Process of regeneration in planarians, Biology

Process of Regeneration in Planarians

Regeneration in planarians has been broadly studied and considerable information regarding this phenomenon is now available. Let us see what this tells us about how planarians regenerate. Refer a planaria whose head is cut. The wound formed is basically covered by the epidermis of the skin. The cells move tangentially over the wound surface without proliferating. This process takes place in the first twenty four hours after the cut. Next a blastema is formed beneath the epidermis. Regeneration includes a combination of morphallactic and Epimorphic events as it occurs at either cut end, not just only by migration of coherent sheets as in coelentrates, but as well by proliferation of undifferentiated cells of the blastema. The head and tail blastema are both ascertained from the start. The head blastema makes the head and the tail blastema the tail. The blastema cells also give rise to most of the regenerating organs: the connective tissues, the pharynx, the nervous system, the muscles and still the reproductive organs.

The skin epithelium as well arises from the skin at the edge of the wound. It is believed that the cut edge of the old intestine gives rise to the intestine in the regenerate. For several years regeneration of the missing pans in planarians was believed to be because of neoblast cells. These cells that are distributed throughout the body, are distinguished chiefly by an abundance of cytoplasmic RNA in them. These cells seem to accumulate at the wound surface after an amputation-and appear to form a , regenerating blastema that proliferates and then forms the missing part. The nature and source of the neoblast has aroused some of the controversy that has not been resolved so far. Muscle dedifferentiation throughout regeneration has also been observed in planarian regeneration by some workers. Whereas Hay and Coward (1975) on the basis of electron microscopic studies on neoblasts in planarians have completed that the neoblasts are in reality gland cells and not undifferentiated cells, as earlier studies along with light microscope indicated. These cells have a prominent just a nuclear Golgi zone and an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum as supposed in gland cells. Hay's and Howard's further electron microscopic studies have as well shown the presence of very small cells called be& cells which earlier under the light microscope were poorly visible and resolved. These cells occur in the parenchyma surrounding the several glandular, muscular and digestive tissues, and have the characteristic of undifferentiated cells.

The Beta cells have a nucleus along with small chromatic clump and no nucleolus, whereas their cytoplasm has ribosomes but lacks endoplasmic reticulum. Transitional stages among beta and various differentiated cellular types have also been found. These findings have pointed out that the beta cells constitute progenitor cells for various tissue types with which they are connected, in the same way as cells of the germinal layer of the skin are progenitor cells for the keratinizing cells or cells of the intestinal crypts are the progenitors of mucosal cells. So it appears that beta cells would not essentially be totipotent. A number of studies of planarian regeneration have though still not fully solved the origin of the regenerative cells which may to the neoblasts or the B cells though and the mechanism of regeneration in these animals. some graft experiments have been conducted to see if the regenerative cells are of local origin or capable of migration. Such studies display that if an animal is irradiated by x- rays prior to wounding then its regenerating ability is inhibited. Though this can be restored by a graft of healthy. It has as well been observed that if in the irradiated planaria with a healthy graft an amputation is made at a site remote from the graft, then regeneration takes place, usually after a period of delay that is apparently needed for migration and proliferation of the regenerative cells from the graft to the site of the wound. This points out that the re-genitive cells are capable of long distance migration and the formation of blastema on the cut surface.

Posted Date: 1/31/2013 5:47:50 AM | Location : United States

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Gameguru Mania - cheats

  Outlast [Xbox One]

Complete the following achievements to unlock Xbox Live Gamerscore points.

Achievement How to unlock
CLAUSTROPHOBE (150 points) Finished the game without hiding under a bed or in a locker.
EDUCATED (50 points) Collected 15 documents and completed 15 recordings.
ELEVATOR OPERATOR (25 points) Dropped the corpse in the elevator shaft.
EMANCIPATED (50 points) Collected the key in the Female Ward.
ENERGISER (200 points) Finished the game in Insane Mode without reloading camera batteries.
FLUSHED (50 points) Drained the Sewers.
ILLUMINATED (50 points) Restored power to the Administrative Block.
LUNATIC (150 points) Finished the game in Insane mode.
PULITZER (125 points) Collected all documents and completed all recordings.
PUNISHED (100 points) Finished the game.
SOAKED (50 points) Activated the sprinklers in the Male Ward.

(c) 1997-2017 Box Network Ltd.


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Poor conditions and other obstacles mean rescue divers are facing the  daunting task of rescuing passengers who may have found air pockets inside a ferry that sank off South Korea s southern coast.

But even if they have air to breathe, the threat of hypothermia is reducing their chances of survival.

It’s a very difficult operation and while there may be survivors, even if they re found, it s going to be hazardous to bring them to the surface, said Kim Petersen, governor emeritus of the Maritime Security Council and president and chairman of Security Dynamics.

Twenty-five people, including a female crew member, at least five students and two teachers, were confirmed dead by South Korean coast guard officials Friday. But more than 270 passengers — many of them high school students — were missing and many are presumed dead. Officials put the number of survivors at 179.

The 146-metre Sewol now sits — with just part of its keel visible — in waters off Mokpo, about 470 kilometres from Seoul. The interior of that ship is the focus of the desperate search for survivors.

Currently, there are 178 divers feeling their way around inside the vessel, diving in teams, running multiple safety lines, searching in a grid fashion as they look for openings that could lead to voids where pockets of air could sustain life, Petersen said.

The working assumption, Petersen said, is that some passengers were able to find air pockets in the vessel. But with divers planning to pump oxygen into the ship to help any survivors, the question is whether or not they re still alive.

Divers started pumping air into the submerged vessel early on Friday. It is unclear whether the air is for a rescue or salvage operation.

Prof. Gordon Giesbrecht, associate dean of kinesiology and recreations management at the University of Manitoba, said food shouldn t be an issue, as someone could live for weeks without it. Although the general rule is that people can only last three days without water, some survivors of disasters have shown they can live longer,

This means passengers on the vessel  would die either by asphyxiation or hypothermia, he said. Surviving hypothermia could depend on how extensively the passengers have been immersed in water.

With water temperatures ranging from 10 C to 12 C, Giesbrecht said it s unlikely that someone almost completely immersed in water could survive past 24 hours.

People could be in enclosed spaces with trapped air anywhere from full immersion up to the neck, to very little immersion. And in that case, people could survive for days.

However, with poor visibility and a strong current, divers are facing huge challenges finding surviving passengers.

It’s just a daunting task, Petersen said.

Any survivor who is found may be injured, suffering from hypothermia, and now have to be moved from a void deep inside the ship to the surface using scuba equipment they will most likely be unfamiliar with.

The water is 10 C. It’s murky, it’s going to be pitch dark, it has to be the most frightening environment these desperate students could find themselves in, if there are any that’s still alive, Petersen said.

And then having to move through an environment that’s going to have numerous obstacles, for example metal edges, broken glass and then coupled with the current — all of which makes for a daunting rescue scenario.

Petersen said it may take 15 to 20 minutes to follow the safety lines back through the maze of hallways and debris that would ultimately lead to the surface.

Rescue crew may also try to raise the vessel using a crane to try to extract any survivors, but that might require more time than would be available, Petersen said.

Once a survivor has been found, Giesbrecht said there’s no rush to get them out, even if they’re suffering from hypothermia.

When you re going to rescue somebody, speed isn’t the issue. If they’re still alive, they’re in a very stable situation so you can take your time, knowing that in an hour their temperature won t drop.

The rescuers should take the time to calm the passenger down, he said.

You’ve got the person, they’re alive. If it took you an hour to get the person out of there, who cares.

Basically you’re going to teach somebody how to scuba dive in the worst possible conditions. Cold water, dark, survival situation. So you really have to take your time, Giesbrecht said.

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Commitment and Expectations


other offences for profit

Other offences for profit include the following types of offences:

- Receipt of stolen property and money laundering

- Fraud, total

- Embezzlement, total

- Misappropriation of funds

- Corruption and influencing trade

- Accounting offences

- Creditor-related offences

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- Violations of the Customs Act

- Other business and economic offences


Analysis of the Main Characters

Most of the characters in this play are trivial, but there are a few that accelerate the plot. The characters whom I think are the main characters are Walter, Mamma, and Mr. Linder. These three characters affect each other, and progress the plot.

Mr. Linder creates a conflict within the family, and he causes much distress. He forces the family to reconsider their choices, and represents the temptation of money against dreams.

Walter is the main character in the play, and although not being a perfect character, he is my favorite. He grows the most throughout the play, and makes many choices in order to obtain a better future. He first makes terrible choices that put the family in jeopardy. After being given $3,500 to invest in Beneatha’s education and $3,000 to keep, he instead uses to money to invest in a liquor store with Willy Harris. Willy Harris ends up running off with the money, leaving Walter to play the part of the fool. He then makes the right choice at the end of the play by deciding against Mr. Linder’s bribe and buying the house in Clybourne Park. He also gives a brilliant and tenacious speech about how his family is proud to be black, and that they will move into this new neighborhood no matter what.

