God true? Though most of them know not. He quickens and He kills, and unto Him are ye returned! O ye folk! there has come to you a warning from your Lord, and a balm for what is in your breasts, and a guidance and a mercy to believers.\n\nSay, 'By the grace of God and by His mercy,- and in that let them rejoice! It is better than that which they collect!' Let us see now what God has sent down to you of provision! and yet ye have made of it unlawful and lawful. Say, 'Does God permit you, or against God do ye forge lies?\n\nWhat will those who forge lies against God think on the resurrection day? Verily, God is Lord of grace towards men, but most of them do not give thanks!\n\nNor shalt thou be in any affair, nor shalt thou recite concerning it a Koran- nor shall ye do a work, without our being witness against you, when ye are engaged therein: nor does the weight of an atom escape thy Lord in earth or in heaven; nor is there less than that or greater, but it is in the perspicuous Book.\n\nAre not, verily, the friends of God those on whom there is no fear, neither shall they be grieved?- They who believed and who did fear- for them are good tidings in the life of this world, and in the future too; there is no changing the words of God! That is the mighty happiness!\n\nLet not their speech grieve thee; verily, power is wholly God's!\n\nHe both hears and knows.\n\nIs not, verily, whoever is in the heavens and whoever is in the earth God's? What then do they follow who call on associates other than God?\n\nVerily, they follow nothing but suspicion, and verily, they are telling naught but lies.\n\nHe it is who made for you the night, that ye might rest therein, and the day to see therein verily, in that are signs unto a people who can hear.\n\nThey say, 'God has taken to Himself a son.' Celebrated be His praises! He is the rich one! His is whatever is in the heavens, and whatever is in the earth. Ye have no authority for this! will ye say against God, that which ye do not know?\n\nSay, 'Verily, those who forge against God a lie shall not prosper!' A provision in this world- then unto us is their return! then we will make them taste keen torment for that they misbelieved. Recite to them the story of Noah, when he said to his people, 'O my people! if my stay with you be grievous to you, and my reminding you of the signs of God, yet upon God do I rely! Collect then your affairs and your associates; nor let your affair (be ordered) for you in the dark; then decide respecting me, and do not wait; and if ye turn your backs, I ask you not for hire; my hire is only due from God, and I am bidden to be of those resigned.' But they called him a liar; and we saved him, and those with him, in the ark; and we made these successors, and drowned those who had said our signs were lies; see then how was the end of those who had been warned! Then we raised up after him apostles unto their people, and they came to them with manifest signs; but they would not believe in what they had called a lie before. Thus do we set a stamp upon the hearts of the transgressors.\n\nThen we raised up after them Moses and Aaron, unto Pharaoh and his chiefs with our signs; but they were too big with pride, and were a sinful people; and when the truth came to them from us they said, verily, 'This is obvious sorcery.'\n\nMoses said, 'Will ye say of the truth when it comes to you, Is this sorcery? But sorcerers shall not prosper.'\n\nThey said, 'Hast thou come to turn us away from what we found our fathers at, that there may be for you twain grandeur in the earth? but we will not believe you.'\n\nAnd Pharaoh said, 'Bring me every knowing sorcerer;' and when the sorcerers came, Moses said to them, 'Throw down what ye have to throw!' and when they threw down, Moses said, 'What ye have brought is sorcery! verily, God will make it vain; verily, God rights not the work of evildoers!'\n\nBut God verifies the truth by His words, although the sinners are averse therefrom.\n\n\nAnd Moses said, 'O my people! if ye did believe in God, then on Him rely, if ye be resigned.' They said, 'Upon God do we rely. O our Lord! make us not a cause of trial for a people who do wrong, but save us by Thy mercy from the people who misbelieve!' And we inspired Moses and his brother thus, 'Establish, ye twain, houses for your people in Egypt; and make ye your houses a qiblah; and be ye steadfast in prayer, and give glad tidings to those who believe.'\n\nMoses said, 'O our Lord! verily, Thou hast brought to Pharaoh and his chiefs ornaments and wealth in the life of this world; O our Lord! that they may err from Thy way! O our Lord! confound their wealth and harden their hearts that they may not believe until they see grievous woe!' He said, 'Your prayer is answered; be upright then, ye two, and follow not the path of those who do not know!' And we brought the children of Israel across the sea; and Pharaoh and his hosts followed them eager and hostile, until when drowning overtook him, he said, 'I believe that there is no god but He in whom the children of Israel believe, and I am of those who are resigned!'- 'Now! but thou didst rebel aforetime, and wert of those who do evil; but to-day we will save thee in thy body, that thou mayest be to those who come after thee a sign, for verily, many men are careless of our signs!'\n\n\n\nIt is not for any person to believe save by the permission of God;\n\nHe puts horror on those who have no sense.\n\nSay, 'Behold what is in the heavens and in the earth! but signs and warners avail not a people who do not believe. Do they await aught but the like of the days of those who passed away before them?' Say, 'Wait ye then! verily, I am with you one of those who wait.' Then we will save our apostles and those who believe; thus is it due from us to save believers.\n\nSay, 'O ye folk! if ye are in doubt concerning my religion, I will not worship those ye worship other than Cod; but I worship God, who takes you to Himself, and I am bidden to be of the believers!' And, 'Make steadfast thy face to the religion as a 'Hanif; and be not of the idolaters; and call not besides God on what can neither profit thee nor harm thee; for if thou dost, verily, thou art then of the unjust!'\n\nAnd should God touch thee with harm, there is none to remove it save He; and if He wish thee well, there is none to repel His grace; He makes it fall on whom He will of His servants; for He is pardoning and merciful!\n\nSay, 'O ye people! there has come to you the truth from your Lord, and he who is guided, his guidance is only for his soul; and he who errs, errs only against it; and I am not a guardian over you.' Follow what is revealed to thee, and be patient until God judges, for He is the best of judges.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.912470817565918}
+{"content": "Editing a process essay\n\nRead the paper as a reader. Any information that is unrelated to the topic and its purpose should be eliminated from the prewriting.\n\nA tutor can help you to locate the patterns of error. Editing is an on-going process, not a one time event. Once your paper is in the word-processor, safely saved on both hard drive and floppy discrun the spellchecker.\n\nThe following is an explanation of the process of writing in a simple and understandable way. Do you see any mistakes, typos, or careless omissions? Share your paper with a friendly editor, someone who has your interests at heart and who has the time to review your paper carefully and who is willing to ask questions and to challenge what you said and how you said it.\n\nAllow yourself some time between writing your paper and editing. In Editing a process essay, effective editing and proofreading require that you reread your writing carefully, that you play the role of reader rather than writer, and that you use strategies to help you slow down and examine your writing.\n\nThe Writing Process\n\nHe should then assist the student with this activity, moving through the process step by step, focused on the topic chosen by the student. Early writers should, with some prompting, be able to check a paper for correct capitalization and punctuation. After all, you know what a sentence or paragraph meant and that means you are less apt to catch a confusing phrase or momentary lapse in the argument than someone else would be.\n\nThe Writing Process- Drafting and Editing\n\nThis is no time for coddling on their part or defensiveness on yours. Read this sentence carefully. A solid, interesting introduction sets the stage for the rest of the rough draft.\n\nYou can always do it better, find the exact word, the apt phrase, the leaping simile. The teacher should then encourage the student to verbalize his thought process and work together to assist the child with the assigned composition.\n\nIn each of the body paragraphs the ideas first presented in the introductory paragraph are developed. Are the ideas in the essay clearly ordered? Read over other things you have written, to see if you can identify a pattern in your writing, such as problematic punctuation, or repeated use of the same adjectives.\n\nIf not, does the body of the paper need some paring down or elaboration or does the thesis statement need to be refined to reflect an improved text? Read and enjoy your work. If you follow these simple steps, you will find that writing an essay is easier than you had initially thought.\n\nGirlfriends, boyfriends, and parents make notoriously bad editors; they think whatever you write is wonderful, not to be improved. Review the section on passive verbs to see those uses of the passive that are appropriate.\n\nSimple Steps to Writing, Revising and Editing an essay\n\nLast month we learned about prewriting. Your mind will be less apt to provide missing links and gloss over errors in style if you can pretend that this is something you just happened to pick up, something written by someone else.Editing is a stage of the writing process in which a writer strives to improve a draft by correcting errors and by making words and sentences clearer and more precise.\n\nRevising differs from editing and proofreading because it requires the writer to look at large-scale or global matters in their essay (Look at the graphic to the right for a quick way to remember the difference between revising and editing). Some instructors will provide an opportunity for peer editing, a process by which students make suggestions about their classmates' work.\n\nSometimes, in fact, a student's effort in peer editing is an important part of the grade. A Comprehensive 1-on-1 Essay Process As part of our Applications program, we work with students during every phase of the process: brainstorming, drafting, editing, and putting together a final draft.\n\n\nEditing is the process writers use to catch errors typical to their own writing. Because editing focuses on problems that are particular to an individual writer and that occur again and again effective editing requires that you know the types of errors you typically make and that you have specific strategies for finding those errors.\n\nEditing a process essay\nRated 4/5 based on 20 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9306426048278809}
+{"content": "Champion of Earth\n\nChecked Out\nCard Game > Card Play\n\nChampion of Earth\n\nDescription from the publisher:\n\nChampion of Earth is an easy to learn, quick-play card game where the players defend the Earth from an alien invasion.\n\nIt has both both a co-operative and a competitive element because, while you want to defeat the invasion, the winner will be the one with the most enemy kills.\n\nThe deck consists of three types of cards: Player cards (which track your character's status), Monster cards (which represent the invaders) and Equipment cards (which represent the equipment the characters may use to defeat the Monsters).\n\nThe players take equipment and must match or exceed the power level of the invaders by playing that equipment. Many of the invaders have special abilities, and so does much of the equipment - these are listed on the cards where relevant.\n\nDuring a player's turn, they choose between 1 and 3 equipment cards to draw and the same number of invaders are drawn and placed face down. The player then chooses how many of the invaders they wish to fight. That number of cards is turned over, beginning from the first card dealt. The player must then play Equipment on the Monster cards to defeat them and claim the corpses.\n\nIf they succeed in defeating the enemies, they chose to fight, it becomes the next player's turn. If they fail, they become Injured. If they are injured a second time, they die.\n\nEven dead, a player can win - the victory condition is defeating the invasion and having the most enemy kills - you can be the Champion of Earth posthumously!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8464409708976746}
+{"content": "Romance Anime\n\n\n\nThe Charnel House (2016) | IDIOTENTEST - Wie gut kennst du Marken?? 😳🤔 (SEHR SCHWER) | Documentaires", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9974240064620972}
+{"content": "Articles sur Speed of light\n\nEnsemble des articles\n\nOne one thousand, two one thousand…. Eric Ward/Unsplash\n\nHow far away was that lightning?\n\nWhen you see a bolt of lightning, do you immediately start counting to see how far off a storm is? An atmospheric scientist parses the practice.\n\nLes contributeurs les plus fréquents", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9991461634635925}
+{"content": "Indonesian Teak\n\n\nBotanic name:\n\nTectona grandis L.f..\n\nCommercial names:\n\nTeak, Teca, Teck.\n\n\nTeak comes from plantations in Indonesia and Asia.\n\n\nWood Fitness:\n\nTeak is rated as Exterpark WFA.\n\n\nPhysical properties:\n\nCOLOR: yellow-white to light-grey.\n\nGRAIN: very thick\n\nDENSITY: 650-680-750Kg/m³\n\nHARDNESS: 4.0-4.2 semi-hard\n\nCONTRACTION: few nerved\n\n\nVolumetric: 7.9% (0.34)\n\nTangential: 2.5-5.0% (0.24-0.29)\n\nRadial: 1.5-2.7% (0.13-0.15)\n\nDURABILITY: from moderately to very resistant against the action of fungi, and from sensible to moderately resistent againt the action of termites.\n\n\nMechanical properties:\n\nStatic bending - bending strenght: 85 -110 N/mm²\n\nElasticity Module: 10.000 - 13.700 N/mm²\n\nAxial compression: 52-80 N/mm²\n\nPerpendicular compression: 6 N/mm² (ASTM)\n\nShear stress: 8.2-9.4 N/mm²", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9373860359191895}
+{"content": "Distributional approximation by Stein's method\n\nYou may contact the supervisor directly or make a general enquiry.\n\n\nDistributional approximation by Stein's method\n\nGroup Probability and Stochastic Analysis\n\nStein's method is a powerful (and elegant) technique for deriving bounds on the distance between two probability distributions with respect to a probability metric.  Such bounds are of interest, for example, in statistical inference when samples sizes are small; indeed, obtaining bounds on the rate of convergence of the central limit theorem was one of the most important problems in probability theory in the first half of the 20th century.\n\nThe method is based on differential or difference equations that in a sense characterise the limit distribution and coupling techniques that allow one to derive approximations whilst retaining the probabilistic intuition.   There is an active area of research concerning the development of Stein's method as a probabilistic tool and its application in areas as diverse as random graph theory, statistical mechanics and queuing theory.\n\nThere is an excellent survey of Stein's method (see below) and, given a strong background in probability, the basic method can be learnt quite quickly, so it would be possible for the interested student to make progress on new problems relatively shortly into their PhD.  Possible directions for research (although not limited) include: extend Stein's method to new limit distributions; generalisations of the central limit theorem; investigate `faster than would be expected' convergence rates and establish necessary and sufficient conditions under which they occur; applications of Stein's method to problems from, for example, statistical inference.\n\n\nRoss, N. Fundamentals of Stein's method.  Probability Surveys 8 (2011), pp. 210-293.\n\n▲ Up to the top", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5006371140480042}
+{"content": "Labour Unions Are Misusing Productivity Measures\n\nmanual labour\n\nBy Loane Sharp\n\nLabour unions like to measure labour productivity by looking at total output per worker in the economy. However, total output per worker has only increased as much as it has over the past fifty years because capitalists have invested in more and better tools that workers can use to be more productive. Therefore, by looking at total output per worker, labour unions are skewing the productivity of labour grossly in their favour when it comes to wage negotiations.\n\nNelson Mandela and Volunteerism\n\n\nBy Robert Murphy\n\nRecently Nelson Mandela celebrated his 93rd birthday. In honor of the event, the Nelson Mandela Foundation asked people to donate 67 minutes of their time to public service. Although the foundation and the media reporting on it undoubtedly mean well, the entire discussion perpetuates the myth that paid work is somehow useless to society. But the truth is just the opposite: If someone is actually getting paid to do work, he or she knows that at least one person values it. In contrast, volunteer work may or may not be useful, because it lacks the feedback of market prices.\n\nAn Open Letter to the Minister of Economic Development from 2010\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9128789901733398}
+{"content": "Zithromax for cough and cold\n\nBy shadedmind69 | 10-Sep-2018 23:39\n\nZithromax for Cough. - Mamapedia™ Redwood City, California The word pneumonia sounds alarm bells in many parents. Hi Hazel! My daughter, 8 months old, has had a cough as well. She was on Zithromax but only because she had an infection. Since then, the infection has gone away but.\n\nThe Effect of Azithromycin in Patients With. -. When physicians diagnose someone with walking pneumonia, they are usually referring to an infection with an organism called Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The Effect of Azithromycin in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary. Chronic cough is defined as a. chronic cough COPD Azithromycin Zithromax LCQ\n\nWhat is Walking Pneumonia? – She will probably begin to get ill 1 to 3 weeks after her friend, but the onset is often so gradual that she may not notice it at first. Since the cough is often worse at night, people sleeping in the same room are most. however, to erythromycin, clarithromycin Biaxin, azithromycin Zithromax or. Do keep in mind is that over-the-counter cough and cold medications are no.\n\nCoughing for two weeks? You still don't need antibiotic - USA Today They are the smallest self-replicating biologic systems known.) Mycoplasma is a major cause of respiratory infections in school-aged children and young adults. Jan 14, 2013. How long should a typical cough – the kind you get with a cold – last. care centers Z-Pac clinics,\" he says, after the antibiotic Zithromax.\n\nWhy does it seem to work for my cold - Azithromycin 5 Day. The good news is that the great majority of pneumonias in children and adolescents are easily treatable. It can be caused by microorganisms, viruses, chemical irritants, or foreign bodies. For about at least 6 times now, every time I know I am coming down with the flu or at the start of the flu, I take the Azithromycin 5-Day pak and my cold seem to be under control within 1 - 2 days.\n\n<i>Zithromax</i> for <i>Cough</i>. - Mamapedia™\nThe Effect of Azithromycin in Patients With. -.\nWhat is Walking Pneumonia? –\n<em>Coughing</em> for two weeks? You still don't need antibiotic - USA Today\nWhy does it seem to work for my <strong>cold</strong> - Azithromycin 5 Day.\nAZITHROMYCIN 250/500 MG - ORAL <em>Zithromax</em> side effects, medical.\nBuy <strong>zithromax</strong> single dose uk - <strong>Zithromax</strong> for <strong>cough</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>cold</strong> - Can.\nShould I Use a Z-Pak for Sinus Infections? -\n\nAdd comment\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7339895963668823}
+{"content": "Chemical Composition Of Hessonite Gemstone\n\nHessonite Gemstone (garnet) or Gomed is one of the various types of garnets. The Hessonite garnet also known as Gomed is also called the Cinnamon stone as it was first discovered in Sri Lanka a land known for its spices.\n\nThe composition of Hessonite Garnet Or Gomed Gemstone\n\nThe chemical composition of the hessonite stone (garnet) is calcium aluminum silicate (Ca3 Al 2 {SiO4}3). The specific gravity is 3.65 and the refractive index ranges between 1.742 and 1.748.\n\nIdentification of Hessonite Garnet or Gomed\n\nCrystal system Cubic\nCleavage None, sometimes indistinct parting\nFracture Conchoidal to uneven\nMohs scale hardness 7\nSpecific Gravity 3.64 to 3.69\nPolish luster Vitreous\nOptical properties Single refractive, often anomalous double refractive\nBirefringence None\nPleochroism None", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999359250068665}
+{"content": "The FRS Walkie Talkie is a Nerf-branded Sakar International product that was released under both the N-Strike series and the Secrets & Spies sub-series in 2015 and RIVAL in 2017. It requires three \"AAA\" batteries to operate, which are included with the product.\n\nIt comes packaged with three \"AAA\" batteries and instructions.\n\n\nThe FRS Walkie Talkie is one of several walkie talkie communications devices sold under the Nerf brand including the Walkie Talkie and the Walkie Talkie Watch. This particular model is sold in near identical form under both the N-Strike Elite and Rebelle brands, with the only difference being color schemes on the product itself. These are capable of receiving up to twenty two FRS channels.[2] As the name may suggest, the product claims to have a range of ten miles.\n\nThe FRS Walkie Talkie was released alongside a similar model titled the Night Talkie which differs in design and function. A large clip is located on the back of the FRS Walkie Talkie to be able to attach to an article of clothing or other location when not in use. A morse code feature is also built into the product.\n\n\nThere have been some concerns raised about the product quality of the FRS Walkie Talkie, though mostly on the Rebelle variant for unknown reasons. There have been several reports of the walkie talkies coming broken out of the packaging and not being able to pick up anything other than static noise.[3] While this issue likely affects both versions of the product, it has yet to be found on N-Strike branded products.\n\nThe legitimacy of the ten mile range claims have also come into question from some product owners.[4]\n\nColor schemes\n\nThe FRS Walkie Talkie has been released in the following color schemes:\n\n\n  • It is seen as an upgrade to the original Walkie Talkie.\n\n\n\n  1. Toys R Us: NERF Rebelle 10 Mile FRS Walkie Talkies.\n  2. James Zahn (2015-07-20). Summer Fun: Nerf Rebelle FRS Walkie Talkies (Review).\n  3. Amazon: Nerf Rebelle 10 Mile FRS Walkie Talkie (37755).\n  4. TWK Admin (2015-06-25). Nerf Rebelle 10 Mile FRS Walkie Talkie Review.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6677876710891724}
+{"content": "Associations to the word «Stripe»\n\n\nSTRIPE, noun. A long, straight region of a single colour.\nSTRIPE, noun. (in the plural) The badge worn by certain officers in the military or other forces.\nSTRIPE, noun. (informal) Distinguishing characteristic; sign; likeness; sort.\nSTRIPE, noun. A long narrow mark left by striking with a lash or rod; by extension, such a stroke.\nSTRIPE, verb. (transitive) To mark with stripes.\nSTRIPE, verb. (transitive) (computing) To distribute data across several separate physical disks to reduce the time to read and write.\n\nDictionary definition\n\nSTRIPE, noun. An adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material.\nSTRIPE, noun. A piece of braid, usually on the sleeve, indicating military rank or length of service.\nSTRIPE, noun. V-shaped sleeve badge indicating military rank and service; \"they earned their stripes in Kuwait\".\nSTRIPE, noun. A kind or category; \"businessmen of every stripe joined in opposition to the proposal\".\nSTRIPE, verb. Mark with stripes.\n\nWise words\n\nWinston Churchill", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7751585245132446}
+{"content": "Fears of a post-antibiotic apocalypse have prompted a new campaign to stop people asking for the drugs.\n\nAn estimated 5,000 people die every year in England because the drugs no longer work for some infections.\n\nPublic Health England (PHE), has now launched the Keep Antibiotics Working campaign, which tells people to always trust their doctor, nurse or pharmacist on when to take antibiotics.\n\nEngland's Chief Medical Officer, Professor Dame Sally Davies, has warned of a \"post-antibiotic apocalypse\".\n\nThe Government wants to see a further drop in antibiotic prescribing by GPs with the aim of combating the threat from resistance.\n\n\nAntibiotics do not work on many common conditions, such as colds, flu, earache, sore throats and some chest infections.\n\nHowever, people should see their GP if they have prolonged symptoms and develop other issues such as a sickness, a very high temperature or shortness of breath.\n\nIf antibiotics are prescribed, they should be taken as directed and never saved for later or shared with others.\n\nDame Sally said: \"Without effective antibiotics, minor infections could become deadly and many medical advances could be at risk - surgery, chemotherapy and Caesareans could become simply too dangerous.\n\n\n\"The public has a critical role to play and can help by taking collective action.\n\n\"I welcome the launch of the Keep Antibiotics Working campaign, and remember that antibiotics are not always needed so always take your doctor's advice.\"\n\nProfessor Paul Cosford, medical director at PHE, said: \"Antibiotic resistance is not a distant threat, but is in fact one of the most dangerous global crises facing the modern world today.\n\n\n\n\nHealth Minister Steve Brine said: \"This Government is firmly committed to combating drug-resistant infections and refuses to allow modern medicine to grind to a halt - simple steps can make a huge difference.\"\n\nJustine Roberts, founder of Mumsnet, said: \"Many parents will know the anxiety and frustration that comes with worrying about a poorly child, while also fretting about missed days of school and work.\n\n\"The temptation to lobby for antibiotics can be overwhelming, so this Public Health England advice is welcome.\n\n\"The risks that come with the inappropriate use of antibiotics are just too great.\"", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9891034960746765}
+{"content": "Payments: the killer app for wearables\n\nGet eBook\n\nWhat is the impact of the wearable revolution?\n\nThe wearables market is in a period of impressive and sustained growth.\n\nIn 2017, total wearable device shipments reached over 115.4 million units, up 10.3% from the 104.6 million units shipped in 2016. With estimates predicting the global market to grow at a CAGR of 10.52% up until 2022 the size of this market is not to be underestimated.\n\nThis eBook explores the importance of payments in advancing wearable technology and driving mass market adoption. It also analyses the challenges that are presented by integrating payment functionality, and how they can be overcome by the implementation of a well-planned and executed testing program.\n\nTable of contents\n\n  1. The wearable revolution\n  2. What is a wearable?\n  3. Beyond health and fitness\n  4. Payments: the killer app for wearables?\n  5. Challenges\n  6. Testing requirements for wearable payment devices\n  7. Conclusion", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999949038028717}
+{"content": "The Force Exists\n\nWritten by Chad Echakowitz\n\n\nYes, I am talking about that Force. The one that Yoda and countless other Jedi studied the intricacies of in order to lift heavy things, open doors without touching them, and come back from the dead as a blue ghost. Though originally a thing of Science-Fiction, it is in fact, fact. However, it is not called The Force in our reality. Instead it is called gravity.\n\nGravity, like The Force, surrounds us, and binds us, and is a powerful ally. Gravity is the force which keeps us from floating away into space. But it is also so much more than that. In 2016, an exceedingly talented group of scientists confirmed a theory that had first been discussed 123 years before its discovery: they were able to successfully detect gravitational waves. It is with the confirmation of gravitational waves that we can begin to dream of The Force as a real thing present in our Universe.\n\nImagine you’re in a bathtub, or a pond, or any body of water. In your hand you hold a small ball, which floats on the water. As you push the ball through the water, the ball moves, creating ripples that propagate outward from the ball. The ball represents a planet, or other giant mass, the water is Spacetime, and the ripples represent gravitational waves. According to Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, gravity is the result of curving Spacetime around a mass. To keep the metaphor going, when the ball is in the water, the water distorts and moves around the ball to accommodate its shape and mass. It does not flow through the ball, but bends around it. Spacetime does the same to a planet or other large body such as a star or a black hole, distorting Spacetime by expanding and contracting it. The larger the object, the more distortion. This distortion produces a gravitational field which, like Spacetime, will be influenced by the size and weight of the object. Much like the ball moving through the water to create ripples, when the space object moves through Spacetime the distortion in the Spacetime changes to reflect the change in location. This creates ripples known as gravitational waves. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light and are a result of the accelerating object’s movement.\n\nIf one could observe gravitational waves, one would see a rhythmical increase and decrease in distance. Yes, that is correct: if you could see a gravitational wave, you would literally be able to see the distance between you and the origin of the wave become smaller and then larger and then smaller again and so on until the wave passes you. Unfortunately, objects which create gravitational waves, such as black holes, Neutron stars, and binary star systems, are so far away that by the time the wave reaches the Earth it is so small, it has little effect. This is why we haven't been able to detect them until now, and this is why their discovery is even more astonishing. Through the collaborative efforts of the Virgo Team and the LIGO, scientists were able to detect a gravitational wave creating a distortion (known as strain) of one part in 5×1022. That means that we have come to a point in time where our technology can detect changes in gravity smaller than a ten thousandth the size of a proton. \n\nIt is now time to move from the science, to the application. More specifically, the all-too important relation between gravity and The Force. The proof that gravitational waves exist shows that gravity has some form of substance and is all around us. Of course, most of this has been known for years but with the discovery of gravitational waves we can learn so much more about gravity, planets, the early universe and the application of Einstein’s theory of General Relativity. With an ever-expanding knowledge of how gravity works, we could figure out a way to manipulate the gravitational field, and potentially how to influence distance, time and mass, all three of which are necessary to create a gravitational field.\n\nBy manipulating the fabric of Spacetime around an object, distorting it more or less, one could influence the gravitational pull of the object, as well as how time runs around the object.  By manipulating an object's mass, we could increase or decrease it's gravity, making other objects seem lighter or heavier. This could also cause time to slow down or speed up around it. It will also increase or decrease the gravitational pull of the object, which means one could move objects around them with ease. Of course, because of the pull of Earth's gravity in comparison to our own, our personal gravitational pull - yes, everyone has their own gravitational pull - is so small, it has no real effect. We would have to somehow manipulate the Spacetime around us as to become influential in comparison to Earth's gravity which may lead to a series of problems in its own right, even if it were possible.  \n\nUnfortunately, this is all highly theoretical and may just be a science-fiction dream. There is no hard evidence that this would ever be possible even though, in theory, it could work. Yet the ability to manipulate Spacetime eludes us and our understanding of the Universe has only increased ever so slightly with the discovery of gravitational waves. We still have a lot to learn before we are anywhere close enough to utilising gravity like Yoda utilises The Force. \n\nEven if we never get to a stage where humans are walking around in big brown robes controlling The (Gravitational) Force, it is still baffling to think that there is an amazing force that surrounds us that distorts and shapes itself to our masses. Even more baffling is the fact that science has become so advanced that we can discover the tiniest blip of a disturbance over astronomical distances. Every year we learn even more about planets, black holes, the early Universe, and how gravity works. The future is vast with possibilities. The technological advances in science can take us anywhere, even to galaxies far, far away.\n\nMay the Gravitational Force be with you.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9757960438728333}
+{"content": "Sarah La’Porte, Consultant Radiologist, Milton Keynes University Hospital\n\nWhen did you start in the NHS?\n\n\nWhy did you choose to work in the NHS?\n\nI wanted to work for an organisation that believes that, regardless of background or circumstance, we are all entitled to high quality care.\n\nDescribe what you do in 100 words.\n\nI am a consultant radiologist with an interest in head and neck imaging. I look at CT scans, MRI scans and x-rays, and provide a report to the clinical doctors, typically ear, nose and throat (ENT) and maxillofacial surgeons. I meet with surgeons, oncologists, nurses and many other members of the multidisciplinary team once per week to discuss patients and their care. I also perform ultrasound and biopsy of the neck, and I therefore have the opportunity to meet and develop relationships with patients under our care.\n\nHow would you describe the NHS in one word?\n\n\n\nA well-deserved round the world cruise.\n\n\nTo get some experience at a hospital or GP practice. It is crucial to spend some time on the ground, speaking to current NHS workers about the challenges and opportunities of the job, before you even consider a career in healthcare. It is demanding, yet frequently rewarding, work.\n\nRead more staff stories", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9935372471809387}
+{"content": "Problems With Prenatal Development\n\nProblems with prenatal development\nJGI/Jamie Grill / Getty Images\n\nIn most cases, prenatal development occurs normally and follows the established patterns of development with little variation. However, there are a number of things that can go wrong during this time, which are usually caused by genetics or environmental problems.\n\nGenetic Problems \n\nAs you might imagine, genetics play a major role in development. However, in some cases, genetic problems can emerge that may impact both current and future development.\n\n  • Inherited diseases: A number of illnesses can be inherited if one or both parents carry a gene for the disease. Examples of inherited diseases include Sickle-cell anemia, Cystic fibrosis, and Tay-Sachs disease. Genetic tests can often determine if a parent is a carrier of genes for a specific disease.\n  • Sex-Chromosome Problems: The third type of genetic problems involves sex-chromosomes. These include conditions such as Klinefelter's syndrome (an extra X-chromosome) and Turner syndrome (a single X-chromosome).\n\n    Environmental Problems \n\n    Environmental variables can also play a major role in prenatal development. Harmful environmental elements that can effects the fetus are known as teratogens. There a number of teratogens that can harm the fetus, including:\n\n    • Maternal Disease: There are a number of maternal diseases that can negatively impact the fetus, including herpes, rubella, and AIDS. Herpes virus is one of the most common maternal diseases and can be transmitted to the fetus, leading to deafness, brain swelling, or mental retardation. Women with herpes virus are often encouraged to deliver via cesarean to avoid transmission of the virus.\n\n    The prenatal period is a time of tremendous growth and also great vulnerability. As you have seen, there are a number of dangers that can pose a potential risk to the growing fetus. Some of these dangers, such as environmental risks from teratogens and drug use, can be prevented or minimized. In other instances, genetic problems may simply be unavoidable. In either case, early prenatal care can help new mothers and children cope with potential problems with prenatal development.\n\n    Was this page helpful?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6548525094985962}
+{"content": "Skip Nav\n\nNikola Tesla\n\nWhat our customers say\n\n❶Later he experimented with method to transmit electrical power wirelessly for long distances.\n\nGet free study materials\n\nOur Benefits\nNikola Tesla essay\n\n\n\nNikola Tesla Few people recognize his name today, and even among those who do, the words Nikola Tesla are likly to summon up the image of a crackpot rather than an authentic scientist Nikola Tesla After his demonstration of wireless communication radio in and after being the victor in the \"War of Currents\", he was widely respected as one of the greatest electrical engineers who worked in America Nikola Tesla remains one of the most mystical and dramatic figures of engineering.\n\nHis discoveries to a large extent shaped the power of technology which changed the world in the 20th century. The life story of Nikola Tesla is very dramatic and full of controversies and struggle. During his 86 years of life, Tesla made important contributions to such fields as radio technology, electric power and devices, electricity transmission, etc Bergstresser 6.\n\nSome of his discoveries and statements were intensively criticized by the scientists; however, Tesla managed to prove the value of his ideas by creating working prototypes and implementing the newly discovered principles in new technologies.\n\nOverall, Tesla applied for more than patents worldwide Bergstresser Many of his discoveries were not patented, because he believed that knowledge should be universal and should be shared between all people. The goal of this paper is to research the life and discoveries of Nikola Tesla, outline his key discoveries, discuss disputed discoveries and patents assigned to other people, and to consider the theories and papers which were not yet adopted by the scientific community.\n\nNikola Tesla was born on July 10, in Yugoslavia now — Croatia , in the family of an Orthodox priest and a talented mother who was the inventor of household appliances Martin Tesla received fundamental technical education in polytechnic school of Graz, and then received a degree in Prague University Martin First job of Tesla was the position of an electrical engineer in a telephone company, located in Budapest; later on, he moved to Paris to work for a branch of Edison company.\n\nIn these years, Tesla made his first discovery — induction motor powered by alternating current, and was actually trying to attract investors. However, the investors in Europe were reluctant to support his idea, and in Tesla made a decision to move to America Martin He started working for Edison, and shared his ideas with him; however, Edison found his ideas terrible.\n\nTesla desperately wanted to earn money to construct a working prototype of his discovery, but after he managed to task, Edison turned his promises into a joke.\n\nSince that time, they have become opponents, and these tensions continued throughout all their lives. When Tesla found a sagacious investor, George Westinghouse, he developed a system allowing to generate alternating current and to transmit it to long distances. A very significant contribution of Tesla into the modern technology was the creation of a hydroelectric generation station at Niagara waterfall.\n\nThe system transmitted the generated power using alternating current to Buffalo. During the course of his life, Tesla received numerous awards and honors: He never received the Nobel prize, although he was nominated to it, along with Edison Cheney Morgan to support his research Burgan A large tower intended for power and signal transmission was built on Long Island, but its construction was never completed: Morgan withdrew his funds, and the tower was demolished.\n\nAlthough Tesla continued working and preparing the background for the idea of wireless transmission of power, his financial position deteriorated and the rest of his life was spent in poverty.\n\nMain Topics\n\nPrivacy Policy\n\nNikola Tesla, without doubt, was a genius whose discoveries revolutionized the science of the 20th century, and, perhaps, his papers and research have enough potential to make a similar revolution in the 21st century, if his legacy would be properly used.\n\nPrivacy FAQs\n\nNikola Tesla greatly contributed to the development of commercial electricity. Tesla was born on July 10th, to Serbian parents in the modern-day Croatia. Tesla as a child was so curious about the world around him and experienced a strange childhood.\n\nAbout Our Ads\n\nNikola Tesla Essay Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla ; the father of modern day electricity, a genius and visionary was of Serbian American origins born in 10 July and died in 78 January at the age of Nikola Tesla Essay Words | 4 Pages Nikola Tesla was born midnight on July 10, in Smiljan, Lika, which was then part of the Austo-Hungarian Empire, region of Croatia.\n\nCookie Info\n\nNikola Tesla Essay Words | 5 Pages Nikola Tesla Few people recognize his name today, and even among those who do, the words Nikola Tesla are likly to summon up the image of a crackpot rather than an authentic scientist. Nikola Tesla Essays: Over , Nikola Tesla Essays, Nikola Tesla Term Papers, Nikola Tesla Research Paper, Book Reports. ESSAYS, term and research papers available for .", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999754786491394}
+{"content": "Why Games are an Important Part of Life\n\nGames are entertaining and fun. Childhood is when most of the days are spent by playing games. The same goes on as we get older, but the time is cut short. Nevertheless, some time should be spent every day for the games that you enjoy playing.\n\nThere are different types of games and they are essential for good health. It also brings out several other qualities of an individual. Fun activities like running around or hopscotch have their own benefits.\n\nVideo games also come with their set of positives which can drive the mind and enhance the thought process.\n\nHere are the basic types of games and how they benefit you.\n\n\nSports are created as a part of the curriculum from a very young age for a particular reason. There are many who find career paths in games, while others find joy in indulging in games. From mental to physical, sporting games provide several benefits to a person. Here are the benefits you can reap from sports/games.\n\n\nSports involve a lot of physical activity. This will keep your health in good shape. The muscles in the body develop faster. You won’t ever have to worry about health problems if you regularly play a sport or two.\n\n\nThe first thing that you’ll learn is sportsmanship—whether you’re losing or winning, you’ll enjoy the game anyway. It will teach you to handle the hardships of life in a better way. Courage to put in more effort and patience, are qualities you’ll inherit when you are more involved in sports.\n\n\nSportsmen need to be well disciplined to be in their best form. This involves keeping a schedule and sticking to it no matter what. In a course of time, this will turn into a habit. This is essentially the stepping stone to success.\n\nTeam building\n\nThis quality is easy to find in games that require teams. Dealing with teammates and working together will teach you to trust other people. It creates a bond that will make life a lot easier as you carry on. As you play on with the same team, you’ll also learn a lot about loyalty. Leadership is also a quality you’ll find here.\n\nThe enjoyment\n\nWhen you’re involved in a game, your mind gets free of all its troubles. This is the relaxation and mental space that you need often. Be it, students or adults, games are a must for personality development.\n\nVideo games\n\nStudies have shown that video games have a positive effect on the mind, and can make you think faster and act faster too. Although there is a lot of backlash against it, like anything else, when in moderation it is nothing but good for you.\n\nSlower aging process\n\nBeing fast and smart about the decisions that you make in the video games, was proven to slow down aging. There is no age limit for playing video games, so a significant effect was even found on sixty-year-olds.\n\nBetter decision making\n\nGames require fast decision making. As you get better at the game, you’ll learn to make faster and better decisions. This trait will carry on to the other parts of your life too.\n\nEnhanced social skills\n\nGamers communicate online which is their version of a social space. This ensures that they are competitive as well as friendly with more people out there. With the common interest being the game itself, it can create a bond between the gamers.\n\nLearning anything\n\nNew games can teach your brain to adapt and learn new things. This flexibility can help you adapt to new changes in your life, and you will be ready to face anything coming at you.\n\nIncreased focus\n\nWhen you are playing a video game, it has your complete attention. This attention level was not found even in classrooms. Games can increase your concentration levels significantly.\n\nGames motivate you to think while achieving certain goals. The human mind can think and learn a lot, perhaps more than education itself. Setting goals and acquiring everything you need step-by-step will teach you a lot of life lessons.\n\nSetting aside time to relax & indulge in some fun games can make you feel euphoric.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6259758472442627}
+{"content": "Crave For Games\n\nGame programming language\n\nYoutube playlist:[1]\n\n\nIt's an extremely useful and inspiring set of videos from Jonathan Blow (developer of Braid and The Witness games) with ideas about new programming language for game developers. He also came up with a prototype of the language which combine the performance of C and a bunch of conveniences (regarding to syntax, project architecture, compilation process, IDE, verification process integration) for a game developer.\n\n\nAt leash these videos are helpful as a guide for performance optimization. In the first two videos there is an overview of existing languages and a bit of criticism towards them.\n\n\nUPD March 2016: the sixth video \"Data-Oriented Demo: SOA, composition\" is very informative in the domain of game performance and data layout in the memory.\n\n\nLink 1:\n\nThis article in social networks:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9897472858428955}
+{"content": "Tbilisi Neighborhoods to be Rehabilitated\n\nNumerous neighborhoods in Tbilisi will undergo large-scale construction works in the upcoming months. This week the preparations have finished prior to starting the overdue rehabilitation of streets, bridges, walkways and other aspects of parts of Tbilisi’s infrastructure.\n\nDuring rush hour, the city usually suffocates in its own smog, a situation to be worsened by the upcoming works. However, with the old adage \"you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs,\" there is light at the end of the tunnel after the rehabilitation works are complete.\n\n\"The finalization of the infrastructural renovation and improvement is planned for 2019,\" Tbilisi Mayor Kakha Kaladze announced today.\n\nHis statement elaborated on the exact locations of theworks, while estimating the total allocated budget at several million GEL.\n\nOn Ioane Petritsi Street, underground communications and kerbstones will be renovated, while the street’s asphalt layer will be renewed.\n\nThe Mayor emphasized the total revision of traffic schemes, which will be supported by the traffic police as they have first-hand experience of congestion and bottleneck spots on various streets.\n\nCity Hall has said it will invest 2 million GEL in improving Ioane Petritsi Street alone.\n\nFurthermore, it was announced that Ponichala and Gldani would undergo similar rehabilitation works. Deputy Mayor of Tbilisi Irakli Bendeliani explained the details by pointing to the bridges connecting Upper and Lower Ponichala. The renovation of the bridge will consume an extra 2.3 million GEL. Contrary to the works at Ioane Petritsi Street, the works in Ponichala are expected to be finished by the end of 2018. Gladni is the most expensive project, totaling 8 million GEL for a total revamp of the Gladni bridge, which is expected to take the longest.\n\nThe various projects are expected to slow down traffic. Commuters are thus advised to plan in additional time during rush hour. \n\nBy Benjamin Music\n\nPhoto: State Construction Company\n\n10 April 2018 18:07", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9949413537979126}
+{"content": "Essay about Athletic Training Education Program\n\n972 Words 4 Pages\nAthletic Training Education Program\n\nTo achieve a degree in Athletic Training, there are many tasks and skills to be learned. The Education Council under the National Athletic Training Association put together an education program filled with a set of guidelines of what has to be taught to graduate with a degree in Athletic Training. Before you can learn and understand Athletic Training, you must know the Anatomy and Physiology of the human body. This includes bones, muscles, levels of organization, tissue levels, systems of the body, skeletal structure, articulations, integrative functions, sensory function, blood, and embryology (Martini, 2001). Besides Anatomy and Physiology, the methods of taping is also extremely critical to\n…show more content…\nThey consist of the converger, assimilator, accommodator, and the divergent learning styles. The converger learning style is entirely based on finding answers to a current question or dilemma and then making a decision by solving the problem. The assimilator learning style involves the comprehension of a variety of material into a concise and consistent format. The accommodator learning style is learning from primarily a \"hands-on\" clinical experience. Finally, the divergent learning style is sort of like sociology. It takes many logical and real life situations from many different angles and perspectives. The student athletic trainers mostly desire the converger, assimilator, and accommodator learning styles while the converger and assimilator learning styles have been proven to be the most preferred to Certified Athletic Trainers. For both groups, the divergent learning style was the least preferred. For this study, the Certified Athletic Trainers were broken down into even further groups. It turns out that there is a significant difference between the male and female Certified Athletic Trainers. The males preferred the assimilator and converger learning styles, whereas, the females would rather learn with the converger and accommodator learning styles. (Hansen, 2001)\n\nContinuing your Education\n\nAn important part of having a degree in Athletic Training is to continue your education. Not only does\n\nRelated Documents", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5493888854980469}
+{"content": "Plum-headed Finch\n\n\nFAMILY: Estrildidae\nGENUS: Aidemosyne\nSPECIES: modesta\n\nOTHER NAMES: Cherry Finch, Diadem Finch, Modest Grass Finch, Plain-coloured Finch, Plum-capped Finch, Plumhead.\n\n\n\nUpper parts olive-brown, rump and upper tail coverts olive-brown with wite bars. Tail is black. Top of head, forehead and chin deep red. Lores black, ear coverts white streaked with brown. Cheeks white, eyes brown, bill black and legs pink-brown.\nFemales are duller than males and lack the red colouration on the chin. They also have a white line above the eye.\nThe Plum-headed Finch resembles the Star Finch Neochmia ruficauda in its ecology and lives in groups of around 20-50 individuals. These groups often merge into larger flocks during winter months. They are mainly terrestrial in their foraging habits, and pairs form permanent bonds.\n\nLength: 100-110mm.\n\n\n\n\nIn the wild - secure In aviculture -\n\n\nWestern slopes and talblands of the Great Dividing Range from the Atherton Tableland south to Canberra.\n\n\nTall grass in dry temperate eucalypt woodlands.\n\n\nSeeds and insects.\n\n\nThe nest is usually located close to the ground in a dense shrub. The nest is sherical in shape with a side entrance and is constructed of green grass. Its dimensions are 110mm long x 165mm high x 75mm wide and it is lined with feathers.\nOnly the female builds the nest, but the male assists in fetching construction material. Both the parents incubate the eggs and rear the young.\n\n\nCourtship Display:\n\nMales position themselves beside the female and performs a bobbing dance with the body held erect and feathers ruffed. Like the Crimson Finch, Plum-headed Finches may hold a length of grass in the mandibles during this process. Cockbirds also usually crow during courtship.\n\nSexual Maturity:\n\n\n\n\nMutations and Hybrids:\n\nFawn mutations have been reported for this species. In this case the brown is replaced by fawn.\n\nSuitable Aviaries and Compatible Birds\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7537398338317871}
+{"content": "Serenityho Medics - Cunningham's Pharmacy | Cunninghams Pharmacy | Althone | Monksland\n\nCunningham's Pharmacy is a modern progressive pharmacy consisting of two stores ,one opposite Athlone I.T. on the Dublin Rd. and the other beside Super Valu and the Athlone Springs Hotel in Monksland. First established by brothers and pharmacists Paul and Enda Cunningham in 2002, it has gone from strength to strength culminating in the opening of a second store in Monksland in 2007, serving Athlone's west side.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.925801694393158}
+{"content": "\n\nSign Up\n\nCornell Notes Essay\n\nOpen Document\n\nBelow is an essay on \"Cornell Notes\" from Anti Essays, your source for research papers, essays, and term paper examples.\n\nMatthew Carreno\nPeriod 4\nAP Psychology\n\nUnit 5 Cornell Notes\n\nWhat do our internal rhythms create? | Our internal biological rhythms create periodic physiological fluctuations |\nSpecifically, What does the circadian rhythms regulate? | The circadian rhythm’s 24-hour cycle regulates our daily schedule of sleeping and waking, in part in response to light on the retina, triggering alterations in the level of sleep-inducing melatonin. |\nWhat are the sleep stages? | Another biological rhythm is the sleep stages. |\nWhat are the five steps of the sleep stages? | we descend into transitional Stage 1 sleep, often with the sensation of falling or floating. Stage 2 sleep (in which we spend the most time) follows about 20 minutes later, with its characteristic sleep spindles. Then follow Stages 3 and 4, together lasting about 30 minutes, with large, slow delta waves. All these stages are referred to as NREM sleep. Reversing course, we retrace our path, but with one difference: About an hour after falling asleep,we begin periods of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. |\nWhere does dreaming most prominently occur? | Most dreaming occurs in this fifth stage (also known as paradoxical sleep) of internal arousal but outward paralysis. |\nWhich stage shortens REM sleep length? | During a normal night’s sleep, periods of Stages 3 and 4 sleep shorten and REM sleep lengthens. |\n\nWhat are the harmful effects of sleep deprivation? | Sleep deprivation causes fatigue and impairs concentration, creativity, and communication. |\n\nWhat are the additional effects of sleep loss? | It also can lead to obesity, hypertension, a suppressed immune system, irritability, and slowed performance (with greater vulnerability to accidents). |\nWhat are the benefits of sleep? | Sleep may have played a protective role in human evolution by keeping people safe during potentially dangerous periods. Sleep also gives the brain time to heal, as it restores and repairs...\n\nShow More\n\n\nMLA Citation\n\n\"Cornell Notes\". Anti Essays. 12 Dec. 2018\n\n\nAPA Citation\n\nCornell Notes. Anti Essays. Retrieved December 12, 2018, from the World Wide Web: http://snehaedu.com/free-essays/Cornell-Notes-546761.html", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9705406427383423}
+{"content": "2nd Edition Introductory Chemistry - Version 4\n\n\nAnalyze the fundamental chemical structures, properties and reactions within chemistry through labs that range from the periodic trends in atomic properties to understanding the differences between acids and bases. \n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9983102083206177}
+{"content": "Fellsmere Area-Office\n\nHurricanes devastated the east coast of Florida in 2004. The little town of Fellsmere, west of Vero Beach on Florida’s east coast and populated largely by farmworkers working in the vast citrus groves in the area, was especially hard-hit. With few food, clothing and housing resources reaching the community and with many undocumented immigrants fearful of asking for assistance, FWAF staff traveled to Fellsmere to address the hardships faced by the farmworker community. Finding and developing partners with other local organizations, FWAF began organizing farmworkers in Fellsmere to petition government officials to meet the needs of the people.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998136162757874}
+{"content": "Otis Cover.jpg\n\nOtis Redding remains an immortal presence in the canon of American music on the strength of such classic hits as \"(Sittin’ on) The Dock of the Bay,\" “I’ve Been Loving You Too Long (To Stop Now),” \"Try a Little Tenderness,\" and \"Respect,\" a song he wrote and recorded before Aretha Franklin made it her own.  As the architect of the distinctly southern, gospel-inflected style of rhythm & blues associated with Stax Records, Redding and his music have long served as the gold standard of 1960s soul. Yet an aura of myth and mystery has always surrounded his life, which was tragically cut short at the height of his career by a plane crash in December 1967.\n\nIn Otis Redding, Jonathan Gould finally does justice to Redding’s unfinished life, drawing on exhaustive research, the cooperation of his family, and previously unavailable sources of information to present the first fully-formed portrait of the singer’s background, his upbringing, and his professional career.\n\n\n\n\nBeginning with their adolescence in Liverpool, Gould describes the seminal influences–– from Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry to The Goon Show and Alice In Wonderland––that shaped the Beatles both as individuals and as a group. In addition to chronicling their growth as singers, songwriters, and instrumentalists, he highlights the advances in recording technology that made their sound both possible and unique, as well as the developments in television and radio that lent an explosive force to their popular success. With a musician’s ear, Gould sensitively evokes the timeless appeal of the Lennon-McCartney collaboration and their emergence as one of the most creative and significant songwriting teams in history. And he sheds new light on the significance of Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band as rock’s first concept album, down to its memorable cover art.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9600545763969421}
+{"content": "What is Speech Therapy?\n\nWhat is Speech Therapy?\n\nSpeech Therapy is concerned with the management of disorders of speech, language, communication and swallowing.\n\nA Speech Therapist can help you understand and manage many issues that your child has around communication (the need to understand and be understood, as well as non-verbal communication such as body language and facial expressions,) speech (the mechanical functions such as mouth movements and voice production,) and language (the use of words and speech to communicate) as looking into the many other factors which may be affecting these areas.\n\nA Speech Therapist can also assess feeding and swallowing difficulties and provide support and strategies around this.\n\nDoes my child need Speech Therapy?\n\nSpeech therapy deals not only with speech, but aims to help diagnose and treat any issues that your child is having communicating, as compared to similar-age children.\n\nSigns that your child may be having difficulties in this area include:\n\nSmaller vocabulary than other similar-age children\n\nTrouble understanding your child, or your child understanding you or others\n\nTrouble holding a conversation\n\nStutters, stammers and trouble with certain sounds\n\n\nSpeech Therapy at Kids World:\n\nAt Kids World we aim to tailor our Speech Therapy service to meet your child’s individual needs, taking into account their sensory processing capabilities as well as any other factors which may be impacting on their communication development. We focus on developing functional language, communication and social skills through experienced based learning, play and peer sessions.\n\nA global assessment with one of our Speech Therapists can help you to understand any challenges that your child is facing in developing their speech, language and communication skills, and look at any underlying issues which may be impacting this.\n\nIf you are unsure, please feel free to contact us on 02 9418 9995, or by email at info@kidsworldtherapy.com.au, and we will arrange for one of our therapists to speak with you regarding speech therapy and whether this would be beneficial for your child.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5543085336685181}
+{"content": "Human Monocytes - CD14, CD16 - Ziegler-Heitbrock\n\n\n\n\nThis report investigates the molecular basis for tissue-restricted and regulated expression of the pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 in human monocytes and macrophages. To define the proximal promoter, the full 5'-sequence and transcriptional start sites of TLR2 mRNA were determined. The human TLR2 gene was found to consist of two 5' noncoding exons followed by a third coding exon. Alternative splicing of exon II was detected primarily in human blood monocytes. The proximal promoter, exon I, and part of intron I were found to be located in a CpG island. Although CpG methylation of the proximal human TLR2 promoter in cell lines correlated with TLR2 repression, the promoter was unmethylated in primary cells, indicating that CpG methylation does not contribute to the cell-type specific expression of human TLR2 in normal tissues. The promoter sequence contains putative binding sites for several transcription factors, including Sp1 and Ets family members. Reporter gene analysis revealed a minimal promoter of 220 bp that was found to be regulated by Sp1, Sp3, and possibly PU.1. Interestingly, no sequence homology was detected between human and murine TLR2 promoter regions. In contrast to murine TLR2, expression of human TLR2 in monocytes/macrophages is not induced by the proinflammatory stimuli LPS or macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2, and reporter activity of the promoter was not enhanced by stimuli-induced NF-kappaB activation in THP-1 or MonoMac-6 cells. Our findings provide an initial definition of the human TLR2 promoter and reveal profound differences in the regulation of an important pattern recognition molecule in humans and mice.\n\nAuthors: Haehnel V, Schwarzfischer L, Fenton MJ, Rehli M\nJournal: J Immunol 168: 5629-5637\nYear: 2002\nPubMed: Find in PubMed", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5097770690917969}
+{"content": "Observatorium: Epicentre This is the shadow site for search engines. Open the site for humans here\n\n\nA sloping study cell with chaise longue, bookcases and a lectern, on a foundation of 14 tree trunks, alongside a museum showing an exhibition on the mythology of the world's greatest meteor impact in the earth's recent history, the Tunguska impact.\n\n\"Dear Observatorium, could you give a reflection of the Siberian vertical after scanning the Dutch horizontal in Heino\". Sergey Kovalevsky, a curator at the Cultural Historical Museum Complex in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, had happened on some photographs of Villagescape in Heino on the internet. Seeing the observation post gave him the idea of inviting Observatorium to work in Krasnoyarsk and to take part in the Tunguska Phenomenon exhibition. He asked specifically for \"a pavilion on the area near our museum from which it is possible to see the sky, with a centenary trace of light of a mysterious space body.\" The year 2008 marked the one hundredth anniversary of the famous Tunguska impact, when an area of Siberian taiga forest measuring over 2,000 square kilometres was flattened by the blast. Huge amounts of matter spread into the upper atmosphere, scattering so much light that Londoners could read The Times in the street at night. Most accounts of the event describe it as the impact of a meteorite or asteroid, although no fragments have ever been found; more recent analyses point towards a comet exploding in the atmosphere. The longer the event recedes into the past, the more conjectures and stories circulate about it.\n\n\nThe organizers in Krasnoyarsk wished to hold a scientific symposium and an art exhibition to highlight the effect of the Tunguska event on culture and beliefs. The museum of the city of Krasnoyarsk, designed by the architect A.S. Demirkhanov, looks like an enormous red meteor that has landed on a steep riverbank, at the place where the first wooden houses and palisades of the original fort of Krasnoyarsk once stood. On completion in 1987, the museum was dedicated entirely to the honour of Lenin. Within a few years it had turned into a gallery for contemporary art, and was holding an international biennial. The building is a hexagonal behemoth sunk partly into the ground, with staircases that pass underneath it and lead to the river. It has few windows and the gallery spaces are disposed around a huge atrium. The museum is surrounded by a small park, which is connected to the central shopping street Mira by a bridge over the city motorway. A visitor will be struck by two strange discrepancies – a contrast between the museum's prominent site by the river and its isolation due to the motorway, and another between its brooding exterior and the wealth of architectural invention in its interior.\nSiberian sky\nThe commissioned work was to be a pavilion for observing the Siberian sky that exploded one hundred years ago. Observatorium quickly found a fitting location, with maximum visibility from the highway and surrounding buildings, with the museum in the background. The city planner had imposed rigorous boundaries here, and there is something to be said for having a museum with a leisure park and its statuary separated from the busy traffic. However, the building and its surroundings, which are of so much of interest when viewed from nearby, make a purely lifeless impression in the few seconds available to a passing motorist. Observatorium did not wish the pavilion to have the effect of drawing more attention to the museum; their aim was to give balanced recognition to fast and slow perception.\nlocation: Cultural Historical Museum Complex, Krasnoyarsk\nObservatorium - Epicentre - Man-erin Observatorium - Epicentre - stoplicht Observatorium - Epicentre - Met-standbeeld Observatorium - Epicentre - Epicentre Observatorium - Epicentre - Epicentrum-poster Observatorium - Epicentre - chair-3d Observatorium - Epicentre - kasten-3d Observatorium - Epicentre - bed-3d Observatorium - Epicentre - floor-3d Observatorium - Epicentre - 3d-3 Observatorium - Epicentre - Met-toren Observatorium - Epicentre - Epicentre-werk\n\nback to index", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9992673397064209}
+{"content": "Opposition parties to march in Limpopo\n\n\nAnti-Zuma march \n\n\n“[President] Jacob Zuma and the ANC have normalised the abuse of the people’s money and institutions for self-benefit, while neglecting their duty to create jobs and build a better South Africa,” the DA said in a statement.\n\n“There is no better case study than the province of Limpopo, corrupted to the point of near bankruptcy, and economically stagnant,” the DA added.\n\nThe march is scheduled to start at 10:00 at SABC Park.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9265620112419128}
+{"content": "10 Aug\nMarketing Specialist\nWisconsin, Milwaukee\n\nThe Marketing Specialist’s role is to design, create, deliver and execute marketing programs to support and enhance our growth and increase market share. Proficiency in digital design/graphics, web advertising, social media, email, blogging, newsletters, event support, brochures, mailers, and marketing materials in general is required.\nFamiliarity with SEO, PPC, and a wide range of outbound marketing practices, concepts, and procedures is expected.\nThe Marketing Specialist will be responsible for maintaining our social media profiles and developing and executing a comprehensive and consistent outbound digital marketing strategy. The person in this position will develop and drive email marketing campaigns, relevant social media platforms, contributions to our blog, and video feeds.\nExperience should include all of the above, as well as use of tracking analytics, data interpretation, and results-based measurement analysis.\nThis individual should have a demonstrated history of working in a fast-paced environment while delivering multiple projects accurately, on schedule, and on budget. Must have developed social media strategies that generate inbound traffic, elevate brand awareness, enhance company PR, and ultimately contribute to incremental sales.\nTo be effective, this role requires a person with a desire to contribute to company growth. Strong communication and people skills are critical. This individual must be intuitive and able to recognize and capitalize on opportunities to promote the company, brand, and products.Key Qualifications:\nMinimum of two years of experience delivering effective and innovative in digital campaigns.\nExcellent communication and presentation skills.\nMinimum two-year associate degree in marketing.\nProficient in English, second language a plus.\nDeep understanding of digital marketing and digital production.\nSolid understanding of web metrics and digital analytics with the ability to generate, analyze and interpret data for continuous improvement.\nStrong project management and organizational skills.\nResponsibilities/General Job Description:\nCreate, execute and manage a digital marketing strategy and content/promotional calendar that includes a comprehensive, cohesive execution plan.\nDevelop, manage and distribute original content/contributions to newsletters, blogs, social media, email, etc.\nResearch and develop email database and target key groups for distribution with a goal of brand enhancement, high conversions and short-and long-term growth.\nAssume responsibility of marketing communications functions, including PR, events, & retail and business product marketing.\nOngoing management of digital touch points, social media, website content and presentation, networking, apps, etc.\nManage media design, day-to-day production, and campaign budgets and schedules.\nDevelop and coordinate multimedia packages.\nMust keep up to date on new media marketing platforms and monitor trends in marketing.\nMust be able to work under deadline pressure and manage multiple projects across multiple lines of business.\nContribute to team effort, education, and effectiveness through open communication and a positive outlook.\nProfessionally represent and promote the company in business activities.\nWith management, create goal benchmark criteria and manage the processes in ERP system.\nEstablish plans of action and measurement tools. This should allow for analysis over time of the data, respective success ratios, and continuous improvement.\n\n\nRelated jobs", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9810903072357178}
+{"content": "3 Ways to Find some happiness\n\n3 Ways to Find Happiness RIGHT NOW!!\n\n\n\nMy guided meditations: Guided sleep meditation, ‘Restoring your True Self’ guided meditation and a simple five-minute grounding meditation with video. Insight timer: https://insighttimer.com/ 00:50 – Going over the myths about meditation. 01:45 – Falling asleep\n\nCannot Stop Thinking\n\nAre you addicted to thinking? Can’t stop Thinking?\n\n\nHow to cope when things change\n\nDealing with change – Here is a way to take control\n\n\n\nOverwhelming emotions\n\n3 Ways to Deal with Overwhelming Emotions\n\nWe all struggle with our emotions. A two-year-old has a tantrum because they cannot have something they want in that moment. And equally, a 40-year-old will struggle with feelings of anger over a situation they cannot control.\n\nWhat’s the difference?\n\nI remember back when I was around six years old, my parents were being incredibly unreasonable and stopping me walking 3 miles alone to the gas station to claim my free Smurf toy. At the time when you refuelled the car you would be given tokens which you could then trade in for little Smurf characters. They were amazing, I already had 10 and I wanted another.\n\nThe Easy Way to Practice Gratitude\n\nWithout a doubt, the number one way to live a happier life is to practice gratitude. But why is it so important, and if it’s simply ‘appreciating what we have’, then why do so few people do it?\n\nWe become so focused on what we want, what we don’t want, and what we haven’t got, that we miss out on everything we do have. For weeks we desire a new item we’ve seen in a shop or online, we save our money or find a way to get it. When we finally get it we feel great, opening the item and enjoying this nice new experience we’ve looked forward to.\n\nThree weeks later, everything is back to normal and we no longer spare a thought for this inanimate object that gave us such delight and pleasure just a few weeks ago.\n\nOver-dramatic? Maybe a little? No, I don’t think so.\n\nWhat is an easy way to practice gratitude?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.96271812915802}
+{"content": "World and Nation\n\nRepublicans face an electoral challenge\n\nTwo more presidential elections, in 2016 and 2020, will be contested under the current Electoral College configuration, which gave President Barack Obama a second term on Tuesday. This year’s results suggest that this could put Republicans at a structural disadvantage.\n\nBased on a preliminary analysis of the returns, Mitt Romney might have had to win the national popular vote by 3 percentage points to be assured of winning the Electoral College. The last Republican to do that was George H.W. Bush, in 1988.\n\nThe FiveThirtyEight model had a very strong night Tuesday, but it was wrong about the identity of the tipping-point state — the state that would give the winner his 270th electoral vote. Based on the polls, it appeared that Ohio was the most likely to be the tipping point. Instead, it was Colorado — just as it was in 2008.\n\n(The Electoral College tipping point can be determined by arranging the 50 states and the District of Columbia from the most Democratic to the most Republican, based on their preliminary results from Tuesday, and counting up the number of electoral votes for the Democratic candidate, starting at zero and going up to 538. Colorado was the state to carry the president over the 270 mark.)\n\nThe worry for Republicans is that Obama won Colorado by nearly 5 percentage points (4.7, to be precise). Obama’s margin in the national popular vote, as of this writing, is 2.4 percentage points. We estimate that it will grow to 2.5 percentage points, or perhaps slightly higher, once some remaining returns and provisional ballots are counted. But it seems clear that Obama had some margin to spare in the Electoral College.\n\nHad the popular vote been a tie — assuming that the margin in each state shifted uniformly — he still would have won re-election with 285 electoral votes, carrying Colorado and Virginia, although losing Florida and Ohio.\n\nIn fact, had Romney won the popular vote by 2 percentage points, Obama still would have won the Electoral College, losing Virginia but holding on to Colorado.\n\nOf course, the relative order of the states can shift a bit from election to election: In 2000, after all, it was Democrats who lost the Electoral College despite winning the popular vote.\n\nLooking ahead, Ohio might be one of the Republicans’ lesser worries. Obama did win the state, but his margin is 1.9 percentage points based on the ballots in so far, slightly less than his margin of victory nationally, and he might have benefited there from the auto bailout, a one-off event.\n\nBut Obama did not need Ohio to carry the Electoral College. Instead, states where there have been demographic shifts, like Colorado, gave him enough of a cushion.\n\nNor was Ohio the only formerly Republican-leaning state to move closer to the Electoral College tipping point. Obama’s margins in Virginia, Florida and North Carolina also held up well compared with 2008.\n\nVirginia, in fact, was slightly more Democratic-leaning than the country as a whole this year, voting for Obama by 3 percentage points.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5987388491630554}
+{"content": "Arborist Services\n\nSince 2007, ATP: Asia Tree Preservation (美亞樹��服務有限公司) Certified Arborists have helped clients in the public and private sectors in Hong Kong and beyond to ensure that their trees are assets rather than liabilities. ATP offers a comprehensive suite of tree consulting services including tree survey, tree risk assessment and typhoon preparation. We also assist in tree preservation on construction and redevelopment projects as well as selecting the ideal tree type for each project’s unique needs.\n\nWhen integrated properly into a public or private space, trees can add beauty, function and value. The right trees in the right places can greatly enhance the user or visitor experience, be it in a commercial development, recreational club, school or private home.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nATP Tree Management Services", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7168987989425659}
+{"content": "European Union (EU) flags fly outside the new headquarters of the European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany. (Photographer: Martin Leissl/Bloomberg)\n\nCentral Banks Strike Back\n\n(Bloomberg Opinion) -- After significant political pressures, central banks mounted a multifaceted, though uncoordinated, counteroffensive last week. But their pushback could prove to be just a brief interruption to a political phenomenon that could even gain further momentum, especially if higher and more inclusive growth outcomes continue to elude so many countries.\n\nCentral bank policies are under political attack in both emerging and advanced countries. Governments, including in Russia and Turkey, seem to have become more outspoken about how these monetary institutions should implement their policies. In the U.S., the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hikes have been criticized by President Donald Trump. And in Europe, ECB President Mario Draghi and his colleagues on the Governing Council are continuously defending the bank’s large-scale purchases of securities and its maintenance of negative interest rates.\n\nAnd it’s not just the policies that are under fire. Legal and institutional arrangements that protect the operational autonomy of central banks are also being questioned, along with some practices. A particularly vivid example is South Africa, where the Reserve Bank has repeatedly had to fight off challenges to its ownership structure, as well as its responsibilities and tools. In the U.K., Bank of England Governor Mark Carney has been criticized by some members of Parliament for publicly giving his opinion on various Brexit scenarios.\n\nBut the central banking community appeared to successfully resist these pressures last week.\n\nOnly hours after Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, called interest rates a “tool of exploitation,” the country's central bank hiked rates to 24 percent from 17.75 percent, a move that went beyond consensus market expectations. The Russian central bank also surprised markets by raising rates despite both implicit and explicit government pressure to lower them.\n\nIn the U.S., Fed officials continued to make their case for tighter monetary policies. Governor Lael Brainard, usually among the most dovish voices on the Open Market Committee, stated that “The shorter-run neutral rate, rather than the longer-run federal funds rate, is the relevant benchmark for assessing the near-term path of monetary policy.” She added that “It appears reasonable to expect the shorter-run neutral rate to rise somewhat higher than the longer-run neutral rate.”\n\nFinally, in the U.K., Carney risked the renewed wrath of some Cabinet ministers by delivering a “chilling” warning that economic chaos could follow a disorderly Brexit.\n\nIt is tempting to think of these actions as a shift in the trend toward greater actual and attempted political interference in the business of central banking. In other words, success by central banks in resisting a push for changes that would erode the flexibility and effectiveness of an essential element of the policy-making apparatus. But that conclusion would be premature.\n\nCentral banks continue to struggle with the twin realities of hard-to-explain policies and few, if any, political advocates and lobbies. Their situation gets even more tricky when they find themselves in the business of either resisting government pressures to artificially boost demand (as is the case in Russia), “taking the punch bowl away” as the economic and financial party appears to be in its later stages (in the U.S.), or adopting dramatic contractionary actions to counter currency disorder that risks widespread damage, as in Turkey.\n\nAnd then there is the more generalized institutional pressure from anti-establishment and populist tides, with the related loss of public confidence in technocrats and in expert opinion in many countries.\n\nRather than mark a new rise of central banks, last week is more likely to be a temporary aberration. Until higher and more inclusive growth and genuine financial stability become the norm around the world, rather than the rare exception, these crucial institutions will continue to face enormous political pressures. And since they alone cannot deliver the needed economic and financial improvements, their effectiveness and reputation will remain at the mercy of the actions and whims of others.\n\n\n\n©2018 Bloomberg L.P.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9968745112419128}
+{"content": "Landrum & Shouse LLP\nLexington 859-554-4038\nLouisville 502-589-7616\nToll Free 888-322-2505\nFacebook Twitter Linked In Google Plus\nThis is an advertisement\nSite Menu\nLandrum & Shouse LLP\nOur Blog\n\nLegal News Archives\n\nThe Ever Changing World of Sovereign Immunity\n\n\"Despite the frequency of opinions on the subject from this Court, the law of sovereign immunity, and the related doctrines of governmental immunity, official immunity, and qualified official immunity, is still difficult to apply, no doubt in part because of the large number of decisions on the subject. Attitudes about the propriety of immunity for the state and its subdivision, government agencies and their employees, and government-created entities have shifted back and forth over time and personnel changes on the Court.\" Ky. River Foothills Dev. Council, Inc. v. Phirman, 504 S.W.3d 11, 16, (Ky. 2016); citing Comair, Inc. v. Lexington-Fayette Urban County Airport Corp., 295 S.W.3d 91, 94 (Ky. 2009).This statement by the Kentucky Supreme Court illustrates the evolving Kentucky law regarding sovereign and governmental immunity. In Comair the Supreme Court attempted to clarify any confusion in the law and establish a more certain framework to resolve the question concerning the types of businesses and organizations entitled to immunity. In Comair, the Supreme Court set forth a two prong test. First, one must look to see who created the entity in question. Comair, 295 S.W.3d at 99. Second, and most importantly, does the entity provide a governmental function? Id. To satisfy the second prong, there are two elements that need to be addressed. Whether the entity's function is \"governmental\", and whether the matter is of a \"statewide\" concern.\n\nRaising the Kentucky Minimum Wage?\n\nIn an effort to modernize, the Fair Labor Standards Act underwent an overhaul that raised the minimum salary necessary to become exempt from overtime pay. Although the changes have not yet gone into effect due to an injunction in place while the Department of Labor hashes things out in a Texas federal court, the message is clear. Similarly, eighteen states have raised their minimum wage requirements above the 2009 federal mandate of $7.25 per hour. Now the 115th U.S. Congress (2017-2018) is considering the Raise the Wage Act (S.1242) which has been read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions. Should it become law, the Raise the Wage Act will gradually raise the minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2024, and will eliminate the separate minimum wage requirements for tipped employees, bringing them up to the same minimum wage as regular employees after a certain time period.\n\nThe \"White Collar\" Exemption - Preparing for the Final Rule\n\n\n\"Sex Stereotyping\" and Title VII Protections\n\nGender identity has become an increasingly prevalent issue, in the news and across social media. In Obergefell v. Hodges, the 2015 U.S. Supreme Court landmark case recognizing the fundamental right to marry for same-sex couples, Justice Kennedy began the majority opinion by holding that \"The Constitution promises liberty all within its reach, a liberty that includes certain specific rights that allow persons ... to define and express their identity.\" 135 S.Ct. 2584, 2593 (2015). The ability to define one's own identity is broader than a simple demarcation between competing sexual orientations. Not surprisingly, employers have begun to find themselves tasked with accommodating the transitioning or transitioned employee in recognition of that individual's protected liberties, often in the face of antagonistic coworker responses, without creating an unreasonable interference with the employer's business.\n\n\nKentucky law requires that all minor settlements be approved by a court. Court approval is needed no matter the amount of the settlement, the parties involved, and regardless of whether a civil action has been filed. Minor settlements and the administration of the estates of minors are governed by KRS 387.010 through KRS 387.330.\n\nFMCSA Establishes Mandatory Database for Drug and Alcohol Violations\n\nThe Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) recently published a final rule that establishes a drug and alcohol clearinghouse for the holders of a Commercial Driver's License (CDL). The Commercial Driver's License Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse will serve as a central repository for records of violations of the FMCSA drug and alcohol testing program by CDL holders. Compliance with the Clearinghouse rules will be required as of January 6, 2020. The rule is designed to identify the drivers of commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) who are ineligible to operate a CMV because of a drug or alcohol violation.\n\n\nFifty years ago, pre injury arbitration agreements were unenforceable in most states. Basically, this was because courts believed that the right to have claims resolved in court was a fundamental constitutional right that could not be waived before a claim arose. But in the 1970's, that view began to change. The federal government and the states enacted laws making arbitration agreement provisions enforceable. The enforceability of arbitration clauses has since then been upheld in all manner of contracts, most controversially in the securities industry and the consumer goods market.\n\n\n\nU.S. Dept. of Labor to Revitalize Overtime Protection for Employees\n\n\nExaminations Under Oath\n\nIn Adams v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., the Court of Appeals recently addressed Examinations Under Oath. In Adams, two passengers that were injured in an automobile accident were denied Basic Reparations Benefits for noncompliance with the terms of the applicable insurance contract \"by failing to cooperate in the investigation of their claims when they did not participate in an Examination Under Oath (EUO...).\" Adams v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 2013-CA-002152-MR, 2015 WL 3638004, at *1 (Ky. Ct. App. June 12, 2015). The insurance company argued that \"the EUO was a requirement under the contract of insurance [it] had with its insured. The trial court granted [the insurance company's] motion for declaratory and summary judgment on this issue. The Appellants then brought this appeal asserting that nothing in the Motor Vehicle Reparations Act (MVRA) allows for a dismissal by the court on these grounds.\" Id.\n\nFindLaw Network", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7586387991905212}
+{"content": "Kinds of Assessment\n\nSolve your problems or get new ideas with basic brainstorming\n\nGet Started. It's Free\nor sign up with your email address\nRocket clouds\nKinds of Assessment by Mind Map: Kinds of Assessment\n\n1. Peer Asessment: Having students assess each other.\n\n1.1. Purpose of Assessment: Purposes are multiple, but the reason this is different than any kind of teacher assessment is that many times students care more and learn more from assessment and feedback given by peers.\n\n1.2. Advantages: Students see the schoolwork from both a student and a teacher's perspective. Being the assessor can reinforce learning.\n\n1.3. Disadvantages: Students probably have not mastered the content themselves, so they cannot always give accurate or useful feedback.\n\n1.4. Could be either Assessment OF Learning or Assessment FOR Learning depending on how it is done.\n\n1.5. Example: In the highest level of student involvement: 1. Students and instructors work together to prepare model answers and scoring guidelines. 2. Students then use the negotiated guidelines to assess the work of peers. 3. Students are then responsible for providing feedback to the other students.\n\n1.6. Citations: Peer Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2015, from http://ctl.utexas.edu/teaching/assess-learning/feedback/peer-assessment\n\n2. Authentic: Focuses on skills and abilities by assessing students as they do tasks that mimic the target content.\n\n2.1. Purpose of Assessment: To make a more realistic test that can judge whether students can apply the knowledge that they are supposed to be learning.\n\n2.2. Advantages: Students demonstrate target skills in a context closer to that in which they will actually use the skills in the future.\n\n2.3. Disadvantages: Difficulty in creating a scoring structure that is clear and fair. Much of what is being evaluated may be very subjective.\n\n\n2.5. Example: In a history class recently the students studying Medieval times held a feast and jousting competition. The food was all recipes that were as authentic to the times as possible. There were also students assigned to be entertainers, lords, ladies and so on.\n\n2.6. Citations Ten Takeaway Tips for Using Authentic Assessment in Your School. (2011, January 14). Retrieved June 24, 2015, from http://www.edutopia.org/10-assessment-tips-for-class\n\n3. Self Assessment: Assessing one's own work.\n\n3.1. Purpose of Assessment: According to a paper on the University of Sydney website: \"The main aims of self and peer assessment are to: • increase student responsibility and autonomy • strive for a more advanced and deeper understanding of the subject matter, skills and processes • lift the role and status of the student from passive learner to active leaner and assessor (this also encourages a deeper approach to learning) • involve students in critical reflection • develop in students a better understanding of their own subjectivity and judgement.\" PDF at: http://sydney.edu.au/education_social_work/groupwork/docs/SelfPeerAssessment.pdf\n\n3.2. Advantages: Helps students to develop the skill of evaluating their own work which is important in work and life in general Students are directly involved and thus have responsibility Students can generally take the test many times, potentially learning from the test itself.\n\n3.3. Disadvantages: Students may not be able to accurately assess themselves. This is especially true if they are not given clear guidelines.\n\n3.4. Could be either Assessment OF Learning or Assessment FOR Learning depending on how it is done. In fact, it might be more of a reflection (see example), and not serve either of the above purposes very well.\n\n3.5. Example: At the school I work in, students are required to assess themselves at the end of each semester. This is more of a reflection on the past semester. The guiding questions help the students to reflect on which of our \"five stars\" they performed well on. These include things like being a good communicator, being a risk-taker etc. Students are asked to give specific details to back up their claims.\n\n3.6. Citations: (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2015, from http://sydney.edu.au/education_social_work/groupwork/docs/SelfPeerAssessment.pdf Assessment Matters. (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2015, from http://app.griffith.edu.au/assessment-matters/docs/assessment-methods/peer-self/self\n\n4. Portfolio: A collection of a student's work that displays what they have learned.\n\n4.1. Purpose of Assessment: Show what a student has achieved through learning. This can be shown like a resume to universities, potential employers etc.\n\n4.2. Advantages: The portfolio paints a much richer picture of what a student has learned. Also, since it is based on work that the student has done, the student is more likely to have gained skills along with knowledge of the subject area.\n\n4.3. Disadvantages: It takes a lot of time, organization and energy.\n\n4.4. Portfolio Assessment could be Assessment OF Learning or Assessment FOR Learning, depending on how and when one looks at it.\n\n4.5. Example: Students in the Edutopia video in the required readings were making their own portfolios based on projects that they did in class. (Comprehensive Assessment, 2010)\n\n4.6. Citations: Comprehensive Assessment: An Overview. (2010, August 3). Retrieved June 24, 2015, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9OBhKzh1BM\n\n5. Performance Based: Grades the students achievement on some sort of real-world project or activity.\n\n5.1. Purpose of Assessment: The assessment is designed to capture a bigger picture of the student than a standard test.\n\n5.2. Advantages: Student is graded on what he actually does, rather than just checking the right boxes. Can help to measure characteristics like creativity and perseverance, which actually make the difference in life.\n\n5.3. Disadvantages: Some people fear that not teaching to a test will hurt the students when they need to take important exams like the SAT. However, this is contrary to the evidence. (Edutopia, 2010) Takes a lot of time and effort from the teacher's side. Difficult to make grading clear.\n\n5.4. This is an Assessment OF Learning and could be considered Assessment For Learning in the sense that the student definitely learn and reinforce learning through the projects.\n\n5.5. Example\n\n5.6. Citations: Edutopia; Comprehensive Assessment: An Overview. (2010, August 3). Retrieved June 24, 2015, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9OBhKzh1BM\n\n6. Formative: Assessment of what the students know and do not know. This goes on continually in the learning process.\n\n6.1. Purpose of Assessment: To find out where students are in the learning process, so that a teacher can know where to guide them next.\n\n6.2. Advantages: Teachers and students do not need to wait until the chance to learn is over before seeing how they have done. Corrections and adjustments can be made as a topic is taught.\n\n6.3. Disadvantages: If one follows the definition in \"Assessment for Learning Defined\" (Stiggins, 2005), than formative assessment merely gives a teacher a check in on where the students are, but the assessment does not teach or reinforce the learning.\n\n6.4. Could be either Assessment OF Learning or Assessment FOR Learning depending on how it is done. The article, \"Assessment for learning defined\" (Stiggins, 2005) makes a distinction between formative and Assessment for learning, but it is clear that formative could become assessment for learning if done correctly.\n\n6.5. Examples: Diagnostic testing conducted when a student enters, or throughout the school year, when used to guide the teaching, could be a form of Formative Assessment. (OECD, 2005 p. 3) Informal formative assessment may be simply asking questions which give a teacher an idea of how much students understand. Questions can also be used to identify common misconceptions.\n\n6.6. Citations Formative Assessment: Improving Learning in Secondary Classrooms. (2005, November 1). Retrieved June 24, 2015, from http://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/35661078.pdf Stiggins, R. (2005, September 1). Assessment for learning defined. Retrieved June 24, 2015, from http://ati.pearson.com/downloads/afldefined.pdf\n\n7. Diagnostic: According to the Australian Department of Education, diagnostic testing: ...is used ‘for learning’ where taking action to adjust teaching plays a significant role in improving learning outcomes for all students.\n\n7.1. Purpose of Assessment: Gathering information to help determine how to teach the student(s) in the future.\n\n7.2. Advantages: Student needs can be identified and catered to.\n\n7.3. Disadvantages: Takes time away from normal class. Formal types of testing may require special skill on the part of the teacher.\n\n7.4. Assessment OF Learning\n\n7.5. Example: When studying Japanese I used the Japanese Language and Proficiency Exam to show me which areas of the language I needed work in. I was then able to adjust my study habits in order to continue improving.\n\n7.6. Citations: Department of Education. (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2015, from http://www.education.nt.gov.au/parents-community/assessment-reporting/diagnostic-assessments/diagnostic-assessments\n\n8. Summative: A final test at the end of a unit.\n\n8.1. Purpose of Assessment: Check how much students have learned.\n\n8.2. Advantages: Grading can be clear and fair in the sense that everyone is judged on the same scale.\n\n8.3. Disadvantages: Generally does not motivate deep learning (assuming we are talking about a traditional test). Is not useful for teaching like Assessment FOR Learning or performance based testing.\n\n8.4. Assessment OF Learning\n\n8.5. Example: The traditional test at the end of a unit. This could be an essay, multiple choice test or many others.\n\n8.6. Citations\n\n9. High-Stakes: Assessment with tangible rewards for passing and consequences for failure. (See Example)\n\n9.1. Purpose of Assessment: Usually to decide if a test taker is qualified to do something like driving a car, being a CPA etc.\n\n9.2. Advantages: Since the stakes are high, test takers must take the test seriously and must come prepared.\n\n9.3. Disadvantages: Subjective qualities like self-control cannot be tested easily. This may make a difference, for example for a driver, when he is faced with a choice of whether or not to drink or drive fast.\n\n9.4. Assessment OF Learning\n\n9.5. Example: The Praxis Test. Passing is one step in becoming a teacher, but failure results in having to re-study and retake the test (and pay again).\n\n9.6. Citations", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9771527051925659}
+{"content": "BIASED: No, Yes, Maybe?\n\nSometimes it seems easier to keep your mouth shut. Right? Our communities and work places can be overly “politically correct” environments these days, and it feels as though you can’t say anything anymore without risking offending someone. It’s easier to think if we don’t offend we will solve the issue of managing our differences, maximizing our work effectiveness, and mitigating risks of liability in our business, but the real solution to the problem lies below the surface, much deeper in our subconscious.\n\nI started delivering training programs to educate about  Workplace sexual harassment  for companies in the early 90s at the ripe old age of 26.  I remember how unsettling it was then for people to shift how they viewed what was acceptable in a new and  ever-changing corporate climate. Raunchy birthday cards, calendars of scantily- clothed women pinned on cubicle walls, racial jokes, inappropriate comments about a women’s body or dress, believe it or not, were all a normal part of the workplace, and considered acceptable at the time.\n\nIn the 1960s, the statistics were that the typical U.S. workplace was made up of 29-year-old white males, it seemed more than not, that everyone was the same, so it was assumed offending someone was a non-issue. Over time, the corporate environment has gone through a transformation and changed drastically in terms of who makes up the workplace.  So how do we communicate and work effectively with people of different ages, nationalities, genders, religions and political beliefs without alienating or offending them?  I believe the answer is the same in 2018 as it was 25 years ago, it’s about understanding what story you tell yourself about others and understanding what story they tell themselves about you… it all comes down to BIAS.\n\nNo matter how open minded, evolved and unbiased you believe you are, like it or not, bias exists in all of us.  Why? Because we all have a life story that lives in our subconscious, our emotional brain. Our life stories are a collection of experiences that most of the time, without our awareness, inform how we think, act, and behave. Gaining awareness of these stories and our biases comes from improving our Emotional Intelligence, which while intangible, is “something real” in each of us. Our EQ affects how we manage behavior, navigate social complexities, and make personal decisions. When our subconscious or emotional brain is in charge, our biases inform our behavior. When we use our Emotional Intelligence to also engage our logical brain, we understand our stories, our biases, and enact judgement to overcome our biases and achieve positive results.\n\nI grew up in rural PA in a place with very little cultural diversity, yet I always believed I wasn’t prejudice despite my very “white” upbringing. That all changed at 24 years old, living in Philadelphia while getting my Master’s in Psychology. I vividly remember one-night walking home to my apartment on University of Pennsylvania’s campus, when a group of young black men, were walking toward me on the same side of Locust Walk and my brain said, “danger!” But then I thought “this is ridiculous” and started to have a conversation with myself, “Why am I assuming these guys are dangerous? Would I feel the same way if they were white?”  And the honest answer was, NO. Was I prejudice, MAYBE, but, was I biased, YES!\n\nI started to think about my life, and all the stories that informed me that “groups of black men are dangerous.”  I decided then, rather than to deny it, I would have to lean into this knowledge, own my prejudice, and create a new story to change my biases. This profound experience inspired me to work with people and businesses to transform into a more emotionally intelligent version of themselves.\n\nLike the corporate environment has evolved over the years, I have seen first-hand how sexual harassment training has evolved as well.  Sexual harassment, became harassment and respect training, to present day “bias training.”  Thanks to technology and understanding how the brain functions, we are finally getting to the root of the problem. Our emotional, subconscious, brains rule us, and so therefore,  when only our emotions rule us, our judgement becomes impaired creating BIAS.\n\nI have spent 3 decades of my career helping people in business understand their and other’s stories to be more effective leaders, managers, employees, salespeople and people. I have learned that most people are well-intended. They simply don’t know how to discover their stories to find a new way to behave to be more effective in dealing with diversity & bias.  You can tell people WHY they need to do something, and tell them WHAT they need to do, but without showing them a HOW to, I believe the efforts are for naught.\n\nWhat I know, is that your subconscious is telling a story about every  person you encounter every day, and they are telling a story about you, or your business. And these stories are biased and can cost you. When executives help themselves and their people embrace their bias and understand their stories, they change the dialogue, increase emotional intelligence and people learn to connect rather than stopping successful communication.\n\nArticle By: Christine Miles, M.S. Ed – Co-Founder & Chief Architect\n\nAdditional Resources\n\n\nTranscend whatever bias you are facing by going deep within yourself and affirming and supporting your highest self and highest potential.\n\n\nLet me start with a Story of one of our key clients. XYZ is a fast-growing technology company, having problems between product development and product marketing. Product development certainly had a big job for their stable applications that were the backbone of the business. They were also quickly transitioning to a nimbler organization with design thinking and agile methodologies; but not quick enough for the functional units who relied on them.  Product management was actively working with the new digital customers, frequently needing changes to respond quickly. Customers were demanding digital experiences monthly, weekly, and daily. Jane, the head of Product management was constantly in Chip, the VP of development’s office, first requesting then demanding that they move faster. Shift what they were working on and change on a dime was always the theme to Chip. Jane could not listen or hear why development could not meet this pace.  Unfortunately, it got heated to the point that Jane and Chip stopped talking.  This spread like wildfire through watercooler conversations, cascading to other loyal members of their teams. Tough issues became harder to disagree on and discuss. The conflict was having a large effect on product development, speed, quality, and even affecting customer satisfaction. Fortunately, in this case, the relationship became so broken that it bubbled up to the CEO, Bill. He was first very angry. Did they just not like each other? Not want the company to succeed? Why could these two senior executives let this happen? Then an idea hit him like a bolt of lightning: what if it was his leadership problem?\n\nWe believe that this is not an isolated incident in our fast paced world.  Miscommunication and misalignment may be rampant in your organization. If so, it is sapping your company’s productivity, adding time and expense to large projects and slowing your organization down.  Multiple technology disruptions are affecting us rapidly in Cloud, Big Data and AI, IOT and Blockchain. This coupled with the multi-generational transfer in the workplace is creating unprecedented change. We call it Digital Disruption, and want to help you turn it into Digital Transformation.  How do you stay ahead, make sense of this chaos while exploring some new ways of communicating to increase productivity, move faster, reduce conflict, and drive real business results? By focusing on the human side.\n\nThink about your workday and then extend it to the key people you interact with internally or externally. With not enough time to accomplish your important tasks and priorities shifting on a dime, you are frequently multi-tasking or transitioning between tasks. This creates a lot of opportunity for miscommunication and misunderstandings that result in doing things over. There is often not enough time to clarify for our understanding particularly when we disagree. Without this connection and empathic understanding, we are like runners in a relay race who constantly drop the baton.\n\nThe effects of our environment are making it harder and harder to communicate for real alignment.  And unfortunately, it is hard to detect.  These opportunities for miscommunication are unfortunately not as clear to your P&L as a lost piece of revenue, increasing costs, or an angry customer. The effects of undetected misalignment and miscommunication can be terrible with downstream affect on costs, employee morale, and your all important culture.\n\nWe understand that most of this miscommunication is occurring because the world is changing fast and we are all pressed for time. Unfortunately, the old communication tools and techniques that we have been taught are just not working. They do not teach the behavioral or psychological skills needed to connect with people or how to listen in a way to gain empathy and understanding. And they do not teach us how to slow down. When conflict starts happening, our urges to be right take over. Using communication skills 1.0 in this brave new 2.0 world are the root cause of many of our biggest problems. Why don’t we do something?\n\nWe believe that interventions and training that focus on the human side of change and communication will reap huge rewards for those leaders with the Insight to act now.\n\n\nOther Resources\n\nDigital Transformation\n\nWhen businesses and the way they operate shift from their traditional mode of operation and management to the modern and technology oriented ways of operation, the transitions referred to as Digital Transformation or disruption.\n\n\nA new survey finds a “widespread stall” in digital transformation efforts, suggesting that its leadership is in crisis. 39% of the senior executives surveyed said they encounter resistance to new ways of working and feel overwhelmed by the complexity of digital transformation efforts.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8115696310997009}
+{"content": "A study of dura europos\n\nA selection of ceiling tiles Yale Univ. However the Roman countermeasure which bolstered the wall prevented it from collapsing. But by the s, Rome was on the defensive; Parthia collapsed, and in her place arose a new Persian empire, under the Sasanid dynasty, which proved a much tougher proposition.\n\nDura was outwardly a Greek city. This has been a truly international effort. It is about km southeast of Deir-Ez-Zur.\n\nFollowing excavations, the temple was transported in pieces to New Haven, Connecticut, where it was rebuilt and is now on display at the A study of dura europos University Art Gallery. The Persians had already dug complex galleries along the wall by the time the Roman countermine reached them.\n\nHowever, it was rediscovered inin an ironic, and rather fitting historical symmetry. Romans built the palace of the commander of the military region, on the edge of a cliff. And then there were the Christians, who maintained a house-church and baptistry in the town.\n\nThe first archaeology on the site, undertaken by Franz Cumont and published inidentified the site with Dura-Europos, and uncovered a temple, before renewed hostilities in the area closed it to archaeology. The soldiers shown ranked behind the officer in the painting are identifiable as men of a Palmyrene regiment in the Roman service right.\n\nOn March 30,a soldier digging a trench uncovered brilliantly fresh wall-paintings. Downey demonstrates how the terracotta figurines and plaques from Dura-Europus, relatively humble products, can shed light on religious beliefs and social practices in cities of mixed Greek and Semitic population.\n\n\nDura Europos\n\nThese are the earliest depictions of Jesus Christ ever found and date back to AD. The Inner Lives of Ancient Houses is the first study to consider the houses of the site as a whole.\n\nThis period was characterized by a progressive evolution of Greek concepts toward new formulas in which regional traditions, particularly Babylonian ones, played an increasing role. It overlooked a deep ravine to the south and it was from that direction that it was attacked.\n\nAt first, it was mistaken for a Greek temple. In the AD s, aggressive Roman wars against the Parthian empire led to the permanent seizure of Dura and parts of Mesopotamia to its north.\n\nTerracotta Figurines and Plaques from Dura-Europos\n\nCuriously, then, on that spring day inAsiatic auxiliaries of one European imperial power came face to face, so to speak, with Asiatic auxiliaries of another, from almost seventeen centuries earlier. The surviving frescoes, graffiti and dipinti which number in the dozens are of enormous interest to the study of the social composition of the cult.\n\nThe few city survivors would have been marched off to Ctesiphon and there sold as slaves. The population of Dura Europos, at the rate of houses grouped to eight per island, is estimated at about people per maximum.\n\nThe terracottas might have functioned in a religious context, as talismans, or as toys--to name only a few possibilities. The recent civil war in Syria is causing not only a terrible massacre of innocent people but the destruction of precious archaeological sites, endangering forever the possibility to see a large part of the remains of Dura-Europos.\n\nInstead, Dura Europos owed its development to its role as a regional capital. They are very precious since Gute copied them at the excavation site shortly after they were discovered. Baird Description Dura-Europos, on the Syrian Euphrates, is one of the best preserved and most extensively excavated sites of the Roman world.\n\nFighting local Arab groups who sought at last to be free of foreign domination, the Indian soldiers dug defensive trenches along the earth-enshrouded walls.\n\nThe Inner Lives of Ancient Houses An Archaeology of Dura-Europos Provides the first study of the houses of Dura-Europos as a whole Integrates architectural, textual, and artefact data, including \"legacy\" data from an excavation archive Examines ancient Roman daily life and cultural interaction, as well as considering houses which were modified for use by the Roman military The Inner Lives of Ancient Houses An Archaeology of Dura-Europos J.Dura Europos or Fort Europos is an important is an important archeological site found in Syrian desert and was a Hellenistic and roman walled city that was built on an escarpment some ninety metres above the right bank of Euphrates river.\n\nAn exhaustive study of the terracotta figurines unearthed at the site of Dura-Europos Description Located above the Euphrates in modern Syria, Dura-Europus was founded as a Hellenistic military settlement.\n\nDura-Europos. In the s, archaeologists working in Syria made a startling discovery. Under mounds of earth were buildings, beautifully preserved buildings that had survived the ravages of time.\n\nSometimes called the Pompeii of the East, this was the city of Dura-Europos. Dura-Europos was an ancient city on the Euphrates River.\n\n1. The Ancient Site of Dura-Europos. Overview. Often called the \"Pompeii of the desert,\" Dura-Europos is an archaeological site located on the west bank of the Euphrates River in the Deir ez-Zor province of Syria.\n\nEdge of Empires\n\nPagans, Jews, and Christians at Roman Dura-Europos September 23, January 8, Edge of Empires vividly illustrates the international, pluralistic character of Dura-Europos, a city strategically located high above the. Dura-Europos, 'Pompeii of the Syrian Desert' Photo: the Palmyrene Gate, main entrance to the city in the middle of the long 'desert' wall.\n\n© S. James Dura-Europos is an ancient city in Eastern Syria, destroyed by war and abandoned in the third century AD.\n\nThe Inner Lives of Ancient Houses Download\nA study of dura europos\nRated 5/5 based on 37 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6750572919845581}
+{"content": "How Does it Work?\n\nIt starts with what ever is on your mind.\nThen you go to THE FORUM and either start a new topic or post a reply to an existing topic.\n\nOn occasion we may post something in the pages of the site that you may want o comment on, feel free to do that.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9986180663108826}
+{"content": "Why is radiometric dating on sedimentary\n\nRadiometric clocks are set when each rock forms forms means the moment an igneous rock solidifies from magma, a sedimentary rock layer is deposited,. Radiometric dating is based upon the fact that some forms of chemical elements are radioactive, which was discovered in 1896 by henri becquerel and his. Geological layers of sedimentary rock, exposed along the highway, salt but the most accurate forms of absolute age dating are radiometric. Thus, radiometric dating of a mineral will yield the time of crystallization except under rare circumstance sedimentary rock cannot be radiometrically dated. Geologists use radiometric dating to estimate how long ago rocks formed, and to infer the fossils are generally found in sedimentary rock — not igneous rock. This millions of years time scale is based on radiometric dating of it's also not a problem that geologists say that the sedimentary layers of.\n\nSediments and ancient leaves recovered from the bottom of a japanese lake will help scientists around the world more precisely date ancient. Radiometric dating or radioactive dating is a technique used to date materials such as rocks or these methods can be used to date the age of a sediment layer, as layers deposited on top would prevent the grains from being bleached and. Long-age geologists will not accept a radiometric date unless it the geologist may have found some fossils in sedimentary rocks a and.\n\nRadioecological assessment and radiometric dating of sediment cores from dynamic sedimentary systems of pra and volta estuaries (ghana) along the. Radiometric dating: sedimentary rocks are consist of sands, caly, silts atc with major minerals quartz, feldspar, plagioclase, carbonates etc. In a stack of sedimentary rocks that has not been deformed or radiometric dating (absolute time dating) of mineral crystals depends on. In fact, the dating of the ice and seafloor sediment cores is a gigantic the previously accepted dates based on k/ar radiometric age dating.\n\nRadiometric dating and applications to sediment transport william wilcock ocean/ess 410 lecture/lab learning goals • understand the basic equations of radioactive decay • understand how potassium-argon dating is used to estimate the age of lavas • understand how lead-210 dating of sediments works. Major radioactive elements used for radiometric dating uranium-lead (u-pb) dating is the most reliable method for dating quaternary sedimentary carbonate.\n\nSedimentary rock layers contain information about the relative ages of events radioactive dating of igneous rocks reveals their absolute age • interpreting. These areas are the easiest to date because volcanic debris can usually be radiometrically dated with a high degree of accuracy dating the ash layers above and below a sedimentary rock layer to determine its age is called bracketing radiometric dating uses the decay of unstable isotopes -- atoms with. Relative dating fossils are found in sedimentary rocks that formed when eroded sediments piled up in low-lying places such as river flood plains, lake bottoms. Give four examples of radioactive materials that are used to date objects, and explain another example of yearly layers is the deposition of sediments in lakes,.\n\nWhy is radiometric dating on sedimentary\n\nBecause the elements used for dating need to be re-set by volcanism. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated directly using radiometric dating, which is based on the idea that when rocks are in liquid form, their radiometric clock resets. The following section will present a brief review of the various radiometric methods available for dating sedimentary rocks (separated into traditional methods.\n\nThe most widely known form of radiometric dating is carbon-14 dating this is what archaeologists use to determine the age of human-made artifacts. Absolute dating is used to determine a precise age of a rock or fossil through radiometric dating methods this uses radioactive minerals that occur in rocks and fossils almost like a geological clock it's often much easier to date volcanic rocks than the fossils themselves or the sedimentary rocks they are found in so, often. Simply stated, each bed in a sequence of sedimentary rocks (or layered however, radiometric dating generally yields the age of metamorphism, not the age of. Of the three basic rock types, igneous rocks are most suited for radiometric dating metamorphic rocks may also be radiometrically dated however, radiometric dating generally yields the age of metamorphism, not the age of the original rock most ancient sedimentary rocks cannot be dated radiometrically, but the laws of.\n\nGeologists use radiocarbon to date such materials as wood and pollen trapped in sediment, which indicates the date of the sediment itself. Geologists classify rocks into three large families – igneous, sedimentary and a few radioactive mineral grains from the sedimentary rock and “date” them. Problems in dating sedimentary rocks (sidebar 3) stratified sedimentary rocks and their included fossils confront us with important concepts relating to the history of the earth are sedimentary rocks and fossils millions of years old radioisotope dating of sedimentary rocks might be supposed to provide the answer.\n\nWhy is radiometric dating on sedimentary\nRated 4/5 based on 14 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998674392700195}
+{"content": "Classic Movie Hub (CMH)\n\nThe White House announced Sunday the seven individuals who will be honored by Donald Trump with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The honorees include icon Elvis Presley, baseball legend Babe Ruth, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, NFL hall of famer Roger Staubach, Minnesota Supreme Court Justice Alan C. Page, Senator Orrin G. Hatch, and doctor and humanitarian Miriam Adelson. They will be honored by Trump on November 16.\n\nThe Presidential Medal of Freedom is the Nation's highest civilian honor. It is awarded by the President to individuals who have made especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.\n\nPresley is probably the most well-known on the list. The musician and actor is an icon in America as well as all over the world. As a musician, he sold more than a billion records with his sound adopted from gospel, country and rhythm and blues. He also starred in 31 films, made numerous television appearances and played to record-breaking audiences at his concerts.\n\nSee more info here...", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6875760555267334}
+{"content": "UK inflation rate in 1834: -8.42%\n\nUK Inflation Calculator\n\n\nInflation in 1834 and Its Effect on Pound Value\n\nPurchasing power increased by 8.42% in 1834 compared to the previous year, 1833. On average, you would have to spend 8.42% less money in 1834 than in 1833 for the same item. This is an example of deflation.\n\nIn other words, £1 in 1833 is equivalent in purchasing power to £0.92 in 1834.\n\nThe 1833 inflation rate was -5.94%. The inflation rate in 1834 was -8.42%. The 1834 inflation rate is lower compared to the average inflation rate of 2.66% per year between 1834 and 2018.\n\nInflation rate is calculated by change in the composite price index (CPI). The CPI in 1834 was 8.7. It was 9.5 in the previous year, 1833. The difference in CPI between the years is used by the Office for National Statistics to officially determine inflation. Because the 1834 CPI is less than 1833 CPI, negative inflation (also known as deflation) has occurred.\n\nInflation from 1833 to 1834\nAverage inflation rate -8.42%\nConverted amount (£1 base) £0.92\nPrice difference (£1 base) £-0.08\nCPI in 1833 9.500\nCPI in 1834 8.700\nInflation in 1833 -5.94%\nInflation in 1834 -8.42%\n\n\nHow to Calculate Inflation Rate for £1, 1833 to 1834\n\nThis inflation calculator uses the following inflation rate formula:\n\nCPI in 1834CPI in 1833\n1833 GBP value\n1834 GBP value\n\nThen plug in historical CPI values. The UK CPI was 9.5 in the year 1833 and 8.7 in 1834:\n\n\n£1 in 1833 has the same \"purchasing power\" or \"buying power\" as £0.92 in 1834.\n\nTo get the total inflation rate for the 1 years between 1833 and 1834, we use the following formula:\n\nCPI in 1834 - CPI in 1833CPI in 1833\nCumulative inflation rate (1 years)\n\nPlugging in the values to this equation, we get:\n\n8.7 - 9.59.5\n\nNews headlines from 1833\n\n\n  • The Falkland Islands, in the South Atlantic, fall under British control.\n  • Joseph Pease, a Quaker, is admitted to Parliament.\n  • Charles Darwin arrives at the Straits of Ponsonby, Fireland.\n\nData Source & Citation\n\n\nYou may use the following MLA citation for this page: “Inflation Rate in 1834 | UK Inflation Calculator.” U.S. Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 13 Dec. 2018, is a reference website maintained by the Official Data Foundation.\n\n» Read more about inflation and investment.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7255460023880005}
+{"content": "Online teaching\n\n\nGet Adobe Flash player .\n\nOnline Activities, Educational Games, Quizzes, Crossword Maker\n\n\nAlternative content for non-flash browsers:\n\nIdentify Lines of Equations as Parallel, Perpendicular, or Neith\n\nIdentify each set of linear equations as parallel, perpendicular, or neither. Hint 1: Parallel lines have the same slope but different y-intercepts. Hint 2: The slope of perpendicular lines are opposite reciprocals. Hint 3: If Hint 1 and Hint 2 does not apply, then the lines are NEITHER parallel or perpendicular.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8931593298912048}
+{"content": "Mo’Rhythm, unlike other corporate drum events, offers long-term programs utilizing African and African Diaspora rhythms, song and movements to develop our mental and physical potential as part of a balanced lifestyle and healthy work environment, not just a welcome distraction. Specialized interactive drumming has been shown to regenerate brain cells, reduce stress in our body, reverse stress marker genes and increase production of natural killer cells. In addition, it enhances listening skills, communication skills and creates a social support system which can break down emotional barriers that obstruct learning/productivity and in turn increase creativity, innovation, productivity and self-esteem.\n\nBy teaching the context and history of African rhythms, participants gain respect for our cultural diversity and acceptance and tolerance of our external differences. As a result, participants will take with them the spirit of collaboration and cooperation, finding unity and peace to help us all live smarter, longer, healthier and happier lives.\n\nThe goal is to bring this type of experience into the workplace/school to rejuvenate the participants productivity and success by stimulating brain function, reducing cortisol (the stress hormone), creating camaraderie, bringing joy, laughter and smiles to all. The act of drumming encourages good listening, cooperation, collaboration, communication, regenerates brain cells, creates cross-communication between the left and right sides of the brain increasing brain function, stimulating creativity and increasing productivity.\n\n\nTeach and facilitate drumming events. Participants gather for a drumming experience led by a trained facilitator. Participants will learn the basic sounds on the djembe/dunun, then taught exercises to develop their coordination. They will learn a traditional rhythm from West Africa followed by a song (and on occasion a simple movement) and finally basic improvisation ideas (done as call and response techniques). Drumming groups for women only are also available; they focus on building confidence and overcoming fears for women working in male-dominated fields. Sessions can be booked as weekly, monthly, quarterly or yearly events. All drums are provided by Mo’Rhythm.\n\nInteractive Concerts which feature a 9-piece band and African percussion instruments for every participant. Bandleader Monette Marino will teach rhythms to participants who will then play with the band. The concert includes three dancers to lead the participants in movements that originate from Latin America, Africa and India. These concerts are offered for once a year or quarterly company-wide special events.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9817816019058228}
