Toothless (Franchise)

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"I looked at him, and I saw myself."
―Hiccup describing his relationship with Toothless.[src]

Toothless is the name of Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III's dragon in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise and the deuteragonist. Unlike his book counterpart, Toothless is a Night Fury, arguably the rarest and most intelligent of dragon species. He is the quintessential dragon in the series, and remains unrivaled in intelligence. He is presumed to be the only living Night Fury, at least on Berk and the surrounding Isles.

Having initially been shot down by Hiccup during a dragon raid, Toothless was nursed back to flying condition and became the Viking's best friend through their interactions and adventures. Following How to Train Your Dragon 2, Toothless is now a Titan Wing Night Fury.

Toothless appears as a Night Fury in the film, the rarest, fastest and most intelligent species of Dragon there is. He is also the only known member of his species to date. He plays a similar role to his book counterpart.

Meeting Hiccup and Ending the Dragon War

"Huh, toothless. I could have sworn you had . . . teeth."
―Hiccup names the Night Fury he shot down
It is presumed that Toothless lived in the Dragons' Nest along with all the other dragons that would raid Berk and was hatched around 15 years before the events of the first film.
Toothless' eyes-1-

Toothless's stare

As the only Night Fury, he remains elusive, carrying out strategic and lethal strikes against the Vikings' weaponry rather than steal food like the others. Hiccup, needing some way to prove himself to the rest of Berk, successfully shoots Toothless down with his mangler cannon and sends him shrieking from the sky.

During the crash, Toothless loses his left tail-fin, leaving him forever crippled from natural flight. As Hiccup prepares to cut out the dragon's heart to take back to his father once he discovers him, he is shocked to see how frightened the mighty creature is.

Toothless roars at Hiccup, but spares his life.

Hiccup is unable to kill Toothless and instead begins to cut the ropes. Surprised that he is being set free, Toothless rears back, but instead of killing Hiccup simply roars loudly at him and then tries to fly lopsidedly out of sight. Toothless' sparing of Hiccup makes him realize that the idea dragons always go for the kill is wrong.

Despite having escaped from being killed, Toothless finds himself trapped in a cove, unable to fly and therefore unable to escape. Knowing the dragon is still alive, Hiccup discovers the cove and observes him attempting to catch fish and failing. Toothless hears Hiccup drop his pencil and stares at him, but remains passive. Hiccup later returns where Toothless is waiting on him. Though suspicious of the Viking, Toothless becomes relatively docile after Hiccup offers him fish.

Toothless tries to smile at Hiccup

After waking from a nap, Toothless notices Hiccup is still in the cove and curiously looks at the picture of himself that Hiccup is scratching out with a twig. Once again to Hiccup's utter astonishment, Toothless shows his intelligence by drawing a maze of squiggles and lines in an attempt to imitate the boy. Hiccup reaches forward to touch the dragon again and closes his eyes in an act of trust. Amazed by the boy's bravery, Toothless leans his head forward and touches his snout gently to Hiccup's hand.

Toothless and Hiccup bond

Hiccup, knowing that Toothless is doomed unless he is able to fly again, begins to work on a new prosthetic tail-fin for him. Their first attempt ends in failure when Toothless realizes that he needs Hiccup to operate it. Over countless test flights, Hiccup designs tail-fin after tail-fin, each attempt bringing the boy and dragon closer. In between these flight tests, Hiccup discovers more of Toothless's playful and curious nature and uses his new found knowledge to his advantage in Dragon Training.

Hiccup and Toothless after their first test drive

Because of this, Hiccup becomes remarkably popular, much to the annoyance of his fellow Viking Astrid. Now extremely close friends through their interactions, Hiccup and Toothless carry out their first proper test flight. Though temporarily running into a snag, the two snap into focus with one another and instinctively manage to carry out amazing mid-air maneuvers. The flight is a success and both Hiccup and Toothless are ecstatic.

When Hiccup unknowingly leads Astrid to the cove after she is bested in the final test, Toothless shows his protective side by assuming that she is a threat after hurting Hiccup. Only through Hiccup's words does he manage to calm down enough, though he is still wary of her. When Astrid threatens to tell the village of their friendship, Toothless abducts her and strands her in a tree to stop her. Even though Hiccup invites her to a flight to show Toothless is not dangerous, the Night Fury isn't convinced that Astrid can be trusted and pulls off daring moves to terrify her.