Mama, our final character, is a very caring and down to earth person. seems to always care and provide for other people, putting her own needs last. She believes that dreams are more important than money, and that money is just a

means to an end. For her, purchasing the house in Clybourne Park is the number one priority. She believes that doing so will spark the family’s motivation. She also loves and cares deeply about Travis, and she wants a big yard for him to play in. Mama is a very straight forward  character, and her wants and needs do not change very much throughout the play.


Presentation: In-memory caching: curb tail latency with Pelikan

10:35am - 11:25am

Key Takeaways

  • Gain insight into the first principles used by Twitter in building Pelikan
  • Understand design decisions and architectural patterns used in the implementation of Twitter’s replacement for Redis and Memecachd.
  • Learn about techniques used to improve latency in high throughput systems like Twitter.

In-memory caching in a distributed setting is ubiquitous, of which users usually expect both high throughput and low latencies. Meanwhile, to actually achieve them requires understanding the details and subtleties in low-level system behavior, including memory management, threading model, locking, network I/O, etc.

Pelikan is a framework to implement distributed caches such as Memcached and Redis. This talk discusses the system aspects that are important to the performance, especially tail latencies, of such services. It also covers the decisions we made in Pelikan, and how they help us reason about performance even before we run benchmarks.

QCon: What is Pelikan?

Yao: Pelikan is the in memory caching framework that I have been working on to replace the caching use cases at Twitter.

People know that Twitter is, historically, a very large Memcached shop. It is also a very large Redis shop, and we have done our own forks based on those both Memcached and Redis. As we accumulate more experience with these existing caching services, we have a good idea of how to do it well. We realized that instead of having two solutions working toward the same purpose, we can unify them in a single architecture that is optimized for the use cases Twitter needs.

In short, Pelikan is the replacement for Memcached and Redis and everything they are responsible for at Twitter.

QCon: So is it kind of a ground up replacement for cache tools like Memcached and Redis?

Yao: I would describe it as two fold. From an architectural (or design) point of view, it is a clean slate design. We come at it from first principles asking questions like ‘What is the problem we are trying to solve using caching in memory storage?’ and ‘What are the requirements?’ If we pose this problem as a new question today, how are we going to design an architecture that works for the scale and works for the datacenter that we have or that is available on the market? So from a design point of view, it is a clean slate.

However, new code is usually bad code (or if not bad, it’s ugly code). There is significant risk in using new coding in a critical piece of the architecture. In terms of implementation, we are not so strict. We actually prefer using existing code if it fits into the design well.  So let’s say you have an existing networking library that works really well, there is no need to write your own library to handle connections. You can just copy the code that handles connections and drop that into your design. You can do that, because it serves exactly the same purpose. With implementation, we are much more practical and utilitarian in examining solutions that we have, including Memcached and Twemcached (which is our fork Redis). We will take a look at whoever has a good library out there that does something similar. gRPC is another one. There are actually a lot of code that does more or less the same thing, so we would just look at all the codebases we can find. If there is something that we can use, we will use it, and we will give credit to open source project.

In reality, what happened is we started by copying code and writing new code about one to one. We were re-using about 50% of our code from existing open source projects and I lost track of the ratio over time because then we started re-factoring and polishing the code. But we started with 50% re-use. The new code ratio has gone up slightly since then, because, as we add more features and as we re-write, we tend to bring more code of our own into the project.

QCon: How would you describe target audience core persona?

Yao: I have two groups of people in mind. The first being architects and designers who are designing or re-designing systems from the ground up. Considering these aspects will help them avoid some pitfalls that they will regret later. The second group being SRE’s (or people who actually need to operate these systems). This group organically showed up after I gave other similar talks.  They are the ones getting the question of "why is my PIII high?" If the design is flawed (or if you run in a very unstable environment and share resources with other processes), a lot of things are beyond your control. These are the people who will benefit if the service, especially the quality of service, can be guaranteed more strongly or can be reasoned about more easily.

QCon: What’s the goal of your talk?

Yao: Since this talk is in the performance track, the goal of my talk is to focus on the performance aspect of Pelikan. I will focus on latency because there are services that deliver very high throughput but, if you look at their latency (especially tail latencies), there tend to be outliers. I believe Redis sometimes has this problem. Pretty much all questions, discussions, troubleshooting sessions are about why is something slow unexpectedly? So that’s really what I want to talk about.

Speaker: Yao Yue

Distributed Systems Engineer Working on Cache @Twitter

Distributed Systems Engineer Working on Cache at Twitter

Find Yao Yue at

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Monday Nov 7

Tuesday Nov 8

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Conference for Professional Software Developers


Free Horoscope Daily

Saturday, October 21st, 2017

Today it may seem like the universe is not on your side. Delays, setbacks and postponements are all necessary to keep you on your path. If we all received what we wanted when we wanted it, there would be chaos.

Learn about Astrology on our new blog!

About Leo

Leo loves the spotlight. They deserve it because they are so enthusiastic and creative. Leo is a faithful partner unless they are criticized. You can never show enough appreciation to a Leo. They are usually athletic but only pursue sports if their heart is in it. This holds true for the career, as money is not enough of a motivator for a Leo. Leo can be stubborn but will ease up if they receive love and respect from their partners.


Neutral Evaluation

Neutral Evaluation is a voluntary, consensual, non-binding process in which a Neutral evaluates the merits of a dispute.  Each side has an opportunity to present information and supporting arguments regarding their case. The Neutral will evaluate, based on his/her expertise, the strengths and weaknesses of the claims, supporting evidence and possible outcomes.  The Neutral’s evaluation is a form of legal information that is provided impartially.  The process is confidential, so the results are not admissible in court.  Neutral Evaluation offers a way for parties to gather information as a means to resolving their dispute.


Every now and again, I do a  DIY that I really like for one reason or the other. Sometimes it’s because it’s in a very different style to my previous DIYs, other times it’s because it goes perfectly with an outfit I have in mind, or, like with this DIY, it’s minimal effort, maximum impact. My favourite! 🙂

This DIY is soooo simple it takes less than 5 minutes and no tools besides a pair of scissors which, being an everyday item, I discount as a tool per se! All you really need is:

  • black cord
  • big silver beads with a hole big enough to thread 2 black cords through (readily available at most bead stores)
  • Optional: a Diptyque candle to inspire you?

Step 1: cut it

Cut 2 lengths of cord of the same length. It’s always better to have a bit more so make each cord at least 1.5m long. You can always trim it down later but it’s much more difficult to add length to a cord!

Step 2: thread it

Slide 1 bead onto 1 cord and pull about 10 cm of cord through.

Use the other cord and slide it through the same bead (again 10 cm) but in the opposite direction.IMG_6087
Take both ends of the cord and tie a knot to form a tassel.

Now use the other end of the 2 cords and repeat as many times as you like- the more of a statement you want to make, the more times you should repeat it!

Step 3

When you have made a long enough “ladder” of beads, slide some silver beads onto each cord- as you can see I’ve used 3 on each cord, but you can use as many/ few as you like.

Optional step

If you prefer a bigger tassel, cut some more lengths of cord (around 10 cm) and tie them around the knot you made in Step 2. You can also add some silver beads to the ends of the strings in the tassel.

I think this is going to be one of my most worn DIYs!

Written by Zen

Hi Elizabeth, thanks for visiting my post and your comments on the FB group page 🙂 Boho is short for bohemian (free spirited, indie etc)- in terms of style, Free People and often Anthropologie often have very boho inspired pieces. So whilst not prescriptive of the style, maxi dresses, shells, fringes etc are often used in boho pieces. Hope this helps!

Let's chat! :)


Sacred Foot Massage

Sacred Foot MassageBubbles, warm water, and lavender oil await your longing feet to be touched, pampered and adored for an hour of intimate bliss and love! To be touched, and embraced with kindness opens up the heart, clears ones energy, and allows one to surrender into the experience of receiving; being nurtured, pampered, appreciated, respected and offered unconditional love.

I love watching someone melt, and relax in peace, knowing they are in safe arms, cared for, and can surrender their true feelings. It is fulfilling to give the gift of love, and be received with gratitude that they allowed you to help release their stresses, sadness, or anxiety, and opened their heart.

Sacred Foot Massage is much more than a massage. It is a full body experience of bliss, energy cleansing, pampering, and opening up to the greater gift of ones own heart, as the heart melts its fears, worries, concerns and stresses, and can relax into the unknown, as though time was nonexistent. A true healing experience in formed, and with delight and trust, sometimes ones heart opens even greater and tears of love release from the body, as the stress leaves and changes form.

The opposite of stress and anxiety is bliss. As the body shifts the stress, it opens up to a kundalini wave of energy flowing that takes over and manifests as bliss. Bliss is a full body feeling of pleasure, however, pleasure does not necessarily mean sexual. It can mean a spiritual cleansing of ones own energy center. In many cases, however, orgasm manifests, and takes over inside and outside, as deeper breaths rise, energy expands and love abounds!