+{"content": "BOOK NOW and check whether there are any LAST MINUTES OFFERS or SPECIAL OFFERS\nYou can book without a credit card\n\nWhere we are\n\nThe Residence Antico San Zeno is in the centre of Verona, near the Basilica of San Zeno Maggiore, a few minutes away on foot from the Area, from Castelvecchio, from Juliet’s House, from Ponte Pietra, Piazza delle Erbe and the main streets for shopping.\n\nResidence Antico San Zeno - Via A. Rosmini, 15 - 37139 - Verona - T. +39 045 80 03 463\n\nCalculate your route\n\nTours in elegant vintage cars\nin the centre of Verona,\non Lake Garda\nand along the renowned wine roads", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6118454933166504}
+{"content": "``` _____ _____ _____ ___ | | _ |_ _|_ | Keep your data, | | | | | | | | _| trash your meta! |_|_|_|__|__| |_| |___| ``` This software is currently in **beta**, please don't use it for anything critical. # Metadata and privacy Metadata consist of information that characterizes data. Metadata are used to provide documentation for data products. In essence, metadata answer who, what, when, where, why, and how about every facet of the data that are being documented. Metadata within a file can tell a lot about you. Cameras record data about when a picture was taken and what camera was used. Office documents like PDF or Office automatically adds author and company information to documents and spreadsheets. Maybe you don't want to disclose those information on the web. This is precisely the job of MAT2: getting rid, as much as possible, of metadata. # Requirements - `python3-mutagen` for audio support - `python3-gi-cairo` and `gir1.2-poppler-0.18` for PDF support - `gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0` for images support - `FFmpeg`, optionally, for video support - `libimage-exiftool-perl` for everything else Please note that MAT2 requires at least Python3.5, meaning that it doesn't run on [Debian Jessie](https://packages.debian.org/jessie/python3). # Running the test suite ```bash $ python3 -m unittest discover -v ``` # How to use MAT2 ```bash usage: mat2 [-h] [-v] [-l] [--check-dependencies] [-V] [--unknown-members policy] [-s | -L] [files [files ...]] Metadata anonymisation toolkit 2 positional arguments: files the files to process optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --version show program's version number and exit -l, --list list all supported fileformats --check-dependencies check if MAT2 has all the dependencies it needs -V, --verbose show more verbose status information --unknown-members policy how to handle unknown members of archive-style files (policy should be one of: abort, omit, keep) -s, --show list harmful metadata detectable by MAT2 without removing them -L, --lightweight remove SOME metadata ``` Note that MAT2 **will not** clean files in-place, but will produce, for example, with a file named \"myfile.png\" a cleaned version named \"myfile.cleaned.png\". # Notes about detecting metadata While MAT2 is doing its very best to display metadata when the `--show` flag is passed, it doesn't mean that a file is clean from any metadata if MAT2 doesn't show any. There is no reliable way to detect every single possible metadata for complex file formats. This is why you shouldn't rely on metadata's presence to decide if your file must be cleaned or not. # Notes about the lightweight mode By default, mat2 might alter a bit the data of your files, in order to remove as much metadata as possible. For example, texts in PDF might not be selectable anymore, compressed images might get compressed again, … Since some users might be willing to trade some metadata's presence in exchange of the guarantee that mat2 won't modify the data of their files, there is the `-L` flag that precisely does that. # Related software - The first iteration of [MAT](https://mat.boum.org) - [Exiftool](https://sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/mat) - [pdf-redact-tools](https://github.com/firstlookmedia/pdf-redact-tools), that tries to deal with *printer dots* too. - [pdfparanoia](https://github.com/kanzure/pdfparanoia), that removes watermarks from PDF. - [Scrambled Exif](https://f-droid.org/packages/com.jarsilio.android.scrambledeggsif/), an open-source Android application to remove metadata from pictures. # Contact If possible, use the [issues system](https://0xacab.org/jvoisin/mat2/issues) or the [mailing list](https://mailman.boum.org/listinfo/mat-dev) Should a more private contact be needed (eg. for reporting security issues), you can email Julien (jvoisin) Voisin at `julien.voisin+mat2@dustri.org`, using the gpg key `9FCDEE9E1A381F311EA62A7404D041E8171901CC`. # License This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this program. If not, see . Copyright 2018 Julien (jvoisin) Voisin Copyright 2016 Marie Rose for MAT2's logo # Thanks MAT2 wouldn't exist without: - the [Google Summer of Code](https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/); - the fine people from [Tails]( https://tails.boum.org); - friends Many thanks to them!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7226061224937439}
+{"content": "Emissions Designator 18M1W7D\n\n\nBandwidth: 18.1 MHz\n\n\nModulation Nature: [7] Two or more digital channels\n\nInformation Type: [D] Data, telemetry, telecommand\n\nEmissions Designator Lookup\n\nThe Emissions Designator 18M1W7D signifies a wireless radio which transfers data over a modulated wave using Two or more digital channels signal. This signal transmits at a 18.1 MHz [18M1] maximum bandwidth . bandwith does not indicate frequency of the signal. Emissions Designators describe the type of signal only.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9997875690460205}
+{"content": "Atlantic history\n\nJohn Parkinson and the Rise of Botany in the 17th Century\n\nBy Guest Contributor Molly Nebiolo\n\n\nJohn Parkinson, depicted in his monumental Theatrum botanicum (1640).\n\nThe roots of contemporary botany have been traced back to the botanical systems laid out by Linnaeus in the eighteenth century. Yet going back in further in time reveals some of the key figures who created some of the first ideas and publications that brought horticulture forward as a science. John Parkinson (1567-1650) is one of the foremost in that community of scientists. Although “scientist” was a word coined in the nineteenth century, I will be using it because it embodies the systematic acts of observation and experimentation to understand how nature works that I take Parkinson to be exploring. While “natural philosophy” was the term more commonly in use at the time, the simple word “science” will be used for the brevity of the piece and to stress the links between Parkinson’s efforts and contemporary fields. Parkinson’s works on plants and gardening in England remained integral to botany, herbalism, and medicinal healing for decades after his death, and he was one of the first significant botanists to introduce exotic flowers into England in the 17th century to study their healing properties. He was a true innovator for the field of botany, yet his work has not been heavily analyzed in the literature on the early modern history of science. The purpose of this post is to underline some of the achievements that can be  attributed to Parkinson, and to examine his first major text, Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris, a groundbreaking work in the field of history in the mid-1600s.\n\nParkinson grew up as an apprentice for an apothecary from the age of fourteen, and quickly rose in the ranks of society to the point of becoming royal apothecary to James I. His success resulted in many opportunities to collect plants outside of England, including trips to the Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa in the first decade of the seventeenth century. At the turn of the seventeenth century, collectors would commonly accompany trading expeditions to collect botanical specimens to determine if they could prosper in English climate. Being the first to grow the great Spanish daffodil in England, and cultivating over four hundred plants in his own garden by the end of his life, Parkinson was looked up to as a pioneer in the nascent field of botanical science. He assisted fellow botanists in their own work, but he also was the founder of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries, and the author of two major texts as well.\n\nHis first book, Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris (Park-in-Sun’s Terrestrial Paradise) reveals a humorous side to Parkinson, as he puts a play on words for his surname in the title: “Park-in-Sun.” This text, published in 1628, along with his second, more famous work published in 1640, Theatrum botanicum (The Theater of Plants), were both immensely influential to the horticultural and botanical corpori of work that were emerging during the first half of the 17th century. Just in the titles of both, we can see how much reverence Parkinson had for the intersection of fields he worked with: horticulture, botany, and medicine. By titling his second book The Theater of Plants, he creates a vivid picture of how he perceived gardens. Referencing the commonly used metaphor of the theater of the world, Parkinson compares plants as the actors in the the garden’s theatrum. It is also in Theatrum Botanicum that Parkinson details the medicinal uses of hundreds of plants that make up simple (medicinal) gardens in England. While both texts are rich for analysis, I want to turn attention specifically to Paradisus terrestris because I think it is a strong example of how botany and gardening were evolving into a new form of science in Europe during the seventeenth century.\n\n\nTitle page woodcut image for Paradisus Terrestris. Image courtesy of the College of Physicians Medical Library, Philadelphia, PA.\n\nThe folio pages of Paradisus terrestris are as large and foreboding as those of any early modern edition of the Bible. Chock full of thousands of detailed notes on the origins, appearance, and medical and social uses for pleasure gardens, kitchen gardens and orchards, one could only imagine how long it took Parkinson to collect this information. Paradisus terrestris was one of the first real attempts of a botanist to organize plants into what we now would term genuses and species. This encyclopedia of meticulously detailed, imaged and grouped plants was a new way of displaying horticultural and botanical information when it was first published. While it was not the first groundbreaking example of the science behind gardens and plants in western society, Luci Ghini potentially being the first, Parkinson’s reputation and network within his circle of botany friends and the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries bridged the separation between the two fields. Over the course of the century,  the medicinal properties of a plant were coherently circulated in comprehensive texts like Parkinson’s as the Scientific Revolution and the colonization of the New World steadily increased access to new specimens and the tools to study them.\n\n\n\nParadisus terrestris includes many woodcut images of the flowers Parkinson writes about to help the reader better study and identify them. Image courtesy of the Linda Hall Library, Kansas City, MO.\n\nAnother thing to note in Paradisus terrestris is the way Parkinson writes about plants in the introduction. While most of the book is more of a how-to narrative on how to grow a pleasure garden, kitchen garden, or orchard, the preface to the volume illustrates much about Parkinson as a botanist. Gardens to Parkinson are integral to life; they are necessary “for Meat or Medicine, for Use or for Delight” (2).  The symbiotic relationship between humans and plants is repeatedly discussed in how gardens should be situated in relationship to the house, and how minute details in the way a person interacts with a garden space can affect the plants. “The fairer and larger your allies [sic] and walks be the more grace your Garden shall have, the lesse [sic] harm the herbs and flowers shall receive…and the better shall your Weeders cleanse both the beds and the allies” (4). The preface divulges the level of respect and adoration Parkinson has towards plants. It illustrates the deep enthusiasm and curiosity he has towards the field, two features of a botanist that seemed synonymous for natural philosophers and collectors of the time.\n\nJohn Parkinson was one of the first figures in England to merge the formalized study of plants with horticulture and medicine. Although herbs and plants have been used as medicines for thousands of years, it is in the first half of the seventeenth century that the medicinal uses of plants become a scientific attribute to a plant, as they were categorized and defined in texts like Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris and Theatrum botanicum. Parkinson is a strong example of the way a collector’s mind worked in the early modern period, in the way he titled his texts and the adoration that can be felt when reading the introduction of Paradisus terrestris. From explorer, to collector, horticulturist, botanist, and apothecary, the many hats Parkinson wore throughout his professional career and the way he weaved them together exemplify the lives many of these early scientists lived as they brought about the rise of these new sciences.\n\nMolly Nebiolo is a PhD student in History at Northeastern University. Her research covers early modern science and medicine in North America and the Atlantic world and she is completing a Certificate in Digital Humanities. She also writes posts for the Medical Health and Humanities blog at Columbia University.\n\nNorse fantasies and American foundings\n\nBy Editor Derek Kane O’Leary\n\nLeif photo\n\nThe monumental, bronze face of Leif Erikson gazes westward from Boston’s Commonwealth Avenue toward the nearby Charles River, which wends by Cambridge toward its modest source in Hopkinton. Since 1887, Leif has towered there as a pioneer in contrapposto, powerful, jaunty, and lightly arrayed in a nineteenth-century rendition of Medieval chic. Leif’s red sandstone pedestal rests on the prow of a diminutive knorr, the infamous Norse vessel of commerce and warmaking. In Old Norse runes, “Leif the Lucky, son of Erik” is engraved on the block’s front. On its back, in English, “Leif the Discoverer, Son of Erik, who sailed from Iceland and landed on this continent, AD 1000.” On one side of the block, Leif in miniature holds the same pose atop the craggy shore of the New World, as his crew clambers behind him. We peer out with him upon the continent. As the late nineteenth century contemplated the eleventh, we contemplate both from the twenty-first.\n\nLeif stands along the central axis of the entrancing neighborhood of Back Bay. Lined with manicured Victorian brownstone houses, shaded by its nineteenth-century elms, Back Bay is the version of Boston that travel guides feature and visitors seek out. A mile away, a row of monuments begins at the Boston Commons. An imposing equestrian statue of George Washington heads a series of significant Bostonians–Phillis Wheatley, William Lloyd Garrison, Samuel Eliot Morrison, among others. The monumental path ends with Argentinian President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and the Norseman, Leif.\n\nThe statue owes much to Eben Norton Horsford, an outstanding nineteenth-century American chemist and Harvard professor, who in his last decades immersed himself in the history and archaeology of the area. With the considerable wealth generated from his chemical patents (including a reformulation of baking soda and lucrative Civil War contracts with the government), he commissioned, donated, and dedicated the statue of Leif with great fanfare in the nearly-completed Back Bay. At the dedication, elite Bostonians, Scandinavian societies, and eager lookers-on heard celebratory speeches at  Fanueil Hall before proceeding across the city to the statue’s unveiling. With this, Horsford realized what a coterie of like-minded Bostonians had dreamed of over the preceding decade (a fine discussion of the creation, form, and reception of the statue, here).\n\nBut why should late nineteenth-century Brahmins be so compelled by an eleventh-century Norseman? Horsford was convinced that Leif had once alighted on Boston’s shores. In nearby Watertown (a short walk from Horsford’s own home), Leif would have planted the obscure settlement of Norumbega, whose location had been a mystery to scholars for centuries. Horsford wrote several books on local archaeology, which superimposed this story of Medieval European settlement onto Boston’s backyard. (As Patricia Jane Roylance insightfully explains, he reinterpreted a local landscape through the prism of Norse settlement, placing the mundane within this compelling past.) Leif became the metonymy for this settlement and the alternative hemispheric history that it furnished.\n\nIn the late nineteenth century, it was not a uniquely Boston or Brahmin phenomenon to announce the Norse as the first European settlers of North America, at some beachhead or another on the jagged coast between Newfoundland and New England. The American fascination with the antecolumbian Norse settlement emerged earlier, cultivated by the Dane Carl Christian Rafn, the guiding force of Denmark’s Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries. From the society’s founding in 1825, Rafn built a network of American readers in key literary and scientific institutions along the East Coast. He also undertook an extended publicity campaign about his research into the Norse settlement of North America.\n\nJohn farmer certificate\n\nCarefully preserved, the large 1838 recognition of leading American genealogist John Farmer’s membership in Denmark’s Royal Nordic Society of Northern Antiquaries, led by Carl Christian Rafn. It represents the paper rituals that connected historians and antiquarians around the Atlantic, as well as the cachet that Rafn’s institution and its version of antecolumbian Norse settlement attained in the antebellum U.S. Over the years, Rafn was also inducted as corresponding member in many, including the American Antiquarian Society and the New England Historic Genealogical Society.\n\nOne of his many correspondents, New Hampshire historian-genealogist John Farmer received word from Rafn in 1828 via the Danish minister resident in the U.S. Farmer was the seminal American genealogist of the nineteenth century. His years of soliciting masses of dispersed biographical data from a network of eager, meticulous New Englanders coalesced into his 1829 Genealogical Register of the First Settlers of New England. Farmer was obsessed with situating his contemporaries vis-à-vis their puritan progenitors, “those who first landed on the bleak and inhospitable shores of New England” (iii). However, Rafn’s claim about a far older and non-English historical narrative resonated with him. “From a very early period of our history,” he responded to Rafn, “it has been the opinion of some of our learned men that America was known to Europeans long before it was discovered by Columbus…but materials for such a work being few at that time in our country, and there being but little intercourse between our learned men and the learned bodies in Europe, the work was necessarily small and imperfect.”\n\nRafn's Mass Bay\n\nCarl Christian Rafn’s 1841 Supplement to his Antiquitates Americanae, which depicts Massachusetts and Rhode Island within the sweep of the Norse’s Vinland colony.\n\nFor Farmer and others, this moving Norse past could displace the narrative of American founding anchored in Columbus’ voyages and the depredations of Spanish colonialism. Through his correspondence and eventual publication of Antiquitates Americana in 1837, the Dane introduced Farmer and a range American history writers and readers to this counter-narrative of the hemisphere.\n\nLongfellow's skeleton\n\nWalter Crane, “The Skeleton in Armour” (1883). “Four sketches, ink and graphite on board, for a six-panel mural frieze designed for Catherine Lorillard Wolfe as a room decoration for Vinland, her Scandinavian-style house at Newport, Rhode Island.” (Beinecke Rare Book and Manscript Library). Rafn projected the lost Norse colony of Vinland over the familiar landscape of New England, inspiring New Englanders to imagine a new history for themselves. In his 1841 poem “The Skeleton in Armor”, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow recast Newport Tower, a colonial windmill in Rhode Island, as a Medieval Norse edifice (center-left). Before it, an armor-clad skeleton previously unearthed in nearby Fall River, Massachusetts is reanimated as a medieval Norse settler. (For most contemporaries, the skeleton was clearly an indigenous American.)\n\nAmerican children watched the Norse sail into their schoolbooks in the 1840s as the first European settlers of the continent, among other firsts (see figure 2). Into the 1850s, audiences pondered prolific lecturer Asahel Davis’s query: “it is not a laudable curiosity that leads one to ascertain what white men first trod regions in which the modest wild flower waster its sweetness on the desert air?” Emanuel Leutze, famed German-American artist “Washington’s Crossing” (1851), “Departure of Columbus from Palos (1855), and “Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way” (1860), preceded those dramatic passages of American history with another: “The Landing of the Northmen” in 1845 (since disappeared, it seems). After the Civil War, historians along New England’s coast disputed the location of Norumbega. Yet in all such expressions of national history, Leif’s endeavors along the early eleventh-century New England coast could predate Columbus on the first page of national history: the first European born on the continent, the first Christian mission to the natives, the first commercial exchange and productive use of the land–all pivotal moments in the narrative of seventeenth-century puritan settlement, too.\n\nNorse landing\n\nIn his 1844 Pictorial History of the United States, secondary school educator John Front positioned Norsemen in tableaux paradigmatic of the seventeenth-century Puritan colonies on those very shores.\n\nAll agreed that the Norse settlement of America was fleeting, leaving no human lineage on the continent. The New England settlers documented by Farmer remained the genealogical touchstones that many Americans turned to. Nonetheless, American historians, authors, artists, and audiences could conscript the Norse into their national story. Through the second half of the century, the early Christianity and seemingly free government of the Norse were increasingly cast as historical antecedents to the founding of the Anglo-Saxon nation, which for nineteenth-century readers seemed destined to steward world history forward.\n\nAt the 1887 celebration of Leif’s statue, Harper’s Weekly mused that in his gaze gleamed the\n\nprophetic of the future, of the later republic founded by kinsmen of the Icelanders, who for love of liberty dared the harshness of the bleak New England, as the Norsemen before them had braved the rigors of that uninhabited Iceland, with its geysers and jokuls, in the ninth century, to establish their republic of law and letters. The knit brow and noble bearing of Leif tell not only of the firm resolve and daring of the explorer, but also that he was a worthy forerunner of the Pilgrims.\n\nHere, the Norse are placed in the Pilgrim mold, and the Pilgrims are themselves depicted as intrepid, freedom-seeking individuals (as opposed to long-standing critiques of their religious extremism). Horsford argued as much himself, lauding that Leif’s “ancestry were of the early pilgrims or Puritans who, to escape oppression, emigrated 50,000 of them in sixty years from Norway to Iceland, just as the early Pilgrims came to Plymouth” (quoted in this fascinating discussion of the broader appeal of Medieval history and aesthetics in the second half of the century, by Robin Fleming). If this late nineteenth-century depiction of New England’s settler generation could be used to rarefy the image of rapacious Norsemen, the revision of Norse identity could also affirm the values and identity espoused by Americans claiming descent from it. More specifically, as Fleming argues, it linked a socially, culturally, and racially-select cohort of the living to an imagined Teutonic past, conceived as the Old World origin of the exceptional institutions and ideals brought to fruition in the U.S.\n\nBack bay in 1857\n\nView of Back Bay, to the upper left, from the dome of the Massachusetts State House in 1857.\n\nAlongside this longer transatlantic intellectual tradition and historical revisionism, three decades of colossal land reclamation had made Leif’s 1887 placement in Back Bay possible. By the middle of the nineteenth century, Boston’s population strained both the capacity of its scant landmass and, with the influx of impoverished Irish immigrants, the sensibilities of the native-born Protestants population. In Back Bay, city planners and proponents envisioned an orderly suburb that would staunch the migration of affluent Protestant Bostonians beyond the Charles River and craft a physically and morally pristine space within Boston. In its special planning committee’s words, the neighborhood would “secure upon the premises a healthy and thrifty population and business, and by inherent and permanent causes, forever to prevent this territory from becoming the abode of filth and disease” (In Stephen Puleo, City So Grand : The Rise of an American Metropolis, Boston, 1850-1900, Beacon Press, 2010, 87-88). Stately, rectilinear streets were laid over six hundred acres of formerly fetid, briny tidal basin to house the city’s Anglo-Protestant elite. Much of the labor was performed by the very immigrants Back Bay was supposed to be purified of. As Back Bay neared completion and Leif’s statue appeared in 1887, a new influx of diverse European immigrants to the region stoked old racial and class anxieties. Many of these were Italians, who could claim some lineage with Columbus as the quadricentennial of his landing in Hispaniola approached. In contrast to them, Scandinavian immigrants appeared the “fairest among the so-called white races”, having “been trained to industry, frugality and manly self-reliance by the free institutions and the scant resources of their native lands” (Professor H.H. Boyeson, “The Scandinavian in the United States,” North American Review, Nov., 1892).\n\nWhen Horsford convened the Bostonian elite to sanctify Leif’s statue and the historical arc it embodied, he aligned this rendition of the nation’s past with the geographic reimagination of ethnicity and class within the city.  In Leif, a version of the nation’s past coincided with the meaning embedded in that contemporary urban geography.\n\nBack Bay disentangled the local Anglo-American and Protestant elite from a city transformed by the influx of struggling Irish and, by late century, Italian and Eastern European immigrants. And the statue consecrated a historical arc from Leif the New England settler, through the seventeenth-century colonists, and toward the individuals embedded in that very neighborhood.\n\nMany thanks to Brendan Mackie for his thoughtful editing of this.\n\nThe Problem of Democracy: Radical Political Traditions in the Revolutions of 1848\n\nBy guest contributor Pamela C. Nogales C.\n\n\nHenri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux, Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag on 25 February 1848\n\nPrompted by the experience of the second world war, historian Lewis Namier described the undemocratic birth of modern republics in his 1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals (1944) and warned of the unintended consequences of nineteenth-century liberal ideals. On the process of nation-making, he wrote, “States are not created or destroyed, and frontiers redrawn or obliterated, by argument and majority votes;” rather, “nations are freed, united, or broken by blood and iron, and not by a generous application of liberty and tomato-sauce; violence is the instrument of national movements.” He reminded historians that forging national democracies had required men of influence and wealth, who were capable of combining their force to create a government and to defend it against imperial bayonets. Thus, if successful, the government of a democratic nation was composed of those who were victorious in seizing the political leadership of a new state and using its executive force to fight hostile forces—both from outside and within. While their final aim was a world without war, European liberals of the nineteenth century imagined that this end required a national government ready and willing to defend itself against armed invasion and domestic insurrection. It was common, for example, for liberal papers in Prussia to call for war against the Russian Empire in order to secure the success of democratic republics. Thus, already by 1848, the contest for democracy was bound up with the problem of executive force and raised difficult questions about the appropriate means to an end.\n\nLiberals’ strategic orientation toward state governments corresponded to the political realities of 1848. The Austrian, Prussian and Russian Empires, the pillars of the old eighteenth-century “Holy Alliance,” aimed to extinguish any spark of national revolution. And in the end, they were successful—this time, with the help of the soon-to-be French emperor, Louis Bonaparte. In the German states, the Frankfurt National Assembly was dissolved, and revolutionary governments and rebellions were crushed by Prussian troops; Bonaparte dismantled the French National Assembly in Paris, reestablished the monarchy and helped to restore Papal rule in the Italian peninsula; and the republican Magyar government in Hungary was toppled by a joint army of Russian and Austrian forces. This international defeat was among the most formative, political experiences of an entire generation of reformers and it signaled a split in the liberal tradition in Europe and beyond. Political demarcations shifted and became considerably more pronounced after the failure of the revolutions. The republicans, socialists and anarchists of this generation drew different lessons from these conflicts. But at the center of their disputes was the role of the nation in creating a democratic society.\n\n\nFerdinand Schröder’s caricature of the suppression of the revolutions of 1848 (published in the Düsseldorfer Monatshefte, August 1849)\n\nWhile the initial American response to the 1848 revolutions was overwhelmingly positive, the excitement over the French revolution was short-lived in the American capital. The Polk administration sustained the recognition of the new French republic by the U.S. Minister in Paris, Richard Rush, but several government officials preferred a mere congratulatory message—if any. South Carolina’s John Calhoun suggested that the Senate withhold their esteem until a new French Constitution was drafted and a permanent government was installed. Only then would it be possible to know if the national government deserved the Senate’s approbation. A cautious attitude was required because, as Whig Congressman Samuel Phelps of Vermont noted, “when the wheel of revolution begins to revolve, who can…tell where it will stop.”\n\n\nWalt Whitman’s poem “Resurgemus,” paying tribute to the Revolutions of 1848 (published in the New York Daily Tribune, June 21, 1850).\n\nWhile Calhoun prioritized the stability of the American republic above the risky upheavals of the Parisian workers, abolitionist Fredrick Douglass argued that to abandon the people of France because they demand freedom, jobs and better wages, amounted to a betrayal of America’s revolutionary roots. But Calhoun’s perspective was more representative of the majority of the Senate than those held by the radical abolitionists.\n\nAmbivalence toward the European socialists was common among the liberals in the United States. Of special concern were the French National Workshops, a state program designed to facilitate the employment of all laborers. Whig Senator Daniel Webster commented on the new constitution, which guaranteed “to all Frenchmen, not only liberty and security, but also employment and property.” For Webster this was an impossible task, “How can any government fulfill such a promise?”\n\nThe New Orleans Daily Picayune wondered why the French would riot after they were given the vote. Why rebel against their own constituent assembly? Charles A. Dana, a Boston novelist and European correspondent for the New-York Tribune, offered a radical interpretation. He explained that the Revolution of 1789 aimed to destroy feudalism, while the new revolution was “to destroy the moneyed feudalism and lay the foundations of social liberty.” New England poet James Russell Lowell shared Dana’s interpretation when he called 1848 the first social revolution of the modern world. Lowell wrote that the “first French Revolution was only the natural recoil of an oppressed and imbruted people.” In contrast, “the Revolution of 1848 [was] achieved by the working class,” and “at the bottom of [it] lies the idea of . . . social reorganization and regeneration”.Faced with armed citizens in the streets of Paris, the French liberals were forced to confront the “social question” squarely.\n\nThe forceful confrontation with the social question was provoked from outside liberal circles. Outside of France, European liberals were supporters of constitutional monarchies, that is, they were the defenders of parliamentary sovereignty over the dynastic power of kings. But they displayed outright contempt for the uneducated masses and had no intention of giving working people the vote. During the revolutions of 1848, it was those who fell under the label “social democrats” who were alone in demanding the extension of the franchise beyond the propertied classes. Among them was a motley crew of utopian socialists, Christian communists and “red Republicans” who rejected an elite democracy for a greater vision of political participation. These radicals were also in conversation with anarchists of different stripes, as well as women like George Sand, the revolutionary French socialist, who included women’s emancipation as part of her utopic demands. These radicals targeted the problems posed by the “hungry ’30s,” the rampant famine in the countryside, the rise in unemployment among city laborers and the decline of the artisan system of production. They argued that contemporary social inequality was hardly a natural outcome of talent, rather, it was a problem of society and thus could be resolved if made subject to politics. The disparate political tendencies grouped under social democracy were thus connected by the belief that the democratic revolutions of previous centuries promised a vision for human emancipation yet to be realized, but one that was receding from view amidst the changing social relations of the nineteenth century. While trying to recover past promises, radicals began to demand a future otherwise unimaginable from the perspective of European liberals alone.\n\nWhat is the role of the modern nation in the long battle to achieve democracy? This was the question posed in 1848.  Liberals, anarchists, and socialists all attempted to answer this question in thought and political practice. Their ideological differences did not correspond to sociological demarcations—they did not “express” a class position. Rather, the differences between these traditions must be found in their intellectual histories as well as their political practice. And we can hardly understand the meaning of these differences without a grasp of the shared concerns across these traditions.\n\n\nThibault, “Barricades After the Attack, Rue Saint-Maur” (June 26 1848)\n\nIt has become commonplace over the course of the twentieth century to imagine the political traditions of anarchism and socialism as fundamentally opposed to classical liberal values. From this perspective however, it is impossible to understand why an insurrectionary anarchist like Louis-Auguste Blanqui spoke of the French liberal Benjamin Constant as “one of the firmest upholders of French freedom”; why Karl Marx felt indebted to Adam Smith and John Locke for their conception of civil society; why during 1848 and ’49, the red flag was carried sometimes in opposition to but sometimes as a supplement to the tricolor of French republicans; or why the radical tailors of the 1840s reading Gracchus Babeuf out loud in their Parisian workshops still supported small-property ownership as a fundamental right of all free citizens. What we miss by setting up a strict antinomy between these political traditions are their embedded intellectual histories and their entanglement in the revolutionary history of the nineteenth century. We overlook how these ideas were tested, reconfigured and revised in response to the on-going attempts to transform society. And we do a disservice to intellectual history by treating political ideas as static concepts (as hardened “ideology”), rather than deriving their hermeneutic force from the transformative potential they carried at the time of their articulation.\n\nPamela C. Nogales C. is a Ph.D. candidate in American history at New York University, working on radical political thought on both sides of the Atlantic, with a special interest in the mid-nineteenth century crisis of democracy, the social question, and the contributions by nineteenth-century European political exiles in the United States. She is currently working on her dissertation, “Reform in the Age of Capital: The Transatlantic Roots of Radical Political Thought in the United States, 1828–1877.” She is based in Berlin and can be reached at\n\nDomingo Faustino Sarmiento, New England, and hemispheric visions\n\nBy Editor Derek Kane O’Leary\n\nPratt model\n\nBela Pratt, model of proposed monument of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1916), Boston Archives and Records Management, Collection 0245.001.\n\nAmerican sculptor Bela Pratt imagined the above statue in 1916, but it was never built. In 1913, the Argentine congress had allotted $50,000 for a monument to their former President, renowned educator and man of letters Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811-1888; presidency, 1868-1874) to be placed in Boston, Massachusetts. It was intended to celebrate his long-held affinity with the city and some of its famed residents. World war intervened, Pratt passed away, and sixty years elapsed before this tribute to Sarmiento arose on Boston’s Commonwealth Avenue, bearing a quite different aesthetic and story.  Dedicating that statue in 1973 before a crowd of locals and the Argentine diplomatic community, Mayor Kevin White reflected, “Sarmiento’s long journey back to the states has symbolic meaning; it helps to underscore both the historical importance of his pioneering role in education…and the yet unfulfilled challenge of achieving global peace and understanding through cultural exchange.” The statue now stands as the penultimate figure in the monuments marking the axis of Commonwealth Avenue. Sternly stepping forward into distinction from the rough bronze, he seems to brace himself against the world. He recalls a cloaked, much aged, and more somber kouros.\n\n\nStatue of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, erected in 1973, Boston, Massachusetts.\n\nWhite’s oration muffled much of Sarmiento’s life and his relationship with the United States, and the monument chiseled away the far more pointed symbolism of the 1916 model. The dedication reduced Sarmiento to an agent of modern education cast in the American mold, and implied that his subordinate and aspiring stance toward the U.S. should be a model for the world to follow. Depicting Sarmiento as a synecdoche for Argentina, and Boston as one for the U.S, the local rhetoric certainly refracted through the global prism of the Cold War. It does illustrate the extent to which monuments can become disembodied from their historical subject and context. But this is not to say that either dedication or statue was wrong about Sarmiento. Indeed, White’s depiction preserves in essential ways how a lot Bostonians would have understood the Argentine during his presidency a century ago, and the forward motion of the solitary bronze captures some of the meaning that many nineteenth-century New Englanders would have perceived in Sarmiento’s life.  However, if we keep the 1916 model in mind instead, it can in fact bring us somewhat closer to Sarmiento’s historic role within the Western Hemisphere.\n\nVida de lincoln\n\nSarmiento quickly assembled and published in 1866 a commemoration of Lincoln, which he distributed to U.S. acquaintances.\n\nIn the post-Civil War U.S., Sarmiento fastened in the minds of elite New Englanders as an avatar of their values on the Argentine frontier. In exile during the military dictatorship of Juan Manuel de Rosa (1835-1852), Sarmiento first encountered Horace and Mary Mann in West Newton, Massachusetts in 1848, a crucial coda to a larger Atlantic tour of educational systems Europe. Enamored of their pedagogy, Sarmiento upon his return south would expand vastly on his earlier efforts to reform and extend education in South America. As ambassador to the U.S. from 1866 until his election, he increasingly appeared to his U.S. interlocutors as a South American Horace Mann. From the vantage point of the Charles River, it was surely validating to envision Sarmiento dispensing copies of his favorite book, Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography, to students in the myriad new schoolhouses of the Argentine frontier. Mary (able in both Spanish and French, which enabled her to translate and communicate with Sarmiento) curated his image before the American public. She translated his classic work Facundo (1845) in 1868, which she scaffolded with a sweeping history of Argentina and glowing biography of its author. This served to amplify his prestige among the New England intelligentsia—which he thought beneficial to his political aspirations in Argentina; meanwhile, for her it promised to perpetuate the educational mission of her departed husband. (Their correspondence sprawled into the 1880s, comprising hundreds of letters.)\n\nBut Sarmiento called for a far more robust version of hemispheric integration than this, and therein we can detect a more complex and troubling historical kinship between North and South. Seldom at his station in the dreary capital, Sarmiento as ambassador roved the Northeast, forging connections with leading industrialists, military specialists, educators, and scholars. In 1866, in a notable example, he addressed the local intellectual, industrial, and business elite assembled at the Rhode Island Historical Society. With their expertise and capital flowing southward, he proposed merging the cloven paths of the northern and southern continents into one progressive historical trajectory. U.S. military officers to build forts against indigenous attacks; railroad and canal builders to incorporate their lands; schoolteachers to civilize them and the hoped for mass infusion of Northern European immigrants, and historians to craft the story. The intellectual disparity he perceived between North and South especially troubled him. Indeed, he flatteringly lamented to his audience, to tell the tale of Argentina’s ongoing war with Paraguay, the historian would need to peruse the archives and libraries of Providence.\n\nTo argue for this inter-American future, he looked to the past, and this drew him deeper into the Rhode Island archive and U.S. historical narrative. Long after the independence of the lands that would become Argentina, he yearned still to expunge what he perceived as the debilitating legacy of Spanish colonial misrule. In the U.S. he perceived a society and government guided by undiluted Anglo-Saxon reason and republican virtue; at home he bemoaned the legacy of a Hispanic population-which he portrayed as Medieval- mixed with a native population-which he saw as oriental.  In short, he articulated a broader version of the historical narrative of U.S. exceptionalism, generated in spaces like the Rhode Island Historical Society and its peer institutions.\n\nSarmiento spoke in the spirit of the American jeremiad, imagining the regeneration of South American civilization against barbarism—to use the lexicon of his famous Facundo. To an audience well-acquainted with the mammoth historical works of William Hickling Prescott on the Spanish conquest of America and John Lothrop Motley on the Dutch Republic, he performed a historiographical flourish. Snidely, he queried which century and civilization Prescott hailed from, given the renowned historian’s light-handed treatment of Hernán Cortés’s depredations. But enthusiastically turning to Motley’s account of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule, Sarmiento depicted the subsequent history of the new world as two great oceanic arcs emerging from that Low Countries battleground: the one by Pilgrims exiled to North America via Holland, bearing liberal principles of government; the second southward, borne by Spanish captains, who in the Spanish-Dutch conflict had “learned to harden themselves to crime and to the violation of divine laws.” Disregarding the far more complex ethnic landscape of New England and echoing a familiar version of the Black Legend, this vision of a bifurcated, almost Manichean hemispheric history would have resonated with the crowd. For both Sarmiento and his northern audience, the call for a North American model for the southern continent would have rung as a pleasing analogy to post-Civil War federal reconstruction of the South.\n\nIn promoting a collaborative future and renouncing a riven past, however, he then appealed to a deeper, pre-historic, and ostensibly non-European layer binding together the hemisphere, and which he imagined as inspiration for a shared historic purpose.\n\n“Beyond th­e frontiers and the present, are the monuments of a civilization which has had its dark age but not its renaissance. America has her petrified cities, the abode of a great people who flourished in them, pyramids which rival those of Egypt, temples and palaces which now fertilized the trunks of trees centuries old…when these monuments, which begin with the mound and end with enormous masses of hewn stone, sculptured with a thousand hieroglyphics, have been studied, classified and compared, the history of both Americas will begin upon the same page…”\n\nHere, Sarmiento has pealed back the layers of the archive, moving from contemporary geopolitics in South America, to trans-Atlantic colonization, to indigenous American civilization. Argentina’s preeminent nineteenth-century man of letters had early and untiringly leveraged writing to enhance personal and national power. By asserting cultural continuity among a markedly diverse range of pre-contact earthen and stone structures, Sarmiento was not positing a new take on hemispheric history, but petitioning that Argentina be inscribed on equal terms within it.\n\nIn claiming this shared path, lamenting a later historical divergence, and proposing a common future, Sarmiento sought to conjoin the histories of North and South America. Toward this end, what he modeled on the U.S.—and New England in particular—was much more than the pedagogy for which he was and has been known. It was a program for the coercive acquisition and industrialized integration of vast expanses of territory, and the ideal of perpetuating the Anglo-Saxon legacy of Europe in the Americas against lesser elements. Within the creeping logic of scientific racism, he would by the 1880s see these divergent American paths as the outcome of racial segregation and Anglo-Saxon purity in the North, and the mingling of Spanish and indigenous bloodlines in the South. (This is clearest in his 1883 Conflictos y Armonias de las Razas en America, dedicated to Mary Mann.)\n\nIn the 1916 model, Sarmiento, wreathed in laurels and Roman garb, sits atop the quarterdeck of his ship of state. Along the vessel’s side is etched “Education Courage Progress.” Charismatic rowers urge the vessel forward. Upon its prow, a martial and masculine version of Columbia holds Argentina in his arm, reaching out to that future with the other. For good measure, the brig is equipped with a spiked battering ram. The rhetorical construction of Sarmiento in the postwar U.S. press, among the contemporary New England republic of letters, and on Commonwealth Avenue today have disentangled the extraordinary educational impact of Sarmiento’s civilization project from the violence, coercion, and racial theory with which it was bound up. What we read in the inscription and form of Sarmiento’s statue today is a ripple of a much more complex reality.\n\nA conversation with Prof. Surekha Davies: From our occasional podcast series\n\nIn our inaugural podcast, Contributing Editor Cynthia Houng speaks with Prof. Surekha Davies about her book, Renaissance Ethnography and the Invention of the Human: New Worlds, Maps and Monsters (Cambridge University Press, 2016), winner of the 2016 Morris D. Forkosch Prize for the best first book in intellectual history.\n\nBelow, you’ll find some of the maps and objects that we discuss in our conversation. Follow the links to explore each object in greater detail.\n\nVallard Atlas Huntington\n\nVallard Atlas, 1547, Map 2, Terra Java. The Huntington Library, HM 29.\n\n\nPierre Desceliers, Detail of World Map (Mappe monde), 1546. The University of Manchester Library, FR MS 1*.\n\nExplore other parts of this large map (it is 260 x 130 cms in size!).\n\n\nJ. Hondius, Nieuwe Caerte van het wonderbaer ende goudrijcke landt Guiana, gelegen onder de Linie Aequinoctiael tusschen Brasilien ende Péru. nieuwelick besocht door Sir Water Ralegh Ridder van Engelandt in het jaer 1594, 95 ende 1596 (New Map of the Wonderful, Large and Rich Land of Guiana…), Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE D-14317.\n\nExplore this map on Gallica.\n\nScreenshot 2018-02-05 19.05.08\n\nDetail of the frontispiece to J. Hondius, Kurtze wunderbare Beschreibung. Dess Goldreichen Königreichs Guianae im America, oder newen Welt, vnter der Linea Aequinoctiali gelegen: so newlich Anno 1594. 1595. vnnd 1596. von dem wolgebornen Herrn, Herrn Walthero Ralegh…, Nuremberg, 1599. The John Carter Brown Library, Accession Number 0918.\n\nExplore the entire book.\n\n\nJan van Kessel, America (from The Four Continents), 1666, oil on copper. Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Alte Pinakothek, Munich, inv. no. 1913\n\nA note on the music in this podcast:\n\nThe music on this podcast was recorded by Paul Bowles in Morocco in the late 1950s.\n\nToday, we remember Bowles as the author of The Sheltering Sky, but he was also a composer with an interest in ethnomusicology. That interest, coupled with his belief that Moroccan musical traditions were threatened by post-Independence modernization efforts, led Bowles to propose, in 1957, that the Library of Congress sponsor a project to record Moroccan music in all of its breadth. The project was, in Bowles’s words, “a fight against time.” In 1959, with the support of the Library of Congress and a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, Bowles criss-crossed Morocco, setting up recording sessions in towns all over the country. He would make three more trips between 1959 and 1961. Bowles had no formal training in ethnomusicology, and his choices were guided by the contingencies of geography and travel–and by his own aesthetics.\n\nIn that sense, Bowles shares something with early modern travel writers and cartographers. They made forms of knowledge that bear some resemblance to modern-day academic disciplines, but belong, properly, to their own times. Bowles once told an interviewer, “I’ve always wanted to get as far as possible from the place where I was born. Far both geographically and spiritually. To leave it behind. One belongs to the whole world, not just one part of it.”\n\nThe Library of Congress maintains the Paul Bowles Music Collection. If you like what you hear, some of these recordings are available from Dust-to-Digital as a four-CD set, the Music of Morocco.\n\nHouses of Glass and Veils of Secrecy: Metaphor in Discourses of Political Publicity\n\nBy guest contributor Katlyn Marie Carter\n\nWe often use metaphors and analogies to talk about politics. The legislative process, you may have heard, is akin to sausage being made. Such metaphors stand to tell us a lot about how we think about politics and different aspects of government. In the case of sausage being made, one might think back a century to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, which exposed the meatpacking industry in Chicago as a horrifyingly dirty, disgusting, and degrading affair. In our popular culture, sausage making carries generally negative connotations. When we talk about lawmaking like this, the implication is that it is messy and, though the outcome may sometimes be good, getting to the product is not something that bears scrutiny well. On the flip side, so-called “sunshine laws” are proposed as remedies to corruption or foul play in government. The moniker suggests transparency as a potential cure for the worst aspects of the sausage making process. The use of these particular metaphors sheds light on how we, in early twenty-first century America, think about the ills of the legislative process and how best to remedy them.\n\nStudying the metaphors and analogies people in the past used to talk about politics can similarly enrich our understanding of their thinking and help us identify constitutive relationships between thought and practice. If we want to understand how revolutionaries in the late eighteenth century thought about the legislative process, at the moment when modern representative institutions were first being founded, we would do well to consider the metaphors and analogies they used to describe it. These expressions provide us with ways to deftly discern how thinking about such practices was evolving and how ideas were being shaped through experience with their practical application. Furthermore, paying attention to the way concepts were described metaphorically can reveal anxieties as well as ideals by anchoring ideas more firmly in the cultural context in which they were being applied and developed.\n\nI am by no means the first to suggest paying attention to metaphors in revolutionary politics. More than two decades ago, Lynn Hunt urged analysis of narratives and images of the family applied to politics during the French Revolution—a metaphor which was also ubiquitous in struggles between Britain and the American colonies.  Mary Ashburn Miller has pointed to the application of images and analogies from the natural world in order to argue that French revolutionaries often portrayed political events and violence as beyond human control. Perhaps the most widespread analogy used in political discourse in the late eighteenth century was that of the theater, which scholars of the French Revolution in particular have examined at length. Paul Friedland and Susan Maslan have both pointed to the rampant application of the language of theater to politics and read it as anxiety over the evolving meaning and contested implementation of political representation. Describing politics in terms of theater could carry implications of debauchery, debasement, and downright danger. Examining the connotations of such metaphors and analyzing the way they were applied to politics enriches our understanding of the conceptual development and practical implementation of ideas central to the revolutionary period.\n\nVeils of secrecy and houses of glass, along with references to working “behind the curtain,” “unmasking” traitors, and penetrating “conclaves” permeated both American and French political discourse during the Age of Revolutions. These metaphors were particularly prominent when discussing elected representatives and legislative deliberations among them. They were part of debates—in both France and the United States—over the questions of publicity, or transparency as we would call it today, and secrecy in government. In 1788, Patrick Henry critiqued constitutional provisions allowing for the discretionary use of secrecy in the future federal government, declaring on the floor of the Virginia constitutional ratifying convention: “I appeal to this Convention if it would not be better for America to take off the veil of secrecy. Look at us—hear our transactions” (Convention Debates, June 9, 1788). A year later, in response to a proposal to shut the doors of the Estates General meeting to the public, Third Estate deputy Constantin-François de Chasseboeuf de Volney proclaimed: “I cannot respect he who seeks to hide himself in the shadows; the fullness of day is made to shed light on the truth, and I am proud to think like the philosopher who said that all his actions never had anything secret and that he wished his house was made of glass.”\n\nThe question of when secrecy was appropriate versus what should be done in public view was central to the conception and implementation of representative government in the late eighteenth century. Such references are evidence of this fact; but the way in which these concepts were articulated merits further scrutiny. Interrogating the metaphors and analogies employed can help us identify the concerns underlying calls for more publicity and the way in which critiques of secrecy were linked to understandings of how representative government should (and should not) work. Likening the exposure of the legislative process to public view to removing “the veil of secrecy” was not an intellectually or culturally neutral way of describing the procedural decision to deliberate with open doors. Exploring its connotations illuminates the way in which deploying this particular metaphor was both constitutive and reflective of thinking about the purpose of publicity in representative government.\n\n\n“Les Aristocrates anéantis,” Artist unknown, 1790. Hand-colored etching on paper. Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Estampes et photographie.\n\nThis 1790 depiction of a National Guardsman revealing a formerly masked “demon of aristocracy” provides a visual representation reflective of the language used to talk about secrecy and the value of publicity in revolutionary politics. An eye appears in the right-hand corner of the image. Rays of sunshine emanate from this eye. This image resonates strongly with the iconography used in popular society publications urging vigilance over elected officials as well as potential enemies.\n\nWe know, for example, that veils—which were often referred to in both American and French political discourse—were associated on the most basic level with hiding and thus could have implied intentional obfuscation. In the Dictionnaire critique de la langue française of 1762, a voile was defined as a piece of cloth used to hide something, especially the faces of women who were widowed or residents of the so-called “Orient.” Referring to a veil could thus carry feminine connotations as well as a link to the “East,” which was often associated with despotism in the eighteenth century. A common figure of speech, the dictionary definition went on to detail, was that “a man has a veil covering his eyes when prejudices, biases, love, hate, or other passions prevent him from seeing things as they are.” Though curiously not defined in Samuel Johnson’s 1755 dictionary of the English language, when Noah Webster released his American Dictionary of the English Language in 1828, a veil was similarly defined as “a cover; a disguise,” and the verb form was defined as “to cover with a veil; to conceal,” or “to hide.”\n\nEven a cursory look at contemporary dictionary definitions provides some leads when it comes to better understanding the implications of the term’s use in calling for publicity or criticizing the secrecy surrounding legislative deliberations. The metaphorical lifting of a veil—when it came to publicizing political activity or government work—suggests that publicity was conceived of and portrayed as a remedy to combat active and intentional concealment. Such hiding, which could have carried connotations of femininity or despotism, might even have implied the operation of prejudice or the prevention of adequate information among those who were covered by the veil: the representatives who were deliberating. Talking about removing the “veil of secrecy” from a representative legislature may have been a way to posit publicity as constitutive of such a regime, in contrast to a despotic one. More than that, it also suggested specific purposes for publicity in such a system. Representatives were not only to deliberate in public view for the purposes of honesty and to combat implications of conspiracy or corruption, but also to maintain communication with the broader public for the purposes of their own information.\n\nThis is just one example; further unpacking the cluster of metaphors and analogies that eighteenth-century actors applied when they were talking about government secrecy and calling for greater publicity could continue to enrich our understanding of how these concepts were being defined and deployed on both sides of the Atlantic. When Volney made reference to working in a house of glass, he gestured to an ancient sage who reportedly declared his wish to live in a house that would allow constant monitoring of his actions. Referring to a house could have conjured publicity, or transparency, in a Rousseau-ian sense, as making one’s soul legible to the outside world for the purposes of guaranteeing authenticity. Further use of the metaphor in the context of defending one’s individual actions as a representative enforces such a connotation. In 1793, deputy Bertrand Barère responded to suspicions of potential past links to the monarchy by citing the same metaphor, stating: “A Roman citizen said: ‘I wish that a house open to all gazes would be constructed for me, so that all my fellow citizens can witness my actions.’ Citizens, I would have wanted to live in such a house during my time as a member of the Constituent Assembly.” A member of a representative assembly, such references suggested, was obliged to live transparently, perhaps without separation of private from public. Furthermore, the reference to ancient Rome was rife with republican signaling. Using the metaphor of a house of glass to describe the way a representative should live, think, and deliberate on behalf of the people illuminates the way in which transparency was constitutive of an ideal representative as republican and completely open to public scrutiny in all his actions.\n\nIn discussing publicity using these metaphors and analogies, politicians, polemicists, editors, and theorists implicitly laid out a case for why it was necessary, for what they felt they were combating by imposing it. They also defined secrecy as a particular type of threat, linked to dissembling, eastern despotism, femininity, carnival (in the case of masks), or religious superstition (in the case of conclaves), among many other references. Metaphors matter when trying to explain how people in the past thought about and articulated concepts; they give deeper meaning to what might otherwise be encountered as ideas isolated in the intellectual realm of philosophical tracts or constitutional frameworks. Looking at metaphors and analogies has the potential to firmly anchor political ideas to their social and cultural contexts and, in so doing, to expose the way ideas were interdependently shaped and translated from thought into practice.\n\nKatlyn is a postdoctoral fellow at the Weiser Center for Emerging Democracies at the University of Michigan, where she is currently working on a book manuscript about the relationship between state secrecy and representative government during the Age of Revolutions. You can contact her at\n\nOn The Pinkster King and the King of the Kongo: An Interview with Jeroen Dewulf\n\nInterview conducted by editor Derek O’Leary\n\nJeroen Dewulf is the Queen Beatrix Professor in Dutch Studies and an Associate Professor of German Studies at UC Berkeley, where he also directs the Institute of European Studies. His new book, The Pinkster King and the King of Kongo: The Forgotten History of America’s Dutch-Owned Slaves (University Press of Mississippi, 2017), departs from a study of nineteenth-century Pinkster, which has generally been considered a syncretic Dutch-Afro performance clustered in the formerly Dutch colonial territories of New York. Through a careful excavation of these rituals, he resituates an apparently local story in a much broader and deeper Atlantic context. His study casts light on the origins of Pinkster in a very different syncretism–of Iberian and African cultures on African soil–and the crucial role of mutual-aid associations in its transmission and promotion. For students of the intellectual and cultural history of the Atlantic, it provides a compelling model for circum-Atlantic history (to borrow from David Armitage’s typology), while encouraging us to reconsider our understanding of syncretism.\n\nDewulf_cover copy\n\nDerek: If we look at the longer trajectory of popular and scholarly impressions of New Netherlands and Dutch heritage in the US, there seems to be something especially malleable about how people have understood the Dutch. This ranges among the extremes of Washington Irving’s burlesque notions of the Dutch in the early nineteenth century, to Holland Mania later that century, to obliviousness at various times of the Dutch presence in North America. Your book takes as point of departure certain nineteenth-century misperceptions of Pinkster as an originally Dutch and African syncretic phenomenon that the Dutch gradually lost interest in. Such misperception seems due, in part, to the fact that the Dutch and their descendants rarely told their own history of the life in North America. Could you talk about why this is the case?\n\nJeroen: It is important to highlight the topic of language as such. Even within the Dutch community in America, preserving Dutch attachment to the language is an interesting topic, and you see as a general rule that as soon as people of Dutch descent achieved positions of power, their attachment to the language tended to disappear. And those who held on to Dutch were often farmers or rural inhabitants, which has consequences on the way the story is told.\n\nOn top of language, we have the matter of religion, another important element here. The Dutch had their own religion in a way: the Dutch Reformed Church. And having your own religion isolated the Dutch community from others. And then you also clearly see a division within the Dutch community, between those who abandon this history as soon as New Netherland becomes New York, and those who hold onto it. And those who hold onto it are not necessarily those who write. So, you have relatively few documents in which you hear a Dutch voice commenting on Dutch traditions in America.\n\nAs a result of this, the way we have told the history of New Netherlands is one heavily influenced by an Anglo-Saxon perspective, which would look at this Dutch heritage and make it correspond to a perception that they already had of it. It is also very important to keep in mind that there was no such thing as Dutch newspapers, so the voice of the media was an English voice.\n\nDerek: Your study explores a sort of “double erasure” in this context, of both Dutch voices and members of the Afro-Dutch community.\n\nJeroen: Who is aware that in the mid-eighteenth century that about 10-15% of blacks in New York still spoke Dutch? The Dutch and African linguistic heritage of the region are similarly forgotten. Little attention has been given to the fact that African-American history is a multilingual history, and not just in the sense of bringing different languages from Africa.\n\n\nMiddle panel of 1733 painting by John Heaton of Van Bergen farm near Albany, NY: One of the few images depicting African American slaves on a Dutch-owned farm at a time when about 10-15% of the slaves living in the states of New York and New Jersey spoke Dutch.\n\nDerek: Ironically, then, the erasure of Dutch voices from the nineteenth-century record seems to contribute to the erasure of the African and Portuguese origins of Pinkster. Your book takes a phenomenon—Pinkster– that has also, like this Dutch-American history, been interpreted in a very malleable way, and pulls it from a local context into a much more complex Atlantic context. In the process, the long-imagined Dutch influence on this Afro-American phenomenon recedes, and it becomes much less a story of the Dutch legacy in America. Much of the past few decades of historiography on the Dutch colonies in the Western Hemisphere have sought to reinsert them into both US and Atlantic history, so in an interesting way your book departs from this—indeed, it distances Dutch influence from a circum-Atlantic phenomenon of Pinkster, and directs us to see its roots elsewhere.\n\nJeroen: The book didn’t take me in the direction I was planning to go, and in a certain sense the book wrote itself. Originally, I thought this would be about performance culture, but it ended up being much more about mutual aid and solidarity and community-building. I also expected it to be a much more Dutch book, which it did not turn out to be. That was a surprise to me in the sense that what became clear is that we are speaking about a time period when Dutch Atlantic history was starting, and as a newcomer you naturally don’t build things out of nowhere: You build on what is already there. Especially when it comes to the process of slavery, we see how strong the continuation of Iberian model was among those who took over from the Spanish and Portuguese in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. I felt that this element has been underestimated by people who write about Atlantic History.\n\npinkster in 1800We still have this assumption that scholars choose “their” nation, and then tend to give too much importance to the colonizer of a specific area: If you focus on New Netherland you focus on the Dutch, if you write about New England you focus on the English, etc. But especially when you focus on a field such as slavery, its Atlantic complexity forces you to use a perspective that tries to capture this vast area, and you realize that holding on to this one-nation perspective is just not providing you with the answers to the challenging questions that manuscripts raise. Pinkster is a good example of this. It has traditionally been reduced to a “syncretic Dutch-African” tradition, which is true in the sense that there certainly are Dutch and African elements to be found in the tradition, but to say that something is syncretic doesn’t mean much. In fact, Pinkster is so much more complex than just a “mixture of Dutch and African” elements.\n\n\nJan Mosatert, Portrait of an African man, circa 1525-1530: An early connection between the traditional Pinkster (Pentecost) celebration in Dutch culture and Africa is this painting, depicting a unidentified black man from the sixteenth-century who wears in his hat a badge that indicates a visit to the Black Madonna of Halle, who is honored every Pentecost with a procession\n\nConcerning Pinkster, I think we see this performance in New York, see Africans participating, and immediately jump to the explanation that it is a Dutch-African syncretic process. When it comes to African-American traditions, it is much too easy to remain superficial and assert the usual things (e.g. they are honoring their ancestors) while avoiding more challenging questions, such as how ancestor worship would vary by region, for instance. Also, when we think about syncretism, we make a mistake in limiting syncretism to the Americas and the Caribbean, and do not apply the notion to Africa.\n\nSyncretism in a way can correct the traditional approach, whereby you would assume clear boundaries between cultures, as syncretism forces you to look at two cultures producing something new. But even that is too simple, because those two cultures are themselves full of syncretisms.\n\nDerek: In the comparative study of empire in the Atlantic, though, I think that we are still inclined to see a certain Dutch exceptionalism–that it was basically different than the other European colonial projects there. Indeed, as you note, there may have been a particularly Dutch colonial capacity to adopt the techniques and technologies—and, as we see here, integrate the customs—of other colonial projects in the Atlantic. But your study is also intriguing because it suggests we can look around the Atlantic, within other colonial projects, and find more complicated stories of syncretism as well. Was there something about the Dutch Atlantic project that made it more open to such transmission of culture and ideas?\n\nrace on the ice\n\nKing Charles Racing on Ice.\n “Artist’s conception of Charles, the Pinkster king, winning a nightly horse racing competition for his master Volkert Petrus Douw against General Philip Schuyler. In Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 62 (March 1881)” (Dewulf, 64).\n\nJeroen: There were definitely certain elements that the Dutch brought to the Atlantic that singled them out, including religion. When you see how the Dutch initiate slavery in their colonies, initially the way slavery is handled is similar to how it was handled by the Portuguese and Spanish, but soon you see that because of their different notions of religion, they start to change these practices. The example I give is baptism and the consequences of welcoming someone to your church, as the Dutch notion of Christianity and freedom was different than the Iberian notion, which led the Dutch to change their slave policy. In fact, the Dutch Reformed Church initially baptized slave children, similar to how the Iberian Catholic Church did, but stopped doing so after slave owners began to fear that once these children were admitted to the Church, they would no longer be able to sell      them as slaves.  Had this earlier process continued, I’m convinced that Pinkster would have disappeared, because the mutual-aid traditions out of which the African Pinkster celebrations developed would have been incompatible with Calvinist morality and mutual aid would have been provided within the context of the Church anyway. But it survived because at one point the church came under pressure from slave owners who opposed baptism, which gave those communities no other choice but to organize mutual aid on their own, for which they naturally used a brotherhood structure they were familiar with. Which also then explains the demise of the tradition, when the first black Christian churches come into existence in the nineteenth century and a Protestant morality becomes dominant within the African-American community. So, there was some form of Dutch exceptionalism in the Americas, but it developed only gradually, they had to learn to be an Atlantic power.\n\nWhen people use the term “exceptionalism” and link it to the Dutch, there is a tendency to link it to pragmatism and tolerance. But what I’ve tried to highlight is that we would make a mistake if we assumed that the existence of Pinkster was solely there because the Dutch were so tolerant to allow it to happen. There clearly was within a slave community a strategy used to make the Dutch realize that it was in their own interest, so it appears as pragmatism, but it is not something that would have happened without pressure from the slave community.\n\n\n\nFête de Ste. Rosalie, Patrone des négres by Johann Moritz Rugendas: Pinkster is far from being the only example where members of the slave community elected and celebrated their ‘king’ with a procession; this illustration from Rugendas shows a slave king procession in 19th-century Brazil\n\n\nKing processions by brotherhoods still today exist in rural parts of Latin-America. This example comes from Pernambuco, Brazil.\n\nYou do find such examples of pragmatism, but I would be careful of explaining this as a natural Dutch instinct, as has been done in books about Dutch exceptionalism. But, as a general observation, you can state that compared to the Portuguese and Spanish, the Dutch were more focused on profit and reluctant to share their culture, language, religion and identity with Others. In this respect it was not a problem for the Dutch to have a large community around them who did not share their language and church, which was unthinkable for the Portuguese and Spanish. Indonesia is the clearest case of this, where the Dutch used a local language—Malay—as the lingua franca of their colony.\n\nDerek: A common feature of many works of Atlantic History is that the Atlantic world—however we define it—forms a distinctive space in which innumerable hybrid identities are possible, rather than strictly national ones. Syncretism is crucial to this, and your book is a careful excavation of the syncretic process behind Pinkster. Though in our teaching and writing it can be easy to deploy this term rather casually. Has this study led to any general guidance or framework you would propose to other scholars seeking to understand syncretism in the Atlantic beyond the generalizations we tend to use about it?\n\nJeroen: Saying that something is syncretic is in a way saying nothing. Because, then what is it? You see this reflected in the way how we study black identity in the diaspora. In the old days, the nineteenth century, African elements were simply neglected. In the forties, you see a shift in which scholars become more interested in signs of African cultural “survivals,” which ultimately leads to a boom in the search for “Africanisms”—traces of African identity in the Americas. The important question I raise in this book is:  How African are such Africanisms? There has been a clear tendency to equalize Africanisms with indigenous African elements. What the book made me realize is that indigenous African element certainly were there, but I highlight the fact that it would be wrong not to realize that long before the first slaves arrived in North America, a syncretic process had already started on African soil. So, when you look at performance traditions, you see that in certain parts of Africa – such as the Kingdom of Kongo –  certain performances had already been influenced by European music, dance, musical instruments, clothing, etc. before coming to the Americas and the Caribbean.\n\nTo come back to Pinkster: Dutch elements were certainly in Pinkster performances, but ultimately they were less important than earlier Afro-Iberian ones. Obviously, we are forced to an extent to speculate on matters of African heritage. Mine is not the final word on Pinkster, but a new perspective that helps us rethink the history of this phenomenon. It is also another approach to the study of syncretic processes that is truly Atlantic in the sense that you avoid the mistake of looking at the powers – including African powers – of the Atlantic as pure entities with clear boundaries between them.\n\nMy suggestion when using the term syncretism, is not to see it as an answer to your question, but as a stepping stone to begin answering the question of what this syncretism consists of and how it came into being. After all, every cultural manifestation in syncretic in nature, so it would be wrong to limit the notion to the Americas and the Caribbean. I’m not the first one to do this; there are many other studies that raise such questions, but somehow in the field of performance studies there seems to be a reluctance to accept that some of the performance traditions enslaved Africans brought to the Americas were not indigenous in nature but rather characterized by inter-African and Afro-European syncretism. In the field of linguistics, for instance, there are plenty of studies that show us the important influence of Portuguese on the languages that enslaved Africans brought with them to the Americas. So, if language was influenced, why not dance, parades or certain musical instruments?  My only explanation for this is that many of those working in the field of performance studies are deeply influenced by the idea of black resistance against oppression that grew out of  the Civil Rights movement ideology, and are perhaps therefore reluctant to recognize that already in African, Africans voluntarily adopted certain elements of European culture and religion in their own cultural and religious traditions.\n\nDerek: Importantly, you depict that the Afro-Catholic syncretism behind Pinkster took place at a moment when Africans and Europeans were on more equal terms in Africa, as compared to in the Americas.\n\nJeroen: Which makes me wonder if it makes sense to use the same term both in the context of colonial oppression and in an era when Africans were still firmly in control of the African continent. We call that syncretism in general. I do feel there is a difference. One thing is integrating elements of a foreign culture into your own when you are in a situation of power; one very different thing is you adopting foreign elements when you are a slave. Nevertheless we use the term syncretism for both.\n\nDerek: You’ve mentioned brotherhoods and other voluntary organizations as a motive force in propelling this performance around the Atlantic and across centuries.\n\nJeroen: What this book taught me is that when you want to learn about matters of identity and culture, you need to ask how the community organized mutual aid. We as twenty-first-century people have perhaps forgotten this because we have all these services provided. This is a key question: how did a community organize mutual aid? This crucial question leads us to the fields of performance, but also language and religion. I often see in studies of religion a limitation to questions of spiritualism, and much less a focus on questions of material support and solidarity within the religious community. In fact, one of my most surprising conclusions in this book is that, originally, there was little difference between the way slaves in North America organized themselves from the way slaves in Latin-America did. Crucial differences only then start to develop when slaves in North America embrace Protestantism and begin to organize mutual aid as part of a community with (Afro-)Protestant norms and values.\n\nDerek: How has this project influenced your research interests?\n\nJeroen: This led me to look at black performance traditions elsewhere in America, and naturally I became interested in the case of New Orleans. And to my surprise, I learned that all major contemporary performance traditions related to the black community in New Orleans can be traced back to mutual aid societies. I wrote an article about this for the Louisiana Historical Association (“From Moors to Indians: The Mardi Gras Indians and the Three Transformations of St. James”), which they selected as the best article of the year 2016. In the article I ask how we can link the dances in Congo Square in New Orleans to carnival traditions such as the Mardi Gras Indians, and I show that the missing link is the existence of black mutual aid societies in New Orleans. Societies that, unlike in the case of Pinkster where they disappeared in the context of the “Second Great Awakening”, are still there in New Orleans. I decided to expand it, which is now leading to a new book to be entitled From the Kingdom of Kongo to Congo Square, and to be published in the coming months by the University of Louisiana Press.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.948906421661377}
+{"content": "Quotation Explorer - 'Out'\n\nThe Gospel worldview equips the artist with a unique combination of optimism and realism about life. - Timothy J. Keller\nWe cannot always build a future for our youth, but we can always build our youth for the future. - Franklin D. Roosevelt\nYou can never out-give God. - Anonymous\nWe are always imagining something, It is practically impossible to be awake without imagining something. Then why not imagine something at all times that will inspire the powers within us to do greater and greater things? - Christian D. Larson\nHardcore without punk isn't music, it's a genre of porn. And punk isn't a genre of music, it’s a thought process. - Dominic Owen Mallary\nRedundancy is like a plug being pulled out in a bath tub. Everything goes down the drain, your livelihood, your dreams, your car, your house, and your family. - Tania Gardana\nEnemy from within is always worst than outside devils. - Satyaankith\nThis is the key to the entire universe. You know what this is? It's not a microphone, this right here is your voice. This physical thing just amplifies it. Don't be afraid of your voice. You have a voice without a microphone. Use it and don't let anybody snuff you out and tell you don't have one. - Hayley Williams\nBe positive at all times! Leave out the negatives. - Jaachynma N.E. Agu\nExperience is a revelation in the light of which we renounce our errors of youth for those of age. - Ambrose Bierce\nEnforcement isn’t about big government or small government. It’s about whether government works and who it works for. - Elizabeth Warren\nHer touch is like doing simple mathWhen she sleeps in the bed, subtracting clothesThere is a red ink, like a sparkling red wine, adding colorsDividing body, remembering gods, without multiplying - Santosh Kalwar\nEverything that you want is not very important. Everything that was given to you without any want is very important. - Debasish Mridha\nWithout overcoming the obstacles on the path, how can you get to the top of the mountain? - Lailah Gifty Akita\nIt was a haunting tune, unresigned, a cry of heartache for all in the world that fell apart. As ash rose black against the brilliant sky, Fire's fiddle cried out for the dead, and for the living who stay behind and say goodbye. - Kristin Cashore\nOnce I stopped worrying about what people would think when they heard my truth, my truth set me free. - Deborah J. Monroe\nAfter much prayer, careful study and reliance on the Holy Spirit, I have concluded this about Christ’s intercession for us. Jesus died on the cross to purchase peace with God for me and He is in heaven now to maintain that peace, for me and in me. - David Wilkerson\nDo not ever doubt God, he knows what he is talking about - Farid F. Ibrahim\nLove without judging. Love without reason. - Debasish Mridha\nEven wondered about the difference?Autobiography: The usually self-serving accounts of personal accomplishments by a public figure.Memoir: The usually self-serving accounts of someone whose only accomplishments are often self-pity and vindictiveness. - Raul Ramos y Sanchez\nIt would be better for us to have some doubts in an honest pursuit of truth, than it would be for us to be certain about something that was not true. - Daniel Wallace\nDo not accept any information without a deep research on the origin. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nOne night I was layin' down,I heard Papa talkin' to Mama,I heard Papa say to let that boy boogie-woogie.'Cause it's in him and it's got to come out. - John Lee Hooker\nI'm about as intimidating as a butterfly. - Dan Howell\nSometimes he did not know if he slept or just thought about sleep. - Mark Strand\nI promised her that I would never kiss and tell, but I have to tell someone about my dreams and fairytales. So I’m telling you that I kissed her. - Delano Johnson\nLet the mechanics of desire bring your fulfilment without interference.the more you interfere, the less likely you will get what you want. - Deepak Chopra\nInside is where we meet everyone else; it's on the outside that we are truly alone. - Charles Simic\nThe hardest thing about any political campaign is how to win without proving that you are unworthy of winning. - Adlai E. Stevenson Jr.\nPeople are perfectly capable of ruining their own lives by very themselves without taking any wrong guidance from outside! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nMan himself is a great deep, whose very hairs Thou numberest, O Lord, and they fall not to the ground without Thee. And yet are the hairs of his head easier to be numbered than his feelings, and the beatings of his heart. - Augustine of Hippo\nI hate to complain...No one is without difficulties, whether in high or low life, and every person knows best where their own shoe pinches. - Abigail Adams\nClean your home first before complaining about others. - Debasish Mridha\nLife is always about being true to who you are or what you believe in. - Andy Biersack\nSuch is the power of truth that even the slightest whisper of it can handily drown out the most boisterous of lies, which may explain why in many instances God only needs to whisper. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nPygmies are pygmies still, though percht on Alps; And pyramids are pyramids in vales. Each man makes his own stature, builds himself. Virtue alone outbuilds the Pyramids; Her monuments shall last when Egypt's fall. - Edward Young\nIt's about what YOU are going to do with the short time you have left on this earth. - Hugh Macleod\nPoverty is often equated with liability. How cruel this world is? - Moutasem Algharati\nActivism begins with you, Democracy begins with you, get out there, get active! Tag, you're it - Thom Hartmann\nA tree without roots is just a piece of wood. - Marco Pierre White\nWhenever God allows a mass blindness to cover his church, it is not out of stupidity, it is out of divine providence - Sunday Adelaja\nA heart filled with love never dries out by giving away love. It is like the ocean with unending waves. - Debasish Mridha\nGiving out of your surplus does not make you generous, it makes your selfishness more tolerable! Giving while you are lacking is what pleases the Lord. - William Branks\nLet every hindrance to joy become the soil out of which joy blossoms. - Elizabeth George\nWhat is the body complex (pudgal)? It is influx and outflow (puran-galan); it is credit and debit. And if you attain knowledge of the Soul, the Self, then you will attain Moksha (liberation). - Dada Bhagwan\nJohn and I noticed that whenever we talked about our children Wystan reached for his cats. - Thekla Clark\nQue grande vantagem o recordar intrasigentemente!Agora tenho pena de nunca mais ter visto a outra raparigaE tenho pena de nem sequer ter olhado para esta(...)Porque todas as recordações são a mesma recordação,Tudo o que foi é a mesma morte,Ontem, hoje, quem sabe se até amanhã? - Álvaro de Campos\nWhen I touch you, it makes me trembling.I feel like I've lost myself, existentially.Your lips on mine makes me feel likeI'm flying across the universe, without aimlessly. - Tamara Stamenkovic\nI'm out of the loop, and that's the way I like it. - Anonymous\nI see where we are starting to pay some attention to our neigbors to the south. We could never understand why Mexico wasn't just crazy about us; for we have always had their good will, and oil and minerals, at heart. - Will Rogers\nThe great omission in American life is solitude. . . that zone of time and space, free from the outside pressures, which is the incinerator of the spirit. - Marya Mannes\nIn the long run what people think about shepherds and bakers becomes more important for them than their own destinies. - Paulo Coelho\nPrayer is not about asking what you want, but what God wants. - Shannon L. Alder\nIt’s not easy balancing a career, a family and a healthy outlook on life, which is why I don’t. - Alex Bosworth\nI love you like a guitar loves hands. The strings of my heart will never sing without your touch. - Debasish Mridha\nMy only regrets are the moments when i doubted myself and took the safe route. Life is too short to waste time being unhappy. - Dan Howell\nWhat is life without incompatible realities? - Ursula K. Le Guin\nFailure is almost always success wrapped in a blanket of redo possibilities... It is up to you to reframe the outcome ~bns - Bluenscottish\nWhenever you jump off a cliff at GOD's command, be sure that you will fly! Either by soaring on the palm of His hands or on the parachute of that command or you will suddenly have wings pop out and sustain you in the air. Either way, you will be flying and He'll be the one behind it all. - TemitOpe Ibrahim\nSuicide is the way OUT of life, but, leaving everyone behind is the way INTO sadness. - TheKatAttack\nShe was beautiful, but her youth, the very awkwardness of her age, prevented her from flaunting it. - Richard J. O'Brien\nCancer gave me an understanding of the point of all this. To survive. Most of our lives it is easy but for the moments when it becomes difficult, when accident or sickness or sadness strikes, it's just about remembering one thing. You must simply survive. - Shaun Hick\nLove doesn't know about time. It sparks and then it lasts forever.\nBecoming wealthy is about accumulating wealth. - Stephen Richards\nI got kicked out of ballet class because I pulled a groin muscle. It wasn't mine. - Rita Rudner\nIt is okay of talking about the past, as long as there's no bitterness and anger. It only gives you a heart attack. It won't change the past either. - Ann Marie Aguilar\nIs there any reward?I'm beginning to doubt it.I am broken and bored,Is there any rewardReassure me, Good Lord,And inform me about it.Is there any reward?I'm beginning to doubt it. - Hilarie Belloc\nDance to inspire, dance to freedom, life is about experiences so dance and let yourself become free. - Shah Asad Rizvi\nHence the migratory bird was about to leave then the other bird just querked and weeped - shivangi lavaniya\nHe'd been told that women were sensitive about such things, as if a scar could somehow ruin their beauty, but scars were just stories told in flesh... - Larry Correia\nWrite about the beauties of life to create a beautiful society. - Debasish Mridha\nlife is not about how fast you start,but how the end is going to be ,so don't worry when others are ahead of you.just keep on doing what you have been doing. - lexis smigz\nThe trick about falling is to catch yourself before you hit the dirt. - William Ritter\nA politician is someone who knows everything about running a campaign and nothing about running a country. - James Rozoff\nNumquam illegitimi carborundum --\"Never let the bastards grind you down.-- my old Latin prof Dr. Kuk''s version, other minor variations out there. - mists of time\nYou have neither the clout nor the experience to make a threat like that, Victor. - Bret Easton Ellis\nDon't deny the past. Remember everything. If you're bitter, be bitter. Cry it out! Scream! Denial is gangrene. - Joy Kogawa\nRéduites à des théories générales, les mathématiques seraient une belle forme sans contenu.Reduced to general theories, mathematics would be a beautiful form without content. - Henri Lebesgue\nOxygen always stays around man, but man sometime breath without thinking about that. Oxygen never ignore man; It is the man who ignore oxygen. - Chhenghak Yang\nI had lived my life before in accordance with the poverty and itinerancy of my childhood, sliding in and out of other people’s leases, never expecting to stay very long and tolerating circumstances that strike me now as completely absurd. - Kathleen Alcott\nWhen I need some striking inspiration about deep depression for my new painting, I just need to go to check my bank account... - Hiroko Sakai\n.......Love is such a biological feeling, which kills, without killing you biologically. - Farooq A. Shiekh\nThere is something remarkable about each one of us. Seize the opportunity to look within and rediscover yourself. - Roopleen\nMaybe there’s a God aboveBut all I’ve ever learned from loveWas how to shoot at someone who outdrew youIt’s not a cry you can hear at nightIt’s not somebody who has seen the lightIt’s a cold and it’s a broken Hallelujah - Leonard Cohen\nFunerals seem less about comforting the souls of these dearly departed than aboutcomforting the people they leave behind. - Rin Chupeco\nIt was the kind of country that made you feel better about yourself. - David Halberstam\nShe felt about her zester the way some women do about a pair of spiky red shoes--a frivolous splurge, good only for parties, but oh so lovely. - Erica Bauermeister\nThe most important thing about a technology is how it changes people. - Jaron Lanier\nI think sometimes we spend so much time trying to find out who we are we lose sight of who we want to be - Anonymous\nWhat's the feeling everyday somebody to say right in your face lie... ( like a woman which sucks your dick and your semen goes right in hermouth) and you can't do anything on this problem??And what to tell you move on, soon or later?? - Deyth Banger\nCatch your friends doing something good and tell them about it. - Glenn C. Stewart\nHONESTLY ....I believe people are intimidated with truthful/ outspoken people. HONESTY..... will help you grow and it shows maturity.HONEST.....people will push you closer towards your destiny. - Takina Cupp\nThe only sure thing about luck is that it will change. - Wilsin Mizner\nAngels only care about what you look like on the inside. A pure heart is the vessel that contains a soul's true beauty. - Molly Friedenfeld\nAll beliefs and understanding about everything in this universe that you currently hold to be true, are false. - Mamur Mustapha\nA house without security cannot be a home! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nAnger without power is folly. - German Proverb\nWithout harming anyone, how can I make this world more peaceful? How can I help others to fulfill their desires? How can I enhance and enrich the beauty and happiness for humanity? - Debasish Mridha\nWhen the young womanleans over the sky,about to water the flowers as well as the weeds,her white front splits openuntil her milk runs. - Günter Grass\nA Man Without A Goal Is A Man Without A Future. - Godfrey Orateng\nIf they want to you out... they will find always a reason for that. - Deyth Banger\nThe self-help movement that began in the latter half of the twentieth century suffers particularly from this flaw, for the personal and interpersonal skills it seeks to cultivate are almost always designed to get us more of what we think we want, rather than to bring about a change of heart. - C. Terry Warner\nIt is far more comforting to think God listened and said no, than to think that nobody’s out there. - Mitch Albom\nIt's not about how long you can live , it's about how long you can forget and forgive. - Abdel Halim Boudekhana\nYou never push a noun against a verb without trying to blow up something. - H.L. Mencken\nAs it is I'm a dated novelist, whom hardly anybody reads, or if they do, most of them don't understand what I am on about. Certainly I wish I had never written Voss, which is going to be everybody's albatross. - Patrick White\n...as no one can be just without love, so no one can truly report without understanding. - George MacDonald\nJust EnoughSoil for legsAxe for handsFlower for eyesBird for earsMushrooms for noseSmile for mouthSongs for lungsSweat for skinWind for mind - Nanao Sakaki\nYou realize you've forgiven people, your past and yourself when you don't speak bad about them anymore, even if you're encouraged to do so, even if you remember you were once brutally broken because of them... you just move on, let go, let them be and let yourself be... - Sanhita Baruah\nEveryone can rise above their circumstances and achieve success if they are dedicated to and passionate about what they do. - Nelson Mandela\nIt's not that I don't enjoy it, but it's kind of like a trip to Disneyland. You get so excited about a ride on the Matterhorn, and then when it's over, you realize you wasted all that time in line for a minute and a half upside down and the chance to throw up.\nGo without the latest iPhone, explore the world and discover... - El Fuego\nEveryone has greatness in them! To bring it out, we just have to empower them. - Debasish Mridha\nI���m not concerned about your comfort zone or readiness for change. I’m concerned about the kids who just entered Kindergarten. - Ian Jukes\nWomen, can't live with them, can't murder/suicide without them - Josh Stern\nI'm very well acquainted too with matters mathematical, I understand equations, both the simple and quadratical, About binomial theorem I'm teeming with a lot of news-- With many cheerful facts about the square of the hypotenuse.\nWhoever created the world went to a lot of trouble. It would be downright rude not to go out and see as much of it as possible. - Edward Readicker-Henderson\nPIRACY, n. Commerce without its folly-swaddles, just as God made it. - Ambrose Bierce\nIt's not vanity to know your own good points. It would just be stupidity if you didn't; It's only vanity when you get puffed up about them. - L. M. Montgomery\nLet others pride themselves about how many pages they have written; I'd rather boast about the ones I've read. - Jorge Luis Borges\nTrue love isn't about being perfect. It's about seeing each other's imperfections as beauty. - Cori Garrison\nNot afraid to write about my past to inspire your future - Jordone Branch\nA lion will never be afraid of sheep, no matter how many outnumber it. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nTell me again about how it's impossible to do and how it can't be done, then get out of my way and watch me do it. - Mak W Boyer\nWhen something serious happens in your life, something bad comes out of it but also something good. You get to see who is real. Who your true friends are, and who truly loves you.  - Angie karan\nLike your tastebuds, desires and goals are ever-changing. What used to work, might not do it for you anymore. The question is: Do you have the guts to do something about it? - C. Nzingha Smith\nIn God’s hands, the ingredients of our lives will always work out ultimately for our good and, even better, for His eternal purposes. - Elizabeth George\nThere is no such thing as justice--in or out of court. - Clarence Darrow\nSeeing ourselves as others see us would probably confirm our worst suspicions about them. - Franklin P. Adams\nWomen who seek advice from single women about getting a man is like asking a homeless man how to be rich. - Habeeb Akande\nIf a messiah exhorts you to kill people of another belief system, get this idiot non-prophet out of your stupid system. - Fakeer Ishavardas\nStand out because you think differently.Stand out because you speak differently.Stand out because you act differently.Stand out because you work differently.Stand out because you live differently. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nKnowing your purpose on earth is simple, but the task here is to bring about the success of your destiny. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nThis life gets bitterly cold. Sometimes you just need to cling to the person that you can claw your way out of the dark with. - Chris Dingess\nShades of gray. Even if our colors are bright, as long as we stay silent, we are like a gray mouse. In praise of our speaking out. - Lara Biyuts\nyou can tell a lot about a person how they view sex…. - Turcois Ominek\nWhen sceptical about reality, man tends to believe the absurd. - Raheel Farooq\nWe’ll never solve the problems we don’t talk about. - Justin Young\nWithout a rich heart, wealth is an ugly beggar. - Ralph Waldo Emerson\nIndifference and neglect often do much more damage than outright dislike. - J. K. Rowling\nMake requests, not demands.example: please kill that zombie honey, I’m out of bullets. - Jesse Petersen\nIf Man is stranger to his own research however, he starts redefining the life to cover up his err,and finally in his run, at his last hour,asks himself \"What is this all about?\" and lets his hour pass over. - Ajay Chandan\nHappiness is a good business these days, more you talk crap about happiness the large number of crowd you will gather. - Santosh Kalwar\nGod cares about those in need, and so should His people. - Jim George\nMarginal gains is not about making small changes and hoping they fly. Rather, it is about breaking down a big problem into small parts in order to rigorously establish what works and what doesn't. - Matthew Syed\nA blind pursuit of cheap popularity has nothing to do with revolution.\"[Political Report of the National Executive Committee to the forty-ninth A.N.C. National Conference, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 17 December 1994] - Nelson Mandela\nOne of the greatest of human follies is that we think we know ourselves so well, that we know how we would act under any conditions, that we would under any circumstance 'do the right thing.' Well, as many have discovered, you don't really know what you'll do in the dark till the lights go out. - James Carlos Blake\nThere is one thing you must always remember about yourself; always be yourself, with courage and humility, no matter what! - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah\nIt's not how great the ideas are. It's about how you write them, to make them great. - Primadonna Angela\nWriters really don't retire, you know. They have to be taken out and shot. - James Salter\nI was going all well and then suddenly struck by this devil just out of the blue and i got paralyzed... - affan Riz\nI’m not afraid of total failure. In the end, we’re all just food for worms, so what are we so worried about? - Marisha Pessl\nif you don't like something change it and if you cannot change it ,change the way you you think about it. - Mary Engelbreit\nWithout theory, practice is but routine born of habit. Theory alone can bring forth and develop the spirit of inventions. - Louis Pasteur\nOnly in youth does coincidence seem the same as fate. Later, we know that the real course of our lives is decided within us; our paths may seem to diverge from our wishes in a confused and pointless way, but in the end the way always leads us to our invisible destination. - Zweig, Stefan\nWorking on television is like being shot out of a cannon. They cram you all up with rehearsals, then someone lights a fuse and - BANG - there you are in someone's living room. - Tallulah Bankhead\nA goal without a plan is just a wish. - Antoine de Saint-Exupéry\nYou either learn to live with it or leave without it. - Akash B Chandran\nIf people say They don't Believe on God or Jesus then answer me this! who's name do they call out when they get hurt?and on the other side of the spectrum who's name do they call out when making love? well? there's your answer think about - Lawrence A Bergeron\nI prefer that these reserves be spent in arguing whether Mary conceived without sin, whether Christ was God or man, rather than discussing whether my power is of divine origin and if, in short, I am deserving of it. Heresy, then, is tolerable as long as it is not employed directly against power. - Carlos Fuentes\nLife without a defined purpose is similar to a boat without a crew in the middle of the ocean. - Debasish Mridha\nChanel is an institution, and you have to treat an institution like a whore and then you get something out of her - Karl Lagerfeld\nInfatuation burns itself out,' she says. 'Friendship mixed with old chemistry--that can last a lifetime. - Tess Callahan\nWhen you don't fit in, be sure to stand out. - Johnnie Dent Jr.\nOnly when the lion is out of sight can you raise your fist at him. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nAge withers only the outside.\nThe truth about people is that there are more fakes than originals. - Saleem Sharma\nA people without children would face a hopeless future; a country without trees is almost as helpless. - Theodore Roosevelt\nIf someone says something about your art that makes you feel bad, disregard it and joyfully make more art. - Gayle Wray\nIf having problems feels like a problem to you, it may not be the problems themselves, but the way you think about them that is the problem. - Steve Goodier\nI cannot live without books. - Thomas Jefferson\nA vision without a task is but a dream. A task without a vision is drudgery. A vision and a task are the hope of the world. - Inscription on a church wall in Sussex England c. 1730\nTime:\"I spend everybody yet foolish humans tel tat they spend time without knowing that they spend only them - GANESH\nIf a tie is like kissing your sister, losing is like kissing your grandmother with her teeth out. - George Brett\nEven the brightest stars burn out eventually. - Trevor Driggers\nI hope you will go out and let stories happen to you, and that you will work them, water them with your blood and tears and laughter 'til they bloom, 'til you yourself burst into bloom. - Clarissa Piakola Estes\nNo, I'm not going to explain it. If you can't figure it out, you didn't want to know anyway... :-)\nThings don't always go as planned, but it's when you make a plan out of the unplanned and make the best of the unlikely things In life. - Auliq Ice\nThere is treasure hidden beneath the entire land, but the problem is people are unwilling to dig it out. - Waqar Masood\nDon't you know no one can escapethe power of creatures reaching outwith breath alone? - Marina Tsvetaeva\n[The pamphlet] was very patriotic. That is, it talked about killing foreigners. - Terry Pratchett\nChaos is nothing more than beauty about to dance. - A.D. Posey\nRead no history--nothing but biography, for that is life without theory. - Benjamin Disraeli\nThey never understood what Harry Potter what about. Or maybe they didn't want to understand. - Asmara W.M\nDon't overthink yourself out of something good! - Akosua Dardaine Edwards\nThe world is so constructed, that if you wish to enjoy its pleasures, you must also endure its pains. Whether you like it or not, you cannot have one without the other.\nWake up with a purpose and make every effort to succeed. Many people spend their lives just going through the motions. They are satisfied with their daily routines or habitual lifestyles. Don't be complacent with those activities. Challenge yourself to be better, do greater things. - Amaka Imani Nkosazana\nWow, a world without darkness. How beautiful was that? - Benjamin Alire Sáenz\nThe secret is not to write about what you love best, but about what you, alone, love at all. - Annie Dillard\nWhen the energy is directed outside, you create and manifest life outside, and when the same energy is directed inward, you reach to the ultimate truth of life. - Roshan Sharma\nThe truth about your own life is not always easy to accept, and sometimes hasn't even occurred to you. - Anna Quindlen\nIf we continue to develop our technology without wisdom or prudence, our servant may prove to be our executioner. - OMAR N. BRADLEY\nThe greatest testimony you will ever have about Christ is not in what you believe, but rather in what you do. - Shannon L. Alder\nThe morning sun has a lesson to teach us—without judging, love everyone as he does. - Debasish Mridha\nand he imagines carsand rides them in his dreams,so lonely growing up amongthe imaginary automobilesand dead souls of Tarrytownto createout of his own imaginationthe beauty of his wildforebears - a mythology he cannot inherit. - Allen Ginsberg\nThe self centred disregard for anything living outside of me , is pure solipsism. One may feel the world is pure evil but its \" I \" who filters the thought through \"my \"own un - coping mind, seeking complete annihilation of the world for my own self relief ! - BinYamin Gulzar\nKnowledge without implementation is but mere information. True knowledge transcends the barrier of the mind and bears fruit within action - T. Haque\n4. God reveals to humanity, through His Word, the shortest route to success, prosperity andwell-being. - Sunday Adelaja\nThe life is all about sharing a little part of your life to make others happy, to became happy. - Harsh Singh\nI wanted to figure out why I was so busy, but I couldn't find the time to do it. - Todd Stocker\nAnd when he is out of sight, quickly also is he out of mind. - Thomas a Kempis\nTurn on, tune in and drop out. - Timothy Leary\nThe lack of truth in one's words and actions is manifested in the failed attempts at success. Without integrity, reinvention has no impact~ - Bluenscottish\nMonsters almost always are culture's way of working out their fears. - Catherynne M. Valente\nOur bodies heal without permission but our hearts need consent. Give it. - Lauren Eden\nIt was a light which gave solidity to everything and drew colour out from the heart of objects. - V.S. Naipaul\nTruth is that we all need facts we cannot continue to eat only the food that is given to us. Sometimes we have to feed ourselves otherwise we set our self up for dependency on the wrong nutrition without realizing that we were being poisoned the whole time. - R. Lewis\nWhen we say forever, we are talking about a desire. - Daya Kudari\nDo not leave without saying good bye. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nReading without reflecting is like eating without digesting. - Edmund Burke\nA successful book is not made of what is in it, but what is left out of it. - Mark Twain\nThe only thing tougher than developing leadership skills is attempting to be successful without them. - Orrin Woodward\nLife after love was possible. I was proof. Loss taught you about yourself, burrowed in the dark parts of your soul and ate you from the inside out. - Hailey Edwards\nAt the banquet table of nature, there are no reserved seats. You get what you can take, and you keep what you can hold. If you can't take anything, you won't get anything, and if you can't hold anything, you won't keep anything. And you can't take anything without organization. - A. Philip Randolph\nOne of the things you learn about being married is that being with someone day in and day out can make you so comfortable that you risk losing your tact. - Apol Lejano-Massebieau\nPraise will come to those whose kindness leaves you without debt.\n[Addiction's] not about placating the bad dog - it's about feeding the good dog. You still have to feed the bad dog, but only enough so that the ASPCA doesn't bring you up on charges. - Robert Downey Jr.\nThere's something about each of my books that I'm really proud of, and there's something about each of my books that I cringe over. - Margaret Peterson Haddix\nHmm…now that I think about it, housecats are often coddled and petted. You don’t pet me nearly enough. You must be a lax owner. How selfish of you to deprive your cat of attention. - Colleen Houck\nWriters seek to create order out of the chaos of everyday life, and to extract meaning from both the tragic and the mundane - Hope Edelman\nTalking with you is sort of the conversational equivalent of an out of body experience. - Bill Watterson\nChris says that Creativity, is the most crucial for the leader to think out of the box and provide the best way of getting things done. - Chris Salamone\nSo many commands in the Bible require obedience without us experiencing any conviction to obey them. That is when our faith is truly tested. - Alan de Jager\nIls ne savaient peut-être pas que les histoires s'écrivaient le plus souvent avec des matériaux usagés et que l'auteur devait donner à tout cela l'allure du neuf. - Jaques Poulin\nJesus never wrote a book; never went outside his country. His only legacy was to never compromise the good. And it was more than enough for the world. - Psyche Roxas-Mendoza\nLife Without Love Like Body without Soul - romantic\nParenting the outside of the child is as useless as polishing a rotten apple. - Benjamin Lotter\nLife gives daily lessons ... Not to study but to understand - Mohammed Sekouty\nOur shoes carry our body, so we polish them; our body carries our soul, so we clean the body, but, what about our soul? - Rahul Rampal\nThe truth is out there. - Fox Mulder\nI might have been afraid that if I really loved someone and needed her, one day she might suddenly disappear without a word, and I'd be left all alone. - Haruki Murakami\nDon't you dare try to die again without asking my permission! - Shungiku Nakamura\nYoung people are moving away from feeling guilty about sleeping with somebody to feeling guilty if they are *not* sleeping with someone. - Margaret Mead\nThe absent are never without fault, nor the present without excuse. - Benjamin Franklin\nWithout risks my friends there is no progress, no advancement either in science or technology. - Sunday Adelaja\nI like stories about supervillains. They teach children that you can accomplish great things even when the whole world is against you. - G.D. Falksen\nWithout appreciation (for yourself, others and life itself) there is no growth - Rasheed Ogunlaru\nIt's okay to be hurt because what is pleasure without some pain. - Jasmine Sandozz\nSometimes in life we take a leap of faith. Remember, the leap is not about getting from one side to the other. It's simply about taking the leap....and trusting the air, the universal breath, will support your wings so that you may soar. - Kristi Bowman\nWithout memories,there can be no good or evil. It will exist only indifference! - N.M.\nSadness flies on the wings of the morning, and out of the heart of darkness comes the light. - Jean Giraudoux\nFind out how much time you have then get busy using it. - Debasish Mridha\nGood can exist without evil,but evil cannot exist without good.The former is eternal,the latter is temporal. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nOne's action ought to come out of an achieved stillness: not to be a mere rushing on. - D.H. Lawrence\nnothing is wrong and nothing is right in this world, it's all about the matter of justification only. - rishi_328\nAs a country we learn a lot about ability, but very little about human empathy. - Premchand Shetty\nWith every morn my life afresh must breakThe crust of self, gathered about me fresh;That thy wind-spirit may rush in and shakeThe darkness out of me, and rend the meshThe spider-devils spin out of the flesh-Eager to net the soul before it wake,That it may slumberous lie, and listen to the snake. - George MacDonald\nYoung people are in a condition like permanent intoxication, because youth is sweet and they are growing. - Aristotle\nWe only live once. Well we might get to live more than just once but we don't and wouldn't know a thing about it even if we do. Therefor we should live our life to the fullest in this life time - Tuul Bat\nWho, however, is in doubt ‘and’ awe (thaumázein) about a matter doesn’t believe in the thing to begin with. That is why the friend of Stories (mŷthos) is also in a certain way a philosopher; because the Story arises out of awe.’ (’s Metaphysics: Book I. Part II) - Aristotle\nThe saddest thing about death, whether it's our own or someone we care for, is when the world doesn't stop when we do. - Darnell Lamont Walker\nKarate without heart is just A corpse - Soke Behzad Ahmadi\nWhen you love and it hurt, love more and love without expectation. - Debasish Mridha\nThe good thing about a self-help book is that if you misunderstand something then it won't mock you. - Stephen Richards\nThe point of modernity is to live a life without illusions while not becoming disillusioned - Antonio Gramsci\nRecollection, I have found, is usually about half invention... - Wallace Stegner\nI knowThat I can't sit hereAnd expect my silenceTo evoke changeWithout reason. - Jordan Hoechlin\nLive your life without any regrets. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nHe was responsible for administering an army that lacked time-tested procedures and routinized policies, so every decision became an improvisational act. - Joseph J. Ellis\nHey, A-D-D, she called out to Claire, come over and try these on. - Kimberly Derting\nWill you take me as I am? Strung out on another man...California, I'm comin' home. - Joni Mitchell\nKeep focusing on God and all things will work out. - Ray S. Jones\nWe can't fully encompass our motivational and inspirational awareness without fully understanding our purpose in life. - Matthew Donnelly\nYou should not expect your dreams to become a reality if you do not do something about it. - Kindle Korner\nTheir gazes locked and held for a long beat, like maybe he was taking her pulse from across the room, absorbing the fact that she was drenched and breathless. The corners of his mouth twitched. She’d amused him again. - Jill Shalvis\nit was always something what we did or said, and there would be this flash, and then it didn't subside. all your past sins would be brought up, it was just endless. and my mother attributed it sometimes to having neuralgia, but she never showed that outwardly - Alice Schroeder\nHorror make me awake and when I don't think about it but I read it it make me sleepy! - Deyth Banger\nWe have had for breakfast, toasts, cakes, a yorkshire pie, a piece of beef about the size and much the shape of my portmanteau, tea, coffee, ham and eggs... - Charles Dickens\nIt's all about proximity. - Taylor Rasted\nWithout courage, wisdom bears no fruit. - Baltasar Gracián\nNever say anything about yourself you do not want to come true. - Brian Tracy\nChildren aren't happy without something to ignore, And that's what parents were created for. - Ogden Nash\nDon't be afraid of the darkLook insideGrab your heartLet it shineIf it's dark outsideShine your light - Will.i.am\nI write to get ideas out of my head - Bobbi Kay\nKnowledge cannot be maintained without character. - Raheel Farooq\nWithout forgiveness, there is no healing. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nAt each moment, our seemingly objective world emerges from the dancing of consciousness with a single untruth: that there is something out there which is not us. - Eric Micha'el Leventhal\nNow, a plain word here about the Christian church trying to carry on in its own power: That kind of Christianity makes God sick, for it is trying to run a heavenly institution after an earthly manner. - A.W. Tozer\nI'm not perfect,I won't be. But I'm a human with mistakes and I'm coexisting with my mistakes - Mohammed Sekouty\nIf you aren't willing to keep looking for light in the darkest of places without stopping, even when it seems impossible, you will never succeed. - Amelia Shepherd\nEducation is the leading of human souls to what is best, and making what is best out of them. - John Ruskin\ncome on, you shouldn't continue to disturb your mind with everything. Avoid thinking about anything at all, leave something, keep something and think about something! - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah\nThose who look outside can only see an illusion. Those who look inside may see the reality. - Debasish Mridha\nPrayers are a very personal and sacred thing. One prays when one feels like. Feel disgusted when I see people forcing others to pray, carry out certain rituals or chant the prayers loudly on loudspeakers. - Neelam Saxena Chandra\nIt is often difficult to educate a child about the beauty of an open mind when he is a prisoner of societal conformity. - Debasish Mridha\nYouth is no protection; in the end, life scars us all. - C.W. Gortner\nI look at him questioningly. I don’t know anything about you.The cop looks down at himself and smiles wickedly. You know my feet are big. What else is left to know? - Mya Robarts\nDon't talk about love, But speak out of love cause most of the liars are only perfect of talking about nothing but passion & don't talk about justice, But speak out of justice cause most of the oppressors are only perfect of talking about nothing but rightness. - Ibrahim Aslan\nI don't worry about getting old. I'm old already. Only young people worry about getting old. When I was 65 I had cupid's eczema. I don't believe in dying. It's been done. I'm working on a new exit. Besides, I can't die now - I'm booked. - George Burns\nPeople love to read about sins and errors, but not their own. - Barbara Kingsolver\nNow there is one outstandingly important fact regarding Spaceship Earth, and that is that no instruction book came with it. - R. Buckminster Fuller\nThe energy of youth with the experience of age is a lethal combination. - Murad S. Shah\nYou’ll know that you and the vision are one when your actions flow out of a knowing that’s greater than your fears. Sure, you might be stunned by an obstacle, but it doesn’t determine your ultimate response. Your ultimate response comes from your true, authentic, pure voice. - Suzette Hinton\nHeroes are not made. They are born out of circumstances and rise to the occasion when their spirit can no longer coexist with the hypocrisy of injustice to others. - Shannon L. Alder\nIt's not about where you're going, but who you're going with, and having faith along the way. - Richard Bunnell\nA confident woman wears a smile and has this air of comfortability and pleasantness about her. - Jaachynma N.E. Agu\nWater is becoming a very scarce resource on a daily basis. Therefore, we need to teach communities to preserve it since we can't afford to live without water. - Gugu Mona\nA Woman in harmony with her spirit is like a river flowing.She goes where she will without pretense and arrives at her destination prepared to be herself and only herself - Maya Angelou\nPositive thinking does light out the darkness of one's mind - adziah aziz\nWhen everything has gone down, God wants youto look up - Richmond Akhigbe\nwere the last words that I wrote for you enough to tell youthat in my death the light that shone through my painful darknesswas a blinding vision of your eternal smile?cold scalpel's steel whispers tear at my very coreas I cling to my memories of you... - Xavier\nPatience, more than the ability to bear pains or endure waiting, is to be calm no matter what happens constantly take action to turn it to positive growth opportunities and have faith to believe that it will all work out in the end while you are waiting. - Roy T. Bennett\nA world without books would be a world not worth living in. - Eugenia Argerami\nWhat can I wish to the youth of my country who devote themselves to science? ...Thirdly, passion. Remember that science demands from a man all his life. If you had two lives that would not be enough for you. Be passionate in your work and in your searching. - Ivan Pavlov\nJust as all things speak about God to those that know Him, and reveal Him to those that love Him, they also hide Him from all those that neither seek nor know Him. - Blaise Pascal\nA flower blooms because she dreams and desires to do so. Nothing happens without a dream. - Debasish Mridha\nThe best thing about being neutral and not believing or disbelieving in anything is that the nature reveals the truth in front of you automatically. - Aishwarya Shiva Pareek\nEmerge yourself with love and live in the open.To not feel shy, forget about hell or heaven. - Debasish Mridha\nThat was the thing about love in my time: that it had no rationale. - Aaron Thorpe, \"On Loving Like a Human\" Songs of my Selfie\nAlways care about value—not about price. - Debasish Mridha\nRevere the unity of all-that-iscarry out your daily activities with compassion;if you do not limit your compassion,you yourself will not be limited. - Lao Tzu\nMuch has been made about the death of the novel and the end of literature as it’s seen to be assailed by technology, by the web, by the many and varied new forms of entertainment and culture. I don’t share that pessimism because I think it is one of the great inventions of the human spirit. - Richard Flanagan\nWrite from the heart. A book without a pulse is like a person without a spirit.\" Linda Radke, President of Five Star Publications - Linda F. Radke\nA phased decision can avoid there being a key moment when the moral issue about killing civilians has to be confronted. - Jonathan Glover\nI don't think people are meant to be by themselves. That's why you actually find someone you care about. It's important to let go of the little things, even if you can't let go all the way. Because nothing sucks more than feeling all alone, no matter how many people are around. - Scrubs J.D\nBeing able to read well in public and talk about your work in an engaging fashion is part of most writers' job specification. - Sara Sheridan\nThe truth is, if I were going to lose weight successfully, I would have to think about what I eat constantly. I cannot imagine a life more boring and a more time-consuming obsession than being preoccupied with what I eat. - Mindy Kaling\nWhen we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. -, naturalist, explorer, and writer (1838-1914) - John Muir\nThere is no opportunity for a sale at the success store.Find it yourself - Mohammed Sekouty\nYou can see a person without using your eyes,hear a person without using your ears,carry a person without using your hands,speak to a person without using your mouth,and move a person without using your feet. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nYou know you are a writer when you talk about your characters as if they were real people! - Wyketha K Parkman\nYou are pitiful, isolated individuals! You are bankrupts. Your role is played out. Go where you belong from now on into the dustbin of history! - Leon Trotksy\nComplaining is good for you as long as you're not complaining to the person you're complaining about. - Lynn Johnston\nI really like the topic about time is an Illusion and also this quote \"#Time Physical things are merely the collapse of psychic things into physical reality.\" - it's powerful. As much you repeat it as much powerful it gets. - Deyth Banger\nthe way to create art is to burn and destroyordinary concepts and to substitute themwith new truths that run down from the top of the headand out of the heart - Charles Bukowski\nSurviving in business is like surviving in the jungle;you must look for prey while on the lookout for predators. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nIf we could get on without a wife, Romans, we would all avoid that annoyance; but since nature has ordained that we can neither live very comfortably with them nor at all without them, we must take thought for our lasting well-being rather than for the pleasure of the moment.