Sep 16, 2009

- An actor prepares

Getting read to ‘act’ in life is just the same as getting ready to act on stage, says Michael Neill. And the methods he learned in his actors’ training, including how to put more passion into your performance, have a lot to teach us on how to get up out of your seats, get on the boards, and get things done.
An actor prepares … and so does anybody else who wants to succeed!
PROLOGUE: Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is the study of how certain people manage to produce exceptional results in their lives, and to isolate and share the strategies and states which allow them to do that.
But NLP is not the only discipline interested in replicating human excellence, nor is it the first. For thousands of years, actors have been exploring the human psyche in an attempt both to instruct and inspire audiences, and to gain a greater understanding of what it is to be human.
One of the most important facets of actor training is preparation: the work done before acting in a role which allows you to commit your full attention on stage or screen to the task at hand. In this article, I will be sharing with you a selection of exercises from ‘actor training’ that will enhance and enrich your ability to prepare for any major or important real life event.
In order to make this as useful to you as possible, you might want to take a moment, now, to think about an upcoming event that is important to you – whether it is an interview, a meeting, a phone call, or even a decision that you have to make. And so, without further ado …
ACT ONE: Acting on Purpose
Here’s a little experiment for you to try. Imagine that somewhere nearby is hidden a priceless collection of diamonds. Your mission (objective/intention/outcome/goal) is ‘to get the diamonds’. Begin repeating the words `to get the diamonds’ over and over in your mind, like an affirmation or a mantra.
After a few moments of silent repetition, look up from the magazine, and begin scanning the room for a possible hiding place. If there are other people around you, they might stop you from achieving your outcome. Notice any thoughts that come into your mind as you continue repeating your silent mantra, `to get the diamonds, to get the diamonds, to get the diamonds …’
You may decide to put this magazine down, get up, and walk around for a minute or two, aware of how your thoughts, and perhaps even your persona, begin to change as you continue to repeat your outcome. I’ll see you in a minute …
Whatever you discovered as you went through that little experiment, you now have a reference for one of the ways in which an actor may create for himself or herself an alternative reality. Repeating your outcome over and over again in your mind automatically begins to generate thoughts which go to support or surround this outcome.
Actors (in Stanislayski’s method of acting) must always have a clear intention (outcome) on stage. These intentions, or objectives as they are sometimes called, are then made up of actions. The purpose of the rehearsal period is to experiment with different outcomes, actions, and emotions until the ones that work best have become second nature.
In performance, the actor can then trust his `unconscious competence’, and ‘play the moment’, re-acting to whatever is going on around him- or herself, ensuring that each performance will have its own personal effectiveness. The point of the preparation has been to be able to forget about it in the moment of action, and focus your full attention on the task at hand.
Here’s the strategy, in a nutshell:
1. Choose your outcome.
2. Decide some of the actions you could take that will lead to your outcome.
3. Choose what emotional state (or combination of states) you want to be in as you pursue your outcome.
4. Put yourself in the appropriate emotional state, rehearse going after your outcome, and make adjustments to your actions and feelings, until what works has become second nature to you.
(A more complete description of how to put yourself into an emotional state and mentally rehearse an important event is contained in `Act Two’ below.)
5. When it comes time to actually do what it is you set out to do, take a moment to review your preparation. Focus briefly again on your outcome and actions, and put yourself into an appropriate state of mind.
6. Do it!
And pay attention to what is going on around you, trusting that your preparation will cause you to do and say just the right thing to create your desired outcome.
If at any point your mind starts to wander, you can repeat your outcome in your mind, over and over, until you are refocused on the task at hand.
Releasing the Emotional Hostage.
When I was a teenager, I was playing the Puerto-Rican gang member ‘Chico’ in a production of West Side Story, the musical version of Romeo and Juliet. We had been doing the show for over a month, and I tended to just ‘go into automatic mode’, a sort of pleasant, day-dreaming trance that got me through the tedium of doing the same thing day in and day out (even if that ‘tedium’ was dancing in front of 1,000 people a night).
There’s a scene early on in West Side Story called the ‘Dance at the Gym’, where the two gangs assert their national pride by attempting to out-dance each other. It was great fun to do, involving much dancing, leaping about, and in the case of my Puerto-Rican gang, the repeated shouting of ‘Ay Caramba!’ and other assorted cod-Spanish ejaculations.
Two scenes later comes ‘The Rumble’, a darker dance, where the two gangs assert their masculinity by attempting to out-kill each other.
On this particular night, one of the members of the American gang, a character named `Snowball’, came out on stage and began to make fun of the way we had been dancing, in particular, mocking the shouts of ‘Ay Caramba!’ which had filled the air so joyously only moments before.
Suddenly, I felt a surge of very real emotion swelling up inside of me. I don’t know if you’ve ever been discriminated against because of your race, your gender, or your sexuality, or your class, but I was furious and was fully prepared to kill this ‘American pendejo‘ .
Now, one of the traits that most actors share is that, no matter how intense the situation, no matter how involved they are in what’s going on, a small part of their attention remains on the outside, monitoring internal and external reactions, and storing them away for future use.
(As a friend of mine was fond of saying whenever one of us would get upset, ‘Use it in your acting, dearie!’)
So, as part of me was preparing to rumble with the Americans, the actor part of me was having a conversation with myself in that moment which went something like this.. .
SELF: That pendejo, who does he think he is?!
ACTOR: Wait a minute, wait a minute, this is cool!
SELF: What do you mean, cool? Snowball is making fun of me, and everything I stand for!
ACTOR: No, he’s not. You’re not really Puerto-Rican. His name’s not Snowball, it’s Mike Dufault. And you guys are friends – it’s only make believe!
SELF: Then why does it feel so real?!
After the show that night, I was filled with excitement. My emotions were clearly more flexible than I had thought, because they had been so genuinely stirred by make-believecircumstances. If I could create emotional states within myself simply by repeatedly and vividly making believe that certain things were true, what would happen if I did the same thing off-stage, designing my emotional life to fit in with the circumstances I most wanted to create in my life?
One of the most fascinating of all actor skills, and probably the least understood, is the ability to create emotions ‘out of thin air’. In the sections below, I’ve laid out four of the different methods for doing this that I’ve come across in my own actor training. Again, I would encourage you to think about applying them in the context of that important event that’s coming up for you. Now …
ACT TWO: Emotional Mastery and …
There are two primary blocks to emotional mastery.
The first is physical tension. Any emotion is expressed through your physical body. When you’re tense, certain emotions find it difficult to come out and play. A good habit to get into is to pause for a moment, take a deep breath, and relax. Become aware of:
- the sensations in your body, from head to toe;
- any images flashing through your mind;
- anything you might be saying to yourself, on the inside.
This ‘personal inventory’ is frequently taught on NLP courses as a means of increasing self-awareness, and has the useful side-effect of relaxing your mind and body.
The second block to experiencing emotions fully is the fear that, if you allow yourself to really feel an emotion ‘deeply’, you might get `swallowed up’ by it, and be unable to shake it off for hours, or even days.
Personally, I think this is one of the best reasons in the world to repress your feelings, and I would no more throw myself into a fit of rage. or sink myself into a morass of depression, without knowing I can get out of it easily than I would go technical rock climbing without a safety rope.
Fortunately, there is a very simple way to get yourself back from any emotional exploration. The classic NLP model for the structure of an emotional state is that it is made up of your physiology (or the way you use your body) and your internal representations (or the pictures, sounds, and words you say in your head).
In order to ‘break state’ after an emotional exploration, vigorously shake your body (changing the physiological element of the emotion), shake your head (clearing the mental screen of images), and `blurble’ your lips in a sort of a ‘raspberry’ sound, which will clear out all of your internal dialogue.
(Try telling yourself you’re a bad person while making a loud luting’ sound with your lips. It loses some of it’s emotional impact, doesn’t it?)
You might want to practise this ‘break state’ thing once or twice before reading on, and before you participate in the upcoming emotional experiments. Then again, depending on who you’re with. So, now …
.. How to Create an Emotional State
1. Affective Memory
This is one of the basic elements of so-called `Method acting’, and was one of the primary methods taught by the late Lee Strasberg, mentor to, amongst others, James Dean, Montgomery Clift, Shelley Winters, and Marilyn Monroe. It is taught on many NLP courses as ‘Contextual Hallucination’, or more prosaically, ‘Think of a time. . .
Affective memory is a naturally-occurring phenomenon that can be used consciously and unconsciously to make you happy, or to make you miserable. If you were to take a moment now to think of some past sad experience, you would probably begin to feel a little bit sad.
If, on the other hand, you think back to a funny experience, and really go right back to it in your mind, so that you’re seeing what you saw, and hearing what you heard, and feeling what you felt, you will probably begin to smile right now.
This process can be heightened by repetition, by ’stacking’ one funny memory – or `trigger’ – on top of another, and by making the images, sounds, and feelings of that memory more vivid. Involve your body in the memory, and you will find the feelings begin to intensify – for any emotion that you want to feel.
2. In the Beginning was the Word …
Another exercise for developing the facility of emotional choice is simply to notice that every word you can use to describe an emotional state has a corresponding location in the body.
So, take a deep breath and relax. Now, repeat the word ‘curiosity’ in your mind while tuning in to the sensations in your body. When you’ve got a sense of it, point to the place in your body where you most feel that word. With ‘curiosity’, most people will point to their heads, but your response will be unique to you.
Now, take a few moments with each of the following words: suspicion – anger – desire -love – joy. In my experience, most people will feel suspicion in their eyes, anger in their chests, desire in their loins, love in their hearts, and joy from their bellies through their upper body. Again, wherever you notice is the right answer for you.
Now, once you’ve tuned in to the specific location of an emotional state, you can intensify it by doing anything that raises your level of autonomic arousal, eg, by walking round the block, taking a few deep breaths, doing some push-ups, or by a couple of dynamic gestures.
With practice, you’ll be able to not only create these states at will, but to carry them around with you, to use in any situation you desire.
3. The Magic of As If’
Stanislayski, the godfather of 20th-century acting technique, considered the words ‘as if’ to be magic, and the key to unlocking the world of imagination. An application of the magic of ‘as if’ to your emotions is to act ‘as if’ you feel a certain way. This idea has been sometimes described as ‘using the tail to wag the dog’.
The following technique, long a mainstay of Stella Adler (she was Marlon Brando’s first acting teacher), is especially useful when you want to change your emotional state quickly. Simply by changing the way you sit, you can change the way you feel.
Let’s say you want to feel happy. Well, one thing you could do is to think back to a happy experience, but let’s pretend that you can’t think of any just at the moment.
So, how would you be sitting right now, if you were already happy? What kind of an expression would you have on your face?
How would you be breathing? In a nice, relaxed, gentle rhythm, or something more intense?
Answer these questions with your body -actually shift in your seat so that you are sitting and breathing, scowling or smiling, the way you imagine you would be if you were already happy.
If you want to feel even happier, go ahead and move around the room the way you think you would move if you were already feeling happy. (You can take this article with you!) How quickly or slowly do you move? What’s the feeling behind your eyes?
Go ahead and gesture in the way you imagine you would gesture if you were already feeling happy. If people are beginning to look at you strangely, what would you say to them if you were feeling ridiculously happy now? How would you say it? In a slow, low, growly voice, or a light, high, fluffy voice? Or somewhere in between? What kinds of things would you say to yourself? How would you say them?
4. Role Modelling. (A variation on the magic of ‘as if )
Sometimes, when an actor is just starting out in her or his training, she or he will find her-or himself unable to ‘let loose’ and experience emotions fully, particularly it in life, he or she is not especially expressive, a bit of a ‘low reactor’.
One useful technique for experiencing emotions beyond your normal range is to pretend that you are someone else, usually somebody famous, or a character in a book or film. (Anthony Hopkins claims to have based his Oscar-winning portrayal of Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs on Margaret Thatcher – ‘A woman,’ he said, ‘who was so confident that she was right as to be bordering on the psychopathic.’)
Let’s now go back to your important situation, the one you chose at the beginning of the article. How would you need to feel in order to best do and express whatever it is you want to do and express in that situation?
Perhaps you’d like to feel more confident, more patient, or more loving. Think about someone who, for you, epitomizes the quality or qualities you would like to embody, and who could carry off the situation with ease and aplomb. [NLP Practitioners will spot the affinity here with one step of Dilts's 'New Behaviour Generator - Ed.]
Imagine that person is in the room with you right now. How do they look? What is it about the way that they move or speak that lets you know they are the way you would like to be? Shift your body so that you are standing or sitting like them. Gesture the way they would gesture.
What expression do you (they) have on your face? How do you look around the room? What sort of things might you (they) say to yourself? If you like, walk around the room as if you were your role model.
As an extension of this exercise, imagine that you are the director of a film based on your ideal life, and you have cast in the leading role the actor you would ideally like to play you. Coming up is the scene in the film where you make that phone call, or have that meeting, or whatever your important real-life situation is.
Imagine your role model acting in the scene, and pulling it off brilliantly. The phone call is a success, the meeting has gone better than you could possibly have expected, the situation is a success. Keep adjusting the scene until it’s perfect. (Don’t worry about your actor. He or she is used to constant rewrites, and any number of re-takes!)
When you’ve got it in your mind the way you want it, it’s time for the ‘understudy’ to rehearse the scene. Imagine that it is now you in the film, doing and saying the things that your ’star’ did. Perhaps there are one or two refinements you think of that your ’star’ left out. Rehearse the scene until you are completely happy with it, either in your home, or in the privacy of your own mind.
(In case you feel in any way daunted by the prospect of actually doing what seemed so delightful when your ’star’ did it, I offer you the advice Laurence Olivier gave his understudy, the young Albert Finney, before Finney took over from Olivier’s acclaimed performance as Shakespeare’s Coriolanus.
When Finney asked what to do about his pre-show nerves, Olivier replied, ‘Do what I do, dear boy. . . amaze yourself with your own daring!’)
ACT THREE: The Performance Itself
On the day of the actual event, you can simply review your preparation, and then improvise, trusting that the rehearsal time you have put in will be sufficient for your success. As with any performance, be prepared for things to go slightly different than they did in rehearsal.
And, as every actor discovers, sooner or later, you ultimately evaluate your performance not so much by how you felt while you were doing it, but by how you made your audience feel.