Sacred Foot Massage includes a consultation/coaching part of the session, discussion of current or recent issues, blocks and obstacles, and desires of where to arrive/goals to achieve. Then the session includes a hand to the heart, guided deep breathing, and then getting ready to soak the feet in a tub of warm bubbly water. Then massage is experienced on one foot at a time, dripping water to the rest of the leg, and massaging the rest of the leg. Then the other foot and leg is done. Often a blanket will rest over the upper part of the body, with a pillow behind the persons head and room to stretch out as they relax deeper. After the feet are done, deeper massing into the thighs is experienced, and then more of a sensual nature massage takes form. As the person surrenders they may experience full body orgasm, and as they come to rest, I may rest my hand on their heart again, or put my arm around them to allow them to surrender into the bliss and love just received. Sometimes it takes a moment to get grounded and integrate from this experience, so I will sit with them and hold them until they feel settled and ready to get up.

This is an example of one of the Spiritual Tantra Sessions I offer. There are many other examples.

Much Love and Blessings,

Purifying the Chakras

Purifying the Chakras

Purifying the ChakrasWelcome to the gift of your spirit, the zest for life, a nurturing energy that purifies the heart, opens your throat, your speaking and creativity, your intuition, your wisdom, your passion for love, and a center to ground you to your truth once again.  When one’s chakras are clouded, mucky, and stuck, so too is ones life, their heart and their spirit and the energy that brings ones journey to feel nurtured, loved, fulfilling and supportive of their true calling; their passion and drive and the very source of what makes life worth living.

I love how spirit reminds me of the importance to be pure, and when I am not, life shows up as the same. As I purify myself, and my energy is thriving, so too is all life around me. Each chakra has a significant importance to a very specific area of your life, your energy, your bodies flow, the emotional nature you are made up of, and the very core thing that drives you to be as natural and authentic as you!

There are many books on the chakras, and many teachers who bring wisdom of insight on the chakras. However, I like to remind those with interest, the importance and relevance the chakras have on every single aspect of our lives, and how all parts of our lives are impacted by the level of clarity our chakras exist in. You may find knowledge on the chakras through yoga, or chi gung, or reiki, taoism, chinese medicine, ayurveda, massage, different religions, books on meditation, health, psychology, and many others.  However, not one will be more right than the other. They all have wisdom and they all have truth.

“To be pure is to be you, and to be you is the greatest gift life has to offer!”

When we are clouded, we are letting life control us. When we take the time to become clear, and pure, we bring a freshness to life that offers a new set of eyes each and every time we cleanse ourselves to our wholeness again! Choose to be clear, and you choose to be you! I will choose me over and over again! I hope you too, choose your true self every time!

The root chakra, anchors you to the earth, helps one feel secure, connected to their bodies and the world around them.

The second or sacral chakra is ones center of creativity, their relationship portal and the openness or closeness one has to be intimate with others.

The third or solar plexus, is ones control and power center, and the area one allows to be controlled by others or to choose to take control of ones life in their own hands.

The heart or 4th chakra, the area of giving and receiving love, the most basic human need, and yet often the one many block or resist out of fear, sadness or worry.

The 5th or throat chakra, the area of ones speaking their voice, their truth, to be heard what is deep inside of them, and the place their creativity leaves the body.

The 6th or third eye center, where one can see the future, their intuition, inner wisdom, insight, ability to trust in the unknown, and receive spiritual guidance and messages.

The crown or 7th chakra, where one is connected to spirit, God, the infinite and the essence to all that is; where one feels the openness to their innocence and the sacredness to the divine.

I am grateful for another opportunity to be cleared, and a vehicle to open the door to wisdom, and a place for my creativity to be opened and anchored in the world! I hope you all have a chance to create clarity for yourselves and the support to allow the purity to unravel. If not, let us set the tone for another opportunity to grow! Feel free to call or email and ask for support as you need it!

As my beloved Sufi friend says, “People are medicine for the people!”

Many Blessings and love, light and sunshine!


Marble is a calcareous rock with a mid-range in its hardness, formed usually by fine grain crystals. This composition contributes to a mirror-like polish finish, which is exceptional in stone. Marbles are available in a vast array of colours, and the variety of colours is a result of impurities found in the marbles such as iron oxides, carbonaceous minerals, mica, chlorite or silicate. Generally the flexural strength, compressive strength, and abrasion resistance are lower than what is typically found in the granite group.

Marble Colours


John Salminen: Blurring the Lines

Battery Park (watercolor, 25×35)

My art career began with painting in an abstract style. I did this happily and successfully for many years, but I?d always been an admirer of
Lake and Wells III (mixed media, 11×15)

realistic paintings as well, and I suspected that the difference between the two wasn?t as great as many artists assumed. Then, in the 1980s, I began to add realistic works to my portfolio and discovered how well they worked together.

Broadway Flea Market (watercolor, 25×35)

To bridge the gap between the styles, I focus my attention on the fundamental artistic principles that make any painting successful. It may sound simple, but the only real difference between my representational and abstract work is that one contains recognizable subject matter and the other doesn?t. For realistic paintings I shoot photographs on location that represent different compositional choices, paying careful attention to strong design. The concept of staging is very important, and the scenes I like are filled with interesting detail. But once I start painting, I?m constantly altering the placement of objects, values, colors and shapes to strengthen the design.

Monterey (watercolor, 22×30)

My process for creating an abstract painting is similar, but with thumbnail sketches as the source. Often these quick sketches are inspired by actual scenes, and I design them through the placement of values and a center of interest. While an abstraction lacks a recognizable subject, the organization is just as important as it is in realistic paintings, and I stage it in the same manner, although the painting process is much more improvisational and open to surprises. In the end, however, whether I paint an abstract or a realistic piece the strength of the design is crucial to the power of the painting, and I?ll know I?ve been successful if the excitement I feel during its creation is transmitted to the viewer.

Catherine Anderson is a signature member of the National Watercolor Society, Watercolor West and the Rocky Mountain National Watermedia Society. Visit her Web site at

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Landscape2 1024x492 - Greywater
An orchard thriving on greywater.

What is greywater?

Greywater is gently-used water from bathtubs, showers and laundry that can be recaptured and used to water your garden. It typically accounts for 50-80% of a household’s waste stream. Plants love it, and it is perfectly legal in the state of California!

What are the economic advantages?

Saves Water and Money: our systems typically save a household 10,000 to 50,000 gallons per year. Some installations can pay for themselves within a few years.

Saves Your Septic System: if your house is on a septic tank, a greywater system is your best friend! Diverting water from showers, tubs and washing machines will reduce the load on your septic tank by 50-80%. This helps avoid problems such as dreaded tank overflows, and reduces the cost and frequency of maintenance. Give your septic tank a break with greywater!

Reduces Load on Sewer Systems: that means lower sewage fees for you, and less sewage going to to the ocean.

What are the practical advantages?

Some of these come with economic advantages (lowers your air conditioning and food costs), but we’re not going to split hairs:

Boosts Plant Growth: watch your garden come alive with abundant greywater! The sheer volume of water alone will make your plants thrive in the SoCal sun. Greywater also contains a wealth of micro-nutrients to further nourish your yard. One class of nutrients found in greywater is organic matter such as skin cells. Another is phosphorous, found in most soaps and commonly used as a fertilizer.

Boosts Crop Yields: for the reasons listed above, greywater will make your crops bear fruit like never before! And there is no need to worry about using “icky” greywater on food. Plants use

greywater system landscaping irrigation
Sustainable greywater garden.

Reduces Energy Footprint: recycling greywater replaces fresh water that the state pumps hundreds of miles from the Colorado or Sacramento rivers at a huge material and ecological cost.

certain elements found in greywater, such as phosphorous and nitrogen, after microbes in the soil have broken them down. Plants obtain these elements from manure in the same way. An apple tree fertilized by manure does not produce apples full of manure. By the same logic, crops grown on greywater do not contain “dirty” greywater. They contain components found in greywater that plants can absorb after microbes in the soil have broken them down.

Creates A Cool Micro-Climate: abundant greywater will create a permanent oasis around your home. The daily flow of water will keep your landscaping from become arid. It will also promote the rapid growth of shade trees, which lower temperatures by providing shade and through evapotranspiration, and have been found to lower airconditioning costs in detached houses by 20-30%. In addition, plant cover prevents the ground from absorbing too much heat. Many “sustainable” alternatives to lawns, such as gravel, pavement or turf, do exactly the opposite, absorbing the sun’s rays to create an oven effect.

What are the environmental advantages?

Greywater travels through aquifer
The path from “dirty” greywater to clean groundwater in your local aquifer.

Preserves Aquatic Ecosystems: ecosystems such as lakes, rivers and wetlands need water to survive. Reducing our water use is the only way to preserve these invaluable natural assets.

Replenishes Local Aquifers: greywater your plants do not absorb will slowly percolate through the ground, where layers of soil and microbes filter and purify it before it ends up in local aquifers. Healthy local aquifers feed deep-rooted trees, aquatic systems and other forms of life, helping provide a pleasant and hospitable local environment.

Heals the Bay: reducing your household waste stream means less sewage goes to the ocean. It also means that the phosphorous found in most soaps, which serves as a fertilizer for your plants, won’t end up in the ocean as well, where it causes harmful red tide algae blooms. This is especially important in large urban areas like Los Angeles, where millions of homes create massive volumes of sewage every day.