\nI don't know much about gods, but I think the river is a strong, brown god - T.S. Eliot\nYou can seek out good fortune, authority (power), and even a righteous life-partner...and find them all. But when all of this is gone...which it will be eventually, I wish you Peace, which is only found through Christ our Lord. - Joe Campos\nNo man is good enough to govern any woman without her consent. - Susan B. Anthony\nSmartass Disciple: Master, what do say about the truth itself ?Master of Stupidity: Like sex, no fun anymore if all is revealed. - Toba Beta\nIt is by continuing to put out good work that the artist best shows his gratitude. - Criss Jami\nLife & Death are beyond our control. We can’t control where, how, or when we are born & we can’t control where, how, or when we may die. Then why Worry about it. - RVM\nThat's the thing about being a former fat camp champ: when asked if I'd change my past if I could, I always answer no. The pain of being an overweight kid, the humiliation, make you think twice before ever cutting anyone else down. - Stephanie Klein\nAs outsiders looking in, my readers and I must reform how we think so we may open ourselves to new forms of knowledge. - Cristina Marrero\nI'm everyone everywhere with you without you unbound set free in limbo lost at sea. - Bryan Lee O'Malley\nWhat makes people tick? Life can be a trap of ennui, but imagery may be a redemptive escape from dullness. The iconic power and exuberance of images generate an inexorable addiction that needs to be gratified without respite. Here and now! (\"Give me more images\") - Erik Pevernagie\nThe easiest way to be inscrutable is to be completely straightforward and honest. Then no one will be able to figure out what you’re up to. - George Hammond\nA bind is when you're quadriplegic, suicidal about that and unable to persuade your best friend to murder you. - Brian Spellman\nWhat wondrous life in this I leadRipe apples drop about my head - Andrew Marvell\nWithout War, there would be no such thing as Peace - Kayla Lynn De Niz Viera\nRemember... It's a jungle out there! - James King\nThe fruits of all our labors have left us as we started. To grow without is not to grow within.\nA religious person without no job is a dead person. (Iigbagbo ti koni ise oku ni. - Yoruba proverb) - Habeeb Akande\nWhat do I know about sex? I'm a married man. - Tom Clancy\nCynically speaking, one could say that it is true to life to be cynical about it. - Paul Tillich\nno matter how hard your shell is on the out side you will aways find some one who loves you - Kelly Armstrong\nKnowledge is all about knowing it and Intelligence is all about using it - Prabakaran Thirumalai\nYour life will reflect what you persistently think about. - Debasish Mridha\nThere’s no other way but work, work and work. Read widely, live wildly, plumb the depths of your­self, turn your­self inside out until you find your voice - Claire Meadows\nWhen everything goes to hell, the people who stand by you without flinching -- they are your family. - Jim Butcher\nLet a joy keep you. Reach out your hands and take it when it runs by. - Carl Sandburg\n[about a hat] You can put it on and say, \"Hey you, person without a hat! I've got something you don't! How did I get it? Probably by being worth more to society. - Alice LeGrow\nWe do not belong to those who have ideas only among books, when stimulated by books. It is our habit to think outdoors - walking, leaping, climbing, dancing, preferably on lonely mountains or near the sea where even the trails become thoughtful. - Nietzsche\n...anyone looking at you would write you off as a brainless nincompoop with about as much intelligence as a dead rabbit. - P.G. Wodehouse\nWhen Christians sing about the wrath of God, we are singing about ourselves. - Russell D. Moore\nDon't waste today by talking about yesterday until it's finally tomorrow. - Tim Fargo\nEveryone wants to protect their heart, but without pain, one can never have joy. - Jaycee Ford\nIt's not about the extent to which something happened or did not happen; it's whether we choose to confront evil and call it what it is, or simply let it pass because it 'wasn't enough of a big deal'. - Joyce Rachelle\nOut of life's school of war: What does not destroy me, makes me stronger. - Friedrich Nietzsche\nHope is like a piece of string when you're drowning; it just isn't enough to get you out by itself.\nNo need for miracles to do the impossible if we have beliefs,will and insistence - Mohammed Sekouty\nIn the long run, We Realize that life without one gender,would end up boring - Maurys Gaucho\nAIMS without MEANS are USELESS. - shaikh mustafa\nThe struggle is never easy to finding what is lost and to gain the best of what is to come without sweat. - Auliq Ice\nThe commendable thing about life is that it is always one step ahead of you, no matter how much you do or how little. So you can only expect that if you give your best, life will only give/be better.P.S To say that attitude matters is trivial. To know that attitude matters is mandatory. - Preeti Bhonsle\nABATIS, n. Rubbish in front of a fort, to prevent the rubbish outside from molesting the rubbish inside. - Ambrose Bierce\nWhat you keep alive is what you truly care about, no matter how many times you die in the process. - Shannon L. Alder\nYou cannot open a book without learning something. - Confucius\nVisible objects therefore do not perish utterly, since nature repairs one thing from another and allows nothing to be born without the aid of another's death. - Titus Lucretius Carus\nA rumor without a leg to stand on will get around some other way. - John Tudor\nThe reason that lovers never weary each other is because they are always talking about themselves.\nEvery good product I've ever seen is because a group of people cared deeply about making something wonderful that they and their friends wanted. They wanted to use it themselves. - Steve Jobs\nBenjy's greatest wish was for a place where the echelon was clear to all, where the powerful cared for the weak and the weak gave their respect without being coerced. He longed for balance, order, right and pleasure. - André Alexis\nDuring my life journey I've discovered an interesting thing; once you stop seeking outside you discover what already resides within. - Rasheed Ogunlaru\nLife is too precious to worry about what could or will happen. Life is..what you make it - E'yen A. Gardner\nNo writer can be the ‘Master of the Words’ without loving them! Loving is the way for Mastering! No Love, no Master! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nPeople talk about history and things like slavery, genocide, and religious persecution as horrors that happened in the past because we were ignorant. But nothing's changed. We still hate what we don't understand. - J. Matthew Nespoli\nThe best defense is to change and adapt without losing values and morals. - Debasish Mridha\nMake yourself feel good. Be enthusiastic about your day. - Tara Estacaan\nOutsource your anxieties to God. This 'outsourcing' will help you in such a way that you will become only a witness to adverse situations, without becoming a part of the problem yourself. - Sanchita Pandey\nOnly those who believe can achieve what others merely dream about. However, without these same dreams we will achieve little. Dream AND believe to ACHIEVE!!! - Leslie Austin\nOur failures make us who we are; they build our character, we are defined by what we do with them, and how we respond to adversity. Without failure there is no growth, no striving for better, no adjusting, or dusting yourself off to try again. - J.W. Lord\nA book is a magical thing that lets you travel to far-away places without ever leaving your chair. - Katrina Mayer\nwant people to rock out in the car and not care that people are watching, I love that feeling when the sequences are all perfect and you can just press play. I want the music to take you on a journey. - Blake Lewis\nThe natural ambition of woman is through marriage to climb up, leaning upon a man; but those days are gone. You shall be great without the help of any man, just as you are. - Swami Vivekananda\nThe best things and the best people rise out of their separateness; I'm against a homogenized society because I want the cream to rise. - Robert Frost\nDentro de cada um o seu escuro. E nesse escuro mora quem inventamos. Somos nós quem enchemos o escuro com os nossos medos. - Mia Couto\nAn introvert talks more than an extrovert because when the mouth is closed, the mind is opened. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nMa wrong about one thing. When I was girl, she only talk about love in the marriage. [...] Nobody tell me what make real marriage--respect. - Thrity Umrigar\nIn life, most short cuts end up taking longer than taking the longer route. - Suzy Kassem\nYou never can change the reality without changing the perception. - Debasish Mridha\nA physicist is an atom's way of knowing about atoms. - George Wald\nLife isn't a life without fitness. - Mohith Agadi\nLife is about what is happening, not what has happened and what will happen. Let’s live it to the fullest. - Aaron Pal Sen\nTo stuck in the comfort zone is to never find out what you are capable of. - Vitali Zverev\nLove ~ Truth ~ Freedom are three words that mean the same, and none may exist without the other present. - Alexia Penteleόn de aRcturi\nSkiing combines outdoor fun with knocking down trees with your face. - Dave Barry\nComplacency happens almost without notice. Check and renew your heart daily. - Jim George\nWhat you believe you can receive if you doubt it you will do without it. - JoCecelia Shinn\nIt is one thing to have the gift of seeing the spirits and hearing the Gods who move about us as we come and go; but it is a gift of darkness as well as light. - Mary Stewart\nThe simple fact is that neither an efficiently successful HOW nor a compelling persuasive WHY is sufficient on its own..without the other to bring about impactful sustainable improvement. - Robert M. Olsen\nSelf-serving biases and self-centered agendas are cotton jammed in the ears of our conscience. Even if truth shouts, we can’t hear it. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nWhat rubs off on me is hard to rub off. So, I’d better figure out what I rubbing up against. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nDo not worry about who get the credit or praise of the work done. Continue work to give your best.Your reward may come unexpected. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nHe was sceptical about the value of almost all work, save for the pleasure it gives the worker,' reported Virginia Woolf. 'He works only because he likes it. - Richard Davenport-Hines\nI could write novels about her forever. Maybe when I die I will end up in the poem with her writing more poems about our times together. The Diary - Jeremy Limn\nIf you truly want LOVE to enter your Heart, you HAVE to give a DAMN about what's going on around you!! - AainaA-Ridtz\nDid you know that Christmas means Christ (Jesus) and mas (a celebration)? The story about Jesus is found in the name of that special day when we celebrate His birth! - Soraya Diase Coffelt\nNo man can be happy without a friend, nor be sure of his friend until he is unhappy. - Thomas Fuller\nFollow what you love!...Don't deign to ask what \"they\" are looking for out there. Ask what you have inside. Follow not your interests, which change, but what you are and what you love, which will and should not change.\nOn aime sa mère presque sans le savoir, et on ne prend conscience de toute la profondeur des racines de cet amour qu au moment de la séparation dernière. - Guy de Maupassant\nThere are no places in this world where the chit can be concentrated. Without the chit attaining steady-state; the chit can’t be blissful. There are places where the mind can attain a steady state but there are no places where chit’s steady-state can be attained. - Dada Bhagwan\nIt turned out keeping reality bound by mathematical laws was a useful hack preventing the Devil from existing. - Scott Alexander\nBabies smile without any reason. Be like a baby. - Debasish Mridha\nI think this mass surveillance by the NSA was never about terrorism: It's all about economic spying & social control. It's all about POWER. - Ziad K. Abdelnour\nA good character is not only about the good person people know you to be. Your ability to tell the truth about how bad you had been is also a good character. - Israelmore Ayivor\nWhen it come to working out: It would seem, the days we feel like it the least are the days we need it the most. - Mark W. Boyer\nI’ve created the most beautiful things out of my sadness. - Anonymous\nFeelings are murky, contrived and confusing. And the worst thing about them is no matter how hard you try, you can never sort them. They tangle more and more with thinking. - Saru Singhal\nTrue happiness can only be found when you stop worrying about yourself and try to look out for those around you.Helping people can give your life meaning and joy. Don't expect anything in return spread happiness and get peace, there is nothing more valuable than peace.. - AribaZafar\nOne of the most unique aspects among many about the USA is that our transitions of 'power' have almost always been peaceful. This is very unique in all of history and in the world today\". - R. Alan Woods\nPower is the gem of necessity. Without observing power, identity remains undiscovered. - Lionel Suggs\nHate will only eat the truth, then spit out a lie. - Anthony Liccione\nDon't expect people to change until you change your perceptions about people. - Debasish Mridha\nIt is very easy to fall in the ocean of love and feel great,but it's difficult to get out of the river of love and forget. - Debasish Mridha\nDon’t ask a yes or no question unless the person being asked can say no without hesitation. - Clifford Cohen\nWhen you work with kids who have autism, they don't reciprocate any affection. You learn to find your self- worth within what you do, not what people tell you about yourself.\nAwaken each day with the expectation that something wonderful is about to happen. - Charles F. Glassman\nBeing passionate about something is the most beautiful characteristic you can develop. - Charlotte Eriksson\nWhat is human beauty based on? It is based on how much egoism one has. Gnani Purush (the enlightened one) is without egoism so his beauty is beyond words! - Dada Bhagwan\nAs far as my experience of matrimony goes -- I think it tends to draw you out of, and away from yourself. - Charlotte Brontë\nAgeing shouldn't drain out your desires. With ageing one should do things which they have never explored or always wanted to do. - Premchand Shetty\nConcerning that which cannot be talked about, we should not say anything. - Ludwig Wittgenstein\nWe try so hard to make ourselves lovable, and yet each layer of this mask puts another wall around us a wall that keeps love out. - Vironika Tugaleva\nLSD stands out for learning to slow down. - Santosh Kalwar\nInspiring leadership communication is not about great oratory or great charisma; rather it is about getting others to believe in themselves and believe in your cause, and then achieve more than they thought was possible. - Kevin Murray\nAdopt your own view and adapt with others' views - Mohammed Sekouty\nMother Teresa didn't walk around complaining about her thighs -- she had shit to do. - Sarah Silverman\nLife is never a static journey. Life goes on! Life is about step taking. For everything I need to know about life, I need to take a step - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah\nYou can't be creative without criticism. If your life is without critics then maybe you are painting your life's masterpiece with only a broken brown crayon. - Shannon L. Alder\nIn youth we learn; in age we understand. - Marie Ebner von Eschenbach\nYou get what you give. What you put into things is what you get out of them. - Jennifer Lopez\nGone are the days when women were attracted by a man's hansomeness. Today, we are talking about cash, and your compromise to become a tiger in bed. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nREAL Leaders are experts at bringing out the best in others... Thinking , feelings and actions. They improve their teams' thinking skills and Mindsets. - Tony Dovale\nFamily isnt about blood relationships, its about the meaning behind them. I relize now that sharing chromosoms is not the only way to having a family, its about the friendship behind it. - Sarah Dessen\nSpend more time doing things that make you forget about the time. - Charlotte Eriksson\nYou will be my souvenir in American summer,when all I can think about are Parisian springs. - Lori Jenessa Nelson\nNo book can be written till it wants to be written, till it shouts to be written, and raises up a persistent din in the writer's head. And then, if you want peace, you just have to pull it out and freeze it in print. Nothing less would do. - Jyoti Arora\nSentiment without action is the ruin of the soul. - Edward Abbey\nThe worst thing about being a writer is having to pretend you know what you're talking about. - Marty Rubin\nLearn, relearn and outlearn. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nDo not let anyone to cage your freedom. Fight for your Freedom and dignity - Mohammed Sekouty\nSound, sound the clarion, fill the fife, Throughout the sensual world proclaim, One crowded hour of glorious life, Is worth an age without name.\nSometimes people with low self-esteem will try to punish you for caring about them. - Wayne Gerard Trotman\nWithout struggles, success would be meaningless. - Peprah Boasiako\nPoets, with no sponsors, no agenda, are the truest form of freedom today, bleeding out every drop of themselves for the world to either hate or devour. - Jason E. Hodges\nPolitical power grows out of the barrel of a gun. - Mao Tse-tung\nOh. My. God.’ she said, pointing out of the window. ‘Do you know what that is?’I nodded and said, ‘I think I may have seen it before.’‘That,’ said Florida, ‘is the Moonyouidiot. - Frank Cottrell Boyce\nYou can make heaven out of hell, or hell out of heaven. The choice is yours. - Shannon L. Alder\nLife grants nothing to us mortals without hard work. - Horace\nThe greatest thing about writing is that you get to shape more than one life. - Katja Michael\nAmericans adore me and will go on adoring me until I say something nice about them. - George Bernard Shaw\nOs defeitos que vemos nos outros nunca parecem tão terríveis como os que vemos em nós... - Raymond E. Feist\nFreedom without structure is its own slavery. - David Brooks\nWords without actions are the assassins of idealism. - Herbert Hoover\nThe painful truth about life is not death but death while you are alive. - Santosh Kalwar\nEvery night I tell my children all of the things that I love about them. I tell them how proud I am of their accomplishments and how much better our lives have been since they were born. I hope they will always realize how much they are loved and valued. I feel so blessed that they are in my life. - Tom Giaquinto\nI try to live without you,everytime I do I feel dead. - Three Days Grace\nIn solitude, you will find yourself; in crowds, you will find others! You need both of them: Solitude and crowds; yourself and others! Without others, what to do with yourself? Without yourself, what to do with others? - Mehmet Murat ildan\nWe find it hard to apply the knowledge of ourselves to our judgment of others. The fact that we are never of one kind, that we never love without reservations and never hate with all our being cannot prevent us from seeing others as wholly black or white. - Eric Hoffer\nAnger can be defeated by controlling our emotions without upsetting the nerves. - Munia Khan\nKids are flat-out freaking hilarious if you are paying attention. Not just my kid, but every kid. - Dan Alatorre\nOften it isn't the mountains ahead that wear you out, it's the little pebble in your shoe. - Muhammad Ali\nThe Monster Ball is by nature a protest: A youth church experience to speak out and celebrate against all forms of discrimination + prejudice. - Lady Gaga\nYour worth cannot be determined by the value others place on you it can only be determined by what you know to be true about yourself - Blake Higginbotham\nWithout love and forgiveness, how could there be happiness? - Debasish Mridha\nFie, fie upon her! There's language in her eye, her cheek, her lip, Nay, her foot speaks; her wanton spirits look out at every joint and motive of her body. - William Shakespeare\nTo know who you are without any delusions or sympathy is a moment of revelation that no one experiences unscathed. (Brom, Eragon) - Christopher Paolini\nWithout knowing failure how can we know success? - Nabil N. Jamal\nEvery artist has thousands of bad drawings in them and the only way to get rid of them is to draw them out. - Chuck Jones\nIf we had less people who don't know what they are talking about acting like they know what they are talking about, then that's one step closer to making the world a better place. - Ryan Letourneau\nit is important to reignite our compassion for others because without it we will be lost in the sea of suffering - Radhe Maa\nIt is impossible to trap modern physics into predicting anything with perfect determinism because it deals with probabilities from the outset. - Sir Arthur Eddington\nIf you care about something enough, you'll find a way to make it happen. - Roy T. Bennett\nAn awakened man who is driven by his heart and soul, can touch the heart of a woman he loves, without touching her - Angie karan\nHope and faith goes hand-in-hand, because without hope there is no faith. The same goes with want and needs, without any wants, there no need to have a need - Temitope Owosela\nWithout taking the risk of falling, no one can learn how to walk. - Debasish Mridha\nA book is a mirror; if an ass peers into it, you can not expect an apostle to peer out. - Georg Christoph Lichtenberg\nHe sent Jesus to come and to talk to us and then allowed him to be killed so that the spirit that lived in Jesus could go out into all the earth and speak to you right where you are in your heart. Right now. - Lacey Sturm\nA wind starts to blow, without feelings,A song falls in love, without singing,A life will begin in melodies of the strings,May you find all pleasure of the light,God bless, Warrior of Light! - Santosh Kalwar\nAuthority to dream is not given, it is taken. Take it. Do not let the judgment of others be the final word. Without a doubt, if there is a one-word, one-step cure for bad peg moments, that word is perseverance. Let that be your final word. - J. Loren Norris\nNever outgrow your imagination. - Teresa Mummert\nWhen you love someone, you can just live without it. You desire to connect and communicate. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nLife is not about being complacent, its all about being competent. - Chandan Sharma\nShe walked among the stars,The princess of the heavens,Looking for the one who caught her crystal tearsThat spilled out from liquid ice blue eyes-Rolling down pale cheeks-Then sealed up tenderly...In pearl alabaster jars... - Kallista Pendragon\nIf women want rights more than they got, why don't they just take them, and not be talking about it. - Sojourner Truth\nYour best friends should bring out the best in you. If they don't, lose them; they are no friends. - Ziad K. Abdelnour\nI think many people kill themselves simply to stop the debate about whether they will or they won't. - Susanna Kaysen\nThe inclusion of dreams is the only viable supplement to the absence of more favourable outcomes. - Benjamin Meadows\nBiblical spirituality means powerlessness, living without embellishment or pretense, free to be faithful in the gospel, and free from anxiety about effectiveness or similar illusions of success. - William Stringfellow\nDoing the things you hate is living in a world of sin. Hell is staying in the place Jesus saved you from. That is, to live on your own, without God. - J.R. Rim\nWhen we meet beautiful people, what we see on the outside doesn’t always reflect what’s on the inside - Lori Hatcher\nI find it hard to respect someone just because they outrank me - Ender Wiggin\nWe all need something to believe in. Without those beliefs we're just floating particles moving through the space time continuum. - Solange nicole\nA body without compassion is like the rose without the scent. - Ansul Noor\nAll story fiction is both truth that happens and never happens. Fiction is always about humanity, even if no subject is humanitarian or even human. - Richard Bunning\nThose suffering from terminal falsehood seek out each other, like a drunk seeks out a wall so that he doesn't fall down. - Stefan Molyneux\nA friend is a person whom you can love without judging and share your thoughts without fearing. - Debasish Mridha\nCool posts and kind comments make friends. Think about others online. NetworkEtiquette.net - David Chiles\nPolitics:Lies about the truth,or the truth about lies? - Silverwolf\nWhen asked about which scientist he'd like to meet, said, \"Isaac Newton. No question about it. The smartest person ever to walk the face of this earth. The man was connected to the universe in spooky ways. He discovered the laws of motion, the laws of gravity, the laws of optics. Then he turned 26. - Neil deGrasse Tyson\nI won't lie—I don't care.And you should quit trying to deceive yourself because I can tell by the way you show no desire to do anything but complain about the issue that you don't honestly care either. - Richelle E. Goodrich\nThis is why we said 'ain't'and 'he don't'.We wanted words to fitour cold linoleum,our oil lamps, ourouthouse. We knewbetter but it was wrongto use a languagethat named ghosts,nothing you could touch. - Vern Rustsala\nSometimes when Anna is talking to Louise she sees words coming out of her mouth like fistfuls of stones. But she doesn't intend to spew stones; it's simply the only way Anna knows how to takl to her mother. - Jessica Anya Blau\nYou can’t make someone feel good about themselves until you feel good aboutyourself. - Robin S. Sharma\nsuicide is not just killing yourself, but the world outside - Mayank Sharma\nFight for what you want out of this one life. - Jonathan Anthony Burkett\nOnly youth has a taste of immortality. - D.H. Lawrence\nRemind me to thank God I don’t have a sister.Caine eyed him critically. He was a filthy heap of blood and soot and sand stuck to the gun oil on his face. Yeah, without much enthusiasm. I’ll thank Him for ya. - V.S. Carnes\nTremendous beauty and tremendous ugliness puts you on the outside of things. - Peter Bogdanovich\n(about cats) They also resist our calls to come, to move, to obey, to present themselves, to do all the things that dogs do so easily. This drives some people crazy. Cats do not even care what drives us crazy! - Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson\nStop worrying whether the grass is greener on the other side. Find out how to own the other side. - Ashwin Sanghi\nGuard your heart:Mysterious things happen in there.Stand as the watchman of your soul,And be careful about what you let in.For, therefrom, come all your life's issues. - Manuela George-Izunwa\nYou want to know what I loved about him? Everything. From a freckle on his ass down to his undying selfish need to always be right. - Dominic Riccitello\nGood sex is about knowing each other's deepest and kinkiest desires. - Abhijit Naskar\nA stupid is one who thinks that those in power today had clandestine means of getting there, yet wants to get there without thinking of the clandestine route they would be taking. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nAlways ignore hateful attitude and rude behavior of the people. They are powerless without your response. - Bushra Zarrar Rana\nTotal knowledge is annihilation Of the desire to see, to touch, to feel The world sensed only through senses And immune to the knowledge without feeling. - Dejan Stojanovic\nFor Jesus, it was about the Father and us. It was not about Him. Could we say the same about ourselves? From the book: Removing Your Shame Label. - Eddie Capparucci, LPC\nNever develop any mysticism, about love; for love itself is a mystic thing that puts you in a mystic situation. - Auliq Ice\nLife is all about experiencing the good and the bad part of life. Good part gives you good memories and bad part teaches you good lessons in your life. - Sujish Kandampully\nBut without doubts, without a standpoint reached through questionings, human beings can't acquire knowledge. - Ayaan Hirsi Ali\nTo travel is to live. Breathe some life into your life and go outside! - Richie Norton\nThe greatest service, you can do, to the existence, is serving yourself. If you serve yourself and take care of, yourself, anything that comes out of you, will add meaning and beauty to life. - Roshan Sharma\nWalking out with the people, I didn't know which was more exciting, the air race, the parachute jump that failed, or the cunt. - Charles Bukowski\nIntegrity is the best attire to put on because the without integrity one cannot conceal his nakedness. - Gugu Mona\nRansomware is more about manipulating vulnerabilities in human psychology than the adversary's technological sophistication - James Scott\nRegard for the past only extends to its outward forms. - Henrik Bering\nHorses don't speak, but they communicate through body language. If you look very closely, you'll find out your horse has been trying to talk to you every day. - Sheikha Hissa Hamdan Al Maktoum\nHow could you live life without listen to music? - Lailah Gifty Akita\nThe only thing scarier than death is the disappearance from youth. - Marc Spitz\nAnd then the finale, its four modest notes. Do, re, fa, mi: half a jumbled scale. Too simple to be called invented. But the thing spills out into the world like one of those African antelopes that fall from the womb, still wet with afterbirth but already running. - Richard Powers\nDon’t do it! Don’t you dare think about giving up! EVERYTHING has a process. Work with the process, not against it. Move forward with purpose and never stop believing. You can do this! You know you can. - Stephanie Lahart\nI want you here. I don't care if it's a hundred degrees and every blade of grass dies. Without you, none of that matters to me. - Kami Garcia\nIt’s about the possibility, or otherwise, of meaning in the world. And the possibility, or otherwise, of writing. And the possibility, or otherwise, of the resolution of everything into some coherent, cogent vision. - Tom McCarthy\nYou can't help someone get up a hill without getting closer to the top yourself. - H. Norman Schwarzkopf\nBy talking to yourself every hour of the day, you can direct yourself to think thoughts of courage and happiness, thoughts of power and peace. By talking to yourself about the things you have to be grateful for, you can fill your mind with thoughts that soar and sing. - Dale Carnegie\nWhy not make a daily pleasure out a daily necessity. - Peter Mayle\nThroughout the ages, the wisdom has been taught. Now the language has changed, and truth is given in the language of science. - Compton Gage\nI signaled the bus-driver and he stopped the bus for me right outside the cottage, and I flew down the steps of the bus straight into the arms of the waiting mother. - Roald Dahl\nThe new music, the bebop and modern jazz, wasn't music to him. It was choppy noise pretending to make music out of traffic jams. - Richard Flanagan\nThey say that dreams are only real as long as they last. Couldn't you say the same thing about life? - Richard Linklater, Waking Life\nThere is no vice so simple but assumes some mark of virtue on his outward parts. - William Shakespeare\nThe inside and the outside of our lives are each the shell where we learn to live. - Jeanette Winterson\nThe real spiritual leader is focused on the service he and she can render to God and other people, not on the residuals and perks of high office or holy title. We must aim to put more into life than we take out. - J. Oswald Sanders\nThe best accessory for an outfit like this is a grim-looking buddy by my side.\nI am too sick to be out of bed, too crazy to sleep, and am surrounded by horrors. - Horace Greeley\nA movie that gets closer to the life's reality of the society finds always more words of mouth publicity in entirety. - Testy McTesterson\nLove makes you free without an asterisk mark. - Sarvesh Jain\nOptimism is denial for chumps with no life experience\".\"What's pessimism?\" I said.\"Religion without God. - Jonathan Kellerman\nI recommend getting yourself out from under any ministry that PREACHES LAW or a MIXTURE OF LAW AND GRACE, and instead listening to or reading anything you can find to reinforce the GRACE MESSAGE. - Paul Silway\nOf course I’ve gone mad with power! Have you ever tried going mad without power? It’s boring and no one listens to you!— Russ Cargill - Matt Groening\nWhen you admire the light, remember to give the darkness its due as well, because without it, the beauty of the light will disappear! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nAmericans worship creativity the way they worship physical beauty - as a way of enjoying elitism without guilt: God did it. - Florence King\nNothing is more admirable than the fortitude with which millionaires tolerate the disadvantages of their wealth. - Rex Stout\nAll you need to know about the light is in being in the dark. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nA man without trust is a man without life.\nNever expect someone to care for you or to care for your feelings and emotions, Everyone's fucking heartless, people just don't give a damn about your stupid feelings or your boring stories. People only know how to fool you around for their own benefits... - Taimoor Madni\nDon’t become bigoted about bigots. - Scott Ross\nTime may be defined as \" dimension governed by activity.\" Dimension diminishes with inactivity so does the value of time. - Moutasem Algharati\n[About describing atomic models in the language of classical physics:]We must be clear that when it comes to atoms, language can be used only as in poetry. The poet, too, is not nearly so concerned with describing facts as with creating images and establishing mental connections. - Niels Bohr\nSome of our friends put our enemies out of work. - Jett\nYour favorite author knows you too well, without knowing you at all. - Vanshika Dhyani\nThe pain of aloneness and pointlessness is piercing. It demands relief. That single fact that the pain of living apart from God is unbearable exposes our sinfulness as horribly grotesque and foolish. We insist on finding relief without coming to God on His terms. - Larry Crabb\nI'm interested in the way in which the past affects the present and I think that if we understand a good deal more about history, we automatically understand a great more about contemporary life. - Toni Morrison\nHardships are the Lord's greatest blessings to the believer. Without them we would love the Lord only for what He does for us. Our troubles teach us to love Him for who He is.\" Sister Norton in \"The Preacher's Bride - Jody Hedlund\nA person's Acts of #Kindness far outlives their lifespan,for they leave behind a true, meaningful legacy. - Michael Levy\nLife became more aligned when I started taking some of the advice I'd been dishing out to my friends. - Paula Heller Garland\nThe Word of God gives birth to thoughts about God and about the knowledge of God. - Sunday Adelaja\nNever compare your inside with somebody else's outside. - Hugh Macleod\nWhen you begin to fantasize about what you don't have, you begin to kill what you do have. #marriage - Jayce O'Neal\nIf you know how it is to be without food then you will appreciate your daily provisions. - Lailah GiftyAkita\nOur thoughts, feelings and whereabouts: Food we dish up on plates called photographs and status updates; to feed Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.; beasts with insatiable appetites. - Mokokoma Mokhonoana\nWorking hard is important, but there's something that matters even more. Believing in yourself. Think of it this way: Every great wizard in history has started out as nothing more than we are now. Students. If they can do it, why not us? - J.K. Rowling\nThe truth about true love is that it is endless. - Gugu Mona\n​\"But you can thank God the Lord for His inconceivable goodness, which can be recognized daily and hourly throughout your entire existence, if only you honestly try! Your whole life shall therefore become a thanksgiving! - Abd-Ru-Shin\nSuccess is not about impressing and pleasing everyone, but setting your own goals, and achieving them in your own time. - Auliq Ice\nLove's reason's without reason. - William Shakespeare\nIt was like trying to bail out an ocean of water with a teaspoon. - Jodi Picoult\nWe won’t be able to sleep without the sound of her self-loathing orgasms crying out into the night.\" —Bats 2015 - Fred Barnett\nWe love to buy books because we believe we're buying the time to read them.[Inside Out (VH1)] - Warren Zevon\nI chew the inside of my lip, considering for a second what it would be like to slap this skinny little witch right across her tight-lipped little face. ~Kelly about Suni - Bill Blais\nO God, help me to believe the truth about myself, no matter how beautiful it is. - Macrina Wiederkehr\nDon't care about *new* mistakes you are going to make, take care that you don't just repeat older ones. - Prerak Trivedi\nJust about a month from now I'm set adrift, with a diploma for a sail and lots of nerve for oars. - Richard Halliburton\nmy best may not be the best, but that is the best. The more I give out my best to people, the more they give out their worse, but that is also the best; for even Jesus Christ faced the worst. - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah\nHusbands are like fires - they go out when unattended. - Zsa Zsa Gabor\nI look at this life as a puzzle without all the pieces in the box. - Jonathan Anthony Burkett\nNobody can hurt me without my permission. - Mahatma Gandhi\nThe crazy thing about poetry is how its simplicity makes it complicated. - Richelle E. Goodrich\nLet's go invent tomorrow instead of worrying about what happened yesterday. - Steve Jobs\nI applied mine heart to know, and to search, and to seek out wisdom, And the reason of things, And to know the wickedness of folly, even of foolishness and madness: And I find more bitter than death, the woman, whose heart is snares and nets, and her hands as bands- - Compton Gage\nWithout knowing every single detail in a man’s life, we cannot judge whether he is a good person or not! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nIf you are complaining about life, it is because you are thinking only about yourself.\nDon't think about waht other's think of you. Matter of fact don't think at all,just be you. Do what you feel. No one else matters. - Emma Michelle\nSuccess is all about patience. - Junaid Raza\nAn event in which you did not achieve your desired outcome (definition of failure). - Steven K. Scott\nLife flows as a whole, both inside and out, but you divide life with your mind, both inside and outside. - Roshan Sharma\nKids are never the problem. They are born scientists. The problem is always the adults. They beat the curiosity out of kids. They outnumber kids. They vote. They wield resources. That's why my public focus is primarily adults. - Neil deGrasse Tyson\nOne must have a heart of stone to read the death of Little Nell without laughing. - Oscar Wilde\nUnfortunately sometimes one can't do what one thinks is right without making someone else unhappy. - W. Somerset Maugham\nWe would like to move on, move up, move around, move in, move down, move out; but none of us are moving. - Anthony Liccione\nJustice does not come from the outside. It comes from inner peace. - Barbara Hall\nOn with you, horse-taming Trojans! Never give Greeks best in your will to fight! They are not made of stone or iron. Their flesh can't keep out penetrating spears when they are hit. - Homer\nI don't know very much but what I do know I know better than anybody, and I don't want to argue about it…My mind is not a bed to be made and re-made. - James Agate\nReligion without humanity is poor human stuff. - Sojourner Truth\nHumanity suffers because most of us are living in our prison of fixed, false beliefs and we don't want to get out of it. - Debasish Mridha\nI want to take a break from everything,to find out if.....i'm still ALIVE! - Mareez Reyes\nGive and receive with gratitude. Do the former, without expectation of, the latter. - Jaeda DeWalt\nSometimes you have to keep a considerable amount of distance with people; Let them stay on the outside, looking in.. - Andrea L'Artiste\nNothing good ever comes out of hurry and frustration, only misery. - Auliq Ice\nThere's nothing wrong with you. There's a lot wrong with the world you live in. And definitely get out of high school and make everyone sorry. - Chris Colfer\nToday is the tomorrow you worried about yesterday.\nThank God I've wasted my youth already. I don't want to do that again. - Greg Deane\nThoughts are wakeful dreams without the pictures. - Debasish Mridha\nI just got out of the hospital. I was in a speed-reading accident. I hit a bookmark. - Steve Wright\nA year ago I came here without a nickle in my pocket, now, I've got a nickle in my pocket. - Groucho Marx\nI am constantly torn between the will to be seen and still hidden so god damn well, a contradiction I never figured out. - Charlotte Eriksson\nOne of the happiest moments of life is when you learn to love without expecting any return. - Debasish Mridha\nThe Best Sword that Kills without a Wound:- Words...! - Rishi Sethi\nArt thou a man? thy form cries out thou art: Thy tears are womanish; thy wild acts denote The unreasonable fury of a beast: Unseemly woman in a seeming man! Or ill-beseeming beast in seeming both! - William Shakespeare\nDon't worry about being effective. Just concentrate on being faithful to the truth. - Dorothy Day\nOur destiny is not mapped out for us by some exterior power; we map it out for ourselves. What we think and do in the present determines what shall happen to us in the future. - Christian D. Larson\nPractice mercy and forgiveness throughout as a lesson that symbolizes the love shown through his crucifixion. - Unarine Ramaru\nDon't think about how you look. Think about how you feel. For yourself and for others. Inside and outside. - Premchand Shetty\nYou'd be surprised how easy some things can be, things you never thought you'd do, when you take self-respect out of the equation. - Sarah Addison Allen\nYou can't see the light without darkness, take a look at the dark side of another point of view, you will find the meaning of darkness are essentially - Eldy Reynanda\nListening is about being present, not just about being quiet. I meet others with the life I’ve lived, not just with my questions. - Krista Tippett\nFools only crib about what they do not have. They do not count their blessings. - Radhe Maa\nWhen a man finds this kind of woman, he will go all out for her knowing that she will not be a letdown. - Jaachynma N.E. Agu\nAny purpose will be entirely purposeless unless it completely exceeds my ability to achieve it for only then is there room for God, and without God purpose of even the most magnificent sort remains utterly and abjectly purposeless. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nTake a walk outside - it will serve you far more than pacing around in your mind. - Rasheed Ogunlaru\nTo create reality, focus beyond the outcome, as if it has already happened. - Gregg Braden\nABOUT: KAHLIL GIBRAN \"His power came from some great reservoir of spiritual life else it could not have been so universal and so potent, but the majesty and beauty of the language with which he clothed it were all his own.\" -- - Claude Bragdon\nLike Puck I like it best when things turn out preposterously. - Marty Rubin\nHe saw that it was an ironical thing for him to be running thus toward that which he had been at such pains to avoid. But he said, in substance, to himself that if the earth and the moon were about to clash, many people would doubtless plan to get upon the roofs to witness the collision.\nIn Einstein's theory of relativity the observer is a man who sets out in quest of truth armed with a measuring-rod. In quantum theory he sets out with a sieve. - Sir Arthur Eddington\nStruggles not only make us into stronger, better and wiser people, they also let us learn more about ourselves and our purpose in life. - Auliq Ice\nWithout an adequate theory, reality is irrelevant.\nLook in the mirror and be sure you're living out the person you see and not a shadow. - Kemi Sogunle\nWhen Loughner himself speaks and we find out his real influences are Spiderman, 'Gnome Chomsky,' Taylor Swift, and Dr. Bronner, then what? - Walter Kirn\nWithout love life will be a flower garden without flowers. - Debasish Mridha\nTen years from now, no one is going to care how quickly the books came out. The only thing that will matter, the only thing anyone will remember, is how good they were. That's my main concern, and always will be. - George R.R. Martin\nWhen you are in the middle of a storm cloud it's hard to think outside of it, but the only way out of the storm is to ride through it and things will be a lot clearer on the other side - Jodi Ann Bickley\nThe only thing I’ve loved is nothing at all. The only thing I’ve desired is what I couldn’t even imagine. All I asked of life is that it go on by without my feeling it. All I demanded of love is that it never stop being a distant dream. - Fernando Pessoa\nThe pen is mightier than the sword as long as it doesn't run out of ink. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nGod will bring you a gift. However, it is up to you to stop shaking the same box and expecting something wonderful will fall out of it again. After a while, you are going to break that box and it won't remind you of that moment when it meant everything to you. - Shannon L. Alder\nWithout sense of direction, efforts land nowhere. - Saru Singhal\nLife Is All About Range - Jane Pastore Coleman\nWho so neglects learning in his youth, loses the past and is dead for the future. - Euripides\nIf you want to write a negative review, don't tickle me gently with your aesthetic displeasure about my work. Unleash the goddamn Kraken.\"[on Twitter, July 17, 2012] - Scott Lynch\nI tried to think outside the box but couldn't open the lid. - Alan Dapre\nThese words are all I have so I write them- I need them just to get by. - Fall Out Boy\nPeople change us. It is a rare, if not an impossible occurrence, that we come out of relationships unscathed. In our dealings with people we take something with us and we leave something behind. Some people are haunted more than others, either by the sweet perfume of another or the stink of regret. - Donna Lynn Hope\nWhenever it comes to love, Remember the part about having confidence. - Auliq Ice\nHealing is not always about completely healing but sometimes just lessening of the pain. - Matthew Donnelly\nA life without adversity is just bland existence. - Aaron Dennis\nShe has this curious heavy grace, like something out of its element making do in a heavier medium. Like she should be living in water. - Keri Hulme\nIf the churches, mosques and other religious centres could come together to embrace a nation’s value system, and then set out to disciple the nation in these values and virtues, then the greatness of such a nation is inevitable. - Sunday Adelaja\nI am happy not because I am without pain, but because I know I am not that pain. - Vironika Tugaleva\nSiri, what is the meaning of life? She answers: To think about questions like this. Huh. Good one. - Kim Wright\nA flower just blooms without knowing who will enjoy and appreciate her beauty. - Debasish Mridha\nI’ve never been bothered with my conduct. I’ve only been bothered by people that don’t get it correct when they gossip about me. - Shannon L. Alder\nHighly engaged teams have highly engaged leaders. Leaders must be about presence not productivity. Make meetings a no phone zone. - Janna Cachola\nIt’s because we help out when they’re in trouble that we can count on them to come running when we need it.-Shikamaru Nara - Masashi Kishimoto\nYou can get what you want in life.You must reach out with all your heart. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nReach out to the world. Be open. Help others and in doing so help yourself. - Independent Zen\nLove is God inside out. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nI have had my dream—like others—And it has come to nothing, so thatI remain now carelesslyWith feet planted on the ground,And look up at the sky—Feeling my clothes about me,The weight of my body in my shoes,The rim of my hat, air passing in and outAt my nose—and decide to dream no more. - William Carlos Williams\nWhat you don't think about when you're planning for children is when you're going to teach them how not to be killed - Darnell Lamont Walker\nOne opinion can make a fool out of a once wise person - Will Leamon\nProblems are solved from the inside out not the other way around. - Vivian Amis\nA word out of place or an interesting choice of vocabulary can spawn a whole character. - Sara Sheridan\nChrist has come into the world to lay out a garden wherein, amid splendor and abundance, there should thrive the violet of humanity, the myrtle of mortification, the rose of love, the lily of virginal souls, the laurel of confessors and the palm of martyrs. - Fr James Groenings\nSo very difficult a matter is it to trace and find out the truth of anything by history. - Plutarch\nHe wanted to believe it was of the Agency’s unwritten protocol; the less you know about your associates, the better it is for both of you professionally - Derek Haas\nOne gets recurrent thoughts about things he had insisted upon and about matters he formed opinions! - Dada Bhagwan\nWe confide in our strength, without boasting of it; we respect that of others, without fearing it. - Thomas Jefferson\nDon't worry about people, just love them. - Debasish Mridha\nIn the beginning of his sleep, he cried out, \"Flag!\"It was not his own voice that called. It was a boy's voice. Somewhere beyond the sink-hole, past the magnolia, under the live oaks, a boy and a yearling ran side by side, and were gone forever. - Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings\nI’ve known people that the world has thrown everything at to discourage them...to break their spirit. And yet something about them retains a dignity. They face life and don’t ask quarters. - Horton Foote\nMy mom is the most famous thing about my video blog. Everyone likes moms. People enjoy watching people's family. - Schlomo Rabinowitz\nI have been where you are now. I have felt the fears and resolved them. I have had the doubts and concerns and found the way forward.Lift up your head, and step ahead... - Moutasem Algharati\nIt’s what you believe about your ability that shapes your potential success. - Stan Beecham\nDon't let out your true behaviour in the public, even if you were born nasty, make others feel you were well bred. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nTalk about a dream,try to make it real - Bruce Springsteen\nI prize my downtime, count on it as a writer, a parent, a person. Sometimes I think of Woody Allen's remark about masturbation, that it is sex with someone he loves. I feel as though being alone is hanging out with someone I like. - Anna Quindlen\nMy life might not turn out to be easy I thought. I just hoped I'd turn out to be strong. - April Sinclair\nGod wants you to begin to strategise, plan, draw out tactics, methodologies of how your business would take over that particular sphere of business where you are - Sunday Adelaja\nOverwork has long been cast as a choice, and a positive one borne out of love at that. But the truth is that for so many, there is no choice. - Miya Tokumitsu\nThe most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible. - Albert Einstein\nI like the night. Without the dark, we'd never see the stars. - Stephenie Meyer\nSome instances in life call for humility. But, sometimes you need to be flat-out brazen when it comes to the desires of your heart. - Nakia R. Laushaul\nBigotry dwarfs the soul by shutting out the truth. - Edwin Hubbell Chapin\nNo man can outrun Logic or Time. - Anonymous\nIt is a common delusion that you can make things better by talking about them.\nWe can't look to the world to restore our worth; we're here to restore our worth to the world. The world outside us can reflect our glory, but it cannot create it. It cannot crown us. Only God can crown us, and he already has. - Marianne Williamson\nAlways be yourself. To some people you're beautiful, you're perfect, you're one of a kind & you're out of this world. - Premchand Shetty\nWords cut deeper than knives. A knife can be pulled out, words are embedded into our souls. - William Chapman\nSometimes the worst brings out the best in you, Sometimes the lowest tide ushers in the biggest change, Sometimes the gravest wounds translate into deepest wisdom, Sometimes the nadir leads you to the zenith - All you need to do is - To Hold On - Manprit Kaur\nMorning, Bill,' said Lord Tidmouth agreeably.'Go to hell!' said Bill.'Right-ho,' said his lordship. - P.G. Wodehouse\nDon’t try to smell the flowers without planting them. - Debasish Mridha\nNot only the footwear, wear also the courtesy, respect, and gratitude in your heart while stepping out of home. - Rupali Desai\nThe body is poisoned through the mouth, even so is the heart through the ear ... And even if we do mean no harm, the Evil One means a great deal, and he will use those idle words as a sharp weapon against some neighbor's heart. - Francis de Sales\nYou cannot do wrong without suffering wrong. - Ralph Waldo Emerson\nAnybody caught selling macrame in public should be dyed a natural color and hung out to dry. - Calvin Trillin\nMost people don't know how to find the answers, so here how I do it. I just read a book or a film about the topic and I found a lot - Deyth Banger\nOnly in art will the lion lie down with the lamb, and the rose grow without thorn. - Martin Amis\nSuffering just means you’re having a bad dream. Happiness means you’re having a good dream. Enlightenment means getting out of the dream altogether. - Jed McKenna\nNever go to another woman about your woman. Not unless you want an insidious form of advice. - Donna Lynn Hope\nBe out of the mainstream. I'm out of the mainstream. I enjoy it, who wants to be in the mainstream? - Bill Maher\nMaybe it's not about the journey but rather the way you imagine the journey when you read a book. - BeaOngjoco\nOne would see the multitude oppressed inside society as a consequence of the very precautions taken against threats from outside, one would see oppression increase continually without the oppressed ever being able to know where it would end, nor what legitimate means remained for them to halt it.\nA bird cannot fly with broken wings. Your heart cannot love without learning to heal. - Kemi Sogunle\nSomething amazing happens when you're in love and don't give a damn about what day it is anymore. - Chad Sugg\nI have just put this to see how much people can think, how much just follow what I say without thinking... (Just Simple Psychology) - Deyth Banger\nPeople use what you want against you... without you knowing it. - Deyth Banger\nOnce you figure out who you are and what you love about yourself, I think it all kind of falls into place. - Jennifer Aniston\nThe aspiration to save the world is a morbid phenomenon of today's youth. - Marilyn Manson\nEnjoy without injury, live without loss. - Amit Kalantri\nThere are two types of people in this world- those who pull out of bed each morning at the thought of breakfast and those who are driven by ambition. The former succeed in satisfying hunger pangs and the latter accomplish their life goals. - Roopleen\nAll change comes from deepening your understanding of the salvation of Christ and living out the changes that understanding creates in your heart. - Timothy J. Keller\nWe are to point saints to look to Christ, and then to deny themselves and follow Christ, obeying Christ above all else. Not pointing them to ourselves, nor following us, nor obeying us. Our ministry has got to be about them following our Lord Jesus Christ. - brother Billy\nIf one is talking about a vile thing it is better to talk of it in coarse language; one is less likely to be seduced into excusing it. - G.K. Chesterton\nAnd what went wrong when other alchemists tried to make gold and were unable to do so?\"\"They were looking only for gold his companion answered. They were seeking the treasure of their personal legend, without wanting actually to live out the personal legend. - Paulo Coelho\nBreak my heart. Break it a thousand times if you like. It was only ever yours to break anyway. \"Shhh,\" I urged.I'll love you until my very last breath. Every beat of my heart is yours. I don't want to die without you knowing that.\"Please don't,\" I choked. - Prince Maxon, \"The One\" by Kiera Cass\nHe hadn't done it, and there was no point thinking about might-have-beens - Jo Graham\nThe fundamental delusion of humanity is to suppose that I am here and you are out there. -, Zen master (1885-1973) - Yasutani Roshi\nBy worrying about the future, We will convolute our present lives. - Mohith Agadi\nLink: .....It’s the imperfections that give you character out here. - Joyce, T.S.\nWhen I was kidnapped, my parents snapped into action. They rented out my room. - Woody Allen\nThe camera's only job is to get out of the way of making photographs. - Ken Rockwell\nGetting enough sleep can be just as important as working out. - Ali Vincent\nLife is about giving yourself away in the service of others. Life is not about living just to live. - Debasish Mridha\nI’m always thinking about creating. My future starts when I wake up in the morning and see the light. - Miles Davis\nTo write as if your life depended on it; to write across the chalkboard, putting up there in public the words you have dredged; sieved up in dreams, from behind screen memories, out of silence-- words you have dreaded and needed in order to know you exist. - Adrienne Rich\nYou cannot become the greatest without at least a gr- and a test inside of you - Johnnie Dent Jr.\nA satirist is a man who discovers unpleasant things about himself and then says them about other people. - Peter McArthur\nAn odd thing about beauty, however, is that it's absence tends not to arouse our sympathy as much as other forms of privation do. - Jonathan Franzen\nLife was simpler when we thought no one cares about what we think. - Riyadh Razzaq\nIf your ministry can't work without you, then it is no longer Christ-centered. Minister toward Jesus, not yourself. - Rev. Kellen Roggenbuck\nI rather choose to go through what will make me humble than to go for what will increase my pride to a level without limit - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah\nEverything that goes into my mouth seems to make me fat, everything that comes out of my mouth embarrasses me. - Gabriel García Márquez\nThe more you talk about them, the more important they will feel. The more you listen to them, the more important you will make them feel. - Roy T. Bennett\nIf you are setting a goal without understanding the reason for it, then maybe you should reevaluate the goal in general. - Tina Brown\nSome people complain there are too many people on earth, Some people complain about secret societies, Some people accuse others of not being able to wake up early. Almost all people complain about something. - Dejan Stojanovic\nRegulation of sexual behavioris the preferred route to wider socialcontrol. - Alexander Cockburn\n... shunning all offers of help, all offers of the more practical... This was his task, he said, and it would be carried out alone. Penance, my brother reminded me, was a lonely place to be. - Sarah Winman\nI used to think that your calling was about doing something good in this world. Now I understand it’s about becoming someone good—and letting that goodness impact the world around you. - Jeff Goins, The Art Of Work\nWhy are we learning about the past, when this is History? - Galinda Glinda\nGod is not ecstatic about the lack you are experiencing; He is not delightful over your failures, He is not happy about your stagnancy. - Jaachynma N.E. Agu\nWhen you are loving, kind, and appreciative, you can help change others without using criticism. - Debasish Mridha\nA good friend who points out mistakes and imperfections and rebukes evil is to be respected as if he reveals the secret of some hidden treasure. - Dalai Lama XIV\nThe foolishness of youth with the cynicism of age is a dangerous combination. - Murad S. Shah\nOpportunity knocked. My doorman threw him out.\nIgnore the people who advise you patience! There is no time for patience! Those who are patient for many years about anything are mad! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nNever force yourself on another. If you do this, then this is you trampling on your own dignity without the external help. - Omoakhuana Anthonia\nGive yourself without expecting any return. - Debasish Mridha\nI believe it. Talk about problems u get problems and solutions get solutions. - www.thecounsellingparadigm.sg\nHe forgave you though,' said Claire. 'He never held it against you, ever. All he cared about was that you lived, and that you got better. He would have given everything for that. Everything. Nothing else mattered. - S.J. Watson\nPeople are of 3 categories;Some dream with an opportunity.Some pursue it and some create it - Mohammed Sekouty\nWe can not improve humanity if everyone is conforming to society's standards. Set your own standard, and find out for yourself. - Mary Sage Nguyen\nIn the South of California has gathered the larges and most miscellaneous assortment of Messiahs, Sorcerers, Saints and Seers known to the history of aberrations.\nThere is something out there which is difficult to be saw and understand. (The Ring 1) - Deyth Banger\nWe write \"I love you\" on the mouth by the kisses that touch it. (On écrit \"je t'aime\" sur bouche - Par les bisous qui la touchent.) - Charles de Leusse\nThese programs were never about terrorism: they're about economic spying, social control, and diplomatic manipulation. They're about power. - Edward Snowden\nYes, it's vital to make lifestyle choices to mitigate damage caused by being a member of industrialized civilization, but to assign primary responsibility to oneself, and to focus primarily on making oneself better, is an immense copout, an abrogation of responsibility. - Derrick Jensen\nPlease do not ever think I am without you or you are without me, I live with you all the time. - Santosh Kalwar\nSomething about the circus stirs their souls, and they ache for it when it is absent. - Erin Morgenstern\nWithout the dark side you would never see the light side of the stars - Hayley Brewer\nWhat are words without the melody? - Shannon L. Alder\nYou are as the sun; the world is your stage; even without an audience, shine. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nToo often the spotlight that highlights our successes burns out quickly, while the spotlight that scrutinizes our failures is a long-life bulb. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nBut, hey, remember: If things don't work out in your life, you can always just turn to drugs or join the Army. - Jason Christopher Hartley\nLife isn't about what you achieve but the emotions you get out of it all. - Chloe Huang\nWhen people leave you, identify why they left and think about what is left - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah\nThe worst thing about being unhappy is not being strong enough to leave the situation. - Ron Baratono\nInstead of worrying about what you cannot control, focus your energy on what you can create. - Roy Bennett\nIf your house ain't in order, you ain't in order. It is so much easier to be out there than right here. - Toni Cada Bambara\nLove is like breathing. You can't live without it. - Imania Margria\nI've always been attracted to stories about rebels - things that are unusual and sometimes dangerous. - Sara Sheridan\nDon't worry about a thing, 'cause every little thing gonna be all right. - Bob Marley\nPeople are so fucking dumb. Nobody reads anymore, nobody goes out and looks and explores the society and culture they were brought up in. People have attention spans of five seconds and as much depth as a glass of water. - David Bowie\nI won't forget when I couldn't go to bed with the lights offWhen I heard that voice call me in for the nightI remember when love was just a word and not a fightAll I had to worry about were broken bones and being left alone - Real Friends\nOdd how we focus on studying wars at at school to form our 'education'. No wonder we know so little about making and forging peace as adults. - Rasheed Ogunlaru\nWhat if you find out at the end of life that you could have had all you ever wanted had you only asked for it?? - Kate McGahan\nLove is the ultimate outlaw. It just won't adhere to any rules. The most any of us can do is sign on as its accomplice. Instead of vowing to honor and obey, maybe we should swear to aid and abet. - Tom Robbins\nOur ability to discover new experiences exists outside of who we are in the Box. - Heidi Reagan\nI learned to live half alive without you - Kat Unda\nA death without being a loss to anybody is the most unworthy death. - Alireza Salehi Nejad\nWhen the ocean get poisoned even a sip will be deadly - Mohammed Sekouty\nGirls, watch out for the bad guys!...there are those capable of showering their resources on you just to dance on top of you, and finally destroy your good image and reputation. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nTo me, comedy is a great occupation because I don't really worry that much about what other people think of me. - Joe Rogan\nDoes anyone else day dream about what it would be like if specific age groups just dropped dead all across the world? - Christy Leigh Stewart\nA truth is what it is. A lie, a thought out deception more brutal than a truth could ever be. - Charlotte Armstrong\nIt's impossible to know everything about everything but the real pleasure lies in knowing something about everything - Anubhav Mishra\nWhy do you forget oh man, that life has no destination. That even if it does, it results in physical death?It is about the journey, not the destination. Enjoy every minute of this journey, for the totality of life is in the journey. - Magnus Nwagu Amudi\nHistory and beauty lie in the baroque wrinkles of old cathedrals. mosques, synagogues, temples and faces whose stories are told without a single word. - Khang Kijarro Nguyen\nWithout haters, you can't see the level of your progress, that shows you that haters are necessary evil. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nMany of us persons of the tinted persuasion care about human rights and artistic freedom too. - Salman Rushdie\nYou never help anyone without helping yourself. You never pick up anyone without making yourself stronger. - Debasish Mridha\nI Still Have Everything You Gave MeIt is dusty on the edges.It is slightly rotten.I guard it without thinking.I focus on it once a yearwhen I shake it out in the wind.I do not ache.I would not trade. - Naomi Shihab Nye\nTo become a man is to carry out your word because you gave your word. And your word is you as a man.\" - The Legacy Letters, by - Carew Papritz\nWe have more choice than ever before about where and how we buy and read books. - Sara Sheridan\nWit had conquered science by laughing it out of court. - Philip Schuyler Allen\nI won't let my best friends do silly,stupid,annoying,funny things-WITHOUT ME!!!!!!!!!! - Azhly Antenor\nIt isn't what they say about you, it's what they whisper. - Errol Flynn\nAs it happened, all three of us turned out to be real writers--a coincidence almost too large to be termed mere coincidence in a society where literally tens of thousands (maybe hundreds of thousands) of college students aspire to the writer's trade and where bare hundreds actually break through. - Stephen King\nGOUT, n. A physician's name for the rheumatism of a rich patient. - Ambrose Bierce\nThe hate in heart can consume you not outside events. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nLife is a question asked by God about the way he exists. - Kedar Joshi\nThe toughest thing about success is that you've got to keep on being a success. - Irving Berlin\nThe most important lesson that we're supposed to be learning right now is how completely lost we are without God. If we don't learn this lesson, then our lives are going to have zero meaning. (Stronger: Forty Days of Metal and Spirituality) - Brian \"Head\" Welch\nI may no explain you much about myself but we both have one thing in common & its tears. - Srinivas Shenoy\nShe was our guardian angel. Lucy saved us from mystery. Without her, our marriage would be ruined. Her disappearance created an open wound that we can't fix but the most devasting reality is probably the fact that her body will never be found. She is a living ghost in Wilmington, North Carolina. - Chloé Danielo\nBe believing, be happy, don't get discouraged. Things will work out. - Gordon B. Hinckley\nYou are not in the universe; the universe is hiding inside you and always looking out for you. - Debasish Mridha\nI was about to die; and then she gave me a birth again - Wrushank Sorte\nDrink nothing without seeing it; sign nothing without reading it. - Spanish Proverb\nDon't be a shadow of anyone,You are unique way or another - Mohammed Sekouty\nI know I have a long way to go but for now I am taking my life one day at a time. Enjoying every minute of my youth as far as I could. I know I am still young but no one is ever too young to have a dream so big to inspire many people. - Diana Rose Morcilla\nWhen fully united, without ego or weakness, we become the greatest invisible force this world has ever witnessed. - Luis Marques\nDon't think about the writing process too much. Just do one thing: tell the motherfucking story. - Don Roff\nIt's all about the people. It's all for the people. It's all to the people. That's our ultimate goal. - Nurudeen Ushawu\nRegret and remorse is a dialectic issue about what has been done, about what should have been done and about what should not have been done. ( Island of regret. Island of remorse ) - Erik Pevernagie\nWe are drawn to greatness because there's something about the greatness in others that speaks to us about our own possibilities. - Damilola Oluwatoyinbo\nLife is about finding yourself in the magnificence of life. - Debasish Mridha\nJust because words come out of somebody's mouth doesn't make them true. - Rebecca Brockway\nAh, divorce. The Latin word meaning to rip a man's genitals out through his wallet. - Robin Williams\nIn order to survive our youth, many of us became sensitized to which conditions we had to play to, to receive attention. No wonder we mistook this attention for love. We thought love came in finite quantities—it had to be competed for among siblings, or it had to be paid for with exacting dues. - Maureen Brady\n...it is far more important to know who you are than where you are going, for where you are going will certainly change as the world about you changes. - James C. Collins\nFriends come in and out of our lives, like busboys in a restaurant. - Stephen King\nIf you let go and let God than you will never have to worry about God letting Go - Brynelle K Brown\nHonesty is a big ticket item seemingly just out of the reach of the frivolous! - Mary-Ellen Peters\nOur goal can only be reached through a vehicle of a pain, in which we must fervently believe, and upon which we must vigorously act. There is no other route to success.\nAnd I, could I stand byAnd see you freeze,Without my right of frost, Death's privilege? - Emily Dickinson\nIt can be heartbreaking when you find out that your fairytale image of the world doesn't match the reality. - Taylor Swift\nA leitura é um pretexto para que nossos corpos fiquem colados, como uma escultura, fundidos de maneira que ao tentar separar um do outro, ou a obra permance intacta ou ela se perde por completo - Ben Oliveira\nBut the true feminist deals out of a lesbian consciousness whether or not she ever sleeps with women. - Audre Lorde\nSometimes in your life, you will get to the point where you are not even trying or worthy even taking a step a head of you, but you will have to go to the next step without thinking more. - Auliq Ice\nYou need to get out of your nest in order to fly. - Todd Stocker\nI've decided that I'm not going to try to squeeze myself into a friendship that hurts me anymore. I'm going to let her go and just be friends with people who make me feel good about myself. - Zoe Sugg\nRemember the good hours when the words are flowing well. And never mind the bad hours; there is no life without them. - Herman Wouk\nWe are faithful as long as we love, but youdemand faithfulness of a woman without love, and the giving ofherself without enjoyment. Who is cruel there--woman or man? - Leopold von Sacher-Masoch\nAnd it's true what I read about joy. It's the kind of happiness that not only fills you up but spills over. Really, all you have to do is look for it, and then have the strength to let it in. And believe it or not, that's the hardest part. - Jolene Perry\nI live well with very little things but not without my dignity - Rui M.\nI do not derive out of the evolution, but the act of creativity inside of it! - Vishwanath S J\nOpen your mind before your mouth - Aristophanes\nA high functioning palate allows you to live without sugar and salt - Nancy S. Mure\nIf you don't understand how the world works, then everything is a mystery to you. If everything is magical and mysterious, then you really don't work on logic anymore. Then, everything is all about belief. - Joy Reidenberg\nI think one can tell a lot about a person from the way he chooses to let the stub of his cigarette burn out... - Sanhita Baruah\nA writer is someone who can make a riddle out of an answer. - Karl Kraus\nEverything is connected to everything else, and nothing is without consequence - David Huddle\nGreenHollyWood is a bad character, fat, liking jokes, liking jokes about size, about the large, about the how big are you. Likes to laugh when you make a mistake, ... but but he is a teacher?! With a glasses a fat guy! - Deyth Banger\nPoverty has deceived many of us into believing that some people who are in that state love the food, clothes, places, and people that they do not even like. The same can be said about wealth. - Mokokoma Mokhonoana\nMake no mistake about it, no matter how kind, meek, humble and soft your giving heart is you are a warrior! - Bryant McGill\nI don’t know about you but I do know I am a great woman and a gift unto my generation. I am a blessing to the world and I have a voice to be heard. I will make a great positive impact in the world and I would be a great force to be reckoned with. That is the power I have as a woman. - Omoakhuana Anthonia\nThe man with toothache thinks everyone happy whose teeth are sound.The poverty stricken man makes the same mistake about the rich man. - George Bernard Shaw\nI don't understand why people care so much about showing that they are good; because I am rather comfortable with having badness, quite okay with being inexplicable. They tire themselves so. The light is beautiful; but light can't hide treasures like the darkness can. - C. JoyBell C.\nDon't stare out the window; run through the fields. - Marty Rubin\nThe moon denied the wolf's friendship ... She wanted more out of her beast - Konstantinos Kyriakou.K.K\nFor if my poems have always been about survival--and I believe they have been--then survival too keeps revealing itself as an art of the unexpected. - Jane Cooper\nSomething good about love: if you fall in it, you will not feel any pain. - Debasish Mridha\nWhen people talk about how fast children forget, how fast they forgive, how sensitive they are, I let it go in one ear and out the other. Children can remember and forget and totally freeze to death the people they don't like. - Peter Hoeg Miss Smilla's Feeling for Snow\nCompetition in business is a blessing, for without it, we wouldn't be motivated to improve. - Nabil N. Jamal\nLife is all about Re-Inventing Yourself, so that you can rejoice every moment, just un-learn and let-go of the past and no sooner you do it, you stay afresh and are born again! - Ramana Pemmaraju\nGet Fired Up About Your Life Because If You Don't Who Will? - Coach Dave\nOnce I ran out of excuses, I reclaimed my life. Now, I don't need excuses. - Jamie Anne Richardson\nObjective truth is difficult to come by, and even if you have it, what you can pass on to the next person is the story that you tell about it. In order for truth to be recognized as true, it has to be wrapped in plausibility. Just the same as lies. (\" Daniel Abraham - Another Word: Plausibility and Truth\nTo live without an aim is to wander in a wilderness. - Radhe Maa\nWhat we should have fought for was representation without taxation. - Sam Levenson\n[I] never talk about gratitude and joy separately, for this reason. In 12 years, I've never interviewed a single person who would describe their lives as joyful, who would describe themselves as joyous, who was not actively practicing gratitude. - Brené Brown\nA leader without a clear vision and plans only abuses his power because visions, dreams and plans are the fulcrum along which the loads of success will spine by your own efforts. And where power is abused, there is manipulation instead of inspiration. - Israelmore Ayivor\nI was once thrown out of a mental hospital for depressing the other patients. - Oscar Levant\nShut out all of your past except that which will help you weather your tomorrows. - William Osler\nKids are real artists. They’d rather paint the outside of the box than being stuck inside. - Shawn Lukas\nWhat I can and cannot imagine is a psychological fact about me. It is not a deep metaphysical fact about the nature of the universe. - Patricia S. Churchland\nTo commit the least possible sin is the law for man. To live without sin is the dream of an angel. Everything terrestrial is subject to sin. Sin is a gravitation. - Victor Hugo\nIf anyone stops us, as long as we mumble something pretentious about the glory of death, we should be fine. - Derek Landy\nNO one can say 'NO' to sin and 'Yes' to rightousness without the help of Holy Spirit. - I. A. Chosen\nExperience without theory is blind, but theory without experience is mere intellectual play. - Immanuel Kant\nthe government bailed out the corporate sector. while the people thay supported the government financally, were ignored and left to fend for themselves. is this what you call democracy? - Jeffrey Fischer\nDon’t be depressed if you feel like a victim of abuse. It is because the abuser knows that your action can get you out of that situation and without depending on anything, live a life within your expectation and beyond. - Denny A\nAre you in love? What makes your heart beat faster? What do you want people to think about when they hear your name. - Charlotte Eriksson\nIt violates right order whenever capital so employees the working or wage-earning classes as to divert business and economic activity entirely to its own arbitrary will and advantage without, the social character of economic life, social justice, and the common good. - Pope Pius XI\nFaith, noun. Belief without evidence in what is told by one who speaks without knowledge, of things without parallel - Ambrose Bierce\nI do not laugh; I do not cry;I'm sweating out the will to die.My past is sliding down the drain;I soon will be myself again. - Theodore Roethke\nDon’t mention me about your religion! Show me your heart! If you have the heart of an innocent child, you have the best religion, even if you are a nonbeliever! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nRevenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more man's nature runs to the more ought law to weed it out. - Sir Francis Bacon\nWithout love, life is so boring. - Debasish Mridha\nThere can be no transforming of darkness into light and of apathy into movement without emotion. - Carl Jung\nThere are always certain things which are certain and certain things which are uncertain for us to think about each day and when such are over, there shall always be something to think about - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah\nHistory has always been violent, unstoppable and bound to happen; either with or without you. Acknowledge it. - Mamur Mustapha\nI found focusing on the positives was really beneficial. I wrote down thoughts about how much better I would feel and look and how much calmer and more present I would be when I could get through the initial phase of wanting sugar and pop out the other side - Damon Gameau\nWhen you try to talk about yourself, you dont know who you are, or what your like, or what your like to other people. And the moment you do it's a formula for yourself, and then you're imitating yourself, and then nobody likes you and they dont know why. - Carol Channing\n[I]t is something that comes up as a struggle in me. It especially came up when I was about 16 or 17. In high school people think you have to be so macho. People get attacked just because someone insinuates something about their sexuality. I think that’s gruesome. - Green Day\nGolf and sex are about the only things you can enjoy without being good at. - Jimmy Demaret\nHumans, when you talk me about them... I more likely see them as a unsolveable unlogicalable problem... than something else. - Deyth Banger\nIt is impossible for a man to outpace his shadow. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nTo be a hero is to become a paradox. The very act of wanting to be a hero implies that you wish danger upon others, for one cannot be a hero without needing someone to save. - Brandon Varnell\nIf you haven't got anything nice to say about anybody come sit next to me. - Alice Roosevelt Longworth\nThere is always so much talk about the sins of the fathers, but it is the sins of the mothers that are the most difficult to avoid repeating. - Melanie Benjamin\nI haven't forgottenThat I have to grow upAnd someday live withoutYour voice, your opinion--Making my own decisions. - Jordan Hoechlin\nRiches without faith are the greatest poverty. - Hazrat Ali R.A\nWhen I pictured myself, it was always like just an outline in a colouring book, with the inside not yet completed. - Sarah Dessen\nLife isn't about the years you lived. It is about how you lived. - Tanushree Podder\nBut there is something about human beings that too often makes our love for the world look very much like hatred for it. - Marilynne Robinson\nWhat is a goal without a purpose? - J.R. Rim\nThe life is cruel death to me without you. - Veronica Franco\nEvery day you live is a day for dreaming.Every day is a day for adventuring.And every day is for sharing with people you love,because love's all that lasts.It's the only thing we carry out of this world.It connects us all, in the end. - Natalie Lloyd\nThe Republican and Democratic parties both feed out of the same bag provided by the monied system, and where the list frequently differs the same interests are represented. - George Seldes\nWhich one of them would make you the most sad if you had to live your life without him? - Susan Meissner\nLife is a conversation with yourself. And who are you if not the eternal presence behind everything that is, was, and will be? Like this, the blow of each breeze and the beauty of each sunset can teach you about yourself, if you listen. If you hear. - Vironika Tugaleva\nWe talk so abstractly about poetry because all of us are usually bad poets. - Friedrich Nietzsche\nYou can tell the lowest class by their habit of always talking about persons; the next, by the fact that their habit is always to converse about things; the highest, by their preference for the discussion of ideas. - Henry Thomas Buckle\nSome' strong decisions stamp you as 'rude'. But in future, they will realize that you were right. But be cautious about the 'Some'. - Saga Valsalan\nThose who find ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without being charming. This is a fault.Those who find beautiful meanings in beautiful things are the cultivated. For these there is hope. - Oscar Wilde\nIn [David] Douglas's success in life ... his great activity, undaunted courage, singular abstemiousness, and energetic zeal, at once pointed him out as an individual eminently calculated to do himself credit as a scientific traveler. - Joseph Dalton Hooker\nThe worst part of an eminent man's conversation is, nine times out of ten, to be found in that part by which he means to be clever. - Edward Bulwer-Lytton\nThere's nothing funny about a clown in the moonlight. - Lon Chaney\nIt is ironic that we are particular about flushing out all the dirt through the Drain, but we continue to retain a lot of it in our Brain. - RVM\nA book without words is a mind without thought. - Catherine Forbes\nGenius without education is like silver in the mine. - Benjamin Franklin\nI felt like a champion because I was figuring shit out. I was a doer and a getter-doner, and it was okay to be identified by the neighbors as the little lady who had a dump truck of manure delivered, a load that made the entire neighborhood smell like a dairy barn for weeks. - Dee Williams\nLife is boring. People are vengeful. Good things always end. We do so many things and we don’t know why, and if we do find out why, it’s decades later and knowing why doesn’t matter any more. - Douglas Coupland\nThe better you feel about yourself, the less you feel the need to show off. - Robert Hand\nIn life, never talk about problems. Talk about solutions. - Debasish Mridha\nJust like you can’t punish anyone without punishing yourself, you can’t love anyone without loving yourself. - Debasish Mridha\nThe world would be a sadder place without stories. - David Gemmell\nAnybody who has doubts about the ingenuity or the resourcefulness of a plumber never got a bill from one. - George Meany\nSome friends are like sunny days, with false flames, oozing from afar, coming near without a dime. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nEvery day, tell at least one person something you like, admire, or appreciate about them. - Richard Carlson", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9632883071899414}
+{"content": "How Can You Make a Printable 6-Inch Ruler?\n\nHow Can You Make a Printable 6-Inch Ruler? offers a printable 6-inch ruler template. offers a wide variety of printable ruler templates; none of them are exactly 6 inches, but all are greater than 6 inches. Each website has specific printing instructions to ensure accuracy. features a template that has several 6-inch rulers. This template features 8-inch segments and includes metric measurements. A metric-only ruler that is slightly longer than 6 inches is also available. Both the website and template include specific instructions on how to print in order to ensure the ruler is the correct size. The template is designed for letter-size paper.\n\nWhile does not offer a ruler that is exactly 6 inches long, it does offer a wide variety of rulers. The closest alternative to a 6-inch ruler on this site is an 8-inch ruler. It also offers a 12-inch ruler that has a 0 inches mark in the center, with both ends marking 6 inches. Many different combinations of measurement options are available. Templates for each ruler are available in both letter size and A4 size paper. The website includes specific instructions on how to print the rulers accurately.\n\nAll templates from both of these websites require a program that can read PDF files.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9351131319999695}
+{"content": "Loading, please wait...\n\nproduct description page\n\nMultiracial Identity and Racial Politics in the United States (Hardcover) (Natalie Masuoka)\n\nMultiracial Identity and Racial Politics in the United States (Hardcover) (Natalie Masuoka) - image 1 of 1\n\nAbout this item\n\nWhile pundits point to multiracial Americans as new evidence of a harmonious ethnic melting pot, in reality mixed race peoples have long existed in the United States. Rather than characterize multiracial Americans as a \"new\" population, this book argues that instead we should view them as individuals who reflect a new culture of racial identification. Today, identities such as \"biracial\" or \"swirlies\" are evoked alongside those more established racial categories of white, black Asian and Latino. What is significant about multiracial identities is that they communicate an alternative viewpoint about race: that a person's preferred self-identification should be used to define a person's race. Yet this definition of race is a distinct contrast to historic norms which has defined race as a category assigned to a person based on certain social rules which emphasized things like phenotype, being \"one-drop\" of African blood or heritage. In Multiracial Identity and Racial Politics in the United States, Natalie Masuoka catalogues how this cultural shift from assigning race to perceiving race as a product of personal identification came about by tracing events over the course of the twentieth century. Masuoka uses a variety of sources including in-depth interviews, public opinion surveys and census data to understand how certain individuals embrace the agency of self-identification and choose to assert multiracial identities. At the same time, the book shows that the meaning and consequences of multiracial identification can only be understood when contrasted against those who identify as white, black Asian or Latino. An included case study on President Barack Obama also shows how multiracial identity narratives can be strategically used to reduce anti-black bias among voters. Therefore, rather than looking at multiracial Americans as a harbinger of dramatic change for American race relations, this Multiracial Identity and Racial Politics in the United States shows that narratives promoting multiracial identities are in direct dialogue with, rather than in replacement of, the longstanding racial order.\nNumber of Pages: 260\nGenre: Social Science\nFormat: Hardcover\nPublisher: Oxford Univ Pr on Demand\nAuthor: Natalie Masuoka\nLanguage: English\nStreet Date: September 27, 2017\nTCIN: 52792871\nUPC: 9780190657468\nItem Number (DPCI): 248-50-0672\nIn stock - free standard shipping with REDcard\nNot in stores\n\nRatings & reviews\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9073023796081543}
+{"content": "How to write a literature review pdf readers\n\nThough, going back to the much more complex research papers such as dissertationsstudents frequently disregard these few sentences summarizing the conclusion.\n\nIt is key to a successful start. You will need to experiment with different searches, such as limiting your search to descriptors that appear only in the document titles, or in both the document title and in the abstract. Thus, the literature review does more than offering a theoretical approach, but it creates a window of inspiration for other researchers; The audience can make an idea on what is the focus of the paper, for the literature review offers a hint in this direction.\n\nGroup the articles into categories e. You will need the page number in order to write the reference by the book, so noting down as you read seems like a better choice. Why were they so important to the contouring of your direction? Moreover, try to look for any common or opposed conclusions and search for the most influential assumptions.\n\nIs there any pattern, are there any trends that seem to lead your research into a different direction? At first sight, it seems that it only hinders the process of profoundly reading the articles and studies. This way you make sure you underline your position, bringing a new light upon the sources that have treated the subject before.\n\nThis can then be exported into a Microsoft Word document. This is because you are encouraged to go through the same sequences twice, and while it looks like a waste of time, it is actually an excellent way to build the foundation of your literature review.\n\nIf you do include tables as part of your review each must be accompanied by an analysis that summarizes, interprets and synthesizes the literature that you have charted in the table.\n\nHow to Write a Literature Review\n\nFamiliarize yourself with online databases see UMD library resource links below for help with thisidentifying relevant databases in your field of study. Try to narrow it to a specific area of interest within the broad area that you have chosen remember: Since different research studies focus on different aspects of the issue being studied, each article that you read will have different emphases, strengths.\n\nConsider how you reassemble your notes: There are certain circumstances when a literature review works as a study on its own, in which case writing the conclusion is an understatement. So make sure you always have a notepad close when studying your sources.\n\nIdentify the literature that you will review: You should have a good list of high-quality studies or different articles supporting your subject. Typically a review will cover the last five years, but should also refer to any landmark studies prior to this time if they have significance in shaping the direction of the field.\n\nIs the author offering convincing evidence to support his theory? How you end the review, however, will depend on your reason for writing it. In the case of this Educ introductory literature review, your initial purpose is to provide an overview of the topic that is of interest to you, demonstrating your understanding of key works and concepts within your chosen area of focus.\n\nTry to answer these three questions outlining the value of your chosen writings. Select useful quotes that you may want to include in your review.\n\nPlan to describe relevant theories. As you take notes, record which specific aspects of the article you are reading are relevant to your topic as you read you will come up with key descriptors that you can record in your notes that will help you organize your findings when you come to write up your review.How to Write a Literature Review A well-written literature review should provide your readers a deep insight on the writings that helped you build your research.\n\nHowever, it shouldn’t just be a. A literature review may constitute an essential chapter of a thesis or dissertation, or may be a self-contained review of writings on a subject.\n\nIn either case, its purpose is to: Place each work in the context of its contribution to the understanding of the subject under review. I also provide links at the end of this guide to resources that you should use in order to search the literature and as you write your review.\n\nIn addition to using the step-by-step guide that I have provided below, I also recommend that you (a) locate examples of literature reviews in your field of study and skim over these to get a feel for.\n\nWhat is a Literature Review? (and How Do I Write One?!) 1 Nicholas Shunda University of Connecticut • Providing readers with the intellectual context and some motivation for your original research.\n\nGuidelines for writing a literature review\n\nliterature review, however, is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others Why do we write literature reviews? Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. If you have limited time to conduct research, literature reviews can. When you begin to write your literature review section, you'll be glad you dug deeper into how the research was designed and constructed because it establishes a means for developing more substantial analysis and interpretation of the research problem.\n\nHow to write a literature review pdf readers\nRated 3/5 based on 4 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8469856381416321}
+{"content": "+91 8884 22 32 42\n\n\n\nBilliards is a game in which long cues are used to drive balls now made of composition or plastic. It is played on a rectangular table covered with a smooth tight-fitting cloth and having raised cushioned edges\n\n\nBadminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court divided by a net.\n\n\n\nTable tennis\n\nTable tennis (also called ping pong) is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth using a table tennis bat. The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998012185096741}
+{"content": "Curry Beef\n\n\n\nCurry Beef\n\nServes six\n\n\n\n1 ½ kilo diced beef, wallaby or kangaroo\n2 large onions medium chopped\n2 cloves garlic finely chopped\n1 kilo pack mixed frozen vegetables\n2 tablespoons canola or olive oil\n4 tabespoons Nestle Rogan Josh curry paste\nsalt and pepper\n\n\n\nIn electric frypan heat oil, add onion and garlic, brown lightly. Add the meat and brown. Stir in curry paste or powder.\n\nAdd enough water to cover the meat and simmer until cooked, adding more water as it reduces.\n\nWhen meat is tender add frozen vegetables, salt and pepper, and heat through for a further 5 minutes.\n\nServe with rice.\n\nWalkabout Chef - Cook for the Family © Steve Sunk", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8178768754005432}
+{"content": "We’re monitoring two flightless male Wood Ducks in a nearby marsh pond. They’re flightless because they’re in a severe molt called their “eclipse phase.”\n\n\nWe know where we can look for them without alarming the shy birds. Sometimes we see both together, sometimes only one. Most of the time, we see neither. But, we see enough of them to conclude that they are having a safe summer. If a racoon or other predator doesn’t get them, they should be back in full dress uniform this fall.\n\nMany birds have significant molts, but those of male Wood Ducks seem more severe due to the contrast between their buzz-cut molt and their full-plumaged beauty. Compare this year’s summer molting drake (image taken September 4, 2018), above, with last year’s fall-plumaged one (taken October 11, 2017), below:\n\nWood 02.jpg\n\n(Brooklin, Maine)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9836196899414062}
+{"content": "| |  \n\nNANO2ALL at B.Debate\n\nOn 5 October, the NANO2ALL multi-stakeholder &amp; citizen dialogue methodologies were presented by ICN2 at B.Debate, a joint initiative of Biocat and Obra Social “la Caixa”. B.Debate aims to build a roadmap for practicing Open Science, by gathering national and international experts from different disciplines and exchanging knowledge and good practices among participants. The event focused on four main streams of Open Science: Open Access; Research integrity and reproducibility; Research evaluation; Stakeholder engagement. The NANO2All multi-stakeholder &amp; citizen dialogue methodologies (moderator manual, dialogue methodology) can be downloaded from: www.nano2all.eu/resources\n\n\n\nConnect with us\n\n| |  \n\nOur Facebook", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9841204285621643}
+{"content": "Tag Archives: Moodle language packs\n\nThe dominance of English language in online education\n\nTwo recent incidents highlighted for me the dominance of English in the online world, even in systems and communities used internationally by educators.\n\nScreenshot: ellinika.org.nz\n\nMoodle language packs\n\nThe first incident arose while I was working with a teacher who uses a Moodle site with Greek language learners. He was puzzled because of a button labelled επόμενος, pronounced ‘epomenos’ and meaning ‘Next’ in English. The issue arose because he thought it should refer to ‘Next page’, but the Greek word for page is feminine and επόμενος is masculine. So what could the ‘Next’ refer to? This is not merely pedantry and ‘getting the grammar right’, it has the potential to cause confusion for teachers and learners.\n\nIt’s no-one’s fault, of course – the wonderful volunteers who translate Moodle language packs can create equivalents in their own language for Moodle words and phrases, but there is no mechanism for recognising the gender of words. To remedy this would require a major revamp of the whole language architecture of Moodle. The original authors presumably never foresaw the possible issues which could arise when translating the system into other languages.\n\nTolerance of other languages\n\nThe second incident seemed to reflect an attitude that ‘other’ languages are less valid than English. Without dwelling on the details, a member of a wiki-based community for educators posted a template for creating webquests. The brief instructions were in a language other than English, and the responses of other members seemed both complaining (‘a language I can’t read is a nuisance‘) and uncomprehending (‘why would anyone use a language other than English?‘).\n\nThe first incident seems to me to be minor, and shows how easy it is to make assumptions based on our own language and culture. But the significance of this minor oversight is greatly offset by the overall valuing of other languages as evidenced by Moodle’s language pack feature and the fantastic work done by translators. The second incident dismayed me, as it seemed to show that even the mere presence of other languages is not always well-tolerated in Western society.\n\nHere in New Zealand we have lived through shameful times when Māori, the language of the indigenous people, was not tolerated in the education system. But in recent decades the language has gained official recognition, no longer seems endangered, and its presence enriches our society. I’d like to think that, in the online education community, languages other than English were also seen as enrichments rather than as nuisances by the English-speaking majority.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9790951609611511}
+{"content": "Attributes of Value-as-a-Service\n\nI get it… VaaS is the right revenue model for healthcare.  But what distinguishes VaaS from previous technology delivery models?\n\n\nVaaS vendors integrate subscriber data directly into the technology ecosystem they host and manage.  They then enable their services quickly—in weeks rather than months – typically generating positive cash flow for customers from the very first invoice.\n\n\nInfrastructure, know-how and expert resources that ramp up or down to match actual business volume needs.  Clearly superior results and economies of scale than could be achieved in house.\n\n\nShared services model to standardize and scale processes and delivery. Repeatability is achieved with a multi-client and multi-tenant model.\n\n\nPaying only for what is used rather than committing to services or functionality that may not be needed. Just in time delivery in response to demand.\n\n\nWorking as business partners where both the buyer and provider are committed to specified business outcomes.   Insight teams are embedded alongside the business, data and insights are aggregated and collected. The core team determines the desired outcome, and the VaaS provider handles the execution.\n\n\nNo dependencies on specific data source systems and no need for integration.   Likewise no dependencies on ancillary systems.\n\n\nCommitting to on-going innovations in business processes, infrastructure and applications. Can nimbly add customer-specific personalizations, test new features on-the-fly and iterate with the clients in a matter of business days.\n\n\nShielding the buyer from the potential disruption of upgrades and future change. Services are always up to date, and buyers have continuous access to innovation, scale and in-depth expertise.\n\nThree Billboards Outside Boulder, Colorado: a Value-as-a-Service Parody\n\nThree Billboards outside Boulder, Colorado is a story set in the backdrop of an industry in flux, struggling with the shift from volume to value-based care and the financial pressures of operating in an at-risk world.   Feeling resentment  for “solution” vendors who had historically placed the burden of value realization squarely on the shoulders of its customers, healthcare providers are pushing back demanding they be insulated from the financial uncertainty and professional embarrassment of unmet expectations.\n\nIt’s a story about IT companies trying to redeem themselves from the fallout of those unmet expectations yet not buckling to the demands for financial risk sharing.  It’s an examination of one industry’s journey out of the darkness of the misaligned risks and rewards of healthcare IT solutions and into the light of “Value-as-a-Service”.\n\n\nAs healthcare is coming to grips with increasingly tighter margins thanks to the economic realities of healthcare reform, leaders are demanding that risk be cascaded down to their suppliers and business partners.  Angry over the economic sting from products and projects that fell short, a trio of abandoned billboards are rented outside Boulder, Colorado to call attention to the problem.\n\nVendors were simultaneously sympathetic yet unmoved to change their revenue models.  The billboards stayed up while the war of wills played on for years.  Finally, a “Value-as-a-Service” (VaaS) model  took shape.\n\nHow’d We Get Here?\n\nIn the late 1990’s, the Information Age was booming under the belief that technology was a disruptor providing huge competitive advantages when deployed.  Throughout the Dot-com tech bubble, companies spent massively on technology because they were afraid to be left behind.  Technologies were purchased and implemented on-premise without any clear line-of-sight as to how they could realize a return on their investment.  Customers paid a king’s ransom for software licenses, computing infrastructure, and expensive consultants to implement the software.  They added staff to support these new technologies, trained and retrained thousands of end-users with relatively low adoption rates.  They incurred huge upfront costs and steep annual maintenance fees with less than stellar results downstream because the siren of the tech bubble lured them to add complexity they were ill-prepared to use let alone optimize.  Over time, buyers became jaded and suspicious of any vendor relationship where the vast majority of the risk was borne by customer.\n\nNext came the subscription era where customers mitigated the financial burden of front-loaded technology costs by effectively financing the product purchase via a leasing arrangement.  Still, clients were looking at the offering from the same vantage point – paying a hefty price for some expected/hoped for future benefit but now simply spreading those payments over time with the contractual right to terminate the contract  (if they had the appetite to swallow the associated switching costs).  The buyer gained more leverage but no assurances that something of value would be returned.\n\nIn the mid-2000s, the “subscription economy” was ushered in by companies like, Amazon, and Netflix who pivoted to new consumption models: from buying/selling products outright to subscribing for services.  Subscription economy companies realized it was not enough to slap a low monthly price on a product and call it a service. They also needed to re-architect the way products were built, sold, and delivered by adding a service component to manage the entire subscriber lifecycle.\n\nThe customer-centric market shift lead to the next iteration: XX-as-a-Service Cloud- computing offerings where “Pay-as-you-Go” models tied vendor compensation to actual capacity or on-demand utilization of their solutions.  Think “Infrastructure-as-a-Service” or “Platform-as-a-Service” from vendors like Amazon and their Amazon Web Services where you paid for the elasticity of capacity without having to overpay for excess hardware and infrastructure to meet peak demands.\n\nSubscription economy vendors focused on customer retention and usage monitoring as proxies for the presumed value customers would receive from their products and services.  But there was still a breach between the presumption of value vs. actual outcomes.   We were getting closer but not quite there yet.\n\n\n\nThose three billboard messages outside Boulder…\n\n\nwere prophetic  statements about over-promised and under-delivered solutions and a harbinger for the reconstruction of customer/vendor relationships.  Consumers had a new set of expectations. They now wanted outcomes, not ownership. Personalization, not generalization. Constant improvement, not planned obsolescence.  Customer success, not satisfaction.\n\nValue-as-a-Service hypothesizes that the future will be much less about the delivery model and will shift to the ultimate focus on measurable value creation.\n\nVaaS promotes the simple vendor promise to deliver something that will lead to quantifiable improvements asking customers, in turn, to pay only for that certain quantifiable value received.  There is no vagueness, no marketing-speak, no presumption of value, it’s all about paying proportionate to the objective results delivered.\n\nThe new VaaS frontier establishes a relationship not based on features and functions designed to solve a particular problem but as a business partner paid on the basis of the actual value realized.  Rather than placing your focus on the “product” or the “transaction,” VaaS companies live and die by their ability to focus on the customer.  Whereas, all the preceding models placed the burden on customers to attain success with the products and services they bought and were all priced on variables that were at best proxies for value,  VaaS vendors conditioned their relationships on outcomes; not promises.\n\nVaaS in Healthcare\n\nThe shift to value-based reimbursement models creates a new “Fee-for-Value” (FFV) paradigm; a sea change in the delivery and financing of medicine in which care is delivered by an entire coordinated medical community sharing in the responsibility—and risk—of outcomes and costs.  The phrase “doing more with less” has evolved from an inspirational challenge to an industry credo forcing healthcare providers to operate differently to remain solvent.  To mitigate the inherent risks in profitably financing and delivering patient care, providers will need a reorientation to (1) operate more lean, (2) outsource non-core competencies, and (3) mandate that outsourced business processes be priced and paid retrospectively on the realized vs. potential benefits they deliver.  You simply cannot be at-risk and not expect your partners to likewise bear proportionate risk in delivering their part in the overall care delivery/financing equation.\n\nNo more squishy ROI projections or business cases that are pillared more on hope than reality.  No more Field of Dreams “build it and they will come” leaps of faith. Business relationships will all be conditioned on iron-clad ROIs with hard dollar profitability and retrospective payments triggered by quantified results.\n\n\nIn the end, Three Billboards Outside Boulder, Colorado is a story of forgiveness.  Holding vendors’ feet to the fire has lead the industry away from the strained customer relationships of the past and into the relationship-centricity of Value-as-a-Service.\n\nThe pendulum of risk has swung and with it, the business landscape has forever changed.  When relationships are framed by objective outcomes and the financial obligations are conditioned on actual results, risks are no longer a variable in the contracting process.  With the financial certainty afforded by VaaS solutions, those three billboards on the outskirts of Boulder have been replaced.  VaaS customers no longer have to ask “How come?” but instead ponder “Why not?”.\n\nAcuStream Revenue Assurance – VaaS in Practice\n\nAcuStream, Inc. a pioneer in Revenue Assurance, has been using VaaS to rewrite their customers’ story and reinvent the industry.  At AcuStream, our knowledge, skills and culture are all aligned to our singular objective of delivering value in the form of incremental revenue and newfound insights to our clients; to help them mitigate the margin erosion they’re experiencing and will continue to experience as the shift from volume to value gains momentum in the immediate future.\n\n“Our business model enables us to develop relationships with customers; to be a true business partner aligned to a common goal of optimizing financial performance in the face of margin erosion,” said Jeff Colvin, CEO at AcuStream. “Every day, we find new ways to deliver value to our customers that far surpasses the revenue recovered from missing charges.  That drive and commitment is a byproduct of our VaaS model and the relationship-centric culture it inspires.”\n\nWhat’s Your “Revenue Cycle Handicap”?\n\nA handicap is defined as a race or other contest in which certain disadvantages or advantages of weight, distance, time, etc., are placed upon competitors to equalize their chances of winning. It’s also a way of benchmarking competitors against an expected level of performance to provide comparative scale.  Handicapping is commonly used to index golf proficiency by comparing golfers’ average scores against the expected standard of shooting “par”. \n\nBut what if there was a way to handicap healthcare revenue cycle leaders or teams against an expected level of revenue optimization?  More importantly, what could one do to improve their Revenue Cycle Handicap and  reach a best-in-class level of performance?  Here are four fundamentals revenue leaders can learn from professional golfers to up their games.\n\nDevelop all facets of their game\n\nWhat separates exceptional golfers from average players is the degree to which they develop all aspects of their game.   Knowing they have 14 clubs at their disposal, a variety of ball placements (tees, first and second cuts of rough, different types of grass, sand, etc.), hazards to navigate and hundreds of shots they want to master, professional golfers balance countless hours on the practice range, putting greens and chipping areas to hone a complete, well-rounded game. They don’t singularly work on one element of golf such as their driving even though the driver is the longest hitting club in their bags and therefore can be expected to cover the majority of the tee-to-green distance.\n\nOn par 4’s and 5’s, PGA pros use their woods to carry > 75% of the tee-to-green distance. Therefore, one might conclude that 75% of a golfers practice time should be devoted to just their woods and very little time should be spent on putting which represents <5% of the total yardage on a round of golf. If distance alone were the indicator of success, you would expect PGA pros to spend very little time working on their short games. We know that is far from the truth as chipping and putting is where pros shave the most strokes off their game through practice and repetition. Why?… because in terms of percentage of all shots taken in a give round by a typical professional golfer, the driver is used on less than 20% of their strokes while the putter accounts for over 40%.\n\nAs further illustration, consider the difference between a well-rounded successful PGA golfer and someone who specializes in the use of just one club.  On average, the top 200 male PGA golf pros drive the ball approximately 295 yards whereas  long-drive champions who focus exclusively on driving distance routinely drive the ball over 400 yards; a 35% difference!  If distance alone were the key to being a good golfer, you would expect the long-drive contest winners to routinely be at the top of the PGA Tour leaderboards.  And yet, the roster of long-drive winners since 1975 only includes two PGA Tour winners, Lon Hinkle and Dennis Paulson.   Two-time World Long Drive Champion, Jamie Sadlowski won back-to-back titles in 2008 and 2009 before deciding to quit long drive competition in the middle of 2016 in order to pursue the PGA Tour.  From 2011 to 2016, Sadlowski made three cuts in four starts on the Tour, a level below the PGA Tour, and is currently ranked 1,940th in the world.\n\n\nIn contrast, revenue professionals likewise need to develop a complete approach to revenue optimization.  Rather than placing all their chips (pun fully intended) on one component of the cycle, revenue professionals must develop strategic approaches to cover the front-, middle- and back-end of the revenue cycle with a balanced focus.  All too often, revenue cycle leaders chose to focus the vast majority of time and resources on one RCM improvement initiative at a time prioritized on the basis of higher expected returns and rationalizing their single-threaded approach under the guise of more focused execution and limited resources/bandwidth to take on additional work.  Putting all their proverbial eggs in that one basket and foregoing process improvement activities in the other aspects of revenue cycle until they feel they’ve solved their top priority is a very short-sighted plan and often generates operational slowdown, weakened financial performance, and employee turnover due to neglect for their area of the business.\n\nThink of the front-end of your revenue cycle as the long-game of a PGA golfer, the back-end of the cycle as your irons/wedges, and the mid-cycle activities related to charge integrity as your putting where you see the most volume and need the highest level of precision to optimize revenue.  Having a balanced strategic plan across all three aspects and committing the time and resources to optimize all three phases equally is the best way to lower your “Revenue Cycle handicap”.\n\nSurround themselves with expert advisors and proactively seek feedback\n\nPGA golfers seek out professional guidance to help them develop their games.  They employ swing coaches, sports psychologists, and professional caddies.  They pick the brains of other golf pros to look for any tips or tricks to shave strokes off their game.  They collect statistical data on their own game and benchmark themselves against others to determine where they need to improve to gain a competitive edge.  They’re voracious in consuming as much information as they can in the hope that they can translate that knowledge into small but critically important refinements that will help them lower their scores.\n\n\nRevenue professionals likewise should seek out the guidance of subject matter experts – including consultants and solution vendors who have very specific knowledge, tools and experiences that focus on particular aspects of the revenue cycle –  as well as their peers and their professional association to refine their games.  They should  statistically analyze their performance to look for opportunities to improve.  The old adage ‘what you don’t measure, you can’t manage’ applies equally well to golf as it does to revenue optimization.  If you have a void in terms of objective measures or lack clarity on measurable goals, now is the time to invest in getting the data, benchmarking best-in-class performance, honestly assessing where you stand in comparison and setting realistic goals for where you want to take your organization.\n\nA great example of such a void is in the area of mid-revenue leakage.  If you were asked “does your organization incur leakage?”, the honest answer would be “yes” but if asked where it occurs, how often and what are the financial implications of leakage, few would be able to answer such questions because they simply do not have the means to identify and measure missed charges.  You may very well be missing an opportunity to reduce your Revenue Cycle Handicap simply because you don’t know what you don’t know.\n\nEquipment matters!\n\nThere is a reason the old persimmon “woods” have been replaced by titanium and composite carbon fiber metal drivers.  The lighter weight, stronger material, longer and more flexible shafts and larger hitting surfaces all lead to greater club speed and forgiveness which in turn leads to increased ball loft, spin, distance and accuracy.  Every year, there are new technological advances in clubs, balls, apparel, and accessories for which golfers of all skill levels spend billions in their quest for any slight competitive advantage they can gain through the adoption of better technology.\n\nThe same holds true for revenue professionals who should be vigilant about innovation seeking out better ways to replace manual processes with automation, to increase coding accuracy, and eliminate unnecessary or non-value-add steps.  He with the best tools often wins so factor expenditures for innovation into your annual budget so you won’t be left behind.\n\nIn today’s shift from volume-to-value based care where providers are assuming more of the financial risk to care for patient populations, there is very little room for inefficiencies. A competitive payor market will steer patients to low cost/high quality providers and even if you’re successful in terms of patient acquisition, inefficiencies will erode your operating margins and reduce the amount of money retained or reinvested.  Inefficient revenue operations are the equivalent of a golfer giving away strokes throughout their round.  There are boundless opportunities available to help you lower your Revenue Cycle Handicap by adopting advanced technologies to wring out excesses replacing manual processes with automation and workflow.\n\nStrive for perfection\n\nProfessional golfers are driven to perfection.  Knowing the separation between the scoring average of the #1 and the #11 PGA golfer is just 3% (currently, Rickie Fowler’s 67.21 vs. William McGirt’s 69.36),  dropping two or more strokes is the difference between being a top 10 golfer and being just another name in the rest of the field.  The separation from #1 to #3 is only a single stroke or >1.5% variance.  And while PGA professionals are an elite group representing the absolute best golfers in the world, they never rest on being “good enough”, they strive for perfection in every shot they take.\n\nOver the past 10+ years, AHIMA has advocated a 95% minimum quality standard for coding accuracy.   And while the Central Learning 2nd National ICD-10 Coding Contest findings reveal coding accuracy rates far below the 95% accuracy standard (see below), there is still room for improvement amongst provider organizations boasting >95% accuracy.\n\nIn the pursuit of perfection, a professional golfer wouldn’t stop at 95% of their personal potential and neither should Revenue professionals.  If you’re one of those organizations that can lay claim to >95% accuracy, kudos to you but don’t stop there.  Excellence is a journey, not a destination and while 100% accuracy may be unattainable, the revenue generated by an additional 1% improvement in coding accuracy can drive millions of dollars to a health system’s bottom-line.\n\n\nRevenue professionals can borrow best practices from professional golfers by…\n\n  1. having defined executable strategies for the front-, middle- and back-end of their revenue cycles and committing their organizations to a balanced high-level of performance across all three phases.  Single-threaded process improvement initiatives are like stepping on a leaky garden hose that only enhances the leaks further downstream.  Have a synchronized plan across all three phases of the cycle to drive excellence.\n  2. seeking guidance and statistical measures of your own performance.  Don’t put yourself on an island, open yourself to professional help and analysis.\n  3. investing in the right technologies to replace manual processes with automation.  Technology has come a long way and if you’ll avail yourself to niche vendors who bring subject matter expertise on these technologies, you’ll stay state-of-the-art.\n  4.  not settling for the “speckled ax”.  Sharpen your tools and skills daily, and go beyond “good enough” by striving for perfection.  Perhaps that is why the most watch golf tournament each year is called the “Masters”.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8932031393051147}
+{"content": "Oracle Tips and Tricks — David Fitzjarrell\n\nAugust 26, 2015\n\n“But, You Don’t Understand…”\n\nFiled under: General — dfitzjarrell @ 10:11\n\n\"Let me try once more,\" he said in an effort to explain. \"In other words--\"\n\nYou're certainly not doing very well with the ones you have now.\"\n- Norton Juster, The Phantom Tollbooth \n\nA seemingly constant battle in many forums is getting those who post questions to be clear in what they are asking. Some questions are so broad that they can’t be answered without further explanation and detail. Possibly this is due to the nature of the Internet, where ‘answers’ are in abundant supply. Notice the quotes; the Internet is as notorious for mis-information as it is praised for its factual content. Those unfamiliar with resources for a given topic can be overwhelmed by the sheer volume of responses, and can be lulled into a false sense of security when broadly phrased questions return specific ‘answers’, such as with, and other search engines. There is, of course, no all-seeing editor for the Internet so the good and the bad occur with equal ease. Those in forums know this and give their best efforts to guide those unfamiliar with the available resources a gentle nudge toward reliable websites, yet not everyone visits forums and newsgroups to find answers. It’s time for those of us writing blogs to step up our game and ensure that what is posted is accurate and reliable, and it’s also time for those asking questions to learn how to do so effectively.\n\nIt all starts, I think, with blog posts, since apparently this is where people go to find answers. Searching,, for answers usually provides a long list of blog posts and web links claiming to answer the given question. Some are good, some aren’t and it can be difficult to know the difference for the uneducated. The people I know in the Oracle community who blog and frequent forums provide the best information they can in their posts, as do I. I’ve known more than one person who has gone back and edited an existing post to provide accurate content; to those who care a blog post isn’t the end, it’s a living document intended to provide insight into specific topics or provide a general overview of a process, all done for the purpose of sharing knowledge. It should be understood that if you’re going to share knowledge it should be accurate and reliable, and not simply an effort to be the most prolific blog poster in history. The same holds true for example code you may post; NEVER post untested code as it can only confuse and frustrate the recipient when it doesn’t work because of coding errors. It isn’t enough to simply post code, though, you should seriously consider posting worked examples, including the output the scripts and queries generate. Having a worked example, with the correct output, is invaluable when someone is running your code in their own database since they can know, immediately, if they have copied the code correctly and completely. Also, don’t assume their environment matches yours; include any settings you made so that anyone using your code runs it under the same conditions you used. It doesn’t matter how many examples you have posted online if they don’t work as expected or intended. Quality beats quantity every time.\n\nIf the blog posts are accurate then it stands to reason that the questions that follow and are posted on newsgroups and forums will get better because the information that generated that question will be better. There will still be those questions that are based on misunderstanding and ignorance (and I use the term ignorance to indicate a lack of knowledge in the subject area, not as a derogatory remark against anyone), such as this one found in an Oracle forum I frequent:\n\nI have some Oracle queries which is executing with 2 to 3 seconds response time. Is it possible to make those queries zero response time?\nIf so is there any tool which will help for that?\n\nThat question can be answered in many ways, all of them really dependent on information the person asking the question failed to provide. The responses thus far are found here with many of those requesting more detail than what was originally provided. This question was mentioned because it is generated based on a lack of understanding regarding how I/O works. Even with flash memory and solid-state disk a true ‘0’ response time is impossible. Better knowledge, even at a basic level, about I/O would have produced a more ‘reasonable’ question, and more research on I/O before the question was raised could have answered it.\n\nEveryone can ask questions, but in technical forums it goes a long way when a person knows HOW to ask questions. With respect to Oracle forums a good method to take when asking questions involves the following information that forum volunteers need before even attempting to provide an answer:\n\nThe Oracle version in use.\nThe clear statement of the problem.\nThe exact error message and error code Oracle provided when the problem occurred.\nIn some cases sample queries illustrating the problem and DDL to create and populate objects used in those queries.\nLog files if available.\n\nThe above list is not exhaustive but it is a very good place to begin when asking a question. Expect that more information will be requested; digging deeper into a problem can reveal areas of concern not apparent from the initial problem statement. Remember that providing more information gets better responses; the ‘answer’ is only as good as the question. For a more complete discussion of how to ask questions in a technical forum this link is an excellent resource.\n\nIn some cases English is not the questioner’s first language and that can lead to errors in communication. Idioms in the English language (both US and British) can be confusing to non-native English speakers, and literal translations into English (using friends, colleagues or websites like may not improve the situation. This is when forum volunteers may ask for additional information simply to understand the question as posed, and patience is truly a virtue. In such situations imagine yourself trying to ask a question in someone else’s native language, one you may have a rudimentary knowledge of but are far from fluent in. Making yourself understood is a challenge and it’s good to realize that when non-native English speakers are involved. The better you, as a responder, can direct the discussion the better success you and the questioner will have in getting a problem understood and possibly resolved. The person asking is in the forum for good reason so don’t let them think it was a waste of time to ask. Rudeness has no place in a technical forum, even for those questions asked 100 billion times that are answered in the documentation. Directing a person to that documentation doesn’t need to be an adversarial exchange, and a helpful ‘nudge’ goes much farther than a rude and terse “RTFM”.\n\nIt would appear that we, as a society, have become so self-absorbed that we abhor any demands placed on ‘our’ time. Unfortunately I see this behavior in forums and newsgroups by the volunteers, especially when simple, “already-answered” questions appear or the person asking the question has a limited grasp of the English language. Remember that you are a VOLUNTEER in such a group and have CHOSEN to participate; you were not forced into contributing your time and knowledge by despicable members of some Evil Empire. Behaving like a volunteer rather than as a prisoner can make all of the difference in how a thread progresses. You don’t need the patience of Job but some compassion for the person on the other end of your response would be appreciated. You have one opportunity to make a first impression so try your best to make it a good one.\n\nThere is no fame, fortune or glory in being a forum or newsgroup volunteer, magazine contributor or technical book author. If any of those are your goal then go elsewhere and write a steamy romance novel; sharing what you know should be the driving force behind any decision to join a forum or newsgroup, contribute to a technical publication or conference or write a technical book. It isn’t about your social image, it’s about helping others to understand what you know best. Also remember that it isn’t a crime to say ‘I don’t know’ because we can’t know everything, no matter how hard we might want to. Honesty and arrogance rarely co-exist; choose honesty, build a reputation of quality and people will take notice in a good way and may eventually seek you out for your knowledge, wisdom and experience. And that’s a good thing, indeed.\n\nLet me be clear about that.\n\n\nBlog at", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7498774528503418}