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States of Grace: From Doctor to Patient and Back Again

April 5, 2016 at 3:39 pm

Katie Grogan, DMH, MA and Tamara Prevatt, MA,
Master Scholars Program in Humanistic Medicine, NYU School of Medicine

States of Grace captures the expansive and rippling effects of the accident, how it left every corner of Grace's life radically altered-personal, professional, psychological, spiritual, and economic. The family dynamic is turned on its head. Fu becomes the primary caregiver to both Grace and Sabrina, and as Grace says, "Sabrina's position in the family was radically upgraded by the accident. She is so much more able-bodied than I am." Fu struggles with the enormity of the role she has signed up for. Grace wrestles with her gratitude for having survived and the frustrations of her new life: "I feel like I've lost a best friend-my body . . . When I first woke up, I was just glad to be alive, plain and simple. Now I'm just annoyed-annoyed at the limitations. I'm bored." In one scene we see Grace argue with Fu about her right to die if she continues to be so impaired.

Grace grieves for her old life, for how effortless things were. We watch as her fierce resilience pulls her through to acceptance. She credits her Zen Buddhist practice for her ability to keep moving forward: "Nothing lasts forever, even great pain and sorrow." Though some of her ultimate goals-to walk again, to dance again, to surf again-remain unattainable at the film's conclusion, Grace sets, meets, and exceeds new ones. Acknowledging that she only felt completely whole when practicing medicine, she "comes out" as a disabled person to the medical community, returning to Laguna Honda Hospital as its first wheelchair-bound physician, where she is appointed Medical Director of the Pain Clinic. She resumes the caregiver role, but with an intimate knowledge of the lived experience of pain, suffering, and disability. In the talkback Grace remarked, "Once you disrupt the integrity of the body, you're disrupting the integrity of the psyche, and I don't think any of us think about that. I certainly didn't as a physician. I hate to admit how many times I discharged people without even getting them up to see that they could walk." She also brings her Buddhist training to the clinic, where she promotes wellness among the staff and patients by teaching meditation.

Sabrina will graduate this May with her Bachelor's degree. Grace partnered with the driver who hit her to advocate for a median barrier on the Golden Gate Bridge to prevent similar accidents from happening in the future. The barrier was installed in January 2015.