Toothless holds Astrid "hostage"

After she apologizes, Toothless follows Hiccup's words and smooths out his flight. He gives both Astrid and Hiccup a beautiful "dragon's eye view" of Berk and the beauty of the moment breaks Astrid's long held beliefs about dragons. Unfortunately, Toothless' ties to the other dragons show themselves when he diverts their flight into a huge flock that are carrying great amounts of food. Hiccup and Astrid soon find themselves inside the Dragons' Nest, discovering that the monstrous Red Death effectively holds the dragons hostage with their hauls. Toothless rockets out of the mountain with the Red Death tries to ensnare them in its jaws and the trio make a hasty retreat back to Berk.

Despite the Vikings' initial sense of victory, the Red Death suddenly bursts out of the Nest and Toothless' ship is set alight. Hiccup, along with the other Vikings on dragons of their own, arrive to save him until the Red Death breaks the ship apart. Hiccup dives into the water in a desperate attempt to free Toothless, but passes out from lack of air. To Toothless' shock, Stoick dives back into the water to break him free and the dragon brings the Viking up to the surface with him. With a roar of encouragement, Hiccup and Toothless team up to take down the Red Death.

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Hiccup and Toothless vs. The Red Death

The pair soon have the enormous dragon chasing them into the clouds, where the Red Death loses sight of them. As it blows fire everywhere in anger at having lost them, Toothless' prosthetic tail-fin catches fire, leaving them with little time to act. Toothless leads the Red Death to the ground and waits until the larger dragon is about to breath fire before firing one more plasma blast into its mouth. The enormous creature crashes into the ground in a fireball.

Though they try to escape the flames racing after them, Hiccup and Toothless are struck by the Red Death's tail, resulting in Hiccup getting knocked off from Toothless' back. Seeing his human friend falling to his fiery death, Toothless bravely dives into the exploding body of the Red Death to save him. To Stoick and Astrid's relief, Toothless is able to save Hiccup by wrapping him in his wings, though is unable to save Hiccup's left leg from damage.

The fin Gobber made for Toothless.

After returning home, Toothless is overjoyed when Hiccup wakes from the battle. Sensing his human's shock at having lost part of his limb, he helps Hiccup to walk with his new prosthetic, the pair of them now equal having lost a part of themselves. After Hiccup discovers Berk has taken the dragons in as companions, Toothless is given a new tail-fin at the end of the film by Gobber and takes off into the skies with his friend once again.

First Snoggletog with Hiccup

As preparations for Snoggletog begin in Berk, Hiccup loses his helmet during a flight with Toothless. The pair return home where they are bombarded with the news that the island's dragons have all left. Toothless appears to want to follow, making Hiccup feel guilty that he cannot fly on his own. He builds Toothless a new automatic tail so that he can be independent, which causes Toothless to leave just as quickly as the other dragons.

Hiccup and Toothless hug

Hiccup hugging Toothless

Hiccup, upset that Toothless has seemingly abandoned him, later discovers that the other dragons have left Berk in order to have their babies. Though he is unable to see Toothless on the island they have gone to, he brings the dragons back home as Berk celebrates Snoggletog at last. He questions where Toothless may have gone until the Night Fury returns, attempting to sneak into the hall without being noticed. He is quickly spotted and runs up to his human happily, revealing a drool covered helmet as a gift. Realizing that Toothless had left to try and find his lost helmet this whole time, Hiccup hugs his dragon in thanks.

The next day after waking Hiccup up, Toothless has dragged out the old tail-fin and saddle in anticipation of their flight. Despite Hiccup's protests to stop goofing around as he has his new automatic tail, Toothless proceeds to smash it into the ground and fling it away. He nudges the saddle towards Hiccup, leaving his friend in awe that the dragon would rather fly with him or not at all. As the pair take off and perform a daring freefall, Hiccup remarks how while he may have given his best friend independence, Toothless gave him the better gift of his companionship.

Adapting to Berk Society and War with the Outcasts

Toothless practically never leaves Hiccup's side during the events of the TV series. It is revealed they now sleep in the same room where Toothless has his own bed made from a slab of stone raised off the floor so he can safely heat it with his flame.

In "How to Start a Dragon Academy", the dragons on Berk run rampant, causing Hiccup and Toothless to try and maintain the peace they worked so hard to forge. After one too many incidents, Stoick, at Mildew's urging, decreed that the dragons would be banished once again. Hiccup and Toothless manage to find a way to use the dragons' abilities to aid the Vikings with fishing and farming. Stoick reverses his decision and gives responsibility of the dragons to Hiccup and his friends. The Dragon Academy is officially started to train them.

In "Viking for Hire", Toothless supports Hiccup in his attempts to help Gobber find a new place within the new Viking and dragon community as there was no longer any need for dragon killing weapons. When Hookfang goes on a rampage due to a toothache, the two dragons have a brief scuffle until Gobber managed to discover the cause of Hookfang's behavior and removes the tooth.