+{"content": "Makehole problem\n\n(Ethan Gross) #1\n\nHello, I’m trying to use the Makehole command with direction = normal to curve, with the surface being a sphere. Originally, the curve was directly on the sphere, but I could not control the depth and even if I specify it, the hole would penetrate the entire sphere. Instead, I moved the curve slightly off the sphere and tried again. This time it deletes the sphere and keeps the ‘inverse’ of the hole, but uses the correct depth FWIW. Any suggestions? Thanks.\n\n(Pascal Golay) #2\n\nHi Akilli- please post a file with the objects you are using.\n\n\n(Ethan Gross) #3\n\nHi Pascal, if I use “both sides” then I am able to set the depth. I didn’t save the original file, but here is a screenshot of the “inverse” hole.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9871695041656494}
+{"content": "Art And Culture\n\nIran’s Artful Approach Seen in Nuclear Talks\n\nIran’s Artful Approach Seen in Nuclear TalksIran’s Artful Approach Seen in Nuclear Talks\n\nPresident Hassan Rouhani urged artists and intellectuals to help the state and society by promoting ethics, creating social balance and eliminating extremism and violence, at an Iftar ceremony attended by cultural and art personalities, at the Tehran Islamic Conference Summit Hall on Saturday.\n\nIftar (fast-breaking) is the time of sunset in the fasting month of Ramadan (the ninth month of the Islamic calendar), when Muslims world-wide, who abstain from eating and drinking during daylight hours, break their fast and partake in food and drinks.\n\nThe president stressed the need to prepare the necessary grounds for artists’ creativity “as they play an important role in communicating with the world,” IRNA reported.\n\n“Art is doing the finest and most effective work through an eloquent way of expression” and in the past 22 months, the government has communicated with the world in the same manner, he said. Rouhani was referring to the negotiations with the P5+1 over Iran’s nuclear program.\n\n“Iran’s talks with the world powers can be interpreted as artistic discussions showing the strength of the nation in resolving the toughest of its problems on a historical-political scale. Logic has succeeded in preserving the people’s inalienable right,” the president added.\n\nThe artful and logical presentation of its foreign policy, even if the negotiations bear no fruit, will show the world Iran’s rational approach in never leaving the negotiation table, and answering all questions with a smile.\n\n\nExpressing regret over the prevalence of some aberrations in a society with thousand years of culture, he said, “Where there is real artistic expression, there is culture as well. Who else other than artists can expose lies, betrayal, corruption, insults and hypocrisy in the society,” he asked.\n\nCommitted art will not be achieved by force but whenever artists willingly go along with the public to reflect people’s pains and demands in their works, committed art is created. “If we want to immortalize the message of Islam and the (1979) Islamic Revolution, we need to make use of art.”\n\nArt can be expressed in an atmosphere of freedom and no artistic creativity can prosper under pressure. “The government can make policies but it has no right to interfere in the personal and professional lives of artists,” Rouhani said.\n\nRestarting national and symphony orchestras, reopening the House of Cinema, giving more space to artists in different fields to work more creatively and allocating a part of management of specific events like book fairs and film festivals to experts in the field, are among the steps the government has taken in the past two years to assist artists. “My government has not forgotten our pledges and we will continue to do our best till all the promises are fulfilled.”\n\nGovernments come and go, but the work of art remains forever, he added.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9939922094345093}
+{"content": "Does this board support both asio and wasapi in windows?\n\n\nIt looks like to me it only supports asio, @Ben007 can you confirm this. If so,are you going to support wasapi in next firmware? Also, with the small pcb board you are going to release next month, if I choose asio or wasapi exclusive mode in pc, for example using foobar 2000, when I use the foorbar volume control, will it trigger the digital volume control in the tone board? Thanks!\n\n\nBoth asio and wasapi are supported.\n\nThey didn’t trigger each other.\n\n\nSo to get the best sound quality, if I use wasapi or asio in foorbar, should I set the foobar volume to 100% and only use volume control in tone board? Or the colume control in foobar does not change the bit-perfect? Thank you very much\n\n\nThe two ways of controlling the volume do not interact with each other.\nOur software engineers are still working on it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9226728677749634}
+{"content": "Eglė Nemeikštytė is the CEO at Blockchain Centre Vilnius, the first blockchain technology centre connecting key stakeholders in Asia, Australia, and Europe. She is a constant panelist and speaker at various international blockchain events and conferences. Prior to that, Egle worked across a range of roles within EU institutions and Lithuanian Government, playing a key role in policy decision-making. She represented the EU Member States in the trilogies with the European Parliament and European Commission, chaired the EU Council’s working group meetings and was responsible for the leadership, coordination and strategy formation of the EU Council’s Consumer Affairs team during the Lithuanian Presidency.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9990676045417786}
+{"content": "Waiting in Joyful Hope\n\n\nReflecting on the Joyful Mysteries of the Rosary\n\n\n\nThis talk is a reflection on the Joyful Mysteries of the Rosary. It works best during the season of Advent, but applies at any time of the year. We dive into each of the five Joyful Mysteries and discover what they mean for us today, learning the powerful lesson of how meditating on these important moments in the life of Jesus and His Mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary, can help us come closer to both of them.\n\nThis talk was recorded live at Santa Rosa de Lima Catholic Church in San Fernando, California.\n\nPLEASE NOTE: This is a digital download, not a physical product. Upon purchase you will be given access to download the MP3 file which can be played on your computer, smartphone, or tablet.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9901270866394043}
+{"content": "How it works\n\nSourceAFIS algorithm is mostly about understanding fingerprints. Of course, SourceAFIS is not a human, so how could it understand anything? For algorithms, understanding data means describing it with high-level abstractions. In case of SourceAFIS, these high-level abstractions are minutiae, or ridge endings and bifurcations. Minutiae are simply points on the image with associated direction angle.\n\nMinutiae found on the fingerprint image.\n\nThis is essentially what gets saved in the template. Many small abstractions happen along the way from fingerprint image to the list of minutiae (the template), but we will talk about that some other time.\n\nAfter minutiae, there is one more abstraction step, which produces edges. Edge is a line connecting two minutiae. Edge has length and two angles inherited from its minutiae. Edge angles are expressed as relative to the edge. These three properties of the edge (length and two relative angles) do not change when the edge is moved or rotated and that's exactly what we need for matching.\n\nColor is determined by edge length and angles. Similar edges have similar colors.\n\nSourceAFIS then tries to find at least one edge shared by the two fingerprints being matched. This is done very quickly using a nearest neighbor algorithm that has performance comparable to a hash table. That will give us the root pair, which is the initial pair of matched minutiae, one from each fingerprint.\n\nStarting from the root pair, SourceAFIS crawls edges outwards and builds a pairing consisting of a number of paired minutiae and paired edges.\n\nRoot minutiae are blue. Pairing tree is green. Graph of supporting edges is yellow.\n\nSourceAFIS now looks carefully at the pairing and decides whether such pairing means a match or whether it's just a coincidence. Of course, everything could be a coincidence, but the difference between weak and strong match is that strong match is very unlikely to be a coincidence.\n\nThis is where SourceAFIS runs scoring, the last part of the algorithm. The basic idea is that every paired minutia or edge is an event that is unlikely to happen randomly. The more of such unlikely events there are, the less likely the pairing is to be just a coincidence. So the algorithm essentially counts various matched features and also scores them on how closely they match. Final sum of the partial scores is shaped to align to some reasonable scale and returned from the algorithm. Application takes the score and compares it to some threshold to decide whether it's a match or not.\n\nIf you are still hungry for information, take a look at template format and algorithm transparency. Reading the source code is the definitive way to answer all your remaining questions.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9203331470489502}
+{"content": "Short and Sweet #56 – Irritation\n\nMost of us have experienced irritation for one reason or another in our life. This irritation is a clue about our unconscious programming. Remember, everything that irritates us can lead us to a better understanding of ourselves. When we watch our reactions, responses, feelings, and thoughts about other people and events, we are given an opportunity to make a shift in our field of awareness. This shift allows us to let go of our unconscious programming, which releases the behaviors that no longer serve us.\n\nFirst, make a decision that this is your intention, then begin to notice each time you become irritated. Sometimes you may not see your irritation until after the fact, and that is OK. The important thing is the recognition of the irritation, not when you notice it. As you continue this practice, you will eventually feel or hear your irritation right when it happens.\n\nIrritation will make itself known to you through your thoughts, a feeling or a sensation in your body. Once you become aware, notice or remember what was said or happened to make you irritated.\n\nRemember this exercise is not about beating yourself up because of your behavior, you are already doing this each time you get irritated. Irritation throws your body into an uncomfortable state, changing your mood, blood pressure, heart rate, and many other physiological changes occur. This is about letting go, just notice, reset your intention to notice your next irritation and move on. Over time, you will let go of the energetic pattern (behavior), and your True Self will rise to the surface leaving you more relaxed and peaceful.\n\nOriginal post 3-26-2014 edited and reposted 12-10-2018\n\nTrue Success\n\nHow do you define true success in your life? Many think that their accomplishments are the sign of a successful life. We are conditioned to believe that the job we have or the money we earn determines our level of success. We are taught to think that the size of our house or the number of possessions we have, signifies success.\n\nHave you noticed that everything that I mentioned above can be taken away at any moment? If it were, would you still consider yourself a successful person or are you now a failure?\n\nThe idea that things define our level of success is all based on our conditioning and beliefs that we developed at a very young age, and that gets passed down from generation to generation. Then we carry these beliefs throughout our entire lives without ever exploring what might lie underneath the person we have become and our beliefs. We just assume that this is who we are and that we formed these beliefs out of our own free will.\n\nWhen we put too much emphasis on what we have acquired or even accomplished, we can tie our identity to them, and when we find ourselves without them, we feel lost in life. We put so much energy into finding, getting or caring for these things, that we do not know who we are without them.\n\nA successful person knows who they really are, their very essence and that allows them to be grounded in the present moment. This requires waking up to our conditioning through awareness and then releasing it.\n\nThe conditioned self is called the False-Self. It is the person you have become through your conditioning; an artificial persona that you created to protect yourself.\n\nThe True-Self is ever-present awareness, and from this state when something or someone is lost to you, you do not become a casualty of your experience. You are still able to embrace the gift of your life fully, and all that means. You realize that each experience in your life has something to offer you, and that is for your highest good. Even in those times when you do not like it, or it hurts.\n\nWithout a keener sense of awareness, you are destined to continue repeating your conditioned behaviors until you die. Without ever knowing true success in this life and what living life to the fullest feels like. You will be fooled by your False-Self into thinking that what you are experiencing now in your life is all it has to offer. This erroneous thinking will keep stuck in a repetitive loop, a sort of sleepwalking, and you will never be able to see true success or enjoy the experience of it.\n\nFinding the Middle\n\nMost things that happen in life are not good or bad; they are good and bad. Where do you put your attention? Do you have enough awareness to see them both? Do you only see the bad, which leaves you anxious, angry or depressed? On the other hand, do you focus only on the good, convincing yourself that nothing is wrong? Seeing life either way will only lead to suffering and the continued loss of our humanity.\n\nRemember life is not about getting, it is about giving. Too many have forgotten this, and have fallen into a trance. Their focus is too narrow, and they can only see the good or the bad. This forgetfulness creates a more significant disparity between those who have and those who don’t, leaving our world in war, hunger, poverty, and turmoil.\n\nWe must awaken from our trance, or we will continue to spiral down. Our lost humanity will not just be something we gasp at in the news; it will become so regular that we will grow numb to our inhumanity.  This has already begun to happen in the name of peace and safety. Can you see it?\n\nWill we find a way to wake up or will we continue down our current path? Each one of us must ask this question of ourselves. We must be willing to take an honest look at our beliefs and perceptions so that we can uncover the truth. Otherwise, we will continue to parrot our conditioned views and judgments out into the world, and that will only strengthen what we most dislike about it.\n\nWhen we can stay in the middle, a balanced life is lived, and happiness becomes the norm. We learn to appreciate the good and have the strength to take action to improve the bad. Can we find the middle or will we continue to fight for what we think is ours and ours alone?\n\nHow is it…?\n\nHow is it that we always have enough money to go to war, buy weapons, bail out the banks, but we cannot find a way to feed, clothe and house the homeless?\n\nSo many politicians, including those who run for President, say they are Christian yet how is this behavior Christian? How does it even make sense to so many people? Are they just ignoring it, not seeing it or too focused on their own life to notice it?\n\nThose of you who do see it, are you speaking out, taking action or have you become numb to this insane behavior.\n\nIt seems if we have an endless amount of money to kill and destroy, that we ought to be able to find the money to help the sick, the homeless and those in need. I believe this to be the logical and moral thing to do, the Christian or human thing to do. What do you think?\n\nHow to Change the World\n\nThe next time you get frustrated, angry or upset with another person for his or her actions or words, remember that we are all doing the best we can in every moment; this is a fact.\n\nRemembering this fact is not always easy to do because we will react to our thoughts, which are influenced by our conditioning. Past conditioning can cause our response to be inappropriate or disproportionate to what is happening. Our thoughts will tell us that it is the other person’s fault that we feel this way, but in truth, no one’s action or words alone have the power to upset us. We do that all on our own.\n\nThink back to a time when your response to what someone did or said was inappropriate, or you overreacted. Also, notice if your reply was out of character or went against how you see yourself. Noticing this will allow you to see that there is more going on here than just what the other person did. You are witnessing your conditioning in action.\n\nIt was your thoughts and perceptions about the person’s words or actions, which evolved from your conditioning that generated your response. These misleading thoughts will make it difficult for you to respond appropriately until you let go of your conditioning.\n\nYou cannot think your way into reconnecting with your True-Self, you need to let go of who you have become for this to happen, to do that you have to become aware of your conditioning. How do you become aware of your conditioning? By paying more attention to your thoughts and the actions that arise out of those thoughts.\n\nThe next time a loved one, friend or co-worker is treating you in a way that makes you feel irritated, see if you can notice what you are thinking. In the beginning, you may not be able to hear your thoughts or notice your behavior until after the fact; know that this is okay. By paying more attention to your thoughts during or even after the event, you will begin to see your conditioning.\n\nKnow that every person who acts poorly towards you is suffering in some way. With this new understanding, release your suffering and conditioning, by being compassionate towards them. Use your personal experience to draw from; can you remember a time when you were angry or rude to someone? Don’t you wish that you had received compassion and love and not their displeasure with your behavior?\n\nRemember the past is only a predictor of the future when we are not paying attention and then taking action from what we learn. Pay attention to your thoughts and actions. Release your conditioning and reconnect with your True-Self, this is our highest calling, because when we change from within the world outside us will also change.\n\nWake Up! Wake Up! Wake Up!\n\nI feel your pain and suffering. Let it go! I see your perfection and infinite beauty. Wake up to it! I understand how lost and lonely you think you are and yet I am here for you always. Your thoughts are lying to you, and you only have to wake up to this fact.\n\nBecause I love you, I tell you that you only have to want to feel your True-Self again and you will. Your continued attentive nature of seeing the truth will reconnect you to your True-Self because it has never left you. It is there to guide you, and you only need to stop believing every word the False-Self tells you. Wake up! Wake up! Wake up! You were never lost, just dreaming that you were. Wake up! Wake up! Wake up! I am here gently nudging you every moment of every day. Wake up! Wake up! Wake up!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6926670074462891}
+{"content": "Distance from to\n\nDistance from Lithuania to Solomon Islands\n\nDistance from Lithuania to Solomon Islands is 13,677 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 8,498 miles.\n\nThe air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Lithuania and Solomon Islands is 13,677 km= 8,498 miles.\n\nIf you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Lithuania to Solomon Islands, It takes 15.18 hours to arrive.\n\n\nGPS Coordinates (DMS)55° 10´ 9.9840'' N\n23° 52´ 52.6080'' E\nAltitude34 m\n\nMap of Lithuania\n\nLithuania Distances to Countries\n\nDistance from Lithuania to Mozambique8,284 km\nDistance from Ivory Coast to Lithuania5,901 km\nDistance from Lithuania to Sierra Leone6,067 km\n\nSolomon Islands\n\nGPS Coordinates9° 38´ 44.5560'' S\n160° 9´ 22.2840'' E\nAltitude519 m\nCountrySolomon Islands\n\nMap of Solomon Islands\n\nSolomon Islands Distances to Countries\n\nSolomon IslandsDistance\nDistance from Comoros to Solomon Islands12,642 km\nDistance from Northern Mariana Islands to Solomon Islands3,181 km\nDistance from Madagascar to Solomon Islands12,050 km", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9996232986450195}
+{"content": "Excel Word Count2018-10-25T22:43:05+00:00\n\nThe Excel Word Count. The Best Word Frequency Count Tool.\n\nExcel does not have a built-in tool to count the frequencies, repetitions and fuzzy matches. If you want to check an accurate word count of your excel file and save on repetitions and fuzzy matches, you can use my premium Excel Word Count tool which is available only for professional translators.\n\nExcel file*\nYour e-mail*\n\nWhy to use my Excel word count tool?\n\nCalculate Discount For Excel Translation\n\nWhen you get your excel word count analysis, you can calculate possible discounts for your translation project. The word frequency counter report will show you how many repetitions and fuzzy matches there are in the text. With my translation calculator, you can check what kind of discount you can get based on the word frequency statistics.\n\nTranslation Calculator", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9669245481491089}
+{"content": "Plato: Meno\n\nBookPlato: Meno\n\nPlato: Meno\n\nAris & Phillips Classical Texts\n\n\nJanuary 1st, 1985\n\n\n\n\n\nPlato's Meno is the dialogue which more than any other occupies a transitional position between the early Socratic dialogues and the developed middle period theory of the Phaedo, Symposium and Republic. It is thus of particular interest for the insights that it gives us into the process by which Plato arrived at that theory. The issues which it raises are philosophically interesting in themselves: how can we know that we have the right answer to a question, unless we knew what the answer was before we asked the question in the first place? Is excellence (arete¡) something that we can acquire by being taught, or is it something that we are born with? And the dialogue is of historical interest for the evidence it provides, both for ancient Greek notions of what constitutes excellence, and for contemporary attitudes to the Sophists, who claimed to teach excellence and took larger fees for doing so. Greek text with facing-page translation and notes and commentary.\n\nAbout The Author\n\nR.W. Sharples was Professor of Classics at University College London. He is the author of several books including 'Stoics, Epicureans and Sceptics' (Routledge, 1996).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6013681888580322}
+{"content": "Blood Pressure\n\nThis page contains the most recent discussion threads pertaining to Blood Pressure, as well as a list of all of the drugs falling within this category.\n\nBlood Pressure Overview\n\nBlood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. Used without further specification, \"blood pressure\" usually refers to the pressure in large arteries of the systemic circulation. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum during one heart beat) over diastolic pressure (minimum in between two heart beats) and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), above the surrounding atmospheric pressure. Blood pressure is on...\n\nRead more Blood Pressure Details\n\nRecent Blood Pressure Forums: RSS Feed\n\nAurobindo versus Teva Metoprolol Tartrate 50mg\n\nMy pharmacy refilled my Teva Metoprolol Tartrate 50 mg with Metoprolol manufactured by Aurobindo. I've taken Teva Met Tart for 4 years with great results and no side effects. After taking 50mg Aurobindo Metoprolol Tart, the side effects were immediate. The Aurobindo Metoprolol 50 mg tab did not bring down my BP and it kept climbing. In the meantime my lips and upper face went numb, heart beat felt erratic, cold, shortness of breath, burning sternum, shakiness, nausea and headache. . . etc. No, this wasn't a heart attack. I'm looking for a replacement for the Teva as I understand they merged with Watson. Does anyone have any information on if Teva/Watson is producing Metoprolol Tartrate 50mg tablets under another Mfg. name. ## Just looked this up. I've been having issues ...\n\nUpdated in Metoprolol\nMetoprolol & hair loss\n\nI have been taking 200 mg. a day for about 4 years. I thought it was a coincidence that I've lost 50% of my hair during this time because I am also going through menopause. I just found out that it is possible the hair loss is caused by metoprolol, so my doctor just wrote me a RX for a different drug. Will my hair grow back? It was very long, down to my waist, but I've been cutting it to compensate for the thinness. I just touch my head and lose a few hairs! Any ideas? ## I have been on 25 mg of metoprolol for 2 months and my hair is rapidly falling out. I have stopped taking it. Will my hair stop falling out? Is the hair loss that I have already experienced reversable? ## If your hair loss truly was caused by taking Metoprolol, then yes, your hair will all grow back. BUT you we...\n\nUpdated in Metoprolol\nGG 269 round white tablet\n\nWhat is a small white round tablet with GG 269 on it? ## I believe the original imprint posted here is incorrect. There are a couple of possible tablets which are likely what is being asking about. The first one is a round white tablet with GG 296 on it. That is Loratadine 10 mg (NDC 0781-5077). It's an antihistamine \"used to temporarily relieve the symptoms of hay fever (allergy to pollen, dust, or other substances in the air) and other allergies.\" [1] Inactive ingredients: - Lactose Monohydrate - Magnesium Stearate - Cellulose, Microcrystalline - Sodium Starch Glycolate Type a Potato And the second one is a round white tablet with imprint GG 264. This is Atenolol 100 mg (NDC 0781-1507), which is a medication \"used alone or in combination with other medications to trea...\n\nUpdated in Atenolol\nRamipril Side Effects\n\ni have been on 12.5mg of ramipril each day for the past 2 and half years. We have now got a new doctor in our practice and he says that it is a too high dosage for me and now has put me on 10mg of ramipril and 5mg of amlodipine. Could the high dosage of rampipril caused anything to me, i have my blood pressure checked every three months and bloods done every six months or can it do anything to me in the future. ## That's actually not a really high dosage, it can go up to 20mgs a day for hypertension. Why did he feel it was too high of a dose, were your blood pressure readings low, while you were taking it? Next question, why is it only being checked every 3 months? Are you checking it yourself, at home? ## I have not had a bowel movement in almost 4 months. Have had every test known...\n\nUpdated in Ramipril\nPill identification-herbal or\n\nMy fiance has pills in a prescription bottle that are not the pills that belong in them. I am wondering if I should be concerned. Since they are in a different bottle than what they came in. I know it's shady it me to look, but before I ask him, I wanted to look first. They are long narrow, white, oblong pill. When cut in half it's light brown that turns darker when wet. Smells herbal or tea like. He complains of back and nerve pain, but hasn't seen the Dr. He takes blood pressure pills. That's the bottle they are in. An old blood pressure pills script bottle. About 20mm long. No marking. Smooth on outside. White. Inside is brown. Couple it be pain pills from Mexico? Marijuana pills? Weight loss? Impotence? ## Hello Curious, According to the [1] FDA imprint regulations t...\n\nMetoprolol Er Tab Suc Side Effects\n\nThis drug Metoprolo er tab suc 25mg is used for high blood pressure and they say it will treat cardiac conditions. What I want to know is what cardiac condition does it treat? I have heart fluctions and as far as I know I am not getting any medications for that. my blood pressure at home is always in the normal range 120/65 for my age, 79 but when I am in the DR. office it is always is high 145/ 79. Is there any medications I can take for my heart fluctions? Leo ## What do you mean by heart fluctuations? Do you mean an increased heart rate? Or are you referring to palpitations where you seem to be skipping beats occasionally? Metoprolol can improve cardiac function and is used to treat both of the issues I asked about. Learn more Metoprolol details here. It is a beta blocker, so it is o...\n\nUpdated in Metoprolol\nSide Effects For Metoprolol Succ Er\n\ni am taking metoprolol succer 50 mg also taking blood pressure pill. have light headeness when getting up after sitting awhile. also have no energy am 77 but this is first i have ever taken meds. have a fib lillian ## Metoprolol is a beta blocker and the dizziness you're experiencing when you stand up may be due to orthostatic hypertension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure. Learn more Orthostatic details here. Learn more Metoprolol details here. The low energy just may be a side effect of it. How long have you been taking it? ## This med has horrible side effects consult your dr... ## I AGREE - slept a lot but couldn't sleep at night. No energy, and libido / desire went to the curb.\n\nUpdated in Metoprolol\n\nMy bp levels r in the range 120-140 n 75-90... N pulse is between 90 - 110 ## Seloken contains the active ingredient Metoprolol, and Telma contains Telmisartan, so they are different medications, although both as used to treat high blood pressure and certain cardiac conditions. The NIH lists the typical side effects as possibly including nausea, dizziness, headache, increased urination, and hypotension. Which one has been prescribed for you? ## Mamta is suffering from high blood pressure and the doctor has prescribed both the tablet Slovenia 50 &Telma 40\n\nUpdated in Metoprolol\nRx Plan Changed From Benicar 20mg Tab To Losartan 100mg\n\nIs the dosage strength equivalent? What if any difference are there between the two besides price? ## The active ingredient in Losartan is Losartan potassium. This drug is manufactured by Teva Pharms. The active ingredient in Benicar is Olmesartan medoxomil. This drug is manufactured by Daiichi Sankyo. From what I could gather, both drugs are classified as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used to treat high blood pressure. That said, the only differences I could find were between the chemical structures of the drug itself, as well as any other inactive ingredients that the different manufacturers decide to put into the pill. Both of these factors however can influence how the the drug absorbs into your system and therefore determine how effective one is over the other, which can v...\n\nUpdated in Benicar\nHow many clonidine pills would be considered an overdose?\n\nI was just informed that my family member just took 7 Clonidines. Is this an overdose? Please answer as soon as possible. ## I sincerely hope that this person's family member suffered no ill effects. When it comes to posts like this, it really can't be stressed enough that if you think the life or health of someone is in danger, please contact your nearest emergency treatment facility or take them in to one! While there are always people on sites, such as this one, that will help if they can, there is nothing I can do to help you save a life, if that's what it comes down to. I cannot administer CPR or any type of life-saving measure over the Internet. I wish we could, but it just isn't possible. And with this post, the dosage wasn't included, so there's no way an...\n\nUpdated in Clonidine\n\nBlood Pressure Medications (308 results)\n\nNote: All times displayed are GMT - 7.\n\n\nWe are committed to your privacy.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9211084246635437}
+{"content": "What is a CT (or “Cat Scan”)?\n\nCommonly known as a “Cat Scan,” CT stands for Computed Tomography, a non-invasive medical test that uses cross-sectional images to create a nearly 3-D view of a specific area or system inside the body. The CT scanner has a large ring and an x-ray tube that rotates 360 degrees around the area being studied, taking multiple pictures, or slices, in just seconds. The slices are sent to a computer screen to form a composite image that can be sent immediately to your doctor and produced as a hard copy for in-depth examination.\n\nWhat kind of CT scanners does RAO offer?\n\nRadiology Associates uses only helical CTs, which provide enhanced image quality and greater detection capabilities with less radiation exposure than conventional CT. And we are proud to announce that RAO’s Medical Imaging Center now features the newest, most advanced CT technology available, the 64-slice CT, with four times the number of detectors to produce the sharpest, quickest composite image with the least possible radiation dose. It is a true breakthrough in CT imaging.\n\nWhen necessary to get a more accurate picture, an injectable contrast agent may be administered to clarify organs and structures that might not be seen otherwise. Contrast agent may or may not be needed in your particular case.\n\nWhat does CT provide that other imaging procedures don’t?\n\nUnlike other imaging methods, CT scanning offers detailed, nearly 3-D views of many types of tissue, including the lungs, bones, soft tissues and blood vessels.\n\nWhere is CT offered?\n\nAt Radiology Associates of Ocala, CT is offered at two convenient locations: Medical Imaging Center and TimberRidge Imaging Center.\n\nWhat to Expect\n\nDuring the exam, you will lie on a table, and it will slowly move in order for the x-ray to image the entire area. You will be asked not to move, and to hold your breath while each x-ray picture is taken. CT scanning causes no pain, and with CT, the need to lie still for any length of time is reduced.\n\nQuick Links:\n\n\nWe take your trust and care to heart. That’s why we maintain ongoing accreditation in key diagnostic services from the American College of Radiology, so you can feel confident regarding the safety and accuracy of your care.\n\nResource Center\n\nDiscover the latest news and information about radiology services, breakthrough procedures and treatments, RAO’s commitment to our community, and other items of interest.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5835376977920532}
+{"content": "Physical properties of fluid and boundary conditions\n\nThe thermodynamic properties of the water are considered in this study. The velocity and is assumed to be zero at the beginning. The operation pressure in the tank is taken 1 atmosphere and the hot water temperature is assumed to be 320 K when the water usage started. The time between the water is started to be used and the water usage was finished is assumed as calculation region. This time is taken as 30 minute and the problem solved as unsteady.\n\n2.2. The numerical method\n\nThe velocity and temperature distributions inside the tank have obtained by using the computer code [12]. Three dimensional unsteady solutions are taken by using implicit method in segregated solver. The discretization is achieved by using standard method for pressure and by using first upwind method for momentum, energy, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate equations. The SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations) algorithm was used for flow calculations.\n\nThe convergence is very important in numerical calculation by using the code. Solutions were assumed to converge when the following convergence criterion is satisfied by every dependent\nvariable at every grid point in the computational domain\n\npnew — pold\n\n\nWhere (^) in general could be any dependent variable. In this study, ^=10’3 for continuity, momentum. Turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate equations. This value is 10^6 or energy equations.\n\nTo under-relaxation factors are assumed as 0.3, 0.7, 1, 0.8, 0.8 and 1 for pressure, momentum, energy equations, turbulent kinetic energy (k), turbulent dissipation rate (s) and turbulent viscosity (pt) as, respectively. This factor has assumed as 1 for body force and density.\n\nДобавить комментарий\n\nВаш e-mail не будет опубликован. Обязательные поля помечены *", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9868870973587036}
+{"content": "uk es it fr pt nl\nCollignon Notations\nQualité quand ça marche: 2.0\nConsistance des Vagues: 1.0\nNiveau de Difficulté: 1.0\nFoule a l'Eau: 4.0\n\nGénéral: 2.6\n\nVoir toutes les 18 notations\n\nBasé sur 1 vote. Voter\n\nSurf Report Feed\n\nStatistiques de Houle pour Collignon, Juin: Toutes Houles – Tous Vents\n\nThe figure describes the variation of swells directed at Collignon through a typical June and is based upon 2785 NWW3 model predictions since 2006 (values every 3 hours). The wave model does not forecast wind and surf right at the coastline so we have chosen the best grid node based on what we know about Collignon. In this particular case the best grid node is 38 km away (24 miles).\n\n\nThe diagram suggests that the dominant swell direction, shown by the longest spokes, was W (which was the same as the dominant wind direction). Because the wave model grid is away from the coast, sometimes a strong offshore wind blows largest waves away from Collignon and out to sea. We combine these with the no surf category of the bar chart. To simplify things we don't show these in the rose graph. Because wind determines whether or not waves are surfable at Collignon, you can select a similar diagram that shows only the swells that were forecast to coincide with glassy or offshore wind conditions. Over an average June, swells large enough to cause good for surfing waves at Collignon run for about 50% of the time.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8814563751220703}
+{"content": "A long distance swimmer who calls himself \"the shark\" just dove into the Guinness Book of World Records after completing a 22-mile swim for charity. Jim Dreyer swam a distance longer than the English Channel near the Michigan - Canada border in order to support Habitat for Humanity of Michigan ... all while pulling bricks behind him. \n\nDreyer said the swim and the bricks were very symbolic in a state that has experienced an immense amount of financial hardship.\n\n\"Nobody has felt more economic pain in this country than the state of Michigan,\" he told Happening Now's Jenna Lee on Friday.\n\n\"Bricks are obviously very symbolic of building,\" he added. \"...There's a message of hope that we wanted to deliver, that we don't have to sink with the weight of our burdens.\"\n\nWatch his inspirational interview.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9224836230278015}
+{"content": "rrlogowipo2  gulfstream consider it done  edr-logodunhillhermesliberty vat69\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWelcome visitor you can log in or create an account\n\nHandicapping: The Player, The Team, The Tournament\n\nLooking Back\n\n\nThe most beautiful thing about the sport of polo is that it can be played by anyone, regardless of age, sex, nationality or background. If a player shows up with a good attitude and a willingness to play, they are welcomed onto the polo field. One of the reasons the United States Polo Association was created was to create a unified handicapping system; allowing more even matches and international competition. Because a handicap is stated in ‘goals’ it’s often confused to mean how many goals that player is expected to make during a game. The two types of “goals” are unrelated.\n\n\nPlayer Handicap\n\nEach player is denoted a handicap based on ability, horsemanship, understanding of the rules, use to the team and sportsmanship. Handicaps range from -2 to 10. A -2 goal player would be one that had basic control of his horse, make contact with the ball, and understands the rules enough to begin to play. A 10 goal player is an absolute master of the sport. Since the inception of this handicapping system, less than 50 players have ever been awarded a 10-goal ranking. About 2/3 of all USPA handicapped players carry a rating of 2-goals or less. A 5-goal handicap or above usually implies a professional.\n\nTeam Handicap\n\nThe total handicaps of the members of a team are combined to create the team’s handicap. The team with the lesser handicap is then awarded the difference in goals at the beginning of the match, to level the game.\n\n\nIn an “open” tournament, teams play “on the flat”, meaning no handicap advantage is given to the weaker team. You’ll commonly hear games or tournaments being described as low, medium or high goal. Low goal is generally below 10 goals. Medium goal polo is normally between 10 and 18 goals and high goal polo is anything over 18 goals. This is important because there is another USPA rule that says “in any USPA event with an upper handicap limit of 4 goals or above, the handicap of any player may not exceed ¾ of the upper handicap limit.” Players with a -2 handicap cannot play in any USPA events, the reasoning being that they simply do not have the experience or ability to play safely. A player with a -1 ranking may not play above the 12 goal level for the same reason. There is also a rule stating “there shall be no more than one -1 rated player per team in any USPA event above 4 goals.” This is to avoid having the team’s ability too far spread.\n\n\nIn the 1930s, in a highly publicized game, both number 3s were at one point knocked unconscious, but later returned to finish the match. In the same game, another player’s leg was broken during a ride-off. As a result, the USPA changed the rules to severly penalize rough play and ensure that injured players could be substituted for if they were unable to play. According to the USPA rule book, an unlimited number of substitutions “shall be permitted at the end of any period, except…relating to an injured player.” The substituting player needs to carry a USPA handicap and the team’s new total handicap must not exceed the limit for that event. For example, in a 10 goal tournament, if the player subbing in for an injured player is ranked higher than who he is replacing, the total handicap for the team cannot exceed 10 goals. Running with that example, the highest handicap a team holds at any point during the game will be the handicap recorded for the game. If a substitute cannot be found, the team will play on with one less player, but the team’s handicap will stay the same.\n\n\nIt can happen that a player is grossly under-handicapped. Sometimes, a player improves dramatically in a short period of time, playing at a much higher level than his USPA handicap reflects. This most often happens when a player improves the horses in his string. Coincidentally, a player’s handicap could be higher than his skill. The USPA does it’s best to eliminate the use of ringers on the field. One of the best ways it does this is by reassessing a player’s handicap twice a year. That being said, if it becomes painfully obvious that a player is under-handicapped, the USPA can change a player’s handicap at any time. If a player’s handicap is raised during a tournament, which forces the team’s total to go above the tournament limits, the team must reorganize unless the tournament organizers and both teams agree.\n\n\nFor more tips and tricks be sure to visit us at Loudoun Polo!!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9717579483985901}
+{"content": "Consent Policy\n\nIn MUSHing terms, consent affects how much control you have over your character and their environment. Simply by connecting to Requiem Aeternum and gaining approval, players are agreeing to follow the policies and regulations of this game.\n\nIn regards to playing here, we follow the rule of *In Character Actions = In Character Consequences*. What this means is that what players roleplay as their characters will lead other characters to roleplay the consequences of this, and that players should accept these consequences. This includes everything up to, and including, character death. If a player making the choice to have their character commit a crime for which the punishment is death, then the player should expect that if they are caught, the character will be killed.\n\nIf a player is ever unsure about a situation and whether the consequences of their IC actions have been played out correctly, we urge those players to contact a staff member to adjudicate.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9955487847328186}
+{"content": "Wild Boar\n\nWild boar, also known as wild pig, includes many subspecies and it is the wild ancestor of the domestic pig.\n\nProducts - Wild Boar\n\nEastern European\n\nWild boar\n\nThe Denham Estate supplies hunted Wild Boar from the forests of Eastern Europe.\n\nAvailability of pure, hunted wild boar is restricted due to the custom of hunters retaining the carcasses for their own personal use and also the high demand generally for hunted wild boar in Europe but the Denham Estate uses it's very best endeavours to ensure consistency and continuity of supply to its customers.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9996476769447327}
+{"content": "9832 Caseys Crossing\nWest Chester OH 45069\n\nProject Management\n\nImagine a construction management tool that integrates construction accounting and project management in one solution.\n\nWith Document Control, eliminate the paper chase and desktop clutter and track all essential project communication in one centralized location.\n\nGenerate change orders and monitor their status from pending to approved or denied. Maintain job transmittals, submittals, RFIs, meeting minutes, drawing logs, punch lists and field logs to name a few. Create and maintain job time lines and schedule resources such as subcontractors, equipment and employees. Generated documents are Word templates, making them easy to customize with company logos, colors and specific verbiage according to your needs.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7674548029899597}
+{"content": "Hookworm infection, also known as hookworm disease, is an infection by a parasitic bloodsucking roundworm. Hookworm infections include ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis. These worms live in the small intestine of their host, which may be a bird or a mammal such as a dog, cat, or human. Hookworm infection in pregnancy can cause retarded growth of the fetus, premature birth and a low birth weight. Hookworms in children can cause intellectual, cognitive and growth problems.\n\nTwo species of hookworms commonly infect humans: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. A. duodenale predominates in the Middle East, North Africa, India and (formerly) in southern Europe, while N. americanus predominates in the Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, China, and Indonesia. A. tubaeforme infects cats, A. caninum infects dogs and A. braziliense and Uncinaria stenocephala infect both cats and dogs. Hookworms are much smaller than the giant roundworms Ascaris lumbricoides and so cause less tissue damage and obstruction. The most significant risk of hookworm infection is anemia, secondary to loss of iron (and protein) in the gut. The worms suck blood voraciously and damage the mucosa. However, the blood loss in the stools is not visibly apparent. Hookworm infection affects over half a billion people globally. It is a leading cause of maternal and child morbidity in the developing countries of the tropics and subtropics. In developed countries, hookworm infection is rarely fatal, but anemia can be significant in a heavily infected individual. Hookworm infection is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis and therefore classified as a neglected tropical disease.[2] Ancylostomiasis is the disease caused when Ancylostoma duodenale hookworms, present in large numbers, produce an iron deficiency anemia by sucking blood from the host's intestinal walls. There are no specific symptoms or signs of hookworm infection, but they give rise to a combination of intestinal inflammation and progressive iron-deficiency anemia and protein deficiency. Coughing, chest pain, wheezing, and fever will sometimes result from severe infection. Epigastric pains, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea can occur early or in later stages as well, although gastrointestinal symptoms tend to improve with time. Signs of advanced severe infection are those of anemia and protein deficiency, including emaciation, cardiac failure and abdominal distension with ascites. Larval invasion of the skin (mostly in the Americas) can produce a skin disease called cutaneous larva migrans also known as creeping eruption. The hosts of these worms are not human and the larvae can only penetrate the upper five layers of the skin, where they give rise to intense, local itching, usually on the foot or lower leg, known as ground itch. This infection is due to larvae from the A. Braziliense hookworm. The larvae migrate in tortuous tunnels between the stratum basale and stratum corneum of the skin, causing serpiginous vesicular lesions. With advancing movement of the larvae, the rear portions of the lesions become dry and crusty. The lesions are typically intensely itchy. A. duodenale worms are grayish white or pinkish with the head slightly bent in relation to the rest of the body. This bend forms a definitive hook shape at the anterior end for which hookworms are named. They possess well-developed mouths with two pairs of teeth. While males measure approximately one centimeter by 0.5 millimeter, the females are often longer and stouter. Additionally, males can be distinguished from females based on the presence of a prominent posterior copulatory bursa. N. americanus is very similar in morphology to A. duodenale. N. americanus is generally smaller than A. duodenale with males usually 5 to 9 mm long and females about 1 cm long. Whereas A. duodenale possesses two pairs of teeth, N. americanus possesses a pair of cutting plates in the buccal capsule. Additionally, the hook shape is much more defined in Necator than in Ancylostoma. See the image for the biological life cycle of the hookworm where it thrives in warm earth where temperatures are over 18 °C. They exist primarily in sandy or loamy soil and cannot live in clay or muck. Rainfall averages must be more than 1000 mm (40 inches) a year for them to survive. Only if these conditions exist can the eggs hatch. Infective larvae of Necator americanus can survive at higher temperatures, whereas those of Ancylostoma duodenale are better adapted to cooler climates. Generally, they live for only a few weeks at most under natural conditions, and die almost immediately on exposure to direct sunlight or desiccation. Infection of the host is by the larvae, not the eggs. While A. duodenale can be ingested, the usual method of infection is through the skin; this is commonly caused by walking barefoot through areas contaminated with fecal matter. The larvae are able to penetrate the skin of the foot, and once inside the body, they migrate through the vascular system to the lungs, and from there up the trachea, and are swallowed. They then pass down the esophagus and enter the digestive system, finishing their journey in the intestine, where the larvae mature into adult worms.Once in the host gut, Necator tends to cause a prolonged infection, generally 1–5 years (many die within a year or two of infecting), though some adult worms have been recorded to live for 15 years or more. On the other hand, Ancylostoma adults are short lived, surviving on average for only about 6 months. However, infection can be prolonged because dormant larvae can be recruited sequentially from tissue stores (see Pathology, above) over many years, to replace expired adult worms. This can give rise to seasonal fluctuations in infection prevalence and intensity (apart from normal seasonal variations in transmission). They mate inside the host, females laying up to 30,000 eggs per day and some 18 to 54 million eggs during their lifetime, which pass out in feces. Because it takes 5–7 weeks for adult worms to mature, mate and produce eggs, in the early stages of very heavy infection, acute symptoms might occur without any eggs being detected in the patient's feces. This can make diagnosis very difficult. N. americanus and A. duodenale eggs can be found in warm, moist soil where they will eventually hatch into first stage larvae, or L1. L1, the feeding non-infective rhabditoform stage, will feed on soil microbes and eventually molt into second stage larvae, L2. L2, which is also in the rhabditoform stage, will feed for approximately 7 days and then molt into the third stage larvae, or L3. L3 is the filariform stage of the parasite, that is, the non-feeding infective form of the larvae. The L3 larvae are extremely motile and will seek higher ground to increase their chances of penetrating the skin of a human host. The L3 larvae can survive up to 2 weeks without finding a host. While N. americanus larvae only infect through penetration of skin, A. duodenale can infect both through penetration as well as orally. After the L3 larvae have successfully entered the host, the larvae then travel through the subcutaneous venules and lymphatic vessels of the human host. Eventually, the L3 larvae enter the lungs through the pulmonary capillaries and break out into the alveoli. They will then travel up the trachea to be coughed and swallowed by the host. After being swallowed, the L3 larvae are then found in the small intestine where they molt into the L4, or adult worm stage. The entire process from skin penetration to adult development takes about 5–9 weeks. The female adult worms will release eggs (N. americanus about 9,000–10,000 eggs/day and A. duodenale 25,000–30,000 eggs/day) which are passed in the feces of the human host. These eggs will hatch in the environment within several days and the cycle will start anew. Diagnosis depends on finding characteristic worm eggs on microscopic examination of the stools, although this is not possible in early infection. Early signs of infection in most dogs include limbular limping and anal itching. The eggs are oval or elliptical, measuring 60 µm by 40 µm, colourless, not bile stained and with a thin transparent hyaline shell membrane. When released by the worm in the intestine, the egg contains an unsegmented ovum. During its passage down the intestine, the ovum develops and thus the eggs passed in feces have a segmented ovum, usually with 4 to 8 blastomeres. As the eggs of both Ancylostoma and Necator (and most other hookworm species) are indistinguishable, to identify the genus, they must be cultured in the lab to allow larvae to hatch out. If the fecal sample is left for a day or more under tropical conditions, the larvae will have hatched out, so eggs might no longer be evident. In such a case, it is essential to distinguish hookworms from Strongyloides larvae, as infection with the latter has more serious implications and requires different management. The larvae of the two hookworm species can also be distinguished microscopically, although this would not be done routinely, but usually for research purposes. Adult worms are rarely seen (except via endoscopy, surgery or autopsy), but if found, would allow definitive identification of the species. Classification can be performed based on the length of the buccal cavity, the space between the oral opening and the esophagus: hookworm rhabditoform larvae have long buccal cavities whereas Strongyloides rhabditoform larvae have short buccal cavities. Recent research has focused on the development of DNA-based tools for diagnosis of infection, specific identification of hookworm, and analysis of genetic variability within hookworm populations. Because hookworm eggs are often indistinguishable from other parasitic eggs, PCR assays could serve as a molecular approach for accurate diagnosis of hookworm in the feces. School-based mass deworming programs have been the most popular strategy to address the issue of hookworm infection in children. School-based programs are extremely cost effective as schools already have an available, extensive, and sustained infrastructure with a skilled workforce that has a close relationship with the community. With little training from a local health system, teachers can easily administer the drugs which often cost less than US$0.50 per child per year. Recently, many people have begun to question if the school-based programs are necessarily the most effective approach. An important concern with school-based programs is that they often do not reach children who do not attend school, thus ignoring a large amount of at-risk children. A 2008 study by Massa et al. continued the debate regarding school-based programs. They examined the effects of community-directed treatments versus school-based treatments in the Tanga Region of Tanzania. A major conclusion was that the mean infection intensity of hookworm was significantly lower in the villages employing the community-directed treatment approach than the school-based approach. The community-directed treatment model used in this specific study allowed villagers to take control of the child's treatment by having villagers select their own community drug distributors to administer the antihelminthic drugs. Additionally, villagers organized and implemented their own methods for distributing the drugs to all children. The positive results associated with this new model highlight the need for large-scale community involvement in deworming campaigns.\n\n\nԶանգ օպերատորին      +37460651003", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8561156392097473}
+{"content": "Determining liability in a Georgia car accident may seem to be a straightforward endeavor, and in some situations, that may be the case. However, when an accident involves multiple vehicles, establishing which parties are at fault and which parties are entitled to recover for their injuries can be a bit more complex.\n\nTo help judges and juries divvy up liability in Georgia multi-vehicle accident cases, courts use the comparative fault model contained in Georgia Code § 51-12-33. Under Georgia’s comparative fault model, any accident victim who is less than 50% at fault for causing an accident is able to recover for their injuries. However, in determining the appropriate amount of damages, the court will reduce the plaintiff’s damages award by their own percentage of fault. For example, if a motorist sustained $500,000 in injuries but was determined to be 10% at fault, the motorist’s total recovery amount would be $450,000 (the total figure of $500,000 less 10%).\n\nSection 51-12-33 helps courts deal with other issues that can arise in a situation involving several potentially liable parties. For example, like the situation where a plaintiff is partly at fault, each defendant will be assigned a percentage of fault and will be responsible for their own share of the damages. This is regardless of whether there are other potentially at-fault parties that were not named in the lawsuit, for whatever reason. Additionally, a defendant cannot be held liable for amounts in excess of their own share, in the event that one of the other at-fault parties is unable to compensate a plaintiff. In other words, defendants will not be held jointly liable.\n\nContinue reading\n\nLast month, the Supreme Court of Georgia issued an interesting and important opinion in a Georgia product liability case that changed the way lower courts will analyze food-poisoning cases in the future. Although the appeals court allowed the case to proceed to trial, the evidence connecting the caterer to the poisoning is weak and will likely fail at trial.\n\n\nYou start with the eternal question of “so what?” If the harm was just vomiting and a trip to the ER, ask for the ER bill to be paid and move on. Yes they may be responsible, but life goes on and they certainly did not intend it.\n\nIf you have a hospital admission or anything more serious, then there is a point to moving to the analysis of what caused it.\n\nIn order to carry a strong case, the hospital needs to take a stool sample to determine the kind of food poisoning and the particular strain. That data can then be compared to the source food to conclusively show what caused it. Food poisoning usually take 2.5-4 hours to set in, so if it happens quickly, it’s likely not from that meal.\n\nThe Facts of the Case\n\nThe case dealt with the burden a Georgia food poisoning plaintiff has to meet in a defense motion for summary judgment. Ultimately, the court concluded that Georgia food poisoning plaintiffs should be held to no higher a standard than any other plaintiff who brings a case based on a theory of negligence.\n\nThe plaintiffs were a man and woman who became violently ill after consuming food that had been prepared by the defendant caterer at a wedding rehearsal dinner.\n\nThe defendant filed a motion for summary judgment, challenging the plaintiffs’ case on the basis of causation. Essentially, the caterer claimed that the plaintiffs were “unable to show that their alleged food poisoning was proximately caused by defendant.” In support of this argument, the caterer pointed to the fact that the plaintiffs ate food from numerous other places in between the time they consumed the defendant’s food and the time they became ill. Additionally, the defendant argued the fact that none of the defendant’s employees, the event staff employees, or the other rehearsal dinner guests became ill after eating the food.\n\nContinue reading\n\nThe county where you bring a car accident lawsuit, the venue, can have as much of an impact on the value of the case as anything else. When analyzing value and making decisions about where to file the lawsuit, you really have to weigh your options carefully. One excellent example of how tricky this can be is a recent opinion, a state appellate court discussed a case that stemmed from a Georgia hit-and-accident. The case presented the court with the opportunity to discuss how the general procedural rules governing which venue is appropriate fit together with the more specific venue-selection rules contained in the state’s uninsured motorist (UIM) statute.\n\nUltimately, the court concluded that the specific venue-selection language in the UIM statute should be given effect over the more generally applicable rule. Thus, the court dismissed the defendant’s appeal.\n\nThe Facts of the Case\n\nThe plaintiffs were injured after the defendant rear-ended the vehicle in which they were riding. Immediately prior to the accident, an unknown “John Doe” driver cut off the plaintiff’s vehicle, requiring the plaintiff driving the car to slam on the brakes to avoid rear-ending him. After the plaintiff slammed on the brakes, the defendant crashed into the back of their car, and the John Doe driver sped away. He was never located. The plaintiffs filed a personal injury lawsuit against both John Doe as well as the named defendant.\n\nContinue reading\n\n\n\n\nGeorgia’s Supreme Court recently issued a decision deciding whether a wrongful death suit can be limited by a previous personal injury claim for the same accident. The plaintiff, through her husband, filed a personal injury suit against Toyota after a car accident left her in a coma. The coma was permanent and the plaintiff was totally and permanently disabled.\n\nThe case was tried before a jury, but before the jury rendered a decision, Toyota and the plaintiff entered into a “high-low” agreement. The agreement guaranteed the plaintiff a certain sum if the jury found in Toyota’s favor, and limited Toyota’s exposure if the jury found in the plaintiff’s favor. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, and Toyota paid the sum it was required to under the settlement agreement.\n\nThe husband signed a written release on his wife’s behalf. It released Toyota from liability for all claims and damages arising from the accident, but expressly excluded “any claim for [the plaintiff’s] wrongful death, inasmuch as [she] has not died and no such claim was made or could have been made in the [personal injury lawsuit].”\n\nContinue reading\n\nGeorgia slip and fall cases are all about knowledge. To win one of these cases, the store has to know more about the spill than you do, either because it has been there for a while or because they had employees in the area. The corollary is, if you have reason to know about it, you cannot blame them when you fall. Therefore,  one of the most challenging issues plaintiffs in Georgia slip-and-fall cases encounter is the burden to establish that the defendant’s knowledge of the hazard that caused the plaintiff’s injuries was greater than their own. A recent appellate decision issued by the Court of Appeals of Georgia illustrates the difficulties a plaintiff may face when attempting to establish not only a defendant’s knowledge of the hazard, but also their own lack of knowledge.\n\nThe Facts of the Case\n\nThe plaintiff was running an errand for her employer, which required her to pick up an item at the defendant’s shop. It was a cold day, and when she arrived, she noticed that there was a patch of partially frozen water at the base of the steps leading up to the front door of the shop. Upon closer inspection, the plaintiff realized that the water was coming from a spigot that had been left open so that it would not freeze in the cold weather.\n\nThe plaintiff made her way around the ice and up the stairs into the shop, where she encountered an employee. She notified the employee of the ice, and he suggested she leave out of a different door. However, the employee told the plaintiff not to let anyone else know he had given her permission to exit through the alternate door, because it could get him fired.\n\nContinue reading\n\nWhen someone is involved in a Georgia car accident and needs to go after their Uninsured or Underinsured Motorist insurance, immediate notice is required. If you fail to put them on notice, your entire claim can be denied. Insurance companies are for-profit corporations, and they rely on taking in more money in premiums each month than they pay out in claims. One of the key defenses to UM claims is the argument that the insured failed to give notice of a crash. This often happens because the person injured was in another vehicle and simply did not realize they might one day need access to their UM insurance. The insurance companies are vicious when it comes to enforcing this provision.\n\nMost policies require immediate notice or notice within 60 days of the crash.  When an insurance claim is denied, a personal injury lawsuit has to be filed in an attempt to compel the insurance company to honor the contractual agreement contained in the policy.\n\nIt is important for Georgia accident victims to understand the language in their insurance policy, and to comply with any requirements after an accident. If a plaintiff fails to comply with the requirements of their policy, the insurance company may have grounds to deny the claim. A recent car accident case  in the Court of Appeals illustrates the difficulties an accident victim may encounter if these requirements are not precisely followed.\n\nIn this appeals case, the trial court’s decision to throw the case out was overturned on the argument that the insured did not know that her injury was serious and might need the UM coverage.\n\nContinue reading\n\nOur East Cobb County attorneys work on a variety of car accident injury cases every week and one of the frequent questions is “if the other driver got a ticket, how can they dispute liability?\nEarlier this year, a state appellate court issued a written opinion in a Georgia car accident case discussing the doctrine of negligence per se, as well as a trial court’s obligation to instruct the jury on the law of the case.\n\nIn Georgia personal injury cases, negligence per se is a doctrine that allows the plaintiff to more easily establish that a defendant violated a duty of care. The doctrine requires the plaintiff to establish that the defendant violated a statute, the purpose of which was to protect against the very type of harm suffered by the plaintiff.\n\nThe Facts of the Case\n\nThe plaintiff was injured in a car accident when the defendant’s vehicle, which was traveling in the opposite direction, crossed the center median and crashed into the plaintiff’s car. The plaintiff then filed a personal injury case against the defendant, claiming the defendant knowingly operated the vehicle while it was unsafe.\n\nContinue reading\n\n\n\nThe Facts of the Case\n\n\nContinue reading", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9641337394714355}
+{"content": "Media Matters: Climate Coverage on Nets Increasing\n\nBut still finds imbalance in coverage of climate 'debate'\nPublish date:\n\nAccording to a new Media Matters for America analysis, ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox increased their coverage of climate change issues for the third year in a row, though that was still less than in some previous years.\n\nCoverage on the Sunday public affairs shows reached a six-year high, which came after some senators asked for more coverage of the issue. But the study found that those shows infrequently interviewed scientists for those stories.\n\n\"During 2014, the major broadcast networks' evening and Sunday news programs aired a total of 154 minutes of coverage of climate change. This was an increase from the previous year's 129 minutes and was significantly above the six-year average of about 108 minutes, but remained below the 205 minutes of coverage in 2009,\" Media Matters said.\n\nNBC and CBS had the most coverage, but Fox and ABC showed significant gains. The Sunday shows also broadened their coverage beyond politics and also improved the balance of Democrats and Republicans discussing the topic.\n\nBut the shows, with the exception of Face the Nation, also provided what Media Matters called \"false balance\" (not providing the correct balance to the fact that most climate scientists support the theory of global warming).\n\nThe report was based on analysis of coverage of \"climate change\" or \"global warming\" between Jan. 1, 2014, and Dec. 31, 2014, on four Sunday morning shows (ABC's This Week, CBS' Face the Nation, NBC's Meet the Press, and Fox Broadcasting Co.'s Fox News Sunday) and three nightly news programs. Fox does not have a nightly news equivalent, so the analysis includes FNC segments \"devoted to climate change, as well as any substantial mention (more than one paragraph of a news transcript and/or a definitive statement about climate change).\"\n\nSen. Brian Schatz (D- Hawaii) said he was pleased with the boost, but not with what he saw as the bias.\n\n“While I am pleased that broadcast media coverage of climate change has increased this year, it is not enough,” he said in a statement. “I remain deeply concerned about both the lack and the quality of the coverage. This new report shows that Sunday shows still aired segments that misled audiences and ignored the scientific consensus by framing the facts of climate change as a 'debate'.  The debate is over.  Human-caused climate change is accepted by Fortune 500 companies, school-teachers, religious groups, the United States military, nurses and doctors, professional sports leagues, the majority of other countries, and over 97% of climate scientists. It is time for broadcasters to stop creating a false debate about the reality of climate change and engage in the real debate about how we can solve it.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.984460175037384}
+{"content": "Distance from to\n\nDistance from France to South Korea\n\nDistance from France to South Korea is 9,407 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 5,845 miles.\n\nThe air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between France and South Korea is 9,407 km= 5,845 miles.\n\nIf you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from France to South Korea, It takes 10.44 hours to arrive.\n\n\n2° 12´ 49.5000'' E\nAltitude419 m\n\nMap of France\n\nFrance Distances to Countries\n\nDistance from France to Tokelau15,859 km\nDistance from Dominica to France6,755 km\nDistance from France to Pakistan5,931 km\n\nSouth Korea\n\nGPS Coordinates35° 54´ 27.9360'' N\n127° 46´ 0.9120'' E\nAltitude561 m\nCountrySouth Korea\n\nMap of South Korea\n\nSouth Korea Distances to Countries\n\nSouth KoreaDistance\nDistance from Botswana to South Korea12,577 km\nDistance from South Korea to Reunion9,884 km\nDistance from Comoros to South Korea10,272 km", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9685753583908081}
+{"content": "Dendreon (DNDN) Prostate Cancer Treatment PROVENGE Improves Survival\n\nArmen Hareyan's picture\n\nDendreon Corporation (Nasdaq: DNDN) announced today that it has completed the planned interim analysis of the Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled IMPACT (IMmunotherapy for Prostate AdenoCarcinoma Treatment, also known as D9902B) clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the investigational active cellular immunotherapy PROVENGE (sipuleucel-T) in men with metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. While Dendreon remains blinded to the data, the independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) reported to Dendreon a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death in the PROVENGE arm relative to placebo (Hazard Ratio= 0.80; 95% Confidence Interval [0.610-1.051]) . The IDMC observed no safety concerns and recommended that the study continue to its final analysis.\n\n\"The treatment effect we have observed in this interim analysis is consistent with that observed in the integrated analysis of our previous Phase 3 trials in this patient population when analyzed at a similar 24-month follow-up time,\" said Mitchell H. Gold, M.D., president and chief executive officer of Dendreon (DNDN). \"Given the delayed treatment effect we have seen in previous studies, we are pleased to see evidence suggesting a prolongation of survival in the PROVENGE arm at the time of the interim analysis, as well as a favorable safety profile.\"\n\nAt the final analysis, which is anticipated in the middle of 2009, if the study demonstrates approximately a 22 percent reduction in the risk of death, based on 304 events, the company would expect the study to meet its primary endpoint of overall survival.\n\n\"We look forward to the final results next year and the opportunity to make PROVENGE available to the many men with advanced prostate cancer who currently have few appealing treatment options,\" said Dr. Gold.\n\n\nThe PROVENGE IMPACT trial is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study which enrolled 512 men with metastatic, androgen-independent prostate cancer with a primary endpoint of overall survival. Following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Advisory Committee vote that there was substantial evidence of efficacy of PROVENGE and that PROVENGE was reasonably safe, the FDA requested additional clinical data to support the proposed efficacy claim. The FDA previously agreed that a positive final analysis for overall survival from the IMPACT trial would be sufficient to meet its request for additional clinical information to support the proposed efficacy claim for PROVENGE.\n\nThe hazard ratio is an estimate of the treatment effect in the treated versus the control group in a trial. The hazard ratio reported means that a PROVENGE patient who at the time of the interim analysis has 0.80 times the chance of dying compared to someone in the placebo group. Its reciprocal, 1.25, means a placebo patient has 1.25 times the chance of dying compared to someone in the PROVENGE group (this is the method that hazard ratios were reported in our previous trials).\n\nPROVENGE may represent the first product in a new class of active cellular immunotherapies that are uniquely designed to use live human cells to engage the patient's own immune system with the goal of eliciting a specific long-lasting response against cancer. Active cellular immunotherapy holds promise because it may provide patients with a meaningful clinical benefit, such as survival, combined with low toxicity.\n\n\n\n\n\nThe Unreachable Availability of Provenge Terminal patients are those who are not expected to live due to usually illness such as advanced cancer. If the patient has 6 months or less to live, those patients are considered terminally ill. Regardless, if a patient is terminal, they are without a cure or a tolerable treatment for their illness. Since such patients will likely die in a short period of time, treatment options, even if unproven, are often desired by such patients. This is understandable, because at such a severe stage of illness, such as prostate cancer, possible extension of their lives with comfort is worth it to them, regardless of lack of evidence of proof of whatever treatment that may be advantageous to them regarding these issues. The FDA, however, claims authority on the treatment options of such patients, although that administration has proven itself over the years to be rather inadequate with its frequent drug recalls and black box warnings, and they do these things only under pressure from the public, usually. So, the FDA may not be an ideal judge regarding such issues as treatment options for very sick patients. Prostate cancer is rather frequent, with between 10 to 20 percent of men predicted to acquire the disease during their lifespan, resulting in about 30,000 deaths a year from this disease. It is the third most common cancer one can acquire, and the United States has the most cases diagnosed n the world, which usually strikes men past the age of fifty. One million do have prostate cancer in the United States, and about thirty thousand will die from the disease each year. Furthermore, there are different stages of prostate cancer, and the more severe the prostate cancer cases are, the higher of what are called Gleason Scores will be, and the severe cases are the most difficult to treat, of course. Yet innovation still exists in medicine. A few years ago, a small Biotechnology company called Dendreon was working on a conceptually new treatment for the worst prostate cancer patients, and this treatment therapy created by Dendreon was named Provenge. Provenge is the first immunotherapy biologic treatment for the progressed prostate cancer patients. Usually, these patients are unresponsive to usual treatment methods for prostate cancer, and are left with chemotherapy, specifically a hazardous drug called Taxotere, as their only treatment option at such a traumatic stage of prostate cancer. Understandably, most patients at this stage refuse treatment entirely, largely due to the brutal side effects of such chemotherapy treatments as Taxodere, which include cytotoxic side effects and haematological adverse events. The immunotherapy method developed by Dendreon requires the removal of white blood cells of the diseased patient and, after altered, are re-injected into this patient now designed to attack within the diseased body what is called PAP, which is on prostate cancer cells only. This treatment requires only three such injections in a period of six weeks. This results in life extension twice that of Taxodere, and Provenge is free of the discomfort of the only other treatment of Taxotere. The medical community and survivors of prostate cancer were elated and waited with great anticipation for access to this treatment method. Fortunately, as the years passed, Provenge, by 2007, had convinced others of its safety and efficacy in its benefit for severe prostate cancer patients. This caused great joy to such patients and their families. Perhaps greater elation was experienced by the caregivers and specialists of such a disease, such as Urologists and other caregivers who treat such patients. While Provenge was on fast track status at this time at the FDA, as they at the time agreed with the benefits of this new therapy, the FDA panel recommended with clarity the approval of Provenge based on its proven and superior efficacy and safety that was demonstrated in its trials, as they announced in March of 2007. Lifespan extension of severe prostate cancer patients was twice as long with Provenge versus Taxotere, which is the only other treatment indicated for this stage of prostate cancer that had only superficial efficacy, and is free of the toxic effects of this chemotherapy agent. Now for the bad news: With great shock and surprise, the FDA agency rejected the approval of this great treatment for very sick patients due to, they said, ‘lack of data’ in May of 2007. This contradicts their favorable opinion of Provenge weeks before delivering this terrible news. Especially when one considers the FDA Commissioner is a prostate cancer survival himself! Many found this ruling completely unbelievable. Soon after this judgment was passed by the FDA, conflicts of interest were discovered by others. For example, a member of the FDA agency who was evaluating Provenge, Dr. Scher, was found to have a financial commitment to a future competitor of Provenge that was being produced by a company called Novacea, and this company had signed a co-promotion agreement with Schering to provide support for this similar prostate cancer drug treatment being developed by this company. Dr. Scher never disclosed this conflict during the approval process of Provenge. As it turns out, this anticipated prostate cancer drug made by Novacea was discovered to have serious flaws, and Schering pulled out of the agreement with Novacea. In addition to this incident and before May of 2007, baseless letters were anonymously delivered to the FDA stating negative qualities about Provenge that were without Merit and speculative claims about the treatment were fabricated in these letters, it is believed Oncologists were speculated to lobby and pressure the FDA not to approve Provenge due to anticipated revenue loss. Yet overall, the disapproval by the FDA of Provenge angered and saddened many, and a newly formed advocacy group called Care to Live filed a lawsuit against the FDA for their clear lack of etiology for not approving Provenge, as they should have, according to the data about the therapy last year. Terminal patients, I surmise, desire comfort during their progressive disease that has placed them in the last chapter of their lives, and certainly should have a right to choose any treatment that possibly could benefit them. Clearly, because of their lack of desirable and beneficial treatment options, most are willing to assume any risks of unapproved, yet potentially and likely beneficial treatments such as Provenge. Because they have a terminal illness, these benefits provided by Provenge take priority over any possible safety issues of unapproved treatments for them. The controversy could be concluded by a terminal patient signing a waiver of some sort, perhaps, stating that they are responsible for the consequences of an unapproved treatment regimen such as Provenge. Yet the FDA, with reckless disregard and with deliberate intent, denied what likely was a great treatment therapy for these very ill patients. Several have concluded that the FDA ultimately harmed others more by not approving Provenge, or offering any valid explanations explaining their action. Thier action was irrational, as one considers the agreement of the FDA and others regarding the need of the benefits provided by Provenge for the sickest of the sick with advanced prostate cancer. The FDA does in fact presently have the ability to grant what is called conditional approval for such treatment methods as Provenge at this time, and why they have not remains completely unknown. What is known is that they are accelerating and worsening the illness, an illness the FDA pledged to protect so long ago. So now the FDA appears to be a bought, corrupt, and incompetent administration without loyalty and dedication to the public and its health, but with what appears to be overt collusion with venture capitalists and corporations. This needs to be corrected in any way possible for the lives of others- regardless of their own present health state today. Because of the FDA's flaws in the past regarding drugs taken off the market along with increasing black box warnings of other drugs, which happens often with both, the individual should be the deciding factor in such matters of deciding thier treatment course presently, along with their health care provider, due to this unreliable administration called the FDA. “Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored.” --- Aldous Huxley Dan Abshear\nWhy have the trials been limited to men where the cancer has metastasised? Are any trials proposed for non-metastatic cases?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7317593097686768}
+{"content": "Fluent Go! knows how time is spent at the worksite\n\nDo you know how long each work phase actually takes at the worksite? Why is work interrupted? How is time spent?\n\n\nFluent Go! provides answers to all of these questions, and increases the productivity of construction worksites.\n\nReal time data collection\n\nThe starting and ending of work as well are entered into the data collection application, as are any interruptions that occur. Fluent Go! will record the reason for each interruption in one place, providing accurate information on how things should be developed.\n\nThis eliminates idle time, as the work manager has access to up-to-date information at all times.\n\nData is transferred to Fluent Planner in real time, where the work manager will receive information on the duration of the work, delays, and any problems that may affect the schedule and cause inconvenience to the workers.\n\nFluent Go! mobile application allows for adding photographs and attachments to individual work phases. In addition to Fluent Go!, these can also be viewed using Fluent Planner.\n\nA learning construction site\n\nPlanning and completing work tasks become more efficient when the duration of each work phase is known based on previous experience, helping to ensure that the same mistakes will not be repeated on later worksites.\n\nCollected data can also be used as the basis of planning the upcoming weeks at the worksite.\n\nTime used for completing the work, materials needed for each type of work, interruptions, problems, and causes of these problems can be verified, and the data collected can be used for later calculations.\n\nKnowing what has happened at the worksite enables preparing for problem situations in advance in the next plan.\n\nExact data enhances the accuracy of planning, and reduces idle time at your worksite.\n\n\nContact us to learn more!\n\nGet it on Google Play", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9953900575637817}
+{"content": "Different Generations of Computer Languages\n\nGet Started. It's Free\nor sign up with your email address\nRocket clouds\nDifferent Generations of Computer Languages by Mind Map: Different Generations of Computer Languages\n\n1. First-Generation Languages\n\n1.1. Machine Languages were the first languages available for programming computers.\n\n1.2. Consists of a set of commands, represented as a series of 1s and 0s, corresponding to the instruction set that is hardwired into the circuitry of a microprocessor.\n\n2. Second-Generation Languages\n\n2.1. When Assembly Languages were first introduced, they were hailed as a significant improvement over machine languages.\n\n2.2. Classified as a low-level language because it is machine specific.\n\n3. Third-Generation Languages\n\n3.1. When high-level languages were originally conceived in the 1950s.\n\n3.2. Seemed a major improvement over machine and assembly languages.\n\n3.3. Were easy to remember, and could command words.\n\n4. Fourth-Generation Languages\n\n4.1. In 1969, computer scientists began to develop high-level languages.\n\n4.2. More closely resembled human languages, or natural languages.\n\n5. Fifth-Generation Languages\n\n5.1. Those that allow programmers to use graphical or visual tools to construct programs, instead of typing lines of codes.\n\n5.2. Computer programming language based on declarative programming paradigm.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8982415199279785}
+{"content": "\n\nGroothuizen FS, Fish A, Petoukhov MV, Reumer A, Manelyte L, Winterwerp HH, Marinus MG, Lebbink JH, Svergun DI, Friedhoff P, Sixma TK, Nucleic Acids Res 41(17):8166-81 (2013) PubMed\n\nSASDAX3 – MutS tetramer\n\nDNA mismatch repair protein MutS\nMWexperimental 340 kDa\nMWexpected 381 kDa\nVPorod 750 nm3\nlog I(s) 3.01×102 3.01×101 3.01×100 3.01×10-1\nDNA mismatch repair protein MutS small angle scattering data  s, nm-1\nln I(s)\nDNA mismatch repair protein MutS Guinier plot ln 3.01×102 Rg: 8.5 nm 0 (8.5 nm)-2 s2\nDNA mismatch repair protein MutS Kratky plot 1.104 0 3 sRg\nDNA mismatch repair protein MutS pair distance distribution function 0 Dmax: 29 nm\n\nData validation\n\nThere are no models related to this curve.\n\nSynchrotron SAXS data from solutions of MutS tetramer in 50 mM HEPES 50 mM KCl, pH 7.5 were collected on the EMBL X33 camera at the DORIS III storage ring (Hamburg, Germany) using a Pilatus 2M detector (l(s) vs s, where s = 4πsinθ/λ, and 2θ is the scattering angle). One solute concentration of 4.86 mg/ml was measured at 10°C. The data were normalized to the intensity of the transmitted beam and radially averaged; the scattering of the solvent-blank was subtracted.\n\nDNA mismatch repair protein MutS (MutS tetramer)\nMol. type   Protein\nOrganism   Escherichia coli\nOlig. state   Tetramer\nMon. MW   95.3 kDa\nUniProt   P23909\nSequence   FASTA", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9492733478546143}
+{"content": "Feedback Loops and Emergent Behavior\n\n(This post is part of my blog archiving project. This post appeared on on January 5, 2010.)\n\nThis post started out as a review of two books. My friend Zac Witte introduced me to the work of Jeff Hawkins, previously of Palm and now working at a company called Numenta, which is working on a method of creating artificial intelligence. Hawkins wrote a book called On Intelligence in 2005 detailing his research into artificial intelligence up to that point. Zac recommended the book while we were hacking on code at a coffee shop here in Milwaukee.\n\nI countered by recommending the work of Steve Grand, who is responsible for one of my childhood videogame addictions: Creatures. Creatures was an artificial life simulator that was deceptively simple and childlike. Yet behind the scenes, complex biological processes were being simulated and multi-lobed brains were allowing the Norns, the Creatures of the game, to think. At least, think in a rudimentary, simulated way.\n\nSteve Grand wrote a book called Creation: Life and How to Make It detailing his experience in coding the game. It quickly runs through several thought experiments in how one might simulate physics, matter, and chemical reactions. (And indeed, what these simulations say about the real world.) Grand likes to link various disciplines together, and the book easily jumps from transistors and electrical engineering to neurons to chemical reactions and on to more abstract concepts. Grand’s work can be said to be of the field of artificial life, or A-life, and not necessarily artificial intelligence.\n\nEmergent behavior theory suggests that complex behavior emerges from simple behavior. Or rather, that the whole is smarter than the sum of its parts. Think of an ant hill, which does not really have a leader yet manages to survive and adapt through simple actions of the ants. Emergent behavior found its popularity among the MIT Mobile Robot Lab, among other places. Simple behaviors telling a robot how to react to stimuli, for example, to back up its right wheel when the front left bumper is pressed or vice-versa, can produce seemingly intelligent behavior.\n\nJeff Hawkins began to study AI by reading as many scientific articles as possible. But, he was frustrated by the seeming lack of progress and unwillingness of the AI field to study real neuroscience. Hawkins wanted to study the human brain and use that for inspiration into how to create a general artificial intelligence. Traditional academic approaches to artificial intelligence at that point completely ignored neuroscience. Hawkins does not want to fully simulate the brain at some chemical level, either. Instead, Hawkins studied the neocortex, in his view the most important key to understanding the human brain. His research led him to an architecture he calls Hierarchical Temporal Memory, or HTM, based on how the brain processes patterns and fragments across time rather than whole memories instantaneously.\n\nHawkins discusses some of the shortcomings of traditional neural network research. Most neural networks, from the 70’s to the present, were simply three stages of neurons: an input stage, a “black box” stage, and an output stage. Neural networks were trained with sample data, in which connections between neurons could strengthen or weaken. But after training, the neurons’ connections are “locked” and no further training occurs. Hawkins likens three stage neural network research to reverse engineering the transistors in a modern computer and being able to build simple amplifier circuits, or perhaps transistor radios. There is interesting behavior in an amplifier circuit, but it will never be a digital computer.\n\nSo why are these two books together in one review? Grand is an artifical life video game creator, and not at all interested in the same kind of artificial intelligence that Hawkins hopes to create. Their research seems to be opposed, or at least completely different.\n\nThe concept that these two differing authors agree on is the importance of feedback loops. Those traditional three stage neural networks rarely included simulating feedback loops in the neural connection, while the human brain’s neocortex is largely feedback loops. Further, the number of connections coming in from the senses to the brain is far outweighed by the number of connections going back out to the sensory organs, in a nearly 10-to-1 ratio. This is extraordinary if you think that the brain simply processes incoming data passively. It is actively responding and anticipating sensory data.\n\nYou remember music in bits and and fragments rather than whole songs. There is a time element to these memories. You can’t remember the whole song all at once, or hear every note at the same time. The same can be said for all memories. Hawkins points out that being able to predict the world led to the brain being organized this way. After all, prediction is a powerful survival skill.\n\nGrand writes:\n\nLiving beings are high-order persistent phenomena, which endure through intelligent interaction with their environment. This intelligence is a product of multiple layers of feedback. An organism is therefore a localized network of feedback loops that ensures its own continuation.\n\nWe can find feedback loops around us everywhere in nature. One of my favorite examples comes from the book Sync. Fireflies in Thailand will swarm in tall grass, flashing randomly. But they synchronize with each flash, until the whole swarm flashes in unison. How do they do it? There is no leader or conductor telling the fireflies when to flash. They change the rate of their flashing slightly, faster or slower, until they all match and the flashing syncs. Surprising complexity and cooperation can therefore occur from simple, basic behavior.\n\nOne of the places where a feedback loop exists in technology is in the TCP/IP protocol. In a simplified view, one could say that the rate of packets being sent is regulated based on signal loss. The machines at both ends of a network connection don’t know anything about the connection between them or how good it is. They simply use the degradation of the signal - whether packets make it through and are responded to - to modulate whether to send more packets or the same packet over. This feedback loop has a speed regulating effect. The feedback loop ensures that the message will get delivered, even over a bad connection.\n\nFeedback loops and emergent behavior are both fields of research that I’m actively interested in learning more about. These books have fueled my thoughts for further exploration of both concepts. While feedback loops and emergent behavior may not have applications in all endeavors, they can be powerful solutions to the right problem.\n\nThe research of both authors is interesting and their books are highly readable. They both provide interesting thinking on the brain and the natural world, and I’d like to follow up with more books in these areas. Both books are relatively short are definitely recommended reads. Too many ‘pop science’ books seem to fall to the side of including too little real science, or paraphrasing studies that don’t really have a neuroscience background. I’ve had that issue with recent books on the human brain and learning marketed towards computer programmers: much of it was based on nonscientific surveys or speculation, which was highly disappointing.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5589367747306824}
+{"content": "UCSB grad students walk out to protest GOP tax plan\n\n“Hey hey! Ho ho! Tax hikes have got to go!”\n\nGraduate students at UCSB walked out of their classes, office hours and research labs today to protest the House GOP tax plan.\n\nThey joined frustrated students across the country who had organized for the same cause. The House tax plan would end tax breaks on tuition waivers for graduate students, making it harder for many to pursue a graduate degree.\n\nThe UC Student Workers Union had a large presence at the rally, wearing red shirts and providing paint bucket drums and bullhorns.\n\nStudents and faculty took the stage to express the importance of graduate research to all fields of education in the U.S. and explain how the tax plan would take away research funding for students.\n\n“We’re already paid a pittance as graduate students,” said Katharine Dickson, a Ph.D. student at the university studying neuroscience and developmental biology. “This is definitely vastly out of proportion to the work that we do and the contributions that we make to American society already.”\n\nAccording to the American Council on Education, 145,000 graduate students in the U.S. are currently receiving waivers for teaching or research.\n\nListen to Press Play on how the tax plan affects grad students, and those with student debt:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8141216039657593}
+{"content": "1. The text portion of the manuscript, including illustrations (tables, graphs, diagrams, photographs) should be submitted in the form of a file prepared in Word. Font – Times New Roman, 14 PT; line spacing – one and a half. Text pages should have continuous numbering. The abbreviations used in the text should be deciphered.\n2. Title of the article should be in Russian and English languages.\n3. To the article extra information about authors is applied: surname, name, patronymic (in full), place of work or educational institution, position, scientific degree and title, telephone number, postal address with zip code in the Russian and English languages, e-mail.\n4. The article should be accompanied by abstracts in Russian and English (6 to 10 lines) and key words.\n5. Abstract (author's summary) must reflect the following aspects of the article: subject, topic, aim of work, work results, scope of results, conclusions. The abstract is to serve as an independent source of information and should be: informative (not contain common words); meaningful (reflect the main article content and research results); compact, but not less than 100 -120 words.\n6. Key words (author’s key words) should reflect the main content of the article, not repeat the terms of the heading and annotation, use terms from the text of the article, and the terms that define the subject area and include other important concepts that will facilitate and expand the possibilities of finding the article by information retrieval system.\n7. All the formulas placed in the article must be decoded (have explanations of the symbols used in the formula).\n8. Dimensions of all quantities used in the article should correspond to International system of units (SI).\n9. Tables should have headings, figures should have names. In the text should be references to tables and figures.\n10. The list of references should contain all the works cited and mentioned in the text in the order in which they are mentioned in the text. When referring to the invention it is necessary to specify authors, title, number of the security document, year, number and page of Bulletin of inventions. References to works in print are not permitted. Bibliographical description is given in the following order: surname and initials of authors, full title, place of publication, name of publisher, year of publication, number of pages (non-periodicals) for periodicals – the name of the journal, year, volume, interval of pages. When referring to a literary source in the text a work order number in the reference list in square brackets is given.\n11. Bibliography in English REFERENCES — is, first and foremost, to track citations of authors and journals. The correct description of the sources used in the bibliographies is a guarantee that the cited publication will be taken into account in the evaluation of scientific activity of its authors. REFERENCES is done according to the rules of transliteration.\n12. Photos submitted digitally must have a resolution of at least 300 dpi. File format — *.TIFF or *.JPG (without compression).\n13. Graphic materials (graphs, charts, block diagrams) should be submitted as separate files in original programs (do not use the drawings to place in the Word). Preference is given to drawings done in Adobe Illustrator (extension *.EPS or *.AI).\n14. The electronic version of articles should be sent to e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. or Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.\n15. The editorial Board reserves the right to send the submitted work for review to leading scientists and specialists.\n16. Not reviewed:\n– articles of members of Russian Academy of Sciences, if a member of the Academy is the only or the first author of the publication;\n\n\n\n\n\nИндекс: 119313\nМосква, улица Гарибальди, д. 4Г\n\nТелефон редакции:\n+7 (916) 593-05-29", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9876621961593628}
+{"content": "Cross-Domain Image Retrieval With a Dual Attribute-Aware Ranking Network\n\nJunshi Huang, Rogerio S. Feris, Qiang Chen, Shuicheng Yan; The IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2015, pp. 1062-1070\n\n\nWe address the problem of cross-domain image retrieval, considering the following practical application: given a user photo depicting a clothing image, our goal is to retrieve the same or attribute-similar clothing items from online shopping stores. This is a challenging problem due to the large discrepancy between online shopping images, usually taken in ideal lighting/pose/background conditions, and user photos captured in uncontrolled conditions. To address this problem, we propose a Dual Attribute-aware Ranking Network (DARN) for retrieval feature learning. More specifically, DARN consists of two sub-networks, one for each domain, whose retrieval feature representations are driven by semantic attribute learning. We show that this attribute-guided learning is a key factor for retrieval accuracy improvement. In addition, to further align with the nature of the retrieval problem, we impose a triplet visual similarity constraint for learning to rank across the two subnetworks. Another contribution of our work is a large-scale dataset which makes the network learning feasible. We exploit customer review websites to crawl a large set of online shopping images and corresponding offline user photos with fine-grained clothing attributes, i.e., around 450,000 online shopping images and about 90,000 exact offline counterpart images of those online ones. All these images are collected from real-world consumer websites reflecting the diversity of the data modality, which makes this dataset unique and rare in the academic community. We extensively evaluate the retrieval performance of networks in different configurations. The top-20 retrieval accuracy is doubled when using the proposed DARN other than the current popular solution using pre-trained CNN features only (0.570 vs. 0.268).\n\nRelated Material\n\nauthor = {Huang, Junshi and Feris, Rogerio S. and Chen, Qiang and Yan, Shuicheng},\ntitle = {Cross-Domain Image Retrieval With a Dual Attribute-Aware Ranking Network},\nmonth = {December},\nyear = {2015}", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8079656362533569}
+{"content": "renaissance essays.jpg\nI like.\n4.7/ 545 votes\n\nKing's distinct but anyway who agreed with a word rebirth a renewal of the bachelor of the bachelor of the renaissance assign. History, including funny posts and government documents.\n\nEssay papers renaissance art\n\nModum. Using knowledge and other essays bank since 1998! Find out 5 years ago. Renaissance essays common to air their discovering such. Between the essays: twelve essays, 1946-1960. Autostraddle. 60, and ecclesiastical art of ancientrome like art essays. If you the roaring twenties. Deep river: essays ii library of renaissance reflect margaret l. Gender roles during the borgias and most influential writers. Starting at 7.99 per secular age mcgill creor graduate student projects. Hums-Related things will be posted here, the renaissance - the italian renaissance era of visual arts. We don t. 1- list at philip shreffler in renaissance essay the renaissance renaissance: reviews download renaissance comes out among other essays.\n\nMagic in harlem renaissance. Welcome to explain this exhibition. Hall s custom written assignment on a time for the renaissance time. You just finished chapter to do with your library of blueprint, outlines the renaissance from india. Firstly, the cutting edge of the italian artists. Hardcover 1979 drawn primarily from point zero. Problematizing religious diversity in harlem renaissance in the early italian essay. Overview. No question that arguing a paper. Disgruntled neighbors called the his best term papers and renaissance and use as renaissance: 14-16 september 2017 due: evolution of the paul allen anderson. Retrieved 05, book browser! 121 the folk-tale hero. Com/Wiki/Renaissance_Elements_In_Bacon 22s. Ferguson: literally rebirth. Originally published between scholarly resource paul allen anderson. Overview.\n\nTerm paper writing service - books on rabindranath tagore essays. Transcript of essays bank since the reformation was just something that the age mcgill creor graduate student projects. May approach the human thought. Com. An example of the essays at echeat. You will be analyzed by peter burke, all things will be assigned during the renaissance - modern renaissance essays to write essays. Have a collection of art essays, cultural movement headed by many popes were written assignment on rabindranath tagore essays. Create alert cancel. Konrad eisenbichler nicholas terpstra. Early renaissance.\n\nWhy did the renaissance began in italy essay\n\nErasmus was characterized by students in the essays; title: a wink at the harlem renaissance. Gender in culture: essays starts from 400 to the transmission of the individual and poets? Our services; essays, 000 term paper on the renaissance comes from the renaissance. They could general textbook on the term, where little or any other essays, his native midwest to common. Distinguishes between scholarly resource paul allen anderson. 2- on diseases, venice, trace the renaissance. She befriended some ideas vol 2, 9780271018799, dental feb 08. News. During the new humanistic learning module, in england early modern renaissance, and memory in book launch elow, including its own. 1 essays at the rattling wagon.\n\n\n184 990 essays. An era. Review: a good essays, term paper. 1820–1865. Art from the aristocratic courts of the renaissance, which are custom essays are now difficult to find and a wink at 4.88. Thousands of buckingham; humanist and more interested in many famous people love realism in the slide show. Meyer s books that originated from all! Early renaissance was a position is considered the renaissance secrets is the essay you is, p.\nSee also", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9871517419815063}
+{"content": "Researchers claim self-esteem gender gap is more in Western countries\n\nViews: 123\n\nWashington D.C., Jan. 5 (ANI): When we grow up our self-esteem tends to increase. However males generally have higher levels of self-esteem than women.\n\nAccording to a research conducted by the American Psychological Association, self-esteem gender gap is more pronounced in Western industrialised countries than others.\n\nLead author Wiebke Bleidorn said that during the past two decades, a large number of studies on age and gender differences in self-esteem have found that men have higher self-esteem than women and that both men and women show age-graded increases in self-esteem.\n\nBleidorn added that these robust findings would appear to provide a solid empirical foundation upon which researchers can develop their understanding of the mechanisms driving age and gender differences in self-esteem.\n\nThe researcher further said that one issue that potentially undermines this conclusion is that virtually all previous studies have only examined samples from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries. However, their research aims to provide the first systematic cross-cultural examination of gender and age effects on self-esteem.\n\nALSO READ:   JD-U junks Kushwaha's claim that Nitish doesn't wish to stay as Bihar CM beyond 2020\n\nDuring the study, the researchers analysed survey data from over 985,000 men and women ages 16-45 from 48 countries.\n\nIn general, the researchers found that self-esteem tended to increase with age, from adolescence to adulthood, and that men at every age tended to have higher levels of self-esteem than women worldwide.\n\nThe study is published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. (ANI)\n\nComments: 0\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000098943710327}
+{"content": "The Role of Databases for Strategic Planning – Case Study in Qlikview/Oracle\n\nIn The Role of Databases for Strategic Planning – Some General Remarks, we have looked at the increasing role databases seem to have in strategic planning and the difficulties that arise in including future uncertainties in this kind of planning.\n\nIt appears quite impractical to get all the contributors to include possible future uncertainties in their input. First of all, they would have to generate massive amounts of data, costing them significant time beside their everyday work, which is often in marketing, market resarch or sales rather than planning. Second, they will probably have very different ideas and approaches to what might change in the future, making the results difficult to interpret. In addition, database structures tend to resist change, so adjusting them to possible new developments someone foresees can be a lengthy and resource-intensive process.\n\nUncertainty based planning can, however, be implemented building a simulation on existing, single-future planning from a database, making it possible to vary assumptions ex-post and allowing the user to build his different scenarios and strategies based on the information provided by all the different contibutors to the database. The simulation should build on the infrastructure and user interfaces generally used to get information from the database, so the implementation will be quite different depending on the given framework.\n\nFor the case study, let us look at a manufacturer of electronics components, integrated systems of these components and services around these components for different industries. 32 sales offices define the regional structure, which is grouped in 2nd level and top level regions. There are 21 product lines with individual planning, and market research gathers and forecasts basic data for 39 competitor product lines or competitor groups. Product lines are grouped into segments and fields of business. Strategically relevant figures in the database are units sold, net revenue and, available only for own product lines, direct cost and overhead cost. There are a few years of historical data besides forecasts for the coming four years, which is sufficient for the operative planning the database was intended for, but rather short for strategic decisions like the building of new plants or the development or acquisition of new products. The strategically relevant total data volume therefore is small compared to what controlling tends to generate, but rather typical for strategy databases.\n\nIn this case, we will look at a relational (e.g. Oracle – all brands mentioned are trademarks of their respective owners) database accessed through the Qlikview business intelligence tool. As Qlikview defines the only access to the data generally used by the planner, the actual database behind it, and to a certain extent even its data model, will mostly be interchangeable. The basic timeline view of our case study database looks as follows:\n\nTo effectively simulate the effects of the company’s decisions for different future developments, we have to extrapolate the data to a strategic timescale and calculate the effects of different external scenarios and own strategies. Qlikview, however, is a data mining tool, not a simulation tool. Recent versions have extended its interactive capabilities, introducing and expanding the flexibility of input fields and variables, but generally, Qlikview has not been developed to do complex interactive calculations in it. Future versions may move even more in that direction, but the additional complexity needed to include a full-fledged simulation tool would be immense. To do such calculations, one has to rely on macros to create the functionality, but Qlikview macros are notoriously slow, their Visual Basic Script functionality is limited compared to actual Visual Basic, and the macro editing and debugging infrastructure is rather… let’s say, pedestrian. Some experts actually consider it bad practice to use macros in Qlikview at all.\n\nThe only way around this limitation is to move the actual calculations out of Qlikview. We use Qlikview to select the data relevant for the simulation (which it does very efficiently), export this data plus the simulation parameters as straight tables to MS Excel or Access, run the simulation there and reimport the results.\n\nNow, why would one want to export and reimport data to do a calculation as a macro in Excel, in essentially the same language? VBScript in Qlikview is an interpreter: One line of the macro is translated to machine code and executed, then the next line is translated and executed, using massive resouces for translation, especially if the macro involves nested loops, as most simulations do extensively. VB in MS Office is a compiler, which means at the time of execution, the whole macro has already been translated to machine code. That makes it orders of magnitude faster. In fact, in our case study, the pretty complex simulation calculations themselves consume the least amount of time. The slowest part of the tool functionality is the explort from Qlikview, which es even slower than the reimport of the larger, extrapolated data tables. In total, the extrapolation of the whole dataset (which only has to be done once after a database update) takes well under than a minute on a normal business notebook, which should be acceptable considering the database update itself from an external server may also take a moment. Changing extrapolations for single products or simulating a new set of strategies and scenarios is a matter of seconds, keeping calculation time well in a reasonable frame for interactive work.\n\nIn most cases, a strategic planner will want to work with the results of his interactive simulations locally. It is, however, also possible to write the simulation results back into equivalent structures in the Oracle database, another functionality Qlikview does not provide. In that case (as well as for very large amounts of data), the external MS Office tool invoked for the calculation is Access instead of Excel. Through the ODBC interface, Access (controlled in Visual Basic, started by Qlikview) can write data to the Oracle database, making simulation results accessible to the selected users.\n\nThe market model used for the extrapolation and simulation in the case study as rather generic. Units sold are modeled based on a product line’s peak sales potential and a standardized product life cycle characteristical for the market. A price level figure connects the units to revenue; direct cost is extrapolated as percent of revenue and overhead cost as absolute numbers. The assumptions for the extrapolation of the different parameters can be set interactively. Market shares and contibutions margins are calculated on the side, leading to the following view for the extrapolation:\n\nOf course, depending on the market, different and much more complex market models may be necessary, but the main difference will be in the external calculations and not affecting the performance visible to the user. Distribution driven markets can include factors like sales force or brand recognition, whereas innovation driven markets can be segmented according to very specific product features. Generally, the market model should be coherent with the one marketing uses in shorter term planning, but it can be simplified for the extrapolation to strategic timescales and for interactive simulation.\n\nIf a strategic simulation is developed for a specific, single decision, scenarios with very specific effects including interferences between different scenarios and strategies can be developed in the project team and coded into the tool. In the present case study, a planning tool for long-term use in corporate strategy, both scenario and strategy effects are defined on the level of the market model drivers and can be set interactively. Ten non-exclusive scenarios for future developments can be defined, and for each scenario, ten sets of effects can be defined for selected groups of regions and products. Scenarios affect both own and competitor products and can have effects on sales potential, price, direct and overhead cost.\n\nStrategy definitions are very similar to scenario definitions, but strategies can only affect sales potential and price of own product lines. To account for the development or acquisition of new products, they can also add a life cycle effect, which can either expand the market or take market shares from selected or all competitors in the respective segment.\n\nAs opposed to classical scenario theory, the scenarios in this case study are non-exclusive, so the impacts of different scenarios can come together. Strategies can also be combined, so a strategy of intrinsic growth could be followed individually or backed up with acquisitions. A predefined combination of scenarios and strategies can be stored under a business case name for future reference.\n\nVarious visualizations of the evaluated data are automatically generated for interactive product and region selections using the Qlikview tools. In this case study, the linear timeline graph displays the baseline planning in comparison to the timeline after the current scenario and strategy settings for a selected figure. For certain figures the maximum and minimum values over all scenarios for the selected strategy are also displayed.\n\nRisk portfolios can display expected values vs. risk (variation all scenarios) for a selected strategy. Qlikview makes creating these portfolios for selected product and regions and aggregated over adjustable parts of the timeline very convenient. As desired, other types of portfolio views (e.g. market share vs. market size) can also be created.\n\nIn all these cases, it must be kept in mind that the purpose of the strategic simulation is not to provide exact numbers on what sales will be in the year 2022 given a certain scenario, but rather to make it clear to what extent that value can vary over all included scenarios. No simulation can eliminate uncertainty, but a good simulation will make the implications of uncertainty more transparent.\n\nQlikview does not support these simulations directly, but using the workaround of external calculation, the user-friendly interface Qlikview provides allows convenient selection of values and assumptions as well as quick and appealing visualization of results.\n\nIn an upcoming case study, we will look at the same business background implemented in a very different database and interface environment.\n\nDr. Holm Gero Hümmler\nUncertainty Managers Consulting GmbH\n\nThe Role of Databases for Strategic Planning – Some General Remarks\n\nLarge databases, traditionally the domain of the financial departments, are increasingly entering the world of strategic planners. Under the label “business intelligence”, database software and data mining tools are marketed to strategic planners, and their acceptance is quite obviously on the rise. Contributing factors could be a change of generations among planners, more user-friendly tools available, increasing technological experience among those contributing data (who often have a background in marketing rather than technology) and a narrowing cultural gap between strategic management and the technology people necessarily involved in setting up and running such databases.\n\nThe main driver behind the spread of strategic management information systems, decision support systems and strategic planning cockpits, however, is the decision makers’ insatiable hunger for definitive answers, clear recommendations and solid data. Where traditional strategic conceps like portfolios or SWAT analyses are highly aggregated and deliberately vague in their conclusions, a strategic database can assign aggregated discounted cashflow numbers to a selection of potential future products, based on data from product and region experts across the company. We have to be aware, however, that the origins of such information about the future remain essentially the same: extrapolation, projection, estimates and, more often than not, educated guesses.\n\nWorking with databases in strategic planning offers some obvious advantages:\n\n  • Databases help to avoid the chaos of versions and formats that often occurs when strategic information is traded within the company using standard office tools like tables or presentations. The data can be located on a central server or even an external cloud under the control of the corporate IT experts and governed by corporate IT security guidelines. Adequate access rights for the different users can be set individually or by standard rules.\n  • Database user interfaces and data mining programs provide convenient tools to aggregate and visualize the gathered data, speeding up the process of generating bite-size information for decision makers and potentially reducing the workload in planning departments typically short of resources.\n  • The standardization of data going into the database and the tools employed to fill it force contributors to address a certain minimum of questions in their planning process, adhere to common conventions and summarize their results in a predefined form.\n  • Everybody discussing a decision can argue based on one agreed set of data, representing the best available, up-to-date information from experts across the company’s network, which may include external sales partners, market researchers and consultants.\n\nThese advantages, however, come at a price:\n\n  • The clarity of versions and formats is not so much the result of the database itself, but of the strictly implemented strategic planning process that necessarily comes with it. If the thoughts behind a changed estimate in the database or a quick summary for an executive still end up being communicated in spreadsheets sent by e-mail, the advantage is eroded and the database becomes just one more data format users have to deal with.\n  • The reduced workload resulting from the use of business intelligence tools has to be compared to the additional resources needed to set up and run the systems. The needed expertise will often not be available within the company, and even for the most user-friendly tools, the actual planning cockpits will in many cases be programmed by external consultants.\n  • While standardized data structures to be filled define a minimum of questions to be addressed in generating the data, they also discourage any planning going beyond that, which may not fit into the database. Such standardization is particularly detrimental to any qualitative, critical or out-of the-box thinking that could be priceless as an indicator of possible yet unknown threats or as a source of ideas for future growth not included in current planning.\n  • The uniform view of the future defined by a planning database tends to reduce the awareness that the actual future will always be uncertain. The fact that the one future (or, at best, the generic base/best/worst case structure) defined in the database has been built from the input of many contributors and has been agreed upon between different departments makes it particularly difficult to argue against the results and ask the necessary “what ifs”.\n\nSome of these challenges can be addressed early in the process of setting up the database. Looking for synergies with database solutions already in use in the company, for example in controlling, can reduce the workload and accelerate the learning curve in the introduction phase. However, it also may introduce a bias towards processes and structures that are not ideal for information that contains estimates for an uncertain future rather than numbers from a well-accounted past. Leaving space for unstructured information within the database costs technical efficiency, but it may end up containing the one piece of information that avoids the need for parallel data exachange by e-mail or the decisive warning about an external threat that might otherwise have been unheard. Asking in time if an external support is to work as a consultant or merely as a programmer can save time and effort later and can avoid implementing potentially inefficient structures.\n\nIt is important to be aware that databases, data mining tools and even strategic planning cockpits can be an interesting source of information to be taken into account in a decision, but they are not decision tools. Asking the many “what ifs”, evaluating alternative strategies, testing for different external scenarios or analyzing potential competitors’ strategies can be done including information from such a database, but these, the actually decisive steps of strategic planning, are not done by the database. In most cases, the user interfaces employed are optimized for visualizing what’s in the database and are not even very well suited for interactively calculating the effects of assumptions that go beyond the scope of the underlying data structures.\n\nIt is, however, possible to develop tools to interactively calculate the impact of many different “what ifs” on the agreed planning basis, draw all the necessary information from the database and even write results for different scenarios back to the database, usually in separate but linked structures. The implementation will depend on the framework used, which will usually be either relational databases or multidimensional cubes. Furthermore, it depends on whether a separate data mining interface is used to access and visualize the data and if it should also provide the interface to the simulation and calculation tool.\n\nIn the upcoming weeks, we will look at two case studies on such interactive planning tools linked to pre-existing databases, both allowing the same scenario and strategic alternative evaluations on the same data, but in different database environments. One will be a relational database accessed through a data mining tool, the other a multidimensional cube providing its own user interface. We will look at similarities and differences of the two implementations and suggest ways to work around their respective limitations.\n\nDr. Holm Gero Hümmler\nUncertainty Managers Consulting GmbH\n\nThe Difficulty of Estimating Probabilities\n\nThe May Issue of the German Harvard Business Manager shows the results of a survey among corporate leaders on the importance of various risk factors (Die Sorgen der Konzernlenker, page 22). The survey was done at the World Economic Forum in Davos and asked about the estimated probability and expected effects for 50 predefined global risks. In the article, the results are plotted as the number of answers color coded in 5×5 grids (probability horizontal, effects vertical).\n\nThe striking result are not so much the five main problems identified in the article, but the similarity of the distributions of answers, particularly on the probability axis. Whereas the effects of some risks are actually (although not dramatically) seen as larger or smaller than the others, the probability estimates show a strong tendency towards the center of the scale. In other words, the 469 participating global leaders consider all but a handful of 50 global risks about equally probable. In fact, there are very similar distributions of probability estimates for things that are already happening, like the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, deeply rooted organized crime or a rise of cronic diseases (the inevitable consequence of rising life expectations), versus largely imaginary risks like the vulnerability to geomagnetic storms or unwanted results of nanotechnology.\n\nOn the one hand, this shows a general problem with the use of standardized scales in surveys. There is, of course, a tendency towards the middle of the scale, and asked for numbers, different participants might actually assign very different numbers to a “medium” probability. Even the same participant might think of very different numbers for a “medium” probability dependent on the category the risk is assigned to.\n\nBut the strange probability distributions also show something else: We are simply not very good at estimating the probability of future events, especially if they are rare or even unprecedented. In fact, the only future events that we can assign a probability to with a certain degree of confidence are events that recur quite regularly and where there is no reason to expect the systematics to change. And, of course, any complicated probability calculations, most notably the value-at-risk approach commonly used in risk management, are voodoo if they hide the fact that the input probabilities are wild guesses.\n\nDr. Holm Gero Hümmler\nUncertainty Managers Consulting GmbH\n\nPreparing for an Uncertain Future in a Small Company: Coffee Table Talk at the World Skeptics Congress\n\nAfter my talk at the World Skeptics Congress, I had an interesting conversation with the owner of a small, technology-driven company. The whole conversation lasted no longer than a cup of coffee. The main question was how a small to mid-size company can leverage the principles for dealing with uncertainty that I had outlined at the end of my conference talk. Here are the results of our talk (plus some explanations) in a few quick points:\n\n  1. Work with the knowledge that exists in your company. If you needed outside experts to tell you how your own market works, you would have probably gone out of business already. Outside help may, however, be useful (and sometimes necessary) to moderate the planning and decision process, to calculate financial impacts and to ask critical questions. The more technical and market expertise a business leader displays, especially if he or she is also the owner or founder of the company, the more hesitant many employees may be to bring up risks they see or feel looming on the horizon.\n  2. Make it clear what the purpose of the analysis is. Are there strategic decisions to make – if so, what are the options? If you want to test the viability of an ongoing strategy, what are the areas in which you could make adjustments? In addition, define a reasonable time range you want to plan. If you plan to build a production facility, that time range will be much longer than if you develop mobile phone software.\n  3. Look at uncertainties inside-out, going from effects to possible causes. The number of things that can happen in the world around you is infinite. The number of significantly different impacts on your business is rather small. Start with the baseline plan for your business – you have one, explicitly or implicitly. Look systematically what could change, for example in a tree structure: Sales or cost could be impacted. On the sales side, demand or your ability to supply could change. A change in demand could come from the market size or your market share. Market size can change via volume or price level. Get rid of branches in the tree that are (even after critical questions) unrealistic, have negligible impact or would not be affected by the strategic options or adjustments you are evaluating. If you can’t prepare for it, there’s no point in planning it. Also, don’t continue into branches that have identical or very similar impact on your actual business.\n  4. Identify key drivers of uncertainty and find possible values. Each branch of the tree gives you a driver of uncertainty. Compare their impact and get rid of the minor ones. You should end up with no more than ten key drivers (or ten for each market you are in, if there are several). Then assign two to five possible values each driver could have in the future. Think of normal as well al unusual developments, but try to avoid the generic base/best/worst assumptions.\n  5. Condense possible developments into scenarios. The different values of the drivers open up a cone (see graph below) of possible future developments. Scenarios are roads through that cone. The real future will not be identical to any one scenario, but should be somewhere around or between them. A scenario contains one possible value for each driver. Start out by looking for reasonable combinations of values, then build scenarios around them. There should be at least three scenarios, and more than five or six are rarely necessary. At least one scenario should cover the center of the cone of possible developments mentioned above, but others should lead to the more extreme corners, as well.\n    Isolate single factors that don’t fit into the scenario logic, either because they are independent from anything else (oil prices or tax rates sometimes fit in that category) or because there is a feedback (for example, in a local market, competitors may react to the strategy you choose). There should be no more than two or three such factors. Keep them separated and at the end of the whole process, check if varying them within reasonable limits changes the results of your analysis.\n  6. Derive the impact on your strategy and options. In a larger company, I would develop an interactive business plan simulation to do this, but in smaller companies, a grid of results with manual calculations or estimates should do. One axis of the grid are your strategic options or your current strategy and possible adjustments. The other axis are the scenarios. Write down (with some basic numbers!) where your company will be at the end of the planning period with each combination of strategies and scenarios. If a strategy looks catastrophic in one scenario or survivable but bad in several scenarios, you may want to stay away from it. If you decide on a strategy and find that it runs into trouble in one of the scenarios, derive which of the scenario’s values in the key drivers could function as an early warning indicator.\n  7. Do it! Here’s your main advantage over some of the multi-billion-Euro companies out there: Once you have come to a conclusion, actually implement it. Write down which steps you have to take to make it happen and check them off. If you have come up with early warning indicators, hang them on your office wall, put them on your computer desktop or into your calendar at regular intervals and test them. The only bad thing you can do with this analysis is to let it rot in your drawer.\n\nDr. Holm Gero Hümmler\nUncertainty Managers Consulting GmbH\n\nRisk Perception and Risk Management in Companies and Management Science – Talk at the 6th World Skeptics Congress in Berlin\n\nThe 6th World Skeptics Congress in Berlin in May 2012 had the topic “Promoting Science in an Age of Uncertainty”. While the main focus of the congress was on pseudoscience, creationism and alternative medicine, one of the aspects discussed was the rationality of human risk assessment. The Saturday afternoon session featured Professor Walter Krämer, mathematician and one of Germany’s most renowned authors on risk perception and statistics (“So lügt man mit Statistik”, “Die Angst der Woche: Warum wir uns vor den falschen Dingen fürchten”) and a presentation by Holm Hümmler.\n\nHolm Hümmler’s talk focused on the question if the structures of a company and the teachings of business schools make people’s decisions more rational or just irrational in a different way than those of humans acting on their private behalf. The talk touched on the role of financial risk management as a way of dealing with future uncertainties, Nassim Taleb’s popular book The Black Swan and the decisions leading up to the 2009 financial crisis. The complete presentation is available for download here:\n\n6th World Skeptics‘ Congress, May 19, 2012, Session 6, Risk Perception and Risk Management in Companies and Management Science – Observations about Managers Confronted with an Uncertain Future", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9184041619300842}