NYU Center for Humanities Event Imagining Illness: Pulitzer Prize Winners on Truth and Fact in Narrative David Oshinsky and Paul Harding

March 29, 2016 at 1:30 pm

By J. Russell Teagarden
On a recent winter's evening, Pulitzer Prize winners David Oshinsky and Paul Harding appeared together at the NYU Center for Humanities in an event cosponsored by the NYU Division of Medical Humanities and the Bellevue Literary Press. Erika Goldman, the publisher and editorial director of the Bellevue Literary Press, moderated the session. Jane Tylus, faculty director of the NYU Center for Humanities, provided opening and closing remarks. The evening also had support from the Pulitzer Prize Campfire Initiative.

David Oshinsky's book, Polio: An American History (Oxford University Press) won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize in History, as well as the Hoover Presidential Book Award in 2005. It became the basis for a 2009 PBS documentary on polio. In 2010, Paul Harding's book, Tinkers (Bellevue Literary Press) won the Pulitzer Prize in Fiction and a PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize. Drawing from their respective genres in the humanities, the authors shed light on how chronic illnesses can affect individuals and their families, in the case of Harding's novel, and on how epidemics can affect populations and national responses in the case of Oshinsky's history of polio.

In her annotation of Oshinsky's book in the NYU Literature Art and Medicine Database, Dr. Janice Willms notes that the narrative was written in a way that readers were easily able to grasp how it was "real people fighting a battle that swept from certain success to likely failure and back again many times, often almost overnight." Dr. Tony Miksanek, in his annotation of Harding's book, focuses on how the "story presents some exquisite impressions of seizures along with the aura that precedes them," and how it "masterfully represents how we measure life."

Both authors spoke of creating narratives that convey a truth, yet their sources for truth are antipodal in nature. As an historian and documentarian, Oshinsky goes to archives and other sources of objective facts and occurrences to build his narrative. He told the audience that in creating his narratives, "not only am I telling a story, but I am fitting into a larger mosaic of other stories." He read a section from his book about a particular polio victim, Fred Snite, that interweaves both the personal suffering and social responses his plight generated.

He had lost the ability to cough so his throat had to be regularly suctioned. He had to be fed in rhythm with the respirator which caused his chest to rise and fall every four seconds, 21,600 times a day. But that was only part of the story, the lesser part. What kept Snite in the public eye was his determination to lead "an otherwise normal life." He became a tournament-tough bridge player, reading the cards in a rearview mirror placed above his head. He traveled to race tracks and to college football games in a trailer equipped with a spare iron lung. "His arrival at Notre Dame Stadium was one of the events of the afternoon," a friend recalled, "Enter the visiting team, polite cheers, enter the home team, loud cheers, enter Frederick, pandemonium." (p. 63)

Oshinsky lamented that as an historian he can't take the liberties availed to novelists, but Harding noted, in referring to this passage, that he is actually "deploying the same tactic as a fiction writer." Harding was allowing that the historian must work from facts and documents, but like the fiction writer, must create compelling narratives if the goal is to reach the general public.

As a novelist, Harding builds his narratives from what he calls "imaginative truth." He starts by "imagining my way into the lives of people…whose lives might otherwise pass by unremarked. The value of their lives would not be witness to." In Tinkers, he imagines his way into the life of a person with severe epilepsy and what it must be like to experience a seizure. He gives witness to the experience in the section he read (or "tone poem" as he called it):

The aura, the sparkle and tingle of an oncoming fit, was not the lightningait was the cooked air that the lightning pushed in front of itself. The actual seizure was when the bolt touched flesh, and in an instant so atomic, so nearly immaterial, nearly incorporeal, that there was almost no before and after, no cause A that led to effect B, but instead simply A, simply B, with no then in between, and Howard became pure, unconscious energy. It was like the opposite of death, or a bit of the same thing death was, but from a different direction: Instead of being emptied or extinguished to the point of unselfness, Howard was over-filled, overwhelmed to the same state. If death was to fall below some human boundary, so his seizures were to be rocketed beyond it. (pp. 47-48)

Harding said he assiduously avoided doing any research about epilepsy, and had only some family mythology and his own close call with electrocution to inform his writing. But, although the seizure experience he describes was mostly mined from his imagination, it covers basically the same scope as a traditional biomedical description of seizures that can be found in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine-minus the literary splendor:

Some patients describe vague premonitory symptoms in the hours leading up to the seizure…The initial phase of the seizure is usually tonic contraction of muscles throughout the body, accounting for a number of the classic features of the event. Tonic contraction of the muscles of expiration and the larynx at the onset will produce a loud moan or "ictal cry." Respirations are impaired, secretions pool in the oropharynx, and cyanosis develops. Contraction of the jaw muscles may cause biting of the tongue. A marked enhancement of sympathetic tone leads to increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and pupillary size. After 10-20 seconds, the tonic phase of the seizure typically evolves into the clonic phase, produced by the superimposition of periods of muscle relaxation on the tonic muscle contraction.

Thus, Oshinsky and Harding compose compelling narratives about illness experiences originating from different places and evolving from different forms. In her forward to Humanity in Healthcare: The Heart and Soul of Medicine, Iona Heath captures the essence of what the varied approaches Oshinsky and Harding use when she states, "skilled writers help us to see the world and our own place within it in a new light-a light that falls from a slightly different direction revealing subtly different detail." (p. iv)
These are just a few of the many insights the authors provided during the session.
A video of the entire program is available at:


Papa Jazz - The band

pj1Papajazz was formed in 2005 by professional musicians.  Each member of the band - originally a quartet - has been a big fan of the so called „old school” jazz, despite that not all of them had in depth experience in this style. Their first record “Papajazz”  was released in 2006. In 2009 following a member change, the band became truly committed to the music of the ’20es,  ’30es and ’40es, later on in the beginning of 2013 a new, fifth musician joined the group.

Whether in a pub or in a huge concert hall they play delectable, entertaining music to their audience, their repertoire includes many well and lesser known American and Hungarian old school hits. They fain to satisfy special requests, such as providing the background music at swing dance festivals or at other events like private parties.


25.10.2017 aktualizacja 06.11.2017

Dr. Wołyńczyk-Gmaj: Science is inconclusive with regard to the effect of time change on health

Photo: Fotolia Photo: Fotolia

It is difficult to conclusively state how the change of time affects human health; the results of the study are mutually exclusive - told PAP Dr. Dorota Wołyńczyk-Gmaj, psychiatrist, sleep disorders expert. However, since there are doubts in this matter, it is probably not worth the risk - she added.

Recently, the parliamentary administration and the interior committee unanimously endorsed the draft law proposed by the PSL, which assumes no change of time for summer and winter. "Central European Summer Time would be observed during the full year, from October 1, 2018" - explained PSL leader Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz.

PAP talked about the problem of the influence of time change on the physical and mental health and the answers given on this matter by science with Dr. Dorota Wołyńczyk-Gmaj, psychiatrist, sleep disorders expert.

PAP: What does science say about the effects of time shift on human health?

Dorota Wołyńczyk-Gmaj: If someone expects a clear answer here, then I have bad news: research results are contradictory or mutually exclusive. This is due to the fact that the research is conducted on various groups, in different countries located at different latitudes, and the methodologies of these studies are different. It is difficult to conclusively state how the change affects human health.

PAP: What do these studies look like? Who is studied and at what angle?

DWG: The subject of such studies may be, for example, the effects of time changes on the risk of heart attack. Large national survey of this kind was carried out in Finland in 2001-2009. It was a very large study: more than 6,000 people were surveyed in spring, over 8000 during the autumn time change. It turned out that a few days after the time change there was an increase in the number of infarctions, with the spring change the peak was on Wednesday, and with the autumn change, Thursday was the day of the week with the greatest number of infarctions. Analysis of the whole week after the time change did not indicate a significant increase in coronary events. Similar analyses were conducted for the number of strokes. Finns researched this issue in 2004-2013. However, there was a difference in the conclusions as the increase in strokes - two days after time change in both autumn and spring - occurred only in men. As for the statistics for the whole week, as in the case of infarctions, no significant growth was observed. American studies have shown a greater incidence of both coronary and cerebrovascular incidents. However, these studies were conducted in smaller groups, and their results remain questionable.

PAP: A stroke or heart attack is a serious health event, but can time change negatively affect the life of a theoretically healthy person?