Types of greywater systems

Laundry to Landscape: this type of system uses your washing machine’s internal discharge pump to distribute water throughout the yard. A diverter valve behind the washing machine directs water to either the landscape (normal use) or to the sewer (if for example you are running a load with bleach). A standard washing machine pump provides enough pressure to run the water good distances horizontally and even slightly uphill.

Branched Drain: these systems rely on gravity to distribute water through a yard. A diverter valve in the crawl-space or basement re-routes greywater from one or more fixtures (showers, baths, and sinks) out to the yard. There, the systems splits into progressively smaller branches, irrigating up to 8 basins.

Pumped Systems: pumped systems use an external pump to distribute greywater throughout your garden. They have the potential to do everything that a traditional zoned, valved irrigation system can do. These systems can range from simple pumped branched-drain models, to more complex systems. We have experience incorporating a vast array of features, such as self-cleaning filters, rainwater sensors and automatic makeup water if not enough greywater is generated in a day. If desired, we can build these systems to supply drip irrigation lines, and even sprinklers. The sky (and your budget) is the limit!

Laundry to landscape greywater system
Laundry to landscape system.
branched drain greywater system diagram
Branched drain system.

Get your own system

Each project is unique, so we start with a phone call or email exchange to learn about your needs and discuss the best type of system for your situation. We are more than happy to talk about your options and find a system tailored to your needs. So… CLICK HERE TO GET STARTED RIGHT AWAY!

The Greywater Corps Guarantee

We stand by all of our installations by offering repair and maintenance services at any time. We aim to build relationships that last as long as our systems do!

Furthermore, we guarantee to meet the highest standards of work both outside and inside of your home. We are licensed contractors and architects with nearly a decade of experience building these systems. When we are done, everything will look the same except for your water bill. Our greywater systems are practically invisible except for the results: a thriving, beautiful, sustainable oasis!


Systems approach linking policy,
regulation, law, risk, costs and benefits

All activities involve some risk, some uncertainty in the outcome, the balance of costs and benefits. To achieve the purpose of an activity we have to regulate the activity's risks effectively, within the limits of our resources.

Breathing results in obvious benefits but risks infection with airborne diseases - there is risk, uncertainty of outcome, but the benefits outweigh the costs. When swimming underwater, the cost of breathing greatly increases altering the cost-benefit ratio so the costs now outweigh the benefits and we hold our breath. Breathing is regulated: it is freely expressed when reasonably safe but repressed when it risks too much harm. But regulations don't have to be black-or-white. Another regulatory option might be to use a snorkel or scuba gear, but both have their own costs and benefits which will depend in part on our purpose for swimming underwater. The snorkel may be good enough and the only cost-effective option for swimming underwater on holiday, for recreational purposes, but for commercial purposes scuba gear may be cost-effective.

Making decisions is like a journey. We start with a problem, A, and want to get to a solution, B. We need to be clear where we are and where we want to get to. Internally our purpose is to get from A to B. Externally our behaviour, our method of regulating our location, may take many different paths between A and B or even use different vehicles. This means people may share a common purpose but argue about the best route or best vehicle. But sometimes people arguing about the best route or vehicle come to realise that they really disagree about the purpose. In drugs policy clarifying the purpose is a crucial issue: is the purpose to reduce/eliminate all drug use or is it to reduce/eliminate all harmful drug use? Or is it in fact both, one rule for minorities and another for the majority? If its the latter then they are really disagreeing about the problem, seeing the drug problem as only concerning the minorities involved with drugs classified as illegal while alcohol and tobacco are an entirely separate problem.

Where do costs and benefits fit in? A simplistic view is that we start with costs, the problem, and that our regulatory method aims to turn them into benefits, the solution. But that is unrealistic. The problem is never all bad, it will have some benefits and the solution won't ever be all good, it will have costs. And the various alternate methods, the options for regulatory behaviour, will also have varying costs and benefits. And each will have some uncertainty attached. We also have to consider our resources - the method we chose must be cost-effective. Also a particular regulatory option will be a benefit to some people but a cost to others - it will have unequal impact.
Suddenly things have become very complex. Rather than set out to get all this relevant information it is easier simply to get all those affected by the decision involved in the decision making process. The decision can then evolve and emerge from discussion rather than be planned by expert decision makers.

So individuals, organisations and Government attempt to regulate their activities to maximise benefits while minimising costs, in the most efficient way. The Government is responsible for regulating the social system, a complex, developing system made of diverse and often conflicting groups. Individuals must regulate the complex developing system they are responsible for, themselves, made up of diverse and often conflicting motivations. No Government, organisation or individual knows how to do this - there is no reason they should - though many present their guesses as certain truth. Without knowledge Government's decision-making must rely on policy and individuals' decision-making must rely on attitudes.

The less decision-making depends on conscious objective information, the more it must depend on unconscious subjective attitudes. These unconscious attitudes are not consciously chosen but are adopted unconsciously from role models: parents, peers, employers, society. Humans are social animals and the natural default is that individuals imitate the behaviour of parents and 'the herd' unless there is reason to do otherwise. This is the low risk option: do what everyone around does. In contrast, human development - collectively and individually - has depended upon innovation and altering natural behaviour to alter the environment, a high-risk strategy. Had humans prohibited the use of fire because of the natural fear of harm we might still be in the caves. As humans develop, collectively and individually, they increasingly rely on information gained from experience of the group, consensus information, a step away from subjective experience toward objective evidence. Science and rational conscious decision-making aim to depend on consensus information that has been tested in novel situations to confirm that the information is correct. Such information then becomes knowledge.

Government's modernisation campaign:

The current government has introduced a programme of government modernisation aiming to rationalise Government policy and individual attitudes by encouraging decision-making to become more conscious, based more on objective evidence than on ideology. Decision-making is judgement. Judgement reached before evidence is obtained is literally prejudice - pre-judgement, judgement before evidence. All children in the UK are taught about conscious decision-making in the Personal, Social and Health Education curriculum (PSHE). The World Health Organisation supports conscious decision-making as a vital part of mental health in their Mental Health Guide to Problem Solving. The Government has reviewed the processes of making policy, regulations, risk assessments and the use of science in policy and is actively encouraging adoption of best practise.

Government's Policy Hub:
"From Opinion-Based Policy to Evidence-Based Policy:
Evidence-based policy has been defined as "the integration of experience, judgement and expertise with the best available external evidence from systematic research" (Davies, 19991). This involves a balance between professional judgement and expertise on the one hand and the use of valid, reliable and relevant research evidence on the other.
Gray (1997) has suggested that evidence-based policy and practice involves a shift away from opinion-based decision making to evidence-decision making.

Evidence-based decision making draws heavily upon the findings of scientific research (including social scientific research) that has been gathered and critically appraised according to explicit and sound principles of scientific inquiry. The opinions and judgements of experts that are based upon up-to-date scientific research clearly constitute high quality valid and reliable evidence. Those opinions that are not based upon such scientific evidence, but are unsubstantiated, subjective and opinionated viewpoints do not constitute high quality, valid and reliable evidence".

However the Government has found immense resistance among Government Departments to change. They describe an 'organisational culture' that is risk-averse. Departments may do what they do simply because they have always done that. There is also a 'blame' culture. In short Departments, like individuals, are dependent on unconscious habits, fail to learn from experience and tend to blame others for problems. Blame is a strong indicator of unconscious decision making: all responsibility is placed on one group or individual, contrary to evidence.

Government also seeks social inclusion and integration. This would encourage the full diverse range of organisations and individuals to participate in policy-making and implementation, the co-production of policy and co-responsibility for implementation. This aims to remove the 'us-and-them' division between public and Government, the powerless and the powerful, and so reduce conflict. Public involvement is then a key aim of the Government's modernisation programme.

See our summary attempting to integrate Government decision-making principles with their practical guidance.

Law and legal decision making:

Unlike the top-down, designed approach of the Government's modernisation campaign, the legal system has evolved from the bottom-up, from citizens demanding justice from the state. Naturally enough the courts agree that governments' legal decisions should be within the limits of the law made by Parliament and for the purposes defined by law. But the courts have established that that it not sufficient. In addition decisions must be rational and must follow fair procedures.
Rationality and fairness are two of the qualities that make potentially conscious humans different from unconscious animals. These qualities are emerging as humans evolve. The psychologist Carl Jung suggested that conscious humans develop two information processing functions that unconscious humans and animals lack: intellect, for analysing objective logical relationships (e.g. "is it true?"), and feeling, for analysing subjective values (e.g. "is it good?"). These appear equivalent to the legal concepts of rationality and fairness.

Further information:

More on legal decision-making at

More on Government decision-making.

The systems approach, or 'systems thinking', is the basis of the Government's modernisation programme. For a friendly introduction to the scientific background of the systems approach - seeing the bigger picture - see The Macroscope - a new world scientific system.