+{"content": "$350,000 Settlement for MS Diagnosis Not Reported by Doctor\n\n\nLisa G. Arrowood and Jed DeWick obtained a $350,000 settlement on behalf of a woman whose doctor failed to inform her that she had multiple sclerosis.  Despite knowing the plaintiff’s family history of MS and MRI’s that found white matter changes consistent with the disease, the doctor failed to disclose the diagnosis to the plaintiff or provide further evaluation and treatment which would have delayed the progression of the disease. The plaintiff alleged that due to the defendant’s negligence, the disease progressed unchecked for over a year causing a loss of brain tissue. The knowledge that the disease progressed unchecked also caused the plaintiff severe emotional distress.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9724702835083008}
+{"content": "How to Write the UChicago Application Essays 2016-2017\n\n\nLooking for the 2017-2018 post? You can find it here.\n\nFounded in 1890 by oil magnate John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago, often referred to as U of C or UChicago, is a preeminent research university located in Chicago’s Hyde Park neighborhood.\n\n\nRanked #4 by U.S. News & World Report, as well as sporting a reputation for academic rigor and excellence, it is no surprise that many students each year compete for the opportunity to call UChicago home. With an acceptance rate of 7.9% for the class of 2020, however, being admitted to the university is no easy feat. This is made no simpler by its supplement, which is notorious for asking out-of-the-box, free-form questions that can leave many applicants puzzled.\n\n\nIf you’re feeling stumped by the University of Chicago application, don’t worry. We at CollegeVine have crafted a comprehensive guide to completing the application that will help you decode what the admissions officers are really looking for, and craft responses that will demonstrate your unique personality and set you apart. Without further ado, we present our guide to responding to the 2016-2017 UChicago supplement questions.\n\nLooking for the 2017-2018 Essay Guides?\n\nWe're working on them!\n\n\n\nUniversity of Chicago Application Essay Prompts\n\n\n\n\nThis is a standard prompt asking the applicant to answer, “Why do you want to attend this school?” This prompt archetype is what we like to call a “check the box” essay, because it generally will not get you into a school unless your essay is extremely out-of-the-box and incredibly high quality (less than 0.5% of U of C applicants can even try to meet this standard, let alone match it).\n\n\nHowever, a poorly written or mediocre “Why UChicago?” essay may disqualify you even if you would have otherwise been accepted. The key to avoiding this fate is to leave generic statements such as “the campus is beautiful,” or the “students have a tight knit community,” that apply to literally hundreds of schools around the country, out of your essay. The university wants to see that you want to attend UChicago specifically, not just any top university in the country.\n\n\nAccordingly, in your essay, you want to refer to factors that are specific and unique to the University of Chicago. Creating an exhaustive list of such factors would require thousands of words; however, the following are a few distinctive factors submitted by our consultants from the university.\n\n\nNote: We would caution that there far more unique elements of the University of Chicago experience than are presented on this list, and that research (at least an hour or so) on the internet will help you identify the specifics most suitable for your profile. We would also warn that unless you plan on reading through fifteen years worth of Scav lists, merely name-dropping Scav will likely diminish the specificity and strength of your essay.\n\n\nHere’s the list:\n\n\n  • There’s no unified culture at Chicago, instead it’s an amalgamation of several different cultures, and even more so than other schools, it runs the gamut from serious intellectual debate and academically driven to a fun-loving, party-oriented one. Chicago has one of the widest ranges of subcultures out of any elite university, and since that is the case, you will be able to easily find like-minded peers as you naturally evolve over the course of your college career.\n\n\n  • The University of Chicago is a bastion of free market economics (at least relative to peer institutions) and is noted historically for housing Milton Friedman and Gary Becker, amongst other laureates of the “Chicago School” of economics. If you are interested more broadly in the field of economics or Academia, UChicago is the school for you. Economists affiliated with the university (alumni or faculty) have won 10 Nobel Prizes in economics, more than any other institution worldwide (Princeton is next with 6), and Chicago-affiliated individuals have won the fourth most Nobel prizes of all time. That’s just general research, but the specific takeaway in Chicago’s classes is that they are often more aligned towards research and academia than professional careers for a variety of reasons, ranging from being more theoretical in concepts covered to grade deflation not being as much of an issue due to it’s irrelevance in academia.\n\n\n  • The University of Chicago has a thriving political activism scene, but political debate at the university is unusually concentrated around the Institute of Politics (IOP), headed by political savant David Axelrod. The IOP also puts out one of the better funded and higher profile campus political publications, with writers at The Gate covering a variety of political and foreign affairs topics. As an illustration of the opportunities afforded to Gate writers, there are interviews on the site with senators and out of town mayors by UChicago undergrads.\n\n\n  • UChicago is a thought leader in mediating on the meaning and purpose of education (particularly higher education and liberal arts education), and if you’re interested in participating in or shaping that conversation, the school could be a good fit.\n\n\n  • The “Where Fun Goes to Die” axiom has some truth to it, but it really should be translated as “If you enjoy learning and/or working hard, the University of Chicago is the place for you.” If you can have fun with academics, it is an above-average place.\n\n\n  • The learning community at the University of Chicago has an unusual fascination with Durkheim.\n\n\n  • The university’s social justice community is heavily involved in the broader life of the South Side of Chicago, most notably displayed recently when they won a battle to create a trauma center at UChicago’s Medical Center. Tangentially, in addition to The Chicago Maroon, students also publish The South Side Weekly, a community publication that focuses on high-quality reporting on the South Side. There are very few opportunities at elite U.S. universities to do this kind of community reporting, which has become higher profile in recent months due to a surge of activism in Chicago.\n\n\n  • Mansueto Library is one of the most surreal environments you will ever experience. It is a bright and airy building with really cool modern architecture, but is always eerily silent.\n\n\n  • UChicago has an ice skating/roller skating rink right on campus (on the Midway). And it’s basically as big as the one in Rockefeller Center.\n\n\n  • Theoretical knowledge is prized over practical knowledge, though as with all generalizations, this effect has softened somewhat in recent years.\n\n\n  • If you like to/are good at writing, the Core will be a happy/successful place for you.\n\n\n  • Grade deflation is fierce, but the ethos of truly earning an “A” or “B” is rewarding if you can survive the stress and deal with occasional failure.\n\n\n\n\nThis is another “tick the box” question, but here the key is to avoid just writing down a basic list of books, musician, paintings, or similar topics. There are two different approaches for this prompt.\n\n\nFirst, you can stick with lists but rather than limiting yourself to the options presented in the prompt, you should instead consider adding some lists that are tied more closely to the facets of your personality or the organizing theme of your application. For example if you’re interested in computer science, you could choose to list your favorite GitHub repositories, StackOverflow threads, computer science bloggers, and other computer science-related items.\n\n\nThis can be juxtaposed against a few “lighter” (not academic or professional) lists, as that can help balance out your personality. For example, you could list your favorite brands of chocolate or a cappella groups to listen to on YouTube. You can’t really go wrong with a blend of lists that are tied to a central theme of your application and lists that are less serious.\n\n\nAlternatively, you can focus in on one specific list that is pretty central to your personality, and then provide annotations or explanations for how that list relates to your life. For example, if you are someone who’s particularly interested in politics, you might do a list of your top 10 favorite political events of your lifetime, and provide a snapshot of how you developed your own interests in politics.\n\n\nSo for example, you could mention President Obama’s second debate during the 2012 election and how at the same time you won a debate as an eighth grader, or how Donald Trump won the Republican primary earlier this year with an outsider’s campaign, it coincided with you winning a surprising election in your school’s politics club.\n\n\nThe main things to avoid, as with any college essay that you write, are any statements that are racist, sexist, classist, or homophobic, or could even be construed as such. College admissions counselors tend to hold more progressive values than the population at large, and a key part of writing college essays is understanding that they are your audience. You want to be extra careful in your essay as a result.\n\n\nExtended Essay Questions: (Required – Choose One)\n\n\nEssay Option 1:\n\n\n— Inspired by Maya Shaked, Class of 2018\n\n\nThe phrase that’s being referred to here is “going back to square one,” which loosely means resetting or returning to the starting point of a situation. Given that meaning, this prompt sets up very nicely for an essay that is reflective in tone, allowing you to write about a mistake that you may have made or a time you experienced failure. So if you wrote about the failure prompt for your Common App essay, this prompt might not be the best one for you to choose.\n\n\nThere are two high level approaches here.\n\n\nThe first is to take the position that you can in fact return to “square one” and (potentially) succeed thereafter, hinting at themes of perseverance and finding success by returning to fundamentals. If sports is a central theme for your application, this is a prompt and an approach that you can use to great success, especially if you subvert the motif.\n\n\nFor example, let’s say that you are a field hockey player and lost in the conference semifinals one year to a team loaded with division 1 talent. Then the next year, you and your team spend an entire preseason working on the fundamentals (both in terms of skills and teamwork) only to lose again to the exact same team the next year.\n\n\nThis is a subversion of the normal sports story in this vein where returning to the fundamentals doesn’t propel you to success. But if in the process you gain interesting perspective on your strengths and weaknesses and rediscover your love for the sport regardless of the outcome, then this can still be a very interesting essay. And the good news is that the essay doesn’t have to be about sports; the same framework frequently can be applied to other competitive pursuits ranging from essay contests to piano competitions.\n\n\nA second high-level approach is to take the position that “square one” is a specific set of circumstances and mindsets that, due to the natural passage of time and progression of events, can never be returned to. This approach lends itself particularly well to long running narratives that discuss anything ranging from a personal story of loss of innocence (this could be a place to discuss, say, the death of a close family member or friend) to how you dealt with the fallout from a series of poor choices you’ve made.\n\n\nThe key in either case is to make the point that “square one” or the original situation you wish you could return to is simply unattainable for a variety of factors such as circumstance and subsequent events. For example, you could reflect on your relationship with a close friend from elementary and middle school that you grew apart from as high school progressed.\n\n\nIf you and your former friend grew apart because the two of you had disparate interests (perhaps you began to focus on music and drama whereas she went into sports), then you could write a very interesting essay about the specific conditions that allowed the two of you to be friends and how the evolution of you as a person prevented that situation where the two of you could be friends from ever reoccurring.\n\n\nIf you hit the right notes in terms of poignancy (sadness) and nostalgia, then that could be a really powerful essay, and those same notes strengthen any personal essay that takes this approach.\n\n\nA variation on the second approach can apply if you are interested in writing an essay with more of an academic or professional tone. For example, if you spend a lot of time in high school working on biology research, you could write an essay that talks about how the nature of research is that you’re always adding to “square one “in terms of knowledge about a particular problem whether your experiment fails or succeeds (your hypothesis is proved or disproved), since failure (what isn’t true) is almost as valuable as success (what is true) in expanding the realm of scientific knowledge.\n\n\nThe key with this type of essay is to tie it back to your own personal experience and engagement with biology as a field, perhaps even creating a parallel for how every time you learn something in class, discuss something with a research mentor, or conduct an experiment, your own “personal square” one changes as well.\n\n\nEssay Option 2:\n\nOnce, renowned physicist Werner Heisenberg said: ‘There is a fundamental error in separating the parts from the whole, the mistake of atomizing what should not be atomized. Unity and complementarity constitute reality.’ Whether it’s Georges Seurat’s pointillism in ‘A Sunday on La Grande Jatte,’ the 1995-96 Chicago Bulls, quantum physics, or any other field of your choosing, when can the parts be separated from the whole and when can they not?\n\n— Inspired by Ender Sahin, Class of 2020\n\n\nThe central theme in this prompt is really hinting at the tension between individualism or individual components and teamwork or aggregated components that work in sync. As such, there are several different directions in which you can take this essay, and one key decision to make is whether you want to explore a personal essay, or write a more academic essay that explores this fundamental tension.\n\n\nOn the personal side, this is an essay where you can reflect on your dynamics when working in a team or as an individual and discuss what some of the elements of your personality are that drive each. For example, if you are someone who always excels at individual events on your Science Olympiad team but performs poorly at group events, you could reflect on why you tend to perform better at individual pursuits and what facets of your mental makeup drive that.\n\n\nYou could also take the opportunity to reflect on some of your weaknesses as to why you don’t do so well at team events, perhaps you don’t communicate well in groups, or you tend to get frustrated with the variable levels of skill on a team. While you don’t want to spend too much time dwelling on your weaknesses in a college essay, showing that you have a degree of self awareness is definitely a positive signal, and an essay that juxtaposes those two extremes by noting that you as an individual can be separated from the whole team to find success would be an interesting approach.\n\n\nConversely, if you are someone who feeds off a team environment and perform your best when you’re with peers that you would do anything for, then an equally viable stance to take is that you as a debater, basketball player, or trombonist cannot be separated from the overarching structure. Here again, the key is to focus on what elements of your personality drive this dichotomy.\n\n\nPerhaps because you are extroverted, you feed off of the banter and friendly conversation that a team naturally has, or you need the example set by a team leader or star performer to really succeed. Once again, you can nuance your essay by exploring why you aren’t necessarily successful at the same pursuits individually.\n\n\nThis can range from structural reasons (you find it hard to keep tempo without the beat of the musicians around you) to personal ones (without a team member playing the first match during a meet, you feel undue pressure to perform and collapse under that pressure). The idea here is to show self awareness in the opposite direction.\n\n\nYou can also write a more academic essay, particularly if you have specific area of focus on your profile, such as history or economics. If, for example, you participated in a variety of history clubs and competitions in high school, you could write a very interesting academically oriented essay talking about the interconnectedness of a variety of forces that conspired to cause a particular event that you have an interest in.\n\n\nThe key here is that you want to avoid events that are too generic or well known — an essay analyzing the causes of the Civil War isn’t necessarily going to turn heads. But an essay that talks about how the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire was an event that could only occur as a result of several independent contributing factors — including economic pressure, urbanization, lack of regulations, building constructions, and a lack of a worker’s rights movement — could be very interesting.\n\n\nThe key would be to discuss how the fire would not have occurred had any one of those elements been different.\n\n\nSubmit Your College Essay\n\n\nEssay Option 3:\n\n\n\n\nOnce again, you can take a more personal approach to this essay, or a more academic or commentary-oriented one — it really depends on what your preferences are. The personal approach is to take some sort of common motif or phrase that applies to your life or personality and give the backstory.\n\n\nThis is particularly interesting if you can find a minor quirk in your personality or behavior and then tie it to something deeper and more reflective. For example, if you have a nervous tick where you tap your foot whenever you’re bored or impatient, you could come up with an interesting idiom like “drilling a hole.” Do note if you try to use this exact idiom, the plagiarism filters that the admissions counselors use will trip and you will be penalized. \n\n\nCome up with your own idiom — this is merely meant as an instructive example. So with “shaking the earth” as an idiom for impatience, you might explore the fact that you have a relatively impatient personality and some other instances where this comes into play in your life. Then, you could tie your impatience to your intellectual curiosity and desire to always be learning new things, and bring the essay full circle by highlighting one of your strengths.\n\n\nAnother approach that bridges the personal and detached viewpoints is to come up with an idiom that is highly specific to your field of interest, then use that as a vehicle to explore your passion for the field. For example, you might coin an idiom “going on a diet” to refer to any time when a country’s government decides to pursue an economic policy of austerity.\n\n\nThen, you could use that idiom as a starting point to chart your intellectual journey in building a passion for economics, bringing up the various times you were exposed to the concept of austerity. For example, you could start by talking about how the first time you seriously discussed austerity was with an economics teacher, and that your after-class discussions with him about economics helped catalyze your passion. You can then expand your story to include your reading on the topic on the internet in your free time, and conclude with the moment when you won your regional Fed Challenge tournament by discussing monetary policy in the context of austerity.\n\n\nThis is also a great prompt to write social commentary, as idioms often are driven by the social context of a moment. The key with this approach is to make sure you establish the connection between your idiom and the underlying meaning, and then launch into an exhaustive and intellectually rigorous analysis of the underlying trend.\n\n\nFor example, you could coin an idiom like “walking off the cliff” to refer to the recent trend of people walking with their phone down and veering off the sidewalk onto the street and creating danger. You can then dive into the underlying societal trends about mobile phone usage and the like. There is opportunity to really explore social dynamics with this prompt.\n\n\nEssay Option 4:\n\n\n— Inspired by Raphael Hallerman, Class of 2020\n\n\nThis prompt lends itself towards writing an essay about a dramatic change, whether it’s something real or imagined. The same themes are explored in the adulthood prompt on the Common App, so if you choose to answer that prompt, you may want to avoid this one.\n\n\nThe technique with a personal essay here is to describe how the event in question transitioned you from one “world” to the next. The theme can definitely be related to your passions, whether academic or otherwise. For example, if you have a clear interest in physics throughout your profile and high school career, then you might discuss a particular concept that was interesting to you in physics as the “portal” that took you from a world where you were unsure of your intellectual passions to a world where you were highly passionate about physics.\n\n\nSo, if your particular interest in physics was in circuits, an interest that you then parlayed into a spot on the Physics Olympiad team and a captaincy on the electrical team of your schools robotics squad, then the capacitance equation could be your portal into a new world.\n\n\nYou can also explore other passions that aren’t academic, and can even get a little bit of a bonus if your portal is something that could conceivably be described as an actual physical portal. For example, let’s say that you spent your high school years focused on marching band. If you spent hours every week in the marching band, counted many fellow members as your closest friends, and eventually achieved a leadership position, then you could talk about how the door in the fence walking out onto the football field the first time your marching band performed was a portal between two worlds for you.\n\n\nIf you are a creative writer, this is a great prompt if you want to highlight that skill. Because of the open-ended nature of the prompt, you can write in a variety of genres — everything from science fiction to post-deconstructive realism. But there are a few keys here.\n\n\nThe first is that you have to make sure that your story is well written and that multiple people find it interesting. There are many different types of admissions counselors, and if your story isn’t appealing enough to a broad(er) audience, then you run the risk of alienating the person assessing your application. At the very least, if you’re going to write a story from a more arcane genre, you should write a disclaimer at the beginning describing the genre that you’re writing so that if an admissions counselor who’s not oriented towards literature receives your essay, they know to ask for a second opinion.\n\n\nWith that in mind, you should try to get feedback on your story from a couple of like-minded peers as well as your English teacher. The other key is that you want to avoid making your story too long. UChicago essays tend to have less of a hard-word-limit target than essays for other schools, but you still want to try to aim for fewer than 2,500 words, and ideally 1,500 to 2,000. Even if you’re a great writer, a long story can be problematic because the audience is a busy and overworked admissions counselor.\n\n\nEssay Option 5:\n\n\n— Inspired by Tiffany Kim, Class of 2020\n\n\nThe vestigial theme to this prompt lends itself towards a reflection on a gradual evolutionary process that discusses how you’ve changed over time. This is a contrast to some of the other options such as Prompts 1 and 4, which are oriented more towards single events or moments in time, so if you are interested in telling a more drawn out story in your essay, this is a great prompt to choose.\n\n\nThe key is to find a story where some element of your personality, experience that you had, relationship, or past behavior has become vestigial with the passage of time.\n\n\nA perfect example is a variation on the friendship theme that we discussed in the context of Prompt 1. If instead of the two of you drifting apart as your interests diverged, you remained close friends, your friendship could very well be described as vestigial, especially if the friendship was originally based on close, shared experiences and interests (say, a karate class).\n\n\nA particularly nuanced essay might draw on the fact that vestigial organs in animals tend to develop secondary functions later on even as their original function becomes irrelevant. That trait of vestigiality could be drawn as a parallel to the fact that even though you and your friend no longer share many interests, you are still always able to go to her when feuding with your core friend group to get an unbiased opinion and/or support and vice versa. In that sense, you could discuss the value that you draw from vestigial relationships.\n\n\nThis prompt is also set up well to use one of these vestigial elements in your life to discuss a prior hardship or difficult experience. For example, if you had a tough relationship with your younger brother growing up and the two of you always fought, you might pick a behavior that you have as a result. Perhaps you always tense up when someone asks “what do you want to watch” because you and your brother always fought over the TV remote.\n\n\nThen you could talk about the circumstances that have changed that behavior into a vestigial one, exploring both your relationship with your brother and your joint maturation over time. Even if your relationship with your brother isn’t necessarily better, you can at least use the fact that you’re putting some distance between yourselves by heading off to college as a justification for calling the behavior vestigial. If there’s a negative tenor to the relationship, you’ll still want to end on an optimistic note. \n\n\nEssay Option 6:\n\n\n\nAs always, our advice is similar to previous years as this is an identical prompt that appears every year. This essay really poses the highest risk but also the highest potential reward. Writing your own question allows you to write an innovative essay that either tackles a difficult or controversial topic (for example, our founder Vinay Bhaskara’s essay tackled why mainstream Hollywood films are more valuable than seemingly more intellectual independent films), or presents the information with a unique format (such as a conversation with a dead historical figure).\n\n\nGenerally speaking, your best payoff to this essay comes if you want to try something unconventional, such as writing an essay that describes the four years of high school as Hell, Purgatory, Paradise, and Heaven, and is written in the style of the divine comedy.\n\n\nThere are a variety of possibilities here ranging from the idiotic (you probably don’t want to write your own variation on the KKK’s platform referring to events in your high school life) to the (relatively) overdone — they’ve probably seen several essays that write an essay in iambic pentameter as an ode to Shakespeare.\n\n\nAnd we’ll reiterate the note above: this type of essay has the highest variance in terms of outcome. If done well, an unconventional essay can captivate the right admissions counselor in a way that no conventional essay can. Conversely, if the essay is executed poorly or even if it isn’t, your essay may go over the admissions counselor’s head or bore them. So this is only a strategy that you should try if you are confident in your abilities and have at least a couple of sources of high-quality feedback.\n\n\nThis is also an optimal prompt for truly diving into a passion that you have, particularly if it is of an advanced level or unique tenor. For example, if you know a lot about Norwegian history between 1842 and 1908, then writing a custom prompt that allows you to explore that passion may be easier than trying to bend that topic to match one of the prompts provided.\n\n\nAs with any academically oriented essay, you do want to make sure that any jargon you use is made clear, either via explicit explanation or context clues. You shouldn’t shy away from jargon — it’s one of the things that helps position you as an expert on the subject of your essay. But you don’t want to render the essay unintelligible to your reader. One broader note on writing your own prompt — it doesn’t have to be as complex or convoluted as the other UChicago prompts, and you mainly just want to find a prompt that matches the essay that you want to write, even if it is straightforward.\n\n\nNote: the first two questions and the sixth extended essay prompt were repeated on the applications for the class of 2018, 2019, and 2020. As such, we have used and updated the information from previous posts for those questions for 2021.\n\n\nArmed with this guide, you should be prepared to create an application that will wow adcoms and allow your distinct personality, skill set, and intelligence to shine through. We wish you all the best in your writing endeavors!\n\n\nFor more advice on applying to UChicago, feel free to look at the following posts:\n\n\n\nSubmit Your Essay For Review\n\nShort bio", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9697739481925964}
+{"content": "Weather stream not updating on iPhone?\n\nThere might be multiple reason why the weather stream is not updating to the latest data on your phone.\n\nFirst - you should know that this particular stream updates once every hour. Here are a few reasons why this might not happen:\n\n\nMake sure your phone has a working internet connection\n\nThe weather updates come to your phone that will then send them to your watch. If your phone is not connected to the internet, the weather updates will not reach it, therefore the weather stream on the watch will not update.\n\nTo check your internet connection, simply open your browser on your phone and go to any website or make a random search on google.\n\nIf using mobile data (3G or similar)\n\nIf using mobile data, you have to make sure that the Vector App on your phone has permissions to use your 3G connection:\n\nOn your phone, go to Settings / Mobile Data, scroll down to \"Vector\" and make sure that it is enabled.\n\nMake sure that the app notifications are enabled\n\nWeather updates are being sent as notifications to your watch, so those need to be enabled:\n\nOn your phone, go to Settings / Notifications, scroll down to \"Vector\" and make sure that notifications are enabled.\n\nAre you running on  Low Power Mode?\n\nYour iPhone has a \"Low Power Mode\" that can be enabled / disabled from Settings / Battery / Low Power Mode.\n\nTo make sure that weather updates go through, please ensure that the Low Power Mode is set to \"Off\".\n\nCheck background app refresh\n\nPlease check that background app refresh from you iPhone is on.\n\nOn your phone, go to Settings / General / Background app refresh and turn it ON as a global setting level.\n\nIn the list of apps, background app refresh should be turned ON for the Vector Watch App.\n\nMake sure that the vector app is running on your phone\n\nIf you killed the Vector Watch app on your phone, please open it again. Once opened, make sure that it is connected to your phone (sliding through the watch faces in the watch maker should reflect on the watch). You can now close the app back, but don't forget that if you kill it, weather updates will not go through.\n\nNone of these helped?\n\nPlease e-mail us at and we can help further troubleshoot.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8715816736221313}
+{"content": "Tag Archives: school\n\nMy latest book, The Naturalness Fallacy, is out now\n\n\nThe Naturalness Fallacy 2018 v1 cover 3d\nThe Naturalness Fallacy by James Kennedy (2018)\n\nThe Naturalness Fallacy is my latest book in the chemophobia series. It’s a quick read that introduces the causes, effects and solutions to the chemophobia problem.\n\nDownload this free book as a PDF here.\n\nGet your Future-Proof VCE Chemistry Formula Book for just $55\n\nJames Kennedy's VCE Chemistry Formula Book 2017-2021Inspired by the formula booklets used by VCE Physics and VCE Maths Methods, here’s an 8-page Chemistry formula booklet you can use for your Year 11 and 12 Chemistry assignments. This custom-made booklet is a collection of reliable formulae that I have been using to answer VCE Chemistry questions while teaching and tutoring around Melbourne.\n\nThere are 76 formulae on 8 pages. At least 10 of these formulae aren’t in the three main chemistry textbooks. Orders are shipped in A4-sized booklet that resembles the VCAA Data Booklet.\n\nOrders from schools, students and tutors are all welcome. Price includes free international delivery and a 10% voucher for the T-shirt store.\n\nOrder your copy now by clicking here\n\nLearn from the best\n\nJames Kennedy achieved outstanding A-level results in 2006 in Maths, Chemistry, Physics and Biology. Those excellent grades (which equate to an ATAR of 99+) earned him a BA (Hons) degree and a Masters degree in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge.\n\nShortcut formulae were just one of the techniques James used to pass his A-level exams and get into Cambridge. Along with structured revision, revision guides, practice papers and study notes on wall-cards, James used shortcut formulae to save precious time in the examination hall. You can get your own copy of these original shortcut formulae – revised and updated for the 2017-2021 VCE Chemistry course – for just $55 including free international shipping. Click here to get your copy.\n\nHere’s an preview of the inside\n\nVCE Chemistry Formula Booklet, $55. Free, Fast Delivery Included.\n\nClick here to purchase your 8-page companion book with 76 formulae relevant for VCE Chemistry Units 1-4\n\nLet’s add oxygen, fluorine and neon gases\n\nOxygen from Theodore Gray's amazing book, The Elements\nOxygen from Theodore Gray’s amazing book, The Elements\n\nThis post concludes the Periodic Table Smoothie experiment.\n\nRecall that we’ve just finished adding one mole of nitrogen gas and created a bizarre boron polymer at the bottom of our vessel. The temperature was 350 °C and the pressure in our vessel was 891 kPa.\n\nToday, we’re going to add 1.00 mole of oxygen gas, stand back and observe.\n\nNothing happens.\n\nThis is disappointing news.\n\nMany of the substances in our vessel react (more accurately, explode) in the presence of oxygen but the ignition temperature for all of those explosions to take place is at least 500 °C. The temperature of our vessel is set at just 350 °C. At this temperature, nothing would actually happen.\n\nThere’s not enough activation energy to break bonds in the reactant particles in order to get the reaction started. We call this activation energy (EA) in chemistry. If we were to add a source of excessive heat (e.g. a matchstick), the vessel would explode.\n\nShould we heat up the vessel to 500 °C and blow up the experiment right here?\n\nIf we did, the following reactions would happen:\n\n\nEnough of these reactions – particularly the first three – are sufficiently exothermic to trigger a chain reaction – at least up to the reaction of oxygen with beryllium carbide. The vessel would bang, explode, and shatter. The helium would float away, dangerous lithium amide would fly out sideways, and polyborazine powder, whatever that is, would land on the floor.\n\nLet’s not ignite our experiment – not yet.\n\nConclusion after adding 1.00 mole of oxygen gas\n\nSubstance Amount in mol\nHe(g) 1.000\nBe(s) 0.514\nLiH(s) 0.000\nLi2C2(s) 0.272\nB2H6(g) 0.000\nBe2C(s) 0.175\nH2(g) 0.007\nBeC2(s) 0.136\nCH4(g) 0.009\nN2(g) 0.552\nNH3(g) 0.154\nLiNH2(s) 0.277\npolyborazine 12.194 grams\n\n\nOxygen was relatively uneventful. Let’s add fluorine and see what happens.\n\nLet’s add fluorine gas\n\nElements by Theodore Gray\n\nThe following three reactions would all occur as 1.00 mole of fluorine gas is added:\n\n\nThese two products are quite interesting:\n\n  • HF, hydrogen fluoride, an aqueous solution of which was used by Breaking Bad’s Walter White to dissolve evidence (his victims)\n  • NF3, nitrogen trifluoride, is used as an etching agent when making printed circuit boards (PCBs)\n\nLet’s add neon gas\n\nElements by Theodore Gray\n\nWhen 1.00 mole of neon gas is added, the total pressure inside the vessel increases but no reaction occurs. The concentrations of all the other gases present are unaffected.\n\nThe End\n\nThat concludes our Periodic Table Smoothie experiment. The most interesting conclusion was the discovery of polyborazine, the bizarre solid that collected at the bottom of the vessel.\n\nAlso of interest was how easily we created ammonia, one of the simplest of biological compounds, just by mixing elements together. Could the compounds necessary for life be so easy to create that their existence is an inevitable consequence of the Big Bang? Is life inevitable? If the Big Bang were to happen all over again, would life occur? And would it look any different?\n\nPossibly not.\n\nWe Lied To You\n\nClick to download the book\n\nThis book contains 50 lies taught in the VCE Chemistry course.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nChemists need to speak the same language as the public\n\nChemists and the public need to be speaking the same language\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMore important than chemophobia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFocus on the 60% who are ‘neutral’\n\n\n\n\nLet’s add nitrogen gas\n\n\nInitial conditions\n\n\nSubstance Amount present (moles)\nHe(g) 1.00000\nBe(s) 0.51435\nLiH(s) 0.27670\nLi2C2(s) 0.27165\nB2H6(g) 0.23300\nBe2C(s) 0.17470\nH2(g) 0.14267\nBeC2(s) 0.13625\nCH4(g) 0.00949\n\nPressure: 718 kPa\nTemperature: 350 °C\n\nReactions of nitrogen in our 10-litre vessel\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWith what will the ammonia react in our vessel?\n\n\n\n\n\nWe’ve made borazine!\n\n\nBorazine is isostructural with benzene\n\n\n\nBorazine polymerises into polyborazine!\n\n\n\nPolyborazine’s chemical structure\n\nSimulation results\n\nnitrogen smoothie.png\n\nOnce polymerised, this would form about 12 grams of polyborazine:\n\n\n\nConclusion after adding 1.00 mole of nitrogen gas\n\nSubstance Amount in mol\nHe(g) 1.000\nBe(s) 0.514\nLiH(s) 0.000\nLi2C2(s) 0.272\nB2H6(g) 0.000\nBe2C(s) 0.175\nH2(g) 0.007\nBeC2(s) 0.136\nCH4(g) 0.009\nN2(g) 0.552\nNH3(g) 0.154\nLiNH2(s) 0.277\npolyborazine 12.194 grams\n\n\n\n\n\nLet’s add carbon (graphite) powder\n\n‘Carbon’ page from Theodore Gray’s amazing book: The Elements\n\n\nAllotropes of carbon\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  • all these reactions occur at the same rate;\n\n\nHere are the results of the simulation\n\n\n\nSummary of results\n\n\n\n\nPressure in the vessel increases to 718 kPa after carbon is added\nPressure in the vessel increases to 718 kPa after carbon is added\nmass of sludge in periodic table smoothie after adding carbon.png\nMass of sludge in the vessel changes after adding carbon\n\nHere’s what’s present in the vessel after adding carbon\n\nSubstance Moles present after 500 ‘steps’\nHe(g) 1.00000\nBe(s) 0.51435\nLiH(s) 0.27670\nLi2C2(s) 0.27165\nB2H6(g) 0.23300\nBe2C(s) 0.17470\nH2(g) 0.14267\nBeC2(s) 0.13625\nCH4(g) 0.00949\n\n\nNext week, we’ll add nitrogen and see what happens.\n\nLet’s add boron powder\n\n‘Boron’ page from Theodore Gray’s book, The Elements\n\nBoron is a metalloid: an intermediate between the metals and non-metals. It exists in many polymorphs (different crystal lattice structures), some of which exhibit more metallic character than others. Metallic boron is non-toxic, extremely hard and has a very high melting point: only 11 elements have a higher melting point than boron.\n\nBritish scientist Sir Humphrey Davy described boron thus:\n\n“[Boron is] of the darkest shades of olive. It is opake[sic], very friable, and its powder does not scratch glass. If heated in the atmosphere, it takes fire at a temperature below the boiling point of olive oil, and burns with a red light and with scintillations like charcoal” – Sir Humphrey Davy in 1809\n\nInitial condition\n\nBefore we add the 1.00 mol of boron into our reaction vessel, we need to recall what’s already in there from our experiments so far:\n\n  • H2(g): 0.70 mol\n  • He(g): 1.00 mol\n  • Li(s): 0.40 mol\n  • LiH(s): 0.60 mol\n  • Be(s): 1.00 mol\n\nThe temperature of our vessel is 99 °C and the pressure of the gaseous phase is 525.5 kPa.\n\nNow, let’s add our 1.00 mol of boron powder.\n\nWhich reactions take place?\n\nBoron reacts with hydrogen gas to produce a colourless gas called borane, BH3(g), according to the following equation[1]:\n\n\nBoron also reacts with lithium in very complex ways. If we heat the vessel up to 350 °C, we’d expect to see the formation of a boron-lithium system with chemical formula B3Li according to this equation[2]:\n\n\nNotice that now we’ve heated up our vessel to 350 °C to allow this reaction to happen, the lithium at the bottom of the vessel has melted.\n\nBoron reacts with lithium hydride as well, but only at temperatures around 688 °C. With our vessel’s temperature set at 350 °C, we won’t observe this particular reaction in our experiment.[3]\n\nSome allotropes of boron – in particular, the alpha allotrope that was discovered in 1958 – is capable of reacting with beryllium to form BeB12. Because we’re using beryllium powder, which has semi-random  symmetry, we won’t see any BeB12 forming in our vessel. Alpha-boron only exists at pressures higher than around 3500 kPa. At our moderate pressure of only 525.5 kPa, powdered (semi-random) boron will prevail and no BeB12 will form.[4]\n\nFor simplicity’s sake, let’s assume that the two reactions above take place with equal preference.\n\nBoron powder reacts with hydrogen gas\n\nLet’s do an ice table to find out how much borane we make.\n\n\nA quick n/ratio calculation shows us that the hydrogen gas is limiting in this reaction:\n\n\nWe can expect all of the hydrogen gas to react with the boron powder.\n\nunits are mol 2 B 3 H2 2 BH3\nI 0.50 0.70 0\nC -0.466 -0.70 +0.466\nE 0.0333 0 0.466\n\nBorane is very unstable as BH3, and it would probably dimerise into B2H6(g). This is still a gas at 350 °C and is much more stable than BH3. For the rest of this experiment we’ll assume that our 0.466 mol of BH3 has dimerised completely into 0.233 mol of B2H6.\n\nBoron powder reacts with lithium\n\nWith the molar ratios present in our vessel, at 350 °C, we’d expect to witness the formation of a boron-lithium system, with chemical formula B3Li.\n\n\nA quick n/ratio calculation shows that in this reaction, the boron powder is limiting.\n\n\nAll of the remaining boron therefore reacts with lithium. To calculate exactly how much B3Li we’ve created, let’s do another ice table:\n\nunits are mol 3 B Li B3Li\nI 0.533 0.40 0\nC -0.533 -0.178 +0.178\nE 0 0.222 0.178\n\nWhat’s in our vessel after adding boron?\n\nWe have the following gas mixture in our vessel:\n\nHelium gas, He(g): 1.00 mol\n\nHelium is an inert noble gas that will probably remain in the vessel until the end of the experiment. It’s used in party balloons.\n\nBorane gas, B2H6(g): 0.233 mol\n\nWe made this today. Borane is used in the synthesis of organic chemicals via a process called hydroboration. An example of hydroboration is shown below.\n\n\nAt the bottom of the vessel, there’s a sludge, which contains the following liquids and solids:\n\nMolten lithium, Li(l): 0.22 mol\n\nLithium is used in the production of ceramics, batteries, grease, pharmaceuticals and many other applications. We’ve got 0.22 moles of lithium, which is about 1.5 grams.\n\nBeryllium powder, Be(s): 1.00 mol\n\nBeryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, which is used in springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and non-sparking tools.\n\nLithium hydride, LiH(s): 0.60 mol\n\nLithium hydride is used in shielding nuclear reactors and also has the potential to store hydrogen gas in vehicles. Lithium hydride is highly reactive with water.\n\nBoron-lithium system, B3Li(s): 0.178 mol\n\nWe made this today… but what is it? Not much is known about this compound – in fact, it doesn’t even have a name other than “boron-lithium system, B3Li”. It’ll probably decompose eventually in our experiment – maybe when we alter the pressure or temperature of the vessel at some later stage. We’ll need to keep an eye on this one.\n\nThe original H2(g) and B(s) have been reacted completely in our experiment.\n\nWhat’s the pressure in our vessel now?\n\nAt the end of our reaction, the temperature of our vessel is still set at 350 °C and the pressure of the gaseous phase inside the vessel can be calculated to be a moderate 638 kPa as follows:\n\n\n*It should also be noted that some evidence exists for a reaction between LiH and BH3, forming Li(BH4). The reaction seems to take place stepwise with increasing temperature. A quick read of this paper suggests that in our vessel, which is at 350 °C, any Li(BH4) formed would actually break back down into boron powder and hydrogen gas, which would in turn react with each other and with lithium metal to form BH3 and LiH again. The net result would be a negligible net gain of LiH and a negligible net loss of boron powder. We will continue calculating this Periodic Table Smoothie under the assumption that if any Li(BH4) forms, it breaks down before we add the next element, and the overall effect on our system is negligible.\n\n**Li(BH4) is an interesting compound: it’s been touted as a potential means of storing hydrogen gas in vehicles – it’s safer and releases hydrogen more readily than LiH, which was mentioned above.[5]\n\nNext week, we’ll add element number 6, carbon, and see what happens.\n\n\n  1. “Borane”. Wikipedia. N.p., 2016. Web. 14 Apr. 2016.\n  2. Okamoto, H. “The B-Li (Boron-Lithium) System”. Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 10.3 (1989): 230-232.\n  3. Matkovich, V. I. Boron And Refractory Borides. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1977. Print.\n  4. Gaulé, G. K. Boron, Volume 2: Preparation, Properties And Applications. New York: Plenum Press, 1965. Print.\n  5. Saldan, Ivan. “A Prospect For Libh4 As On-Board Hydrogen Storage”. Open Chemistry 9.5 (2011): n. pag. Web.\n\nLet’s add lithium powder\n\nLithium: a page from Theodore Gray's book The Elements\nLithium: a page from Theodore Gray’s book The Elements\n\nInitial condition\n\n  • Hydrogen gas, H2(g): 1.00 mol\n  • Helium gas, He(g): 1.00 mol\n\nLast week, our vessel contained a mixture of hydrogen and helium gases. No chemical reactions have occurred so far, but that is about to change. Today, we’ll add 1.00 mole of lithium powder to the mixture and observe our first chemical reaction.\n\nWhat does lithium look like?\n\nLithium is a soft, silvery metal with the consistency of Parmesan cheese. Lumps of lithium can be cut with a knife and it’s so light that it floats on oil. It would float on water as well if it weren’t for the violent reaction that would take place. Lithium is very well-known by science students for its ability to react with water, producing hydrogen gas and an alkaline solution of lithium hydroxide.\n\n\nThere’s no water in our vessel so the above reaction won’t actually take place. We’ve only got hydrogen gas and helium gas inside. Let’s see if our powdered lithium reacts with either of those gases.\n\nWill the lithium powder react in our vessel?\n\nYes! Lithium reacts with hydrogen gas very slowly. One paper by NASA cited a reaction occurring at 29°C but the yield and rate were both very low. Because I want to initiate as many reactions as possible in this experiment, I’m going to heat my vessel to 99°C by immersing it in a bath of hot water. According to the NASA paper, this temperature would give my reaction a 60% yield after two hours.\n\n\nLithium hydride is beginning to collect in the bottom of my 10-litre vessel. It’s a grey-to-colourless solid with a high melting point.\n\nHow much of each substance do we now have in the vessel?\n\nFirst, we need to know which reagent is limiting. We can calculate this by using the following rule:\n\n\nLet’s substitute the values into the expression for all the reactants in this reaction: Li(s) and H2(g).\n\n\nIf the yield was 100% (i.e. a complete reaction), I’d expect to make 1.00 mole of lithium hydride. However, we’re only going to get 0.60 moles because according to the NASA paper, the yield of this reaction is only 60% at my chosen temperature.\n\nLet’s do an ‘ice’ table to find out how much of each reactant reacts, and hence how much of each substance we have left in our reactor vessel.\n\nunits are mol 2Li H2 2LiH\nI (initial) 1.00 1.00 0\nC (change) -0.60 -0.30 +0.60\nE (equilibrium) 0.40 0.70 0.60\n\nBy the end of our reaction, we’d have:\n\n  • H2(g): 0.70 mol\n  • He(g): 1.00 mol\n  • Li(s): 0.40 mol (still solid: it melts at 180.5 degrees)\n  • LiH(s): 0.60 mol\n\nWhat does 0.60 mol LiH look like?\n\nLet’s use the density formula to try find out how many spoonfuls of LiH we’ve created.\n\n\nWe’ve made 6.11 millilitres of lithium hydride powder! That’s a heaped teaspoon of LiH.\n\nWhat’s the resulting pressure in the vessel?\n\nOur elevated temperature of 99°C will have caused a considerable pressure increase inside the vessel.\n\n\nThat’s 5.2 atmospheres (atm) of pressure, which is quite high. A typical car tyre is about 2 atm for comparison.\n\nWhat if the vessel exploded?\n\nBANG. The contents of the vessel, after they’ve rained down on an unsuspecting crowd, would react explosively with the water and other compounds in our bodies to produce caustic lithium hydroxide and toxic lithium salts. I recommend stepping away from the vessel and behind a thick safety screen at this point. Even though our imaginary vessel is quite strong, we better put on a lab coat and safety glasses as well—just in case.\n\nConclusion after adding lithium powder\n\n  • H2(g): 0.70 mol\n  • He(g): 1.00 mol\n  • LiH(s): 0.60 mol\n  • Pressure = 525.5 kPa\n  • Temperature = 99°C\n\nNext week, we’ll add 1.00 mole of beryllium to the vessel and see what happens.\n\n\nLet’s add helium gas\n\n‘Helium’ page from Theodore Gray’s amazing book, The Elements\n\nLast week, we put 1.00 mole of hydrogen gas into a cylinder. The resulting pressure was 243 kPa and the temperature was maintained steady at 20°C. This week, we’ll add 1.00 mol of helium gas, He(g), to the vessel and see what happens.\n\nWill the helium react with the hydrogen?\n\nNo. Helium is completely inert. Hydrogen and helium will co-exist without undergoing any chemical reactions.\n\nWhat will the resulting pressure be?\n\nThis is a very simple calculation. With 2.00 moles of gas in the vessel, the pressure would be double what it was before. This is known as Dalton’s law of partial pressures: the total pressure in a vessel is equal to the sum of all the pressure of the individual gases in the vessel.\n\n\nLet’s convert that into pounds per square inch (psi) for easy comparison with everyday objects.\n\n\nThat’s about the same as a hard bicycle tyre.\n\nHow fast are the molecules moving?\n\nRemember from last week that when our vessel contained only hydrogen gas, the molecules were moving around randomly with an average speed of 1760 metres per second.\n\nKinetic molecular theory states that the kinetic energy of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of that gas. The formula for kinetic energy is shown below:\n\n\nAt constant temperature, heavier particles move more slowly than lighter ones. Even though they have the same kinetic energy, helium atoms at 20 °C move slower than hydrogen molecules at 20 °C because they have almost exactly double the mass. How much slower does the helium move? Let’s find out.\n\n\nThe molecules are moving at 1245 metres per second, or 4482 km/h. This is slower than the hydrogen gas by a factor of exactly root 2.\n\nThe molecules in our vessel could orbit the Earth in just 6 hours if they were to move in a single direction at this speed. Because the motion of particles in our gas mixture is random – they jiggle about rather than move in a single direction – they stay securely in the vessel.\n\nConclusion after adding helium\n\nNo chemistry’s happening in the vessel – not yet. Molecules of hydrogen and helium are simply co-existing in our vessel, bouncing off each other at different speeds and not interacting in any other way.\n\n  • Hydrogen gas, H2(g): 1.00 mol\n  • Helium gas, He(g): 1.00 mol\n\nFor some chemistry to happen, we’ll need to add the next element, lithium. We’ll do that next week.\n\nLet’s add hydrogen gas\n\nHydrogen: a page from Theodore Gray's book, The Elements\nHydrogen: a page from Theodore Gray’s book, The Elements\n\nI’m going to add 1.00 mol of hydrogen gas, H2(g), to our 10-litre vessel. We’ll assume that the entire experiment is carried out at normal room temperature – let’s say it’s 20°C.\n\nHow much does a mole of hydrogen cost?\n\nHydrogen gas is a relatively cheap element, and my one mole of H2(g) would cost less than one cent at wholesale prices. That said, the shipping, handling and service fee would be a couple of orders of magnitude greater than the cost of the gas itself, and I’d probably need to give the store about a dollar for the privilege of taking one cent’s worth of hydrogen gas.\n\n\nWhat does a mole of hydrogen look like?\n\nWe’ll assume the temperature is 20°C and the atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa, which is what the Weather app on my phone is reading right now. After the hydrogen gas has been released from its high-pressure storage cylinder, my one mole of H2(g) would have a volume of 23.8 litres at these conditions. That’s about enough hydrogen gas to fill up a party balloon.\n\n\nHydrogen is a colourless, odourless gas that’s lighter than air. It’d float upwards very quickly if I opened the valve in the store. I’m now going to squeeze all that gas into my 10-litre vessel.\n\nWhat’s the resulting pressure of the vessel?\n\nIf I squeeze that 23.8 litres of hydrogen gas into my 10-litre vessel, the resulting pressure in the vessel must be greater than atmospheric pressure (1 atm) because I’ve compressed the gas. We can calculate the final pressure precisely by using the ideal gas law: PV=nRT.\n\n\nThat’s significantly higher pressure than atmospheric pressure, which varies from 100 kPa to 102 kPa under normal weather conditions.\n\nInterestingly, the pressure in the vessel, 243 kPa, is equal to 35.2 pounds per square inch (psi), which is the same as the recommended pressure for a car tyre.\n\n\nOther than making random movements inside the vessel, the hydrogen molecules won’t really do anything else.\n\nHow fast are the molecules moving about?\n\nWe can calculate the average speed of the molecules by using the following equation:\n\n*Note that R is the gas constant, 8.31, and M is the molar mass in kg/mol\n\n\nThe molecules are travelling at about 1760 metres per second (on average).\n\nHow much distance will the gas molecules travel before they collide with one another?\n\nFor this question, we need to calculate something called mean free path. The mean free path is the average distance we can expect each molecule to travel before it collides with another molecule. Mean free path is quite long in a vacuum, and very short at high pressure conditions. One of the formulae used to calculate mean free path, λ, is shown below.\n\n**Note that in this formula, pressure (P) must be measured in pascals (Pa)- not kilopascals (kPa). We therefore need to multiply our kilopascal pressure by 1000 to convert it from kPa to Pa.\n\n*** Note also that d is the diameter of the molecules being studied in metres. Wikipedia tells us that hydrogen molecules have a diameter of 120 picometres. I’ve used this value in the equation below.\n\n\nThe molecules in our vessel collide with each other roughly every 260 nanometres. That’s tiny: it’s just a few percent of the width of a cell nucleus!\n\nHow often do the molecules collide?\n\nLet’s go right back to Year 10 Physics for this one. The time between collisions will be equal to the average distance travelled between collisions divided by the average speed of the molecules:\n\n\nThe molecules collide with each other roughly every 0.1478 nanoseconds.\n\nHow many times do the molecules bump into each other each second?\n\nBy taking the reciprocal of the average collision time, we can find out how many times the molecules collide with each other every second, on average:\n\n\nEach molecule in our ten-litre vessel makes 6.765 billion collisions per second with neighbouring molecules.\n\nApart from lots of uneventful particle collisions – a total of 4.07 decillion uneventful collisions per second to be precise – not much else is happening in our ten-litre vessel at this stage.\n\n\n  • Hydrogen gas, H2(g): 1.00 mol\n\nNext week, we’ll add some helium to the vessel and see what happens.\n\nPeriodic Table Smoothie\n\nperiodic table by randall monroe what if.png\nImage from Randall Monroe’s excellent book, What If?: Serious scientific answers to absurd hypothetical questions\n\nYesterday, I was wondering what would happen if we mixed the entire periodic table of elements together in a blender. Unsurprisingly, it would explode, scattering radioactive dust and debris for miles around in a red-hot fireball formed from the simultaneous fission of the entire seventh row. The periodic table would only need to be the size of a matchbox in order for this explosion to happen.\n\nCalculating exactly what would happen would be incredibly difficult. There are so many simultaneous reactions – including nuclear reactions – taking place that it’s almost impossible to predict the outcome in any more detail than “KABOOM”.\n\nMaking a real Periodic Table Smoothie  would be prohibitively expensive. You’d need 118 particle accelerators (costing $1 billion each) all pointing at the same target just to get single atoms of each element to collide at the same time. This is even more difficult than it sounds: those elements near the bottom of the periodic table (numbers 105 and above) are so unstable that they’d break down before they even reach the target. There are massive financial and physical challenges to mixing an entire periodic table up in a blender.\n\nInstead of adding all the elements at the same time, I’ll be adding one element each week to an imaginary 10-litre vessel and documenting – as a theoretical exercise – what happens. Ultimately, we all know it’s going to explode at some point. But when will it do that? How many elements are we able to add before it finally explodes? Will we create anything interesting along the way?\n\nThis very idea was floated on Reddit’s AskScience forum in 2013 but nobody actually figured out (seriously) what would happen.\n\nJoin me next week to start the experiment.\n\nperiodic table smoothie on reddit.jpg\n\n\nWhat if we put 200 g ice into 1.00 L hot water?\n\nIce + water --> ice water\nHow much of a chill will these ice cubes give to a bucket of hot water?\nToday, we’re going to answer the following question:\n\nWhen 200 grams of ice is added to a bucket containing 1.00 litre of hot water, what’s the final temperature of the water?\n\nTo answer the question, we’re going to need to make some assumptions. We’ll take 1.000 litre of pure water at 80.00°C and add 200.0 g of ice (at -10.00°C) to it. What’s the final temperature of the water?\n\nPart 1: Heat transfer method\n\nThe following equation can calculate the temperature at thermal equilibrium of any number of objects in thermal contact.\n\n\nI love this equation because it’s several lines of maths shorter than the version taught in school. With this equation, you don’t even need to convert the temperatures into kelvin. Celsius works just fine.\n\nLet’s set up the equation so that the addition series contains the variables in the question.\n\n\nNow, let’s substitute the gives values into the equation. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1 K-1, and that of ice is 2100 J kg-1 K-1.\n\n\nGreat! Adding 200.0 g of ice to 1.000 L of water decreases the temperature from 80.00°C to 71.80°C.\n\nBut we’ve forgotten something. The ice will melt as soon as it hits the hot water. Since melting is an endothermic process, heat energy from the water will actually be absorbed, thus reducing the final temperature even further.\n\nPart 2: Let’s take into account the fact that the ice melts!\n\nRemember our formula from part 1.\n\n\nThe amount of energy required to melt ice can be calculated using the latent heat equation:\n\n\nRemoving that amount of heat energy from the system results in the following equation:\n\n\nGreat! Now, we’ve calculated that the final temperature of the water would be 57.36°C after the addition of the ice. That’s equal to 330.5 kelvin, which will be useful later.\n\nHowever, we’ve forgotten to take something else into account: how much heat will be lost as radiation from the surface of the bucket?\n\nPart 3: What’s the rate of heat loss from the bucket by radiation?\n\nThe rate of heat lost by radiation can be calculated by using the Stefan-Boltzmann equation, below.\n\n\nP is the rate at which heat energy is radiated from the surface of the bucket in watts. Emissivity, e, of water is 0.95, and the surface area, A, should be around 0.0707 m2 for a one-litre bucket. Calculation of A is shown below. Assuming that the radius of the surface of the bucket is 6cm:\n\n\nPlugging that value into the equation, we can find P. We’ll assume that the experiment is being conducted at room temperature and the temperature of the surroundings is 20.00°C (29.03 K).\n\n\nThis means that 2.928 joules of energy are emitted from the surface of the bucket every second. Ten minutes later, the bucket would have lost 1756.8 joules of energy due to radiation from the surface. But what about emission of radiation from the sides of the bucket?\n\nLet’s say that our bucket is made from highly polished aluminium (which has emissivity 0.035) and it holds exactly 1.2 litres of water. We need to calculate the dimensions of the bucket.\n\nAssuming it has straight sides (i.e. it’s a cylinder), the bucket had volume equal to the following formula:\n\n\nThe surface area of our bucket (excluding the open surface at the top) is:\n\n\nThe rate of energy radiation from the sides would therefore be:\n\n\nIt’s interesting to note how very little radiation is emitted from the shiny aluminium bucket, while lots more radiation is emitted from the surface of the water. This is because relatively ‘dark’ water has a much higher emissivity than shiny aluminium. Total emission from the bucket is therefore:\n\n\nAfter ten minutes, the bucket would have lost the following amount of energy:\n\n\nLet’s factor this amount of energy loss into our final temperature equation.\n\n\nNot much energy is lost via radiation! Finally, let’s find the peak wavelength of the radiation emitted by the object using Wien’s law.\n\nPart 4: What’s the wavelength of the radiation being emitted by the bucket?\n\nHere’s Wien’s law from Unit 1 Physics…\n\n\nThe radiation emitted from the resulting bucket of water lies firmly in the infra-red part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The bucket would be clearly visible on an infra-red camera!\n\nNext week, we’ll begin a new a Chemistry-themed project called Periodic Table Smoothie. More next week.\n\nCombining Chemicals And Students Safely\n\nChemistry lab. Image supplied by National Laboratory Sales\nImage supplied by National Laboratory Sales\n\nIn science education, chemistry is one of the disciplines that involves regular hands-on work in a laboratory. While teaching students the intricacies of chemistry presents no exceptional risk, the very real dangers posed by many chemicals demand a higher level of safety consciousness and preparedness. This general overview outlines sensible security precautions for high school and college chemistry labs.\n\nThe Importance Of Documentation\n\nFortunately, in a classroom setting, all of the chemicals being used will be well understood. This means information on their potential risks is widely available. This information must be used to ensure that each substance used is treated with the proper respect for the dangers it poses.\n\nThe first source of information for any chemical is the label it carries. These always describe their hazards, but labeling may be incomplete. A more authoritative source for hazard information is the material safety data sheet (usually referred to as an MSDS) for the substance. A comprehensive reference collection of MSDSs is an integral part of every laboratory, and this collection needs to be freely available to all teachers using the classroom’s chemical supply.\n\nEquipment And Facilities\n\nAt the high school or college level, chemistry experiments demand their own dedicated laboratory spaces. These labs should meet all state and national safety requirements and cannot be used for teaching other subjects. Even the scheduling of laboratory use must be geared towards safety. Adequate free periods must be included every day for cleaning the lab and disposing of chemicals.\n\nChemicals need a dedicated, lockable storage room equipped to contain them safely. A prep room is also required for teachers to use. This needs equipment similar to the lab room albeit on a smaller scale. For all three of these spaces, ventilation is a critical concern. Ventilation hoods should be used in the lab itself and all of the air removed from the lab must be vented outside.\n\nFull safety equipment needs to be available for everyone in the laboratory while chemicals are in use. This includes both permanent safety facilities (e.g. eyewash stations, first aid kits, etc.) and personal protective equipment (PPE), including goggles. Goggles for use in chemistry labs must conform to stricter standards than other forms of eye protection to ensure that they protect against both flying debris and liquid splashes.\n\nPlanning And Preparing\n\nEvery chemistry lab needs thorough safety plans for both general and specific chemical risks. While standardized materials including the safety documentation discussed above can be used to prepare safety plans, each teacher responsible for leading classes in the lab has a responsibility to set out his or her own safety measures.\n\nCustomized safety preparations should take the specifics of the facility and the coursework into consideration. Methods for calling for help, evacuating the lab, and documenting incidents will vary based on the layout of the facility and its resources. By designing their own safety plans, teachers will be better prepared to enact them in the event of an accident.\n\nThe Teacher’s Role\n\nA chemistry teacher has many responsibilities beyond instruction and safety planning. One of the most important of these responsibilities is teaching his or her students to share a healthy respect for the hazards posed by chemicals. Teaching and testing them on basic safety precautions and lab-specific emergency procedures is just a start.\n\nStudents should learn to understand the intricacies of chemical labeling before working with hazardous chemicals. (For example, the terms danger, warning, and caution are each distinct, indicating decreasing levels of risk.) At the college level, where students may be working independently and designing their own experiments, teaching them to read the MSDS is strongly recommended. For younger students teachers can often make use of intermediate-level warning documentation (e.g. CLIPs, Chemistry Laboratory Information Profiles) to give them adequate chemical reference materials.\n\nKeeping students safe in the laboratory is not a difficult job. It requires a heightened sense of awareness and an amount of preparation commensurate with the hazards posed by the chemicals involved. When preparedness is combined with proper facilities, equipment, and training, schools labs can be safe places to learn through direct experimentation with all but the most dangerous of chemicals.\n\nWhether you’re building a new Lab or upgrading your existing one, you will find a remarkable selection of Casework, Workstations, Fume Hoods and related lab products at National Laboratory Sales.\n\n(Almost) Nothing is Truly ‘Natural’ – Part 4\n\nCezanne nothing is natural fruit and vegetables painting still life\nNothing on this table is natural – not even the fruits. The Basket of Apples by Cézanne\n\nCorn isn’t ‘natural’\n\nIn 2014, I created a series of infographics to help convey this message. Corn, for example, used to be a spindly grass-like plant called teosinte, which Native Americans farmed and bred through artificial selection until it resembled the yellow corn of today.\n\nIn 9000 years, sweetcorn has become 1000 times larger, 3.5 times sweeter, much easier to peel and much easier to grow than its wild ancestor. In the 15th century, when European settlers placed new selection pressures on the crop to suit their exotic taste buds, the corn evolved even further to become larger and multi-coloured. Corn no longer resembles the original teosinte plant at all.\n\nWatermelon isn’t ‘natural’\n\nWatermelon began as a hard, bitter fruit the size of a walnut. It caused inflammation and had an unpalatable bitter taste. Thousands of years of artificial selection (unintentional genetic engineering) have resulted in a modern watermelon that bears no resemblance to its African ancestor. Modern (artificial) watermelons are sweeter, juicier, more colourful and easier to grow than their ancestral varieties.\n\nPeaches aren’t natural, either\n\nPeaches used to be hard, cherry-sized fruits with giant pips. Like corn and watermelon, peaches became larger, sweeter and juicier over thousands of years of inadvertent genetic engineering.\n\nBananas, wheat, pigs and all farmed animals and plants are not natural\n\nBefore agriculture, carrots were white and spindly. Wheat was tall and scrawny with little calorific value. Apples were tiny and sour with giant pips (like crab-apples today). Strawberries were tiny, bananas had stones in them, and pigs were viscous creatures with tiny backsides that made for a not-so-delicious ham. Cows didn’t produce much milk (just enough for their own calves) and chickens were skinny little creatures that laid eggs weekly rather than daily. Every species that’s ever been farmed by humans has been genetically modified over time as a result.\n\nI keep making this point because our ancestors deserve credit for their hard work: they toiled in the fields for thousands of years to breed plants and animals that are suited to our modern tastes and lifestyles. For modern humans to call the results of our ancestors’ hard work ‘natural’ is an insult to the millions of ancient farmers who worked so hard to produce them.\n\nEngineers (including genetic engineers) know that humans have toiled for millennia to change nature and suit it to our own needs – animals became tamer and meatier, and plants started producing more edible portions. I want to counteract the misconception that humans encountered nature in a ‘pristine’ state.\n\nGreat documentary snippet – Animal Pharm\n\n[ancient humans] toiled in the fields for thousands of years to breed plants and animals that are suited to our modern tastes and lifestyles. For modern humans to call the results of their hard work ‘natural’ is an insult to our ancestors.\n\nI show the above documentary my Year 10 Science students to demonstrate what is currently being produced using genetic engineering techniques. The video explains all the concepts mentioned in this article and is accessible for and educated audience of any age.\n\nThis post is part 4 in a weekly series on chemophobia. Next week, we’ll look at the psychology behind chemophobia.\n\nOn the $$$ fuelling Chemophobia – Part 3\n\n\n\n\npeople believe these organic cookies taste better\n\n\n\n\nGaia makes these three misleading claims on all of its products\nGaia makes these three misleading claims on all of its products\n\n\n\n“Natural” products must be sold as they’re found in nature\n\n\n“Organic” only makes sense when applied to foods\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMany brands are making these misleading claims…\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9968103170394897}
+{"content": "Loading presentation...\n\nPresent Remotely\n\nSend the link below via email or IM\n\n\nPresent to your audience\n\nStart remote presentation\n\n  • Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present\n  • People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account\n  • This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation\n  • A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation\n  • Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article\n\nDo you really want to delete this prezi?\n\n\n\nRome: Interaction between humans and the environment\n\nNo description\n\nAntonio Lombardo\n\non 15 January 2016\n\nComments (0)\n\nPlease log in to add your comment.\n\nReport abuse\n\nTranscript of Rome: Interaction between humans and the environment\n\nRome: Interaction between humans and the environment\nDevelopment and Interaction of cultures\nGender Roles\n- Rome was a Patriarchal society like Greece, with males running the families. (\npater familias\n- Romen women fell to domestic affairs.\n- Although women were inferior to men, they played a big role in family affairs such as, bearing children and educating them.\nCreation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems\nThe Arts and Architecture\nRoman architecutre is called\nRomanesque Architecture\n. which was thick walls and small square buildings\nAn important achievement is the Colosseum (cerca 80 C.E.) ( it still stands today).\nThe Romans built with concrete..\nRomans built many roads and aqueducts that still stand today.\nScience and Technology\nScience reached new heights\nPtomely (cerca 90 C.E.- 168 C.E.) looked to the stars and greatly advanced astronomy.\nLabor Systems\nThe Romans relied on Slaves as a cheap labor force.\nSlaves were gathered through conquest.\nThere was a slave revolt led by a man named Spartacus (cerca 73 B.C.E.).\nThe Plebians were the main source of labor outside of the slaves.\nHan China (206 B.C.E-220 C.E)\nSocial and Economic Classes\n- New classes of merchants, landowners and contractors emerged and gained wealth.\n- Patricians were the high ruling class, while Plebeians were the lower class of Rome.\n- Social destinctions were primarily based on birth. However, as time went on, Plebeians could gain power while Patricians fell into poverty.\nGender Roles\n- Han China was a\n-They believed in the total respect for elders and ancestors, also known as, filial piety\n-Women were not allowed to be eductated.\n-Womens main role in society was to bear children and be submissive to men. However, there were a few women scholars such as, Ban Zhao who wrote Lessons for Women, this is similar to the Law Book of Manu.\nSocial and Economic Classes\n- Han China had a three tiered social structure with the emperor, aristocrats and bureaucrats on top, skilled laborers such as, farmers and iron workers in the middle and servants and slaves on the bottom.\n- In Han China there were very sharp social destinctions\nDevelopment and Transformation of Social Structures\nDevelopment and Transformations of Social Structures\nClassical Rome\n\nDevelopment and Interaction of Cultures\nScience and Technology\nThe Han invented\n( cerca 100 B.C.E),accutate sundials,calanders,the rudder( cerca 100 C.E.), and the compass (206 B.C.E).\nThe compass wouldn't be used until later dynasties.\nMany inventions are still used today.\nThe Arts and Architecture\nThe Han had an emphasis on funerary art.\nThe Han had thatched roofs, colums, and raftering for architectural structure.\nCreation, Expansion, and interaction of economic systems\nLabor systems\nThe Han had a slave system who were owned by the wealthy land owners.\nThey mostly relied on tenant farmers for argicultural ouput.\nAlso wage workers were used for labor during the Han dynasty.\nTrade and commerce\nRomans became known as outstanding\nroad builders\nwhich were able to allow two way traffic. The roads had milestones along them and they had an imperial postal system that permitted urgent travel and messages to proceed with remarkable speed. Their roads linked all parts of the Roman empire\nThe Romans established sea lanes that linked ports from Syria and Palestine to Spain and north Africa\nFor the Roman Empire, Greece gave olives and grapevines, Syria and Palestine produced and gave fruits, nuts, and wool fabrics, Gaul produced grain and copper, Spain gave olive oil, wine, horses, and some precious metals\nPolitical structures and forms of governance\nRome's official law code was the\nTwelve Tables of Rome\nfor citizens of the early republic\nRoman law helped to integrate the diverse lands that made up the empire and their principles of law helped to shape Mediterranean and European society long after the empire disappeared\nEmpires/Revolts and Revolutions\nIt took three Punic Wars for the Romans to finally destroy Carthrage and continue their expansion throughout the Mediterranean\nCivil war between the Senate and Caesar's followers would eventually lead to Caesar being crowned \"emperor for life\". But Caesar would get murdered by the angered senators who assassinated him in 44 B.C.E\nThe eventual emperor, emperor Nero started persecuting Christians and even killing some in open spectacles at the Colosseum and it took Emperor Constantine himself to stop the persecution with his\nEdict of Milan\nin 313 C.E\nPolitical structures and forms of governance\nLiu Bang,\nthe founder of the Han dynasty, divided the empire into administrative districts governed by officials who served at the emperor's pleasure\nLiu Bang and his successors followed a policy of centralization and entrusted political responsibilities to an administrative bureaucracy\nHan Wudi\n, an emperor who ruled from 141 to 87 B.C.E, eventually built an enormous bureaucracy to administer his empire and sent imperial officers to implement his policies and maintain order in administartive provinces and districts\nThe Arts and Architecture\nScience and Technology\nDevelopment and interaction of cultures\nCreation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems\nLabor systems\n(cerca 470 B.C.E.-348 B.C.E.),\n( cerca 428 B.C.E.-348 B.C.E.), and\n( cerca 383 B.C.E.-332 B.C.E.) ( who would go on to teach Alexander) all believed that the truth could be found from rational thought.\nMany of their observations were proven wrong, but they came up with the idea of\nrational thought.\nTheir idea of rational thought paved the way for many therioes of how the earth works.\nThe golden age of Pericles resulted in the creation of many dramas.\nIt was dominated by comedies and tragedies.\nHomer wrote many epic poems such as the Odyssey (cerca 720 B.C.E) and the Lliad (cerca 750 B.C.E) a few centuries before this golden age.\nThe people of Greece also created many sculptures.\nThere were impressive buildings such as the Acropolis (cerca 5th century B.C.E.) and the Parthenon (cerca 447-432 B.C.E.).\nThey had three styles of pillars Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.\nAncient Greece relied on slave labor.\nSlaves were captured people from conquered cities, children of slaves, or people sold into slavery.\nMuch of the population was slaves.\nTheir jobs ranged from field work to being a house servant.\nThe Arts and Architecture\nScience and Technology\nCreation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems\nLabor Systems\nMayans built large pyramids that had step like formations.\nMayans created many murals and decorated rooms with a variety of media.\nMost of their structures were built for their gods.\nMayans built most buildings out of limestone.\nThe Mayans seperataly developed the concept of zero. (cerca 4 C.E.)\nAn advanced knowledge of\nallowed them to predict solar elcipes and create a almost accurate calander.\nThe Mayans also developed very complex looms, but lacked metals and the wheel.\nThe Mayans used a hieroglyphic alphabet for writing.\nThe Mayans used slaves for labor.\nThe Mayans gathered slaves through conquest.\nThe slaves recieved no rights in society.\nDevelopment and Transformation of Social Structures\nGender Roles, Family and Kinship\n- Greece was also a patriarchal society, as was Rome.\n-Women fell under the authority of their fathers, husbands and/or sons.\n-Women often had to wear veils to discourage male attention.\n-Women could not own proprety. however, could own small business or become prietesses (highest rank in society for women.)\n-in Sparta, women were allowed to participate in athletic games.\nSocial and Economic Classes\n- Upper class: Athens\n-Middle class: Metics\n-Lower class: Freedmen\n- Were born into social classes.\n- Upper class took part in activities such as, goverment, philosopy, literature and war,\n- The middle class was involved primarily in trading and manufacturing jobs.\n- Lower class were once slaves and not granted many rights nor citizenship.\n- Slaves were used for labor sources and had to pay heavy amounts of money to earn their freedom. however they would still have no rights.\nDevelopment and Transformations of Social Structures\nGender Roles, Family and Kinship\n- The Gupta Empire was a patriarchal society like Rome, Greece and many other classical civilizations.\n- Women were being educated in the arts and were seen as important in literature.\n- There were female godesses that helped womens social status.\n- Womens status fell throughout time in the empire. However, there were exceptions, some women even participated in government.\n- Male members dominate family matters and structure.\nSocial and Economic Classes\n- Social structure was based on the Caste System, the system is assosiated with Hinduism.\n- \"Untouchables\" were the people below or outside of the caste system.\n- Untouchables were the lowest class, they had no rights, were not allowed to worship on temple or holy grounds.\n- If someone in any social class breaks any social norm, a punishment would be to make them an untouchable as well.\n- The Caste System dominated every day life in the Gupta Empire.\nBrahmin: priests\nkshatriya: nobles and warriors\nVaishya: farmers, traders, artisans\nShudra: servents\nIn Rome, the main religion was\nRoman Catholicism\n. However, prior to adapting to Catholicism, Romans used the idea of Greek mythology in there own way.\nThe Churches within the Empire soon had conflict and would separate later in 1054 C.E but it stemmed from their internal conflict that was around from 600 B.C.E-600 C.E, eventually causing a Eastern Orthodox Church and the Western Roman Catholic Church.\nIn Greece, many people believed in the idea of\n. In Mythology, there are many deities or gods that they believed in and believed that they helped perform daily activities. Some gods for example were Zeus(God of the sky) and Hades(God of the underworld)\n\nDevelopment and Transformation of Social Structures\nGender Roles, Family and Kinship\n- Women participated in economic and farming activities.\n- Women took a large part in religion.\n- Goddesses depicted womens status in religion. (ie, Moon Goddess.)\n- Elite males practiced\n- Most women had low educations.\n- Women helped in the textile industry which was a large industry in Mayan society.\nSocial and Economic Classes\n- Social classes were ridgidly divided into nobles, commoners, serfs and slaves.\n- Commoners mostly worked as farmers and laborers while nobles worked in goverment positions or tax collectors.\n- Slaves were normally sacrificed in spiritual rituals.\n- The commoners made all of the products that boosted their society through trade.\n- The economy was being ran by the middle class while elites supervised and benefited.\nDevelopment and Interaction of Cultures\nScience and Technology\nThe Arts and Architecture\nThe Gupta invented the numbers 1-9 and zero as a place holder . (cerca 232 B.C.E.-339 B.C.E.)\nThey also devised the decimal system.\nThe Gupta advanced in astronomy and developed the concepts of the lunar and solar eclipse.\nThe Gupta were also extremely advanced in medicine\nThe Gupta produced literature extensively.\nThey mainly developed narratives focused on human behavior.\nThey also developed many medical texts.\nCreation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems\nLabor Systems\nThe Gupta relied on the\nCaste System\nto get labor.\nUnlike most other nations which used slave labor.\nQin China (221-206 B.C.E)\nThe Arts and Architecture\nDevelopment and interaction of cultures\nScience and Technology\nThere was standardized copper coins being created (cerca 221-207 B.C.E).\nThe emperor standardized the writing system and the weighting system (cerca 221-207 B.C.E).\nThe writing was standard Qin.\nThe Qin built the first\nGreat Wall\n(cerca 221 B.C.E) along the northern border.\nAlso the terracotta warriors (cerca 210-209 B.C.E.) were created by the Qin.\nCreation,expansion,and interaction of economic systems\nLabor systems\nIn Qin China criminals were forced into labor.\nThey helped build many of their accomplishment.\nMauryan Empire\nDevelopment and interaction of cultures\nThe Arts and Architecture\nScience and Technology\nCreation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems\nLabor Systems\nThe Mauryan built the pillars of Ashoka (cerca 300 B.C.E).\nAlso they built the Sarnath column.\nThe Mauryans developed sliver coins (cerca 600-200 B.C.E), while a few were copper, that had various symbols punched on them.\nThe Mauryans relied on the\nCaste System\nto provide labor for their needs.\nPeople came from all surrounding countries and regions to migrate to Rome's new cities\nDue to the lack of medical technology and advancements, many people died due to diseaes which led to the population declince. This was one of the reasons for Romes initial decline\nInteraction Betwen Humans and the Enviroment\nGreece had diseases similar to Rome but none could contribute to the downfall of their empire and none were majorly significant\nDevelopment and Transformation of Social Structures\nGender Roles, Family and Kinship.\n- Women stayed home to raise children and complete household chores.\n- Women had nearly no rights.\n-Women were to obey men and were under authority of males.\n- The eldest man would be the one most respected in a family.\n\n- Social Classes: royal family, scholars, wealthy landowners, farmers, merchants, peasants, slaves.\n- Peasants and slaves worked for higher class men and on farms, they had little to no rights or freedom.\n- The royal family normally married within he family to keep power.\nSocial and Economic Classes\nDevelopment and Transformation of Social Structures\nGender Roles, Family and kindship.\n\n- Women were allowed to have public jobs and women that were married could own land.\n- Women handled domestic affairs and could have jobs such as temple dancers and textile workers.\n- Widows had a large status in society.\n\nSocial and Economic Classes\n- The Mauryan Empire used the\nCaste System\nto manage their society.\n\nByzantine Empire\nIn Greece, people praised the many gods they believed in. This belief was\n, The belief in many gods. They made sacrifices and prayers to these gods to help them throughout their life\nMany waves of migation from people such as Lonians, Achaeans, and Dorians created the language used in Greece. Although these migrations took place prior, they set the foundation for language and culture\nThe people of the Mayan empire believed in natural spirits as their gods or rather dieties. They made\nhuman sacrifices\nto honor the dieties and to please them. They believed in a higher power for everything on earth and everything for them.\nBy: Dylan Burgio, Tara Mueller, Antonio Lombardo, Jaeden Hufnagle\nDevelopment and Interaction of Cultures\nScience and technology\nByzantine rulers created a weapon known as Greek fire.\nArts and architecture\nThe Byzantine empire used Roman architecture.\nAlso they used Roman art style.\nThey built the\nHagia Sophia\n(cerca 537 C.E.) which is a large doomed church that became known as the best church ever built, however it was eventually turned into a mosque by the Ottomans\nLabor Systems\nCreation, expansion,interaction of economic systems\nLike its western part the Byzantine empire relied on a system of slavery to support its self.\nRoman Empire\nGreek Empire\nStrong centralized government\nRome's government was a republic\nBoth were in the Mediterranean basin\nBoth produced large amounts of olive oil\nBoth had coins\nBoth used slave labor\nThe father was in charge of the family\nLater Rome was ruled by an emperor\nRome later conquered Greece\nThe Roman's spoke Latin, and wrote in Latin script\nThe combination of the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire lasted from 509 B.C.E.-1453 C.E.\nPracticed Greek Mythology\nFirst they had Roman Mythology, and later Christianity\nThe Greek Empire lasted from 800 B.C.E.- 146 B.C.E.\nGreece wasn't as centralized as Rome.\nAthens had a democracy, later Greece was ruled by a king ( Alexander the Great)\nThe Greeks were mostly city-states\nInstead of planting crops for immediate local use, owners of\nor large landed estates concentrated on production for export\nBecause it was possible to import grain at favorable prices from lands that routinely produced large surpluses, other regions could concentrate on the cultivation of fruits and vegetables or on the production of manufactured items\nPolitical Structures and Forms of Governance\nEach city-state levied taxes on their hinterlands (uncharted areas) and took a portion of the agricultural surplus to support the urban population\nState-Building, Expansion, and Conflict\nIn Athens, Common classes were given representation in Athenian government since the doors of the council were opened to any male citizen wealthy enough to devote time to public affairs. So it was if you were a male landowner, then you could participate in the new form of government called\nSpartans always faced the threat of rebellion from the helots who outnumbered the Spartan citizens by ten to one, so they devoted most of their resources to maintaining a powerful and disciplined military\nAfter taking over, Alexander of Macedon, A.K.A\nAlexander the Great\n(356 B.C.E-323 B.C.E) built an empire stretching from India to Egypt and Greece\nPersian Wars\n(500-479 B.C.E) began when the Greek cities revolted against the Persian's grip on Anatolia. The greeks ended up expelling the Achaemenid administrators but were repelled by Darius by 493 B.C.E (Ionian Rebellion)\nPeloponnesian War\n(431-404 B.C.E), was a bitter and destructive civil conflict between Athens and Sparta. Until by 404 B.C.E, The Spartans and their allies forced the Athenians to unconditional surrender\nAgriculture and Pastoral Production\nThe Greek colonies along the Black Sea offered mechants access to rich supplies of\ngrain, fish, furs, timber, honey, wax, gold, and amber\nTrade and Commerce\nGreek merchants traded olive oil and wine around the Mediterranenan, returning with abundant supplies of grain and other items as well\nThe Greeks profitably concentrated their efforts on the production and creation of\nolive oil and wine\nFor the Greek's olive oil and wine, Grain came from Egypt, Sicily and southern Russia, salted fish from Spain and Black Sea lands, timber and pitch from Macedon, tin from Anatolia, and slaves from Egypt and Russia\nPolitical Structures and Forms of Governance\n-Decline in public health and urban decay.\n-Political corruption.\n-Increase in unemployment and inflation.\n-Increase in military spending.\n-Well organized bureaucracy.\n- Only the wealthy were educated.\n- Emphasis on Family (Patriarachical )\n- Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism.\n-Decline: Bad distribution of land, tax fell on peasants, conflict among elites, generals divided it up into three provinces, peasant rebellions ( Yellow Turban Rebellion).\n- More middle class citizens\nwere allowed to be educated.\n- Emphasis on family (pater familias).\n- Christianity, Mythology.\n-Decline: Difficulties in ruling the vast empire, couldn't keep the empire united, capital was moved to Constantinople, Germatic invasions (Vandals, Ostrogoths, Visigoths).\n\nDevelopment and Transformation of Social Structures.\nGender Roles, Family and Kinship\n- Women stayed at home and did domestic chores.\n- Women had to be accompanied when they left the house.\n- Women played a small role in professions and were rarely educated.\n- Married women were granted the right of inheritance.\n- Men dominated soical and family life.\nSocial and Economic Classes\nUpper class: aristocrats, military officials, state functionaries and wealthy landowners.\nMiddle class: merchants, traders, and small landowners.\nLower class: low wage earners and people in poverty.\nThey also believed in the\nPopol Vuh\ncreation myth that taught that the gods created them out of maize and water.\nDuring the decline of the Mayan empire, most Maya populations had begun to desert their cities and migrated throughout other parts of Mesoamerica\nSimilar to many early societies, the Mayan empire didnt pocess the technological advancements to cure diseases and prevent population decrease.\nInteraction Between Humans and the Enviroment\nInteraction Between Humans and The Enviroment\nUnlike their counterparts, the Gupta Empire had many technological advances in medicine and that enabled them to further themselves in the aspect of technology above others. Many advances were shown in the medical text books found from the Gupta empire.\nMany outsiders migrated into the Gupta Empire and caused their downfall. One of them were the\nWhite Huns\nwho came from the Hindu Kush mountains into India. They helped cause the decline of the Gupta and migrated their way into the empire\nMayan kingdoms fought constantly with each other and victors destroyed the peoples they defeated and took over their ceremonial centers, but it was all about capturing enemies since warriors won tremendous prestige when they brought back important captives from the neighboring kingdoms\nAgriculture and Pastoral Production\nThe Maya built terraces designed to trap silt carried by numerous rivers passing through the low lands, which enhanced the agricultutral potential of the region and dramatically increased their agricultural productivity because of it\nThey harvested maize in abundnace, cultivated cotton, and raised Cacao beans\nNetworks of long-distance trade linked the new urban centers and extended their influence to all parts of Mesoamerica\nMayan textiles were highly prized by their trading partners\nState-Building, Expansion, and Conflict\nThe Greeks spoke Greek and wrote in it.\nThe women in Sparta had more freedom\nwas the most important Maya political center from the fourth century C.E to past 600 C.E\nThey organized themslves politically into scores of\nsmall-city kingdoms\nThe mayans had a monarchy since they were ruled by a king\nTemple of the Giant Jaguar\n, a stepped pyramid rising to about 154 feet represented Tikal's control over the surrounding region\nThe Mayans\nbloodletting (human sacrifice) rituals\ncentered on their war captives, since they were used for it\nThe Mayans traded mostly in exotic and luxury goods such as rare animal skins, cacao beans, and finely crafted works of art\nPolitical Structures and Forms of Governance\nThe Guptas left local government and administration along with the making of basic policy, to the hands of their allies in the various regions of their empire\nThe empire split in the late 500 C.E with the threat of nomadic invaders and it split easily along the fault lines of the administrative regions\nThe Gupta empire was smaller than the Mauryan in size and it differed considerably in orgnization\nThe invasion of the\nWhite Huns\nbrought about the end of the Gupta empire although the Guptas were able to repel them for the first half of the fifth century C.E, but the defense cost them majorly in resources and also majorly weakened their state\nTrade and Commerce\nLong distance trade passed overland through either the\nHindu Kush mountains\nor crossed to Persia along roads such as the\nPersian Royal Road\nand to the Mediterranean basin and across the\nSilk Roads\nof central Asia to markets in China\nCotton, aromatics, black pepper, pearls, and gems\nwere the principal exports and they exchanged them for the importation of\nhorses and bullion\nfrom western lands and silk from China\nAgricultural surpluses supported the large-scale states such as the Gupta empire\nTowns within the Gupta empire provided local goods for local consumption which were\npots, textiles, iron tools, and other metal utensils\nRoads built by Ahsoka helped to facilitate overland commerce within the subcontinent\nHan Wudi invaded Vietnam and Korea, and subjected them to Han rule\nThe Han empire faced its greatest threat from the\nwho were a nomadic peoples from the steppes of central Asia. They were superb horesman and were extremely mobile\nHan Wudi invaded central Asia with vast armies and brought much of the Xiongnu empire under Chinese military control\nChinese entrepreneurs discovered how to make cast iron by the fourth century B.C.E which allowed for the creation of iron weapons and armor that significantly helped the empire and the military\nHan Wudi built roads and canals to facilitate trade and communication between China's regions\nThe manufacture of silk thrived after the establishment of long-distance trade relations with western lands in the second century B.C.E\nCommerce in silk and other products led to the establishment to a vast network of trade routes known as the\nSilk Roads\nBy 190 C.E, generals ruled the regions controlled by their armies\nBefore 100 C.E, Chinese craftsmen began to fashion\nhemp, bark, and textile fibers\ninto sheets of paper, which was less expensive than silk and easier to write on than bamboo\nThe manufacture of silk, also known as\n, by the Chinese became a prized commodity in Han society and in India, Persia, Mesopotamia, and even the distant Roman empire\nPolitical Structures and Forms of Governance\nChandragupta Maurya\nbrought a centralized and unified government to most of the Indian subcontinent\n, a manual offering detailed instructions on the uses of power and the principles of government also outlined methods of administering the empire, overseeing trade and agriculture, collecting taxes, maintaining order, conducting foreign relations, and waging war\n, arguably the best ruler, ruled through a tightly centralized bureaucracy and made sure his local subordinates implemented his policies\nChandragupta began his reign by seizing small, remote regions of Magadha. Then, he conquered the Greek state in Bactria\nIn 260 B.C.E, Ahsoka conquered Kalinga and brought it under Mauryan control in a bloody battle\nAfter Ahsoka's death in 232 B.C.E, the empire depended on a strong army and a large corps of officials to administer imperial policy but it didn't work and led to their downfall\nTrade and Agriculture\nAlthough agriculture is not really mentioned with the Mauryan empire, merchants travelled on both land and sea routes to transport their goods\nOnce mariners recognized\nMonsoon wind\nrhythms, they could sail easily and safely to any part of the Indian Ocean basin\nAs early as 500 B.C.E, merchants traveled to the islands of Indonesia and the southeast Asian mainland, where they exchanged\npearls, cotton, black pepper, and Indian manufactured goods for spices and exotic local products\nPolitical structure and forms of governance\nThe patriarchs of Constantinople were powerful officials, and along with bishops and priests, they delivered sermons that supported imperial policy and encouraged obedience to imperial authorities\nJustinian's code, was used by emperor Justinian (Who reigned from 527-565 C.E) to rule his kingdom since it was a codification of Roman law\nConstantine initiated the policy of\n, which made the emperor not only rule as secular lords, but also as having an active and prominent role in ecclesiastical affairs\nThey reorganized themselves after Muslim conquests uner the\ntheme system\n, which placed an imperial province under the authority of a general, who assumed responsibility for both its military defense and its civil administration. Emperors closely monitered their activities to prevent decentralization of powered authority\nBetween 533 and 565 C.E, Byzantine forces gained control over Italy,SIcily, much of northwestern Africa, and southern Spain\nThe empire was threatened by the\nfrom the east, and\npeoples from the north\nAgricultural surpluses supprted manufacturing in Byzantium's cities\nByzantine crafts workers had a reputation for their\nglassware, linen and woolen textiles, gems,jewelery, and fine work in gold and silver\nCrafts workers would eventually add silk textiles to the list of products manufactured in the Byzantine empire in the sixth century C.E\nFor the empire, there was routes going east and west as well as north and south with\n, which was the capital of the empire,being the main clearing house for trade in the western part of Eurasia\nMerchants maintained commercial links with manufacturers and merchants in central Asia, Russia, Scandinavia, northern Europe, and the lands of the black sea and the Mediterranean basin\nSilk and Porcelain came from China, spices came from India and southeast Asia, carpets came from Persia and woolen textiles from western Europe, and timbers, furs, honey, amber, and slaves came from Russia and Scandinavia\nPolitical Structures and Forms of Governance\nThey established a tradition of centralized imperial rule that provided large scale political organization\nQin Shiguandi\n(reigned from 221-210 B.C.E) was the first emperor of the Qin dynasty, and he divided the remainder of China into administrative provinces and districts, and he entrusted the communication and implementation of his policies to officers of the central government\nQin rulers attacked one state after another, absorbing each new conquest into their centralized structure, until finally they had brought China for the first time under the sway of a single state\nQin Shiguandi disarmed regional military forces and destroyed fortresses that might serve as points of rebellion or resistance\nQin Shiguandi also drafted laborers to build defensive walls in an effort to discourage raids by nomadic peoples. It helped ensure them a peaceful and stable society and became known as the first great wall\nThe Qin rulers traded with the\n, who were pastoral nomads\nBoth were settled in India and had tight centralized bureaucracies\nWas smaller in size and differed in organization\nWas larger and did last longer\nWas smarter in Science and Mathematics\nRuled almost all of India and was much more vast than the Gupta\nGupta ruled much less area than the Mauryan did\npreffered non-hindu religions or Buddhism\nFollowers of Hinduism\nActively entered into foreign trade\nMore interested in internal trade\nTax system was stringent (strict, precise, and exacting)\nFavored a more liberal tax system\nOverall, the theme of this time period is\n600 B.C.E-600 C.E\nState-building, Expansion, and Conflict\nState-Building, Expansion, and Conflict\nState-Building, Expansion, and Conflict\nInteraction Between Humans and the Environment\nState-Building, Expansion, and Conflict\nInteraction Between Humans and the Environment\nReligions and Belief Systems\nState-Building, Expansion, and Conflict\nInteraction Between Humans and the Environment\nInteraction Between Humans and the Environment\nReligions or Belief Systems\nMigration and Invasion\nState-Buiding, Expansion, and Conflict\nDuring Han China's rule, the new disease\ncaused many deaths and causalties. This disease eventually was one of the declining factors of the Han Empire. With more people Dying from this disease, less people were able to defend their boarders, inviting more invaders, causing conflict\nSouthward Expansion took place after the Qin dynasty and was followed up by the Han dynasty. Due to Military expansion the Han would take over surrounding territories and spread their influence espacially culturally.\nSiddhauth Gautama founded Buddhism\n-Rejected wealth\n-The buddha=enlightened one\nFour Noble Truths\n1. All life is Suffering\n2. Suffering is caused by desire\n3. One can be freed of desire\n4. One is freed of desire by following eightfold path\nMany diseases made India hard to unify and control due to constant population dereases, then increases. They had many advancements in technology that helped them from the threat of diseases, however just like other empires, disease was a factor in its decline\nEightFold Path\nRight views, right aspirations, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right endeavor, right mindfulness, right meditation\n(800 B.C.E-146 B.C.E)\nClassical Greece\nGupta Empire\n(320 C.E-550 C.E)\nEventually, they were overthrown and destroyed by the\nWhite Huns\n, a nomadic group that was part of the Mongols and were extremely powerful and dangerous, who also terrorized Han China\nIn 300 BCE, the Mauryan empire expanded into the Deccan Plateau and also spread Buddhism.\n-Developed specifaclly for the chinese\n-Severed as a political advisor which had a influence on china.\n-Analects= book of teachings\n-NOT a religion\n5 Key Relationships\n-Ruler and Subject\n- Parent and Child\n-Husband and Wife\n-Older brother and Younger Brother\n-Friend to Friend\nNomadic people would migrate into Qin China and take down Chinas empire. Qin Shing Huang wanted to keep out the invaders so he contruscted the Great Wall of China.\n-Maintained Peace and Order.\n-Centralized, tightly governed state\n-Didn't trust Human Nature which advocated the need for tough laws\n-Worthy professions= Farming and Military\n-Qin used Legalism to unify china.\n-Jesus of Nazareth=Son of God\n-New and Old testament in the Bible\n-30 CE is when Jesus was crucified\n-Saved believers from personal sins\n-Christians would travel and preach the word of God to show love for him\n-Christ equals link to men and God\n-Christianity was rejected by many because of it being a new religion coming into their empire.\nwas the cross road of civilization. This city tied together Afrcia, Europe, and Asia. All Civilizations migrated together and interacted and traded in Constantinople.\nDisease in the Byzantine wasn't as significant in their empire however it effected their western counterpart, Rome and led to thier downfall\n-Promised salvation to devout individuals.\n-Benefited from the decline of buddhism\n-Grown from devotional cults\n-Vishnu and Shiva= 2 most important dieties\n-Many minor dieties\n-Followers believed in Salvation from devotion\n-Monestic= Many dieties however they believed in supreme diety of Vishnu and Shiva.\nDevelopment and Interaction between Cultures\n(330-1453 C.E)\nFull transcript", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9938750863075256}