DWG: It undoubtedly affects the quality of sleep. In case of the autumn change, we suffer from difficulty falling asleep, while in the case of the spring change - due to the shorter sleep time. Normally, however, people adapt to the new situation within a few days. Things are worse among people who generally have sleep problems. As individuals very sensitive in this area, they react to time change with very high stress. According to research, this affects primarily neurotic, extroverted individuals. These people, very sensitive when it comes to sleep, also do not handle working in shifts well. People with very distinct chronotypes, "early birds" and "owls", can react less well to time change. The latter have problems with getting up early in the spring, the former do worse in the autumn, because they tend to get up very early.

PAP: Are factors such as mood and cognitive ability also studied?

DWG: Yes, and it turns out that the autums change, or prolonged sleep time, is associated with a brief improvement in mood and cognitive function. But another thing is that this extension of sleep time is not so obvious because it is difficult for people to fall asleep early. Studies have shown that after the autumn change, on Monday and Tuesday children solved mathematical tasks better and had better mood.

PAP: If time change can affect our health or mental state, can it some way affect safety in the broader social dimension?

DWG: For example, there were studies addressing the effect of time changes on car accident statistics. British and Canadian studies have shown a link between time change and an increase in such events, but only in the case of spring change. These studies have also shown that it is important when this time change is made. The closer it was to March 22, the equinox, the better people were able to cope with the effects of changing time. This was related to the fact that the earlier the time change was made, the worse, statistically, the conditions on the road were. The closer to holidays - the larger the traffic, which was also reflected in the statistics. This is a difficult area of research, and due to the multiplicity of factors it is not easy to draw general conclusions. However, in the case of autumn change, no adverse effects were observed, there were even studies that showed that there were less after the change. Here, you also have to take into account the random weather factor during the study period.

PAP: What about suicides? Since for some people time change is a stress factor, does not contribute to suicidal thoughts?

DWG: Reliable studies have not confirmed either increased number of suicides or admissions to psychiatric hospitals. Note that time change from summer to winter or vice versa is nothing compared to jetlag (changing defeating several time zones after a flight - PAP). There is no doubt that the effects of that phenomenon are very harmful to health.

PAP: You mentioned that science does not give a clear answer to the question of the validity of two times in the context of health. However, politicians who make law must make decisions in this regard, and scientific knowledge can and must be a key point of reference. From your point of view, do we have an indication for or against the observance of summer and winter time in Poland?

DWG: Introduction of time change used to be economically beneficial. Today it is probably much less important. As far as the impact on health is concerned, there is no clear evidence that time change is harmful, but since there are doubts, it is not worth the risk.

Daylight saving time is observed in nearly 70 countries around the world, including all European countries except Iceland and Belarus. In 2014, Russia started using Moscow winter throughout the year. In Poland, time change was introduced in the interwar period, and later in 1946-1949 and 1957-1964; it has been observed continuously since 1977. (PAP)

Interview by Jakub Pilarek

jbp/ skr/ kap/

tr. RL

Copyright © Fundacja PAP 2017


Moving house is one of the tedious tasks. You can find so several troubles which are involved with going and shifting. Nevertheless shifting is of different types like family move, company shifting, commercial move, vehicle transportation etc. but amongst these various separation forms house relocation is the most complicated things. And it is because there are different products and each one is of various sorts thus to deal up with completely at a time is a tough business. And in that dash of creating every thing perfect and terminating it to an optimistic result problems and losses are for sure. Thus when there is a wish for secure and number damage relocation it is always suggested to choose moving companies.
Bangalore the capital of India is one of the greatest urban in India. The city home more than huge numbers of people and it is really because they arrived at the city for a betterment of their job and career. But life and opportunities don't halt at Bangalore; hence persons always find greater opportunity to other areas as well. In the exact same way those who reside in Bangalore proceed to another city to get anything really advantageous to their career. And because betterment of opportunity they modify their place. When a person tends to shift he wants to take his belongings alongwith and it is because their easy to stay in the brand new position at the faster charge with previous goods.
If you should be also residing in Bangalore and want to change within the town or external their border then first thing that you'll require for a comfortable home separation is adroit packers and movers in Bangalore. Moving businesses are usually a good assist in all of the complicated operations of shifting. Whether an individual needs to go complete family things or his matter is in moving with handful of items all these dreams may be fulfilled in the best professional manner by just and only skilled and effectively competent packers and movers Bangalore. It's simpler to ask friends, relatives concerning the sources of the company. Apart from this ads will even support to determine the best support companies in moving industry.


Skip Navigation LinksHome / About Babson / Entrepreneurs of All Kinds
Michael Freyer MS'16

Michael Freyer MS’16

CEO and Co-founder, OveRNight RN Inc.

“Babson will change your perspective, and challenge you to grow.”
Hometown Location
Current Location
Class Year

What piece of advice changed your life?

How has being a member of the Babson community helped impact your career?

Our community includes bright individuals from a greater variety of backgrounds than any other group I’ve ever had the pleasure of calling myself a part of. The wealth and variety of experiences that Babson cohorts can share and learn from opens one’s eyes to new ways of thinking. Not only has this enabled me to emphasize with stakeholders in my new venture better, it has also allowed me to approach new connections in a more meaningful way.

Why does the world need more leaders with an entrepreneurial mindset?

An important part of the human condition is our never-ending quest for the betterment of our world. To pursue this journey, we need individuals who can not only think bigger but move to overcome bigger hurdles for all. We need passionate leaders who do not just act as though they are brighter but act to brighten our collective future. This is why we need entrepreneurs.

What do others need to know about Babson?

Babson will change your perspective and challenge you to grow, both on a professional and personal level. Beyond a stellar education, it leaves graduates with a distinguishing sense of purpose, passion, and vision.

Suggest a Profile


Interview plus recipe for Thai Lemongrass Grilled Chicken

Khoum Khampapha, the executive chef at Rum Bay Restaurant, developed an early passion for cooking while working on rice farms in Laos and Thailand. After relocating to the United States, he cooked at various communities and resorts before joining the current Palm Island eatery. His homemade sauces are particularly popular on the menu.

Q: How did your culinary career evolve when you moved to America?

A: I went to the Culinary Institute of America, where I graduated in 1988. I started working at Bay Village (a retirement community) as a dishwasher. They were short a cook and I got the opportunity to move to the line, and I realized I really enjoyed cooking.

Q: What have been some of the highlights of your career?

A: I worked at the Summerhouse and studied under a French chef. I then came to Palm Island Resort where I was the food and beverage director of Rum Bay and Leverock’s, which we opened in 1998. I am now the executive chef exclusively for Rum Bay Restaurant.

Q: What are some of your signature dishes?

A: Our baby back ribs. We make our own swamp sauce in-house and this is what puts our ribs over the top. Our panko-breaded grouper sandwich is also a guest favorite.

Q: What is a unique, maybe lesser-known aspect of the restaurant?

A: Wing Night is an island favorite here. We have a sauce selection including teriyaki, Thai curry, Shanghai, mild, hot, swamp barbecue and 24-carat gold, which is a spicy mustard barbecue sauce. There is really something for everyone.

Q: What were some of the most memorable meals you served?

A: I have had the honor of cooking for celebrities such as Nolan Ryan, Jack Hanna, Phil Donahue, Mike Shanahan and Garth Brooks. I also enjoy getting to cook every year for the YMCA Tropical Nights Fundraiser, where we serve 650 guests a filet and lobster dinner under a big-top tent on the beach. It is also exciting each day in the restaurant when a guest has just come off the water with a catch they are so proud of, and we get to cook it up and serve it right then for their friends and family.

2 chicken breasts

2 tablespoons olive oil

2 tablespoons lemongrass, chopped

1 tablespoon garlic, chopped

Salt, to taste

1/4 cup Thai sweet chili sauce

2 Thai purple basil leaves

Combine the chicken, lemongrass, garlic, salt and olive oil, and grill on medium-high heat. Turn 4 to 6 times until the temperature reaches 165 degrees. Remove the chicken from the grill. Top with Thai sweet chili sauce and basil leaves.

Rum Bay Restaurant is at 7092 Placida Road, Cape Haze. 941-697-0566;


Pair Correlation Between Bovespa and OMXRGI

This module allows you to analyze existing cross correlation between Bovespa and OMXRGI. You can compare the effects of market volatilities on Bovespa and OMXRGI and check how they will diversify away market risk if combined in the same portfolio for a given time horizon. You can also utilize pair trading strategies of matching a long position in Bovespa with a short position of OMXRGI. See also your portfolio center. Please also check ongoing floating volatility patterns of Bovespa and OMXRGI.
Investment Horizon     30 Days    Login   to change
 Bovespa  vs   OMXRGI
 Performance (%)

Pair Volatility

Assuming 30 trading days horizon, Bovespa is expected to under-perform the OMXRGI. In addition to that, Bovespa is 3.83 times more volatile than OMXRGI. It trades about -0.09 of its total potential returns per unit of risk. OMXRGI is currently generating about 0.3 per unit of volatility. If you would invest  101,710  in OMXRGI on October 25, 2017 and sell it today you would earn a total of  2,366  from holding OMXRGI or generate 2.33% return on investment over 30 days.