RIT Dubai students win the University “Drones for Good” competition

RIT Dubai team "Badayer Connect" won the 1st prize in the Drones for Good University Challenge: Providing temporary Wifi in Al Badayer desert held by the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Center. The competition took Place at the Mission Space Exhibition in the Burj Park. The aim of the project was to design a UAV that provides temporary wifi to winter campers in Al Badayer Desert for the duration of their stay without causing any disturbance.

The UAE Drones for Good Award is dedicated to transforming the innovative technologies behind civilian drones into practical, realisable solutions for improving people’s lives today.

This Award is designed to offer the people of the world an opportunity to really make a difference.

The students involved in this competition were Usama Shah (ME), Varsha Behrunani (EE), Hazel Gamboa (EE), Sadiya Siddique (EE) and Elham Bepary (EE) and they won a reward of AED 7,000. They were mentored by Dr. Muhieddin Amer, Dr. Boutheina Tlili, Dr. Gurdal Ertek and Mr. Khalil Darwish.

Their winning idea was the fuel powered UAV which carries an antenna to provide satellite internet to the user. The students designed a system in which the user’s location would be read directly by the GPS module and sent to the UAV’s autopilot. They also developed a drone rotation system which would ensure the availability of Wifi for as long as required.

Other universities that participated in this category include Khalifa University, Petroleum Institute, BITS Dubai, Emirates Aviation College and Ajman University.


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The Use Case Approach
Massimo Marino - LBNL/ICS
Today we see use cases, a concept first formalized by Ivar Jacobson in the 1987 OOPSLA conference [ACM, 1987], [Jacobson, 1987], being incorporated into several object-oriented methods, e.g., Objectory [Jacobson et al., 1992], Fusion [Coleman et al., 1994], the Booch method [Booch, 1994], the so called Unified Method [Booch and Rumbaugh, 1995], Syntropy [Cook and Daniels, 1994], and many others.

Use cases, or mechanisms in Booch, are a way to express the objectives of the software system. In [Jacobson et al., 1995] use cases are defined as "... a sequence of transactions in a system whose task is to yield a measurable value...".

We like to define use cases as the behavioral chunks of the system to be.

A valid approach is to examine system requirements with the intention to identify candidate objects and establish interactions and interrelationships among them. In the context of such an approach, we adopt use cases as a conceptual description of the requirements.

We identify three primary motivations for use case creation:

  • gaining an understanding of the problem
  • capturing an understanding of the proposed solution
  • identifying candidate objects
Each use case is a description of the system in terms of how the user will see it, and in terms of the delivered measurable values to the user [Jacobson, 1992], as well as a system mechanism, "a structure whereby objects collaborate to provide some behavior that satisfy a requirement of the problem" [Booch, 1994].

Use cases, as they are most commonly described and used, are rather functional in nature. This, by itself, is not really a problem. Many software practitioners have a good deal of experience in functional decomposition approaches to system building. Use cases present them with an opportunity to continue their functional view of software development. However, we must be careful: use cases, and in this respect they substantially differ from functions, are not to be treated in isolation. In the ultimate end, they describe one of the possible object collaborations within the system. In most cases the same object participates in several use cases. That is, to have a chance of accurately design any given object, we have to account for all its appearances in the invented use cases.

While functions can be treated and developed in isolation by different teams, and then integrated- the (in)famous big bang integration of traditional development techniques -, use cases must be seen and managed in their globality. In this respect we are less prone to this functional creepism with an architecture-driven process [Booch, 1996]:

  • Specify the system's desired behavior through a collection of scenarios
  • Create, then validate, an architecture that exploits the common patterns found in these scenarios
  • Evolve that architecture, making mid-course corrections as necessary to adapt to new requirements as they are uncovered
Booch refers to these activities as the analysis, design and evolution of the object-oriented life cycle. The key point here, easily missed, is the "common patterns". The architecture, or set of categories of related classes, is the one that supports the entire set of explicited use cases, and the others to arise in the future.

A sure recipe for failure from the OO point of view is:

  1. Determine the main (highest level of detail) functional capabilities of the system to be
  2. Write a high-level use case for each high-level functional capability.
  3. Assign each high-level use case to a separate team for further elaboration (partitioning the tasks)
  4. Eventually, based on progressively more detail being added to the use cases, each team would implement their particular partition of the system.
  5. Integrate the efforts of each team into the final product.
This procedure suffers from a functional decomposition "front end" and an object-oriented "back end", from missing the system architecture, and from a delayed integration. We end up with a lot of duplication of effort due to the lack of a dedicated activity to identify those objects that are common to two or more partitions, and with scattered parts of many same objects across more than one functional partition. It is easy to find each part of the system having a different implementation of the same object: this results in a significant amount of re-design and re-coding.

We should avoid the temptation to use this functional view of the system as a basis for the creation of an object-oriented architecture for that same system. Objects and functions do not map directly to each other, and the architecture of an object-oriented system is significantly different from the architecture of a functionally decomposed system. Recall the primary motivations for use case creation mentioned before, and that all the foreseen use cases contribute, in parallel, to the invention of the supporting architecture.

    Object Interaction Diagrams

In many notations use cases are represented by interaction diagrams, schematically shown in the figure, where the sequence of message flows progresses over the objects participating in the use case. In the diagram time flows from top to bottom and the event passing is supposed to take no time.

In [Jacobson et al., 1992] interaction diagrams are said to make evident the decentralization of the responsibility in the object collaboration. The following pictures clearly show the extreme structures of the use case: the so called fork diagram and stair diagram.

    Fork diagram

A fork diagram arises in the presence of a central control. Pathological combinations of functional architectures and object-oriented ones are often encouraged by some of today's most popular methods, e.g., Objectory's so called "control objects", Booch's "manager objects", Meyer's "command objects" [Meyer,1988], and the countless examples of classes that encapsulate functions only, i.e., the "stateless classes". The controller carries great responsibility and often becomes more and more complex during the software life cycle. The intelligence of this partition of the system is highly localized in the controller who also requires a lot of visibility: it has to know the presence of many other objects that alone are not able of 'intelligent' behavior. Indeed the resemblance with a main function and the related subroutines is striking.

If most of the system diagrams look like fork diagram, as in this extreme case, an alarm bell should ring.
This is especially true if the "called" objects (again the resemblance with subroutines...) are visible to the whole system, perform only under external control, and lack of mutual collaborations. Most probably the designers disguised data and/or function repositories or were just rewriting a functional/data architecture, maybe a legacy FORTRAN solution to their problem.

The fork diagram is absolutely valid if the use case describes the behavior of a composite object. In this case the composite delegates its mandates to the private components, and no other object will be responsible for those parts. The use case shows then one of the modus operandi of the composite object and constitutes a detailed description of its internal mechanisms.

Some claim that there is nothing wrong with fork diagrams: they make explicit the situation where the developing team keeps the door opened to changes in the order of the operations managed by controller objects. Personally we saw fork diagrams mainly coming out at the beginning of our OO activities and fading away with the experience. In general it is not easy to introduce changes in the system operations with controller-based use cases, and becomes hard if the controlled objects are shared by many controllers. On the other hand the sequence of the operations is under total control of the manager object, but we do not look into object-oriented techniques to achieve this, do we?

If they cannot be said to be a sure proof of bad design, fork diagrams certainly make it easier to develop functional structures and should be carefully validated and justified.

    Stair diagrams

The other extreme is represented by the stair diagram. It clearly shows the delegation of responsibility. Each object knows only few of the other participating objects and we have no 'Do This - Do That' controller. The use case initiator object role is limited to triggering the delegation cascade. Each object has its own task and knows which other object can help to fulfill it. Some subparts of these collaborations could easily find their place in other use cases as well and constitute collaboration chunks to achieve more complex behaviors. Here the responsibility is evenly distributed among the objects and there is no need of a distributed visibility of all participants.

The message here is not to avoid fork diagrams at all costs and strive for stair ones only. The important thing is to be able to recognize the structures, know what they do imply, and what they cost. In practice the structures are a mixture of the two extremes where some object has more "control" than other less independent objects. The lack of a controller and the decentralization of responsibility is beneficial to the flexibility of the architecture, and the localisation of the information. It also allows to reuse some collaboration patterns of the system in different contexts.

[ACM, 1987] Association for Computing Machinery, OOPSLA'87 Conference Proceedings, special issue of SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 22, No. 12, December

[Booch, 1994] G. Booch, "Object-Oriented Analysis and Design - With Applications", Second Edition, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, 1994.

[Booch, 1996] G. Booch, "Object Solutions - Managing the Object-Oriented Project", Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, California, 1996.

[Booch and Rumbaugh, 1995] G. Booch and J. Rumbaugh, "Unified Method: User Guide, Version 0.8", Rational Software Corporation, Santa Clara,
California, 1995.

[Coleman et al., 1994] D. Coleman, P. Arnold, S. Bodoff, C. Dollin, H. Gilchrist, F. Hayes, and P. Jeremaes, "Object-Oriented Development: The Fusion
Method", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1994.

[Cook and Daniels, 1994] S. Cook and J. Daniels, "Designing Object Systems - Object Oriented Modelling With Syntropy", Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 1994.