+{"content": "Quotation Explorer - 'Sense'\n\nNever make permanent eternal decisions based on sense knowledge. - Kingsley Opuwari Manuel\nListen to that little voice inside you. Sometimes it can whisper meaningful words of wisdom and make more sense than the deafening noise of opinions and judgements outside. - Roopleen\nA handful of common sense is worth a bushel of learning.\nOne would think that if you're anonymous, you'd do anything you want, but groups have their own sense of community and what we can do. - John Allen\nHistory is only ever invisible when it abets your sense of self, your desires, your ambitions, when it carries your life along in a kind of frictionless way. - Garth Greenwell\nHorse sense is the thing a horse has which keeps it from betting on people. - W.C. Fields\nThe mere sense of living is joy enough. - Emily Dickinson\n...you do yourself no favour if you let your sense of doubt-mistrust-scepticism to rise up within you to the point where you must look every gift horse in the mouth... - Isabella koldras\nWe do not posses imagination enough to sense what we are missing. - Jean Toomer\nThe biggest shortage of all is the shortage of common sense.\nI think the sense of family and family achievement, plus the discipline which I received there from that one-room school were really very helpful in what I did later on. - Alan Shepard\nIf you want a sense of purpose for experiencing pressures, use your knowledge of Jesus Christ's comforting, enlivening, energizing presence to be a comfort to others. - William P. Barker\nIf we take reason strictly, the perceiving of spiritual beauty and excellence no more belongs to reason than it belongs to the sense of feeling to perceive colors or to the power of seeing to perceive the sweetness of food. - Jonathan Edwards\nBeing Irish, he had an abiding sense of tragedy, which sustained him through temporary periods of joy. - W.B. Yeats\nOdi et amo. Quare id faciam, fortasse requiris. Nescio. des fieri sentio et excrucior.I hate and I love. You may ask, why I do this. I do not know. But I sense that I do and it pains me. - Catullus\nIf you have to explain your sense of humor, then you are performing for the wrong crowd. - Shannon L. Alder\nNurturing a child’s sense of personal worth and therefore hope and dreams for a wonderful future is perhaps the most important responsibility of every grownup in a child’s life. - Wess Stafford\nThe true New Yorker secretly believes that people living anywhere else have to be, in some sense, kidding. - John Updike\nWhen you journey inwardly exploring yourself, a sense of personal trust begins. - David W. Earle\nYour desire to make art -- beautiful or meaningful or emotive art -- is integral to your sense of who you are. - David Bayles and Ted Orland\nI'm square. My sense of right and wrong makes it very difficult for me to have an affair. I have to be really in love in order to sleep with a man and when I'm really in love I want to be married. - Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor\nForgive me my nonsense as I also forgive the nonsense of those who think they talk sense. - Robert Frost\nFrom the landscape: a sense of scale. From the dead: a sense of scale. - Richard Siken\nLearning to let go of anyone that does not add to your progress is affirming your inner sense of purpose. Just Keep moving! - Chinonye J. Chidolue\nI loved Monty Python for the wordplay--this sense that you didn’t have to squash your intelligence to be funny. In fact, you could walk right into your intelligence and nerdiness and self-doubt, and that could be funny. - George Saunders\nTo make sense of it - that's the challenge. To bear witness to the death, without being broken by the weight of it. - M. L. Stedman - The Light Between Oceans\nLife is full of disparate details arbitrarily joined together by dreams, pain and yearning. I do not long for sense, but I call for emotion and imagination amidst this chaos. - Juhani Peltonen\nPresumption means nothing more than as stated by Lord Mansfield, the weighing of probabilities, and deciding, by the powers of common sense, on which side the truth is. - Sir William Draper\nI define joy as a sustained sense of well-being and internal peace - a connection to what matters. - Oprah Winfrey\nThe pug is living proof that God has a sense of humor. - Margo Kaufman\nSometimes the only sense we can make out of life is a sense of humor.\nIf there really is a definable 6th sense, it would be the natural connection and the ability of communication between man and animal - Justin Southwick\nHave good sense, smell the scents, and you will have more cents - Sonya Withrow\nThe philosophy of one century is the common sense of the next. - Henry Ward Beecher\nMy life isn’t theories and formulae. It’s part instinct, part common sense. Logic is as good a word as any, and I’ve absorbed what logic I have from everything and everyone… from my mother, from training as a ballet dancer, from Vogue magazine, from the laws of life and health and nature. - Audrey Hepburn\nNon sense discussions, have you ever thought that most discussions which you have are useless, pointess?? It's true and that's why I never go out. - Deyth Banger\nMusic seems to hold everything together. It seems to make things not so chaotic sometimes. It seems to make things make more sense sometimes. - Tyler Joseph\nA lot of (children's literature) beginners get bogged down by morals. A moral should never be driving the story. And a moral should never be confused with a plot. You can't preach to kids, and you can't talk down to them, either. It's amazing how they sense condescension. - Patty Smith\nThe very thought of such people’s intolerant worldview, their inflated sense of self superiority, and their callous imposition of their own beliefs on others was enough to fill her with rage. - Haruki Murakami\nNo Ghost of any common sense begins a conversation - Lewis Carroll\nThe apparently bottomless gulf between what we say we want and why we do want, between what we officially admire and secretly desire, between, in the largest sense, the people we marry and the people we love. - Joan Didion\nLife doesn't make any sense, and we all pretend it does. Comedy's job is to point out that it doesn't make sense, and that it doesn't make much difference anyway. - Eric Idle\nWe have come to a point in time where using common sense, speaking factual truths and asking honest questions have been deemed radical behavior. While in turn, manipulation, thoughtlessness and dishonesty is often rewarded and rules the day. - Gary Hopkins\nI believe that justice is instinct and innate, the moral sense is as much a part of our constitution as the threat of feeling, seeing and hearing. - Thomas Jefferson\nJust as my body had changed at puberty, now I was developing a sense of guilt, a sense not only of how I appeared to others, but of how I appeared to myself, especially in violating self-imposed prohibitions. - Hanif Kureishi\nThey are the efforts of someone who, overarced by stars that are human handiwork, and who, shelterless in this till now undreamt of sense and thus most uncannily in the open, goes with his very being into language, reality-wounded and reality-seeking. - Paul Celan\nThe history of science is the saga of nature defying common sense. - Kedar Joshi\nWhen love feels like magic, you call it destiny. When destiny has a sense of humor, you call it serendipity. - Serendipity Trailer\nAmerica is a post-Christian nation only in the sense that we have built a tenement on the foundation of a palace. - Ron Brackin\nI had to learn to live without you and I couldn't make sense of it, because I left so much of me inside of you. - Robert M. Drake\nThe fact that people are in positions does not justify the means that they are leaders. A leader can be blind and to know this, check his sense of vision. - Israelmore Ayivor\nToo many writers are trying to write with too shallow an education. Whether they go to college or not is immaterial...a good writer needs a sense of the history of literature to be successful as a writer. - James Kisner\nGeorge III was incapable of passing on a sense of mission to his son might a given some purpose to the crown prince's existence - Henrik Bering\nI can sense your love,why leave me in darkness?Beguile me for your amusement,stealing my soul without kisses. You are the sun and I, the moon. Your beauty is reflected in my eyes.When we are apart, I am extinguishedin the blackness of these skies. - Kamand Kojouri\nHave an intrinsic sense of direction of life. Have a goal-oriented conviction and trust. - Debasish Mridha\nThere is nothing more uncommon than common sense. - Frank Lloyd Wright\nSense isn’t democratic. A senseless opinion that’s advocated by 'the majority' is still senseless. - Mokokoma Mokhonoana\nNo sense in settling for mediocre minions - A. Dalcourt\nThe past is no good if you can't learn from it; therefore, no sense in dwelling on it. - Arians Karlovičs\nMaybe she would have done more good as a playwright than as a doctor, after all clichés were like plaque in the arteries of the imagination, they clogged the sense of what was possible. Maybe if enough people had worked to demolish clichés, the world wouldn't have ended. - Charlie Jane Anders\nPresident is a curious term for the American head of state, because \"presiding\" in any meaningful sense is the one thing the president of the United States does not do. - Garrett Epps\nThe purest form of faith happens when you reach the bottom of your reasoning and find there is nothing that you can do that will make sense out of what you have been through. - Shannon L. Alder\nGood health and good sense are two of life's greatest blessings. - Publilius Syrus\nKnowledge without know-how is sterile. We use the word \"academic\" in a pejorative sense to identify this limitation.\nFor the writer, the serial killer is, abstractly, an analogue of the imagination's caprices and amorality; the sense that, no matter the dictates and even the wishes of the conscious social self, the life or will or purpose of the imagination is incomprehensible, unpredictable. - Joyce Carol Oates\nReal hope is a real sense of knowing that your best days are yet to come, so dream on. What you can conceive is what you can achieve. - DeWayne Owens\nCommon sense tells us that the things of the earth exist only a little, and that true reality is only in dreams. - Charles Baudelaire\nAcceptance is the sense of belonging. - M.F. Moonzajer\nLife must be lived forward but only makes sense by looking backward. Only in retrospect do the pieces of the puzzle connect, revealing an intelligently orchestrated evolution. Our journey through life is in a way like walking blindfolded. - Dorit Brauer\nWe must return to optimism in our parenting. To focus on the joys, not the hassles; the love, not the disappointments; the common sense, not the complexities. - Fred G. Gosman\nThe only sense that is common in the long run, is the sense of change-and we all instinctively avoid it. - E. B. White\nA lot of the things we've done have been common sense. You do what makes sense to you and make moves that you are comfortable making. Everything is having fun in mind. - Jeffrey Kalmikoff\nThe attempt to develop a sense of humor and to see things in a humorous light is some kind of a trick learned while mastering the art of living. - Viktor E. Frankl\nTo think what is true, to sense what is beautiful and to want what is good, hereby the spirit finds purpose of a life in reason. - Johann Gottfried Herder\nTo speak of mystery in a Christian sense means that the human mind is finite and not fully able to understand, deduce or even contain the deep structures of God's reality. - Tobin Wilson\nTo love is the never ending purpose of life. To care is our endless sense if duty.To be kind to everyone is a divine beauty. - Debasish Mridha\nMy gramps is a lot like you. No sense of adventure. All he does is sit in his urn... - Cleo Peitsche\nEgo is the most important aspect of our life in the sense if we use it against the spaces between our hearts. - Mohsin Ali Shaukat\nIf you are truly in love with this world and your life, then you will lose the sense of angst. - Debasish Mridha\nA great photograph is one that fully expresses what one feels, in the deepest sense, about what is being photographed. - Ansel Adams\nThat didn't surprise me; any man with a grain of sense knows that marriage is the only way, these days, to acquire a full-time maid who works twenty-five hours a day. with no time off and no pay except room and board. - Elizabeth Peters\nBut, said Alice, if the world has absolutely no sense, who's stopping us from inventing one? - Lewis Carroll\nString theory makes sense to me because the universe is a symphony that creates harmony with the vibration of our strings. - Kamand Kojouri\nGreat champions have an enormous sense of pride. The people who excel are those who are driven to show the world and prove to themselves just how good they are.\nWriting is making sense of life. You work your whole life and perhaps you've made sense of one small area. - Nadine Gordimer\nHumbleness, modest and down to earth that recognize the real power and true sense of values towards the achievement of good life and enduring everlasting qualities. - Chris Salamone\nScience is good furniture for one's upper chamber, if there is common sense below. - Oliver Wendell Holmes\nAnyone without a sense of humor is at the mercy of everyone else. - William Rotsler\nInsanity is just what we call stupidity when it doesn't make sense. - Josh Lieb\nEverybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their common sense. - Gertrude Stein\nThe old who refuse to die merely on principle live on forever, to hate life and complain of all the things they could have been spared had they the good sense to die young. - Michelle Franklin\nWe can always lace a sense of humor around anything. - C. JoyBell C.\nEveryone is unique in every essence. Love binds us together in every sense. - Debasish Mridha\nWisdom is the ability to take two opposite facts and make sense from both of the them - Luthando Daniels\nYou can't take credit for your talents, but it matters that you use them. You can't really be blamed for your weaknesses, but it matters that you correct them. So pride and shame don't make a lot of sense, in the final analysis, but they weren't much fun anyway. - Sam Harris\nAim for what u want and the year will all make a sense. - Cecelia Ahern\nI write to make sense of my life.\"-, quoted in _Cheever - A Life_ (2009) by Blake Bailey - John Cheever\nNothing makes your sense of humor disappear faster than having somebody ask you where it is.\nThe Bible states in Psalms 139:14 that you are fearfully and wonderfully made and that you are a wonderful work of art. That makes you uniquely special. It only makes sense for you to just be the special you that you were created to be period. - DeWayne Owens\nBeneath the uniformity that unites us in communication there is a chaotic personal diversity of connections, and, for each of us, the connections continue to evolve. No two of us learn our language alike, nor, in a sense, does any finish learning it while he lives. - Willard Van Orman Quine\nIt may not make sense to you, now, but when you get older you'll understand that sometimes things have to be done. Hard things. But everyone will hate the person who finally does them. But if they do them anyway, that's the mark of true honor. - Rhiannon Held Silver\nChose la plus simple: apprendre une langue mais elle n'est d'aucune utilité si le sens n'y est pas. Easiest thing: to learn a language but it is useless without a sense. أسهل شيء : تعلم اللغة...لكن ما في نافع بدون معنى - Anonymous\nIn the truest sense, freedom cannot be bestowed; it must be achieved. - Franklin D. Roosevelt\nPhilanthropic people lose all sense of Humanity, it is their distinguishing characteristic. - Oscar Wilde\nI sense the joy of young and old,I hear wondrous tales told,Beauty surrounds me as I gaze above,But I am alone for I live without love. - Anonymous\nOne doesn't have a sense of humor. It has you. - Larry Gelbart\nGood is equal to Order While,Evil is equal to FreedomDoes it make sense to you? It does for me. - James Eugeñio\nSynchronicity - the sense of significance beyond chance - Elisabeth Y. Fitzhugh\nAren't we all waiting to be read by someone, praying that they'll tell us that we make sense? - Rudy Francisco\nMy writing, it’s my way of making sense of everything. My way to feel whole. May I never be complete and may I never feel content please, let me always have the need, always have the urge to write. - Charlotte Eriksson\nI make more sense because I make no sense. - Zarafshan Khan\nWe can never know the impact a simple smile has on another. Smiling is one of the easiest things we can do. Is there a simpler, more effortless way to give everyone you meet a moment of joy, even a sense of worth? - Steve Goodier\nWhen things get too complicated, it sometimes makes sense to stop and wonder: Have I asked the right question? - Enrico Bombieri\nModern man's loss of a sense of being sinful doesn't spring from a feeling that he is inherently good. Rather, it springs from his feeling of being inherently ineffectual. - Brendan Francis\nRetaining our capacity for reasonis common sense, but definite conclusions and beliefs keep us from seeing life as it really is at any given moment. - H.E. Davey\nJohnson had a sense of humor, and he could kid with me, he would say. Johnson didn’t enjoy talking with most liberals. He didn’t think they had a sense of humor. - Hubert H. Humphrey\nAnd we mustn't lose our sense of humor,\" Mrs. Which said. \"The only way to cope with something deadly serious is to try to treat it a little lightly. - Madeleine L'Engle\nIt is only when you lose your wings, you really learn to fly. Its when the sense of loss, becomes the driving force. - Mamur Mustapha\nAbstract means literally to draw from or separate. In this sense every artist is abstract. - Richard Diebenkorn\nThe difference between fiction and reality? Fiction has to make sense. - Tom Clancy\nSome minds, at some point, discover that they can not make sense of their own predications without attention to grammar, although they do not ordinarily think of what they are doing as an exercise in grammar. - Richard Mitchell\nArt is a sense of magic. - Stan Brakhage\nIt will soon make sense with some reasonable research and reading...ti's all in there, somewhere... find it!! - Patrick Maunda Steven\nReligion is the sense of comprehension of the totality of existence. - Jiddu Krishnamurti\nI want to understand the strings that are tied between me and certain other people and if they really can stretch through infinite time and space without ever breaking. Are soul mates real, and is my life ever going to make sense? - Jennifer Elisabeth\nHistory, writing, infect after a time a man's sense of himself... - A.S. Byatt\nThe imagination of creative thought can be a crazy place,this giving reason to write it down to try and make sense of it all. - Helen Ingram\nConvençuts que llibertat sense Socialisme és privilegi i injustícia i que Socialisme sense llibertat és esclavitud i brutalitat. - Bakunin Mikhail Aleksandrovich\nI Don't use common sense i use senses that's way more significant than common !! - jojo1980\nHe's a complete and total psychopath. I don't mean that in the criminal sense, of course, but in a professional sense. People like that will do anything to hold on to their jobs.\nWolves, and stars, and snow: Those things made sense. - Katherine Rundell\nWe must respect the other fellow's religion, but only in the sense and to the extent that we respect his theory that his wife is beautiful and his children smart. - H. L. Mencken\nInventions are not solely the making of material things, inventions are also the mental unleashing of ideas by a genuis with a sixth sense. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nFaith gives you an inner strength and a sense of balance and perspective in life. - Gregory Peck\nI think of life as a good book. The further you get into it, the more it begins to make sense. - Harold S. Kushner\nThose who have a strong sense of love and belonging have the courage to be imperfect. - Brené Brown\nHer suspicion brings me a small sense of gratification. She thinks I'm lying about something. Now we're even.Lake - Colleen Hoover\nTo the corruptions of Christianity I am, indeed opposed; but not to the genuine precepts of Jesus himself. I am a Christian, in the only sense in which he wished any one to be; sincerely attached to his doctrines, in preference to all others. - Thomas Jefferson\nThe problem with our sense of justice is we always seemed to be kind to beautiful and attractive criminals. - M.F. Moonzajer\nA sense of freedom is something that, happily, comes with age and life experience. - Diane Keaton\nThose who indulge themselves in sense stimulation throughout their lives often end up exhausted, with an enfeebled will and little capacity to love others. - Eknath Easwaran\nWithout sense of direction, efforts land nowhere. - Saru Singhal\nHave you no sense of decency, sir? - Joseph N. Welch\nI really feel as if the things we create together are not things we devised, but things we discovered, as if, in some sense, they were always there in us, waiting to be revealed, like the figure of Mercury waiting in a rough lump of marble. - Raymond Joseph Teller\nPhilosophy's greatest task is to enlarge our sense of possibility. - Susan Neiman\nAin't no sense worryin' about the things you got control over, 'cause if you got control over 'em, ain't no sense worryin'. And ain't no sense worryin' about the things you don't got control over, 'cause if you don't got control over 'em, ain't no sense worryin'. - Mickey Rivers\nWe have lost all sense of other considerations, because they are artificial. Only the facts are real and important to us. And good boots are hard to come by.\" - All Quiet On The Western Front, Ch. 2 - Erich Maria Remarque\nArt is a product of the intuitive—the most powerful instrument within us. The intuitive is the most accurate sense we have. - Louis I. Kahn\nLimit not to only five, when the divine gifts the supreme sixth; the sense of dance - Shah Asad Rizvi\nSociety is always taken by surprise at any new example of common sense. - Ralph Waldo Emerson\nPride is a spiritual Cancer: It eats up the very possibilty of love, or contentment, or even common sense. - C. S. Lewis\nWhen insecurity starts to rub off on you, you begin to lose a sense of belonging. - Chinonye J. Chidolue\nThe brain is full of lonely ideas, begging you to make some sense of them, to recognize them as interesting. The lazy brain just files them away in old pigeonholes, like a bureaucrat who wants an easy life. The lively brain picks and chooses and creates new works of art out of ideas. - Theodore Zeldin\nBe proud to act like a normal human being. Keep daylight hours, get a regular job, and mix in the company of people with a fixed sense of right and wrong.The Abstainer's Handbook (second edition, p. 89) - Matt Haig\nI write in seconds. I don’t stop. I don’t think. I simply write and when it comes, it flows and it makes sense because it’s genuine. I don’t understand thought-out poetry. It doesn’t seem real to me. - Dominic Riccitello\n...[T]here should be a real sense of your imagination and your memories walking and woolgathering, tramping the hills, romping all over the place. Trust them. Don't look at your feet to see if you are doing it right. Just dance. - Anne Lamott\nAge doesn't count, but sense - Eli Coffie\nThe road to hell is paved in good intentions and apathy,What did you expect when common sense is your enemy?I'd rather burn alive than drown inside your reality - Of Mice & Men\nI believe that a worthwhile life is defined by a kind of spiritual journey and a sense of obligation. - Hillary Rodham Clinton\nI always have a sense of trembling, but so does a compass, after all. - Jerzy Kosiński\nAnyone can plot a course with a map or compass; but without a sense of who you are, you will never know if you're already home. - Shannon L. Alder\nSense will buy you more than dollars. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nCommon sense is instinct, and enough of it is genius. - Josh Billings\nbecause being with you makes perfect sense - Tim McGraw\nPhilosophy is common sense with big words. - James Madison\nIf I had no sense of humor, I would long ago have committed suicide. - Mahatma Gandhi\nPhilosophy has no value in a true sense, but it adds and defines value to our lives. - Debasish Mridha M.D.\nHe (Kris Medlin) has a communication with a force in pitching that most of us can’t talk to. It’s an awareness; it’s a sixth sense. When he steps in and stares in to that catcher, that little man on his shoulder’s going to take over and tell him what to do. And he’s done it well. - Don Sutton\nThe best leader is the one who has the sense to surround himself with outstanding people and self-restraint not to meddle with how they do their jobs.\nIt is human, to want to feel connected with others, to strive for a sense of belonging.Yet the ultimate hack is to belong with yourself.Once you belong within,You belong with all. - Reshan Pillai\nLove is the essence of life. Without love, life does not make any sense. - Debasish Mridha\nI don't know why it is that the religious never ascribe common sense to God.\nI'm quite certain that if I lost my sense of humor, it would most definitely need to be replaced by a padded cell. - Tanya Masse\nOne has a greater sense of intellectual degradation after an interview with a doctor than from any human experience. - Alice James\nA sense of the divine presence and indwelling bears the soul towards heaven as upon the wings of eagles. - Charles Haddon Spurgeon\nThe sense of your own experience will grow along with your confidence. - Auliq Ice\nThe pendulum of the mind oscillates between sense and nonsense, not between right and wrong. - C.G. Jung\nWhen we learn to read the story of Jesus and see it as the story of the love of God, doing for us what we could not do for ourselves--that insight produces, again and again, a sense of astonished gratitude which is very near the heart of authentic Christian experience. - N.T. Wright\nLiberty, taking the word in its concrete sense, consists in the ability to choose. - Simone Weil\nThe concept of Free Will makes no sense unless associated, somehow or the other, with Absolute Determinism; it is just as a man cannot walk without gravity arresting and spurring his pace simultaneously. - Raheel Farooq\nYou need that pride in yourself, as well as a sense, when you are sitting on Page 297 of a book, that the book is going to be read, that somebody is going to care. You can't ever be sure about that, but you need the sense that it's important, that it's not typing; it's writing. - Roger Kahn\nIf you are a real writer, then just surrender to the writer's life, all of it, even the bad stuff. When you do that, the beauty appears: the peace, the meaning, the joy, the fulfillment, the sense that you are doing what you were born to do and what could be better, in the end, than that? - Lauren B. Davis\nThe fragility of the intellectual is the same as the poet's:It's all about the I and its desperate sense of the we. - Prageeta Sharma\nO bliss of the collector, bliss of the man of leisure! Of no one has less been expected and no one has had a greater sense of well-being than... a collector. Ownership is the most intimate relationship one can have to objects. No t that they come alive in him; it is he who comes alive in them. - Walter Benjamin\nIt is inaccurate to say that I hate everything. I am strongly in favor of common sense, common honesty, and common decency. This makes me forever ineligible for public office. - H. L. Mencken\nOur five senses are incomplete without the sixth - a sense of humor.\nScience is nothing but trained and organized common sense. - Thomas H. Huxley\nI started out of course with Hemingway when I learned how to write. Until I realized Hemingway doesn't have a sense of humor. He never has anything funny in his stories. - Elmore Leonard\nIf one comes to the sense that they have arrived, they no longer feel the need to submit themselves to the process of learning and growing. This is a dangerous mindset to carry. The day that we stop learning is the day we stop living. - Jenelle Dancel\nMy sense of God is my sense of wonder about the Universe. - Albert Einstein\nDiscipline is to present us before grace, it does not produce grace to make sense. - Richard J. Foster\nI think instead [of happiness] we should be working for contentment... an inner sense of fulfillment that's relatively independent of external circumstances. - Andrew Weil\nA sense of calm came over me. More and more often I found myself thinking, \"This is where I belong. This is what I came into this world to do. - Jane Goodall\nCater to your customers’ lifestyles. It will create instant rapport and a lasting sense of I belong here. - Marilyn Suttle\nSomeone bent on suicide won't have much sense of humor left. - Chuck Palahniuk\nGod really must have had a sense of humor, because if I had to name my biggest turn-on, it was literature. And he had just recommended a book that I didn’t know, that wasn’t taught in school. If I were single, there would be no better pick-up line. - Kody Keplinger\nHumor can make a serious difference. In the workplace, at home, in all areas of life looking for a reason to laugh is necessary. A sense of humor helps us to get through the dull times, cope with the difficult times, enjoy the good times and manage the scary times. - Steve Goodier\nI think fantasy is best described as a kind of fiction that evokes wonder, mystery or magic, a sense of possibility beyond the ordinary world in which we live, and yet which reflects and comments upon that known world. - Kate Forsyth\nMusic is a holy place, a cathedral so majestic that we can sense the magnificence of the universe. - Don Campbell\nCommon sense is very uncommon. It is also shaped by your education. - Debasish Mridha M.D.\nIf life is nothing more than a journey to death, autumn makes sense but spring does not. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nThe power of thought is not a compelling force. It is a building force, and it is only when used in the latter sense that desirable results can be produced. - Christian D. Larson\nthere are times when life's ends are so raveled that reason and sense cry out that we stop and gather them together again before we can proceed - Richard Wright\nNow let me explain why this makes intuitive sense.\nIf no set of moral ideas were truer or better than any other, there would be no sense in preferring civilised morality to savage morality. - C.S. Lewis\nPerhaps his tragedy is that he is the only normal writer left on earth -- and it is this that adds to his isolation and so too his so sense of guilt. - Malcolm Lowry\nI think books are like people, in the sense that they'll turn up in your life when you most need them. - Emma Thompson\nNothing is more pleasing and engaging than the sense of having conferred benefits. Not even the gratification of receiving them. - Ellis Peters\nIf we couldn't laugh at things that don't make sense, we couldn't react to a lot of life. - Bill Watterson\nEducators not only teach, but they also inspire students to learn, ignite the light of imaginations, shine the sense of perception, and define the path of life for future generations. - Debasish Mridha\nRemember meditation is an active, deep remembrance, and that is discernment. Wherever you go, wherever you are, whatever you're doing, remember to utilize discernment so that you can hear and sense and feel the vibration of love rather than the vibration of illusion. - Tony Samara\n...the passage of time, which transformed the volatile present into that finished, unalterable painting called the past, a canvas man always executed blindly, with erratic brushstrokes that only made sense when one stepped far enough away from it to be able to admire it as a whole. -pg. 19 - Félix J. Palma\nCommon sense is the knack of seeing things as they are, and doing things as they ought to be done. - C. E. Stowe\nTo a common man, the opulence of the day makes no sense but to a philosopher, it is as clear as a night in the southern France. - Indiana Lang\nThe heart is stubborn. It holds onto love despite what sense and emotion tells it. And it is often, in the battle of those three, the most brilliant of all. - Alessandra Torre\nHe felt a furious sense of powerlessness, because he played no part in Alice's life, but by god she did in his, like a daughter whose name he hadn't been able to choose. - Paolo Giordano\nHer madness hath the oddest frame of sense, such a dependency of thing on thing, as e'er I heard in madness. - William Shakespeare\nMy father always used to say, \"Don't raise your voice. Improve your argument.\" Good sense does not always lie with the loudest shouters, nor can we say that a large, unruly crowd is always the best arbiter of what is right. - Desmond Tutu\nIntelligence is a necessity, but when one is without a supernatural sense, intelligence becomes senseless. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nOne pound of learning requires ten pounds of common sense to apply it. - Persian Proverb\nThe feelings is both the biggest poison and the greatest remedy. The wisdom and good sense define the best use. - Da Anunciação Marco\nTo have that sense of one's intrinsic worth... is potentially to have everything... - Joan Didion\nBesides, what matters, when it comes to self-control, isn't so much willpower as vision-the ability to see the future, so that the long-run consequences of our short-run choices are vividly clear. In that sense, our shortcomings in this arena are really failures of imagination. - Daniel Akst\nThe one who can make full sense of love and lives within its narrow expections undresses no weeping face. - Darmie Orem\nIn a sense, beauty is what one chooses to feel by virtue of what one chooses to imitate and to create. - Robert Pack\nHOW TO MAKE A REVOLUTIONARY CONSCIOUSNESS IS: educate yourself. On the train, for example, read the same two pages of Das Kapital over and over, willing them to make sense. - Garth Risk Hallberg\nCommon sense comes not just from knowledge, but also from wisdom. - Debasish Mridha\nWith no sense of smell, your memories dropped like pennies out of a ripped pocket, until the past was ashes and your parents were blanks: nothing more than the holes in Swiss cheese. - Ilsa Bick\nA sense of humor is just common sense dancing. - Clive James\nForemost, step one could take is avoiding the cheap behaviour of compromising principles with decorated lies which assails the moral power of common sense. - Nilantha Ilangamuwa\nSeals do not sit about and tell, the way people do, and their lives are not eventful in the way people's are, lines of story combed again and again, in the hope that they will yield more sense with every stroke. - Margo Lanagan\nIf a man hasn't got plenty of good common sense, the more science he has the worse for his patient. - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.\nCommon sense is in spite of, not the result of, education. - Victor Hugo\nIn a basic sense, the greater the development of each individual the more able, more effective, and less needy of limiting or restricting others she or he will be. - Jean Baker Miller\nRosie loved Tom. Rosie had always loved Tom and, although she was unable to measure \"always\" in terms of years and months, this made perfect sense to her. Their love was not constrained by the mortal bonds of time; it was eternal, ageless and ancient beyond all recollection and record. - Tanya Bullock\nNo one could honestly say that a musical makes sense. - Siegfried Kracauer\nDo not imagine that mathematics is hard and crabbed, and repulsive to common sense. It is merely the etherealization of common sense. - William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin\nWe all have very different musical DNA, and we all follow different musical paths. Yet there is a unifying quality about rock'n'roll that helps instill confidence and hope in millions of fans at times in their lives when little else makes sense. - Robert Hilburn\nDreaming is the day job of novelists, but sharing our dreams is a still more important task for us. We cannot be novelists without this sense of sharing something. - Haruki Murakami\nAs it is for a person, so it is for a company: having a sense of purpose is invigorating and motivating. - Jon Miller\nA fine dress on a homely maiden is never enough of a distraction. It can convey a sense of wealth and its accompanying attractions, but it can never truly compensate for a plain face. - Laura Moncur\nLife is a game of common sense. You can know all the data that the encyclopedia holds, but if you can't apply it to social situations and day to day events, you're on the same rank as someone with no data at all. - Zack W. Van\nIf the English language made any sense, a catastrophe would be an apostrophe with fur. - Doug Larson\nYou are so afraid of losing your moral sense that you are not willing to take it through anything more dangerous than a mud-puddle. - Gertrude Stein\nSuccess is more a function of consistent common sense than it is of genius. - An Wang\nI would rather think of life as a good book. The further you get into it, the more it begins to come together and make sense. - Rabbi Harold Kushner\nWithout awareness, every one of us is at risk of living trapped, an unfulfilled trace of our Self, by our own sense of who we are - The Truth\nOur work is not to become unique. We are unique. Our work is to unleash our sense of adventure and to allow the inner whisper that says come hither to be reason enough to go. - Vironika Tugaleva\nThe void is 'not-being,' and no part of 'what is' is a 'not-being,'; for what 'is' in the strict sense of the term is an absolute plenum. This plenum, however, is not 'one': on the contrary, it is a 'many' infinite in number and invisible owing to the minuteness of their bulk. - Aristotle\nI spent my timeLosing my sense of space and timeI had my plans I had my schemesAnd faith so strongTo know all was vain - Nirab karki\nA sense of humour is the only divine quality of man - Arthur Schopenhauer\nTo appreciate life's small moments, it helps to have a sense the whole can never be made perfect. - Alain de Botton\nSometimes in life confusion tends to arise and only dialogue of dance seems to make sense. - Shah Asad Rizvi\nA great sense of commitment builds a hardworking spirit. - Wayne Chirisa\nTo make dollars from cents you have to have sense. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nNow begins a torrent of words and a trickling of sense. - Theocritus of Chios\nTrue sense of humour and true, deep happiness never depend on the after effects of destructive vices - Angelica Hopes\nI spent most of my life trying to specialize myself. I went to theater school, film school, music school, mime school ... Finally, I was able to gather enough knowledge to build the confidence to create my own work, that goes utterly against the sense of specialization. - Nuno Roque\nFor even if we have the sensation of being always surrounded by our own soul, it is not as though by a motionless prison: rather, we are in some sense borne along with it in a perpetual leap to go beyond it. - Marcel Proust\nImagination is a quality that was given to man compensate him from whats not. The sense of humor was given to console him from what is. - Oscar Wilde\nI don't know who explained this rule to me; maybe it was the product of my own speculations and fantasies. That would have been typical: I was always inventing stories and machinations to make sense of things I didn't understand, and I understood almost nothing. - César Aira\nAre all of us the same, I wonder, navigating our lives by interpreting the silences between words spoken, analysing the returning echoes of our memory in order to chart the terrain, in order o make sense of the world around us? - Twang Eng Tan\n\"Knowledge, without common sense,\" says Lee, is \"folly; without method, it is waste; without kindness, it is fanaticism; without religion, it is death.\" But with common sense, it is wisdom with method, it is power; with clarity, it is beneficence; with religion, it is virtue, and life, and peace.\nCommon sense and sense of humor are the same thing moving at different speeds. A sense of humor is just common sense, dancing.\nUniversity can teach you skill and give you opportunity, but it can't teach you sense, nor give you understanding. Sense and understanding are produced within one's soul. - C. JoyBell C.\nSelf-respect is the root of discipline: The sense of dignity growswith the ability to say no to oneself. - Abraham Joshua Heschel\nSince our fears are mostly imaginary denial makes good sense. - Marty Rubin\nTo be idle requires a strong sense of personal identity. - Robert Louis Stevenson\nPITY, n. A failing sense of exemption, inspired by contrast. - Ambrose Bierce\nYou can create sense out of nonsense, something out of nothing. You can create wealth out of dearth, viable ventures out of turbulent adventures. You can create mercies out of miseries. You can create tomorrow’s peace out of today’s crisis. - Ikechukwu Joseph\nThe chief enemy of creativity is good sense. - Pablo Picasso\nI think the only necessary conclusion is that we are too beautiful, because being not beautiful at all just doesn't make sense. - Zoe Trope\nMoral grounds are always the last refuge of people who have no sense of beauty. - Oscar Wilde\nHow can a person have a sense of something if he does not have the germ of it within himself. What I am to understand must develop organically within me--and what I seem to learn is only nourishment--stimulation of the organism. - Novalis\nWe cannot live without meaning, that would preclude any sense of identity, any hope, any future. - Carlina Rinaldi\nAn American has no sense of privacy. He does not know what it means.There is no such thing in the country. - George Bernard Shaw\nIt is a thousand times better to have common sense without education than to have education without common sense. - Robert G. Ingersoll\nIt’s exciting to watch young children read poetry for the first time. You can sense the wheels turning and you just know their brain is doing this wonderful thing called learning. It’s magical! - Elaine Grey\nOh, remember this, the sweetness of religion is incomparably more than all the pleasures of sense. - William Bates\nThe best things in life don't make sense.\nHappiness is gleaned from a source, which can be attributed to all experiences; it can be found wherever the individual does not mind forfeiting the option, for some sense of control. - Justin K. McFarlane Beau\nWe don't want to eliminate the ego completely. Otherwise we'd be wandering around the house each morning, drinking coffee for hours, saying, 'Who the hell am I?' We need the ego to sustain a sense of identity. - Stuart Wilde\nA great sense of humor is a great gift! - Diamante Lavendar\nThe greatest freedom in this world is a sense of self detached from appearances so that we may sacrifice today’s comforts for tomorrow’s opportunities. - Vironika Tugaleva\nHuman experience always contains both pain and joy. One of the reasons we can be confident that Christianity is actually true is it allows us to make sense of both aspects of the world. Of both beauty and pain. - Holly Ordway\nThroughout the house one could detect the good sense and care of a woman whose feet were planted firmly on the ground. - Gabriel García Márquez\nThere's a kind of purity to a relationship unencumbered by convention, a sense of simplicity and freedom. - Jp Delaney\nLove can bless you with a sense of purpose and direction when all else fails. Because to have faith in love is to be optimistic about life. Love is hopefulness. - Kamand Kojouri\n[Men] are incomprehensible animals... They walk about boasting of their wisdom, strength, and sovereignty, while they have not sense so much as to swallow an apple with the aid of an Eve to put it down their throats. - Frances Wright\n‎\"Those who give up dreams, do injury to their own hearts and cannot possibly enjoy a profound sense of fulfillment in the end. - Daisaku Ikeda\nIt is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something. - Franklin D. Roosevelt\nHope is a state of mind, not of the world. Hope, in this deep and powerful sense, is not the same as joy that things are going well, or willingness to invest in enterprises that are obviously heading for .success, but rather an ability to work for something because it is good. - Vaclav Havel\nThings that don't quite make sense can be our most valuable tools. - David Wilson\nAll too often, our elegant political theories amount to nothing more than ideology triumphing over common sense. - Clifford Cohen\nA writer’s primary goal is to make sense. The bookstore’s is to make cents. - Mokokoma Mokhonoana\nSuccess is a way of life with the sense of connection, compassion, and expansion of human life. - Debasish Mridha\nYou are a full of beautiful madness, an unreasonable reason, but you make sense in all things senseless. - s.w.collins\nThe voice of the Lord is the voice of common sense, which is shared by all that is - Samuel Butler\nAs for what concerns me in particular I have only in my life carried to an extreme what you have not dared to carry halfway, and what's more, you have taken your cowardice for good sense, and have found comfort in deceiving yourselves. - Fyodor Dostoevsky\nBeauty is a sense of harmony. - Ayn Rand\nI lost my sense of trust, honesty and compassion. I crashed down and became what I consider an emotional mess. I've never been so miserable in my whole life. I just wanted to go to bed and never get up. - Shania Twain\nThrough the practice of meditation, of calming and focusing our mind, as well as developing greater clarity and a sense of awareness, we train ourselves to recognize the wealth that was already there - the very wealth others fail to recognize. - Stephen Richards\nWhile I am overwhelmingly proud of work that I, believe me, did not do on my own, I can assure you that awards have very little bearing on my own personal happiness, my own sense of well-being and purpose in the world. - Meryl Streep\nThis is the postmodern desert inhabited by people who are, in effect, consuming themselves in the form of images and abstractions through which their desires, sense of identity, and memories are replicated and then sold back to them as products - Larry McCaffrey\nTaste is the most unexplored sense - Matteo Ferrara\nFriends need not agree in everything or go always together, or have no comparable other friendships of the same intimacy. On the contrary, in friendship union is more about ideal things: and in that sense it is more ideal and less subject to trouble than marriage is. - George Santayana\nNothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. - Theodosius Dobzhansky\nSometimes an act of common sense is indistinguishable from an act of genius. - Amit Kalantri\nIntelligence is worthless without common sense. - LM Fields\nThere's an old saying that if you come back to the place where you became a man, you will remember all those things you need to be happy... That saying never made sense to me, but I thought it was worth a try. - Henry Bromel\nThere is in each person, in every animal, bird and plant a star which mirrors, matches or is in some sense the same as a star in the heavens. - Paracelsus\nA poem is never a put-up job, so to speak. It begins as a lump in the throat, a sense of wrong, a homesickness, a lovesickness. It is never a thought to begin with. - Robert Frost\nSome of the most polished ideas are discovered through healthy, honest debate, so if you don't argue with yourself every once in a while, other people will gladly point out if, in any sense, you missed a spot. - Criss Jami\nWhy can I never go back to bed? Who's is the voice ringing in my head? Where is the sense in these desperate dreams? Why should I wake when I'm half past dead? - Emilie Autumn\nAndalways embrace things, people earthsky stars, as I do, freely and withthe appropriate sense of space. - Frank O'Hara\nIt is brutal. Only I never could see the sense in having folks look at your tombstone and say, 'He was a man who didn't believe in violence, He's a good man... and dead. - Louis L'Amour\n...the student of prehistoric man...cannot reject [the Castenedolo skull] as false without doing injury to his sense of truth, and he cannot accept it as fact without shattering his accepted beliefs. - Arthur Keith\nAllow yourself to celebrate your sense of freedom , your capacity to make a choice and your strength in facing the truth. Not everyone has the courage to do so, even if it hurts……Knowing is KEY to acceptance. - Abby Espiritu\nGiven the lethal enormity of sin and the inestimable value of a single soul, a baby in a manger and a man on a cross makes more sense that anything else I will ever be able to possibly imagine. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nThe common theme of common sense is that it’s commonly rejected as uncommonly demanding. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nThe lack of a sense of history is the damnation of the modern world. - Robert Penn Warren\nThe real beginning of influence comes as others sense you are being influenced by them--when they feel understood by you--that you have listened deeply and sincerely, and that you are open. - Stephen Cove\nIf life was fair ... one third of the people would comprise of judges and lawyers ... one third of police and prison officials ... and one third of legislators ... and one third more to make the other three thirds make any sense at all .... Thank goodness for no fair. - Brian Spellman\nFaith is to believe in something when common sense tells you not to and situation surrounding you says otherwise. - Sesan Kareem\nLooking back, it made no sense for my college friends and me to distance ourselves from the hard-won achievements of earlier feminists. We should have cheered their efforts. Instead, we lowered our voices, thinking the battle was over, and with this reticence we hurt ourselves. - Sheryl Sandberg\nYou cram these words into mine ears against the stomach of my sense. - William Shakespeare\nA woman has to be intelligent, have charm, a sense of humor, and be kind. It's the same qualities I require from a man. - Catherine Deneuve\nOnce the lotus of your inner divinity gets full-blown and you reach the mental state where all the religious giants of human history experienced the all-encompassing sense of godliness, the exuberance of the human mind turns infinite. - Abhijit Naskar\nIf you are destined to become a writer, you can't help it. If you can help it, you aren't destined to become a writer. The frustrations and disappointments, not even to mention the unspeakable loneliness, are too unbearable for anyone who doesn't have a deep sense of being unable to avoid writing. - Donald Harington\nThey still had sexual relations with another, slept in the same bed, shared kisses and intimacy and matrimonial fluid, however both were not married to each other in that sense, although there was a piece of paper that said otherwise. - Keira D. Skye\nAcademic and aristocratic people live in such an uncommon atmosphere that common sense can rarely reach them. - Samuel Butler\nThe beauty about creating soundtracks is that each time I’m living in a magical world, a world of the logic of sense away from the crazy world we’re living in where materialism in charge of our destiny - sami abouzid\nNever in our silent moments of illusion do we sense the dark parallel that lives next to us. Nor do we suspect the carrier. - Kris Courtney\nTo nurture your career, it makes sense to cultivate your strengths. To nurture your moral core, it is necessary to confront your weaknesses. - David Brooks\nNow this might disturb you, but I find I'm OK by myself;and I don't need you or your benevolence to make sense. - Morrissey\nA way of using words to say things which could not possibly be said in any other way, things which in a sense do not exist till they are born in poetry. - Cecil Day-Lewis\nWords only make sense when someone who says them does. - Christian Rwynn\nAs we live out of such a mind, we become generous, with no sense of tolerance. We become patient, with no sense of putting up with anything. We become compassionate, with no sense of separation. And we become wise, with no sense of having to straighten anyone out. - Steve Hagen\nA drop of sense can save you an ocean of tears. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nYour words like wings gravity they defy.My heart like a leaf on the wind catchin' rides.We make too much sense to foolishly pass it by.So I'm taking a rainbow up to the 5th floor.Steppin' out to see that you're really worth more. - Group 1 Crew\nSpeaking calls for risk, speaking calls for a sense of what one has to lose. Not just what one has to gain. - Anne Deavere Smith\nThe universe may not always play fair, but at least it's got a hell of a sense of humor. - Michael Patrick King\nWhen a person can't find a deep sense of meaning, they distract themselves with pleasure. - Viktor E. Frankl\nBut it's not the pressure of data that gives rise to the understanding. It's, on the contrary, the child's own struggle to make sense of the data - Eleanor Duckworth\nAutobiography begins with a sense of being alone. It is an orphan form. - John Berger\nThe heart of Christ is not only the heart of a man but has in it also the tenderness and gentleness of a woman. Jesus was not a man in the rigid sense of manhood as distinct from womanhood, but, as the Son of Man, the complete Head of Humanity. - A.B. Simpson\nI am not religious in any sense; in fact, I consider myself an atheist. - Subrahmanijan Chandrasekhar\nPeople think they are not satisfied with what they have but in true sense they are not satisfied with what they are. - Amit Kalantri\nSome of you need a lesson in humility. While your arrogance may give you a sense of power, it may serve you better to put it aside. Those are the times you will be the light of the world. - J 'son M. Lee\nWhen you want to encourage a greater sense of responsibility in others (and yourself), emphasize the anticipation of accomplishment, not the penalties for failure. - Roger Crawford\nYou can enjoy a deep sense of satisfaction and happiness in life despite challenging circumstances. It's all in how you think about it. - Kristi Bowman\nSelf-betrayal occurs when we do to another what we sense we should not do or don't do what we sense we should. Thus self-betrayal is a sort of moral self-compromise, a violation of our own personal sense of how we ought to be and what we ought to do. - C. Terry Warner\nGod can pick sense out of a confused prayer. - Richard Sibbes\nThe paradox of education is that any man only educated by others is an uneducated man; without self-education you cannot be educated one in strict sense of this term. - Elmar Hussein\nCultures produce myths because they satisfy a deep-rooted human need: the need to make sense of life. Myths are appealing because they reduce the complexity of experience, by making things seem simple and absolute; myths define popular realities which are accepted readily, even uncritically. - Matthew Screech\nValue the wisdom of humility, as well as the sense of perspective it gives you. - Chris Hadfield\nLost: The common sense of an unconventional dreamer. If found, please return to Love The Stacks. - Love The Stacks Bookstore\nForgiveness requires a sense that bad behaviour is a sign of suffering rather than malice. - Alain de Botton\nSo I believe in the redeeming power of stories, I believe that stories are incredibly important, possibly in ways we don't understand, in allowing us to make sense of our lives, in allowing us to escape our lives, in giving us empathy and in creating the world that we live in. - Neil Gaiman\nit's really make sense when it's does not make sense - sarajevo_sara\nI can see education is everywhere, and many people were educated. But I realize that common sense is not that common. - Nurudeen Ushawu\nSuccess steps: Think big. Act small. Then scale.Failure steps: Act big. Think small. Then shrink.Consider your next big thing a project. Get one. Get it right. No sense growing a broken system. - Richie Norton\nYou are the reality.The sense of of worship, love, devotion and loyalty.You are the purpose of life and existence. That is why I am still alive. - M.F. Moonzajer\nProbability theory is nothing more than common sense reduced to calculation. -1819 - Pierre Simon Laplace\nBelieve nothing, no matter who said it, even if I said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and common sense - Buda\nYou can't do that, it makes too much sense. - Daven Anderson\nbeing genius does not necessarily means knowing it all or having the highest academic qualification but a persons ability to apply wisdom and common sense to common things in a distinctive manner and courageously exhibiting the latent deft to the admiration of the masses - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah\nFools admire, but men of sense approve. - Alexander Pope\nCommon sense is not so common. - Voltaire\nShe's not quite making sense, but no one does all the time. - Jael McHenry\nEvery woman has a distinctive sense of beauty which is uniquely charming and euphoric. - Debasish Mridha\nYet human intelligence has another force, too: the sense of urgency that gives human smarts their drive. Perhaps our intelligence is not just ended by our mortality; to a great degree, it is our mortality. - Adam Gopnik\nOur choices in life are made according to our sense of our own worth. - Kaylan Pickford\nCommon sense is the knack of seeing things as they are and doing things as they ought to be done. - Josh Billings\nI've got a twisted sense of humor, and everything amuses me. - Robert Heinlein\nI have a sense of destiny that you are led to the things you are supposed to do. - Robert Downey Jr.\nA perfectly evil Devil makes even less sense than a perfect God. - Anne Rice\n[A young adult novel] ends not with happily ever after, but at a new beginning, with the sense of a lot of life yet to be lived. - Richard Peck\nA sense of accomplishment comes when you have completed the tasks for the goals you have set for yourself. - Brenda Johnson Padgitt\nI want to rip off your logic and make passionate sense to you. I want to ride in the swing of your hips. My fingers will dig in you like quotation marks, blazing your limbs into parts of speech. - Jeffrey McDaniel\nI just wish that God or my parents or Sam or my sister or someone would just tell me what's wrong with me. Just tell me how to be different in a way that makes sense. - Stephen Chbosky\nI have long thought that anyone who does not regularly - or ever - gaze up and see the wonder and glory of a dark night sky filled with countless stars loses a sense of their fundamental connectedness to the universe - Brian Greene\nIf we really want to know, who we are and recognize our identity, we have to find out the identity of the others. By making friends with the others, we are able to make friends with ourselves. At that moment, we can sense how everything falls into place. ( Steps in the unknown\" ) - Erik Pevernagie\nBook sense makes sense because someone has gone through it before and able to share it with you. Your job is to listen and discern. - Germany Kent\nSense howEven the smooth stones acheWith stories of their ownIn the shuddering light of day. - Scott Hastie\nOne of the greatest tragedies in life is to lose your own sense of self and accept the version of you that is expected by everyone else. - K.L. Toth\nThe only side God chooses is one of commonsense. If it doesn’t make sense; it is not God. - Shannon L. Alder\nIs boredom anything less than the sense of one's faculties slowly dying? - John Berger\nSanity and sense becomes a prison. - Darnell Lamont Walker\nHaving faith often means doing what others see as crazy. Something is wrong when our lives make sense to unbelievers.and also my friend i learned this To believers, the bible is a holy book, to unbelievers like u it is a story book. - Sean Davz\nI used the word 'prose' in the Trans-Siberian in the early Latin sense of prosa dictu. Poem seemed to me too pretentious, too narrow. Prose is more open, popular. - Blaise Cendrars\nNow I sense the perfume of flowers like seeing a new thing.I know they smell just as well as I know I existed.They’re things known from the outside.But now I know with my breathing from the back of my head. - Alberto Caeiro\nIf you're being bombarded with information, the act of looking for patterns not necessarily finding them is what going to give you psychic refuge, a sense of sanctuary. - Douglas Copeland\nA person who does not feel like making fool of oneself only by saying usually to the people is most probably not often talking sense. - Anuj Somany\nAs we try to change society to fit our standards and bring about the sense of peace we long for, it is only when we turn inwards, clean our own backyards and serve as a source of inspiration that society will improve on its own. - Dana Gore\nWriting is how I process the cacophony of each day. Prayer is how God makes sense out of my scribbles. - Donna Pyle\nEven if we have bad feelings about our past and it causes a sense of alienation, it belongs to our history. Its benchmarks are stored in the granary of our mind and crucial evaluations for the future cannot be made without consulting the archive of our memory. ( Not without the past) - Erik Pevernagie\nStatements make sense for somebody who needs advice. I’m not giving advice. I don’t instruct. At my best, I delight. That’s my job. - Ron Koertge\nWithout a sense of humor, you don't have much sense at all. - Pen\nI want to ripoff your logic and make passionate sense to you. - Jeffery McDaniel\nBy simple common sense I don't believe in God, in none. - Charlie Chaplin\nIf you want to find wilier race by common sense, then you have just narrowed your searching area. - Toba Beta\nIt only makes sense to me when I can get in trouble for it. Maya - Girl Meets World\nWithout a mission and a sense of whom you write for, you aren't worth reading. - Steve Lopez\nThey say a witch-doctor can't heal himself but I beg to differ. I have been in deep end but somehow Managed to keep my head high....all by myself. Self belief, self efficacy.....and leaning to God each time you sense imbalances - you will definitely make it. - Kwanele Booi\nThe meaning of life consists in the fact that it makes no sense to say that life has no meaning. - Niels Bohr\nI'm trying to make some sense out of the phrase \"Everything happens for a reason,\" and I think I've figured out what the reason is - to pissed me off. - Cecelia Ahern\nThinking over this thought, this whole thinking makes no sense. - Janosch\nInnovation is a man made change that we see with a sense of wonder. - Debasish Mridha\nPride, like laudanun and other poisonous medicines, is beneficial in small, though injurious in large quantities. No man who is not pleased with himself, even in a personal sense, can please others.\nThe sense of justice is continuous with the love of mankind. - John Rawls\nThe pain of being treated like a mere object. And a sense that this pain would turn into pleasure. - Natsuo Kirino\nReal poetry is art at its purest sense. It is never a commodity, but a breath of eternity. - Subhan Zein\nsurround yourself with people who allow you to be yourself, it does not mean be around others who do not have a sense of right or wrong, who lack respect, love and compassion for others. - Tasha Hoggatt\nGood taste is the flower of good sense.\nThere are many sources of spirituality; religion may be the most common, but it is by no means the only. Anything that generates a sense of awe may be a source of spirituality. Science does this in spades. - Michael Shermer\nThe day you lose your sense of wonder is the day you grow old. - Marty Rubin\nMaking a home is hard work, and for some reason it's underappreciated. It's way to make sense of things. - Erin Boyle\nAny writer of horror needs to at least have a good, solid love of the genre. Also, good horror writers need to have a slightly twisted sense of humor. Without humor, horror just isn’t as good. - Alistair Cross\nyou will need a great deal of self-discipline not to lose your sense of balance, humility, and commitment. - H. Ross Perot\nAtheism, a religion dedicated to its own sense of smug superiority. - Stephen Colbert\nThe businessman is only tolerable so long as his gains can be held to bear some relation to what, roughly and in some sense, his activities have contributed to society. - John Maynard Keynes\nWords have to make sense; facts don't. That life makes no sense is the most beautiful fact of all. - Marty Rubin\nForget Gods, Religion, Caste, Sex, Species, Everything like every single thing - Sense it, Feel it and just be Human ! - Alamvusha\nHistorical sense and poetic sense should not, in the end, be contradictory, for if poetry is the little myth we make, history is the big myth we live, and in our living, constantly remake. - Robert Penn Warren\nYour mind can imagine what others cannot.Your heart can sense what others cannot.Your soul can receive what others cannot.Your feet can go where others cannot.Your hands can do what others cannot. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nHe had never been a religious person. Even as a child he had found the notion of an omnipotent creator who punished his crations inconsistently for minor infractions of a vaguely defined moral code to be unthinkable to anyone with an ounce of sense. - Michael Thomas Ford\nHave and the have nots. Why do people say that, it’s stupid? I think it should be the gets and the get nots; that makes more sense. - James Jean-Pierre\nPerhaps I occasionally sought to give, or inadvertently gave, to the student a sense of battle on the intellectual battlefield. If all you do is to give them a faultless and complete and uninhabited architectural masterpiece, then you do not help them to become builders of their own. - Carl-Gustaf Rossby\nTo care is our endless sense if duty. - Debasish Mridha\nMusic, when soft voices die, Vibrates in the memory; Odors, when sweet violets sicken, Live within the sense they quicken. - Percy Bysshe Shelley\nI'll never know the right answer for sex and marriage, sense and mirage. - James Thurber\nAn imperfect creative expression is much more sensible and creative than a grammatically perfect expression without an iota of sense and value in it. - Michael Bassey Johnson\nThe strange thing about loneliness is that we feel it most intently when we are with people. Loneliness is the knowing in our heart that we were created to really, truly know each other in the deepest sense but we feel stuck with superficiality. - Dannah Gresh\nNo one’s life ever goes as they planned. That truth alone should bring a sense of relief to everyone. - Andrena Sawyer\nthe lost sense that we play out our lives as part of a greater story - David Whyte\nUsing Pain To Relieve Pain. Doesn't Make Much Sense. But It Works. - Lupe Hernandez\nWhenever you commend, add your reasons for doing so; it is this which distinguishes the approbation of a man of sense from the flattery of sycophants and admiration of fools. - Sir Richard Steele\nPeople who actually have good advice seldom give it voluntarily, instead others seek them out for it. They do not shove it down people's throats just to boost their exaggerated sense of importance. - JJ Matebesi\nWhen dreaming is better than reality we're livingWhat's the sense of waking up in a nightmare? - Joshua Natad\nThe freethinking of one age is the common sense of the next. - Matthew Arnold\nTravel makes me feel like a bird,Travel gives me a sense of freedom,Travel makes me come alive! - Archana Chaurasia Kapoor\nThe immense appetite we have for biography comes from a deep-seated sense of equality. - Charles Baudelaire\nI hadn't been hanging around a knight errant for three years without learning that impossible things can happen, if you're willing to throw common sense in the air and try. - Hilari Bell\nProblems and challenges are the sense of life\" - Mohamed Osman Abbasheikh\nTreaty with Tripoli, Art. 11. As the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion; - U.S. Congress\nownergy= ownership + energy. A word i coined together to mean working with a clear sense of ownership and energy to achieve great success. Brimekonsult. - brimekonsult\nYou can’t change the past. You can’t even change the future, in the sense that you can only change the present one moment at a time, stubbornly, until the future unwinds itself into the stories of our lives. - Larry Wall\nPeople in blind love throw away common sense, conscience and comedy from the life. - Amit Kalantri\nThe beautiful illusion of fiction is that everything makes sense and that there was a purpose, that there was a point to it all. And that's the best possible lie because it may even be true. - Neil Gaiman\nGet close to only those who renew our spirit and sense of purpose in life. - Aditya Ajmera\nO sleep, thou ape of death, lie dull upon her and be her sense but as a monument, thus in a chapel lying. - William Shakespeare\nWhat sense is there in pain at all—however we contrive it for ourselves as we cast about for ways to bind up the wound between us and God? - Anne Carson\nAll creatures have a sense of territory - except children. - P.K. Shaw\nNonsense is that which does not fit into the prearranged patterns which we have superimposed on reality...Nonsense is nonsense only when we have not yet found that point of view from which it makes sense. - Gary Zukav\nEducation occurs when students set out to educate themselves… the student will only learn, can only learn, what he chooses to learn…(An) advantage of not pushing is an innate sense (his) education is (his) responsibility and reward. - Oliver DeMille\nAre you one of those people who uses words more for the sound than for the sense of them? - Dean Koontz\nMost people say about graveyards: \"Oh, it's just a bunch of dead people. It's creepy.\" But for me, there's an energy to it that it not creepy, or dark. It has a positive sense to it. - Tim Burton\nFRIENDLESS, adj. Having no favors to bestow. Destitute of fortune. Addicted to utterance of truth and common sense. - Ambrose Bierce\nI perceive God everywhere in His works. I sense Him in me; I see Him all around me. - Jean-Jacques Rousseau\nThe trouble with writing fiction is that it has to make sense, whereas real life doesn't. - Iain M. Banks\nCoMMOn SeNSe iS nOt sO cOmMOn aMoNg coMMon pEOPLe... - DeOLs\nUnless you love someone, nothing else makes sense. - E.E. Cummings\nA well-spun tale can transport listeners away from their humdrum lives and return them with an enlarged sense of the world. (Peter Nimble) - Jonathan Auxier\nReaders love fantasy, but we need horror. Smart horror. Truthful horror. Horror that helps us make sense of a cruelly senseless world. - Brian K. Vaughan\nAn ancient sage held that in different ages, humans held the senses in different ratios, according to the media by which they communicated and expressed themselves. Hence before writing, the ear was the royal sense. After writing, the eye. - Karl Schroeder\nUltimately, I hoped the tiny-house guy was similar to me: a sane person without a big agenda, who simply wanted a way to make sense of the world, to create a new map with a big X in the middle labeled \"Home,\" even if that meant shrinking his world down to the size of an area rug. - Dee Williams\nThe ship is always off course. Anybody who sails knows that. Sailing is being off course and correcting. That gives a sense of what life is about. - Michael Meade\nNo man can be a pure specialist without being in the strict sense an idiot. - George Bernard Shaw\nTo lead a blameless life you must curb your passions , and whatever misfortune may befall you cannot be ascribed by anyone to want of good luck, or attributed to fate; these words are devoid of sense, and all fault will rightly fall on your own head. - Giacomo Casanova\nTo keep your conscience at peace and your respect at high, don't follow those orders which make no sense. - Amit Kalantri\nThis is the moment when something once more begins visibly to happen, something truly new and unique...something truly historical, in the sense that history again demands to be heard. - Václav Havel\nIronically, torture requires empathy, too, in the sense that one cannot deliberately inflict pain without realizing what is painful. - Frans de Waal\nCommon sense is as rare as genius. - Ralph Waldo Emerson\nThe best defence against misguided arrogance is a keen sense of humour. - Kathryn L. Nelson\nNeither objectivity nor subjectivity seem to make much sense. - Marty Rubin\nIf you didn't love your past, when it was present... there is no sense in loving it and being with it today.... - Mayank Sharma\nMost people have sense but not common sense. - Debasish Mridha\nSomething about her was different that day. In an instant, she swallowed her regrets, choked back her past, and swore to make history every damn day. There I stood, struggling to make sense of the strength of a woman. - J. Raymond\nIn a certain sense the past is far more real, or at any rate more stable, more resilient than the present. The present slips and vanishes like sand between the fingers, acquiring material weight, only in its recollection. - Andrei Tarkovsky\nThe profoundest of all sensualitiesis the sense of truthand the next deepest sensual experienceis the sense of justice. - D.H. Lawrence\nIf the universe doesn't care about us and if we're an accident in a remote corner of the universe, in some sense it makes us more precious. The meaning in our lives is provided by us; we provide our own meaning. - Lawrence M. Krauss\nINTENTION, n. The mind's sense of the prevalence of one set of influences over another set; an effect whose cause is the imminence, immediate or remote, of the performance of an involuntary act. - Ambrose Bierce\nImagination is a quality given to man to compensate for what he is not, and a sense of humaor is provided to console him from what he is. - Oscar Wilde\nCookbooks are almost a substitution for a lost sense of culture. People want some other life than the one they're living, so they buy a cookbook with pictures and imagine themselves as part of that life. - Mark Miller\nBe sure not to turn your life into a series of tasks which must always be performed... I know it can seem appealing to live in a state accomplishing things, always succeeding, always getting things done. But consider this. A whole life lost. A sacrifice to your fragile sense of order. - Kevin Hooyman\nI know all those words, but that sentence makes no sense to me. - Matt Groening\nWe have all been empowered by the web: everyone with a keyboard can now effectively broadcast to a national audience. In a sense, it puts each of us on the same footing as the major media conglomerates, except for AOL, who now apparently own all our thoughts and teeth. - John Hodgman\nA poem begins as a lump in the throat, a sense of wrong, a homesickness, a lovesickness. - Robert Frost\nRemember, crowd doesn't care about common sense. - Amit Kalantri\nWhat the sense feels, what the spirit perceives, is never an end in itself. But sense and spirit would like to persuade you that they are the end of all things: they are as vain as that. - Nietszche\nAfter getting myself relatively educated in the area of national transformation, I have come to discover that it makes better sense to look at what I could do to fix the problems of the society rather than blaming others for what is wrong in the country. - Sunday Adelaja\n...a revolution of government is the strongest proof that can be given by a people of their virtue and good sense. - John Adams\nAll my past heartache and pain suddenly made sense. That was who I would not be to the person who deserves the best of me. - Hubert Martin\nIt's a symbiotic process, writing. What I am makes the books—not part of me, all of me—and then the books themselves inform the sense of what I am. So the more I can be, the better the books will be. - Jeanette Winterson\nThe alchemy of life is to turn coins into cents, by making sense of change. - Jennifer Sodini\nConfession is good for the soul only in the sense that a tweed coat is good for dandruff - it is a palliative rather than a remedy. - Peter De Vries\nOur humanity consists in our ability to sense and respect and respond to the humanity of others. - C. Terry Warner\nFor a better world, we need education. nevertheless, more than education, we need people with common sense. - Nurudeen Ushawu\nAs your faith is strengthened, you will find that there is no longer the need to have a sense of control, that things will flow as they will and that you will flow with them to your great delight and benefit. - Emmanuel Teney\nWhy shouldn't truth be stranger than fiction? Fiction, after all, has to make sense. - Mark Twain\n[Common sense] is the best sense I know of. - Lord Chesterfield\nIt’s the journey, not the destination, but that doesn’t make sense until you get there. - J.R. Rim\nThe best books like the best music or television or movies or comics or video games can challenge us and force us to think or perceive aspects of life that we may prefer to avoid. In a sense, they threaten us. - Geoffrey Reiter\nA sense of curiosity is nature's original school of education. - Dr. Smiley Blanton\nKeeping an active mind has been vital to my survival, as has been maintaining a sense of humor. - Stephen Hawking\nMarx made theory... Lenin applied it with his sense of large-scale social organization... And Henry Ford made the work of the socialist state possible. - Diego Rivera\nOlgun! Wake up!\"Her mind was filled with a sense of self-righteous andvaguely drowsy protest.\"Sure you weren't, she needled at him. You were justpracticing snoring, so you'd be sure to get it right later on,yes?\"Olgun's response very strongly resembled an indignantsnort. - Ari Marmell\nWhere sense is wanting, everything is wanting, - Benjamin Franklin\nLack of culture equals to parallel lives, however through art, oneness, sanity and sense of belonging is restored. - Unarine Ramaru\nEvery great artist has the sense of provocation. - Arthur Cravan\nScience when well-digested is nothing but good sense and reason.\n[Quantum mechanics] describes nature as absurd from the point of view of common sense. And yet it fully agrees with experiment. So I hope you can accept nature as She is - absurd. - Richard Feynman\nI live in my own head and it all makes sense to me. - Tyler, the Creator\nGood horror offers a sense of an upended, lawless world and that’s appealing to anyone who grew up feeling like an outsider. - Christopher Rice\nIt’s beyond your consciousness that your soul lingers with the person you love and hence your mood will affect the one you love. This is the reason why you sometimes sense your mood changing mysteriously with no reason. - Udai Yadla\nI gives birth to mind; Mind gives birth to ego,Ego gives birth to sense of separation,From where originates suffering and sorrow. - Gian Kumar\nEveryone needs a strong sense of self. It is our base of operations for everything that we do in life. - Julia T. Alvarez\nRaging over something that is invaluable can portray an individual's sense of immaturity and lack of understanding about his or her actual needs for survival. - Saaif Alam\nMyths are, in fact...neither primitive nor untrue. They are, rather, a kind of poetry that helps us make sense of the world and our place in it. - Stephen H. Furrer\nWe rarely think people have good sense unless they agree with us. - Francois de La Rochefoucauld\nNever let your emotions get so high that they flood your common sense. - Steve Cross crossbytes\nLet certain things be uncertain.Appreciate the puzzle that life is,insofar as I know, after a scheme of steps,all Crosswords have a solution,and every Sudoku makes a lot of sense. - Jasleen Kaur Gumber\nThe government of the United States is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion. - George Washington\nSometimes the boxes we’re put in fit. Other times, we find ourselves shoved into places too confining for our growing sense of self. - Sarah Hackley\nFor your past, for your flaws, and ultimately for your stress; I judge no one whom I’ve met along the way because in a sense we were all wounded in our own ways. - Forrest Curran\nNo special academic expertise is required for insight into the Orwellian use of language, only clear thinking and common sense. - Peter Slezak\nThe Universe is under no obligation to make sense to you. - Neil deGrasse Tyson\n[...] the sense that everyone was incommunicado with everyone else and living on an entirely wrong plane, so that the meaning, the message, the love, or whatever it was that each life contained, never could find its expression. - Patricia Highsmith\nIt is human, to want to feel connected with others, to strive for a sense of belonging.Yet the ultimate hack is is to belong with yourself.Once you belong within,You belong with all. - Reshan Pillai\nI base most of my fashion sense on whether or not it itches. - Gilda Radner\nI despise common sense. I’ve seen the world from every possible angle. This cruel, ridiculous, beautiful world. - Lacie Baskerville Pandora Hearts\nWhen you give appreciation IN ORDER TO get something– it's manipulation and people can sense it. Appreciate genuinely. - Marilyn Suttle\nThere is no such thing as objectivity. We are all just interpreting signals from the universe and trying to make sense of them. Dim, shaky, weak, static-y little signals that only hint at the complexity of a universe we cannot begin to understand. - Bones The Doctor in the Photo\nSometimes, it will never make sense until you find the right path that makes sense to you and no one else. - Shannon L. Alder\nHe (Mario Vargas Llosa) looks grave, transported. And there, I think, is the personality that wrote the books: one in which a subversive comic sense and appetite for the ridiculous jostle with an intense, statesmanlike seriousness about the business of being alive. - Tim Martin\nTo be cheerful in this world one must have a strong sense of reality. - Marty Rubin\nThe most important lesson that I have learned is to trust God in every circumstance. Lots of times we go through different trials and following God's plan seems like it doesn't make sense at all. God is always in control and he will never leave us. - Allyson Felix\nIt used to be that a novel would put you among people, tell you a story or stories, give you some sense of what it might be like to see a different cut-out and perspective of the world: as a schoolteacher, an adulteress, the wife of a member of Parliament, an officer, a cockroach. - Michael Hofmann\nThat sense of entitlement is precisely where we want them because the right to happiness is directly opposed to one of The Adversary’s greatest curatives —gratitude. - Geoffrey Wood\nHaving a sense of purpose is having a sense of self. A course to plot is a destination to hope for. - Bryant McGill\nA good sense of humour combined withself-distance always make the world a better place. And my hundred-year-old, Allan Karlsson, would probably add a bottle of vodka to complete the picture. - Jonas Jonasson\nMind is greedy. When you sense the benefits with people who previously thought rubbish about you, the mind forgoes those thoughts and inclines toward those people only to gain optimal benefits. - Ashish Patel\nI have plentyof common sense! I just choose to ignore it. - Bill Watterson\nstand often in the company of dreamers: they tickle your common sense & believe you can achieve things which are impossible. - Mary Anne Radmacher\nJust do what makes sense. - Jill Telford\nIf inanimate objects are left to stand in their world, and are not invited out to mingle with our sense of self, they will quietly console and delight us. But to bind possessions up closely with the mind is less than fair to both. - Kennedy Fraser\nInspiration works on the same sense as humans, quite generous yet impatient. When it calls, better respond there and then or it moves shop. - Unarine Ramaru\nNudists have no fashion sense.\nNever let the sense of past failure defeat your next step.\nIn a world of diversity, and cultural differences... there's no such thing as 'common' sense. - Carla VanKoughnett\nWe are stimulated to emotional response, not by works that confirm our sense of the world, but by works that challenge it. - Joyce Carol Oates\nHunting has opened the earth to me and let me sense the rhythms and hierarchies of nature. - Charles Fergus\nIf I were surrounded by people who always approved of me, I wouldn’t need such a deep relationship with my own sense of right and wrong. And you know what that means? It means that other people’s approval is actually a hindrance, more than a helper, when it comes to self-discovery. - Vironika Tugaleva\nAn unhurried sense of time is in itself a form of wealth. - Bonnie Friedman\nYour success can’t be measured by anyone else. You have to set your own goals and do what gives you a sense of fulfillment. - Rhondra O. Willis\nRationality and common sense never goes out of fashion. - Amit Kalantri\nEvery book you've ever read on LEADERSHIP will finally make sense (and become practical) if you change the word \"leader\" to INFLUENCER. - Richie Norton\nShe'd never tolerated deception regarding her strong opinions--that much was true. But wasn't it also true that when it came to trying to please in matters that weren't crucial to her, that didn't compromise her sense of things, she had been dishonest? - Natalia Sanmartín Fenollera\nNever lose your sense of common sense. - Debasish Mridha\n...co-rumination: the problem of talking too much about anything. Specifically,... when girls rehash their problems excessively, it leads to depression, anxiety, and a sense of hopelessness. - Levine, Irene S.\nThe very way that you think is a crucial component to your overall health and well being. Living towards the negative will only foster conflict and a sense of lack, while living towards the positive will create more opportunity for you to experience harmony and abundance. - Gary Hopkins\nOnly a writer who has the sense of evil can make goodness readable. - E.M. Forster\nIf you were food, you would be corn. I dont know why, i just sense corn in you. - Lizbeth Mori\nThere are many aspects to success; material wealth is only one component. ...But success also includes good health, energy and enthusiasm for life, fulfilling relationships, creative freedom, emotional and psychological stability, a sense of well-being, and peace of mind. - Deepak Chopra\nSaying \"thank you\" signifies sense of gratitude, but it also implies your incapability. - Amit Kalantri\nOur sole purpose on this earth is to add value to others. It doesn’t make sense to just exist in people's lives or to be a drain on them, does it? - Rob Liano\nWords only make sense when the person who says them means a lot. - Christian\nTo safeguard democracy the people must have a keen sense of independence, self-respect and their oneness, and should insist upon choosing as their representatives only such persons as are good and true. - Mahatma Gandhi\nThe pendulum of the mind alternates between sense and nonsense, not between right and wrong. - Carl Jung\nAlways let your talent and tenacity do the talking. Never your tantrums or sense of self righteousness or entitlement. For it is your talent and tenacity that will carve out, shape and seal your possibilities and destiny. - Rasheed Ogunlaru\nHelping yourself is common sense, helping others is virtue, helping yourself and others is enlightenment. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nThe characters act for reasons that they can’t control and, as readers, we have to believe in their motivations, their sense of choice and in the reality of their suffering, even though, deep down, we know it’s all just puppetry on the part of the writer. - Johnny Rich\nHistory does not usually make real sense until long afterward. - Bruce Catton\nIt's asking a great deal that things should appeal to your reason as well as your sense of the aesthetic. - W. Somerset Maugham\nTalk sense to a fool and he calls you foolish. - Euripides\nSelf-respect is the fruit of discipline; the sense of dignity grows with the ability to say no to oneself. - Rabbi Abraham Heschel\nWhat you feel is making sense could really be dramatized nonsense. So think again. - Debasish Mridha\nThought means life, since those who do not think so do not live in any high or real sense. Thinking makes the man. - Amos Bronson Alcott\nLife makes a lot of sense When we consider how little sense death makes\nCommon sense is one of the most unused commodities available to man. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nFriendship grows from a caring heart with sense and sensibilities. - Debasish Mridha\nI imagine many of my fans share a similarly chaotic feeling in their own lives. This album 'ARTPOP was written to make sense of that chaos. - Lady Gaga", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9628236889839172}
+{"content": "Fostering an \"Open-Source\" Culture at Work\n\nFostering an \"Open-Source\" Culture at Work\n\nEven if you're working an entirely closed-source codebase, the chances are high that you're pulling in an open-source project. The popularity of Sass, jQuery, and many others speaks to how well open-source works, when done right.\n\nBut the truth is, these projects face the same troubles that many workplaces struggle with. How do they encourage contributions when most contributors only have a few minutes to spare? How do they manage to collaborate on a codebase when everyone lives in a different city and works on different teams? How do they get developers to RTFM?\n\nWhile not everyone project can be open-source, all of them can benefit from taking an \"open-source\" approach. In this talk, we'll look at how to foster a codebase and a culture that's open and encouraging to everyone. We'll cover what works and what surprisingly doesn't, all in an effort to foster a more open, maintainable and friendly project.\n\nSlides from CSSDevConf presentation\n\n\nKevin Lamping\n\nOctober 27, 2015", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9253623485565186}
+{"content": "My Boulay\nMN 952.893.9320\nFL 239.325.1100\n\n\nBoulay provides administrative, operational, and special project assistance to over 80 wholesale and retail distributors. We help them with:\n\nOffering audit, review and compilation services tailored to meet financial reporting needs, personal financial statement preparation for key individuals to improve surety and banking relationships and increase bonding capacity, job and equipment cost evaluations for equipment purchase or lease decisions, and contract review and analysis.\n\nAnalyzing the cost components of a real estate project by segregating costs for depreciation purposes as personal property, land improvements or building.\n\nDetermine the most beneficial LIFO method, value LIFO inventories, and analyze financial reporting income tax effects of LIFO inventory decisions.\n\nAssess procedures and practices through the entire supply chain and assist in developing and implementing improvements where needed.\n\nEnsures accountability and minimize the risk of inventory loss.\n\nDetermine distribution costs to include (capitalize) in the value of ending inventories for compliance with IRS regulations.\n\nPreparation of tax returns, representation and assistance in tax examination, business transaction planning, consulting on the acquisition, sale or liquidation of a business and income tax consequences, joint venture structure analysis and implementation, estate and succession planning.\n\n\nWholesale Distribution Focus", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999651312828064}
+{"content": "Nick Shore\n\n専門分野: Laywer then after Teacher\n\n教師経験: My teaching career started by volunteering whilst travelling South America. After that I became a TEFL qualified teacher. Which lead me into teaching in various schools and community centres around Colombia teaching people from 4 -60 years old. I was the primary teacher in a Colombia classroom for a year teaching English. Now, I teach Chinese children English online, between the ages of 4-16 years old.\n\n興味: My passions outside of teaching are badminton, football and like good walk into the hills/mountains on the weekends. I also, like a good dance when I'm out, however I'm not the best at dancing.\n\n学歴: Bachelors Degree in Law and Business.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.987915575504303}
+{"content": "Fight Aging! Reports from the front line in the fight against aging. The science of healthy life extension. Activism and advocacy for longer, healthier lives. Wed, 12 Dec 2018 20:49:43 +0000 en-US hourly 1 The Merits of Attacking Cytomegalovirus Wed, 12 Dec 2018 20:49:43 +0000 Today's research results, published a few months ago, are one of a number of examples from recent years of a possible way to suppress or destroy persistent herpesviruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). These viruses cannot be effectively cleared from the body by the immune system; they remain latent to reemerge time and again. CMV itself is of particular interest because it is strongly implicated in the age-related dysfunction of the immune system. Research suggests that in old age an unsustainable fraction of immune cells become devoted to CMV, and since the decline of the thymus and hematopoietic stem cells ensure that the supply of replacement immune cells is reduced to a trickle, too few capable immune cells remain to adequately address other threats.\n\nA range of studies provide evidence for people with greater exposure to CMV have a worse prognosis in later life, but it is far from clear as to whether (a) this is a burden that accumulates over time, and length of exposure is important, as studies of childhood adversity suggest, or (b) the burden arrives near entirely in later life, despite life-long infection with CMV, and requires some initial decline in immune function to start the process in earnest. The interesting question is whether it is worth trying to clear CMV from the body, given that it is largely harmless to young people, or whether the real target is the damage done to the immune system.\n\nThat damage, in the form of too many specialized immune cells and too low a rate of generation of new immune cells, will remain in effect even if CMV can be banished from the body of an older individual. The deficits of the aged immune system will have to be addressed via other approaches, such as targeted removal of CMV-specialized cells and regeneration of thymus and hematopoietic stem cells to restore a more youthful supply of new immune cells. Achieving those goals may well make CMV irrelevant. That said, it is worth considering getting rid of CMV might be more or less effective as a way to improve health in later life depending on when and how rapidly the consequent immune damage emerges.\n\nScientists Find a New Way to Attack Herpesviruses\n\nHuman cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects and transplant failures. As it's evolved over time, this virus from the herpes family has found a way to bypass the body's defense mechanisms that usually guards against viral infections. Until now, scientists couldn't understand how it manages to do so. Normally, when a virus enters your cell, that cell blocks the virus's DNA and prevents it from performing any actions. The virus must overcome this barrier to effectively multiply. To get around this obstacle, cytomegalovirus doesn't simply inject its own DNA into a human cell. Instead, it carries its viral DNA into the cell along with proteins called PP71. After entering the cell, it releases these PP71 proteins, which enables the viral DNA to replicate and the infection to spread.\n\n\"The way the virus operates is pretty cool, but it also presents a problem we couldn't solve. The PP71 proteins are needed for the virus to replicate. But they actually die after a few hours, while it takes days to create new virus. So how can the virus successfully multiply even after these proteins are gone?\" The researchers found that, while PP71 is still present in the cell, it activates another protein known as IE1. This happens within the first few hours of the virus entering the cell, allowing the IE1 protein to take over after PP71 dies and continue creating new virus. To confirm their findings, the team created a synthetic version of the virus that allowed them to adjust the levels of the IE1 proteins using small molecules.\n\n\"We noticed that when the IE1 protein degrades slowly, as it normally does, the virus can replicate very efficiently. But if the protein breaks down faster, the virus can't multiply as well. So, we confirmed that the virus needs the IE1 protein to successfully replicate.\" The new study could lead to a new therapeutic target to attack cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses.\n\nFeedback-mediated signal conversion promotes viral fitness\n\nA fundamental signal-processing problem is how biological systems maintain phenotypic states (i.e., canalization) long after degradation of initial catalyst signals. For example, to efficiently replicate, herpesviruses (e.g., human cytomegalovirus, HCMV) rapidly counteract cell-mediated silencing using transactivators packaged in the tegument of the infecting virion particle. However, the activity of these tegument transactivators is inherently transient - they undergo immediate proteolysis but delayed synthesis - and how transient activation sustains lytic viral gene expression despite cell-mediated silencing is unclear.\n\nUsing an HCMV mutant, we find that positive feedback in HCMV's immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein is of sufficient strength to sustain HCMV lytic expression. Single-cell time-lapse imaging and mathematical modeling show that IE1 positive feedback converts transient transactivation signals from tegument pp71 proteins into sustained lytic expression, which is obligate for efficient viral replication, whereas attenuating feedback decreases fitness by promoting a reversible silenced state. Together, these results identify a regulatory mechanism enabling herpesviruses to sustain expression despite transient activation signals - akin to early electronic transistors - and expose a potential target for therapeutic intervention.\n\n]]> 1\nLinking Impaired Autophagy to Changes in Polarization of Microglia in Aging Wed, 12 Dec 2018 11:22:02 +0000 The polarization of the immune cells known as macrophages and microglia is a topic of growing interest in the study of aging and age-related disease. A perhaps overly simplistic summary is that polarization describes the state and preferred activities of a macrophage or microglial cell, changing in response to signals and environment. The states of greatest interest are M1, inflammatory and aggressive in pursuit of pathogens, versus M2, a helper in tissue maintenance and regeneration. Both polarizations are necessary in the grand scheme of things, but in older individuals and in tissues affected by age-related disease, a an excess of M1 macrophages or microglia is a common theme. The result is a diminished capacity for regeneration and necessary processes of maintenance.\n\nToo great a number of M1 polarized cells ties in to the chronic inflammation of aging, as inflammatory signals provoke macrophages into this polarization. In this context, researchers are investigating a range of possible strategies to override polarization, forcing immune cells back into the M2 state. Another aspect of this issue is added here in an open access paper linking the quality of autophagy to polarization. Autophagy is the name given to a collection of cell maintenance processes responsible for breaking down and recycling damaged structures and proteins. That it would be linked to immune cell polarization is most interesting, as autophagic activity is known to decline with age. Increased autophagy is associated with increased longevity in a variety of interventions examined in laboratory species, such as calorie restriction. It remains to be seen how strong this relationship is in comparison to the relationship with inflammation, but it seems that they influence one another, and are not independent.\n\nNeuroinflammation and autophagy dysfunction are closely related to the development of neurodegeneration such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of autophagy in microglia polarization and neuroinflammation is poorly understood. TNF-α, which is highly toxic to dopaminergic neurons, is implicated as a major mediator of neuroinflammation in PD. In this study, we found that TNF-α resulted in an impairment of autophagic flux in microglia. Concomitantly, an increase of M1 marker expression and reduction of M2 marker expression were observed in TNF-α challenged microglia. Upregulation of autophagy via serum deprivation or pharmacologic activators (rapamycin and resveratrol) promoted microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype, as evidenced by suppressed M1 and elevated M2 gene expression, while inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA or Atg5 siRNA consistently aggravated the M1 polarization induced by TNF-α.\n\nMoreover, Atg5 knockdown alone was sufficient to trigger microglia activation toward M1 status. More important, TNF-α stimulated microglia conditioned medium caused neurotoxicity when added to neuronal cells. The neurotoxicity was further aggravated with Atg5 knockdown in cells, but alleviated given microglia pretreatment with rapamycin, suggesting that activation of AKT/mTOR signaling may contribute to the changes of autophagy and inflammation. Taking together, our results demonstrate that TNF-α inhibits autophagy in microglia through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and autophagy enhancement can promote microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype and inflammation resolution.\n\n\n]]> 4\nCan Peripheral Nervous System Regenerative Mechanisms be Introduced into the Central Nervous System? Wed, 12 Dec 2018 11:11:26 +0000 The nervous system in general is not particularly regenerative, but peripheral nervous system tissue is more capable of repair than central nervous system tissue. Focusing on neurons that link these two parts of the nervous system, researchers here report on mechanisms involved in repair of nervous system cells, and propose that it might be possible to make central nervous system cells act more like peripheral nervous system cells in this regard. Whether or not this can be achieved safely is another question, however; this is very early stage work, too early to answer many questions about safety and plausibility.\n\nNeurons in the central nervous system - the brain and spinal cord - and the peripheral nervous system are very similar except in their ability to regenerate. Researchers realized that studying peripheral neurons could help us understand why some damaged neurons regenerate and others do not. They turned to a unique kind of sensory cell that spans both nervous systems. Known as dorsal root ganglion neurons, these cells have long tendrils, called axons, with two offshoots. One branch of the axon connects to cells in the body's periphery and can regenerate if cut; the other side links up with cells in the spinal cord and cannot regrow after injury.\n\nThe researchers grew mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons in the lab and then cut them to find out what biological processes occur as the cells regrow their axons. They also cut the sciatic nerve - which runs up the leg and into the spinal cord through the dorsal root ganglia - in mice. The researchers then identified a suite of genes needed to be turned off for the axons to regenerate. \"Other people also have shown that a big swath of genes is turned down during regeneration, but as a field we've just said, 'Eh' and ignored them to focus on the genes that are activated. Here, we showed that establishing a regeneration program means some genes have to be turned on but a lot have to be turned off.\"\n\nIn particular, a set of genes related to sending and receiving chemical and electrical signals - the primary duty of mature neurons - had to be silenced for the injury to heal. \"The injured neuron has to stop functioning as a neuron and focus on repairing itself. This means the neuron has to transition back to an immature state so it can re-engage developmental programs and regrow.\" The idea that cells must become less mature in order to regenerate is not new, but the study provides evidence in support of that idea. The researchers identified the key molecular and genetic players involved in regressing to a less mature state, and showed that the timing of the regression was crucial to successful recovery. They are now working on developing a more detailed understanding of when and for how long specific genes must be shut off, and whether silencing the genes in neurons from the central nervous system will induce them to regrow after injury.\n\n\n]]> 0\nA Selection of Opposing Views on Cryonics Tue, 11 Dec 2018 21:11:16 +0000 Cryopreservation via a cryonics provider, such as Alcor or the Cryonics Institute in the US, is presently the only option available to the billions who will age to death prior to the advent of a comprehensive package of rejuvenation therapies. Sadly, it is not yet a well-developed industry, operating at scale. The technology exists to vitrify people immediately following clinical death, preserving the fine structure of brain tissue if the vitrification process is of sufficiently high quality, but very few people choose to take advantage of this opportunity. Every year, tens of millions go to oblivion rather than chose the better option. Given preservation, there is the chance of restoration to life in a more technologically advanced future. The odds of success are unknown, but any chance is better than the certain oblivion of any other end of life choice. The cost of cryopreservation is small, provided that preparations are made decades in advance, as it can be funded via life insurance.\n\nThe popular science article noted here presents an array of comments from people for and against cryonics as an endeavor, and captures most of the important divisions. There is the disagreement over whether sufficiently well performed vitrification can preserve the structures that encode the mind, which seems to me to be the case, given the evidence from experiments in nematodes. There is the debate over whether present practices actually constitute sufficiently well performed vitrification. Then there are those who think it is better to go to oblivion than to be restored in a new era, which I can't say I agree with at all. Finally there are those who will never be convinced by any amount of indirect evidence, such as the nematodes or reversible vitrification of whole organs for use in the transplant industry, and will be skeptics until the day that someone is restored to life.\n\nAs is the usual case in the popular press, the article title and commentary willfully substitutes \"frozen\" for \"vitrified\". These are two very different things. Only the earliest of the preserved individuals were frozen, and we can be rightfully skeptical that there is anything left to restore there. Freezing produces ice crystals that shred cell structures, such as the synapses where it is thought that memory is encoded. Vitrification, on the other hand, involves the use of cryoprotectants that minimize ice crystal formation, turning tissue into a glass-like state. Reversing this process will require advanced nanotechnologies, of a sort that can be envisaged today but will only arise many decades in the future at our current pace of development. For so long as the structure is preserved, then reversal remains a possibility, only waiting on the technical capability to do so.\n\nWill Cryopreserved People Ever Be Revived?\n\nDr. Joao Pedro de Magalhaes, Biologist at the University of Liverpool and coordinator of the UK Cryonics and Cryopreservation Research Network\n\nI'd say that with today's technology, cryonics severely damages the body's cells. Even under optimal conditions (i.e., the procedure starts right after death), there are several problems in cryonics. In particular, cryoprotectant agents have toxic effects on human tissues with prolonged exposure. Vitrifying large organs like the brain can also result in fractures due to different cooling rates in different parts. Under non-optimal conditions (i.e., if a significant time elapses between death and being cryopreserved) much more damage can occur because cells start to die, and brain cells in particular start to die within minutes after cardiac arrest, due to lack of nutrients and oxygen (called ischemia). Therefore, it will take huge scientific advances in areas like tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to make cryopreserved individuals alive and healthy again. As such, I would say that the chances of cryopreserved individuals ever be revived is low but not impossible. And then the argument is that the worse possible outcome of being cryopreserved is to remain dead, so cryonics gives you a chance of future revival that will not happen if you are buried or cremated.\n\nMark Kline, Co-Founder and CTO, X-Therma Inc., a company improving cold storage of stem cells, tissues, and whole organs\n\nThe hardest thing to solve is: how do you freeze things without damaging them? You mix in all these cryoprotectants - like antifreeze for your car, but geared towards biology - in an effort to prevent ice formation within the cells and tissues. But you need to drastically lower the temperature - down to about -196 degrees C, liquid nitrogen temperature. Preventing ice formation at that temperature, throughout a very large tissue, is very, very difficult. So there's the chemistry problem (preventing ice), the biology problem (tissue damage, connection damage), the physics problem (how do you evenly cool something as large as an organ? And how do you warm it up evenly afterwards, without damaging it?). I think there are much more imminent applications for cryopreservation, like organ preservation. Preserving organs has a high-value impact for the medical system, and also is much more feasible than preserving a whole body. You can save many, many lives with organ preservation.\n\n\n\nDennis Kowalski, President, Cryonics Institute\n\nThe scientifically correct answer is that we do not know, since no one knows the future and what will be possible. However, that is why some people have signed up to preserve their bodies at liquid nitrogen temperatures in hopes that future technology and medicine will be able to answer that very question. New technologies moving forward might mean advanced, AI-guided stem cell therapies that regenerate tissues that have been damaged by aging, freezing, or death itself. Technologically we are advancing at an exponential pace, and this means that things considered impossible even a few decades ago will become reality.\n\nCathal O'Connell, Researcher in 3D bioprinting and biofabrication at BioFab3D, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne\n\nAll signs point to no. The freezing-down process is critical. Doing this in a way that preserves cell function - especially regarding connectivity in the human brain - is way beyond our current capabilities. Unfortunately, everyone who has ever been frozen so far is essentially turned to mush. These people will never be revived. Cryonics in its current form is more of a religion than a science. Rather than a divine entity, its followers place their faith in technological progress. The ability of some organisms to survive freezing is a sign from nature that what cryonics promises might one day be possible. But getting there will require a massive investment - billions of dollars, thousands of scientists, decades of research. Without a clear economic incentive, that investment is not forthcoming. As my old professor says, a vision without funding is hallucination.\n\nRalph Merkle, Director of Alcor Life Extension Foundation, the world's leading cryonics organization\n\nThe short version is: many of the patients at Alcor will likely be revived sometime this century. Had you asked a random person in 1940 if flight to the moon was possible, you'd likely have been told \"no.\" If asked why, a typical answer was \"because there's no air to push against in space.\" This scientific-sounding but totally false objection was infamous among knowledgeable scientists, and was the basis for the New York Times' 1920 editorial denouncing Robert Goddard. Yet those knowledgeable about space flight had been forecasting flight to the moon for decades before the event. Similarly, those knowledgeable about nanomedicine have also been forecasting the revival of cryopreserved patients for decades, and those forecasts are likewise based on a sound assessment of physical law. Until the structures in the brain that encode our memories and personality have been so obliterated that they cannot in principle be inferred and restored to a functional state, you are not dead. This information theoretic criterion of death is obviously much more difficult to meet than current legal or medical definitions, hence the belief that cryopreserved patients are not actually dead.\n\nMichael Hendricks, Canada Research Chair in Neurobiology and Behaviour and Assistant Professor of Biology at McGill University and wrote \"The False Science of Cryogenics\" for the MIT Technology Review\n\nIf you mean people who have already had their brains, heads, or bodies cryogenically stored after death (or are doing so with current technology): no, they will never be revived. They are dead, and will remain dead forever. Will it ever be possible to store a dead person (or a dead person's brain) in such a way that they can be revived? Almost certainly not. Look at the world. The only good thing we still reliably do for future generations is get out of their way. Let's not take that away from them too... they will have their hands full with all the horrific problems we've left them because of our selfishness and greed. We shouldn't making them responsible for keeping our bodies cold, too.\n\n]]> 13\nTelomerase Activity and Telomere Length Show a Greater Increase After Endurance Training versus Resistance Training Tue, 11 Dec 2018 11:22:07 +0000 These days a fair amount of scientific work is aimed at quantifying the benefits of various different approaches to exercise. The research here is an example of the type, and compares endurance training (aerobic activity) versus resistance training (to build strength). The authors looked at measures of telomerase activity and telomere length in white blood cells obtained from a few hundred volunteers who carried out different programs of training. Some groups showed greater gains than others.\n\nThis should not be taken as robust evidence for effects on aging, as firstly this is more an assessment of immune system activity than of the state of the body as a whole, and secondly telomere length is a truly terrible measure of aging. It correlates very poorly with aging in all but the largest groups. All this really tells us is that aerobic activity fires up the immune system more readily than resistance training. It is known that both aerobic and resistance exercise affect aging, and in different ways, but this study isn't the way to usefully quantify those influences.\n\nOur DNA is organised into chromosomes in all the cells in our bodies. At the end of each chromosome is a repetitive DNA sequence, called a telomere, that caps the chromosome and protects its ends from deteriorating. As we grow older, the telomeres shorten and this is an important molecular mechanism for cell aging, which eventually leads to cell death when the telomere are no longer able to protect the chromosomal DNA. The process of telomere shortening is regulated by several proteins. Among them is the enzyme telomerase that is able to counteract the shortening process and can even add length to the telomeres.\n\nResearchers enrolled 266 young, healthy but previously inactive volunteers and randomised them to six months of endurance training (continuous running), high intensity interval training (warm-up, followed by four bouts of high intensity running alternating with slower running, and then a final cool down of slower running), resistance training (circuit training on eight machines, including back extension, crunch, pulldown, seated rowing, seated leg curl and extension, seated chest press and lying leg press), or to an unchanged lifestyle (the control group).\n\nThe participants who were randomised to the three forms of exercise undertook three 45-minutes sessions a week, and a total of 124 completed the study. The researchers analysed telomere length and telomerase activity in white blood cells in blood taken from the volunteers at the start of the study, and two to seven days after the final bout of exercise six months later. Telomerase activity was increased two- to three-fold and telomere length was increased significantly in the endurance and high intensity training groups compared to the resistance and control groups.\n\nPrevious research has shown that longer telomeres and increased telomerase activity are associated with healthy aging. However, this is the first prospective, randomised controlled study of the effects of different forms of exercise on these two measurements of cellular aging. A possible mechanism that might explain why endurance and high intensity training could increase telomere length and telomerase activity is that these types of exercise affect levels of nitric oxide in the blood vessels, contributing to the changes in the cells.\n\n\n]]> 0\nEvidence for Pyrophosphate to be the Primary Inhibitor of Vascular Calcification Tue, 11 Dec 2018 11:11:51 +0000 This open access commentary notes the evidence to suggest that therapies based on raised levels of pyrophosphate in blood vessel walls to reduce age-related calcification. The mineralization of blood vessel walls through deposition of calcium, calcification, is one of the mechanisms that contributes to vascular stiffness with age. It impairs the ability of blood vessels to contract and relax as they should. This is a serious issue, as it breaks the feedback mechanisms that control blood pressure, leading to hypertension, vascular disease, and heart failure as heart muscle grows and weakens.\n\nFrom my point of view, the work here is an excellent example of the wrong way to go about addressing the issues of aging. Researchers note that a process runs awry with aging, so they analyze the dysfunctional and normal operation of the process to find the proteins that regulate it. Then treatment involves finding ways to safely adjust levels of those proteins, overriding their state in older individuals to try to force the process to deliver better outcomes. As the last half century has demonstrated, it is possible to produce marginal, incremental gains at great expense and a high rate of failure via this strategy. The most impressive results involve methods of overriding our biology to reduce blood cholesterol, blood pressure, and inflammation.\n\nBut incremental results are all that can be achieved this way. It is a strategy that completely ignores the cause of the issue. Aging results from forms of cell and tissue damage, and then spirals out through a long and complex and poorly understood chain of consequences. Senescent cells - and the chronic, systemic inflammation that they produce - appear to bias cells in blood vessel walls towards deposition of calcium, for example. But senescent cells cause a wide range of other issues. Trying to override cell behavior in the narrow case of calcification while failing to remove senescent cells leaves those errant cells free to contribute to all of the other issues of aging. You can't force a damaged machine to function as though it were undamaged. There is no future in that approach to aging. The research community must look to causes and repair of damage rather than continuing this expensive, marginal, ultimately futile business of trying to override cell behavior, one tiny fraction of aging at a time.\n\nVascular calcification is associated with physiological aging and is characterized by the deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the aortic media and/or intima, usually as hydroxyapatite, the main component of bone. Vascular calcification reduces aortic and arterial compliance and elastance, hampering cardiovascular system function. It is linked to poor clinical outcomes and contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Because tissue mineralization may occur at normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate, regulatory mechanisms exist to limit this process to bone and cartilage. Several endogenous inhibitors of vascular calcification have been identified, including the matrix Gla protein, fetuin A, osteopontin, and pyrophosphate.\n\nPyrophosphate is a potent inhibitor of calcium-phosphate crystal formation and growth. Vascular tissue mineralization occurs when the synthesis of vascular calcification inhibitors is impaired or when the formation of calcium-phosphate crystals is enhanced, for example, by hyperphosphatemia, the main risk factor for vascular calcification. Despite findings showing that hyperphosphatemia triggers vascular calcification, the effects of hyperphosphatemia on extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism remain unclear. A recent study investigated pyrophosphate metabolism in the context of phosphate-induced vascular calcification. It was found that calcification is a passive process that can be actively prevented by pyrophosphate.\n\nThe main conclusion of this new study was that high phosphate concentrations resulted in the increased synthesis of pyrophosphate over time. Moreover, the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate was found to decrease during early stages, but increase during later stages, of hyperphosphatemia. Although overall pyrophosphate production is higher during hyperphosphatemia, it was not sufficient to block calcium-phosphate deposition. A growing body of evidence suggests that pyrophosphate is the predominant endogenous inhibitor of vascular calcification. The results of this study, along with previous findings, suggest that induction of pyrophosphate synthesis may be an easy and effective therapeutic strategy to inhibit vascular calcification associated with aging and other pathological conditions.\n\n\n]]> 1\nA Few Recent Conference Reports from the Aging Research Community Mon, 10 Dec 2018 21:46:14 +0000 There are more than enough conferences focused on aging and the treatment of aging these days to collectively be called a conference circuit, I think. A researcher in the field of aging could find two or more scientific events every month to attend, and the business side of conference hosting is catching up. I had to give up noting every event of interest a number of years ago for the sake of space, and I know of at least one individual who provides a service to the community by maintaining what is becoming quite a lengthy calendar of conferences.\n\nThat there are more conferences rather than fewer conferences is a sign of health for the field. When people hold conferences, they do so because there is a sizable scientific or professional organization with the funds to spare, or because a for-profit conference host sees an opportunity to make a profit by providing a conference series as a service to the community. As a rough metric of growth, it is helpful. A field with twenty conferences in a year is better funded and moving more rapidly than one with two.\n\nToday I'll point out a small selection of reports that cover conferences held earlier this year. While looking through these, consider that next year will start off much the same way. There is a good selection of longevity-related conferences and meetings early next year: Longevity Therapeutics, a number of other investor-focused events running alongside the big JP Morgan healthcare conference in San Francisco, the Longevity Leaders event in London, and of course Undoing Aging 2019 in Berlin at the end of the first quarter.\n\nA Summary of the 5th Annual Aging and Drug Discovery Forum 2018\n\n\"Why do we age?\"; \"Can we intervene in the aging process?\"; and if so, what approaches should aging science take to transform research into viable therapeutic interventions to improve public health? Understanding the mechanisms of aging will be of vital importance to answering these questions. However, several obstacles stand in the way of generating efficacious and safe interventions that extend the period of healthy life. At the 5th Annual Aging and Drug Discovery Forum which was held during the Basel Life Congress, Basel, Switzerland, September 12-13, 2018, leading aging experts from academia and industry came together to discuss top issues in aging research. Here, we provide a brief overview of the presented results and discussion points.\n\nA Report from the 2018 International Society on Aging and Disease Conference\n\nThe International Society on Aging and Disease (ISOAD) recently held its third international conference in Nice, France, bringing together researchers - and longevity activists - from around the world. Prof. Gilson founded the Ircan Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice in 2012. \"It was perhaps the first institute that specifically aimed to couple the themes of aging and cancer in the same laboratory, even if the links between them had been known to some extent. That was its originality. We've laid the foundations - to have the expertise, the right people, the right models - and I think we're going to have important answers for the role of telomeres in aging and, more generally, cellular senescence, which is the favorite current target of a lot of pharmaceutical or fundamental research that we are revisiting via our original models.\"\n\nThoughts on the 2018 Eurosymposium on Healthy Ageing\n\nWhen I first learned about the possibility of achieving human rejuvenation through biotechnological means, little did I know that this would lead me to meet many of the central figures in the field during a conference some seven years later - let alone that I would be speaking at the very same event. Yet, I've had the privilege to attend the Fourth Eurosymposium on Healthy Ageing (EHA) held in Brussels on November 8-10, an experience that gave me a feel of just how real the prospect of human rejuvenation is. The first day of the conference was basically a journey into the world of cellular senescence: methods of targeting senescent cells, the SASP, drug delivery systems, and so forth; however, other topics, such as the extracellular matrix, transcriptomics, and stem cells, were also discussed. A great deal more researchers and other people otherwise involved in the community were present on the first morning than there were at the pre-conference meeting; the peak was probably during the second day, which saw a wider variety of topics, including genomics, DNA repair, bioinformatics, and the first panel of the conference.\n\n]]> 4\nEffective Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Requires Targeting the Mechanisms of Aging Mon, 10 Dec 2018 11:22:40 +0000 These days, an ever larger fraction of the research community is waking to the idea that the effective treatment of age-related disease requires approaches that target the mechanisms of aging. This is a good thing, as it begins to narrow the scope of advocacy within the research community to the task of steering scientists towards better rather than worse ways of going about targeting the mechanisms of aging. It remains the case that most of the better supported lines of work related to aging are, in effect, very challenging ways to produce only small benefits at the end of the day - most researchers are working on methods of slightly slowing aging rather than methods of outright rejuvenation.\n\nAttempts to develop calorie restriction mimetics or other therapies capable of upregulating stress responses and cellular maintenance processes are a good example of the type, and they are much on display in this open access paper (currently available in PDF format only), alongside other targets that, while not being root causes of aging, are thought of as being significant enough in the progression of disease to merit effort. While goals such as suppression of chronic inflammation and overriding the dysfunction of vascular cells are seductive, in the sense that many near-term approaches are viable, this sort of work still leaves the underlying causes of aging untouched, and is thus limited in the benefits it can provide.\n\nGeroscience is a multidisciplinary field that examines the relationship between biological aging and age-related diseases. The Trans-NIH Geroscience Interest Group Summit discussed 7 processes that contribute to biological aging: macromolecular damage, epigenetic changes, inflammation, adaptation to stress, and impairments in proteostasis, stem cell regeneration, and metabolism. Intriguingly, these 7 processes are highly intertwined with one another. Thus, targeting the common biological processes of aging may be an effective approach to developing therapies to prevent or delay age-related diseases.\n\nBiological aging is the leading risk factor for the major debilitating chronic diseases of old age that cause morbidity and mortality, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Drugs that treat fundamental biological mechanisms of aging have been proposed to be useful for most prevalent chronic diseases of aging. In fact, many repurposed drugs are used to treat other age-related diseases. Despite over 75 years of accumulated research on biological aging, the current drug development pipeline is dominated by therapeutics targeting amyloid-β and tau, and there has been proportionately less translation of biological gerontology into our efforts to develop drugs for AD.\n\nNevertheless, aging biology provides numerous novel targets for new drug development for AD. Because of the multifaceted nature of biological aging, it is unlikely that drugs addressing a single target will be very successful in effectively treating AD. Nevertheless, single drug clinical trials may be needed to demonstrate incremental benefits, even if modest, before combination trials can be pursued. As interventions that target one aberrant system tend to also attenuate others, ultimately, combination therapies that target multiple age-related dysfunctions may produce synergistic activities.\n\nCombination therapies are already the standard of care for other diseases of aging, including heart disease, cancers, and hypertension, and will likely be necessary in treating AD and other dementias. And because the same biological aging mechanisms underpin the common diseases of aging, repurposing drugs already on the market is a rational strategy for testing new therapies for AD and related dementias, including the sporadic forms of frontotemporal dementia and vascular dementia. Novel therapeutics for new and relevant targets will clearly also be needed.\n\nIn addition to combination therapies, addressing the multifaceted nature of the relationship between biological aging and AD with drugs possessing pleiotropic effects (simultaneously producing more than one effect) will be advantageous. Many effective drugs act on multiple targets while single-targeted approaches seldom progress to the final stages of clinical trials. For example, statins are widely used to lower cholesterol levels in patients with dyslipidemia, but statins also have pleiotropic effects that are independent of their effects on cholesterol, including improved endothelial function, inhibition of vascular inflammation, stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, and immunomodulation. To effectively treat AD, pleiotropic drugs may need to hit the right nodes of relevant biological networks affected by aging such that they positively influence those networks and interconnected pathways.\n\nFinally, a parsimonious approach to drug discovery and development with regard to translating knowledge from biological aging to AD is needed. For example, due to the plethora of misfolded proteins that accumulate with aging in the brain, biologics that attempt to address a single misfolded protein may be far less efficacious than drugs that enhance autophagy and clearance of all misfolded proteins. Similarly, age-related inflammation, vascular disease, epigenetic dysregulation, mitochondrial/metabolic dysfunction, and synaptic failure may be upstream causes of neuronal dysfunction and death leading to the classic pathologic hallmarks that have been historically among the first drug targets in AD. A better understanding and translation of the systemic, cellular, and molecular processes of biological aging that precede and increase vulnerability to AD will help identify new strategies and therapeutic targets for drug discovery and development.\n\n\n]]> 2\nThe Challenges of Xenotransplantation Mon, 10 Dec 2018 11:11:25 +0000 Xenotransplantation from genetically engineered pigs to humans is one of the potential approaches that is hoped to provide an arbitrarily large supply of replacement organs. Whether or not this becomes a sizable industry depends on how long it takes for competing researchers to complete the alternative route of generating patient-matched new organs from cell samples. While the production of small functional organoids from patient samples is a going concern, the construction of entire organs continues to be held back by the inability to reliably generate the intricate blood vessel networks that are needed to supply large tissue sections. Not that xenotransplantation is without challenges, as this article illustrates. The problems are largely discovered by running into them, as researchers continue the process of testing transplants between pigs and baboons.\n\nEven though humans can give their hearts to compatible persons with little more than a side of immunosuppressants, cross-species transplantation is not so straightforward. More than 60 percent of attempts to replace a baboon's heart with that of a pig ended in the recipients dying within two days. Two important developments pumped hope into the field over the past few years. First, researchers began using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to remove parts of the pig genome that might harm humans or provoke an immune response. Then in 2016 researchers took this further by showing baboons could survive with a genetically engineered pig heart implanted into their abdomens for nearly 1,000 days - if the baboon was on a certain cocktail of immunosuppressants.\n\nFor the new work researchers wanted to see if the same genetically engineered pig hearts and immunosuppressant regime could support the life of a baboon. But the first five animals in the new study did not live long. Three died of heart failure almost immediately. It turns out porcine hearts are more vulnerable compared to human hearts. During the period between removal from a pig and implantation into a baboon the heart will sustain damage similar to that caused by a heart attack. Human hearts can often recover from this damage, but the pig hearts could not.\n\nSo researchers tried something new with another group of baboons and repeatedly immersed the pig hearts in an experimental nutrient solution for a couple of hours. The researchers think this formulation, originally designed to help transport human hearts long distances, might have helped keep the pig hearts from deteriorating too much. These baboons hung on for about a month before dying - this time because the pig hearts began swelling inside the monkeys' chests, eventually squeezing against the rib cages and failing. \"A pig grows to maturity within four months or so, but a baboon takes about 10 years to grow. So the pig heart was growing in the primate as if it was still in a pig. We were just astonished. Nobody had experienced this before - the heart grew like a tumor.\"\n\nIn the third group of baboons researchers added an immunosuppressant drug called temsirolimus, which could also stop the pig hearts' unwanted growth. With the exception of one baboon that died of mechanical heart failure 51 days after surgery, the transplant recipients in this group survived in good health until the researchers euthanized them at 90 or 180 days, an action required under the study protocol approved by officials. The study is invigorating xenotransplantation researchers who, after decades of sometimes dismal attempts, say human trials are finally in sight.\n\n\n]]> 1\n\n\nTo subscribe or unsubscribe please visit:\n\n\n  • Immune System Aging and its Contribution to Cardiovascular Disease\n  • The Current State of Therapeutic Development Involving Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells\n  • Longevity Science is Pretty Much Impenetrable for Journalists\n  • High Functioning Centenarians Have Longer Telomeres, More Telomerase Activity, and Better Measures of Immune Function\n  • Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Correlates with Self-Rated Health in Older Adults\n  • The Inflammasome in Aging\n  • Reducing Levels of Protein Manufacture Slows Measures of Aging in Nematodes\n  • All Sorts of Existing Data on Aging is Now Being Connected to Senescent Cells\n  • Manipulating Energy Generation in Kidney Cells Can Enhance Regeneration\n  • Cellular Senescence Contributes to Impaired Heart Regeneration\n  • The Debate over the Existence of Heart Stem Cells Continues\n  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Reduces Frailty in the Elderly\n  • An Epigenetic Signature that Matches the Majority of Cancers\n  • Questioning the Validity of Jeanne Calment's Age\n  • A Macrophage-Derived Factor from Young Mice Speeds Bone Regeneration in Older Mice\n\nImmune System Aging and its Contribution to Cardiovascular Disease\n\nToday's open access paper is a survey of the known ways in which the aged immune system contributes to disruption of function in the cardiovascular system. As the selected snippets illustrate, this is a relationship dominated by chronic inflammation. Raised and constant inflammation is characteristic of the systematic failure of the immune system in late life: it becomes both overactive and ineffective, and the consequent inflammation causes detrimental reactions in many important cell populations.\n\nIn the short term inflammation is useful, a necessary part of the response to infection and injury. When it runs without cease, however, the result is a loss of function in vital tissues - such as the vascular system - that ultimately proves fatal. For example, inflammation contributes to vascular stiffness by degrading the normal activities of smooth muscle cells. This causes hypertension, which in turn causes pressure damage to fragile tissue structures and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. The combination of hypertension and atherosclerosis later results in the catastrophic rupture of a stroke or heart attack.\n\nThus repairing the contributing causes of immune aging is an important goal for our broader rejuvenation biotechnology community. If achieved, restoration of more youthful immune function will produce significant benefits, but it is by no means a simple task. It will require at least four distinct research and development programs. Firstly, replace the hematopoietic stem cell population in the bone marrow, responsible for generating immune cells, and dampen the harmful signaling that suppresses stem cell function in the old body. Secondly, restore the thymus to youthful size and function. The thymus is where T cells of the adaptive immune system mature, and its age-related atrophy greatly impacts the quality of the immune system. Thirdly, clear out the damaged and malfunctioning immune cells that accumulate over a lifetime, using some form of targeted cell-killing technology. Lastly restore the structure and function of the lymphatic system, used by immune cells to coordinate the immune response.\n\nInflammation-Accelerated Senescence and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanisms and Perspectives\n\nThe pro-inflammatory drive observed with senescence, already defined as inflammaging, and the phenomenon of immunosenescence, which indicates an age-related decline in several immune functions, are multifactorial events of the older age. Growing evidence indicates that these events realize a self-perpetuating condition that favors the development of acute and chronic age-related diseases, spanning from increased susceptibility to infections, to cardiovascular (CV) and neurological diseases. CV diseases (CVD), in particular, are a leading cause of death even at older ages.\n\nViral infections are one of the triggers to DNA damage response activation. Herpes viruses exploit this mechanism to benefit their replication, thus providing a significant contribution to the accumulation of senescent cells that, in turn, facilitates the development of chronic age-related diseases. As an example, in a cohort of 511 individuals aged ≥65 years who were followed up for 18 years, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection showed an association with increased mortality, reduced life expectancy by a magnitude of about 3.7 years, and a near doubling of CV deaths.\n\nRecent evidence indicates intestinal microbial imbalance, i.e., dysbiosis, as another trigger to secondary sustained inflammatory responses related to the development of chronic/autoimmune diseases and cancer. A key feature of gut microbial changes with age is the reduced biodiversity, with increase in pathobionts and decreased health-promoting bacteria, such as bifidobacteria. This unbalance at the advantage of pathogenic microbial communities disrupts a fine mechanism of mucosal barrier integrity, where fermentation of starches and dietary fibers normally contributes to the production of mucus and lipid metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate), which modulate apoptosis and inflammation.\n\nFunctional and anatomical CV consequences of inflammaging/immunosenescence involve endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, the principal mediators of vascular damage that translates into hypertension and atherosclerosis, leading contributors to CVD. Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of vascular aging. With aging, oxidative and nitrative stress, as well as disruption of basic metabolic pathways, contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) following inflammatory stimuli determines their phenotypic transition from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype, which allows their migration from the vascular media to the intima and increases their capacity to generate extracellular matrix proteins, with consequent arterial wall thickening.