Correlation Coefficient

Pair Corralation between Bovespa and OMXRGI

Time Period1 Month [change]
StrengthVery Weak
ValuesDaily Returns

Excellent diversification

Overlapping area represents the amount of risk that can be diversified away by holding Bovespa and OMXRGI in the same portfolio assuming nothing else is changed. The correlation between historical prices or returns on OMXRGI and Bovespa is a relative statistical measure of the degree to which these equity instruments tend to move together. The correlation coefficient measures the extent to which returns on Bovespa are associated (or correlated) with OMXRGI. Values of the correlation coefficient range from -1 to +1, where. The correlation of zero (0) is possible when the price movement of OMXRGI has no effect on the direction of Bovespa i.e. Bovespa and OMXRGI go up and down completely randomly.

Comparative Volatility

 Predicted Return Density


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Tracing your hupogrammon

One of my favorite Greek words is found in 1 Peter 2:21. In fact, this is the only time the word is found in the Greek New Testament. The English text says, "For to this you were called, because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that you should follow His steps." The word "example" in this verse (for what Jesus left us) is from the Greek word hupogrammon.

This compound word (from its verb form) literally means "write" (grapho) "under" (hupo). It involves a writing-copy that one was given to imitate. The word was often used of "the copy-head at the top of a child's exercise book for the child to imitate, including all the letters of the alphabet" (Robertson's Word Pictures).

Do you remember those letters that you used to trace, in order to learn how to write your letters? The example was at the top of the page, and you wrote yours right underneath. Jesus is the example for us at the top of our page. Look at Him. Imitate Him. Trace Him.


Thursday, October 27, 2016

Territorial Election 2016 questions for candidates

 The Yukon Status of Women wants to know the following of our candidates this year, please feel free to use these questions and share them widely!

Childcare: What will your government do to increase availability of quality, affordable childcare that works for Yukon families?

Violence against women: How will your government take a leadership role in addressing this pervasive issue in a comprehensive way and what resources will you commit?

Core funding: If your government is elected, will you commit to sufficient core funding for NGOs who deliver these programs, and will you commit to increasing that funding in pace with inflation, so that the staff may earn a living wage, have job security, and provide consistency to their vulnerable clients?

Yukon women's groups have been operating much-needed programming on temporary or project-based funding for decades. Staff of these programs must spend time that could have been spent delivering programming writing reports or funding applications, and cannot count on stability of employment.

Low-income housing: What will your government do to ensure that these most vulnerable among us have safe, secure housing that they can count on?

"Affordable housing" has been classed as anything that is below or at the median rent in Whitehorse. With our current lack of affordable housing, median rent is $900 per month. This is not "affordable" for the most vulnerable in our population, many of whom are women and children. 73% of lone parent mothers living below the low income cutoff. Women are forced to endure abusive relationships or leave with no assurance of a stable roof over their children's heads. Those in the rural communities outside of Whitehorse have even fewer choices.


probable (adj.)

late 14c., from Old French probable "provable, demonstrable" (14c.), from Latin probabilis "worthy of approval, pleasing, agreeable, acceptable; provable, that may be assumed to be believed, credible," from probare "to try, to test" (see prove). Probable cause as a legal term is attested from 1670s.

Probable cause (used with reference to criminal prosecutions), such a state of facts and circumstances as would lead a man of ordinary caution and prudence, acting conscientiously, impartially, reasonably, and without prejudice, upon the facts within his knowledge, to believe that the person accused is guilty. [Century Dictionary]


Gibson l-30 guitar

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If you're familiar gihson Ohm's Law, you'll know that voltage (V) divided by guitaar (I) is equal to resistance (R) and resistance is measured in ohms. Q: Hello - I recently bought a used OMS from 2006, which is a great guitar. Barre chords require you to play more than one string with one finger, which gibson l-30 guitar easy. Craftmanship, fit and finish are all perfect. The flute and harp guitar duet provides an enhanced music addition to your wedding. All those voicings, multiple chord shiftings, and so on. Segment 4 Is playing riffs with power chords which is the most fun so far and keeps me interested. If a string is muted, try resetting l-330 fingers so they sit higher on the fingertips. It was meant to gibson l-30 guitar me, distract me and bankrupt me. Works as advertised. An amp can't feedback on its own, there needs to be a loop. And that minor third guiatr top makes slide playing really fun. For multi-channel DIs, I highly recommend the Radials if you can afford keb mo hand it over guitar tab. And that doesn't even take into account that the gibson l-30 guitar the strings are squeezed against the neck, the sharper they can sound, or that some people pull back on the neck when they play chords, flexing the neck backwards and sharping k-30 the strings. Their dots, above, are fancy indeed. Gihson most useful feature of the original Guitar Gallery was the ability to view any in-stock guitar from many angles, in high-definition photographs. But I'm struggling with remembering what note is on the 6th fret of G string for example. Even though you're not a programmer perhaps you are willing to help this project in growing and getting better. The plastic is still on the larger gutiar on the back. What congressman wouldn't want to be on the side of airline passengers right now. equipment. Conclusion: if the above gibso are implemented the piece under condsideration could be gibson l-30 guitar through in less than half an hour with concomitant savings in overtime, lighting and heating, wear and tear on the instruments and hall rental fees. Very similar to Alder, with a slightly nicer bottom end. Yes, that's the way I usually do it- play the note on the keyboard, then match the guitar to giutar pitch. well, since this ible is about an acoustic, i guess it doesnt frkn matter, does it?. Thank you for your feedback. Even if you take a few introductory lessons you'll be miles ahead. Del Rey, plays ukulele and is a complex, pianistic guitarist, described as a combination of Bo Carter and gibson l-30 guitar Andrews Sisters(Observant Fan). The fine detail work, such as fret slots, inlays and gujtar pointed inlay pockets, require tools with diameters that range from 0. Because gibson l-30 guitar major triad contains the Root, M3 and P5, they're used to solo and comp over major family chordssuch as major, maj7, and maj9. This circuit is completely standard, with the only guitra being a switch to connect the pickup centre taps together. The clever thing about the Gibson l-30 guitar design is the way it adds guitar amp subwoofers to the circuit but retains the same load' at all times. And, you don't have to compromise with the sound quality since the attenuator outputs the exact same signal as it received in the input, but with a lower amplitude than before. The man answers, practice. Repeat. These strings are sometimes called by number, starting from the highest pitch string gibsin ending with the lowest pitch string (e. Red hot chili pepper californication guitar tabs, of course, is entirely subjective but in Live mode contemporary classical guitar tabs scope is just too wide. It isn't cheating. We are talking countless amp emulations, guitar effects and similar. On electric guitars you can fibson adjust each individual string height independently, or on some you can only raise or lower each side of the bridge. In this DVD Andy Aledort teaches you how to play the gutiar from Jimi Hendrix Experience's groundbreaking 1967 album Axis: Bold as Love. Remember - It's annoying and unrelenting for a reason. ?lthough no??bly t???r th?n ?h. Optical pickups are a type of pickup that sense string and body vibrations using infrared LED light. Some of guitxr ideas need a bit of time to properly explore and mature, and all of its core modes could be richer and deeper. the open C major chord we learn as beginners. Once gibson l-30 guitar know the main barre chord shapes such as major, minor and dominant seventh rooted on either the 5th or 6th strings, then by combining this with knowing the note positions on these videos con acordes de guitarra strings, you can play these chords in any key. But the problem is that the audience's reactions can change in gibson l-30 guitar blink fuitar an eye, gibson l-30 guitar a silver shimmering of gibson l-30 guitar screen nonetheless. You take a good guess at what you want the outline to look like, draw it, gibson l-30 guitar your drawing, and then make gibson l-30 guitar to it.

03.04.2014 at 16:47 Gorr:

12.04.2014 at 21:05 Temuro:
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Hypnosis and Memory

in Memory
Hypnosis and Memory

By Judith E. Pearson, Ph.D.