[Jacobson, 1987] I. Jacobson, "Object-Oriented Development In an Industrial Environment", OOPSLA'87 Conference Proceedings, special issue of
SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 22, No. 12, December 1987, pp. 183-191.

[Jacobson et al., 1992] I. Jacobson, M. Christerson, P. Jonsson, and G. Övergaard, "Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven
Approach", Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1992.

[Jacobson et al., 1995] I. Jacobson, M. Ericsson, and A. Jacobson, "The Object Advantage: Business Process Reengineering With Object Technology",
Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1995.

[Meyer, 1988] B. Meyer, "Object-Oriented Software Construction", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1988.

[Meyers, 1992] S. Meyers, "Effective C++ - 50 Specific Ways to Improve your Programs and Designs", Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1992.

Massimo Marino


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Storm Trooper Inspired Poster - StarWars - Ornate Armor Helmet

Ornate Armor Helmet - From XLUSIV

Printed on Satin finish 80# cover stock - 220 GSM with 1.5 mill Gloss Lamination.

Shipped in a quality poster tube.

Developed by the Imperial Department of Military Research, stormtrooper armor was the standard issue armor of the Imperial Army's Stormtrooper Corps, and was manufactured on planets such as Gilvaanen.[4][3] It was introduced sometime after the conclusion of the Clone Wars, and was intended to replace the Phase II clone trooper armor. It was made up of 18 individual, overlapping plastoid composite plates and synth-leather boots which allowed for mobility, while also dispersing energy, protecting the wearer from glancing blaster bolts. A reinforced alloy plate ridge assisted the user's upper thigh, and a sniper position knee protector plate over a wearer's left knee helped improve accuracy when crouching. While most armor was fitted for humans, other forms were manufactured to fit other body types.[2] A soft click would inform the wearer of whether or not they had correctly attached the armor.[5] The armor was also resistant to projectile weapons and blast shrapnel. However, the plating made running difficult, and was vulnerable to hits at the non armored parts, even against arrows. The armor dissipated energy from blaster shots, leaving the trooper unconscious, and with burns on large areas of the body. If the trooper was shot on the shoulder, it was possible he still went down. This meant that the trooper could survive direct hits, and after a quick bath in bacta, he was ready for service again. The armor didn't protect against blunt weapons though, some hits to the head with a club, or with stones could lead to falling unconscious, or even death, because of brain trauma and damage.


A class of plant chemicals — known as bioflavonoids — has been found to dramatically reduce inflammation and improve symptoms associated with autoimmune disorders.

Both green and black tea contain the flavonoids catechins and theaflavins, which are beneficial in autoimmune disease.

Apples contain the flavonoid quercetin, which can reduce allergic reactions and decrease inflammation. Quercetin also occurs naturally in other foods, such as berries, red grapes, red onions, capers and black tea.

Carotenoids are a family of plant pigments that include beta-carotene. A lack of carotenoids in the diet is thought to promote inflammation. Good sources of carotenoids include apricots, carrots, pumpkin, sweet potato, spinach, kale, butternut squash and collard greens.

autoimmune and nutrition 2

Recent studies show that ginger reduces inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and suppresses the immune system’s production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reducing disease severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Omega-3 essential fatty acids can counter the formation of chemicals that cause inflammation. Good natural sources include flaxseed oil and salmon.

autoimmune and nutrition


Gabriel Perera

Co-Owner and Director of Strategy & Business Development of Lifestream International

Being stagnant feels like something Gabriel Perera has avoided his entire life. He’s spent years in the consumer health industry, travelling the region and building businesses.

What's your mantra?

As I grow older I’m learning more about balance. If a friend asks me out for a drink, I just go. There’s more stress in calorie-counting and debating the odds of that dessert and that’s just as harmful. Think of it as a bank account – you exercise and eat better so that you can have a cheat day that won’t be harmful.

A man is defined as much by his failures as his successes.

In a sense, because every time you fail, you fail forward. I think failure is a strong and emotionally-loaded word. If you think of it as learning, you take the sting out of it. So you either succeed, or you learn something. Both of those are wins.


By the University of Wisconsin and Babcock Institute

Dr. Sheila McGuirk, DVM takes us through the fresh cow pen to show how to determine which cows should be examined and how to identify the eight conditions that commonly occur in fresh cows. English and also dubbed in Spanish.

Walk-through the front and back, select cows for further examination. Walk-through behind the cows to record observations and select cows for further examination: taking rectal temperature, assessing rumen activity by placing a fist in the paralumbar fossa, observing manure consistency and appearance, observing discharge from the vulva, palpating for abnormalities in the udder, observing for abnormal cough, nasal or eye discharge, conducting a skin tent test to assess dehydration, conducting urine or milk ketone tests, taking a blood sample from the tail vein, conducting a CMT test, taking sterile milk cultures, taking fecal cultures, conducting a rectal exam to gently massage out uterine discharge for observation, practicing stethoscope examination for a characteristic "ping" to identify a displaced abomasum, and recording diagnosis and other pertinent information about the cow.

$ 25.00


For those of you who have read my blog before, this post may be a bit different from what you’re used to reading.

With events here in the last year and especially in the last few weeks alone, I have been constantly faced with asking myself, “why?”

So for that reason this post will be all about the question, “why?”

Why are we as a society continuing to downward spiral? Race, religion, sexual orientation–all of which are just expressions of human existence. Why do these aspects of everyday life separate us as a society and individuals.

We are all human, humans who may think, look, and feel differently but at the end of the day we are all one thing, human.

As a society some try and overlook all of the brutality and hurt others and ourselves are encountering but enough is enough. It’s time we as acting members of this world and just simply as human beings put a stop to this.

Now is not a time to be absent. It is time to be informed and educated. Especially on topics that deal with the well being of people. Topics that deal with everyday struggles. Not just those we face but struggles others face as well.

It’s time… we have to stand up and do anything and everything we can to help. Whatever way we can.

We have one life, why…why spend it any other way then being good to others? Respecting, understanding, and empathizing with those other than ourselves.

We all lead separate lives but it takes no effort to just be kind. So be kind people.


Of all the classical functions, the Gamma function still retains much of its mystery and intrigue, since Euler first spotted it as something "worthy of serious consideration". In Gamma, Julian Havil explores Gamma from its birth and in so doing simultaneously deals with many related functions, problems and issues that go beyond the conventional territory of functions alone.
The Code Book on CD-ROM, by author Simon Singh and designer Nick Mee, is the interactive version of the best-selling book of the same title. Singh has already shown in The Code Book and Fermat's Last Theorem that he is an excellent communicator, able to explain complex ideas without using obscure jargon. But while the main achievement of The Code Book is to make codes and ciphers intelligible to everybody, the CD goes further and allows you to become a code builder and code breaker yourself. You will find yourself first turning into a code builder, fearful of being cracked, and then into a dedicated code breaker, following tips on how to crack the ciphers.
It seems amazing that the universe could be characterised by a mere six numbers, yet, according to Astronomer Royal Martin Rees, this is the case. He makes an excellent case for the necessity of these numbers, though he does not show that they are the only numbers we need.
Early in our mathematical careers, we are introduced to prime numbers. These special integers, which possess no divisors other than themselves and 1, are the building blocks for all the integers. Thus an understanding of the properties of primes, including where to find them, is an essential part of number theory, and any serious discussion of prime numbers will inevitably lead to what is arguably mathematics' greatest unsolved problem: The Riemann Hypothesis.
Bill Bryson - he's a travel writer isn't he? He goes places and writes about them, tells amusing anecdotes about things he sees and people he meets, making his readers laugh at the same time as teaching them something about the places he visits?
Many people, when they look back, can pinpoint the precise moment when their interest in mathematics was awakened - it was when they found a puzzle that intrigued them. Perhaps they now realise the puzzle was trivial or insignificant, but at the time something about it captured their imagination and started them on a path that may have led very far - perhaps even into fundamental mathematical research.
The Four Colour Theorem - the statement that four colours suffice to fill in any map so that neighbouring countries are always coloured differently - has had a long and controversial history. It was first conjectured 150 years ago, and finally (and infamously) proved in 1976 with much of the work done by a computer. The published proof relied on checking 1432 special cases, which took more than 1,000 hours of computer time.
Geometric dissection is the mathematical art of cutting figures into pieces that can be rearranged to form other figures, preferably using as few pieces as possible. You may already have come across puzzles such as the Aviary Tangram, the pieces of which can be used to form an egg, a chicken and many other shapes; but the ingenuity of the dissections shown here may still be a revelation to you, as they were to this reviewer.