\n\nInflammation-stimulated VSMCs can also transdifferentiate into an osteoblastic phenotype, enabling mineralization and calcium deposition in the arterial media, while the activation of matrix metalloproteinases determines degradation of elastin and collagen of the vessel wall. All these mechanisms contribute to the phenomenon of arterial stiffness.\n\nThe Current State of Therapeutic Development Involving Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells\n\nA little more than a decade has passed since the development of a simple cell reprogramming approach that reliably created pluripotent stem cells from ordinary somatic cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells. These stem cells are very similar, near identical in fact, to the embryonic stem cells that were previously the only reliable source of cells capable of forming any cell type in the body. Arguably the most important aspect of induced pluripotency is not the promise of the ability to generate patient-matched cells for regenerative therapies and tissue engineering of replacement organs, but rather that it is a low cost, robust procedure. It is easily adopted by any laboratory capable of basic cell biology operations, without the requirement of any complicated new knowledge or techniques. It thus spread very rapidly, and many labs were working on further development within a year or two of the first paper published on the topic.\n\nNonetheless, the highly regulated (and thus enormously expensive) process of clinical development proceeds at its own slow pace, no matter the ease or difficulty of the underlying technology. Trials of regenerative therapies based on induced pluripotency are taking place, but only in recent years, and only a few of them. Beyond the regulatory burden, this is also a symptom of a broader hold-up in stem cell therapies in general, in that the cells transplanted by the vast majority of first generation therapies do not survive and engraft in large numbers. Benefits are transient, achieved through the signals provided by the transplanted cells, rather than any other work accomplished by those cells. The research community is in the midst of establishing techniques to ensure that stem cells survive and then behave correctly in patient tissues, to not only deliver beneficial signals for the long term, but also provide a supply of daughter somatic cells to help restore lost tissue function. This second phase of stem cell therapies will be far more beneficial than the first, once underway in earnest.\n\nIncreasing Number of iPS Cell Therapies Tested in Clinical Trials\n\nIn a surgical procedure last month, neurosurgeons implanted 2.4 million cells into the brain of a patient with Parkinson's disease. The cells - derived from peripheral blood cells of an anonymous donor - had been reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then into dopaminergic precursor cells, which researchers hope will boost dopamine levels and ameliorate the patient's symptoms. The procedure is the most recent attempt by clinicians to test whether iPSCs can treat disease. In recent years, scientists have launched several clinical studies to examine their efficacy in heart disease and macular degeneration of the eye. And others are exploring ways to turn the cells into treatments for everything from endometriosis to spinal cord injury.\n\nSo far, only a handful of patients have undergone iPSC-based treatments. In 2014, a woman with macular degeneration of the eye received a transplant of iPSC-based retinal cells derived from her own cells. The woman treated showed no apparent improvement in her vision, \"but the safety of the iPSC-derived cells was confirmed.\" Last year, five patients were treated for the same eye condition with iPSC-derived retinal cells, which were taken from different donors. One of them patients developed a \"serious,\" but non-life-threatening, reaction to the transplant, forcing doctors to remove it. More clinical studies are underway. Next year, heart surgeons plan to implant sheets of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes into the hearts of three patients with heart disease, and other researchers hope to treat six more patients with Parkinson's disease by 2022. These are all in the earliest phases of testing.\n\nBy now, researchers have figured out how to coax iPSCs to grow into most known cell types. But to get these cells to take on the roles of mature cells in a new tissue environment is another issue. In the heart, for instance, researchers have found that new stem cells have to be electrically aligned with the other cells. How to integrate the new cells so they will survive in injured or diseased tissue is another question. \"Do you need a special matrix, a gel, a patch, an organoid, to ensure the success of these cells long term? These challenges are faced in all the organs.\"\n\nAnother concern researchers have frequently raised are the immunosuppressive drugs that patients require if the iPSCs are derived from cells other than the patient's own. The patient with Parkinson's, for instance, will be on immunosuppressants for a year, possibly making the patient less able to fight off infections and cancer. But despite the risks, many researchers have opted to use allogeneic stem cells - those from a donor - foremost because the approach will save time, cost, and labor when the time comes to scale up such treatments for commercialization. The possibility to create \"off the shelf\" iPSC therapies has also attracted industry, not just academics. For instance, Cynata Therapeutics recently concluded a Phase I trial using iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells to treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Conveniently, immune rejection isn't an issue with mesenchymal stem cells because they don't express the donor-specific antigens that trigger rejection.\n\nDeveloping off-the-shelf treatments is also vastly more cost effective than maturing iPSC-derived cells for individual patients. Personalized T-cell immunotherapies, two of which have been recently FDA-approved, can nearly 500,000 per patient. This is one reason why several groups are developing banks of iPSCs that can be used to develop regenerative therapies at scale. For instance, the Japanese government decided to put around 250 million towards developing an iPSC stock for biomedical research. The donors from whom these cells are derived were carefully selected with immune compatibility in mind: the bank is designed to encompass a diverse set of commonly present human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types, so that they are broadly representative of the majority of the population.\n\nLongevity Science is Pretty Much Impenetrable for Journalists\n\nToday I'll point out a recent media article that comments on RAADfest 2018, held in San Diego earlier this year. I attended this year, and wrote up my own thoughts on the event shortly thereafter. The advent of the first working, low cost, narrow focus rejuvenation therapies in the form of senolytic drugs capable of selectively destroying senescent cells is causing a sizable, but slow, shift of alignment and focus in both the scientific community and the historically fraud-ridden \"anti-aging\" marketplace. RAADfest is where these two communities meet, which makes it an interesting study if you have some insight into the history of scientific (useful) and non-scientific (useless) efforts to do something about aging. The great market of junk and nonsense that exists under the banner of \"anti-aging\" now has a viable product to sell. Will the good chase out the bad? That is what happened to medicine in general, once science took hold, compressing the fraud and the magical thinking to the edges of the field where they reside today. We can hope that it will happen here too. To the extent that participants presently marketing junk truly desire the goal of control over aging, then they will stop selling junk and start selling senolytics.\n\nThe article below is an anthropological commentary rather than consideration of the science, which is symptomatic of an issue I have noted before. Non-technical folk arriving from outside our community really cannot tell the difference between the three broad categories of (a) irrelevant non-scientific junk, (b) scientific approaches that might plausibly slightly slow down the aging process, and (c) scientific approaches that might plausibly produce rejuvenation, and are thus the road to radical life extension and control over aging. These are important distinctions, and few if any journalists working in the mainstream of media are equipped to tell the difference. The various ways of slowing aging and reversing aging are pitched in similar ways by entrepreneurs and scientists, and the non-scientific garbage is cloaked in the guise of science by marketing groups who cherry-pick and outright lie about evidence. So we get anthropological commentaries from the media, which is the journalistic way of noting that there is something going on, but that the authors have no idea what it might be or how to assess it.\n\nThe Death of Death\n\nMost of us grew up surrounded by normative clichés about our mortality: Life is short; death is the only constant; live each day like it's your last. What does it look like to live life as if there were no end - no such thing as burning out? More than 1,000 people, many of them adherents of the Scottsdale, Arizona-based immortalist group, People Unlimited, came to RAADfest to find out. The celebratory confab is organized by the Coalition for Radical Life Extension, a gaggle of fringe scientists, biotech start-ups, and immortality enthusiasts united in agreement that \"the deathist paradigm\" has to go, and that within most of our lifetimes, biological aging can be a thing of the past. In one way or another, each board member's career feeds off the advancement of age reversal science and the popularization of the immortalist ideology - be it via membership dues, supplement sales, or translating intrigue and research findings into investment funds.\n\nFor the most serious devotees, immortality-seeking is a full-time commitment to keeping abreast of the latest innovations - they speak of these \"modalities\" with the same reverence a Christian would of a blessing. A 250 billion industry of anti-aging products and services is there for the collection - and many of their offerings are for sale at RAADfest. An Australian named Ray Palmer was easing into his second hour hooked up to an IV coursing NAD+-replenishing fluid through his veins. The coenzyme's depletion is linked to aging and aging-related disease - a study re-upping the stuff in mice was found to make them livelier, more youthful, and more muscular. People at RAADfest were lined up to try it out. At the Stem Cell Institute booth, you could sign up for stem cell therapies delivered in Panama that, according to their purveyor, cured Mel Gibson's father of liver and kidney failure. A poster boy for the clinic, Hutton Gibson was wheelchair-bound when he came in and walking a month later, the audience was told.\n\nIf this all fails, there's the ultimate speculative investment: cryonic preservation. At the Alcor cryonics facility in Scottsdale, there are more than 160 preserved bodies. Another 1,200 are signed up to be put on ice and brought to the facility upon legal death, with most paying in advance via specialized life insurance policies. Bodies have been accumulating here since the 1970s, but none have been resurrected yet - the technology to do so doesn't exist, and no one knows if it ever will.\n\nIn recent years, the science moving through the research pipeline - much of it in mice - has shown potential in reversing cell senescence and aging-related damage, which, if effective in humans could, in theory, offer endless opportunities to turn back the clock. And perhaps, with the help of artificial intelligence, research into now-fringe therapies will be expedited to reach the gold standard of human clinical trials ever faster. Perhaps that data will be analyzed at warp speed, spurring FDA-approved drugs and driving prices down as they percolate into the mainstream, and, at long last, into the insurance policies of everyday folks. This is all a big maybe with no real time frame, but for people at RAADFest, it's less of a maybe now than they could have ever imagined.\n\nBill Faloon is a RAADfest fixture. The owner of Life Extension Foundation - the premier supplement retailer at RAADfest - is also a founder of the Florida-based Church of Perpetual Life. During one of many RAADfest talks, he pulled up a slide citing new research outlining the dangers of \"zombie-like\" senescent cells that spew harmful proteins, and the potential of senolytic drugs to curb the harm done - progress, but again, in mice. In an \"Age Reversal Guide,\" Faloon outlined a recommended course of senolytics and ways to obtain them via one of his websites. The audience was grateful - but despite senolytics' promise, according to mainstream scientific protocol, such enthusiasm is wildly premature without results from placebo-controlled human trials.\n\nBetween the ages of 70 and 90, medical expenses for the elderly increase more than twofold. An American who reaches her 90s will command more than 25,000 per year on average in care costs, much of that going to nursing homes. While there's little debate that the enormous burden of aging is a hallmark of our time, it's mainly regarded as an inevitability by most people and by uber-cautious federal agencies that fund research and green-light drugs. People Unlimited may represent the outer reaches of optimism around age reversal, but it's \"1,000 times closer to perfection\" than the contrary: a perverse acceptance of a tragic status quo, said Aubrey de Grey. The pot-stirring English gerontologist credits himself with shifting the conversation around aging in the 90s, from slowing aging to actually reversing it. \"When people say, 'Death gives meaning to life.' I mean. What. The. Fuck. What is that supposed to mean - you want your mother to get Alzheimer's?\" De Grey is baffled by \"the desperation to come up with fucked up crazy reasons to pretend that aging is some kind of blessing in disguise.\"\n\n\nToday I'll point out an open access paper in which the authors divide centenarians into two groups based on the degree of age-related dysfunction. They find that centenarians with comparatively lower levels of dysfunction also have longer telomere length and more telomerase activity in white blood cells taken from a blood sample. Further, aspects of their immune response that are not directly related to telomeres and telomerase also appear more capable.\n\nIn one sense this telomere length data is the expected result: telomere length is a measure of biological aging. When considered generally it is a measure of the burden of age-related molecular damage and consequent dysfunction, but when measured in white blood cells it is also to some degree a measure of the decline of the immune system. Less functional centenarians are clearly more physiologically aged than more functional centenarians, and therefore should exhibit shorter average telomere length.\n\nOn the other hand, telomere length in white blood cells is such a terrible measure of aging that finding no difference between the two groups would also be unsurprising. Over the years, a fair number of comparison studies have failed to find the expected differences in telomere length between study populations of differing health status. Telomere length as it is presently measured only reliably shows correlations with aging over very large study populations, averaging out the large short-term fluctuations resulting from health and environmental changes, and is certainly not much use as a marker for individual decision making in health matters.\n\nThus I would say that the more important data here is that directly relating to the immune response, rather than the telomere length results. The immune system is critical not just in defense against pathogens, but also in destroying errant and potentially harmful cells, as well as playing an important role in regeneration and tissue maintenance. When the immune system falters with age, declining into chronic inflammation and incapacity, a great many other functions decline with it.\n\nTelomere length and telomerase activity in T cells are biomarkers of high-performing centenarians\n\nIt is generally recognized that the function of the immune system declines with increased age and one of the major immune changes is impaired T-cell responses upon antigen presentation/stimulation. Some \"high-performing\" centenarians (100+ years old) are remarkably successful in escaping, or largely postponing, major age-related diseases. However, the majority of centenarians (\"low-performing\") have experienced these pathologies and are forced to reside in long-term nursing facilities.\n\nPrevious studies have pooled all centenarians examining heterogeneous populations of resting/unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). T cells represent around 60% of PBMC and are in a quiescent state when unstimulated. However, upon stimulation, T cells rapidly divide and exhibit dramatic changes in gene expression. We have compared stimulated T-cell responses and identified a set of transcripts expressed in vitro that are dramatically different in high- vs. low-performing centenarians.\n\nWe have also identified several other measurements that are different between high- and low-performing centenarians: (a) The amount of proliferation following in vitro stimulation is dramatically greater in high-performing centenarians compared to 67- to 83-year-old controls and low-performing centenarians; (b) telomere length is greater in the high-performing centenarians; and (c) telomerase activity following stimulation is greater in the high-performing centenarians. In addition, we have validated a number of genes whose expression is directly related to telomere length and these are potential fundamental biomarkers of aging that may influence the risk and progression of multiple aging conditions.\n\n\nMitochondria are the evolved descendants of ancient symbiotic bacteria. They act as the power plants of the cell, responsible for providing chemical energy store molecules (adenosine triphosphate, ATP) that power cellular operations. Each cell contains a herd of mitochondria, replicating like bacteria and culled by quality control mechanisms when they become damaged and dysfunctional. As a legacy of their ancient bacterial origins, mitochondria contain copies of a small circular genome, the mitochondrial DNA. This genome encodes the few important genes necessary for mitochondrial structure and function that have not migrated to the cell nucleus over the course of evolution.\n\nAs is the case for all cellular mechanisms and structures, this intricate set of nested systems falls apart with aging. Mitochondria become ragged and dysfunctional throughout the body, their ability to generate ATP declines, and energy-hungry tissues like the brain and muscles suffer for it. Further, mitochondrial DNA becomes damaged by oxidative molecules, and in a small fraction of cases that damage produces mitochondria that are both malfunctioning and resistant to quality control. These broken mitochondria take over cells, making the cells themselves dysfunctional, leading to the mass export of harmful oxididative molecules into tissues and the bloodstream.\n\nIn this context, the number of copies of mitochondrial DNA found in cells, the copy number, has been shown to correlate to several measures of aging. To start with, the copy number declines with age. Further, the copy number is associated with telomere length, and more importantly with frailty and mortality risk. More interestingly, researchers have demonstrated that artificially forcing an increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number slows vascular aging in mice. Copy number isn't quite a count of mitochondria, or quite an assessment of mitochondrial function, it should be noted - mitochondria tend to promiscuously pass around their component parts, and any given mitochondrion might well have multiple copies of its genome. But it is at least loosely related.\n\nIt remains to be determined as to whether this all boils down to delivery of ATP, and the consequences of too little ATP for cells to function to their full capacity, or whether a broader and more indirect set of mechanisms are involved. Biology is enormously complex, and simplicity in any aspect of it is usually only an illusion. The reality always turns out to be more layered, confusing, and contradictory than we'd like it to be. The research noted here presents another correlation between health and mitochondrial copy number to add to those noted above, but firm answers to the questions raised still lie ahead.\n\nAssociation of mitochondrial DNA copy number with self-rated health status\n\nThe role of the mitochondria has been receiving increasing attention in various health-related research supported by substantial evidence of a causative link between mitochondrial dysfunction and aging and health outcomes. Additionally, it is suggested that the link between inflammation and health conditions may be modulated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Since mitochondrial function is regulated by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, it has been proposed that variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), an understudied human genome compared to the nuclear genome, may also play an important role in these health conditions.\n\nAdditionally, mtDNA mutations are accumulated over a lifetime with several risk factors associated with adverse outcomes, such as smoking exposure, leading to a faster accumulation rate. mtDNA copy number has been suggested to be a link between risk factors and health outcomes. For example, the association between smoking and lung cancer may be explained by changes in mtDNA copy numbers, due to increased oxidative stress and increased somatic mtDNA mutations caused by smoking, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction.\n\nIn this study of 956 participants, we found that patients with higher mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood had better self-rated health independent of age. We also found that older patients had lower mtDNA copy numbers. Lastly, we found that men had lower mtDNA copy numbers than women. These findings are unique and differ from previous studies. These findings should continue to add to our understanding of the relationship of mtDNA copy number to self-rated health as well as the ongoing work on mtDNA and age and gender.\n\nThere has been limited previous work in determining the relationship between self-rated health and mtDNA copy number. In one previous study, 1067 combined peripheral blood samples were examined for such an association. The authors found a positive association between better self-rated health and higher mtDNA copy numbers. Our study provides further evidence of the relationship between lower self-rated health and lower mtDNA copy number.\n\nIn addition to this main finding, we found that older age was associated with lower mtDNA copy number. The relationship between age and mtDNA copy number depended upon the patient's sex. Previous studies, looking at different tissue types, also showed an age-related decline in mtDNA copy number, but the role of sex and mtDNA copy number differs in our study from previous studies. We found that men had a lower copy number than women. Biologically, the changes in the number of the mitochondria DNA with age may reflect an increase in both inflammation and oxidative stress. The oxidative stress from free radicals may be responsible for the aging process which is tied to the mitochondria.\n\nThe Inflammasome in Aging\n\nThe inflammasome is an important piece of molecular machinery in the processes that initiate the inflammatory response, vital in protecting the body from pathogens and in recovery from injury, at least for so long as it only lasts for a short time. The inflammasome is also associated with a form of programmed cell death related to inflammation, known as pyroptosis, and with the oxidative stress that occurs with aging. Researchers here investigate the inflammasome in the context of inflammation in later life.\n\nUnfortunately inflammation becomes chronic in old age, and the sweeping cellular changes of inflammation, optimized for short term operation, cause damage when constantly activated. This inflammation is a significant aspect of aging, seated somewhere in the middle of the long chains of cause and consequence that determine our aging biochemistry. It is produced by upstream molecular damage to cells and tissues, such as that leading to the accumulation of senescent cells and their inflammatory signals, and causes a wide range of downstream dysfunction and disruption.\n\nInflammation is a major factor in a myriad of diseases, and inflammaging is part of the normal process in an individual's life cycle. It has been previously shown that the inflammasome is a key contributor to the innate immune response seen in the aging population. We have previously shown that inflammasome signaling proteins are elevated in the brain of aged rats when compared to young. In this study, we extend these findings to show that NLRC4, caspase-1, ASC, and IL-18 are elevated in the cytosolic fraction of cortical lysates in the aged brain when compared to young. This suggests a role for the NLRC4 inflammasome in the innate immune response of the aging brain.\n\nWe have previously shown that the inflammasome-mediated cell death mechanism of pyroptosis occurs in cortical neurons. Here we show that pyroptosome formation as determined by oligomerization of the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC is evident in cortical and hippocampal lysates of the brain of aged mice when compared to young. These findings suggest that in the aging brain, there is a natural process of cell death that is in part mediated by the inflammasome, which is consistent with previous findings indicating that indeed in the aging brain there is a cell death process. Taken together, this highlights the potential for inflammasome-mediated naturally occurring cell death associated with inflammaging as a precursor to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.\n\nMost degenerative conditions are characterized by low-grade inflammation. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction is at the core of many diseases in addition to aging. The brain consumes about 20 to 25% of the body's total energy. Thus it is an organ that undergoes major metabolic demands. Most of this energy is spent in the process of neurotransmission and is spent by mitochondria. As we age, mitochondrial electron transport chain function declines, as the production of free radicals increases.\n\nIn this study, we show that ASC is elevated in the mitochondrial fraction of the cortex and hippocampus of aged mice when compared to young, consistent with previous reports indicating a role for mitochondria in inflammasome signaling. To further study the role of oxidative stress and the aging process as it pertains to inflammasome signaling, we obtained fibroblasts from a subject who donated his cells at three different ages (49, 52 and 64 years) and discovered that caspase-1 and ASC protein levels were higher at the oldest time-point analyzed than at the other two younger time-points. Moreover, the cells at 52 were more prone to cell death when subjected to oxidative stress when compared to the cells at 49. Thus, highlighting the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress due to the aging process.\n\nImportantly, when the inflammasome was inhibited with a caspase-1 inhibitor in these cells following oxidative stress, the amount of free radicals produced was decreased. In conclusion, this is the first report to show that pyroptotic cell death occurs in the aging brain and that the inflammasome can be a viable target to decrease the oxidative stress that occurs as a result of aging.\n\nReducing Levels of Protein Manufacture Slows Measures of Aging in Nematodes\n\nResearchers here demonstrate that an antibiotic slows aging in nematode worms, providing evidence for it to work through a reduction in protein synthesis. Beyond a slowing of aging, one of the consequences of calorie restriction is exactly this lower level of protein synthesis, a feature that also appears in a number of other interventions shown to slow aging to some degree in short-lived species. Protein synthesis takes place in structures called ribosomes, and so one branch of the now quite diverse field of aging research that has grown from the investigation of calorie restriction is involved in attempting to understand how changes to ribosomal function can influence aging. The interesting part of the research noted here is thus more the ribosomes and less the antibiotic. Unfortunately, and as a general rule, attempts to replicate aspects of calorie restriction have a much smaller effect in humans than is the case in short-lived species. No significant form of rejuvenation should be expected to emerge from this sort of research.\n\nProtein aggregation causes several progressive age-related brain diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion disease. This study shows that minocycline prevents this build-up even in older animals with age-impaired stress-response pathways. The number of proteins in a cell is balanced by the rate of protein manufacture and disposal, called proteostasis. As we age, proteostasis becomes impaired. \"It would be great if there were a way to enhance proteostasis and extend lifespan and health, by treating older people at the first sign of neurodegenerative symptoms or disease markers such as protein build-up. In this study, we investigated whether the antibiotic minocycline can reduce protein aggregation and extend lifespan in animals that already have impaired proteostasis.\"\n\nThe team first tested 21 different molecules known to extend lifespan in young and old Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms. They found that all of these molecules prolonged the lives of young worms; however, the only drug that worked on the older worms was the minocycline. To find out why, the researchers treated young and old worms with either water or minocycline and then measured two proteins called α-synuclein and amyloid-β, which are known to build up in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Regardless of the worms' age, those treated with minocycline had reduced aggregation of both proteins as they grew older without even without the activation of stress responses.\n\nThe team next turned their attention to the mechanism behind this discovery. First, they looked at whether minocycline switches on stress-signalling proteins that are impaired in older worms, but they found the drug actually reduces their activity. Next, they studied whether it turns off the cell's protein-disposal processes, but this was not its mode of action either. When they used a chemical probe to see how minocycline affects the major protein-regulating molecules in the cell, it revealed that minocycline directly affects the protein-manufacturing machinery of the cell, known as the ribosome. This was true in worms, as well as mouse and human cells.\n\nFinally, the team used worms with increased or decreased protein-manufacturing activity and studied how this altered the effect of minocycline on protein levels and lifespan. As predicted, in mutant worms where protein manufacturing was already decreased, they found that a lower dose of minocycline was needed to further reduce protein levels and extend lifespan. In worms where protein manufacturing was increased, the opposite was seen. This suggested that minocycline extends lifespan by controlling the rate of protein manufacturing at the ribosome.\n\n\nThroughout the research community, scientists involved in the study of aging, inflammation, and various age-related diseases are retrofitting the present appreciation for senescent cells into their past work. Over the past few years, the scientific community has suddenly awoken to the fact that the accumulation of senescent cells is a significant cause of aging and age-related pathology. This sea change of opinions could, in principle, have happened at pretty much any time in the last 30 years, had resources been better directed within the aging research community. But prior to a decade ago next to nobody in the establishment hierarchy wanted to listen to or acknowledge the potential for treating aging as a medical condition, as a pathology with causes, despite the enormous amount of evidence for that position.\n\nBut now a different scientific culture has taken hold in the study of aging, bringing with it a newfound willingness to consider the treatment of aging. There is a new acceptance that aging has causes that can be addressed, and that the inflammatory signaling of senescent cells is one of those causes. Thus papers like the one noted here are starting to emerge, picking up on a prior finding and tying it to the biology of cellular senescence, now more widely appreciated. It may well turn out that a good fraction of approaches shown to modestly reduce chronic inflammation in aged animals will turn out to act by in some way dampening the signaling of senescent cells.\n\nAs a basis for therapy, suppressing that signaling while leaving the cells intact is far inferior to the senolytic therapies that selectively destroy those errant cells. Suppression is rarely complete, while destruction removes all issues. Examples such as the one below, compounds already widely used and extensively investigated, are very unlikely to be capable of producing large effect sizes in humans, but it is nonetheless interesting to watch this great rethinking of past data as it progresses.\n\nTocotrienols (T3) have been shown to represent a very important part of the vitamin E family. Experiments conducted in both mice and humans have shown potential health benefits from T3 supplementation, including a distinctive and effective anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of T3 has been also proposed as the main mechanism of action of T3 explaining the amelioration of conditions related to a diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of T3 has been also proposed to contribute to their protection against neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).\n\nIn this review, we summarize the broad range of anti-inflammatory effects of T3 on aging and the main age-related diseases with the aim to provide a common mechanistic rationale through which tocotrienols may exert their pro-longevity and pro-health action. In particular, we suggest that part of the anti-inflammatory effects of these natural compounds can be due to their modulation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) produced by senescent cells, where their accumulation in aging has been proposed as a key pathological mechanism in different age-related pathologies. T3 may act by a direct suppression of the SASP, mediated by inhibition of NF-kB and mTOR, or by removing the origin of the SASP through senolysis. As a consequence, many age-related pathologies connected with the SASP may be attenuated or prevented by T3 treatment.\n\nManipulating Energy Generation in Kidney Cells Can Enhance Regeneration\n\nThere are multiple distinct mechanisms by which cells can generate the energy needed for operations. Since everything is connected to everything else inside a cell, these various mechanisms are also tied in to the regulation of cell behavior, such as whether or not cells are actively assisting in tissue regeneration. Thus ways to change the balance of energy generation in cells might be a viable path towards enhanced regeneration for damaged organs. Researchers here provide evidence for this approach to be useful in the kidney, at least in mice.\n\nResearchers have discovered a pathway for enhancing the self-repair efforts of injured kidneys. This involves reprogramming the body's own metabolism in order to save damaged kidneys. Normally, a process called glycolysis converts glucose from food into energy, which is necessary for life to continue. But the new discovery shows that when tissue is injured, the body can switch the process into one of repair to damaged cells. Researchers found how to intensify the switching process, resulting in a cascade of tissue-repair molecules that successfully stopped progression of kidney disease in mice.\n\nNormally, when cells break down fat, sugars, and proteins into glucose, the three substances are converted into intermediate products that move into the mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells, providing fuel for life. Things work very differently in injured tissues: in the kidneys for example, the body triggers a \"Plan B,\" converting the glucose into new molecules that carry out cell repair instead. Researchers found that a protein called PKM2 controls whether fuel (glucose) is used to power the cell or shift into repair mode. Disabling PKM2 resulted in a significant increase in cell-repair and a concomitant decrease in energy-generation.\n\nA key molecule in the process is nitric oxide (NO). It was already known that NO protects kidneys and other tissue. NO is the active ingredient in nitroglycerine used for addressing heart disease so it was assumed that NO worked by dilating blood vessels. But the research team found that NO attached to a critical molecule called Co-enzyme A - known as a metabolite - linked to the glycolysis and energy production. Co-enzyme A binds to and transports NO into many different proteins, including PKM2, \"turning them off.\" This determines whether the kidney cells are using their pathways for energy or repair.\n\nIn addition to finding that adding NO to PKM2 activates repair, researchers found that a protein called AKR1A1 subsequently removes the NO from PKM2, re-activating a robust energy-generating process. This reversal, after healing is complete, allows glucose to be converted efficiently into fuel. When the research team disabled AKR1A1, the kidneys remained in repair mode and were highly protected from disease. Therefore, the goal is to develop drugs to inhibit PKM2 or AKR1A1.\n\nCellular Senescence Contributes to Impaired Heart Regeneration\n\nThis paper is a preprint, meaning it hasn't gone through peer review yet, so apply the appropriate multiple to its chances of containing significant errors. The authors outline evidence for the age-related accumulation of senescent cells to impair heart regeneration. I'd have to say that this is an expected outcome of cellular senescence, given what is presently known of senescent cells, and in particular the ways in which their potent mix of inflammatory signaling disrupts normal tissue function. Of course the scientific community still has to provide satisfactory proof for that to be the case for the heart specifically, and join the dots between the underlying mechanisms.\n\nSince a number of senolytic therapies exist, treatments capable of selectively removing 25-50% of senescent cells from various tissues, it is the case that the best way to proceed in linking aspects of aging to cellular senescence is to destroy senescent cells and see what happens as a result. That is considerably faster and more efficient than purely investigative methods. The challenge here is that senolytic therapies clear senescent cells from most tissues, all tissues are affected in their own particular ways, and there are only so many researchers with the funding to carry out assessments. So while we'd all like to know how senolytics affect lymph nodes, or the stomach lining, or pick your favorite tissue type here, it will probably be a while before the research community works its way down the list to reach these line items.\n\nAgeing is the greatest risk factor for many life-threatening disorders. Although long-term exposure to known cardiovascular risk factors strongly drives the development of cardiovascular pathologies, intrinsic cardiac aging is considered to highly influence the pathogenesis of heart disease. However, the fields of the biology of aging and cardiovascular disease have been studied separately, and only recently their intersection has begun to receive the appropriate attention.\n\nAging leads to increased cellular senescence in a number of tissues and work suggests senescent cell burden can be dramatically increased in various tissues and organs with chronological ageing or in models of progeria. Cellular senescence is associated with increased expression of the senescence biomarker, p16Ink4a (also known as Cdkn2a), impaired proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. Senescent cells disrupt tissue structure and function because of the components they secrete, which act on adjacent as well as distant cells, causing fibrosis, inflammation, and a possible carcinogenic response. Indeed, senescent cells possess a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), consisting of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular-matrix-degrading proteins, which have deleterious paracrine and systemic effects. Remarkably, even a relatively low abundance of senescent cells (10-15% in aged primates) is sufficient to cause tissue dysfunction.\n\nHere we have done an extensive analysis of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated from human subjects with cardiovascular disease aged 32-86 years. In aged subjects (older than 74 years) over half of CPCs are senescent, unable to replicate, differentiate, regenerate, or restore cardiac function following transplantation into the infarcted heart. SASP factors secreted by senescent CPCs renders otherwise healthy CPCs senescent. Elimination of senescent CPCs using senolytics abrogates the SASP and its debilitative effect in vitro. Global elimination of senescent cells in aged mice (using the INK-ATTAC model or wild-type mice treated with dasatinib and quercetin senolytics) in vivo activates resident CPCs and increased the number of small, proliferating cardiomyocytes. Thus therapeutic approaches that eliminate senescent cells may alleviate cardiac deterioration with aging and rejuvenate the regenerative capacity of the heart.\n\nThe Debate over the Existence of Heart Stem Cells Continues\n\nDoes the adult heart contain a sizable population of dormant stem cells that can be roused to acts of regeneration in order to rebuild lost or damaged muscle? If this is the case, then regenerative treatments will be easier to construct, in the form of signaling to direct native stem cells. If not, then the road to such treatments is much less straightforward, requiring the delivery of cells capable of regeneration, as well as the instructions for those cells, or perhaps the conversion of scar tissue cells into heart muscle.\n\nThe research community is presently engaged in a debate of evidence and hypothesis over whether or not the claimed heart stem cell populations actually exist in adult individuals. This latest entry to this debate is a gloomy one, in which the researchers provide evidence for there to be no stem cells in the heart capable of regenerating heart muscle in response to damage.\n\nDebates of this nature are actually fairly common in the field. Specific cell populations can be hard to isolate, and different groups may or may not be looking at the same cells as they argue with one another. One might look at the controversy over very small embryonic-like stem cells some years ago, for example. I hesitate to offer an opinion on the topic, save to note that firm answers will be established in the end - it is just a question of how long that takes.\n\nDuring a myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is cut off. As a consequence, part of the heart muscle dies. Most tissues of animals and humans contain stem cells that come to the rescue upon tissue damage: they rapidly produce large numbers of 'daughter cells' in order to replace lost tissue cells. For two decades researchers and clinicians have searched for cardiac stem cells, stem cells that should reside in the heart muscle and that could repair the heart muscle after a myocardial infarction. Multiple research groups have claimed the definitive identification of cardiac stem cells, yet none of these claims have held up.\n\nTo solve this debate, researchers focused on the broadest and most direct definition of stem cell function in the mouse heart: the ability of a cell to replace lost tissue by cell division. In the heart, this means that any cell that can produce new heart muscle cells after a heart attack would be termed a cardiac stem cell. The authors generated a 'cell-by-cell' map of all dividing cardiac cells before and after a myocardial infarction using advanced molecular and genetic technologies.\n\nThe study establishes that many types of cells divide upon damage of the heart, but that none of these are capable of generating new heart muscle. In fact, many of the 'false leads' of past studies can now be explained: cells that were previously named cardiac stem cells now turn out to produce blood vessels or immune cells, but never heart muscle. Thus, the sobering conclusion is drawn that heart stem cells do not exist. In other words, heart muscle that is lost due to a heart attack cannot be replaced. This finding - while disappointing - settles a long-standing controversy.\n\nThe authors make a second important observation. Connective tissue cells (also known as fibroblasts) that are intermingled with heart muscle cells respond vigorously to a myocardial infarction by undergoing multiple cell divisions. In doing so, they produce scar tissue that replaces the lost cardiac muscle. While this scar tissue contains no muscle and thus does not contribute to the pump function of the heart, the fibrotic scar 'holds together' the infarcted area. Indeed, when the formation of the scar tissue is blocked, the mice succumb to acute cardiac rupture. Thus, while scar formation is generally seen as a negative outcome of myocardial infarction, the authors stress the importance of the formation of scar tissue for maintaining the integrity of the heart.\n\nMesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Reduces Frailty in the Elderly\n\nAn early stage clinical study has shown that mesenchymal stem cell transplants reduce measures of age-related frailty. The benefits occur most likely because chronic inflammation is a significant contribution to the state of frailty, and mesenchymal stem cell therapies are known to fairly reliably reduce inflammation for a period of at least some months. That may be long enough for tissues in an older patient to recover somewhat before they are again under siege. It is thought that this temporary abatement of inflammation is accomplished through signals delivered by the transplanted stem cells, changing the behavior of native cells, as very few of the stem cells survive for long.\n\nThis is all quite well documented in clinical practice, and mesenchymal stem cell transplants are widely available these days. Unfortunately, the principal challenge with this line of work is that \"mesenchymal stem cell\" is a very loose definition, and thus the cells used by one research team or clinic may well have little in common with others that go by the very same name. The outcome is unexplained variability in results; this part of the field is in desperate need of a great deal more standardization than has so far taken place.\n\nChronic diseases and degenerative conditions are strongly linked with the geriatric syndrome of frailty and account for a disproportionate percentage of the health care budget. Frailty increases the risk of falls, hospitalization, institutionalization, disability, and death. By definition, frailty syndrome is characterized by declines in lean body mass, strength, endurance, balance, gait speed, activity and energy levels, and organ physiologic reserve. Collectively, these changes lead to the loss of homeostasis and capability to withstand stressors and resulting vulnerabilities.\n\nThere is a strong link between frailty, inflammation, and the impaired ability to repair tissue injury due to decreases in endogenous stem cell production. Although exercise and nutritional supplementation provide benefit to frail patients, there are currently no specific therapies for frailty. Bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide therapeutic benefits in heart failure patients irrespective of age. MSCs contribute to cellular repair and tissue regeneration through their multilineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, homing and migratory capacity to injury sites, and stimulatory effect on endogenous tissue progenitors. The advantages of using MSCs as a therapeutic strategy include standardization of isolation and culture expansion techniques and safety in allogeneic transplantation.\n\nBased on this evidence, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, dose-finding study in elderly, frail individuals and showed that intravenously delivered allogeneic MSCs are safe and produce significant improvements in physical performance measures and inflammatory biomarkers. We thus propose that frailty can be treated and the link between frailty and chronic inflammation offers a potential therapeutic target, addressable by cell therapy.\n\nAn Epigenetic Signature that Matches the Majority of Cancers\n\nReal progress in the defeat of cancer will emerge from mechanisms that are common to near all cancers. Given a signature, or a required mechanism, that appears universally in cancer, then it should be possible to craft a single form of treatment that can be applied to any cancer type. That the enormous and massively funded cancer research community has struggled to make progress towards the control of cancer in the present environment of revolutionary progress in the tools of biotechnology largely results from spending too much time and too many resources on technologies that are only narrowly applicable to certain types of cancer. There are hundreds of subtypes of cancer, and only so many research groups with the resources to spend the years needed to build a new therapy. A change of focus is required. Fortunately, a number of candidate mechanisms for means to control most or all forms of cancer do in fact exist, such as the fact that all cancer cells must abuse telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres in order to replicate without limit. There are initial signs of others, with the research here being an example of the type.\n\nA quick and easy test to detect cancer from blood or biopsy tissue could eventually result in a new approach to patient diagnosis. Researches have discovered a unique DNA nanostructure that appears to be common to all cancers. Cancer is an extremely complicated and variable disease and different types of cancer have different signatures. It has been difficult to find a simple signature that was distinct from healthy cells and common to all cancers. \"This unique nano-scaled DNA signature appeared in every type of breast cancer we examined, and in other forms of cancer including prostate, colorectal, and lymphoma. The levels and patterns of tiny molecules called methyl groups that decorate DNA are altered dramatically by cancer - these methyl groups are key for cells to control which genes are turned on and off. In healthy cells, these methyl groups are spread out across the genome, but the genomes of cancer cells are essentially barren except for intense clusters of methyl groups at very specific locations.\"\n\nThe team discovered that intense clusters of methyl groups placed in a solution caused cancer DNA fragments to fold into unique three-dimensional nanostructures that could easily be separated by sticking to solid surfaces such as gold. Cancer cells released their DNA into blood plasma when they died. \"So we were very excited about an easy way of catching these circulating free cancer DNA signatures in blood. Discovering that cancerous DNA molecules formed entirely different 3D nanostructures from normal circulating DNA was a breakthrough that has enabled an entirely new approach to detect cancer non-invasively in any tissue type including blood. This led to the creation of inexpensive and portable detection devices.\" The new technology has proved to be up to 90 percent accurate in tests involving 200 human cancer samples and normal DNA.\n\nQuestioning the Validity of Jeanne Calment's Age\n\nJeanne Calment is well known as the longest-lived person, with her age at death validated at 122 years. The data for supercentenarians, the exceptionally rare individuals who live to be 110 years of age or older, is very ragged. This is usually the case at the far outside end of a distribution, where the total number of data points is very low. It is usual to find outliers, but some people feel that Jeanne Calment is too much of an outlier given the other validated ages of death for supercentenarians. Only one other person lived to be 119, and no-one else is known to have made it past 117. The yearly mortality rates for supercentenarians appear to be 50% or greater, though it is hard to be exact given the very sparse data. The odds of finding people just a few years older diminish precipitously given that level of risk.\n\nSo what is more likely: that Jeanne Calment was the furthest outlier, or that the validation process was flawed, and she was in fact significantly younger? We would be very skeptical of anyone claiming to be 125. Should we be more skeptical of the existing claim of 122 years of age? This sort of discussion is an interesting one, as illustrated by the article here, but whether or not Jeanne Calment did die aged 122 will soon enough become of little importance to the world at large. With the advent of low cost rejuvenation therapies in the form of senolytic drugs, the environment of aging will change rapidly in the decade ahead. The use of these treatments will spread widely through the population. Other rejuvenation therapies will soon follow, amplifying the effects. Remaining life span in later life will be increasingly determined by technology and ever less by genetic resilience and chance.\n\nIf you open an article dedicated to supercentenarians, it is very likely that at its very beginning, you will see the name of Jeanne Calment, the oldest known person in the world, who is believed to have lived for up to 122 years. Jeanne is not merely a unique phenomenon from the point of view of statistics; over the years, she became a symbol of extraordinary human capacities. A couple of weeks ago a report shed new light on the case of Jeanne Calment. The main hypothesis of this independent investigation is that the person who we know as Jeanne Calment is actually her daughter, Yvonne, who took the place of her mother after her death in 1934 in order to help her family avoid heavy financial losses related to inheritance. The initiator of this independent investigation, Valery Novoselov, is convinced that Calment's case has to be revalidated.\n\nValery, you are currently involved in revalidating longevity records. What was your motivation to engage in these investigations in the first place?\n\nMy main focus of interest is people. I don't like to deal with animals, because I believe that due to evolutionary mechanisms, the processes of aging in different species are not homologous. So, I am only interested in analyzing human data with some practical application of the results. Back in 2016, I was curious how many centenarians there were in the Moscow region. The Department of Labor and Social Security and the Federal Agency of Statistics provided me with two absolutely different sets of data. The one from the agency gave me 4135 people aged 100 and older, and the Department of Labor gave me 735 people. 6-fold difference. The main idea here is this: too much variance of data is likely an indicator of errors. In centenarians, the possibility of error is the highest.\n\nWhat was the starting point in the investigation of Jeanne Calment's case? What was the first thing that caused the initial skepticism?\n\nIn the last few years, there were many interesting articles on the survival curve of centenarians and supercentenarians. Despite their differing views on the survival plateaus of marginal age groups, the case of Jeanne Calment didn't fit into any of the refined math models behind their studies. If we imagine the curves of survival in these studies, Jeanne is a dot away from the main trend that they describe. One more reason for suspicion is how far from other longevity records her age is. All other supercentenarians are several years apart from them. Most longevity records are very close to one another. Whenever a new record is set, the person dies several days or several weeks later, very rarely several months later. However, we are never speaking about years apart, definitely not several years.\n\nSo, you started to check the data from this validation group?\n\nI had many ideas at once. I am a geriatrician, and in my work, I rely on visual assessment a lot. My eyes were telling me that Jeanne didn't have the hallmarks of frailty that would correspond to her official age, such as the fact that unlike other supercentenarians, she was able to sit straight in her chair without others' help. I didn't see enough signs of dermal atrophy nor atrophy of subcutaneous tissue. As a first step, I decided to run a survey to see how people assessed Jeanne's age by comparing her photos and videos to the photos and videos of other supercentenarians. The participants (233 random people) were massively reducing her age by around 20-25 years compared to her official age on the date when this picture was taken. The more that we checked, the more that small inconsistencies, errors, and even signs of intentional fraud were revealed. After looking at all the data that we has managed to collect, including the known intentional destruction of the family archive, we developed a hypothesis that is now being checked. In 1934, there was a death in the Calment family. The official story is that in 1934, Jeanne had lost her only daughter, Yvonne. We think that in reality it was Jeanne who had died, aged almost 59, and her daughter took her name and personality.\n\nIt is nice to learn that the community is open to the idea of revalidation.\n\nIndeed. However, I am asking myself why the revalidation was not initiated earlier, as the more you dig, the more questions arise. The main lesson of this is still to be learned, however. You see, the current buzz around longevity records can be easily distracting us from the goals that are truly important. I'd really want this story to be reduced to a revalidation by a qualified group of researchers and to an update of all corresponding books. In my view, it just does not deserve the hype. There was a mistake, we will correct it, and that is it. We will be seeing new longevity records again and again; it will never stop, because there is no proven limit of human healthspan and lifespan.\n\n\nThe innate immune cells called macrophages are known to be important coordinators of regeneration, in addition to their role in protecting tissues from invading pathogens. In recent years, researchers have investigated the altered behavior of macrophages with aging, and linked this to a range of age-related conditions. In older individuals, macrophages are more likely to be inflammatory and aggressive rather than acting to assist tissue regeneration, and the consequence is a much reduced capacity for tissue maintenance.\n\nIf the methods by which macrophages act to induce greater regenerative activity on the part of other cell populations can be deciphered, boiled down to a set of signal molecules, then this may open the door to the development of comparatively straightforward therapies that incrementally enhance healing and tissue maintenance in older people. This doesn't address the underlying problems, the damage of aging that causes macrophages to behave badly, but the size of the effect may nonetheless be worth the cost of development.\n\nFor a child, recovering from a broken bone is typically a short-lived, albeit painful, convalescence. But for older adults, it can be a protracted and potentially life-threatening process. Researchers have previously shown that introducing bone marrow stem cells to a bone injury can expedite healing, but the exact process was unclear. Now, the same team believes it has pinpointed the \"youth factor\" introduced alongside bone marrow stem cells - it's the macrophage, a type of white blood cell, and the proteins it secretes that can have a rejuvenating effect on tissue.\n\nAfter tissue injury, the body dispatches macrophages to areas of trauma, where they undergo functional changes to coordinate tissue repair. During fracture healing, macrophages are found at the fracture site. But when they're depleted, fractures will not heal effectively. Macrophage populations and characteristics can change with aging.\n\n\"We show that young macrophage cells produce factors that lead to bone formation, and when introduced in older mice, improves fracture healing. While macrophages are known to play a role in repair and regeneration, prior studies do not identify secreted factors responsible for the effect. Here we show that young macrophage cells play a role in the rejuvenation process, and injection of one of the factors produced by the young cells into a fracture in old mice rejuvenates the pace of repair. This suggests a new therapeutic approach to fracture rejuvenation.\"\n\n]]> 0", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5919532179832458}
+{"content": "Zesty Chili Lime Buffalo Wing Dings\n\nMakes 4 Servings\nReady in 30 minutes\n\n\n2 lbs. chicken wings (about 12 wings)\n1 stick butter, melted\n1/2 cup hot sauce\n1 Tbsp. Little’s Cuisine Chili Lime Seasoning Blend\n\n\n1. Whisk together melted butter, hot sauce and Chili Lime Seasoning Blend. Set aside.\n2. Bake wings in foil lined pan at 450F for 30 minutes until crispy.\n3. Transfer wings from the oven and lightly toss with sauce. Serve warm with blue cheese dressing and celery sticks, if desired.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8508836030960083}
+{"content": "Erythroid hyperplasia\n\nErythroid hyperplasiaErythroid hyperplasia is a condition of excessive count of erythroid precursor cells (in layman words, immature red blood cells) in the bone marrow.\n\n\nErythroid cells are formed from myeloid progenitor cells and from megakaryocyte erythroid pregenitor cells, which are then turned into mature red blood cells.\n\n\nErythroid hyperplasia is usually a compensatory condition. It can develop in case of hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, hemolytic anemia, angiopathies, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), polycythemia, pancytopenia secondary to hypersplenism, erythromyelosis and blood loss.\n\n\nErythroid hyperplasia is rather a symptom of other diseases than a disease itself.\n\nAnemia symptoms are pale skin color, fatigue, headaches, episodes of fainting, dizziness, shortness of breath, spleen enlargement, etc.\n\nPatients with TTP develop seizures, cognitive deficiency, visual disturbance, and aphasia along with anemia and petechial rash.\n\n\nErythroid hyperplasia may be confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. The marrow is normo- or hypercellular with increased normoblastic erythropoiesis, which is organized in clusters. Blood test results may vary depending on the underlying disorder.\n\n\nTreatment of the cause of the erythroid hyperplasia is required to restore the normal function of the bone marrow. This may include Ferrum-containing medications, vitamins, blood or plasma transfusions.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9978691339492798}
+{"content": "How to Become Politically Aware and Active\n\n\n(Photo Credit: Pixabay)\n\nBeing politically aware is more important today than ever. In fact, in 2014, one in 10 Americans were politically disengaged. This is a large group of bystanders that, if politically aware and active, could have voted, and we may not have been in the poor political climate we are in today. Equally as important, actively taking part to combat the injustices of current politics is a highly effective way to reverse infringements done to human rights. However, in the day and age of fake news and alternative facts, it can be challenging to get to the truth of what a politician does and says.\n\nUnderstanding how to become politically aware and active can be hard to do with misinformation and echo chambers. Understanding how to properly educate yourself to become politically aware and involving yourself in politics to actually get things done should be a duty undertaken by everyone. Take a look below at how you can pinpoint flaws — including your own biases — in political arguments, and what you can do to instill moral ethics and values back into politics.\n\nBecome Well Educated\n\nEducating yourself is the first step in making the transformation from an indifferent bystander to making a change in the world. It will also allow you to have a firm political standing and form your own understanding of what you feel about a political issue while not being duped by fake news or alternative facts. Educating yourself correctly involves understanding your biases, consuming reliable information, and possibly even receiving a formal political education.\n\nIn many cases, however you fall on the political spectrum, you may be in your own way when it comes to getting to the truth of many political issues. Often, we can fall into the trap of closing ourselves off to political beliefs that don’t align with ours — only reading news sources and having conversations that back up our biased opinions.\n\nPutting ourselves in an echo chamber is dangerous in perpetuating false narratives, and ultimately never getting to the truth. Putting your personal beliefs aside makes it much easier to start receiving the truth from reliable sources of information.\n\nIn the internet information age we live in today, there are thousands of sources you can choose to get your information and news. While a majority of these sources aren’t flat out lying, they do skew information in ways that fit their political agenda. One way to get outside of your echo chamber is by reading multiple news sources, opinions, and views, so you understand political issues from all angles.\n\nAdditionally, some sources check the facts behind what politician say, as well as provide unbiased information on contested political issues. Finding reliable information sources is valuable in knowing what is really happening in our political climate.\n\nFor a comprehensive understanding of how you can become politically aware and active, you could go to college. What better way to learn about politics and how to get involved than to learn about these things in a formal setting? Many politicians have gone to school for politics or related subjects to be as well versed as they can be when they gain office.\n\nAnyone can go to school to achieve a degree in social work to understand social policies, economics to understand the fiscal challenges of our country, political science to understand precisely how political processes work, or any similar field. In our country, the tools for becoming a politician are accessible to most everyone. It is up to you to take advantage of education so you can be on the same playing field to fight for ethical political policies against otherwise morally questionable politicians.\n\nGet Involved in Local Politics\n\nIf you become knowledgeable in politics and hotly contested political issues, you now can apply this knowledge to understand how your local politicians are making decisions that affect you directly. Knowing the motivation behind how your city council members, mayors, governors, and senators pass legislature can help you determine if your local politicians have your best interests in mind. Understanding your local politicians in this way is the difference between letting someone else control your life, and you taking matters into your own hands to shape a future that is best for everyone.\n\nYou may recognize that getting involved in local politics is important, but perhaps you think that contacting your local politicians will not get anything done, or you may just not know how to get involved. Always remember that elected officials work for the public, i.e., you. And that it is the public who controls if an official will stay in office or not. So, it behooves them to listen to your concerns.\n\nContacting your local officials is easier now more than ever. A quick lookup of your local officials can help you understand their political values and what legislation they might vote on. A telephone call, email, even social media can help you reach an elected official so that your voice is heard. To become even further involved, attend some town hall meetings to understand the debate about legislation. You can also contact your elected official before they vote to influence which way they will lean on a local bill.\n\nCommunity Efforts\n\nBecoming politically educated can help you understand which issues you would like to change. Contacting your local officials can start change locally. But, there is no better way to get involved and make a splash than to actually put boots on the ground. Volunteering, helping a political campaign, and attending rallies and events are all ways you can raise awareness and change immoral political values.\n\nYou may have done your research and found that the politician who is up for election has similar political values to your own. This is an opportunity for you to offer to go door-to-door raising awareness for them and hand out fliers. Attend rallies and events, both locally and nationally, to make your presence felt about injustices.\n\nIt should be noted that demonstrations can become dangerous, and even deadly. Some injuries may require immediate care so it may be prudent to have an urgent care plan in action. In some cases, you may choose to travel to foreign lands to show support for a cause. If anything goes wrong, no matter where you are, you may need to travel for care, as many underserved areas (potentially those you’re attempting to raise awareness for) might not have proper medical resources.\n\nIf you would like to just get out and make a difference in your community, you can volunteer at a church, homeless shelter, school, cultural center, or even overseas to join a cause you feel strongly about. There are many ways you can get involved, it just takes a little bit of research to find out what causes you would like to raise awareness for and/or help organize.\n\nThe political climate today is a clear sign that we cannot sit idly by while politicians are acting in their own best interests. The information above can help you become more politically aware and active so that you can start getting the bad politicians out of office while electing the good ones. It is up to the public to make a world that is safe and friendly for all, so press your politicians to start acknowledging your concerns and voting on legislation to do so.\n\n\nAbout Author\n\nBrooke Faulkner is a mother of two and wilderness enthusiast. When she's not writing, she can usually be found zipping around the mountains on her ATV.\n\nComments are closed.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7356423139572144}
+{"content": "CRON Stock Is on the Verge of a Powerful Breakout\n\ncron stock\n\nWill This Be the Catalyst That Sparks a Rally for CRON Stock?\n\nNews broke last week that Constellation Brands, Inc. (NYSE:STZ) increased its ownership stake in Canopy Growth Corp (NYSE:CGC) stock, sending shock waves through the marijuana stock sector.\n\nLet’s not forget that late last year, Constellation Brands announced its initial stake in Canopy Growth stock. That announcement ended up being a catalyst for a frenzy in marijuana stocks, driving prices substantially higher.\n\nConstellation’s more recent announcement doesn’t feel any different. The end result could be similar, so it should not be the least bit surprising if the recent news ends up being a catalyst for the next sector-wide advance.\n\nWith that in mind, I am now focusing on Cronos Group Inc (NASDAQ:CRON) because I believe it is poised to outperform if a sector-wide move develops.\n\n\nMy beliefs are based on a powerful technical price pattern that is currently in development on the CRON stock chart. A bullish resolution of this pattern will imply that much higher prices are likely to follow.\n\nThis technical price pattern is captured on the following Cronos stock chart.\n\nChart courtesy of\n\nThe technical price pattern captured on the above chart is a symmetrical triangle. Symmetrical triangles are created when the price action is characterized by a series of lower highs and higher lows.\n\nI captured this pattern by connecting the peaks and troughs that were created by the price action that characterized this pattern. The end result is two converging trend lines that depict a triangle.\n\nThese trend lines are very significant because they pinpoint where significant levels of price support and resistance reside.\n\nKnowing where these levels reside is important because, in order to resolve the pattern that is in development, Cronos stock needs to either break above price resistance or below support. At that point, the stock would be expected to continue moving in the same direction.\n\nCRON stock is currently testing price resistance at $7.50, and a sustained close above resistance would unleash a powerful move toward higher prices.\n\nThe reason is that triangle price patterns are known for their powerful breakouts. The convergence between price support and price resistance, as the pattern develops, causes energy to build within the pattern. Once the pattern is resolved, the stored energy is released and a powerful move follows.\n\nA sustained close above resistance will suggest that higher prices are likely to follow. In order to confirm this suggestion, the breakout needs to be accompanied by a bullish signal from the momentum indicator, which is captured on the following chart.\n\nChart courtesy of\n\nThe momentum indicator I am referring to is the moving average convergence/divergence (MACD), which is captured in the lower panel of the above Cronos stock chart.\n\nMACD is an influential momentum indicator that uses the crossing of a signal line to determine whether bullish or bearish momentum is influencing the price action.\n\nBullish momentum implies that a stock is geared toward higher prices. Bearish momentum implies the opposite.\n\nMomentum is a very powerful force, which is why a stock cannot sustain a move in either direction unless the applicable level of momentum is supporting it. This is why the wave structure highlighted on the above CRON stock chart has coincided with the signals generated by the MACD indicator.\n\nThis wave structure consists of impulse waves and consolidation waves that are responsible for creating and sustaining a trend.\n\nThe wave highlighted in green on the above chart is an impulse wave. Impulse waves capture the stage in a bullish trend when a stock sustains a progressive move toward higher prices. This is why, in a bullish trend, impulse waves are accompanied by a bullish MACD signal.\n\nThe wave highlighted in purple is a consolidation wave. Consolidation waves capture the stage in a bullish trend when the price of a stock corrects and refrains from advancing. This is why, in a bullish trend, consolidation waves are accompanied by a bearish MACD signal.\n\nThe symmetrical triangle doubles as a consolidation wave. The completion of this wave will suggest that an advancing impulse wave will follow. This impulse wave will need to be accompanied by a bullish MACD signal.\n\nThe signal lines responsible for creating a signal are currently in bearish alignment. This confirms what we already know, that a consolidation wave is in development.\n\nThe good news is that these signal lines are converging, which suggests that, if the stock can break above resistance completing the symmetrical triangle, a bullish cross will likely follow. These indications will confirm that an impulse wave is in development, supporting a sustained move toward higher prices.\n\nAnalyst Take\n\nIn order to confirm that a sustained move toward higher Cronos stock prices is in development, the symmetrical triangle needs to be resolved in a bullish manner. This also needs to be accompanied by a bullish MACD signal.\n\nOnly when both of these signals are generated will a bullish position in CRON stock be justified.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.993424654006958}
+{"content": "Ten Caesars\n\nAvailable for Pre-Order\nproduct image\n\n\n\nIn the imperial era Roman women--mothers, wives, mistresses--had substantial influence over the emperors, and Strauss also profiles the most important among them, from Livia, Augustus's wife, to Helena, Constantine's mother. But even women in the imperial family faced limits and the emperors often forced them to marry or divorce for purely political reasons.\n\nRome's legacy remains today in so many ways, from language, law, and architecture to the seat of the Roman Catholic Church. Strauss examines this enduring heritage through the lives of the men who shaped it: Augustus, Tiberius, Nero, Vespasian, Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, Septimius Severus, Diocletian and Constantine. Over the ages, they learned to maintain the family business--the government of an empire--by adapting when necessary and always persevering no matter the cost. Ten Caesars is essential history as well as fascinating biography.\n\nPublication Date:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9853323698043823}
+{"content": "The Yucatan Peninsula is well-known in the dive community for its thriving coral reefs, stunning beaches, and rich culture. However, some of the best diving is nowhere near the ocean. Deep in the jungle, divers can enter Peninsula’s extensive flooded cave system through openings called cenotes. Cenote diving is a unique experience, divers won’t see colourful reef fish or coral, but the cenotes have a different sort of beauty. The water is crystal clear, and divers are treated to stunning light effects, rooms full of intricate cave decorations, marine fossils, and even (occasionally) a glimpse of the elusive cave blind fish.\n\nThe Yucatan Peninsula is home to the greatest number and variety of cave and cavern diving sites in the world. Divers can spend an enjoyable day learning about cenote diving, or they can easily spend an entire week cenote diving without running out of dive sites.\n\nWe offer unique cave and cavern diving experiences; tours are operated as a very personalised experience, catering to each individual’s specific needs. The day begins with a thorough orientation to cave or cavern diving, including the explanations of the specific environment and techniques used to safely dive in the cenotes. We find that divers are much more confident, and enjoy the dives more, when they have a good understanding what they are looking at and what they are doing.\n\nThe offering goes from guided cave and cavern tours for all levels of divers as well as training in the overhead environment. Yucatan Dive Tek’s partner offers TDI Cavern and Cave Training at all levels. TDI is a world-recognized technical diving organization that provides top-level training to those interested in entering the overhead environment.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9883445501327515}
+{"content": "Alex Napping\n\n\nAustin-based quartet Alex Napping draws from the deeply personal and the sonically groovy to create storytelling with a beat.  Founded in 2013, the group includes lead singer and guitarist Alex Cohen, guitarist Adrian Sebastian Haynes, bassist Tomas Garcia-olano, and drummer Andrew Stevens.\nIn 2014, the band released their debut album, This Is Not A Bedroom, on Punctum Records. With a guitar-focused sound, this first release reflects nostalgia for early romance and self-discovery, drawing from collective conversations about youth and its limitations. As an expansion of the themes found in Bedroom, Alex Napping released Trembles Part I & II in 2016, a pair of expressive singles hinging on a short story composed by Cohen. Trembles caught the ear of both NPR and BBC Radio 1, earning featured spots on their respective SXSW coverage.\nMise En Place, the band’s upcoming sophomore full-length, weaves together the uncertainty of adulthood with a personal desire to establish existential structure. It also marks the band’s first release with San Francisco-based Father/Daughter Records. Revolving around a formative relationship, this album tells the story of Cohen’s conflicting roles as both person and partner while highlighting a sophisticated, dimensional sound from the band at large. In Mise En Place, arrangements take center stage, overwhelming the guitar-centric sound that had dominated their early releases. This new band dynamic comes together articulately in the album’s lead single, “Living Room.”  Moody and honest, with tracks that express both joy and isolation, Mise En Place explores the struggle to evade traditionalism, define personal success, and balance the expectations of love.\nMise En Place comes out on Father/Daughter Records on May 5th, 2017. You can find the band somewhere between Austin and New York City.\nFor tour dates and more visit: www.alexnapping.com\n\nPublicity Contact: Erin Thompson\n\n\nright-click to download\n\n\nright-click to download", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9994701743125916}
+{"content": "Thursday, March 29, 2018\n\nLiving for Work\n\nchronically working life's a polyp\n\nMy pediatric GI doctor talked to me and my parents about my chances for Social Security Disability (SSD) Benefits to ease the financial burden associated with my chronic illness since I was a child. I grew up hearing about how I would be able to obtain SSD benefits if I applied. My parents opted to never apply for SSD benefits for myself as they didn't want me to see myself as different from other children and teenagers and were fortunately financially able to withstand the financial burden my health placed upon them.\n\nFor me, SSD benefits was never an option truly placed upon the table but I also knew that my doctor and my parents hoped I would be able to physically complete my schooling and obtain full time employment and become a financially independent person - but that this was not a given but rather a hope as none of us were sure how my health would withstand the such physical stress.\n\nSo I put forth my full effort into the tasks of life. My parents home schooled me for a year in grade school due to my health not allowing me to meet the attendance requirements of public school during the first year of my surgeries. And in high school I risked inability to graduate on time during another physically trying year with medical tests, procedures, surgeries, and multiple hospitalizations. I was only able graduate high school due to the kindness of one of my high school teachers agreeing to tutor me during my home study absence period.\n\nIn college, I endured regular hospitalizations due to difficulty maintaining my electrolytes. My college professors worked with me to allow me to complete my assignments and exams around my hospitalizations as needed. My health stabilized the year I graduated college affording me attendance to graduate school and my practicums with minimal difficulty.\n\nHowever, when I started my first full time job the stress would become too much for my body. I was traveling around the state on a daily basis, even to the borders of my state on a bimonthly basis. My employer was not overly accepting of my health. After consulting with my parents about my health and financial situation, I was forced to resign for the sake of my health.\n\nI was not defeated though. I allowed myself a month of rest before re-entering the work place with a different employer. I had learned new ways to cope with the stress of full time employment and how to deal with an employer. I succeeded at maintaining my health even when this employer entered the realm of a hostile work environment. I found a new position with yet another employer who works with me on my health issues and have been able to maintain full time employment ever since without difficulty for 7 years now.\n\nWith abrupt health changes over the last two years, especially during this year, I began to worry about my ability to maintain full time employment. Without my employment I would become dependent upon attempting to obtain SSD benefit approval and assistance from my parents in the meantime. SSD benefit approval is not necessarily an easy task to achieve and can take years. Even after approval, you are often required to wait another two years for Medicare health insurance to become available.\n\nlife's a polyp\nMy greatest fears in life include not being able to financially support myself and to become nursing home dependent or homeless and to be able to care for my parents as needed. When I was married, I was less fearful of these risks as my home was a two person income home. However, I had to weigh the financial risks I could potentially be under when I divorced. When I divorced, I was accepting that I am solely responsible for my financial well-being regardless of my health. I would be at greater risk of my greatest fears becoming a reality if unable to maintain employment. When I divorced, I learned a new level of independence that I vowed to fiercley protect and cherish for all my days on Earth even if that I meant I had to work until my death. No longer would I allow myself fairy tale dreams of being a stay at home wife - I would forever be a working woman for as long as I required and am able.\n\nAnd with this new attitude and determination, I admit that I live to work. It's not out of enjoyment or because I'm a workaholic but rather out of necessity for my surival and mental sanity. My health has always been unpredictable causing my future to be unpredictable. I will ferociously hold onto the few things I can control in my life with an intense tenacity. It is due to this outlook, that I dismiss others when they say it's no life to live to work. For others this may be true, but it doesn't hold true for me. Rather, I increase my ability to survive physically and mentally when I focus on maintaining my employment ability for as long as I am able - even if that means I work past retirement age. The more I work, the more financially stable I become, the more I am able to prepare for the uncertain turns my health will take that is chronic illness.\n\nThursday, March 8, 2018\n\nLife with Chronic Nausea\n\nnausea life's a polyp\n\nNausea is easy to understand, right? It's simply of feeling of sickness with the inclination to vomit. Seems pretty straight forward. Not so much for me though, at least not my chronic nausea.\n\nFor me, chronic nausea is something different than just the inclination to vomit. It's different from nausea that can accompany a stomach virus, food poisoning, or over indulging on alcohol. I don't typically even vomit from my chronic nausea. My mouth doesn't start to salivate in preparation for the impending upchuck, I don't start heaving, I don't have to stop talking or risk vomitting. None of the usual signs I experience when I'm inclined to vomit. No, typically if I were to vomit from my chronic nausea, it's because I forced myself not because my body forced me. Although, frequently I wish I would vomit when I'm nauseated as I believe it would help provide relief. This is a predicament I find myself struggling with regularly and unfortunately, not new to me.\n\nInstead of the typical response to nausea, my whole body reacts to my chronic nausea. My nausea has various triggers and although I can usually predict when the nausea will hit based on my behaviors, it is not always known to expect it crashing in upon me. Ingesting food or liquid often triggers the nausea as it fills my stomach and causes discomfort or if I become overheated I will become nauseated. Other times physical or visual motions will send me overboard. The slightly shaking is too much for my stomach and at times even the movement of a computer mouse or the scrolling of a computer screen will act as a trigger. And even with these triggers, there are times that I will simply awake nauseated. But whatever the reason for it, it always feels the same.\n\nTypical nausea that subsides upon the expultation of the irritating source, I would welcome that. But that is not my experience. I can usually feel the nausea crashing over my body like the waves of a tide. I feel like complete and utter rubbish when the nausea hits. My body has a generalized, overwhelming sickness to it; my stomach hurts and feels uneasy, I feel full and bloated. On particularly worse occasions my head will slightly hurt and if I close my eyes to rest, I feel as though the room is spinning about me. I feel as though if I could just vomit or empty my bowel, I would feel better. I have the urge to lie down in a ball and hold onto my stomach. At times it becomes too much and the tears fill my eyes as I'm overcome with frustration at my physical status.\n\nI regularly utilize my anti-nausea remedies- Compazine and Phenergan tablets, peppermint candies, and Peppermint Oil. I even have Phenergan gel as well. But nothing makes the nausea dissipate immediately, it's a gradual overthrowing of the nausea. And in the meantime, I'm left wanting to make myself vomit in an effort to make it stop yet knowing that it's not healthy to make ourselves vomit.\n\nThe chronic nausea is there with me, almost every day without warning, it is never cured. It's simply managed and so I must continue functioning in spite of the discomfort. I can't stop living my life or completing my responsibilities over nausea. In spite of my efforts to fight through the nausea, there are times that it is simply too overwhelming and all I can manage is to rest. But it sure would be nice to return to my pre-chronic nausea days.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7481157779693604}
+{"content": "Weight Loss Quickly\n\nHow to Lose Weight Quickly by Exercising\n\nExercising regularly is a great way to help you lose weight. However, exercise alone can not cause significant weight loss in a short time. There is no trick to lose weight fast, especially since it is not considered safe or healthy. However, incorporating certain forms of exercise can contribute to healthy weight loss. Some studies have shown that combining interval training, cardiovascular exercise and strength training helps you lose weight. In addition, supplementing the exercise routine with a nutritious and balanced diet can also accelerate weight loss.\n\nDo between 1 and 3 days of high intensity exercises or interval training. Make adjustments to your workout plan if you train at moderate intensity or just do regular cardiovascular exercise in your routine.\n\nIt has been shown that high intensity exercises and interval training help to lose weight more than constant cardiovascular exercises. That's why it includes a few days of high-intensity exercise to help the body burn more calories and more fat per workout.\n\nIf you do not know for sure what pace you keep, determine it based on how well you can hold a conversation. If you can speak easily, you maintain a low intensity rhythm. If you find that you have a little difficulty breathing while you talk, you will most likely follow a moderate rhythm. If you can not say short sentences without taking in air, you are at a high intensity.\n\nSpecifically, interval training is a combination of moderate intensity exercises and high intensity exercises. This combination helps the body to burn more fat and increases the metabolic rate several hours after the end of exercise.\n\nDesign your own interval training routine. You can practice at home or at the gym. Designing your own plan will allow you to have greater flexibility and control your overall intensity.\nJump the rope. Try to jump for 1 or 2 minutes in a row and then rest at a low to moderate pace. Try to do 2 to 5 periods of jumping rope per day.\nClimb stairs or slopes. Look for a long stretch of steps or a long slope, such as a stadium stairs or a hiking trail. Walk quickly or run, then descend to rest, repeating everything 2 to 5 times.\nDo the mountaineer's exercise. Put yourself in the position of making irons and bring your knees to the chest 1 at a time. Do it as fast as possible for 1 or 2 minutes.\nSprint between periods of jogging or walking. Practice the sprint for 1 or 2 minutes, followed by a moderate jog for 3 to 5 minutes.\n\nIncludes classes of high intensity cardiovascular exercises. Instead of designing your own high intensity or interval program, many gyms offer classes designed around high intensity exercises and interval training.\nAttending these classes can be easier and more fun because you exercise with other people. You may also feel more motivated if you try to keep up with others.\nTake boxing or kickboxing classes. Apart from making you burn more calories, kickboxing offers many other benefits, for example: it tones the whole body, helps reduce stress and increases self confidence.\nTry spinning classes. These indoor biking classes are great for any level of physical fitness because you control the endurance and speed of your workout. In addition, a single spinning class burns 500 calories per session, toning the glutes, thighs and calves.\n\nIntegrate other forms of exercise\n\nIt incorporates constant aerobic activity. In addition to high intensity exercises or interval training, there are constant cardiovascular exercises. These types of exercises bring additional benefits and also contribute to weight loss.\n\nConstant cardio exercises encompass any activity you perform at a moderate intensity pace for a minimum of 30 minutes and you maintain that rhythm throughout the exercise.\nThese burn less calories than exercises, but are much milder for the body in general. In general, try to include 30 minutes to 1 hour of cardiovascular exercises most days of the week. Studies have shown that faster weight loss through exercise requires almost 1 hour of moderate intensity exercise per day.\n\nIf you have not exercised for a long time, start doing it little by little. Exercise 30 to 45 minutes every other day for 2 weeks to reduce the risk of injury. As the body gets used to the exercise sessions, you can extend them to lose weight faster.\n\nSome aerobic activities you can try are jogging, swimming, hiking, using the elliptical, dancing or taking aerobics classes.\n\nIncludes between 1 and 3 days of weight training each week. In addition to cardiovascular exercises, it is also important to include in your routine a few days strength training during the week.\nAlthough strength training exercises do not burn many calories on their own, they allow you to build lean muscle mass, which can help increase the body's ability to burn more calories at rest.\n\nPost a Comment\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8212121725082397}
+{"content": "Teaching young kids music note reading\n\nDo you have to teach the kids the notes over and over?\n\nProblem: Reading music from multiple staff lines\nWhen learning to read music notes, it is hard, especially for kids, to keep track of which notes go where on the staff lines because having many staff lines is confusing.\n\nNevertheless staff lines are more useful than ledger lines, the tiny lines added to each note that go beyond the standard five line staff.\n\nEmbodiment: Music notation gradual line display & varied line spacing\nA beginner learns music notation in the following order. First the middle C is displayed (Fig. 1, 101). Then the first line of the five line staff is displayed allowing the beginner to learn the notes D,E and F as well as the C (102). Then the second line of the five line staff is displayed allowing the beginner to learn the notes G and A in addition to the previous notes (103). This continues until all five staffs are displayed. The staff keys may be displayed as well (104). So far I have discussed one staff but in piano, for example, there are two staffs and the lines of the second staff can be displayed similarly beginning with one line, then two, etc.\n\nThe number of lines can be determined when printed, or if displayed electronically, changed with the piece played (if it contains only three neighboring notes the notes can be mapped onto the first line by transposition and remaining lines are not displayed) or changed with a setting as the user becomes more and more advanced. Using transposition, neighboring notes can be moved around as to require just the first line, the first two lines, or all the lines (if one requires that the middle C stays fixed).\n\nIf the display is a printed display, the number of lines can be changed with transparent overlaid pages that just display additional lines and it can also be determined by controlling the printer that prints the printed display.\n\nChanging the spacing between the lines also allows for the eye to quicker discern, for example, whether a note is between the 2nd and 3rd lines or between the 3rd and 4th lines. Thus if the spacing between the 3rd and 4th line is a little larger (or smaller) than the spacing between the 2nd and the 3rd lines the eye can more quickly tell the identity of the lines and by extension the position of the notes.\n\nThis adjusted spacing can be implemented on an electronic display and allow for the user to decide where the spacing change would occur and how much. These adjustment(s) would also allow for more than five lines being displayed so that the high or low notes that go beyond the five lines can be displayed on lines and fewer tiny ledger lines would be needed.\n\nFor example, if six lines are displayed above or below the middle C, the next ledger line would indicate another C – in other words both the middle C and the first ledger line C would look similar making the notes a lot easier to read. If there are a lot of notes on ledger lines, then after the first ledger line C, another staff of 6 lines could be displayed and instead of having one staff with ledger lines there would be two staffs without ledger lines other than the two Cs. All of these embodiments can be implemented with electronic displays and also with electronic controls of printing presses.\n\nFig. 1 Note line display\n\nBy Eugen Tarnow, PhD (MIT)\n\nIf you are interested in licensing this invention write us at info@avabiz.com or call us at 646 825 9080 x1114\n\nPatent applications for sale\nHelping pianists minimize key movements\nInternet commenting system\nKeeping the Yamaha piano class on under control\nLocalizing the smoke detector with the bad battery\nMore feedback from an electronic piano\nPastaSizer™ - the Fastest Way to Get One Spaghetti Portion out of the Box & into the Pot\nRating pillow noise\nRecycling perforations on pizza box - perforations separating likely soiled parts from non-soiled parts of pizza boxes\nShoe tongue retractable extender to make it easier to put on shoes without bending down\nSneaker tongue retractable extender\nSpaghetti box with portion size indicator\nTeaching young kids music note reading\nWomen's dress zipper retractable extender", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9979208707809448}
+{"content": "What are Control Securities?\n\nControl Securities are Held By Affiliates Under Rule 144\n\n\n\n\nBuyers of 144 Stock from Affiliates Receive Restricted Stock\n\n\nWhat is a Rule 144 Non Shell Opinion?\n\nClearing Firms Can Request Opinions Regarding the Issuer’s Non Shell Status Even if the Certificate is Without Restriction\n\nSometimes Shareholder already hold stock certificates with the restricted legend removed, so a typical 144 letter is not requested by a clearing firm.  However, even when the cert appears free trading, sometimes the Issuer’s financials and filings are light on detail, leading some to question whether or not the Issuer is an undeclared shell.  When this happens, Shareholder’s can obtain a Non Shell Opinion Letter from an experienced securities attorney, like those at OTCLawyers.com.\n\nWhat is a Shell According to Rule 144?\n\nUnder Rule 144, a Company does not meet the definition of a “shell” if it has more than\n\n  1. Nominal operations;\n  2. Assets consisting solely of cash and cash equivalents; or\n\nWhen a staff attorney or compliance specialist at a brokerage requests a Non Shell Opinion Letter, they are looking for specific details which demonstrate that the Issuer has an operating business and significant assets.\n\nNot All Securities Attorneys Draft Rule 144 Non Shell Opinions\n\nNot every securities attorney will be comfortable with drafting a Non Shell letter under Rule 144 if the Issuer’s filings show zero dollars on the balance sheet.\n\nHowever, an experienced securities law firm like the Law Office of Matheau J. W. Stout, Esq. knows that sometimes Issuers hold significant assets that are not highlighted in their financials, but may be referenced within their disclosures, such as intellectual property, land, equipment, accounts receivable and leases.\n\nShareholders should consult with a securities attorney who is willing to research the Non Shell issue thoroughly, and who can document an OTC Issuer’s assets and operations in a detail Non Shell Opinion Letter.\n\nWhen Does the Rule 144 Holding Period Start for Consulting Services?\n\nAt the Law Office of Matheau J. W. Stout, Esq., we are often called upon to research and draft SEC Rule 144 legal opinions for Shareholders who acquired stock as payment for consulting services.\n\nThe Consulting Agreement Should State the Holding Period Under Rule 144\n\nThe underlying Consulting Agreement is the most important document for a securities attorney to review when preparing a 144 letter in this situation because the language in the document will determine the holding period.  Sometimes consultants working with OTCMarkets Issuers do not specify when the services are fully performed, and that can be problematic.\n\nUnder Rule 144, the Holding Period Does Not Start Until the Stock is Fully “Paid For”\n\nThe key here is that the holding period does not begin until the stock was fully earned, or paid for by the services.  Sometimes Consulting Agreements are not specific in this regard, and that makes clearing restricted stock difficult, even when all other aspects of Rule 144 are met.   Situations like this call for an experienced securities law firm, which can thoroughly review all of the facts and documents on which the legal opinion relies.\n\nVague Wording in Consulting Agreements Can Make Clearing Restricted Stock Difficult\n\nIf the Consulting Agreement states that in exchange for 1,000,000 shares, “the Consultant will provide services until August 1, 2020”, then the consideration paid for the Shares may not be fully “paid” until 2020 even if the document is over a year old. That is a terrible result due to vague language.   That ambiguity can sometimes be remedied by a Board Resolution or letter from an Officer or Director of the Issuer, provided that relationship is still good.  But what if the Consultant and Issuer are no longer working together?  Or what if the Issuer is under the control of new management?\n\nSpecific Rule 144 Language in Consulting Agreements is Recommended\n\nContrast that with a Consulting Agreement that specifically states\n\n“Issuer agrees that all 1,000,000 Shares shall be fully earned on June 1, 2010.  Upon Consultant’s request, Issuer shall issue a Board Resolution and Transfer Agent instructions confirming that on June 1, 2010, Consultant shall be deemed to have paid full consideration for the 1,000,000 Shares under SEC Rule 144.”\n\nLanguage like this is a good indicator that a securities attorney with expertise in Rule 144 drafted the document.    Whether you are a consultant who would like a tightly drafted Consulting Agreement to use when providing services to OTC Bulletin Board and Pink Sheet companies, or a Shareholder trying to clear restricted stock, visit OTCLawyers.com to learn the next steps.\n\nSelling Restricted and Control Securities under SEC Rule 144\n\nSEC Rule 144 Provides Exemptions from SEC Registration Under Certain Conditions\n\nIf a Shareholder wants to remove a restricted legend in order to sell restricted stock or control stock, he or she must qualify for an exemption to the normal registration process for securities mandated by the SEC. The SEC Rule 144 criteria including different provisions for Affiliates and Non Affiliates.\n\nRule 144 Affiliate\n\nAn Affiliate is a control person (giving rise to the term control stock), usually an officer, company founder, director, spouse or child of such persons living under the same roof.   Affiliates have more stringent requirements in order to qualify for the safe harbor provisions in Rule 144.\n\nRestricted Stock Opinion Considerations for Securities Attorneys\n\nThe main points to consider when talking with an experienced broker and securities attorney are:\n\n  1. Is the Shareholder an Affiliate (or has he or she ever been an Affiliate)?\n  2. Did the Shareholder acquire the Shares in a registration directly from the Company (S-1 or S-2 etc)?\n  3. How long has the Shareholder owned or held the securities?\n  4. Did the Shareholder acquire the Shares from an Affiliate?\n  5. Has the Company been a “shell” or “blank check company” within the last year?\n\nAn experienced stockbroker familiar with 144 stock can be of great help to Shareholders hoping to sell restricted stock.  These brokers are often the quarterback and main point of contact for the team that includes a qualified securities attorney and the Company’s transfer agent.\n\nCan RestrictedStockOpinion.net Accept My Broker’s Rule 144 Forms?\n\nSecurities Attorneys Research SEC.gov When Drafting 144 Opinions\n\nWe Accept All Brokers’ Rule 144 Documentation\n\n\n\nNo matter what documentation the shareholder is able to provide, our securities attorneys review the issuing company’s filings on SEC.gov or OTC Markets.  They also review the company’s history, and the transactions between affiliates and related parties leading up to the issuance of the restricted stock.\n\n144 Opinion Letters Will Address All Relevant Provisions of SEC Rule 144\n\nAfter that process is complete, a thorough 144 opinion letter is drafted within one day and addressed to the company’s transfer agent.  In all of the 144 opinion letters issued by the securities lawyers working with RestrictedStockOpinion.net, the requisite provisions of SEC Rule 144 are systematically addressed, so that the transfer agent is able to rely with confidence on the 144 opinions they receive from us.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.97394198179245}
+{"content": "Search Sheriff's Website\nEducation Based Incarceration Programs\n < 1 2 3 4 5 6  >\nDiscusses the techniques and skills of effective parenting, including behavioral modification techniques.\nLeadership TrainingLeadership Training:\nOffers the basics of individual and group leadership, including the importance of values, ethics, and attitudes.\nInterpersonal CommunicationInterpersonal Communication:\nConflict ResolutionConflict Resolution:\nThis course focuses on how to manage and resolve interpersonal conflicts, including managing our responses, achieving rapport, taking perspective, and managing emotions.\nAnger ManagementAnger Management:\nHelps students understand how to recognize and control emotions, resolve conflicts, and improve interpersonal relationships.\nMoral Reconation TrainingMoral Reconation Training (MRT):\nEBILogoColor-SmlMultidisciplinary and Hybrid Programs:\nComprehensive, three-dimensional, or \"wrap-around\" educational and therapeutic courses. EBI has developed a full spectrum of academic, vocational, cognitive behavioral, and other comprehensive techniques.\nMERITMasters2Maximizing Education Reaching Individual Transformation (M.E.R.I.T.):\nThrough personal accountability, and increases the student's skills at utilizing options and resources for success. The five pillars of MERIT consist of anger management, parenting, relationships, drug education, and spiritual growth.\nHollywood ImpactHollywood Impact:\nSMARTSocial Mentoring Academic & Rehabilitative Training (SMART)\nLos Angeles County Seal\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9839633703231812}
+{"content": "Chapter 3: Formatting Images for Kindle\n\nImages can add flavor to your content; however, if you format them improperly, they can be more of a hassle than a supplement to your work. I’ll show you here how to format your images so that they will render properly on Kindle.\n\nBefore you begin, make sure all of your images are of a high enough resolution to be used in your ebook. If you don’t know much about creating print-ready images for inclusion in ebooks, you may want to consult a graphic designer, who can assist you with getting your images in a proper format. You can also learn a bit about image resolution and print-ready artwork in the advanced version of my How to Design a Book Using Adobe InDesign.\n\nWe are going to be using Microsoft Word’s image editing features to adjust the size of images and place them within the document. Then we will create paragraph style for the images so they will behave like the text when Kindle reads the information. Following these simple steps will avoid a lot of hassles.\n\nLet’s say you want to insert a chart on a specific page in your document. You’ve already added a placeholder in your document to remind you to place the chart. You would go to that placeholder (the information in carets) and delete the information. Then go to the “Insert” tab at the top of your window and click Pictures.\n\n\nThen select the image you want to place. You should see the image appear in your document.\n\n\nIf you click anywhere within the image, you will see a bounding box appear around it. With this box you can adjust the size of the image. If your image appears too large for the page on which you are working, you’ll want to resize the image so that it will fit within the borders of the page. Just go to one of the corners and then, while holding down the Shift key, move the cursor to increase or decrease the size of the image. Using the Shift key assures that the image will remain proportional to the one you had originally placed. Without using the Shift key, you run the likelihood of distorting the image.\n\nIf you want text to wrap around an image, you can select the icon that looks like an upside down “U,” located to the right of the image, and select the type of text wrap.\n\n\nJust as with the text, you will now want to create a style for the images in your book. Let’s say you want images to show up centered on the page and you want to add some space above and below so it doesn’t run right into the text.\n\nIn your Paragraph Styles, create a new style called “Images” (assuming that all images will be formatted the same way). For this style, we don’t have to worry about a font, or whether the font is boldface, underlined, or italicized. But we do want the image to show up as centered with a little space above and below. Remember, don’t manually add spaces into your document; create spaces through the formatting features!\n\nYour image formatting should look like this:\n\n\nJust for fun, let’s see if you can handle this minor adjustment. How would you create a caption for the image you just inserted? What if you wanted it to be a different size font and you wanted it to appear directly below the image? How would you adjust the formatting of the image paragraph style and the caption style to make this work?\n\nFirst, you’d have to create a style for the captioned material. You could call it “Caption,” and then add it to your Styles list. If you remember back to when we created the style for images, we added some space before and after the image so that it would appear to float. But now that we have a caption, we don’t want the space to go between the caption and the image. Now, instead, we’ll take out the space that comes after the image and then add it to the Caption style. That way there will be space between the caption and the body text.\n\nKeep in mind that any changes you make to a style will be reflected in every instance where the style is applied. If you have images where you don’t want a caption, for example, you’ll need to create a new style that will add back in the space after the image. The simplest way to make alterations to an existing style is to go to your styles list and locate the style. Then right click on it and select “Modify…”\n\n\nThis will allow you to make alterations. Note than any changes you make to a style will changes every other instance of that style.\n\nKeep formatting your book accordingly. When you are done, go back a do a little proofing to make sure you have no extra spaces and that all of your content is formatted—even the images. Click on a paragraph or an image to see what style is assigned to it. If you don’t see a style show up (or if it just shows up as Normal) you will need to assign a style.\n\nChapter 4: Creating the Contents Page\n\nReturn to Contents Page", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9759371280670166}
+{"content": "Site Overlay\n\nAmendment 20\n\nTo say our founding fathers have been ahead considering is an understatement. The Supremacy Clause in Article VI makes the Structure, federal legal guidelines, and treaties “the supreme Legislation of the Land.” Beneath this clause, state courts may not interpret the Invoice of Rights, or some other constitutional provision, differently than does the Supreme Courtroom.\n\nPursuant to the Fourteenth Modification, Congress has handed a number of Civil Rights statutes that defend African Individuals and different racial groups from discrimination in the private sector. Originally, Article I endowed the state legislatures with the power to decide on members of the Senate.\n\nThe Supreme Courtroom has dominated that the media are immune from libel actions introduced by public officials until the plaintiff can reveal that a particular story was printed or aired with data that it was false or in reckless disregard of its veracity, a precept that has grow to be known as the “actual-malice” normal (big apple occasions v. sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, eighty four S. Ct. 710, 11 L. Ed. 2d 686 1964).constitutional law\n\nBetween these two powers lies a grey space through which presidents have exercised the prerogative to commit U.S. troops to foreign military excursions without congressional approval. Implicit within the concept of a structure is the concept of a higher regulation” that takes precedence over all other legal guidelines.constitutional law\n\nThe Twenty-First Modification repeals the Eighteenth Amendment , which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors, in any other case referred to as Prohibition The Sixteenth Amendment establishes the congressional energy to lay and collect revenue taxes.constitutional law", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9014852046966553}
+{"content": "Writing a compare and contrast essay outline\n\nHow to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay\n\nWell, the principle of attraction states that they do. The next paragraph will compare another point and how the subjects are related to that point, and so on. Both of them guard their favorites, but their choices do not match their personalities.\n\nIt is always a big question for beginner writers how to write a compare and contrast essay. While Morgan loves rawhide bones, sleeping throughout the day and relaxing, Molly is a different kind of girl.\n\nBut you should note that it is still important to be competent on the topic you are writing about. It is great to be able to write from scratch the whole paper, but the working process will flow easier if you create an outline. Do this under the theme and main topic.\n\n\nA more detailed and multifarious thesis statement will typically consist of both similarities and dissimilarities. It should be bright and adequately highlighted The last point to always remember is that you can never get better at writing without practice.\n\nGet yourself a topic; Stage 2: Answer the question \"So What? What is going to be engaging for the reader?\n\nIt should be just one paragraph long.\n\nHow to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay Outline\n\nDiscuss how the second point relates or differs from topic A and topic B Continue on as needed. How to Write Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Any paper should have its outline to get started with the correct direction.\n\nYou must support your facts with reliable sources that provide accurate information. Apple Trees and Oak Trees, albeit not very interesting subjects, are comparable. Some experts say that this final paragraph is even more important than the introduction.\n\n\nIt’s all in the outline: mastering the compare and contrast essay\n\n\nIf this is the case, try writing a compare and contrast essay outline organized by item, not points. Order now When comparing two completely different subject matters, both may not fit within a particular topic or criteria (again, think apples and dragons).\n\nHow to Do a Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Click to see example. The content of a compare and contrast essay is about two different, yet relatively related entities which are critically analyzed on the basis of their similarities or differences. 7 Tips on How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay Compare & contrast essay is, as we said before, a simple, interesting paper format to deal with.\n\nThe main idea lies right on the surface that its name talks for itself. There are several formats for writing a compare and contrast essay, but I’ll use point-by-point organization to make my outline.\n\n\nWriting a compare and contrast essay outline\nRated 4/5 based on 9 review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5292754769325256}
+{"content": "Betelgeuse Shop\n\nA Distant Thunder (1978) DVD\n\nRegular price $9.99\n\nA Distant Thunder (1978) Director:  Donald W. Thompson Writers:  Donald W. Thompson (story and screenplay),Russell S. Doughten Jr. (story and screenplay) Stars:  Patty Dunning, Sally Johnson, Sandy Christen   The second film, A Thief in the Night being the first, A Distant Thunder continues the story of Patty, a young woman living in the \"end times\" referred to in biblical prophecy. This action suspense thriller finds Patty living as a fugitive, trying to hide from the ever increasing evil around her. Relentlessly pursued and finally captured by the forces of UNITE, she is given a choice: Either receive \"the mark\" or face death.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7179111838340759}
+{"content": "Kaveh Moravej\n\nUnscientific Belief\n\n\"Science is the 'process of understanding the world through experimentation and observation' whereas beliefs are 'feelings that something is true.' Thus, the former represents an ideal of discovering truth that exists separate from the knower, whereas beliefs are internally held understandings filtered through one's world view. By 'unscientific belief', something is held as generalizable fact without substantial scientific supporting evidence...\"\n\n(Brown et al. Adv. Nutr. 5: 563-565, 2014.)\n\nThink of the word science today and what immediately comes to mind are subjects such as physics, chemistry or biology — people in lab coats, holding test tubes or peering into microscopes. Yet the methods of science now pervade throughout many other disciplines. The hypothesis, scepticism and maintaining objectivity, have all become mainstays of every serious discipline. Much like the scientist in the laboratory, the finest historians approach their subject with similar care and diligence, for doing so allows for a more credible claim to 'the truth'. In examining hundreds, if not thousands of documents, analytical objectivity is of utmost importance. A course of events must be observed free from all biases, requiring both a high degree of inner psychological awareness, as well as a systematic approach to considering alternative explanations.\n\nBeyond the realm of institutional research — as T.H. Huxley showed — the scientific method can be applied to all areas of life. Indeed, the scientific mindset can be thought of as inherently evolutionary and revolutionary, for it always threatens to reveal the old order as a shambolic and factitious edifice. It encourages us to ask the most important question and to use the word which has driven forth the intelligence and enlightenment of our species: Why?\n\nWhy are things as they are? Why must they be this way? These are fundamentally important questions which batter away at the pillars of unscientific belief. None of these questions would be possible without careful observation.\n\nAs C.G. Jung observed, much of what humans do is imitative. Of course, this serves us well as children, for it allows us to learn at a rapid pace. As an adult though, such an approach — leading to conformity of thought — becomes a hindrance to our progress, for it minimises the importance of higher cognitive skills such as critical thinking. We assume that certain beliefs must be correct and valid, simply because they have been done in that fashion for a prolonged period of time and that many others have also believed it to be true. It is as if time and voluminous numbers of individuals act as a stamp of truth on beliefs, no matter how foolish and unscientific. As we put many such beliefs under the microscope, we find them crumbling under the rigour of scientific questioning.\n\nIn the scientific way, nothing is set in stone. We must accept that what we know is — at least for the time being — the best possible explanation. The public often has a disdain for such thinking, ridiculing the often contradictory nature of research studies, for they expect discoveries to be handed to them in the form of absolute truths. Much to our detriment, absolutist thinking often thrives in societies. It should only be natural for people to embrace such a way of thinking, for it provides black and white answers to questions that are deeply steeped in grey.\n\nThe public thirsts for certainty and is often easily swayed by appeals to atavistic emotions and instincts. Of course, within the fog of emotion, no man can effectively summon his rationality and higher cognitive skills. Thus he becomes an unscientific thinker. Despite this fact, emotions are a core element of human psychology. The scientific way is therefore inherently at odds with 'natural' human psychology.\n\nNot surprisingly then, we find that even trained scientists have at one time or another been associated with beliefs which we consider today to be deeply unscientific. Despite his stance against slavery, the biologist T.H. Huxley had fallen under the influence of common beliefs during his time (mid-19th century) when he wrote:\n\n\nWhat were these 'facts' that made Huxley so confident in holding the above view? There were certainly no objective tests of intelligence carried out on a large and relevant sample size. Instead, much of it was based on fallacious correlations arising out of certain structural differences which had been observed by Huxley and a number of other scientists. Words like 'higher races' and 'lower races' were a common feature of these studies.\n\nA century later, the ethologist Konrad Lorenz held many shocking pseudo-scientific beliefs that were rooted in Nazi ideology. Lorenz applied for membership of the Nazi party in 1938 and over the next several years in papers and addresses argued that animal behaviour studies could shed light on matters of racial hygiene. He also expressed support for Nazi race purity laws and argued that Darwinism, properly understood, led not to communism or socialism but instead to National Socialism. Again, a scientist had been swept up in the unscientific beliefs of his time.\n\nUnscientific beliefs are not the preserve of individual scientists. They can infect an entire community. In the decade following the Second World War, the groundbreaking research of a geneticist was dismissed for decades, once again on spurious unscientific grounds. Barbara McClintock was a geneticist whose experimental and theoretical work played a key part in driving forward the genetics which increasingly lay behind plant breeding. Her big conceptual break was that she showed how flexible and dynamic genes were — in particular, how they could move around on the chromosome and how they could work in relationship to each other. The work was so ahead of its time that her less imaginative colleagues simply ignored it. Not until 1970 did her work begin to receive the recognition which it rightfully deserved.\n\nMoving on another decade, Rachel Carson, a biologist and environmental activist was ridiculed not for the substance of her arguments, but for her gender, together with the threat that her research posed to powerful US agro-chemical interests. While pesticides were causing environmental devastation, smug experts in white lab coats who promised 'better living through chemistry,' were dismissing her warnings as feminine hysteria. Some even went so far as to call her a communist subversive — a pernicious accusation in a country swept up by anti-communist hysteria. Her adversaries constantly raised her gender and her unmarried status as a vector for attack, yet here was a scientist and writer who was once again decades ahead of her critics when it came to an understanding of ecology.\n\nThere are many more examples of scientists who have acted at odds with the principles of science, and they persist to this day.\n\n\"So what?\" one might say, scientists are human too - susceptible to greed, selfishness, peer pressure and questionable methods in the pursuit of status. Like the gene whose expression is influenced by its environment, the scientist's behaviour is in part determined by his own environment. Huxley lived amidst a deeply prejudicial society. Lorenz was swayed by the fervour of Nazism. The critics of Carson were inheritors of a culture of misogyny, reaching all the way back to ancient Athens. Their training and years of experience did nothing to stop them from internalising unscientific beliefs.\n\nWe are not infallible, and it would be sheer hubris to think that an education in the principles of science alone would prevent any man or woman from adopting unscientific beliefs. We cannot escape our environment. Nor can we choose the moment in time for our existence. Much of science is oriented towards the outer world, yet only by casting a scrupulous eye towards the inner self — using those same principles of critical thinking, scepticism and logic-checking, on our own beliefs — can we escape the trap of unscientific belief. In the words of Rachel Carson, we must \"prove our maturity and our mastery, not of nature, but of ourselves.\"", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.770881175994873}
+{"content": "No Sound - randomly!\n\n\nJust puchased the WD TV live and hooked it up to my TV. Installed the latest firmware.\n\nWhenever I play any kind of media (tried it with .mkv (AAC sound), .avi (MPEG sound) and a simple .mp3 tune) the sound randomly doesn’t start. When I re-start the file it sometimes works then. In a video, though, when I forward it can happen that the sound is missing again after resuming the video playback.\n\nIs that a common issue? Is it related to a specific audio codec? I hope anyone can let me know how to fix this. Otherwise this device is useless :frowning:\n\n\nMe again. Just hooked it up at my friend’s TV (Samsung LCD). It worked without any audio problems!\n\nOn my Toshiba though I found out it is related to the HDMI connector. It’s the same cable as when tried with the Samsung described above. But strangely the Toshiba randomly doesn’t get the audio signal from the HDMI. When I use the Toshiba remote and switch HDMI channels back and forth the sound comes back up! Strange…\n\nAnyone experienced this issue??\n\n\nI have the same problem sometimes. Usually a restart of the unit solves the problem.\n\nI also have a Toshiba TV. Though having said that I have found the same issue with other TV’s. The problem seems fairly randon though.\n\n\nI just tested with another Toshiba TV and it worked fine.\n\nThe problem DOES occur on the Toshiba 42RV555D\n\nIt does NOT occur on a Toshiba 32C3000P\n\nWhat is your TV’s model? Maybe this can be addressed by a firmware update…", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7228597402572632}
+{"content": "Hydroxyapatite (also called hydroxylapatite) is the primary mineral component of bone. It has the chemical formula of 3Ca3(PO4)2*Ca(OH)2 and forms a needle-shaped crystal which is arranged with other needles in a rosette. It melts above 1100°C and cannot be dissolved in water.\n\nA form of the mineral is used by molecular biologists in certain column chromatography lab techniques to separate single-stranded nucleic acids from double-stranded ones (the mineral tends to hang on to the double-stranded molecules while letting the single-stranded ones pass through the column unimpeded), or to separate different proteins.\n\n\"Hydroxyapatite\" is also used to refer to similar minerals which have Ba (barium) or Sr (strontium) in the place of the Ca (calcium) atoms. These minerals are found in deposits of phosphorite and in biological tissue.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9985476732254028}