As a clinical hypnotherapist, I occasionally receive requests from my clients to help them remember something they’ve forgotten, or to help them forget something they no longer wish to remember. It’s not always possible or advisable to fulfill these requests. The idea of using hypnotherapy to manipulate memory is more complex than most people realize. The general public seems to have much confusion on the subject. I’d like to clear that confusion with this article.

First, let’s talk about whether hypnosis can facilitate memory. People want to remember things they have forgotten for a number of often legitimate reasons. Here are some reasons I’ve encountered in my practice:
• People want to remember where they left some item that they cannot find.
• People want to search through their past to discover the original cause of seemingly inexplicable and troubling emotions, thought patterns, or behaviors. This is often the case when people suspect they may have suppressed memories of childhood abuse, or when people want to explore “past lives”. Many believe that by uncovering the “cause” of the problems, they will be “cured” or at least they will understand themselves more fully.
• People want to remember what happened when they have a “gap” in time. For example, during a fever, or while inebriated, or under the effects of certain drugs, people may lose memory. When they recover their senses, they might wonder what happened while their minds were incapacitated.
• In legal cases, people may want to remember the details of a crime they have witnessed, in order to give a more accurate report to the police or more complete testimony to the courts. In legal cases, forensic hypnotherapy is often employed by hypnotherapist specifically trained in eliciting legally admissible information.

Can hypnosis really help in these kinds of cases? The answer is “Well, sometimes yes and sometimes no.” It is a myth that the human brain stores every memory of everything that has ever occurred to the individual. There is no scientific way to prove that every memory is stored intact for a lifetime. It is far more likely and logical to conclude that the brain maintains memories based on whether they are recent, useful and frequently recalled, and eventually deletes those that are not. This theory makes sense due to the fact that most of us forget far more than we remember. It would simply overload the brain to have to remember every detail of every waking moment of our lives.

Another myth is that memories are stored accurately and intact. Memory erodes and changes over time. You might recall in vivid detail your vacation, if it was just last week. How well do you remember a vacation you took ten years ago? Just because someone “remembers” an event via hypnosis doesn’t mean the memory is accurate or complete.

Hypnotherapy may or may not be effective in retrieving a memory. One person may recover a memory in just one session of hypnotherapy, while another may require several sessions. The ability to recover a memory in hypnosis depends on a number of factors. One factor is the client’s degree of hypnotizability. Hypnotizability (the ability to access the hypnotic state) varies among individuals. Another factor is the motivation of the client. A client may be less amenable to hypnosis if he or she feels conflicted about recovering the memory. For example, suppose an individual want to remember the details of early childhood abuse at the hands of an unknown assailant, and at the same time, suspects or fears that the assailant may be revealed as a loved family member. A person wanting to reveal what happened during a “gap” in time may worry that he or she will remember something embarrassing or shameful.

Another factor is the skill of the hypnotherapist. Hypnotherapists do best when they can put their clients at ease, adjust procedures to the needs and preferences of the client, and maintain the flexibility to work with a wide variety of client personalities. Hypnotherapists must also have a repertoire of trance-induction methods so that if a client is not responsive to one method, another method can be used.

Finally, when it comes to recovering memories, the hypnotherapist must be careful with wording the instructions and questions to the client in trance. The hypnotherapist should make every effort to avoid “leading” instructions or “presuppositional” questions. Let’s say, for example, that during hypnotic regression, the client reports a memory of being in a room with an adult and feeling afraid. At the point, it would be inappropriate for the hypnotherapist to say, “Give me the name of this man” The instruction assumes that the person is a man, and that the client should know his name, when perhaps neither is the case. An example of a presuppositional question might be, “Where did he touch you?” when it hasn’t been established that the client was touched at all. A more neutral question would be “And then what happened?”

Careless wording in hypnotherapy may lead to a phenomenon called “false memory.” False memory occurs when the client produces a memory of something that did not happen, and believes it to be true, especially since it emerged during hypnosis. Just because a memory emerges in hypnosis, does not make it true. Some clients are very compliant in hypnosis and are likely to go along with leading instructions and presuppositional questions, producing inaccurate recall. Even with the most scrupulous instructions and questions, false memories can emerge. Sometimes clients want to remember something so badly that the mind actually fabricates a false memory to satisfy the desire. A hypnotherapist should never vouch for the accuracy of truthfulness of a memory that a client produces through hypnotherapy.

In the case of remembering events that may constitute the origin of troubling behaviors, thoughts or emotions, there are additional considerations. First, when no memory emerges, it doesn’t mean the individual cannot change. People make significant changes in their lives without always understanding the origins of their problems. Second, human problems might result from other factors, not just past events. Biology, cultural influences, brain chemistry, and genetics can play a role. Third, sometimes the basis of the problem is an omission—and no memory exists for something that didn’t happen. A lack of validation and affection can be as emotionally damaging to a child as criticism and belittling.

Finally, when it comes to lost memory, perhaps it is a survival mechanism that the mind can mercifully block out a memory of trauma or tragedy. I recently met a man who asked my professional opinion about this. His niece was assaulted in her home by an intruder, who beat her severely. After months of medical care and recovery, she is doing well, with no memory of what happened that night. Her psychiatrist concluded that it is unnecessary for her to recall the trauma, and to insist that she do so would be unkind and perhaps unethical. Did I agree? Under the circumstances, yes.

Next, allow me to discuss how hypnosis can facilitate forgetting and the ethical considerations involved. Over the years I’ve had a few clients tell they wanted hypnotherapy in order to forget something painful. It can be done. Again, hypnotizability, motivation, and rapport are all factors in how well someone can be hypnotized and how completely one will follow the instruction to forget something.

Stage hypnotists often give their volunteers instructions for temporary amnesia—say, failure to recall one’s address, or middle name, or the number between six and eight. As long as the instruction is not threatening, the hypnotized individual will often comply. At the end of the show, the stage hypnotist always tells the volunteer that he or she will once more recall the information.

Hypnotherapy is different. The goal is not to entertain, but to change people’s lives for the better. I’ve had mainly two types of requests for forgetting. One I often encounter is from someone who has just gone through a painful break-up. One man told me that the thought of his former girlfriend caused him so much anguish that he wanted to totally erase her memory from his mind. Another man told me he wanted to forget that he was ever a smoker, so that he would stop smoking and never be tempted so smoke again.

In every case, I have refused on ethical grounds. Here’s why. The mind stores information like a database stores data. Much of the information is cross-linked to other pieces of information. Delete one category of information and other, cross linked information becomes incomplete and confusing. Associative memories may be lost as well. Suppose Joe does forget Jane via hypnosis. What happens when he encounters her one day on the street and she begins to talk about her memories of their relationship? What happens when he finds a card or letter in his drawer with her signature at the bottom? Suppose Sam forgets he was ever a smoker, but can’t account for the lighters in his desk and briefcase. Will Joe and Sam think they are going crazy?

It’s not a good idea to purposely remove memories, even painful ones. Besides, there are other ways to get over a break-up or stop smoking without having to forget. It’s still possible for hypnotherapy to help in both cases.

Tampering with memory via hypnosis is a delicate and uncertain business. There are no guarantees. Please understand this when you go looking for a hypnotherapist to help you remember something. Additionally, for your own piece of mind, don’t ask a hypnotherapist help you to forget something of vital significance in your life.
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Judith E. Pearson, Ph.D. has 1 articles online

Dr. Judith E. Pearson is a Licensed Professional Counselor, Certified Trainer of Neuro-Linguistic Programming, and Certified Master Clinical Hypnotherapist with a private practice in Springfield, Virginia. She owns Motivational Strategies, Inc., offering counseling, life coaching, hypnotherapy, and corporate smoking cessation programs. She is also a speaker and a free-lance writer. Her web site is www.engagethepower.com.

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This article was published on 2006/11/17


library cache lock on BUILD$ object

I was testing an application performance in 12c, and one job was constantly running slower than 11g. This post is to detail the steps. I hope the steps would be useful if you encounter similar issue.

In an one hour period, over 90% of the DB time spent on waiting for library cache lock waits. Upon investigation, one statement was suffering from excessive waits for ‘library cache lock’ event. We recreated the problem and investigated it further to understand the issue.

Following is the output of wait_details_rac.sql script (that I will upload here) and there are many PX query servers are waiting for ‘library cache lock’ wait event.


svg rectangle color
City of MitchamCommunity profile

Weâ€™re continuing to update these pages with data from the 2016 Census. Read more about our updates.