Flash of bronze

My eyes, too practical to be meaningful

Built by light-years of hard-fought wisdom

Decorated dishonorably with a web of wrinkles

Ignored by your genius, your solar flares of creation

The vapid gaze of my thick space bubble

Fuels escape into wormholes of defeat

Not self-defeat but soul-defeat from love

Lost in the impenetrable imploding future

Fleeting flash of bronze from my deep brown eyes

When the sun kisses my face, I remember:

Floating away on a feathery orb of skin on skin

Landing into the cloudy atmosphere of your arms

Your collapsing arms, your rapid disenchantment

With my rough hair, my tri-colored face with scars

With my naive generosity and silent respect

Your orbit never collided with my bronze eyes

You never felt the molten gold inside my chest

The massive sculptures of the galaxies, unseen

You didn’t wait for my moon to glow

A pure stream of bronze against the black light

For you, my eyes were too practical to be meaningful

My bronze too subtle to be loved

Looking within

Under the scope

there is no

no religion, cells are individuals

devoid of

pink and purple

purple and pink

they shine purity of thought

not heresy

they congregate….together

share molecules….together

no accent

no skin tones

just membranes

of equality, fluidity of form

i see them as they are

they see me with fear

i return

to my ignorant world

with one eye

looking within

“…dignity is something you must hold on to in life if any relationship is going to work at all.”

–  David Denby from The New Yorker

Maintaining dignity is difficult when human emotions are involved.  People can become nasty and revengeful, whether it be in romantic relationships or even relations amongst family members or friends. I tend to become angry and extremely distant when I hit rough patches in relationships.  It’s hard for me to keep calm around people who inherently disagree with my values.  Dignity seems elusive; yet, a little goes a long way!

I am a professional.

Robot of words, slave of many.

Courier, writer, dissector.

Professional waste.

Secretarial garbage.

I imitate. Never unique.

Dishearten, dehumanize.

Deceit lives in hearts.

It grows with fear.

Educated parrot.

Write, chirp, cut, dictate.

Days become blurred.

No spirit survives

In a professional world.

Transcendental Idealism

Do soul-mates exist?  If they do, one must believe in destiny.  If destiny truly exists, there must be a higher power at work in the universe, giving meaning and purpose to space and time.

Yet according to Kant’s theory of transcendental idealism, space and time are entirely subjective manifestations of our own intuition.  We only see what we perceive and may not know the actuality of what is out there.  If I do not recognize or perceive a soul-mate, he will not exist in my subjective world (although he may exist in the real world).  Kant’s theory has some truth: I only see what I want to in this complicated universe because reality is too vast for me to comprehend.  My impressions of places, people, and events form the basis of my understanding of the world and guide me to take appropriate actions.  Thus, my life is what I interpret it to be.  However, transcendental idealism imprisons us into our own flawed stone-walled minds and intuitions.  What if I consistently fail to sense the right partner due to the limitations of my mind?  Will I choose the wrong man as my “soul-mate”? It appears transcendental idealism and fate cannot coexist in regards to love…or can they?  For those who believe in destiny, making a soul-mate into an exercise of logic may seem ludicrous.  For me, it is a constant question and source of curiosity.

On one hand, I do believe in destined paths; for example, my idealistic thoughts on true love are:

I came alive when I met you,

My soul found its match in your truth.

Yet, I also believe in my own twisted perception of reality.  When forming connections, I try to befriend those who appear as “bosom friends” (aka a kindred spirits in the words of Lucy Maud Montgomery).  My sense of judgement is not perfect and on occasion I have misinterpreted a mean-spirited or selfish person as a bosom friend. Similarly in relationships, my subjective impression of men has clouded who they really are and yikes how many cloudy days I’ve experienced! So many cloudy days…

Ultimately, my idea of who my soul-mate is may differ from what fate intends, and this conundrum will never be solved in my mind.  All I can do is reflect on the unanswered questions.  Maybe I should stop caring all together, as destiny and perception will continue onwards regardless of how much I try.  Maybe I should

Let the future be unruly.

A Single Man

A Single Man (Film by Tom Ford)

This film unearths what we’re all feeling on the inside and presents it with simple beauty: loss of love hurts and the pain persists (sometimes indefinitely). The main character allows life to pour into in his day for the first time in a long time. That one day highlights his misery but also shows him that unexpected pleasures are vibrant enough to overcome the pain. He discovers warmth and happiness can be manufactured in a cold warehouse from simple materials: the soft fur of a dog’s head, the haunting green of a woman’s eyes, drunken laughter shared with a friend, and a refreshing dip into the moonlit ocean.

The subtle changes in colors during the film reflect my own mental shifts from pessimism to hope and vice versa. The film’s message is clear: put more effort into the recognition and creation of happiness instead of bathing in self-misery, but the translation to our lives is easier said than done. Colin Firth’s character is more than believable as his pain can be understood by all.

Tom Ford’s direction, design, and message are visually impeccable and crisp, contrasting with the dirty muddied emotions it releases from viewers, the emotions of self-defeat we are too afraid to speak of, that restrain us in a constant grip of fear and prevent us from experiencing moments of peace. Is happiness and the purpose of life just a never-ending circle studded by tiny packets of joy? If so, my whole approach to life is flawed. There is no need for romantic love if I can experience constant happiness from the love of friends, family, and strangers. There is no need for a career or money or fame or a child or anything at all.  “A Single Man” will open your eyes to new definitions of happiness, love, and self-fulfillment…and most importantly to the benefits of living in the present moment.

The extinction of curls

Disulfide bonds dissolve as black curls fade into grey waves

Orphan Annie ringlets replaced by the mess in between

Curl, dammit!

Give me one slinky curl, one steely ringlet!

The spunk is no longer tangible, the bounce utterly flattened

Crazy hair lady

Crazy hair, not crazy lady

Sticky goop lingers as does the frizz

Hair frayed and frazzled by life’s uncertainties

Kinks caught at strained angles, hot naked wires

Rudimentary bonds broken by lies of permanence

Curls are delicate, endangered beings

None of this in-between crap!

Save them forever

Seal them into a layer of petrified graves

The Iceberg by Zelda Fitzgerald

A short story by the young Zelda Fitzgerald was recently discovered in a long-lost high school literary journal from 1918. As a teenager, her understanding of the world was profound but also idealistic. Fitzgerald understood women needed a sense of purpose to be fulfilled and acknowledged that marriage may not be everyone’s cup of tea. The main character of the story, Cornelia, is a 30-year-old woman who is regarded as an utter failure for being unmarried. (Thank God I didn’t live in that time period!)

“Cornie’s a fine girl and good looking enough, but she’s got no magnetism.”

Ah, the overrated charm and magnetism. The bubbly personality that people are drawn to, not unlike the Apple store or food trucks. I never understood society’s obsession with charm, as it can be transient and covering the ugliness within. Despite her lack of magnetism, Cornelia knows she can succeed at things other than marriage so she follows her personal journey (becoming a stenographer) in striking contrast to the direction of her peers.

“Perhaps, after all, Cornelia was seeking self-expression.”

Unfortunately, the story takes a childish turn towards a Disney fairytale ending when Cornelia meets a widowed millionaire through work. He becomes smitten with her during a frenzied typing session and yada yada yada…they get married.

The story has true feminist potential but the punchline is ruined by saccharine irony. It was still a pleasure to read, if only to visit the mind of an 18-year-old girl in 1918.


TJ Hooper Case Analysis

Order Description

Using the materials from job 81790745 and final paper, Draft a 600 word response using the IRAC

case analysis and framework regarding rules of behavior in cyberspace to the TJ Hooper Cases

supplied. Reference this and supporting literature as appropriate. Avoid one-liners and two-liners

unless you can guarantee them to be substantive. Let your writing be professional; review them at

least once before posting.

IRAC analysis should outlined the IRAC framework and define key terms and concepts in cyber law.

Analyze and evaluate information security policies, practices, and procedures in order to assess,

in concert with their organizations’ legal advisors, potential legal liabilities that might flow

from implementing them. Evaluate the efficacy of policies, laws, regulations, guidelines, and

practices designed to mitigate the risk and to punish the misuse of on-line systems. Contribute to

the creation of policies and standard operating procedures for an organization that are legally

sound. Collaborate with experts in law and digital forensics to conduct investigations so that the

admissibility of evidence is preserved. Understand the legal issues associated with strategic

management and policy in the public sector.

-Be Concise, Specific, Stay on topic and address the question with synthesized thoughts
-Emphasis should focus on toward specifics of the question
-Integrate theory, research, and/or professional experience;
-Include specific examples and/or substantiating evidence; One or two are fine, avoid excessive

-Include in-text citations and references in APA 6th edition format; Do not use direct quotes.
-Sources:Scholarly and peer-reviewed journals, Expert sources, government sources, NO Text books,

-Demonstrate proper spelling, grammar, and scholarly tone


Afford Fordító- és Tolmácsiroda Kft.

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Several more or less different dialects exist. Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), the official language of Indonesia, also evolved from the Malay language, and is considered a dialect. Grammar and phonetics are fairly simple, it’s easy to learn, and so it was important in colonial times as an intermediary language.

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Safer Internet Day 2016

Safer Internet Day 2016

The children and staff of Hartley Primary Academy joined hundreds around the country supporting Safer Internet Day 2016. The day of positive action came as the UK Safer Internet Centre launched a new report, ‘Creating a Better Internet for All’, that highlights young people’s experiences of online empowerment and online hate.