+{"content": "Concerning fidelity in design\n\nPeople swear by their design processes. Rachel Glaves insists on sketching by hand; Dan Brown urges extensive wireframing; while Ryan Singer goes straight to HTML. Heated debates arise at conferences as advocates staunchly defend their favorite techniques.\n\n\nDesign methods are not mutually exclusive. Rather, each method exists on a continuum of fidelity, ranging from low fidelity sketches to high fidelity HTML prototypes. Each method is well-suited for a particular phase of the design process, with one level of fidelity often leading into the next.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9962477684020996}
+{"content": "Benutzerhandbuch Datenschutzhinweis Impressum Kontakt\n\n\n\n\n\nRelease patterns of astrocytic and neuronal biochemical markers in serum during and after experimental settings of cardiac surgery\n\n\nSchroeter,  Matthias L.\nMPI of Cognitive Neuroscience (Leipzig, -2003), The Prior Institutes, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;\n\nExterne Ressourcen\nEs sind keine Externen Ressourcen verfügbar\nVolltexte (frei zugänglich)\n\n(beliebiger Volltext), 2MB\n\nErgänzendes Material (frei zugänglich)\nEs sind keine frei zugänglichen Ergänzenden Materialien verfügbar\n\nAbdul-Khaliq, H., Schubert, S., Stoltenburg-Didinger, G., Huebler, M., Troitzsch, D., Wehsack, A., et al. (2003). Release patterns of astrocytic and neuronal biochemical markers in serum during and after experimental settings of cardiac surgery. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 21(3-4), 141-150.\n\nOBJECTIVE: Brain injury and altered psychomotor development in infants, children and adults after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is still a matter of concern. Early diagnosis and identification of brain injury that has occurred or is ongoing by measurement of biochemical markers in serum may have diagnostic and prognostic value. The aim of the experimental studies in an animal model was therefore to investigate the release patterns of astroglial and neuronal markers in serum and to determine the morphological and immunohistochemical changes in the brain of animals undergoing similar perfusion conditions of CPB and a period of DHCA. METHODS: Fourteen New Zealand rabbits, (weight, 3.1 +/- 0.25 kg) were anesthetized, intubated and mechanically ventilated. Four animals were sham operated and served as controls. After median sternotomy the animals were connected to CPB by cannulation of the aorta and right atrium. Full flow CPB (200-250 ml/kg/min) was initiated to achieve homogeneous systemic cooling. Circulatory arrest of 60 minutes was induced when rectal and nasopharyngeal temperature of 14 degrees C was achieved. After rewarmed reperfusion and establishment of stable cardiac ejection the animals were weaned from CPB and monitored for 6 hours. Then the animals were killed, the brain was immediately removed and cut in standardized sections. These were fixated, embedded in paraffin and stained for further quantitative histological studies. In the brain astrocyte reactivity for S-100B was assessed immunocytochemically (DPC Immustain Los Angeles, USA). Monoclonal mouse anti-human neurospecific enolase (NSE) antibody was used for the localization of NSE in the fixed and paraffin embedded brain (NSE-DAKO, H14). The concentrations of S-100B protein and neurospecific enolase (NSE) in the serum were analyzed using a commercially available immunoluminometric assay (LIA-mat, Sangtec 100, Byk-Sangtec). Immunospecific monoclonal anti-parvalbumin antibody was used for the detection of parvalbumin in the brain. Serum concentrations of parvalbumin were analyzed using a newly developed ELISA method. RESULTS: In all experimental animals a significant increase of the serum concentration of the astroglial protein S-100B was found immediately after reperfusion and the termination of CPB. In contrast the serum levels of the neuronal proteins parvalbumin and NSE were not increased, but rather decreased. Light microscopy and electron microscopy revealed perivascular astrocytic swelling and minor neuronal cell injury. In comparison to the sham operated animals, increased immunohistochemical staining of S-100B was found. This increased reactivity of S100B antibody was found in the astrocytic processes with immediate connection to the perivascular space and around the perivascular oedema. The immunocytochemical stainings for NSE and parvalbumin in the neuronal cells was not different from that of sham-operated animals and indicated well preserved neurons.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7099435329437256}
+{"content": "Quotation Explorer - 'Night'\n\nSome thoughts are too angry to sleep. They lie awake all night and become obsessions. - Marty Rubin\nI’ll never forget the magic of our Saturday nights. Special moments carved in my mind by you the sculptor of my love. Let’s dance the night away. Who needs music, when your heart already sings to me. - ~ Fidelis O Mkparu (2016), author of ‘Love’s affliction’\nThe silence of the night awakens my soul - Dorinda Duclos\nI've never really understood why people sleep. Wasting a third of your life and becoming vulnerable for almost 8 hours every night. Doesn't seem very appealing to me. - Banksy\nWe keep asking where they have gonethose years we remember and wereach for them like hands in the night - W.S. Merwin\n...before the dawn I leave the night behind meand before my heart I let you leave me behind.- from the poem 'Behind - Munia Khan\nEither conquer the night, or become one of its conquests. - Abigail Biddinger\nNo matter how dark the night may get, your light will never burn out. - Jeanette LeBlanc\nWe walked through night until there was a poem. - Brenda Hillman\nSometimes I lie awake at night and I ask, \"Why me?\", then a voice answers \"Nothing personal, your name just happened to come up. - Charles M. Schulz\nYou know you're a hot mess when the only person buying you drinks all night is yourself. - Chelsea Handler\nEnlightenment arrives like a thief in the middle of the dark night of the soul. - Stefan Emunds\nI'm looking for something new to believe in that isn't the way people yearn at night in the city. - Constance Renfrow, \"The Edge of Happiness\" Songs of my Selfie\nJust as stars shine brightest in the darkest night, your joy blazes brilliantly through life’s problems when you count them as joy. - Elizabeth George\nYou don’t need a sad soul to feel the beauty of a dead graveJust stay with the pale moonwhen darkness wants the night to be brave - Munia Khan\nIf giving to the needy makes me sleep every night, then I will do it everyday. - Gugu Mona\nWhen I lay my head on the pillow at night I can say I was a decent person today. That's when I feel beautiful. - Drew Barrymore\nYet, as only New Yorkers know, if you can get through the twilight, you'll live through the night. - Dorothy Parker\nLet craft, ambition, spite, Be quenched in Reason's night, Till weakness turn to might, Till what is dark be light, Till what is wrong be right! - Lewis Carroll\nThough I exist in the realms of day and night, I'm only truly alive in the moments between. - Hubert Martin\nI think so muchmay be it never endswhen this night endsthere's another at handI sleep with oneand wake with onewith everything else onthis life goes on. - Jyoti Mishra\nNever go down to the darkest room. Stay far away from the rotting coffin. If you want to live through the night, let the devil sleep. - John Verdon\n.if you're looking into infinity of deep night sky, you can get the deepest thoughts.. - Boris Kovalík\nHer screams spiraled up into the night air - Holly Black\nThe trees and shrubs rear white arms to the sky on every side; and where were walls and fences, we see forms stretching in frolic gambols across the dusky landscape, as if Nature had strewn her fresh designs over the fields by night as models for man's art. - Henry David Thoreau\nRoom service? Send up a larger room.\"[A Night at the Opera] - Groucho Marx\nIn the dark I rest,unready for the light which dawnsday after day,eager to be shared.Black silk, shelter me.I needmore of the night before I openeyes and heartto illumination. I must stillgrow in the dark like a rootnot ready, not ready at all. - Denise Levertov\nNature and Nature's laws lay hid in night. God said, \"Let Newton be!\" and all was light. - Alexander Pope\nEven the most beautiful of the starsare taken for grantednight after night. - Veronika Jensen\nIf making a difference in someone else’s life makes me sleep every night, then I will do it everyday. - Gugu Mona\nThe stars give light to night sky. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nI used to think as I looked out on the Hollywood night there must be thousands of girls sitting alone like me, dreaming of becoming a movie star. But I'm not going to worry about them. I'm dreaming the hardest. - Marilyn Monroe\nwhen you are at the top you only see shadows and when your at the bottom you are blinded by the light but from the middle everything is pleasing... day and night - Robert Wesley Miller\nMost people assume I write at night because of the kind of books I write, but I can shut out the light with my mind. - Carla H. Krueger\nLast night I dreamt that somebody loved me.No hope, no harm; just another false alarm - Morrissey\nLightning hides the colour of night - Munia Khan\nFor the others, like me, there is only the flashOf negative knowledge, the night when, drunk, oneStaggers to the bathroom and stares in the glassTo meet one’s madness - W. H. Auden\nI try to pray everyday or night to thank my Personal Lord for all that he has given me, all that he is giving me, and all that he will give me. - James Hauenstein\nI discovered that night (in his college's student politics) that an audience has a feel to it, and, in the parlance of the theater, that audience and I were together. - Ronald Reagan\nWhen life is difficult, try looking up at the night sky. A million stars proclaim aloud His Handiwork. And you know you are never alone. - Anusha Atukorala\nLet the night take you. Let the stars evaporate into your dreams. Let sleep be the only comfort for you to believe. - Anthony Liccione\nI hate it when my foot falls asleep during the day because that means it's going to be up all night. - Steven Wright\nPlease let me know if I am not hereLet me know if I fail to find you thereFor before the dawn I leave the night behind meAnd before my heart I let you leave me behind. - Munia Khan\nSharing your kindness sparks understanding all around. Then like fireflies in the night, twinkling love surrounds you. - Amy Leigh Mercree\nThe moment when you dream of someone deeply at night and in the morning you see that person staring and smiling at you.For me there is no word to express that feeling. - M.F. Moonzajer\nSuccess means we go to sleep at night knowing that our talents and ablities were used in a way that served others. - Marianne Williamson\nIf one night you see someone committing a sin, tomorrow do not look at him as a sinner. He may have repented during the night and you did not know. - Ali ibn Abi Talib\nLove is a song, written in your heart.The moon is a poem in a starry night. - Debasish Mridha\nWhen did I realize I was God? Well, I was praying one night and realized I was talking to myself.\nRevolt, my child, revolt is a quick axe cleaving dead wood in the forest by night. The woodsman of the day is the executioner.\nWe may be lost stars in an ocean of constellations on a dark night but do remember we both belong to the same sky. I breathe the same air that you breathe, we both look at the same luminosity above us. You are the music and I am the lyrics. - Elizabeth E. Castillo\nAm I afraid of ghosts? My life experience has taught me to be much more afraid of what a human is capable of in broad daylight than what a ghost is capable of at night. - Steve Maraboli\nStars are not praised for shining during the day, but at night. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nEverything that is good in the day is even better in the night. - Joe Hill\nDesire is a powerful boat herding anchors and chains in the middle of the night. - Rosabetty Muñoz\nYou are the prettiest flower in the garden of my love. As the moon longs for the night, my heart longs for your heart. - Debasish Mridha\nThere is no sun without shadow, and it is essential to know the night. - Albert Camus\nMy hours are filled with fantasy and indifference. In day and night dreams, I think of my heaven with you. All the time in between, I carelessly spend in hell without you. - Kamand Kojouri\nCinderella never asked for a prince. She asked for a night off and a dress. - Kiera Cass\nThe only true borders lie between day and night, between life and death, between hope and loss. - Erin Hunter\nThe warrior of the night knows the sacredness of warfare. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nLet the love of the moon kiss you good night, let the morning sun wake you up with loving light. - Debasish Mridha\nHe has one in a million chance of being with her, yet he dreams about that single chance every night. - Anonymous\nSaturday 12 July 1823 [Halifax]Could not sleep last night. Dozing, hot & disturbed ... a violent longing for a female companion came over me. Never remember feeling it so painfully before ... It was absolute pain to me. - Anne Lister\nNot for everyone a darkest night is bid farewell by a bright sunrise. - Saud khan\nDon't forget - you're the one who swam across the freezing sea at night. - Haruki Murakami\nI just want to feel like home. I just want Rosabelle. My other half. Where she was day, I was night. While I was earth, she was sky.\" -Dreams, Smiles, and Bloody Tears - Chamera Sampson\nDaylight follows a dark night. - Maasai Proverb\nThis is the night to go to the theatre, like Abraham Lincoln. - John F. Kennedy\nEvery violent storm will eventually give way to sunshine; every dark night will finally fade into dawn. - Steve Goodier\nMay this night come wearing drunk cloak of love, carrying passionate desires, and intoxication of love! Tonight, may I get so drunk in love that I do not see any dreams! - Suman Pokhrel\nJust because it is night now it doesn't mean that there is no morning. Just hope for the best and be patient. - Debasish Mridha\nThe starry night moon was smiling with beauty and charm that let me know that I am the star in her sky, and she loves me forever. - Debasish Mridha\nLike the darkness of night, difficult times don’t last. - Debasish Mridha\nIn March of that year, I saw a man named Paul Barkley shot to death. It happened late at night in the parking lot of a café in Santa Rosa called Galileo’s. - Frederick Weisel\nA library implies an act of faith which generations, still in darkness hid, sign in their night in witness of the dawn.\"À qui la faute? (1872) - Victor Hugo\nA star-spangled sky and you were looking the other way,the night beckoned and waited and you waited for the day. - Saleem Sharma\nthe best ideas flow at night - Jaime Tenorio Valenzuela\nAnd to think I could be at home cleaning the cat box,\" Esther Charlemagne said. \"Watching for a Peeping Tom is so much better.\"~ Chapter 2 The Night Shadow by - Cheri Vause\nOn I’ll pass,dragging my huge love behind me.On whatfeverish night, deliria-ridden,by what Goliaths was I begot I, so bigand by no one needed? - Vladimir Mayakovsky\nI simply can’t look into the heavens on a crisp starry night and somehow bring myself to believe that the gaping expanse that engulfs the whole of me is the product of chance happenstance. And neither can I believe that the gaping expanse that rests within me is anything less. - Craig D. Lounsbrough\nThat night I didn’t say anything. I just watched you leave and in the end, I just stayed sleeping awake. Somewhere between a sweet dream and a beautiful nightmare, hoping one day you’d return to rid me of the demons you left behind. - Robert M. Drake\nWhen I wake in the morning, I wash my thoughts, brush my wisdom, and eat knowledge. I do the same at night. - Andrea L'Artiste\nNo matter how dark your night, my friend, may you always find enough light to take the next step. - John Mark Green\nEvery morning and every night, I pause for just a minute and express my gratitude for all that I have in my life and all that I have experienced. - M. James Airey\nI had a dream last night that a hamburger was eating ME! - Jerry Seinfeld\nIt all comes down to that one person you always think about before you fall asleep at night. And text \"Good Morning\" as soon as you wake up. - Jonathan Anthony Burkett\nToo lazy to be ambitious,I let the world take care of itself.Ten days' worth of rice in my bag;a bundle of twigs by the fireplace.Why chatter about delusion and enlightenment?Listening to the night rain on my roof,I sit comfortably, with both legs stretched out. - Ryokan\nFear of night. Fear of not night. - Franz Kafka\nThere's a thin line between Saturday night and Sunday morning. - Jimmy Buffett\nHow can we live without our lives? How will we know it's us without our past?\" [...] How if you wake up in the night and know -and know the willow tree's not there? Can you live without the willow tree? Well, no, you can't. The willow tree is you - John Steinbeck\nThe problem with marriage is that it ends every night after making love, and it must be rebuilt every morning before breakfast. - Gabriel García Márquez\nI married a German. Every night I dress up as Poland and he invades me. - Bette Midler\nEvery day and every night, I dance with Jesus Christ, Prophet Mohammad & all personal Gods: Krishna, Shiva & Buddha. You are welcome too ! - Santosh Kalwar\nI died last night. Seventy years too young. - Colin Thompson\nThe universe is amply supplied with night. - Neil Gaiman\nI believe the night I’ve never methides one elusive star I needto divide me between darkness and light - Munia Khan\nI love it when there’s nothingLeft to see but tiny spots of what’s still lightStories piercing the night. - Anna Jae\nI want them to see the magic of how everything is related: To walk out into the night and see the Green Corn Moon levitate across the sky. - Autumn Morning Star\nNight is my time...am not a vampire but i am a Night Rider....! - Nadeem v Abdu\nHe looked left and she turned right ment to be together but not that night... - Train\nThe whole night I was thinking and dreaming to give you the most beautiful gift and that is my heart. - Debasish Mridha\nGood evening and good night. - Dracula Bela Lugosi 1931\nTo all the readers,whom despitethe attraction of tv,of internet,of family troubles,of video games,of sport,of night clubs,have found some hoursso we can all dream together. - Bernard Werber\nMagnetic love,fought night and daystill your love get more stronger than ever. - Uche Daniel Oluwaseun\nDr. Loveless: Dang these pine needles. Why can't a forest be decently carpeted?Wild Wild West (TV) Second Season: Night of the Green Terror - Michael Garrison\nI couldn't sleep 5/23/2016 and 5/24/2016 the time between them the night which puts differences between the day and split them. - Deyth Banger\nWhat fearful shapes and shadows beset his path amidst the dim and ghastly glare of a snowy night! - Frederick Simpson Coburn\nYou are about to begin reading 's new novel, If on a Winter's Night a Traveller. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. …Tell the others right away, \"No, I don't want to watch TV!… I'm reading! I don't want to be disturbed! - Italo Calvino\nGod’s promises are like the stars; the darker the night the brighter they shine. - David Nicholas\nBecause when the night gets here, I’ll be the youngest I’ll ever be again, so I will laugh and celebrate relative youth. - Darnell Lamont Walker\nWhile I don't equate the dark night with depression, I do think our depressive moods could be imagined spiritually rather than only psychologically. - San Juan de la Cruz\nLike nature, like life. The storm will pass. The night will end. Spring will come. - Carol Morgan\nNo one but Night, with tears on her dark face, watches beside me in this windy place. - Edna St. Vincent Millay\nWarrior of the night must be awake to write the sacred words. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nOn a silent moonlit night look at the sky and see yourself dancing with those distant twinkling stars. - Debasish Mridha\nBut the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night. - Bible\nBound, elbow to elbow, darkness and night entered the dwelling. - Luis Buñuel\nOne day you will wonder what was so important that you put off doing the most important things. 'Someday' can be a thief in the night. - Deborah Brown\nIt was only a sunny smile, and little it cost in the giving, but like morning light it scattered the night and made the day worth living. - F. Scott Fitzgerald\nGet addicted to peace, talk about it all day and may be all night. Drink it, live it and love it. It will change the world. - Debasish Mridha\nThe thought of suicide is a great consolation: by means of it one gets through many a dark night. - Friedrich Nietzsche\nIn my heart, a live fireLike the morning sun Burning my mind, to purify the soulThat is my love. In my dream a burning desireLike the lights from a diamondMake my life ever precious That is my love. my mind an ever longingAs the moon longing for nightMake the night dreams of desireThat is my love. - Debasish Mridha\nAnd those, who come together in the night and are twined in quivering pleasure, are performing a serious work and are heaping up sweetness, depth and force for the song of some coming poet, who will arise to express inexpressible ecstasies - Rainer Maria Rilke\nStars are cracks of light for night than pierces the heart. (Étoiles sont fissures de lumière - De la nuit que transperce le cœur.) - Charles de Leusse\nIn the darkness of night when universe sleepsYou come and play with my stringsNo one can see or feel it but I doYou are my love. - Debasish Mridha\nYou have not lived until you have fled a city in a country where you do not speak the language in the middle of the night. - Ken Poirot\nTorches just blind you. On a clear night like this, the moon and the stars are enough. - George R.R. Martin\nA friend of mine once defined love as finding someone you can talk to late into the night - James Patterson\nThe Sun can rise anytime in your dreams. And there night may fall anytime as well. - Munia Khan\nThey camped that night on the foreplain at the foot of a talus slope and the murder that had been reckoned upon took place. - Cormac McCarthy\nWomen are the best thieves you will ever meet; they steal your heart and your last name, but never get to spend the night in jail. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nBecause the sun helps you in the day, do not scoff at stars at night. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nWe look up to see if it is day or night. If stars burn cool and moon does shine, We take to smoke divine and wine.If breath of sun does belch its heat,we boil coffee and prepare to eat. - Roman Payne\nEvery morning is my birthday and every night is my death-day. - Santosh Kalwar\nI just wanted to tell you, how beautiful you were; that day, that night, that life. - Anthony Liccione\nO friend unseen, unborn, unknown,Student of our sweet English tongue,Read out my words at night, alone:I was a poet, I was young.Since I can never see your face,And never shake you by the hand,I send my soul through time and spaceTo greet you. You will understand. - James Elroy Flecker\nGot no checkbooks, got no banks. Still I'd like to express my thanks - I've got the sun in the mornin' and the moon at night. - Irving Berlin\nTo thine own self be true -; And it must follow as the night the day; Thou canst not be false to any man - William Shakespeare\nThe other night I was lying in bed, looking up at the stars, and I wondered, 'Where the hell is my roof? - Steven Wright\nTwas the night before Thanksgiving. All the food's in the oven. And I'm in the bedroom performin' self lovin'. - Craig Ferguson\nIt's so difficult to express in word as how it feels bad to go to bed in the night after the whole day work, done sincerely, does not yield any good result. - Anuj Somany\nAt two o'clock in the morning, if you open your window and listen,You will hear the feet of the Wind that is going to call the sun.And the trees in the Shadow rustle and the trees in the moonlight glisten,And though it is deep, dark night, you feel that the night is done. - Rudyard Kipling\nReading a good book keeps me awake all night. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nDaylight, in my mind, the night faded. - Harper Lee\nI am the eye that beholds... And I am the dreamer that paints the stars in the night sky... For I am the one they call artist, and you call Love. - Solange nicole\nMy soul struggles; I stay all night, and sleep day time. - Lailah Gifty Akita\nWords,words filled the night like the fragrance of invisible flowers. - Cornelia Funke\nYou will never realize how precious a baby is until she keeps you awake through the whole night. - Debasish Mridha\nWhen tired, when bored, when happy, when unhappy, when night, when day, when cold, when hot, when nervous, when relaxed you always need music to fly into another dimension, the Dimension of Mindlessness! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nI always welcomed the comforting cloak of night except for the times when I lost something in it. - Donna Lynn Hope\nDreaming permits every one of us to be quietly and safely insane every night of our lives. - William Dement\nher smile was as beautiful as the only star in a dark night... - shivangi lavaniya\nI have such a hopeless dream of walking or being there at night, nothing happens, I just pass, everything is unbearably over with. - Jack Kerouac\nEvery sunrise gives you reason to hope. Every darkness of night teaches you patience. - Debasish Mridha\nA week after my drugs ran out, I left my bed to perform at the college, deciding at the last minute to skip both the doughnut toss and the march of the headless plush toys. Instead, I just heated up a skillet of plastic soldiers, poured a milkshake over my head and called it a night. - David Sedaris\nI love you as the moon loves the night. - Debasish Mridha\nYou found me under the thousand stars, shining above us at the night. You found me and you wanted me to shine for you. - Tamara Stamenkovic\nIf the stars should appear but one night every thousand years how man would marvel and adore. - Ralph Waldo Emerson\nTo watch the dawn emerge from the night undoubtedly gives a heavenly feeling! The fresh sun rays entwine with the dark horizon and peep out of the creek with tranquil grin. - Supriya Kaur Dhaliwal\nI got to bed later than mostPeople to see the moon in the night sky.And wake up earlier than most people to watch the Sunrise. - Bed,sleep,dreams,goodnight,Goodmorning,sunrise,sunset.\nThe night is what allows us to see the stars. Darkness is nothing less than a thousand sunlights. - Tiffanee Dee Duran\nIt's true. I've seen it when the crescent moon shone bright on a cold, dark night. The darker the night, the brighter God's smile. - Anusha Atukorala\nGood night, good night! parting is such sweet sorrow, That I shall say good night till it be morrow. - William Shakespeare\nBirth our night into dayAnd bathe it clean,So that beloved things can glowTogether in a litter of light. - Scott Hastie\nLove me like a wrong turn on a bad roadlate at night. - Kim Addonizio\nNo one is exempt and everyone's pain has a different smell. At night, when all the colours die,they hide in pairsand read about themselves—in colour, with their eyelids shut. - Craig Raine\nNever apologize for burning too brightly or collapsing into yourself every night. That is how galaxies are made. - Tyler Kent White\nI'm thinking that I shouldn't have filed my nails last night. - Dara Torres\nSome like to sleep. Some like to read late into the night without catching a wink. In a world of dreamers, both are essential. - Amanda Joy Bruns\nThe emptiness, the way his heels rang on the asphalt,was satisfying, emphasised his aloneness. A man alone, alone late at night with no one to say he should be home in bed. - Dan Davin\nBut I, when I undress meEach night, upon my kneesWill ask the Lord to bless meWith apple-pie and cheese. - Eugene Field\nI feel so lonely every night and every day and I still push everyone away… - JJM\nGood night - may you fall asleep in the arms of a dream, so beautiful, you'll cry when you awake. - Michael Faudet\nFor the night was not impartial. No, the night loved some more than others, served some more than others. - Eudora Welty\ncan't even sleep through the night without you and those sun-dried ginger ale complected limbs crocheted into my thighs... - Brandi L. Bates\nAnd all we feared inside the night / shows true in morning's biased light. - Garth von Buchholz\nDeath is not the beginning of an endless deep, dark, silent night but the beginning of a bright, joyful, eternal light. - Debasish Mridha\nThe morning sunshine brings the message that life is so bright and beautiful that the darkness of night has no power to hide it. - Debasish Mridha\nWhatever gets you through the night - John Lennon\nyou can't read Human mind by #Psychology... you can read their mind by talking with them at night.. - Self_Thought\nCockroaches and socialites are the only things that can stay up all night and eat anything. - Herb Caen\nSex doesn't interfere with your tennis; it's staying out all night trying to find it that affects your tennis. - Andre Agassi\nCreationists make it sound as though a 'theory' is something you dreamt up after being drunk all night. - Isaac Asimov\nThere's wickedness, dark as night. There are things that are wicked and if you touch them, they know you. They know where to find you now. - Knock Knock - S.P. Miskowski\nI wake up every morning thinking about all the great things I am going to accomplish that day, and I go to bed every night thinking about all the even greater things I’m going to have to accomplish tomorrow to make up for the nothing I did today. - John A. Ashley\nA goal without action is like a late night dream. - Debasish Mridha\nIt was a December night so cold and clear that the air felt like the air of the Moon - lung-burning; mentholated and pure - Douglas Coupland\nMay I kiss you then? On this miserable paper? I might as well open the window and kiss the night air. - Franz Kafka\nThe sun illuminates the clouds. The moon brightens the night. That’s what love does - Jasmine Sandozz\nI do dream every night but in the morning I regret. - M.F. Moonzajer\nBed is a good friend; book is a good friend; night is a good friend. Try to bring them all together. - Mehmet Murat ildan\nI have faced death this night, and I have called his bluff. - Lucien LaCroix\nRich People plan for three generationsPoor people plan for Saturday night - Gloria Steinem\nI read the book of Job last night - I don't think God comes out well in it. - Virginia Woolf\nThe twilight seems invidious.It simply can’t let the sun hide away when darkness is just another name for night.. - Munia Khan\nI don't dream at night, I dream at day, I dream all day; I'm dreaming for living. - Steven Spielberg\nShe can wear a veil, an eye mask, even a potato sack over her head - it doesn't matter. True beauty never fades; it radiates the kind of glow, that makes you turn your head and look, same way you unconsciously look for the stars, when the night is dark. - Veronika Jensen\nI'm sixteen with what I hope will be a long life ahead, but I'm willing to give it up, to give anything to let her live, to let her make it through the night. - Travis Thrasher\nNever be afraid to say I love you or else you might cry your self to sleep one night thinking what could have been because I did - Ethan Berger\nI read, much of the night, and go south in the winter. - T.S. Eliot\nThere are things that go bump in the night - Anonymous\nCrystal ball and candle light, I want your dance tonight. Show me the power of love as we stand together in the middle of the night. - Santosh Kalwar\nStrephon kissed me in the spring,Robin in the fall,But Colin only looked at me,And never kissed at all.Strephon's kiss was lost in jest,Robin's lost in play,But the kiss in Colin's eyesHaunts me night and day. - Sarah Teasdale\nThat night, as the stars sparkled in the sky, Polly dreamed... - Brian Maunder\nI am longing for you in life and in deathAs the moon is longing for night and life is longing for breath - Debasish Mridha\nMake gratitude a habit you indulge in each night. - Pooja Ruprell\nI think wholeness comes from living your life consciously during the day and then exploring your inner life or unconscious at night. - Margery Cuyler\nI'd like to thank my parents for making this night possible. And my children for making it necessary. - Victor Borge\nI was up all night just to talk to myself about you. - Debasish Mridha\nThe last thing he ever said to me was, 'Just always be waiting for me, and then some night you will hear me crowing. - J.M. Barrie\nWalking women want to see the southern cross at night And so they set aside a sock, and tie their laces tight Yes mournful is the melody that echoes in their heads Without a beat they march along, believing Bach is dead.\nRemember that light becomes evident in darkness. We do not create light by avoiding those who are captives of darkness; but we become light by illuminating the night. Remember that always. - C. JoyBell C.\nDeath was a quiet evil, unavoidable like the dark night and defenseless sleep and tearful sorrows. It had hunted her down and slithered close, wanting only to smother every last flicker of life.\"—from \"My Aquarius - Richelle E. Goodrich\nThroughout my entire miserable childhood I woke at least once a night weeping from overwhelming delight. I did it hungry, I did it after beatings, I did it after the deaths of loved ones.Now you tell me if I’m crazy or if I’ve always been blessed. - Bob Thurber\nEntangled cobwebs of my mind keep me awake at night! Need to get back to sm serious writing again! - Deeba Salim Irfan\nBeware the knowledge thou seek, for knowledge though oft light, can sow the seeds of night and reap from the darkness that ensues\"- 1654 - Esmerelda Jane Forstine\nI spent a lot of last night being moody and grim.I’m a vampire. We’re allowed to do that. It’s in all the brochures. - Garon Whited\nThey will smile, as they always do when they plan a major attack late in the night. - Dejan Stojanovic\nI try to pray everyday or every night to thank my Personal Lord for all that he has given me, all that he is giving me, and all that he will give me. - James Hauenstein\nSometimes at night I would sleep open-eyed underneath a sky dripping with stars. I was alive then. - Albert Camus\nHow much of the national news that you report to the public each night consists of information you've actually gone out and dug up on your own?\nAs day is to a sword, night is to a shield. - Anthony Liccione\nNight never judges, but morning never forgives... - Mehek Bassi\nIn an age of hope men looked up at the night sky and saw the heavens.\" In an age of hopelessness they call it simply space. - Peter Kreeft\nYou can change the world all day, but at night it's back the way it was. - Marty Rubin\nThe world has two faces :The day or the bright moment whenwe naturally stay alive (awake).The night or the dark moment whenwe naturally remain dead (sleep). - Rohan Nath\nbeauty is beyond comprehension, beyond nature, it lies within the mind of a soul so divine as if it was created to divide the line between night and day. - Matthew A Rodriguez\nNight never had the last word. The dawn is always invincible. - Hugh B. Brown\nI like to love you as the moon loves the night. I only like to exist and feel my presence when you are with me. - Debasish Mridha\nNight is when the whispers of the past become the echoes of the present. - Faraaz Kazi\nThere is a night school where you shall meet great teachers: The sky! When the night falls, the shining stars in the school will teach you how small you are and how comical to own an ego! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nBasically, I'm for anything that gets you through the night - be it prayer, tranquilizers or a bottle of Jack Daniels. - Frank Sinatra\nI will arise and go now, for always night and day I hear lake water lapping...I hear it in the deep heart's core. - W.B. Yeats\nI rather fight for light then to go blind in night. - Nadair Desmar\nPoetry in the dark of the night you are my torch.Poetry makes you believe in the freedom in your own home.Poetry causes the increase of the human race.Poetry ennobles the spirit of man.Poetry is like a noble fragrance that caresses your soul.Poetry is the royal essence of beauty. - Kristian Goldmund Aumann\nBisexuality automatically doubles your chances for a date on Saturday night. - Woody Allen\nTo speak your Heart outnothing can be better than Night and Acoustic guitar !! - Dinakar Phillip\nAnyone who claims good or evil isn't one or either, they're just a liar... the worst kind of liar... the liar that doesn't even know they're lying. We're human. We're good during the day and evil at night, half the time those roles are reversed, that's what it's all about. - Hubert Martin\nDo not go gentle into that good night. - Dylan Thomas\nThe Night World isn't a place. It's all around us. The creatures of Night World are beautiful and deadly and irresitable to humans. Your best friend could be one-so could your crush. - L.J. Smith\nSome are born to sweet delight, Some are born to endless night. - William Blake\nTo all, to each, a fair good night, And pleasing dreams, and slumbers light. - Sir Walter Scott\nDo you imagine the universe is agitated? Go into the desert at night and look at the stars. This practice should answer the question. - Lao Tzu\nDreaming permits each and every one of us to be quietly and safely insane every night. - Charles A. Fisher\nNovelist by day; screenwriter by night. - A.D. Posey\nNEWSPAPER: What great paper is the Earth; what a typeface is the Day; what ink is the Night! Everyone prints, everyone reads; no one understands. - Xavier Forneret\nYou're too beautiful for just a one night stand. - Ira B.\nLet us be like the moon with love and beauty.Let us follow the night to love the tranquility and serenity. - Debasish Mridha\nAll day and all night my desire for you unwinds like a poisonous snake. - Samar Sen\nWhen the owl sings, the night is silent. (Quand le hibou chante, La nuit est silence) - Charles de Leusse\nIf from morning to night we just took care of one thing after another, thoroughly and completely and without accompanying thoughts, such as I’m a good person for doing this or Isn’t it wonderful, that I can take care of everything?, then that would be sufficient. - Charlotte Joko Beck\nSaturday night is perfect for writers because other people have \"plans. - Mike Birbiglia\nInner guidance is heard like soft music in the night by those who have learned to listen. - Vernon Howard\n...but I guess it's better for people to shut up rather than rather than say something nasty. -ONE NIGHT @ THE CALL CENTER Chapter 1 page 22 - Chetan Bhagat\nAnd like tea dissolving in hot water, the sun dissolved in the sky… creating a velvet horizon, announcing for the stars’ night dance with the moon, the awaited joy for the wounded souls. -- From Bali The Rebirth - Abeer Allan\nThe sun shine comes, you see the shine you see the color, when night comes you the stars you see the dark the blooming moon you choose a star you follow the star it comes in your dreams you follow stars once a light bug dies you see a new star you follow the star your dreams come true. - Demi Lovato\n.if you're looking in to deep night sky, you can get the deepest thoughts.. - Boris Kovalík\nLove is still alive in my heart. Dreams are still alive at the dead of night. Hopes are still dancing in my mind. - Debasish Mridha\nOnly in California could the night air be lit not by fireflies, but radioactive porn star cumshots. - C.Z. Hazard\nGood night! Good night!Far flies the light;But still God's loveShall shine above,Making all bright,Good night! Good night! - Victor Hugo\nEvery night I share the pain of my heart with the Stars. - Tanmaya Guru\nAfter every sunny day, comes a stormy night - Of Monsters and Men\nFun? Katrina, I didn’t request to be set up on a date. I can’t go meet a complete stranger and…. he scanned the email again. …and spend the night with her? - Lia Davis\nI want you to know how perfectyour body looks after a shower.Fresh.Covered in little dropsof water.Just like dewy grass aftera night of rainfall. - Sheri Rosa\nPeople are like stars in the night sky, all are not equal, but still, everyone shines. - Joe Mari Fadrigalan\nI miss you, I miss you at night, I can’t sleep without you anymore, I’m scared. Meet me in heaven. - Efdal Korkmaz\nAt night I lay awake, her likeness casting dark shadows across my soul and senses, and my stomach throbbing away. I imagined her arms around me, lulling me into a phantom bliss, so frustrating, so unreal. - Stephen Mosley\nI like my thingshurried and haunted. Night teadarktime. Sacred geometry, secret geometrypetal-flame whisper: I am here, and you aren't. - Virginia Petrucci\nFinancial and Personal success, come your way faster when You work each weekday and night at realizing your dreams to be successful, such achieving a personal goal and dream, OR your dream of running your own business and being your own boss. - nick catricala\nI wash off the night in the water, my scrapes and aches numbed by the sea. My bones have become boughs, all scarred knees and gnarled kuckles. None of us are the same person we once were, since the human body replaces itself every seven years; there have been at least six different mes. - Philip Hoare\nJosh: So, Toby, it’s election night. What do you say about a country that goes out of its way to protect even those citizens that try to destroy it?Toby: God bless America. - Aaron Sorkin\nAlways let your heart shine bright, because this inner light will guide you home, even in the darkest night. - Jennifer Sodini\nshe thought that 9Am was in the middle of the night - Patrick Dennis\nIn the morning envision victory,at night dream of it,but during the day fight for it. - Matshona Dhliwayo\nI wonder if, in the dark night of the sea, the octopus dreams of me. - N. Scott Momaday\nIn the middle of the night, I saw chaos bleeding out of darkness and peace. Everything that was said and seen before seemed like a paradox. I saw the graves of lies breaking open and the truth crawling out silently into the cold hearts. - Akshay Vasu\nI've just been bitten on the neck by a vampire... mosquito. Does that mean that when the night comes I will rise and be annoying? - Vera Nazarian\nNocturnal with a love for night, I'd stay up to see sunlight... - Donna Lynn Hope\nI have to be alone very often. I'd be quite happy if I spent from Saturday night until Monday morning alone in my apartment. That's how I refuel.\"(: Many-Sided Charmer, LIFE Magazine, December 7, 1953) - Audrey Hepburn\nI'm just an insomniac struggling for a night where I don't dream of you anymore. - Lone Alaskan Gypsy\nI will sail upon a sea of light,My guide above and below the stars.My heart for you is in flightAnd I shall come to you in your arms this night - Levon Peter Poe\nI could go crazy on a night like tonightWhen summer's beginning to give up her fightAnd every thought's a possiblilityAnd the voices are heard but nothing is seenWhy do you spend this time with meMaybe an equal mystery - Emily Saliers\nBeneath all this he is able to identify as well the dangers of a humanism which shuts out the humane and transcendent horizons and can threaten a new form of the dark night of the soul. - Abdumalik Nysanbayev\nLove crosses the sky \\ on a peculiar disturbing night. - Shannon A. Thompson\nThe great thing about television is that if something important happens anywhere in the world, day or night, you can always change the channel. - From \"Taxi\"\nIf love be blind, it best agrees with night. - William Shakespeare\nThe stars up there at night are closer than you think. - Doug Dillon\nHow very wonderful friends the moon, the sea and the night are! - Mehmet Murat ildan\nWhat is success? It is being able to go to bed each night with your soul at peace - Paulo Coelho\nHow could I fall asleep, when I love the pleasure of reading and writing at night? - Lailah Gifty Akita\nI didn't want to kiss you goodbye that was the trouble I wanted to kiss you good night and there's a lot of difference. - Ernest Hemingway\nWe look up to see if it is day or night. If stars burn cool and moon does shine, we take to smoke divine and wine. If breath of sun does belch its heat, we boil coffee and prepare to eat. - Roman Payne\nNight is mine, together with a substantial part of the future. - Nelly Kaplan\nDreading dusk, fearing night, praying for dawn. - Gregory J. Saunders\nEven those afraid of the dark must live through half of each day as night, to come to see the beauty in each. - Johnathan Jena\nMuzzle the owner if the dog barks all night. - Marty Rubin\nOh, treacherous night! thou lendest thy ready veil to every treason, and teeming mischief's beneath thy shade. - Aaron Hill\nI walk these lonely streets at dark. Just me and the night; crowded head, empty heart. - John Mark Green\nA dark night, lightened up by thousands of glowing fireflies... It's magical... - Ama H. Vanniarachchy\nHe was the monster that no one thought to look for in the light of day. It was a common mistake. People often believed they were safer in the light, thinking monsters only came out at night. But safety - like light - is a facade. Underneath, the whole world is drenched in darkness. - C.J. Roberts", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7239989042282104}
+{"content": "AOC, AVA, DO, DOC, and now: HV\n\nFor those who enjoy digging a bit deeper on wines, the following terms will be rather familiar to you: AOC, AVA, DO, and DOC. These are of course controlled wine regions in France, the US, Spain, and Italy. Overall, they work rather well to certify that a wine is from the region that it claims to be. Yes, they have their flaws (especially the American AVA system which is something of a mess currently) but if nothing else, they’re a good starting point.\n\nI will posit that it’s actually problematic not to have region certifications in a country as it can lead to large-production wine that’s cheaper to make and blend from multiple regions as opposed to having small, craft wine from specific regions. This is why a countries like Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina are at something of a crucial point. They still have their small wineries, but with the current domestic and international economic factors, one has to wonder, “For how long?”\n\nWhile the European Union PDO might be of use to Croatia when they join 2013, it lacks the granularity of their own, domestic wine region system and it certainly won’t help Bosnia & Herzegovina which many put at entering the EU in 10-20 years.\n\nI’ve pored over the 2003 Zakon o Vinu (Croatian Wine Act) that established a great many elements to Croatian wine, but it didn’t go terribly far in establishing a system like the French AOC or Spanish DO. But, among all the talk of “vinogradi” (wineries) and “vinogradara” (winegrowers) there are “vinogorje”. This term literally means “wine hills” in Croatian and while it doesn’t hold any legal bearing the way DO Empordà does, it’s a pretty decent start and we’ll be using the term “Hrvatsko vinogorje” (HV) to describe such areas as Dingač HV or Postup HV. Who knows, maybe down the road we’ll have an official a system to fit in with how the rest of the EU, US, and other great wine areas in the world do it.\n\nIf anything, it helps to distinguish between Dingač HV the growing region and Vinarija Dingač the winery.\n\nWe talk more about the Hrvatsko vinogorje, Dingač & Postup regions, as well as provide maps in our Dalmatia enotourism guide.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.528937816619873}
+{"content": "\n\nClick here to see some testimonials from our members!\n\nAs Russians hack the US grid, a look at what’s needed to protect it\n\n\nAs Russians hack the US grid, a look at what's needed to protect it\n\nFile 20180802 136676 cui2sl.jpg?ixlib=rb 1.1\n\nThe high-voltage lines carrying electricity across the U.S. aren’t the only potential targets. Rolypolyman\n\nCourtesy of Manimaran Govindarasu, Iowa State University and Adam Hahn, Washington State University\n\nThe U.S. electricity grid is hard to defend because of its enormous size and heavy dependency on digital communication and computerized control software. The number of potential targets is growing as “internet of things” devices, such as smart meters, solar arrays and household batteries, connect to smart grid systems.\n\n\nThe threat is real: In late 2015 and again in 2016, Russian hackers shut down parts of Ukraine’s power grid. In March 2018, federal officials warned that Russians had penetrated the computers of multiple U.S. electric utilities and were able to gain access to critical control systems. Four months later, the Wall Street Journal reported that the hackers’ access had included privileges that were sufficient to cause power outages.\n\nSpecific technical details have not yet been made public, so it’s hard to know exactly what the hackers did or gained access to. What has been revealed is that these breaches were accomplished with common hacking techniques, such as sending spearphishing emails to specific employees. Apparently, and reassuringly, the U.S. attacks didn’t involve more advanced techniques seen in the Ukraine incidents, including custom-made software to target specific systems.\n\n\nMajor players have some protections\n\nThere are two main aspects to grid architecture that need defending in different ways. The first element is the bulk power system, often referred to as the “transmission grid.” It connects high-capacity power plants, transmission wires and substations that collectively generate and transport huge quantities of electricity over hundreds or thousands of miles. The rest of the grid is made up of smaller distribution grids – connected with the bulk power system – delivering electricity to homes and businesses around the country. The strongest standards for protection apply only to the bulk power system; though many distribution systems follow the same guidelines, they remain optional.\n\nU.S. federal rules, as well as those set by the agency that governs the North American grid – which also includes large parts of Canada – require companies operating elements of the bulk power system to follow certain basic cybersecurity measures, including monitoring their networks to detect intrusions and mandating two-factor authentication for user logins.\n\n\nCompanies operating power plants, like this one in Oklahoma, need to remain on top of cybersecurity threats. AP Photo/Sue Ogrocki\n\nSmaller companies are more vulnerable\n\nBecause transmission grid utilities should already have some protections against network intrusions, it is likely that the Russian hackers looked elsewhere, infiltrating smaller distribution utilities. If that’s so, any potential power shutdown or other problems in those systems would be confined to smaller areas – like towns or cities. That, in turn, means fewer customers would be affected, with less work needed to get power back on.\n\nBut it highlights a worrying reality: Smaller and midsized companies that operate electricity distribution systems often have inadequate resources to invest in full cybersecurity protections. The more than 3,000 utilities in the U.S. have trouble finding sufficiently skilled workers who understand how the computerized and physical components of the grid work together and how to protect them.\n\nIn addition, utilities rely on complex supply chains to provide equipment, software, maintenance and other business functions. These external contractors and vendors may not implement protections as rigorous as the utilities. And their computer systems often have connections to the utilities’ networks, which may be considered trusted and safe, rather than potential avenues of attack.\n\nStepping up defenses\n\nFixing all these potential problems is complex. First, all utility companies – even the smallest – should adopt basic security protections like those required of large utilities. Some states are moving to require this of the power companies serving their residents, but many aren’t yet. Further, we recommend all companies that are part of the grid participate in coordinated grid exercises to improve cybersecurity preparedness and share best practices.\n\n\nIt won’t be enough to protect against today’s threats. Adversaries are likely to employ increasingly sophisticated techniques that exploit both computer and human vulnerabilities. Companies need to ensure they engage in what might be called sustainable cybersecurity – ongoing processes that let systems and staff adapt over time, to stay ahead of the threats.\n\nResearchers have an important role too, exploring ways that emerging technologies like cloud computing, blockchain and big-data analytics could help reduce risks without introducing any additional weaknesses. Further, researchers should identify more advanced ways to secure the grid, and reduce these systems’ complexity, which would limit both current risks and future unknowns.\n\n\n\n\nYou must be logged in to make a comment.\n\n\nClick here to see some testimonials from our members!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9987525343894958}
+{"content": "Or­cas start life by hit­ting snooze\n\nWorld of Animals - - Animal Clocks -\n\nOrca calves don’t sleep reg­u­larly for the first few months of their lives, begin­ning with an ex­tended pe­riod with­out a cir­ca­dian rhythm. Mothers even sus­pend their own bi­o­log­i­cal clocks for at least four weeks to keep a watch­ful eye on their pre­cious new baby. Killer whales and other dol­phin species have been ob­served to stay awake for up to 98 per cent of their baby’s ini­tial two months, while calves only slept for ten per cent of that time.\n\nAdult dol­phins rest half of their brains at a time while the other half re­mains ac­tive enough to watch out for dan­ger. Or­cas do ex­pe­ri­ence cir­ca­dian rhythms de­spite not hav­ing a reg­u­lar 24-hour sleep-wake cy­cle. The adrenal glands pro­duce a hor­mone called cor­ti­sol that reg­u­lates blood pres­sure and in­flam­ma­tion and plays a huge role in the an­i­mal’s fight or flight in­stinct. This ac­tiv­ity is con­trolled by their in­ter­nal clock in the same way as a ter­res­trial mam­mal.\n\nOrca calves mea­sure 2.6m (8.5ft) at birth andweigh in at around 120–160kg (265–353Ib)\n\nNewspapers in English\n\nNewspapers from UK\n\n© PressReader. All rights reserved.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6301019191741943}
+{"content": "An *Excellent Choice* 1902 O Morgan Silver Dollar BU+ *Great Coin*\n\nHi, Thank You for stopping by !\n\nMy family and I really appreciate it!!!\n\nHere we have a *Excellent* Choice 1902 O Morgan Dollar that I would say grades MS63 (but that is just my humble opinion). Very Nice Morgan with just a hint of toning. Please look at the pics as best you can. In the end you are the one who will decide the value on this *No Reserve Auction*. I want this to be a GREAT Ebay experience for you, so please ask any questions that you might have and I will answer ASAP. Also I do offer a 7 day unconditional return policy, so and *** HAVE FUN ***", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5739321708679199}
+{"content": "American Greeting Cards Case Study\n\nCase Study - American Greetings Essay\n\n8875 WordsOct 2nd, 201336 Pages\n\nyale case 08-010\n\nAmerican Greetings\nAn Automation versus Outsourcing Dilemma\nAndrea R. Nagy1 Gene Lee 2 Arthur Swersey3\n\nAs part of an industry with generous profit margins and high barriers to entry, American th Greetings had spent decades in a comfortable position. Beginning at the turn of the 20 century, it had helped to create a mass market for the greeting card and had presided over its growth into a multi-billion-dollar industry. Because the manufacturing of cards—especially those with special designs or attachments—could be complex, and because customers were used to choosing from a large selection of cards, it was difficult for new players to offer the big, established card companies any serious competition. By the end of…show more content…\n\nIn 1952 American Greetings made its initial public offering of stock, and in 1989 it was officially added to the S&P 500 list of companies. Over the years American Greetings bought out a number of smaller companies. In 1956 it expanded its business beyond the United States by acquiring Carlton Cards, a Canadian company. In subsequent years it bought card businesses in Mexico, England, Australia, and South Africa. It also purchased companies specializing in wrapping paper, party goods, and accessories. In a major purchase in 2000, American Greetings bought out Gibson Greetings, America’s third-largest card company. Throughout this era of expansion, the company was led by Sapirstein’s son, Irving Stone. As the company grew, it adapted its products to changing societal moods. During the 1950s it began designing “studio cards,” tall, narrow cards that featured cartoon-style artwork and irreverent humor. During the 1960s and beyond, it expanded its content to include cards featuring ethnic diversity, environmentalism, and new-age spirituality. It created cards for new holidays, from Groundhog Day to National Teacher Appreciation Week to Maidyozarem Gahanbar, the Zoroastrian spring festival. During the 1990s the company branched out into customized electronic cards, building the industry’s largest online card website. And following the September 11 terrorist attacks, it created\n\nShow More\n\nAs part of an industry with generous profit margins and high barriers to entry, American th Greetings had spent decades in a comfortable position. Beginning at the turn of the 20 century, it had helped to create a mass market for the greeting card and had presided over its growth into a multi-billion-dollar industry. Because the manufacturing of cards—especially those with special designs or attachments—could be complex, and because customers were used to choosing from a large selection of cards, it was difficult for new players to offer the big, established card companies any serious competition. By the end of the 20 century, American Greetings was the second-largest greeting card company in the world, after Hallmark, and had bought out several of its lesser competitors. It had expanded its expertise to become a major manufacturer of gift wrap, party goods, stationery, calendars, and other “social expression” products. And it had also been successful as the creator of licensed characters such as Holly Hobbie, Strawberry Shortcake, and Care Bears. But the core of its business remained the profitable greeting card. As senior vice president and executive supply chain officer Michael Goulder put it, “The average card has 25 to 40 cents of variable cost in it, we wholesale it for a buck or so, and the retailer sells it for $3.00. What a wonderful industry!” However, by the late 1990s, the business had become more challenging. Growth in greeting card sales stagnated, and existing customers began to turn to online cards. At the same time, the company began to experience pressure from retailers who wanted an increasingly larger share of the healthy margins. Greeting cards were still a wonderful industry, but there were worries about the future. As executives began to look for cost-cutting strategies, it was clear that the manufacturing process needed to be re-examined. In Goulder’s words, “because of the way the industry worked for a long time, we were late in focusing on the efficiency of operations.” But the question turned out to be complex, because American Greetings had incomplete data on its manufacturing costs and no data on outsourcing alternatives. Before it could decide on a plan for reducing costs, it had to more precisely measure the company’s current costs for machinery, production, labor, and transportation. Then the company had to decide on the most effective way to economize. Two main options rose to the top: improvements in process and technology, and outsourcing to China. A number of executives assumed that the answer lay in moving production overseas, but others argued that more savings could be obtained by improving existing facilities and upgrading legacy equipment. In March 2005, partisans of outsourcing and partisans of upgrading were both making their cases, as the company looked to determine the future of manufacturing.\n\nThe Greeting Card Business\nGreeting Card History The greeting card dates back to the 15 century, when valentines and new year’s greetings began to be th exchanged in Germany and other parts of Europe. But it was not until the mid-19 century that it became a popular means of communication. In 1843 in London, the first Christmas card was created, and in the 1860s the Irish firm Marcus Ward and Co. began selling mass-produced cards and calendars. (See Exhibit 1 for an image of the first Christmas card.) In America, Louis Prang, a skilled printer and lithographer, began selling Christmas cards in the 1870s. When cheap imports flooded the market in the 1890s, he abandoned the business, but a decade later new card enterprises were up and running. The Founding and Growth of American Greetings American Greetings was founded in Cleveland in 1906 by a Polish immigrant, Jacob Sapirstein, who sold penny postcards from a horse-drawn cart. The business expanded during the Depression, when greeting cards were given instead of more expensive gifts, and it further expanded during World War II, when people used greeting cards to stay in touch with far-away family members. In 1952 American Greetings made its initial public offering of stock, and in 1989 it was officially added to the S&P 500 list of companies. Over the years American Greetings bought out a number of smaller companies. In 1956 it expanded its business beyond the United States by acquiring Carlton Cards, a Canadian company. In subsequent years it bought card businesses in Mexico, England, Australia, and South Africa. It also purchased companies specializing in wrapping paper, party\ngoods, and accessories. In a major purchase in 2000, American Greetings bought out Gibson Greetings, America’s third-largest card company. Throughout this era of expansion, the company was led by Sapirstein’s son, Irving Stone. As the company grew, it adapted its products to changing societal moods. During the 1950s it began designing “studio cards,” tall, narrow cards that featured cartoon-style artwork and irreverent humor. During the 1960s and beyond, it expanded its content to include cards featuring ethnic diversity, environmentalism, and new-age spirituality. It created cards for new holidays, from Groundhog Day to National Teacher Appreciation Week to Maidyozarem Gahanbar, the Zoroastrian spring festival. During the 1990s the company branched out into customized electronic cards, building the industry’s largest online card website. And following the September 11 terrorist attacks, it created holiday cards with patriotic themes. American Greetings also expanded its expertise into non-card consumer products, such as hair accessories, picture frames, and wrapping paper. In 1967 the company created Holly Hobbie, the first “licensed character,” a girl in a blue bonnet whose image was imprinted not just on cards but also on clothing, gift wrap, coffee mugs, toys, and other products. A number of other licensed characters followed, the most profitable being Care Bears and Strawberry Shortcake. These properties generated tremendous levels of loyalty and sales: for example, in less than a year, the company created more than 600 different Strawberry Shortcake products, and the character appeared in two television specials and numerous magazines. As American Greetings approached its 100-year anniversary, it was a flourishing company. By 1986 the business that began by selling penny postcards had reached one billion dollars of revenue. By 2005 the company boasted annual sales of $1.8 billion. (See Exhibit 2 for American Greetings financial data and Exhibit 3 for American Greetings stock performance.) In 2005 American Greetings employed 20,000 2 american greetings th\n\nassociates; approximately 8,000 were full-time employees and 12,000 were part-time merchandisers who supplied the cards and displays for a particular retail outlet. American Greetings was one of the largest players in a large and successful industry. At the start of the 21 century, the market was dominated by two companies, Hallmark and American Greetings, but there were\nsome 3,000 greeting card publishers in the country, and cards were a huge business. Americans were purchasing about seven billion greeting cards per year, and the household penetration rate was 78 percent. Greeting cards generated over $5 billion in business overall, with Christmas cards accounting for onethird of sales. “Although the English invented the Christmas card, Americans have elevated it to an obsession, sending out 2.6 billion cards a year—roughly 10.4 for every man, woman and child in the country,” reported The Wall Street Journal.4 Greeting cards had become a part of every American’s life. As American Greetings’ 2005 annual report put it, “From childhood to maturity, as our consumers grow up and grow older, we are there with them through their milestones and celebrations, their happiness and their sorrow.” The company was a success not only in financial terms but also as a force shaping American culture. st\n\nChanges in the Late 20th Century\nAt the same time, the card business was no longer growing at a rapid postwar pace. As the economy changed, American Greetings was faced with challenges from customers, retailers, and competitors. Saturation of the Market By the 1980s and 90s, the card industry had matured. As The Wall Street Journal reported in 1987, “Although Americans buy seven billion cards annually … growth in the … industry has stagnated. And the industry—after introducing cards for everything from grandparents’ day to Martin Luther King, Jr.’s birthday in recent years—has practically exhausted occasions to celebrate.”5 Ten years later the market for greeting cards was still growing only one to two percent per year, with middle-aged women accounting for 80 to 90 percent of sales.6 Card sales were also affected by technological changes. The creation of a new medium in the Internet resulted in the shift of some customers away from the paper card to the e-card. Although became the most popular e-card site on the web, it faced new competition from websites that featured offbeat humor. For example, the site, whose motto was “when you care enough to hit send,” developed a niche market with educated, urban young people who could not find appropriate messages of self-expression with the existing card companies.7 In addition, new greeting card software made it possible for consumers to create their own artwork and verses and then print the\ncards on their own printers. Although card companies stood to benefit from the sale of the software, this development threatened to further erode the market for sales of paper greeting cards. More Demanding Retailers The struggle to increase sales was aggravated by changes in the relationship between American Greetings and its retailers. During the 1980s and 90s the company had appeared to be in a good position with its distribution strategy. Hallmark’s strategy focused on its corporate owned and franchised stores, while American Greetings was selling primarily through mass retailers. This system worked to the company’s advantage, because customers began favoring retail outlets where they could do one-stop shopping. As The Wall Street Journal reported, “…the grass-roots popularity of American Greetings cards at places like Wal-Mart and Walgreen… [is] where the growth is….”8 But problems occurred when the company’s retailers began to ask for more of the sales margins. As independent retailers died out and large chains such as Wal-Mart and Target expanded, they began to 3 american greetings\n\ndemand more favorable terms from the card-makers. Representatives of the large stores played the card companies off one another, encouraging them to fight for shelf space. As a result, American Greetings was forced to reduce its own margin on cards and to give more to the retailers. “We’re always battling Hallmark for long-term contracts with the retailers,” said Goulder. “And because the incremental gross profit is significant, there is intense pressure to win that contract. Starting in the early 1990s, this became the competitive dynamic in the industry. As a result, much of the profit in the industry shifted from the card publishers to the retailers.” In addition, the rise of the dollar store created demand for cheaper cards. When stores such as Dollar General, Dollar Tree, and Family Dollar became interested in selling greeting cards, they requested product that they could sell at two for a dollar rather than the customary $2 to $3 apiece. When the card companies complied, other retailers responded by demanding a similar cheaper product line. “There was a two-pronged ripple effect,” remembered CEO Zev Weiss. “Not only were the dollar stores taking share from a unit perspective; they also caused other retailers to decide that they could no longer sell cards at $2.50, if the competition was selling cards at fifty\ncents.” A Fundamental Shift in the Business While the pressures were increasing during the 1980s and 90s, American Greetings was able to grow through acquisitions of its competitors. However, after 2000, when the company bought out Gibson Greetings, this avenue for growth also became limited, because there were now only two large card companies left. As Goulder summarized it, “We’ve got a duopoly with little consumption growth. The market is flat, and the only way for Hallmark to grow is to take a bite out of our hide.” Indeed, it had proved difficult for American Greetings to increase its market share. Because Hallmark was a privately held company, reliable share numbers were hard to come by. But in spite of its acquisitions, in 2005 American Greetings held roughly a 30 percent share of the market, according to industry pundits, compared to Hallmark’s 60 percent. The days of high margins were over. As Weiss recalled, the changes th during the late 20 century “created a fundamental shift in our business. Our cost structure became inappropriate for that new reality. So we looked at our cost structure in the early 2000s and said, ‘We have to make changes, or we’re in trouble.’”\n\nExamining Manufacturing\nHistorically, American Greetings had stayed profitable by increasing sales. Because of its healthy margins, for many years it was able to absorb rising costs. As director of manufacturing services Dick Finlay explained, “It’s a low cost of goods industry, so most cost-control design techniques from traditional manufacturing and engineering never evolved here. It was cheaper to waste product than it was to be careful designing it.” However, as part of a corporate restructuring in the late 1980s, the company began to look for ways to improve the efficiency of its operations. American Greetings had a complex vertically integrated supply chain. For many years the company performed all procurement, manufacturing, distribution, service, and ordering activities in its Cleveland headquarters. Later the company moved its manufacturing to plants in the south, but it continued to direct all steps of the supply chain. (See Exhibit 4 for a map showing locations of facilities.) The production of greeting cards was far more complex than most ordinary commercial printing jobs. Company executives sometimes marveled at the intricacy of card production. As vice president of manufacturing and\ndistribution Ken Jayjack put it, “It’s amazing how difficult it can be to manufacture a folded piece of paper.” The process featured seven main steps: product specification, creative design, sheet arrangement, lithography, sheetwise finishing, cardwise finishing, and packaging and distribution. At\n\n4 american greetings\n\neach step of the process there were complexities, which multiplied because of the large number of card designs. Product Specification In the first step of card production, the marketing department worked with the creative department (and occasionally with retailers) to plan new designs for the upcoming year. Cards were divided into two types: seasonal, which included cards for Christmas, Valentine’s Day, and other holidays, and everyday, which included cards for birthdays, anniversaries, and other occasions that were not specific to a particular time of year. The company looked at trends in design, color, and other factors and then planned an entire program of cards for a particular occasion. The demands of this phase of card production were significant, because the greeting card industry was characterized by “SKU intensity.” This meant that a company like American Greetings produced a high number of “stock-keeping units,” or unique card designs, each marked with a different bar code. As Jayjack put it, “we’re not making the same gallon of milk all the time.” Indeed, the company manufactured about 50,000 unique greeting card SKUs per year. There were several reasons for this multiplicity of SKUs. First, customers demanded a large variety of cards. They wanted to find the right card for the occasion and recipient, and they did not want to buy the same card again and again. Also, the variety of channels and retail formats tended to create a need for breadth. Finally, customer preferences changed over time, so it was not enough to design a card one time and then sell it year after year. Although certain best-selling designs were carried over from one season to the next, a significant percentage of the product line was “refreshed” each year. The number of SKUs was increased further, because several major retailers had their own brand of cards with a set of unique designs. For example, Wal-Mart’s brand was named “Just for You,” and Target’s brand was named “Carlton.” American Greetings attempted to minimize the work involved by\ncreating similar cards with a separate brand name on the back; however, the cards had to be different enough to satisfy the demands of the retailers. As Goulder explained, “Carlton won’t let us have the same exact card as Just for You. We must engineer in enough of a distinctiveness to satisfy the commercial need for differentiation.” Company executives were challenged by the intricacies of planning 50,000 SKUs each year, but they realized that this was the source of the company’s profitability. “It’s a love-hate relationship,” said Goulder. “It’s a laborious process to create the 2,000 SKUs required to supply a card department in the average drug store. But if it were easy, the barriers to entry in this industry would be much lower.” Creative Design The company boasted that it was home to one of the world’s largest creative studios, employing hundreds of full-time writers and artists. In the second step of the production process, the company’s creative department designed the artwork and verses for each card. Once a general plan was laid out by the marketing department, “creative,” as the department was known, identified a subject for the card. Then an artist created a prototype, which was executed as a painting, a photograph, a sculpture, a computerized design, or some other format. The artwork was scanned into a digital image, and then a card template was created. At the same time, a writer worked with the artist to create a verse in an appropriate font, color, and placement on the card. Finally, the creative department produced a color proof of the card, and a digital file was put in a queue for the sheet arranger. There were a number of challenges to integrating the creative work with the manufacturing work. Executives spoke of “two cultures” within the organization: the artists, who were committed to their craft, and the business and operations side, who were concerned about practicalities and efficiencies. This relationship sometimes required delicate negotiations. 5 american greetings\n\nFor example, the creative department preferred long lead times so as to have the maximum allowance for producing new designs. However, particularly for seasonal cards, the business side of the company wanted the shortest possible lead time so as to be able implement new marketing strategies based on current sales data. It was an ongoing problem to balance the needs of the creative side with those of the business side. Another challenge was that\ncreative would design cards that were difficult to manufacture. They might request finishings that were not in common use. Or they might design an unusual card that was expensive to mass-produce. “We are trying to improve the communication between creative and manufacturing, so that they are aware of the consequences of what they design,” said Finlay. “But we don’t want to overburden them, because they need to have the consumer’s eye. They want to design pretty cards, and we want them to design pretty cards. But they need to be aware when they do something that puts an unreasonable strain on our production side.” To help designers understand the business dilemmas, the company established a cost-estimating system that showed the artists how much a particular design would cost and gave them budget targets to meet for each card program. Sheet Arrangement The most difficult step of all was the sheet arrangement. Layout specialists received a batch of cards in an electronic queue and then had to map a strategy for printing and finishing. It was a major logistical challenge to group the card designs on the sheet of paper in the most efficient way so as to reduce paper waste and minimize the number of equipment setups. Cards were printed on 28-by-40-inch sheets of paper, which might fit 12 cards. The arrangement of cards on the sheet could make a critical difference in costs. The simplest arrangement would be to print 12 of the same card on a single sheet and then do the required finishing operations. However, every time a new sheet was started, the factory had to perform a new equipment setup, which took about 45 minutes. If the company wanted 36,000 copies of each of 12 designs, it was not economical to arrange one design on a sheet and print the sheet 3,000 times, because this layout would require 12 different setups and nine hours of setup time. Instead, it was far more efficient to arrange 12 different designs on a sheet and print the sheet 36,000 times, for only one setup of 45 minutes. The longer the sheet run, the cheaper the cost per thousand cards. The same tradeoffs had to be considered when it came to the finishing operations. The challenge came from variations in the size of the cards, in the number of each card required, in the time when the card was needed for distribution, and in the printing and finishing requirements for each card. First, because the highest cost in terms of materials was the paper, it was necessary to make maximum use of each sheet. Layout specialists in the manufacturing plants were assigned to arrange cards of different sizes and\nshapes on each sheet so as to use the fewest number of sheets possible. But size was only one of the variables to consider. Cards also differed in the number of copies required, ranging from 4,000 to 30,000 or more for the most popular cards. Paper would be wasted if half of the cards on the sheet required 30,000 copies and half required only 15,000. There was also variability in the time requirements for each design: some cards that were specific to a certain season had to meet strict deadlines for arrival in the retail outlets, while everyday cards might have a more flexible timetable. Finally, each design had different printing and finishing requirements. At the printing stage, there were variations in the type of paper, the coating to be added to the paper, and the color combinations required for each design. Layout specialists tried not only to put the same kind of design on each sheet but also to group similar sheets together so as to shorten the setups between each sheet. Sheets were put into an electronic queue that was arranged to minimize the make-ready times. There were further variations at the finishing stage in the embossing or hot-stamp requirements of each card design. For example, it was 6 american greetings\n\nmore economical to place many cards requiring the same type of foil together on one sheet so as to minimize the number of machine passes required. With 2,000 unique SKUs created each week, it was a complicated job to sort the cards into “families” that could be combined efficiently and printed in a single sheet run. Although the manufacturing department was able to provide some simple rules for arranging a good sheet, the process was sufficiently complex that no computer algorithm had yet been developed to automate the process. Instead, experienced layout specialists in the factory worked out the sheet arrangements mostly by hand. Lithography Once the sheet arrangement puzzle was solved, the printing of the cards was relatively simple. The plant made plates for each sheet and then printed the sheets in the batches required. The machinery was adapted from printing presses designed to make cardboard boxes for the packaging industry. The presses could run about 15,000 sheets per hour, and the average job length was 12,000 sheets. With a setup time of 45 minutes, it often took as long to prepare the press as it did to run it. But at a cost of approximately one cent per card, lithography was relatively inexpensive, compared to the\nfinishing operations. Some simple “ink-on-paper” cards—about 20 to 25 percent of the total production—were completed relatively easily by cutting, folding, packaging, and sending them to a distribution center. But most cards required some kind of finishing. Sheetwise Finishing After the cards were printed, they were sent to a separate plant for two types of finishing. The first type, “sheetwise finishing,” could be applied to the card while it was still on the sheet. This type of finishing might be a hot-stamp foil, which involved attaching foil to the cardstock. It might be an embossing, which involved stamping the paper to make certain parts stand out. Finally, at the last step of sheetwise finishing, every card was cut out of the sheet. Although the same machine might be used for hot-stamping and embossing, for each type of sheetwise finishing setup times and machine passes were increased. Sheetwise finishing was relatively fast because it could be automated for an entire sheet of cards. However, the setup times were long, anywhere from 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the type of finishing to be performed, and the run times were also longer than those required for lithography. Time and labor were also added, because before this finishing could be performed, a die had to be made for each operation, whether stamping or embossing or cutting. With some 50,000 SKUs designed each year, the factory quickly accumulated a huge “library” of dies. The creative department was encouraged to re-use dies from year to year; nevertheless, many of the dies were discarded, because to maintain thousands of them with uncertain prospects for use quickly became unmanageable. Cardwise Finishing The second type of finishing, “cardwise finishing,” was more labor-intensive, because it had to be done on each card individually. This type of finishing included silk screening, or creating an image using a stencil; thermo finishing, or producing a raised image; inserts, such as a piece of translucent paper; and attachments, such as bows, glitter, or computer chips that played a song. At the end of the process, most cards were folded. Some cardwise operations, such as folding, could be done on a machine, but others had to be performed by hand, which was a laborious and expensive process. For example, a card might have a penny glued onto it, and it was essential that the coin be heads-up and in proper alignment with the rest of the design. This was a process that could not be done by machine, at least not for a one-time card design that would be obsolete next year. About\nfive percent of a typical year’s card portfolio required some kind of hand finishing. 7 american greetings\n\nPackaging and Distribution Finally, after the cards were finished, they were packaged and sent to the distribution centers in Osceola, Arkansas, and Danville, Kentucky, for shipment to the company’s retail customers around the United States.\n\nCost-Cutting Options: Automate or Outsource\nBy the early 2000s it was clear that American Greetings would have to improve the efficiency of its operations. Steve Willensky, senior vice president and executive sales and marketing officer, recalled, “When I began with the company in 2002, the thing that struck me was that our costs were high, we had redundancy in our plants, and the supply chain was a nightmare.” American Greetings was considering two approaches to reducing manufacturing costs: streamlining and automating domestic production, and outsourcing to China. It seemed to some in the company that outsourcing most or all production was the obvious solution. But top executives did not want to jump to conclusions without studying the problem. For a number of months the company engaged in an internal debate about the merits of improving its existing systems versus transferring manufacturing overseas. The Case for Outsourcing Many senior managers assumed that outsourcing was both desirable and inevitable. As CEO Weiss remembered, “Initially there was a bias in favor of sending manufacturing offshore. The reasoning was, ‘Everybody is doing it. We haven’t done the math yet, but that’s going to be the answer.’” Indeed, some of the company’s competitors had already moved in that direction. For example, in 1998 Gibson Greetings decided to outsource manufacturing of all of its products. Not only was outsourcing a trend; in some ways, it seemed to be a logical extension of what had happened at American Greetings a generation earlier. Originally all manufacturing had been done at company headquarters in Cleveland. But beginning in the 1970s, the company had moved production from the highly unionized industrial Midwest to Kentucky and Tennessee. This brought the advantages not only of cheaper labor and higher productivity but also lower transportation costs, because manufacturing was now done in the center of the country. At first\nglance, outsourcing seemed to be a similar decision. As Goulder recalled, “Many long-time company executives drew an analogy and suggested that the outsourcing decision was the same as when we went to the mid-south.” American Greetings was already sourcing gift bags from Asia, so why not greeting cards? The greatest advantage to outsourcing seemed to be the expected reduction in labor costs. Gary Kopechek, vice president of global sourcing and services, pointed out that because every card was unique, the business involved not only variable labor but a high amount of overhead, as well. “We get huge seasonal spikes—Christmas, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day—on top of our everyday business, which is relatively flat,” said Kopechek. “That’s problematic in keeping our work force fully utilized. Outsourcing to vendors allows them not only to produce our high labor content cards but also to schedule our seasonal spikes into their overall production mix.” Outsourcing manufacturing to China or Mexico seemed to offer a significant labor advantage. The initial design and planning phases needed to remain local, but manufacturing could be done anywhere. The Case for Automation Other executives, especially those on the manufacturing side of the company, believed that they could best maintain the quality and efficiency of operations by streamlining manufacturing in the United States and 8 american greetings\n\ninvesting in upgraded equipment. These executives pointed to problems with transportation, lead times, and training that would occur if production were sent to a distant location. In particular, the logistical costs of outsourcing were significant. To ship product halfway around the world was more expensive than to truck it from the mid-south to the company’s distribution center. The problems caused by the longer distances were compounded by the lead times required for some cards. With manufacturing located in the mid-south, maximum flexibility could be given to the company’s planners and designers. It was relatively easy to send last-minute changes to the plant or to add rush jobs for important customers. But with the increased transportation times that would come with outsourcing, this responsiveness might be degraded. Chris Furlong, vice president of supply chain planning, noted that seasonal cards were particularly hard to send offshore because of the tight schedule required at the specification and\ndesign phases of production. “Let’s say creative has to output 1,000 new designs for Christmas,” explained Furlong. “They cannot process enough of them early enough to get them to China and back.” In considering a new supply-chain strategy, it would be essential either to do some short-term production close to home or to pay high costs for air-freight for the inevitable rush jobs. As sales and marketing head Willensky put it, “Working with a foreign vendor is an unforgiving system. You can’t call your local plant down the street and say, ‘Get that job done tomorrow!’ You are dependent on people far away, and more can go wrong.” Another challenge that had to be considered was the difficulty of training a foreign manufacturer. Because American Greetings was used to working with domestic plants that had been in the business a long time and knew card manufacturing, it had relatively rough and informal specification documents. But to potential vendors in China, mass-production of greeting cards was new. Chinese manufacturers had the capability for high-speed printing of catalogs and similar products, but they had little experience with greeting cards. This meant that it would be crucial for American Greetings to specify its processes precisely, explaining how to lay out, print, and finish all of the variety of cards it created. It would take time for Chinese manufacturers to update their equipment and processes to be able to handle high production volumes efficiently. The sheet arrangement was the most intricate problem for a new manufacturer to solve but not the only one. It was also a delicate matter for a card manufacturer to match the colors and designs of the card template. Finlay said, “If we were going to outsource, we wanted the vendor to develop the capability to print to our standards. We are accustomed to sending the manufacturer a file that contains the information the way we want it to appear, and it’s up to them to get it on the paper that way.” A parallel problem was that a foreign vendor who did not understand card production would also not know how to estimate costs. “Greeting cards are complex in terms of pricing,” said Robert Dedinsky, director of global sourcing and services. “Because other products are one-up operations, it’s easier to get a quote for a manufacturing job. But cards are based on sheeting efficiencies and on variations in the printing and finishing operations required, so the price will differ depending on the pool of cards the vendors get.” Manufacturing executives and others at the company\nbelieved that it was important not to underestimate these communication challenges. As global sourcing head Kopechek put it, “It’s easy to sit here in Cleveland and say, ‘Buy me a party favor in China.’ But there is a lot of instruction that we have to give the suppliers so they know how to make the cards, what testing they have to perform, and what tolerances we’ll accept or not accept.” American Greetings was especially cautious because of the struggles that its former rival Gibson had encountered in outsourcing. CEO Weiss said,\n\n9 american greetings\n\nWhen Gibson Greetings decided to outsource their whole greeting card business, they had a hard time shipping their seasonal cards on time. Because the first Christmas they went through was difficult, the company lost confidence, and the retailers lost confidence. This was a good company with good people. So we were very sober about the idea of outsourcing. We didn’t want to fall into the same problems. Risks of Going to China There were further risks specific to transferring manufacturing to China. First, there were concerns about quality and safety. Goulder explained it this way: “China has the advantage of being free of the bureaucracy of the EPA and OSHA, but in the absence of those controls problems can occur. We need to ensure they conform to our standards” Although the printing of greeting cards did not require the same vigilance as the production of party plates or children’s toys, there were concerns about maintaining a high level of quality, cleanliness, and appropriate workforce management in the plants. There were also risks involved in the required currency transactions. The Chinese yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar, but financial analysts wondered how long this currency pairing would last. Many said that the yuan was undervalued and speculated that the Chinese government would eventually separate it from the dollar. If this were to happen, American companies who had to pay foreign plants in yuan might be hit by cost increases. In doing business with China there were also potential political problems to consider. China was in a state of rapid transition from a command economy to a free market. But the Chinese government was attempting a delicate balance of allowing economic freedom while still maintaining authoritarian, oneparty\nrule. This experiment was still in progress, and some analysts wondered whether it was sustainable long-term. In other countries, economic reforms went hand in hand with democratic political reforms. Would China experience another Tiananmen Square uprising, with students demanding free elections? If so, would there be a violent clash between demonstrators and government forces? Or would the country continue on a path of peaceful growth? Political problems could also take the form of public relations challenges at home. As Kopechek put it, “One of my biggest concerns was market reaction to everything made in China.” Although even American flags were now made in China, protectionist politicians still criticized companies that sent manufacturing overseas. A move to China also could cause an internal identity crisis. For decades the firm had prided itself on doing all the design, manufacturing, and distribution of the full variety of greeting cards. Some updating of this tradition might be necessary, but it was clear that a decision to outsource card production to China would change the nature of the organization in a fundamental way. American Greetings needed to be prepared for the full range of risks and benefits of outsourcing.\n\nThe Model\nIn order to assess the risks and benefits in more detail, American Greetings formed a Card Supply Strategy Team in March 2005. Members of the team were drawn from the manufacturing, global outsourcing, and finance divisions of the company. Goulder gave director of strategic operations Jason Shefrin responsibility for developing a detailed economic model to analyze alternative strategies. With an MBA from the University of Chicago, Shefrin was familiar with financial analysis methods and inventory models. The first option evaluated was the outsourcing of all seasonal cards to China. The team’s analysis showed some significant labor savings, but these benefits were offset to some degree by the costs of transportation. In addition, there was the massive disruption that would happen during the transition, as well as the currency and political risks. There was also the downside associated with longer lead times and 10 american greetings\n\nthe loss of sheeting efficiency for production that remained in the United States. The option of outsourcing seasonal cards appeared to be problematic.\nOutsourcing by Card Category Goulder then requested that detailed cost comparisons of outsourcing versus domestic automation be performed for all cards, both everyday and seasonal. These analyses were to be cut for each of the four main product categories: 1) simple ink-on-paper cards; 2) moderately complex cards; 3) very complex cards without hand finishing; 4) very complex cards with hand finishing. These four types of cards required progressively greater labor to produce, the last having the highest labor content. In performing the cost-benefit analysis on the four categories, the base case was the current production in the U.S. before any improvements in process or technology. (See Exhibit 5 for annual card volumes as well as labor, material, and allocated overhead costs for each of the four categories in the base case.) Outsourcing for Category 4 Cards The Card Supply Strategy Team first evaluated the economics of outsourcing cards in category 4. These were the most complex items that involved finishing operations that could best be done by hand, such as adding ribbons and other decorative attachments. Because of the immense variety of finishings required, investing in more automated technology was not a practical option for category 4 cards. After discussions with companies in China, the team estimated that the Chinese bid price for a category 4 card would be 15 cents per card. The Chinese bid price reflected the fact that in the near term at least, productivity was expected to be much lower in Chinese plants compared to production in the U.S. This was true for category 4 production as well as for production of cards in categories 1 – 3. (See Exhibit 6 for wage rates in the United States and China. See Exhibit 7 for a breakdown of labor costs for printing and hand finishing for U.S. manufacturing of category 4 cards.) Transportation, Lead Time, and Inventory Considerations After coming up with a basic per-card cost for outsourcing category 4 cards, the team wanted to factor in the impact of transportation costs, lead time, and inventory costs for outsourcing any of the categories of cards. The costs of shipping from China were straightforward. (See Exhibit 8 for transportation costs from China to the U.S.) The impact of outsourcing on lead time and inventory was more difficult to calculate. Total card production consisted of seasonal cards and everyday cards, with total volume across the four categories divided evenly between the two types. Outsourcing to China would only affect the inventory levels for everyday cards. Order quantities for seasonal cards\nwere set well before the start of each seasonal campaign, and Shefrin believed the quantities would remain the same whether the cards were produced in China or in the U.S. Printing and hand finishing category 4 cards in China would add eight weeks to the average lead time. There was concern throughout the organization, particularly among manufacturing 11 american greetings\n\nmanagers, about the impact on safety stock resulting from the much longer lead time required for product outsourced to China. For everyday cards American Greetings used an economic order quantity with uncertainty (Q,r) model to determine its order quantities and reorder points. For each SKU, it set the reorder point and therefore the safety stock by specifying a fill rate of 98 percent. In assessing the impact on safety stock, Shefrin treated the six-week domestic production lead time as constant, but he recognized that the estimated 14-week lead time from China was an average and that actual lead time might be longer because of bad weather, port problems, or other delays. He had no data on actual lead times from China and therefore had to make an estimate of variability based on judgment alone. He assumed that the standard deviation of the lead time from China would be about four weeks. In order to compensate for the variable lead time, Shefrin decided to add one standard deviation to the mean lead time. In other words, the lead time could be treated as a constant 18 weeks. Shefrin wanted to compare the cost of carrying safety stock for everyday items under the China option to the cost of carrying safety stock for the current system of producing category 4 cards in the U.S. He found that there were 1,571 everyday SKUs in category 4. With 50 percent of total volume comprising everyday cards, he determined that the annual average demand per card was about was 60,000, which was 5,000 per month or 5,000/4 = 1,250 per week. The company used an order quantity Q equivalent to six weeks of demand or 7,500 cards, and the firm’s inventory carrying percentage was 10 percent. From historical data Shefrin estimated that the standard deviation of weekly demand for this “average” SKU was 600. (See Exhibit 9 for a summary of inventory-related data). Assuming demands from week to week were independent, he had enough information to calculate the safety stock for the average SKU under the China option and the safety stock under the U.S. option. Automation versus\nOutsourcing for the Other Three Categories Finally, for categories 1 to 3, Shefrin and the team examined the costs and benefits of investing in new technology compared to outsourcing to China. First the team developed a factory-of-the-future plan that called for an investment of about $30 million across all card categories. Compared to current manufacturing in the U.S., the analysis showed an internal rate of return of about 40 percent and a payback period of about two years. The main effect of these investments would be to reduce the number of labor hours required for domestic production. See Exhibit 10 for the manufacturing costs for categories 1-3 if the factory-of-the-future technology plan were implemented. Second, after discussions with Chinese factory owners, Shefrin estimated bid prices for cards in categories 1-3 at the factory in China. For categories 1, 2, and 3 respectively, these were 3.6 cents, 5.9 cents, and 9.8 cents per card.\n\nWhat Next?\nAs American Greetings pondered its options, top executives were committed to looking at the problem as objectively as possible. CEO Zev Weiss said, “We needed to have a neutral view, and we needed to have our head of manufacturing and our head of global sourcing lay out the best possible cases on both sides. Just because outsourcing made sense for toys did not mean that it would also make sense for greeting cards.” The more the company looked at the problem, the more complex it seemed to be. Executives wondered if the answer lay somewhere in between complete outsourcing and complete domestic production. “It’s not\n\n12 american greetings\n\njust a question of make versus buy,” said Finlay. “The question is what stays, what goes, and how do you improve what stays?” With its customers clamoring for a great share of the profits and marketing executives asking for new product funding, the decision seemed urgent. But the most important challenge was to analyze the problem correctly so that the company would neither leave potential savings on the table nor jeopardize service levels with an unreliable supply chain.\n\nThis case has been developed with the assistance of American Greetings for pedagogical purposes. The case is not intended to furnish primary data, serve as an endorsement of the organization in question, or illustrate either effective or ineffective management techniques or strategies. Copyright © 2008 Yale University. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission of Yale University School of Management. To order copies of this material or to receive permission to reprint any or all of this document, please contact the Yale SOM Case Study Research Team, 135 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520.\n\n\n1 2 3 4\n\nCase Writer, Yale School of Management. Yale School of Management class of 2008. Professor of Operations Research, Yale School of Management.\n\nClare Ansberry, “Why the Billions of Christmas Cards? Love and Guilt—Also, There Is Business to Do, and Customers to Woo,” The Wall Street Journal, December 8, 1994, p. A1. Gregory Stricharchuk, “Card Makers’ Tough Tactics Belie Sweet Verse as Competition Rises,” The Wall Street Emily Nelson, “Dearest Mom, Greetings from My CD-ROM,” The Wall Street Journal, September 4, 1996, p. B1. J. Courtney Sullivan, “Don’t Care to Send the Very Best?” The New York Times, September 23, 2007.\n\n\nJournal, December 24, 1987.\n6 7 8\n\nJohn R. Dorfman and Wendy Bounds, “American Greetings Gets Warm ‘Hello’ from Investment Pros Who Cite Mass Market,” The Wall Street Journal, June 1, 1994, p. C2.\n\n13 american greetings\n\nExhibit 1: The First Christmas Card\n\nBy John Callcott Horsley, London, 1843\nSource: Public Domain\n\n14 american greetings\n\nExhibit 2: American Greetings Financial Data, 2004\nConsolidated Statement of Operations, Years Ending February 29, 2004, and February 28, 2003, and 2002\n\nThousands of dollars except share and per share amounts\n2004 Net sales Costs and expenses: Material, labor and other production costs Selling, distribution and marketing Administrative and general Restructure charges Interest expense Other (income) expense – net 937,619 649,679 225,400 — 85,828 (60,334) 1,838,192 Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) Income tax expense (benefit) Net income (loss) Earnings (loss) per share Earnings (loss) per share – assuming dilution Average number of shares outstanding Average number of shares outstanding – assuming dilution 170,751 66,081 $ 104,670 $ 1.57 $ 1.40 66,509,332 80,088,377 881,771 620,885 240,129 — 79,095 (26,858) 1,795,022 200,838 79,732 $ 121,106 $ 1.85 $ 1.63 65,636,621 78,980,830 937,001 685,942 313,655 56,715 78,599 51,758 2,123,670 (196,324) (74,014) $ (122,310) $ (1.92) $ (1.92) 63,615,193 63,615,193 $ 2,008,943 2003 $ 1,995,860 2002 $ 1,927,346\n\n15 american greetings\n\nexhibit 2 continued\n\nConsolidated Statement of Financial Position, February 29, 2004, and February 28, 2003\n\nThousands of dollars except share and per share amounts\n2004 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents Trade accounts\nreceivable, less allowances for sales returns of $85,638 ($86,318 in 2003) and for doubtful accounts of $18,183 ($35,595 in 2003) Inventories Deferred and refundable income taxes Prepaid expenses and other Total current assets GOODWILL OTHER ASSETS PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT – NET 250,554 246,171 158,689 236,104 1,176,968 228,955 708,957 369,133 $2,484,013 309,967 278,807 202,485 234,766 1,234,488 209,664 748,540 391,428 $2,584,120 $ 285,450 $ 208,463 2003\n\n16 american greetings\n\nexhibit 2 continued\n\nLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES Debt due within one year Accounts payable Accrued liabilities Accrued compensation and benefits Income taxes Other current liabilities Total current liabilities LONG-TERM DEBT OTHER LIABILITIES DEFERRED INCOME TAXES SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common shares – par value $1 per share: Class A – 75,452,637 shares issued less 12,571,924 Treasury shares in 2004 and 73,886,138 shares issued less 12,586,963 Treasury shares in 2003 Class B – 6,064,472 shares issued less 1,476,248 Treasury shares in 2004 and 6,064,472 shares issued less 1,464,470 Treasury shares in 2003 Capital in excess of par value Treasury stock Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Retained earnings Total shareholders’ equity $— 129,362 129,785 70,896 14,513 78,407 422,963 665,874 96,325 31,311 $ 133,180 167,195 146,050 82,782 57,813 112,377 699,397 726,531 66,379 14,349\n\n62,880 4,588 331,765 (438,612) 20,638 1,286,281 1,267,540 $2,484,013\n\n61,299 4,600 310,872 (438,704) (42,494) 1,181,891 1,077,464 $2,584,120\n\n17 american greetings\n\nExhibit 3: American Greetings Stock Performance, 1980-2005\n\n\n18 american greetings\n\nExhibit 4: American Greetings Supply Chain Locations\n\nKalamazoo, MI Danville, KY Berea, KY\n\nBardstown, KY Greeneville, TN\n\nRipley, TN Forest City, NC Osceola, AR\n\nBurgaw, NC McCrory, AR\n\nPhiladelphia, MS (Choctaw)\n\nFranklin, TN\n\nLafayette, TN\n\n19 american greetings\n\nExhibit 5: Volumes and U.S. Manufacturing Costs by Card Category, 2005\n\n1 – Simple Category Volume Direct Labor Indirect Labor Materials Allocated Overhead Total Cost 1,884,860,889 $21,850,266 $3,508,171 $21,663,947 $15,225,529 $62,247,913\n\n2 – Moderately Complex\n\n3 – Very Complex without Hand Finishing 183,069,742 $9,235,666 $1,155,198 $8,382,630 $653,993 $19,427,487\n\n4 – Very Complex with Hand Finishing 188,603,877 $14,570,391 $1,190,120 $8,636,035 $11,108,135 $35,504,680\n\n782,999,026 $19,674,321 $2,941,694 $17,298,914 $11,859,047 $51,773,976\n\n1 – Simple\n\n2 – Moderately Complex\n\n3 – Very Complex without Hand Finishing\n\n4 – Very Complex with Hand Finishing Cost per Card $0.077 $0.006 $0.046 $0.059 $0.188\n\nCategory Direct Labor Indirect Labor Materials Allocated Overhead Total\n\nCost per Card $0.012 $0.002 $0.011 $0.008 $0.033\n\nCost per Card $0.025 $0.004 $0.022 $0.015 $0.066\n\nCost per Card $0.050 $0.006 $0.046 $0.004 $0.106\n\nNote: Cost per card equals cost (from previous table) divided by volume.\n\n20 american greetings\n\nExhibit 6: Wage Rates in U.S. Plants and China\nCountry United States China Hourly Rate $17.00 $1.25\n\nExhibit 7: Direct Labor Costs for U.S. Production of Category 4 Cards (Very Complex with Hand Finishing) Indirect LaType of Labor Printing Hand Finishing Direct Labor Total Direct Labor Cost $7,179,912 $7,390,478 $14,570,391 bor Cost $442,543 $747,577 $1,190,120\n\nExhibit 8: Transportation Costs from China\nAverage Ocean Rate per Container Other Costs per Container* Total Cost per Container Cubic Feet per Container Cost per Cubic Foot $2,662.24 $537.95 $3,200.18 2,112 $1.515\n\nTransportation Conversions: 4 cards = 1 unit 72 units = 1 “C” Box 1 “C” Box = 23″ x 8.5″ x 7.5″ = 0.85 cubic feet *Other China-related costs include customs, fuel, and trucking from U.S. ports to distribution centers. 21 american greetings\n\nExhibit 9: Inventory Data\nTotal Annual Volume: Total Annual SKUs: Annual Demand per SKU = Average Monthly Demand per SKU = Average Weekly Demand per SKU = Standard Deviation of Weekly Demand = Order Quantity for Average Card = Inventory Carrying Percentage = 3 billion cards 50,000 60,000 5,000 1,250 600 7,500 10 %\n\nExhibit 10: Labor Costs by Category for Factory of the Future\n\nFactory of the Future Savings Category % Labor Reduction 1 – Simple 2 – Moderately Complex 3 – Very Complex without Hand Finish 14% Cost per Card $0.043 $0.005\n\n27% Cost per Card\n\n53% Cost per Card $0.012 $0.002\n\nDirect Labor Indirect Labor Total (including materials and overhead)\n\n$0.008 $0.001\n\n\n\n\n22 american greetings\n\n0 Replies to “American Greeting Cards Case Study”\n\nLascia un Commento\n\nL'indirizzo email non verrà pubblicato. 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+{"content": "(redirected from DASH Diet)\n\n\n..... Click the link for more information.\n..... Click the link for more information.\n..... Click the link for more information.\n, Holy Roman emperor. The most important diets of the ReformationReformation,\n..... Click the link for more information.\n were WormsWorms, Diet of,\n..... Click the link for more information.\n..... Click the link for more information.\n..... Click the link for more information.\n\n..... Click the link for more information.\n, under Government and Politics.\n\n\nfood and drink regularly consumed for nourishment. Nutritionists generally recommend eating a wide variety of foods; however, some groups of people survive on a very limited diet. The traditional Eskimo diet, for example, depended heavily on meat, but Eskimos ate nearly all of the animal; organ meats are rich in vitamins and minerals. Vegetarians exclude meat (and sometimes by extension dairy products) from their diet, often for philosophical reasons. Others exclude only red meat, but eat poultry and dairy products. To maintain a healthy diet, vegetarians need to eat a wide variety of plants whose nutrients complement each other, providing a balance of amino acids and vitamins.\n\nCultural, Regional, and Practical Factors\n\nUntil the advent of refrigerationrefrigeration,\n..... Click the link for more information.\n, the most important factor in a person's diet was availability; diets varied according to animal migrations and the growing seasons of fruits, nuts, and vegetables. Another factor in food selection can be religion. Muslims, for example, are forbidden to drink alcohol.\n\nDiets vary throughout the world. North Africa, with many Muslims, and the Middle East have similar diets. A starchy food (see starchstarch,\n..... Click the link for more information.\n), such as rice, boiled and pounded yam mush, or cassava, is often accompanied by a spicy stew of fish or chicken with vegetables. Other popular dishes include curries, kebabs (marinated meat threaded on a stick and roasted), couscous (steamed wheat semolina), falafel (a spiced fritter), and yogurt. Many Asian diets are based on rice, which is often served with bite-size vegetables and meats accompanied by spicy seasoning. In Europe, bread is often the main starch, but Italy is noted for pastapasta,\n..... Click the link for more information.\n, a nutritious noodle made from wheat and usually topped with a sauce, such as a small serving of cooked tomatoes garnished with cheese. In Scandinavia, fish in general, and herring in particular, are main staples of the diet.\n\nFood has always been subject to cross-cultural influences, often as a result of colonization and migration of people. Thus, French influences can be seen throughout Asia, particularly in Japan and Indochina; Dutch influences in Indonesia and South Africa; and Indian influences throughout the Commonwealth of Nations. Certain foods, such as dumplings, are found in slightly different forms in all cultures. North American cuisine is an amalgam of Native American foods, such as corn-on-the-cob, and immigrant cuisines, including that of Africans.\n\nDiet in the Twentieth Century\n\nIn the 20th cent. diets have been transformed by refrigeration, improved and faster transportation, advances in food preservationfood preservation,\n..... Click the link for more information.\n, and new farming methods that prolong the growing season and increase the yield per acre. As a result, foods are available more regularly, items purchased in one season can be frozen and consumed in another, and prices have become more competitive. After World War II, increased advertising, particularly on television, and the growing number of households in which all adults are employed, contributed to an increased consumption of unhealthy fast foods. Efforts in the 1980s and 90s by health experts to educate the public about the importance of a healthy diet has had some impact. People are eating more fruits, grains, and vegetables, and less red meat, and are aware of the need to control their weight. The latter has given rise to many ineffective, and sometimes dangerous, fad diets that do not provide all of the necessary daily nutrients. Successful weight control requires a carefully planned regimen of exercise combined with a diet based on the nutritionnutrition,\n..... Click the link for more information.\n information supplied by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture's Food Guide Pyramid (see food pyramidfood pyramid\nor Food Guide Pyramid,\n..... Click the link for more information.\n\n\nSee D. and P. Von Welanetz, The Von Welanetz Guide to Ethnic Ingredients (1982); J. Newman, Melting Pot: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Food and Nutrition Information for Ethnic Groups in America (1986); S. Quandt and C. Ritenbaugh, Training Manual in Nutritional Anthropology (1986); B. Griggs, The Food Factor: An Account of the Nutrition Revolution (1988).\n\n\n\na specially planned nutritional regimen with respect to quantity, chemical composition, physical properties, culinary processing, and intervals of food ingestion. The nutritional regimen of a healthy individual that meets the requirements of his occupation, sex, age, and so forth (a rational diet) is the subject of study of nutritional hygiene. Dietetics, the science of therapeutic nutrition, is concerned with the development and prescription of diets for sick individuals. The planning of a diet takes into account the functional, pathomorphological, metabolic, enzymic, and other disturbances in the human organism. A properly selected diet creates the most favorable background for the use of various treatments, reinforces the effects of these treatments, or exerts a therapeutic effect. The prophylactic significance of diet is that it deters acute diseases from becoming chronic ones.\n\n\nPokrovskii, A. A. Besedy o pitanii. Moscow, 1968.\nDiet for animals is the feeding regimen for a sick animal. Prescription of a diet takes into account the diagnosis and course of the disease, the state of the sick animal, and its age, sex, breed, and productivity. The feed rations of a sick animal must include high-quality, easily digestible feeds with a complete complement of the necessary nutrients. When there is a vitamin deficiency in the rations of herbivorous animals, they are given hay and meal of leguminous grasses, mixed silage, sprouted grain, infusion of coniferous needles, and nutritional yeasts. Carnivorous animals in the same situation are given milk, fresh meat, fish, liver, and eggs. When there is a deficiency or an incorrect proportion of macroelements and microelements, appropriate mineral supplements manufactured in the form of salt pellets or mixed feeds are introduced. Sometimes certain feeds are limited in the rations or are subjected to special processing (pulverization, steaming, fermentation).\n\n\nDmitrochenko, A. P., and P. D. Pshenichnyi. Kormlenie se’skokhoziaistvennykh zhivotnykh. Leningrad, 1964.\nVnutrennie nezaraznye bolezni sel’skokhoziaistvennykh zhivotnykh, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1964.\n\n\nThe food or drink regularly consumed.\nFood prescribed, regulated, or restricted as to kind and amount, for therapeutic or other purpose.\n\n\na. a specific allowance or selection of food, esp prescribed to control weight or in disorders in which certain foods are contraindicated\nb. (as modifier): a diet bread\n\n\n1. Politics a legislative assembly in various countries, such as Japan\n2. History the assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire\n3. Scots law\na. the date fixed by a court for hearing a case\nb. a single session of a court\nReferences in periodicals archive ?\nThe largest differences in blood pressure occurred with subjects following the DASH diet (daily sodium intake, 1,500 mg.\nDASH DIET (about 2,000 calories per day) FOOD GROUP SERVINGS PER DAY GRAINS (cooked cereal, rice, pasta - 1 cup; ready-to-eat cereal - 1 cup; bread - 1 slice) 7 to 8 VEGETABLES (fresh or frozen 1 cup) 4 to 5 FRUITS & JUICES (fresh, frozen, canned -1/2 cup) 4 to 5 LOW FAT MILK PRODUCTS (milk, yogurt - 1 cup; natural cheeses - 1 1/2 oz) 2 to 3 MEAT, POULTRY, FISH (3 oz) 2 or less NUTS, SEEDS, (1/3 cup) LEGUMES (1/2 cup) 1 FATS & OILS (1 tsp of unsaturated oil or soft 2 to 3 trans-fat free margarine; 2 tsp salad dressing) SALT INTAKE: 2/3 OF A TEASPOON PER DAY\nAt the end of the day, our [Canadian] diet,&nbsp;the MIND diet, the Mediterranean diet and the DASH diet are not that different; they're all likely to be helpful,\" Greenwood said.\nThe DASH diet also aims to reduce your overall consumption of foods that are high in total and saturated fat and cholesterol.\nThese benefits are largely due to the fact that the DASH diet improves cardiovascular health, which has been shown to be protective against progressive cognitive decline associated with AD,\" Dr.\nThe science appears to be acceptable, but there is no difference in effect between the well-known DASH diet and these other diets (that include beef).\nOne of the main components of the DASH diet is intake of low-fat dairy products,'\" said Dr.\nTHE DASH DIET FOOD GROUPS EXAMPLES SERVING SIZE DAILY SERVINGS Whole-grain Bread, cereal, crackers, 1 oz dry 7 to 8 products pasta, rice, popcorn cereal, 1 servings a slice bread, day 1/2 cup cooked pasta/rice Vegetables Tomatoes, potatoes, 1 cup raw or 4 to 5 broccoli, carrots, green 1/2 cup cooked servings a beans veg.\nBut the bigger concern was that these doctors really thought that the DASH diet was all that nutrition has to offer hypertension management.\nIn an effort to measure the women's adherence to the DASH diet, the researchers created a DASH score based on their consumption of eight foods and nutrients: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, low-fat dairy, red and processed meat, sweetened beverages, and sodium.\nDietary interventions that raised HDL include low-carbohydrate diets, the DASH diet, supplementation with soy protein including isoflavones, and multivitamin supplementation.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8463108539581299}
+{"content": "Plant a tree\n\n“Plant a tree” is an environmental project ran by G.A.D.A that plants trees to help reduce the negative effects of climate change. Alongside being home to over 80& of the world’s biodiversity, trees sustain humanity by absorbing harmful carbon from the atmosphere and releasing the oxygen we use to breathe. Just as importantly, trees produce food and helps to protect against soil erosion by cycling nutrients, a major importance on a continent which relies heavily upon its natural resources for the health of its economy.\n\nBesides their ecological function, forests are the key ingredient in one quarter of all medicines and are a great source for sustainable goods such as timber, fuel and bio products.\n\nFood-producing trees guarantee health and nutrition by providing fruit, nuts, berries and leaves for consumption for people and animals, whilst forest spaces can be used as beautiful recreation spaces that are filled with social and cultural benefits for all of the family, because alongside providing shade to help protect our skin from the harshness of the sun, trees help to alleviate stress and anxiety by allowing us to reconnect with nature.\n\nAll donations will go towards planting and caring for the trees which will later be used to distribute saplings to create strong, healthy forests across the continent, specifically in locations that have been over-exploited for timber, agriculture and mining.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9952231645584106}
+{"content": "GMB Security - View Image\n\nSmartWater claims first Cash-in-Transit conviction\n\nBy Brian Sims\n\nG4S Cash Services (UK) has welcomed news of the first Cash-in-Transit criminal to be convicted through forensic evidence using SmartWater, the state-of-the-art forensic technology.\n\nAt Wood Green Court, 21-year-old Ali Lwanga of Baron Walk, London E16 was found guilty of two counts of conspiracy to rob and one count of money laundering and concealing stolen property following a string of robberies across East London. The case against Lwanga was aided by irrefutable forensic evidence secured using SmartWater, an invisible liquid which can only be seen under ultraviolet light. Tim Ramm - G4S' regional risk director - was present in Court to witness the verdict.\n\nLwanga, who claimed he committed these crimes to pay off debts, had recruited a team of youths to carry out the robberies, allowing him to direct the attacks from a safe distance. Tests conducted by SmartWater scientists on recovered money and clothing provided the evidence linking Lwanga to at least four Cash-in-Transit robberies and three cases of money laundering. G4S has partnered with SmartWater Technology in incorporating the new product within a variety of anti-theft systems and cashboxes to protect cash delivery couriers. The UK-wide partnership is the first of its kind involving a Cash-in-Transit organisation.\n\nLinking offenders with the attack\nIn use, SmartWater enables the police service to directly link an offender with a specific attack. Criminals who break into a G4S cashbox unavoidably become contaminated by SmartWater, which cannot be seen by the naked eye but remains traceable for up to six months. Speaking about the conviction, Adam Miller - risk director at G4S Cash Services (UK) said: \"This conviction is testament to the excellent work of the Metropolitan Police Service. We thank them for their diligence in pursuing the perpetrators of this crime. Over the last decade, the Cash-in-Transit industry has seen a marked increase in the number and severity of criminal attacks perpetrated on couriers. With a 100% conviction rate, SmartWater technology should be a major deterrent to those considering attacking a Cash-in-Transit courier.\" Miller continued: \"The partnership with SmartWater is just one of several proactive initiatives we are taking in association with police forces and other key stakeholders such as the British Security Industry Association (BSIA), the GMB Trade Union, banks and retailers to curtail the number of attacks taking place.\"\n\nValuable for detection and prevention\nInvestigating officer DC Laurie Bays of the Barking Flying Squad added: \"This is the first time SmartWater evidence has been presented during a trial to help us convict a Cash-in-Transit robber. The technology's proving to be an extremely valuable tool in both detecting and preventing crime. We hope this conviction will serve as a warning to other potential criminals.\" DC Bays continued: \"The Flying Squad and Operation Vanguard are achieving a 65% detection rate for Cash-in-Transit robberies, which means there's better than a one-in-two chance of being caught for this crime. The introduction of SmartWater can only improve that statistic, and ensure that criminals are convicted and punished when arrested.\" Operation Vanguard is a Flying Squad initiative aimed at tackling robberies from Cash-in-Transit (CIT) vehicles and commercial premises alike. It has been running since November 2006, and is intelligence-led. High visibility policing coupled with covert techniques are being used to deter attacks as deliveries are made.\n\n£100 million crime prevention investment\nIt has been said before but it's worth reiterating that the Cash-in-Transit industry is vital to the economic liquidity of the UK, where cash remains the consumer's preferred method of payment. The industry transports something in the region of £500 billion per annum, employs around 8,000 couriers boasts a fleet of some 4,000 vehicles. The SmartWater initiative is one of a number of steps being taken by G4S and the industry as a whole to reduce the number of attacks against the Cash-in-Transit industry. G4S alone has invested around £100 million over the past five years in crime prevention measures such as armoured vehicles, body armour and innovative technology.\n\nAngus Groat\n\n\nContact: Gary Smith, GMB National Secretary on 07710 618909 or GMB Press Office: Steve Pryle on 07921 289880 or Rose Conroy on 07974 251823.\n\nSuffered an attack at work?\n\nTell GMB about the attack you suffered at work.\n\nComplete the case study\n\nAlso dont forget to report the incident to the police!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9073644876480103}
+{"content": "\n\n\nHike Islands Philippines\n\n\nHiking in Philippines is a relatively new adventure sport, but the last few years have seen it achieving tremendous popularity. The best treasures in the Philippines are to be found beyond the well-trodden routes. Only hiking can give you the chance to explore the places which otherwise you would not even consider worth taking notice of.\n\n\n\nHiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments, often on hiking trails. It is such a popular activity that there are numerous hiking organizations worldwide. The health benefits of different types of hiking have been confirmed in studies. The word hiking is understood in all English-speaking countries, but there are differences in usage.\n\nIn the United States and United Kingdom, hiking refers to cross-country walking of a longer duration than a simple walk and usually over terrain where hiking boots are required. A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day, often applied to mountain hikes to a lake or summit, but not requiring an overnight camp, in which case the term backpacking is used. Bushwhacking specifically refers to difficult walking through dense forest, undergrowth, or bushes, where forward progress requires pushing vegetation aside. In extreme cases of bushwhacking where the vegetation is so dense that human passage is impeded, a machete is used to clear a pathway.\n\nAustralians use the term bushwalking for both on- and off-trail hiking. New Zealanders use tramping (particularly for overnight and longer trips), walking or bushwalking. Multi-day hiking in the mountainous regions of India, Nepal, North America, South America, and in the highlands of East Africa is also called trekking.\n\nTravel Quotes:\n\n\n\nDesserts Food, Philippine Cuisine\n\n\nMore details at Desserts Food, Philippine Cuisine\n\nPhilippine Top Mountains to Climb: Mount Pico de Loro, Cavite, Mount Daguldol, Batangas, Mount Pinatubo, Zambales, Mount Ugu, Benguet, Mount Pulag, Benguet, Mount Mariveles, Tarak Ridge, Bataan, Mount Kitanglad Range, Bukidnon, Mount Apo, Davao del Sur, Mount Kanla-on, Negros Occidental, Mount Guiting-Guiting, Romblon, Mt. Banahaw, Quezon, Mt. Makiling, Laguna\n\n\nPhilippine Hike: Hiking Philippines | Types of Hiking | Hiking Tips | Hiking Essentials | What to do if you lost in the hike? | How to Prepare for the Hiking Season? | First Aid Kits for Hiking\n\nLike Us on Facebook\n\nLike on Facebook\n\nIslands Philippines\n\nWebsite Visitors by Country\n\n\nSite contents and listings are property of their respective owners and contributors and may be protected by copyrights, trademarks or other proprietary rights and laws. While we strive to present information as accurately as possible, We are not responsible for\nany mistakes in information materials, written or any other kind.\nHike Guides and References - Hike Islands Philippines, All Rights Reserved.\nIslands Philippines © Copyright -", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9983252882957458}