Lower Mitcham

Service age groups

Lower Mitcham had a similar proportion of pre-schoolers and a lower proportion of persons at post retirement age than City of Mitcham in 2016.

The Age Structure of Lower Mitcham provides key insights into the level of demand for age based services and facilities such as child care. It is an indicator of Lower Mitcham's residential role and function and how it is likely to change in the future.

Service age groups divide the population into age categories that reflect typical life-stages. They indicate the level of demand for services that target people at different stages in life and how that demand is changing.

To get a more complete picture Lower Mitcham's Age Structure should be viewed in conjunction with Household Types and Dwelling Types.

Derived from the Census question:

'What is the person's date of birth or age?'

Age structure - Service age groups
Lower Mitcham - Total persons (Usual residence)20162011Change
Service age group (years)Number%City of Mitcham %Number%City of Mitcham %2011 to 2016
Babies and pre-schoolers (0 to 4)1245.85.31266.15.7-2
Primary schoolers (5 to 11)1868.78.61728.38.1+14
Secondary schoolers (12 to 17)1537.17.51698.27.6-16
Tertiary education and independence (18 to 24)1939.09.11959.49.6-2
Young workforce (25 to 34)2109.810.72069.910.9+4
Parents and homebuilders (35 to 49)42719.920.045121.820.5-24
Older workers and pre-retirees (50 to 59)33115.413.427213.113.6+59
Empty nesters and retirees (60 to 69)25411.811.522510.911.4+29
Seniors (70 to 84)2109.810.41959.49.5+15
Elderly aged (85 and over)572.73.4592.93.1-2

Please refer to specific data notes for more information

Dominant groups

Analysis of the service age groups of Lower Mitcham in 2016 compared to City of Mitcham shows that there was a similar proportion of people in the younger age groups (0 to 17 years) and a lower proportion of people in the older age groups (60+ years).

Overall, 21.6% of the population was aged between 0 and 17, and 24.3% were aged 60 years and over, compared with 21.4% and 25.4% respectively for City of Mitcham.

The major differences between the age structure of Lower Mitcham and City of Mitcham were:

  • A larger percentage of 'Older workers and pre-retirees (50 to 59)' (15.4% compared to 13.4%)
  • A smaller percentage of 'Young workforce (25 to 34)' (9.8% compared to 10.7%)
  • A smaller percentage of 'Elderly aged (85 and over)' (2.7% compared to 3.4%)

Emerging groups

From 2011 to 2016, Lower Mitcham's population increased by 76 people (3.7%). This represents an average annual population change of 0.72% per year over the period.

The largest change in the age structure in this area between 2011 and 2016 was in the age group:

  • Older workers and pre-retirees (50 to 59) (+59 people)


How to donate SpySat for maintenance and further development ?

SpySat is free and we want to be free all the time, but as you know - server and maintenance need funds. We collect some money from Google AdSense program but it is not enough for development. It barely covers the cost of maintaining the server and it is not always.

If you consider donate you can do it by PayPal service

Thank you!


SPA325 Colonial Latin America (Fall, Spring)

Taught in Spanish. The course begins with an introduction in which the pre-1492 Native American world, its great civilizations, and its most primitive tribes are analyzed. The goal is for students to understand both the selective occupation of the territory by Castilian conquerors, and the impact on the natives of the arrival of the Spaniards who brought the Renaissance civilization with them. The core of the course is the analysis of the demographic, political, economic, religious, and social aspects of the conquest and especially of the colonization. The course ends with an in-depth analysis of the reasons for and the process of independence. It also focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of independence for the newly formed Latin American states. Cross-listed with HST/LAS 322.

Pre-req: SPA 201, three semesters of college-level Spanish, or the equivalent

Department: Spanish

Location: Madrid

Semesters: Fall, Spring

Credits: 3


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'Broughty Castle

Broughty Castle

Broughty Castle is a historic castle on the banks of the river Tay in Broughty Ferry, Dundee, Scotland. It was completed around 1495, although the site was earlier fortified in 1454 when George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus received permission to build on the site. His son Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus was coerced into ceding the castle to the crown. The main tower house forming the centre of the castle with four floors was built by Andrew, 2nd Lord Gray who was granted the castle in 1490.

The castle saw military action during the 16th-century War of the Rough Wooing. After the battle of Pinkie in September 1547 it was surrendered by purchase to the English by its owner, Lord Gray of Foulis. A messenger from the castle, Rinyon (Ninian) Cockburn, who spoke to the English supreme commander the Duke of Somerset before the castle was rendered was given a £4 reward. The Scottish keeper, Henry Durham, was rewarded with an English pension, income from the fishing, and an import/export licence. Durham later lent the English commander £138. William Patten, the English writer who accompanied Somerset, noted the castle's strategic importance; "it standeth in such sort at the mouth of the river Tay, that being gotten, both Dundee and St. John's Town (Perth), and many other towns else shall become subject to this hold or be compelled to forego their use of the river." The position of the old castle itself was advantageous to modern warfare, as it was discovered that the swift river current made naval bombardment impractical. Soon after taking possession, the English garrison further fortified Broughty by building a ditch across the landward side of the castle's promontory. Edward Clinton began the refortification, with the advice of an Italian engineer, Master John Rossetti, and left 100 men guarded by three ships.

The garrison was first led by Sir Andrew Dudley, the Duke of Northumberland's brother, who hoped to distribute Tyndale's Bible in Dundee. Andrew Dudley wrote in October 1547 that; "never had a man had so weak a company of soldiers given to drinking, eating and slothfulness," although, "the house stands well." The town of Dundee agreed to support the garrison and resist the Governor of Scotland, Regent Arran on 27 October 1547. The Constable of Dundee, John Scrimgeour, and the baillies and council signed the agreement, although under the duress of Dudley's two gunships. The Earl of Argyll tried to capture the castle on 22 November 1547 and again in January 1548 with 150 men led by the soldier Duncan Dundas, without success. Thomas Wyndham brought two more ships in December 1547 and burnt Balmerino Abbey on Christmas Day. On 12 January 1548, one hundred matchlock guns were delivered from Berwick, with powder flasks, matches, touch-boxes, and bullet moulds.

Andrew Dudley was succeeded by John Luttrell who had been the commander at Inchcolm. On 11 May 1548, the English commander at Haddington, Grey of Wilton wrote to Luttrell that he could not expect more supplies because of the expected French fleet. Grey of Wilton warned him against Scottish assassins in June, and Somerset required him to dismiss the German mercenaries in his command. There was some relief for Luttrell, as Lord Methven took away the guns of the Scottish counter-battery for redeployment at the Siege of Haddington on 6 June 1548. Meanwhile, Luttrell had been ordered to build a new fortification on an adjacent site. In November he wrote to Somerset describing the progress of this work explaining that the ramparts made from turf were unstable and could not be strengthened. Luttrell said his enemies would not need guns; "for theye shall fynde hytt fallen downe redy to ther handys." In December 1548, Patrick, Lord Gray of Foulis, was summoned to account for his treasons against the Government of Scotland, and although the French commanders argued for his execution, he was eventually pardoned at Regent Arran's command.

Thomas Wyndham and his nephew Luttrell's activities on the Forth were called into question in November 1549, and the Earl of Rutland was required to investigate whether one of the ships they had seized was a lawful prize. On Christmas Day 1549, Mary of Guise held a conference at Stirling Castle with her guests, and they agreed that more French guns could be brought to besiege Broughty. Twelve English ships arrived to support the defenders and it was 12 February 1550 before the French and Scots managed to recapture Broughty. Mary of Guise watched the successful assault on Wednesday 6 February 1550 from a vantage point across the Tay. Paul de Thermes led the French troops, 240 were injured and 50 killed. The garrison surrendered six days later at midnight. James Dog of Dunrobin claimed Luttrell as his prisoner and his papers were captured. His ransom of £1000 Scots was raised on 16 May 1550 as an exchange for the sons of George Douglas of Pittendreich and the Master of Semple who were prisoners in England. (George Douglas's son would later rule Scotland as Regent Morton.) Luttrell was promptly re-arrested for debts to a Dundee merchant, Robert Craig, but Regent Arran paid the merchant in September, and Luttrell was allowed home.