This theme this year was to encourage children to think about how they play a part in making the internet a positive place, and consider what to do if they experience anything negative online. This highlights the issues and concerns that young people have when they’re online, primarily focusing on practical solutions and responding appropriately to negative content so that we can all ‘play our part for a better internet’.

Mr Goldsmith, Computing Coordinator and part of the E-Safety Team in Hartley, led an assembly explaining the importance of the internet and how we use it in everyday life. The children also discussed in the assembly how you can be SMART online and the dangers of the internet.

Throughout the day, children conducted whole class discussions and held activities related to appreciation of the internet and how each child can play their part in making the internet a better place. As a way to consolidate  their views, all children completed a love heart by filling it with thoughts and ideas on how they can make the internet a safer place, the reasons why they love the internet and what they access on internet. They then placed their heart on a huge display in a central location in the hall for all to see and share their thoughts.

Here are just a few of the children’s thoughts, ideas and reasons why the internet is a positive place:

‘I pledge to always say nice comments’

‘I love the internet because it is for everyone.’

‘I enjoy going on the internet because you can learn and have fun at the same time.’

‘Never post too much info about yourself.’

Overall, the children had an incredible day celebrating the internet and understanding that the children can have a positive impact on the digital world.


Monday, March 12, 2007

Joe Biden’s Iraq Town Hall

Days Until Bush Leaves Office = 679

And then a miracle occurred: the schedule held, and Joe Biden actually appeared at campaign events in Iowa! Quite a relief, since I was starting to feel that I was laboring under the political equivalent of the Curse of the Bambino.

There was one small change of plan, come to think of it. Instead of attending the Saturday morning breakfast event, I opted for a Friday night wine and cheese thing at the Des Moines Club: same candidate, same topic, but with better food and windows with a view.

Before I get to what Biden said, I just want to say that this was my kind of campaign event: issues-focused, before a serious-minded group (vis-à-vis throngs of onlookers flocking to see a celebrity sign autographs at a media shutter fest), and on a scale that does not require a rope line between attendees and the candidate. Not that there isn’t, nor should not be, room for huge rallies in political campaigns. It’s just nice that there’s also some space left for participatory events like this.

So on to the event itself. Would anyone be shocked that it started late? Like, an hour late? Me neither. This provided a nice opportunity to talk with some of the people in attendance, including Ann Schodde, executive director of the group U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy, who sponsored the event, and a nice guy named Ted who put up the money to get the group off the ground in the first place.

Finally, Biden arrived, and after brief introductions, began his remarks, which he delivered without notes. He started off by saying domestic issues predominate in most presidential campaigns, leaving foreign policy as a step child. Not so this cycle. This time around, for the first time in a long while, virtually every urgent issue facing the country has an international component to its solution. Biden repeated his stump line that this, and the debacles of the Bush administration, leave the next president virtually no room for error.

Biden next said that campaigns should be about not just character, but about issues as well. He spent most of his time discussing his Plan for Iraq, which he developed with Les Gelb, the Chairman Emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations. Biden emphasized that every candidate, both Democrat and Republican, agrees on two points about Iraq:
1) there is no military solution to the current situation
2) there must be a political solution between the factions

Beyond these two, Biden went on, there is a crucial third point, which he claimed he is the only candidate to have addressed, and that is: what then? What comes next? Not addressing this third point, simply pulling out US combat forces and leaving Iraq to its fate, Biden said, would subject the United States to negative consequences lasting a generation.

Biden continued that sectarian warfare throughout history has been settled in one of four ways:
 The first is to let the factions fight it out among themselves until one group achieves dominance over all others. Moral considerations aside, this is not an option in Iraq because the warring factions are not just national, unique to Iraq, but regional, overspreading Iraq’s borders into Turkey, Syria, Iran and Saudi Arabia. Thus, we risk a broader regional conflict, in which the United States would surely be required to intervene, if the Iraq civil war is not settled quickly.
 The second is to undertake imperial rule and foreign military occupation to suppress the violence. We’ve already seen that attempts to do this in Iraq have proven fruitless, not just for the United States, but for the British and other empires throughout history.
 The third is to install a dictator to crush factional violence and restore order through one-man rule. This is a non-starter, obviously, given that “regime change” was meant to get rid of that sort of thing in the first place.
 Finally, the fourth is multilateral diplomatic intervention to allow the warring factions to disengage and securely withdraw into their own regions, where they would control their own day-to-day affairs and have their own laws regarding internal issues such as taxes, marriages, property, law enforcement, etc. The central government in Baghdad would oversee national issues like oil exports, foreign policy and national defense. This arrangement would be backed up by an international force, including significant participation from the world’s most populous Muslim countries (Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Egypt), to maintain security between the regions and help secure Iraq’s borders. Biden characterized this approach as “federalism,” and said it was fully within the letter and intent of Iraq’s constitution.

The answer, according to Biden, is to work with the Iraqi government and factions on an internal settlement while conducting multilateral diplomacy to address issues concerning the entire region.

Biden concluded by stating that the future pillars of American foreign policy will need to be behavior change, rather than regime change, to address foreign governments with whom we have conflicts, and prevention, rather than preemption, to address future threats to American interests and security.

Biden spoke for about an hour, leaving time for but three questions. Biden’s best moment of the night came in response to the question, “How do we begin to convince the world that America has not permanently lost its way is now nothing other than corrupt, unethical and reckless?” Biden’s answer: simply stop being corrupt, unethical and reckless. Big applause for that.

No bumper sticker slogans here, as you see. Biden was professorial, authoritative, sophisticated in his appreciation of the nuances and complexities of the challenges awaiting the next president. If you’ve seen Joe Biden talk at all, either in person or on television, you may have noticed an interesting mannerism of his, that when considering what to say in extemporaneous remarks or in answering a question, he shifts his gaze away from the audience or cameras, to an unpopulated middle distance, where he seemingly checks in with his private self, as if making sure what he’s about to say passes muster with himself, both personally and professionally. Such inner consideration is fascinating to watch, and undoubtedly helps keep Biden honest with himself, as it were; but it has disadvantages as well, perhaps contributing to Biden’s reputation as a rambling and long-winded speaker.

So, did this event do any good for Joe Biden’s campaign for president? It didn’t hurt, but I don’t think he closed any sales at this event. It introduced Joe Biden to an involved, activist audience. There were no gaffes, no statements clearly made simply to pander to the audience of the moment (see John Edwards’ “I am not a politician” quote for a shining example), nothing that didn’t hang together logically or rhetorically. There were even one or two moments when, if you squinted and held your gaze just right, you could view Joe Biden as vaguely presidential.

But, as lucky as the Democratic party is to have such a foreign policy heavyweight in the race, Joe Biden has a long road ahead in grabbing attention away from the rock stars for long enough to get voters to listen to him. He also, unfortunately, carries some baggage from the circumstances that forced him from the race in 1988, as well as his January comments to the NY Observer about Barack Obama. Not insurmountable, probably, but he’ll have to work hard to clear those factors effectively enough to get his message across, and he’s got a tall enough hill to climb as it is.

On the plus side, Joe Biden has actually surpassed Barack Obama in one respect during this campaign: he wins my prize for requiring the shortest commute to a campaign event. Obama, the previous title holder in that category, recently hosted a town hall event at the Polk County Convention Center that required me to make only a quick stroll through the skywalk to attend; Biden’s Friday night event was even better, requiring nothing more than an elevator ride. On the minus side, however, the setting wasn’t really one for popping off photos, so no event pics this time around.

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Duterte cites Air Force "crucial role" to protect territory, retake Marawi from terrorists

［ 311 words｜2017.7.5｜英字 ］

President Rodrigo Duterte underscored on Tuesday the "crucial role" of the Philippine Air Force in preserving the nation and in efforts to retake Marawi City from the Islamic State-linked Maute Terror Group.

In a speech during the 70th anniversary of PAF in Clark Air Base, Duterte cited the PAF’s "intensified aerial reconnaissance missions and the maritime patrols" over the West Philippine Sea and the Benham Rise, saying they "are testament to our dedication to protect our waters from external threats."

PAF has also been tapped to augment internal security operations by providing air support to the ground forces and assisting the law enforcement agencies in the surveillance and intelligence gathering operations.

"Proving its capability on the ground, the Philippine Air Force has joined almost two thousand counter-insurgency and law enforcement operations, five of which contributing to our ongoing war against illegal drugs and loose firearms," Duterte said.

"The Philippine Air Force is also playing a crucial role in our efforts to retake Marawi City from the clutches of the ISIS-inspired terrorists," he added.

But 10 soldiers were killed and seven others were injured in military airstrikes supposedly targeting the terrorists in Marawi in late May.

Duterte said PAF deployed more than 40 of its air assets and more than 400 Air Force officers and personnel, and several are involved in ground operations.

When the government undertakes rehabilitation and reconstruction of Marawi, he said the Air Force will take an active role in the rebuilding of the city and uplifting the spirit of those affected by the conflict.

He promised to further modernize the PAF by procuring additional attack and combat utility vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles to complement its air assets.

Duterte only read the prepared speech, which was short compared to his previous speeches, because he did not want the soldiers to continue to be wet due to rain. Celerina Monte/DMS