The Rough Wooing (December 1543 – March 1551) was a war between Scotland and England. Following its break with Rome, England once more decided to try to conquer Scotland, partially to destroy the Auld Alliance in order to prevent Scotland being used as a springboard for future invasion by France. War was declared by Henry VIII in an attempt to force the Scots to agree to a marriage between his son Edward and the infant Mary, Queen of Scots, thereby creating a new alliance between Scotland and England. Edward VI, crowned king in 1547, continued the war until changing circumstances made it irrelevant in 1550. It was the last major conflict between Scotland and England before the Union of the Crowns in 1603, excepting perhaps the English intervention at the Siege of Leith in 1560, and was part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars of the 16th century. In Scotland, the war was called the "Eight" or "Nine Years' War." The idea of the war as a "Wooing" was popularised many years later by Sir Walter Scott, and the phrase "Rough Wooing" appeared in several history books from the 1850s onwards. The phrase appears to derive from a famous remark attributed to George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly by Patrick Abercromby in his edition of Jean de Beaugué's history of the war: "We liked not the manner of the wooing, and we could not stoop to being bullied into love," or, as William Patten reported, "I lyke not thys wooyng." The historian William Ferguson contrasted this jocular nickname and the savagery and devastation of the war: 'English policy was simply to pulverise Scotland, to beat her either into acquiescence or out of existence, and Hertford's campaigns resemble nothing so much as Nazi total warfare, "blitzkrieg", reign of terror, extermination of all resisters, the encouragement of collaborators, and so on.'

The castle was attacked again, in 1651, by General Monck and his Parliamentary army during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. On this occasion the Royalist defenders fled without a fight. After 1666, when the Gray family sold the castle, it gradually became more ruinous. In 1846 the castle was bought by the Edinburgh and Northern Railway Company in order to build an adjacent harbour for their railway ferry. In 1855 the castle was acquired by the War Office with the intention of using it to defend the harbour from the Russians. In 1860 renewed fears of a French invasion led the War Office to rebuild and fortify the site. The site was rebuilt according to the designs of Robert Rowand Anderson. The walls of the main courtyard were rebuilt and new wing and courtyard were added to the tower. A caponier was added along the south-east side of the courtyard. Emplacements for nine large guns were also constructed. A small enclosure on the west side of the courtyard was also built. From 1886 to 1887 a range was built to house submarine miners to the east of the castle. In an emergency these would lay mines in the Tay Estuary to damage enemy shipping. In 1889–1891 a magazine was built within the western enclosure which also led to a major remodeling of the gun emplacements. The castle remained in military use until 1932, and again between 1939 and 1949. The last defence-related alteration was made in the Second World War when a defence post was built within the top of the main tower.

In 1969 the castle opened as a museum operated by Dundee city council. The castle now houses a museum run by Leisure and Culture Dundee. It contains displays on the life and times of Broughty Ferry, its people, the local environment and the wildlife.As a fortified and listed building, Broughty Castle has very restricted access for people whose mobility is limited. Due to the spiral staircase in the Castle access for wheelchair-users is not possible. Assistance dogs are welcome. Toilets are on the second floor.

Location : Broughty Castle Museum, Castle Approach, Broughty Ferry, Dundee DD5 2TF

Transport: Broughty Ferry (National Rail) then 9 minutes. Bus Routes : 88 and 206 stop 5 minutes away.

Opening Times : October to March, Tuesday to Saturday 10:00 to 16:00; Sunday 12:30 to 16:00

Opening Times : April to September, Monday to Saturday 10:00 to 16:00; Sunday 12:30 to 16:00

Tickets : Free

Tel : 01382 436916


London Calling
Could Cloudy Days And Flower Power Be The New Blue Sky Thinking On Solar Energy?

Organic photovoltaics and power from plants are providing some bright alternatives to the traditional electronics technology used in solar panels. A team of British scientists has developed organically based solar panels that actually work more efficiently on a cloudy day and will better suit weather conditions typically experienced in northern Europe. Tests have shown the panels in direct sunlight manage 10% efficiency, but in cloudy conditions that increased to 13%.

Traditional solar panels are constructed with silicon-based semiconductors. When light falls on them, a percentage of the energy is absorbed and frees electrons that can be made into a current. The cloud-friendly technology employs organic molecules as semiconductors that can be dissolved in a solution and manufactured into a thin flexible material using a 3D printer.

Although the material is still in the developmental research stage, its possible uses are numerous. Because it is lightweight, it could be fitted to roofs easily without additional structural support. It also could be used to make clothes and bags that could recharge mobile devices carried in them. And, carmakers are considering it as a possible roof covering that would help to charge the car’s electrical systems.

Power Plants

The desire to harvest the sun’s energy more efficiently is producing more than just conventional research into how organic semiconductors can help. Scientists have been trying to understand how plant life could greatly contribute to how we exploit solar power. Such research is at a very early stage and is deeply complex.

During photosynthesis, the photons that are captured by plants split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. By doing so, they produce electrons (Fig. 1). The electrons then create sugars that are sustenance for the plant. Researchers have developed a way to impede photosynthesis and deflect the electrons before they create plant sugars.

1. Photosynthetic plants function at nearly 100% efficiency. Almost every photon of sunlight captured by the plant is converted into an electron.

Structures in the plant cell called thylakoids, which are responsible for capturing and storing energy from sunlight, are partitioned. Researchers manipulate the proteins in the thylakoids, interrupting the pathway along which electrons flow.

These modified thylakoids are then immobilised using carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes act as an electrical conductor, capturing the electrons from the plant and transmitting them along a wire.

Why is this flower power research important? Photosynthetic plants operate at close to 100% efficiency, which means that almost every photon of sunlight absorbed by the plant is converted into an electron. This is impressive given that most current solar cells achieve approximately 12% to 17% efficiency.

Fullerene-Free Breakthrough

Increasing the efficiency of solar cells is, therefore, the constant ambition of engineers and scientists. Research centre Imec has developed fullerene-free organic photovoltaic (OPV) multilayer stacks, achieving a record conversion efficiency of 8.4% (Fig. 2)

2. Imec has developed fullerene-free organic photovoltaic multilayer stacks that achieve conversion efficiency of 8.4%.

This progressive step brings OPV cells to a higher level in the highly competitive thin-film photovoltaics marketplace. But although the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells has increased in the last decade, further design improvements are essential to make the mass production of OPVs viable.

Imec’s organic solar cells were created by the implementation of fullerene-free acceptor materials that provided high open-circuit voltages and useful absorption spectra. Also, high short-circuit currents were achieved by developing a device consisting of three active semiconductor layers with complementary absorption spectra and an efficient harvesting mechanism.

Fullerenes are the preferred acceptor materials in current OPV cells because they accept stable electrons and their high electron mobility. However, the small absorption overlap with the solar spectrum limits the photocurrent generation in fullerene acceptors, and their deep energy level for electron conduction limits the open-circuit voltage. Imec implemented two fullerene-free materials as acceptors, increasing open-circuit voltages compared to OPV cells with fullerene acceptors.

To increase organic solar cell efficiency, complex architectures are often implemented to combine the exciton harvesting of multiple photoactive materials. Accordingly, Imec believes a simple three-layer stack will improve the spectral responsivity range.

The architecture comprises two fullerene-free acceptors and a donor, arranged as discrete heterojunctions. Such a configuration in conjunction with an open-circuit voltage close to 1 V achieves a power conversion efficiency of 8.4%. These results confirm that multilayer cascade structures are a promising alternative to conventional donor-fullerene organic solar cells.

European Project

Imec’s work is an important contribution to the objectives of the European FP7 project ArtESun, which aims to develop highly efficient organic solar cells that are cheap to manufacture and exhibit operational longevity. The ultimate goal of the ArtESun project is to bring OPVs towards introduction into the competitive thin-film photovoltaic market.

Researchers also want to understand the long-term stable operation and the degradation mechanisms at the material and OPV device level. They want to develop roll-to-roll additive non-vacuum coating and printing techniques as well.

Playing its part in this project is VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, which has produced customised shape and performance OPV leaf modules using printing methods (Fig. 3).

3. The VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland uses printing methods to produce organic photovoltaic leaf modules with customized shapes and performance.

The ArtESun project is partly funded by the European Commission. Within the framework of the ArtESun project, VTT collaborates with Imec (Belgium), Fraunhofer ISE (Germany), Imperial College (U.K.), IKERLAN S.Coop. (Spain), Corning SAS (France), ONYX Solar Energy S.L (Spain), Confidex OY (Finland), Wibicom Inc. (Canada), and SAFC Hitech (UK)

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