As shown in "In Dragons We Trust", after several disasters occurred in the village seemingly caused by dragons, Toothless is blamed for the destruction of the armory. At the villagers' demands, Stoick once again banishes the dragons from Berk, much to Mildew's joy. The riders take their dragons to Dragon Island and are forced to leave them there after several sad farewells. Hiccup vows to be back for Toothless. Toothless waits on the Island for Hiccup to return and keeps the peace between the other dragons in the meantime.

As shown in "How to Pick Your Dragon", Hiccup manages to convince Stoick to start dragon riding. Stoick quickly decides that only a Night Fury is worthy of a Chief and starts to ride Toothless everywhere, causing him to become exhausted and lonely without Hiccup. Eventually, Toothless becomes so desperate to escape that he starts to hide from Stoick and begs Hiccup to help. After several disastrous attempts by the other riders to convince Stoick of their dragons' advantages, Toothless is forced to chase down a rogue Dragon, revealed to be a Thunderdrum. Toothless tracks it down and helps the Thunderdrum's friend. Stoick bonds with it with during an attack by boars and everyone returns safely back to Berk.

During the events of "Portrait of Hiccup as a Buff Young Man", Toothless and the other Dragons carried their riders around the island to assist in Hiccup's quest for the treasure of Hamish I. He was the only one who accompanied Hiccup to the final resting place of the treasure as the others had been cut off from them by a cave-in.

As shown in "Dragon Flower", Toothless spends most of his time sick after being been poisoned by the Blue Oleander, along with every other dragon on Berk. Hiccup, Stoick, Gobber and an unwilling Mildew are forced to track down and extract venom from a Scauldron to use as an antidote.

During the events of "Twinsanity", Hiccup then attempts to teach Toothless hand signals. While he is fine with "battle ready" and "plasma blast," he remains a little confused with "smile" and "search". However, he was able to fool Dagur the Deranged and his Berserkers during their fake dragon attack.

During the events of "We Are Family, Parts One and Two", During Bork Week, Toothless and Hiccup then journey off, looking for more Night Furies. Though Toothless seems only slightly interested at first, they become excited as they come closer and closer to their goal. Unfortunately, the prospect of other Night Furies turns out to be is a trap set by Alvin and Mildew.

Outcast War Continues and the Berserker War

During the events of "A View to a Skrill, Parts One and Two", Toothless and Hiccup then discovered a frozen Skrill near Berk and hurry to get it off the island, knowing how it is revered by the Berserkers. When the mighty dragon is thawed out, the pair of them face the prospect of a war between the Skrill, Berserkers and Alvin's Outcasts who manage to take the dragon for themselves.

It is later revealed that the Outcasts and Berserkers intend to form a truce between themselves, using the Skrill as their weapon of choice to invade Berk. Though the two groups eventually fall out with each other, Toothless and Hiccup manage to seal the Skrill back into its icy prison and avoid a potentially deadly battle.

As shown in "The Flight Stuff", Toothless carried Hiccup on scouting runs to Outcast Island so that they could see what Dagur was up to but during one of these scouting missions, Hiccup and Toothless were captured and nearly killed, due to Gustav and Fanghook's interference and eagerness to help. However, Snotlout and Gustav managed to use their Dragons to free them while Astrid and Stormfly distracted the other Outcasts.

As shown in 'A Tale of Two Dragons", Toothless spent most of his time with Hiccup, helping to sort out Mildew's old cabbage field and trying to break up Stormfly and Hookfang when they were fighting each other, only for Toothless to start fighting too. Eventually, they discovered the cause of the aggression was Dragon Root, which Meatlug was immune to, and threw it into the ocean.

Then, in the arena, Dagur tried to ride him, but Toothless quickly threw him off.

The Dragon Eye and the Founding of the Edge

During the events of "Dragon Eye of the Beholder, Parts 1 and 2", three years have passed since the war with the Berserkers. Toothless and Hiccup fly out in the hope of searching for new lands and dragons but to no avail. After Johann was fished from the ocean, Toothless went with his rider and the other riders to the Ship Graveyard in an attempt to capture Dagur. Once there, Toothless went with Hiccup to take a look at The Reaper, where they found the Dragon Eye. They were then confronted by Dagur and his Berserkers.

As shown in "Gone Gustav Gone", Toothless and Hiccup then saved Gustav Larson and Fanghook from both a cave-in and Dagur the Deranged.

In "Reign of Fireworms", Toothless was able to lead the Fireworms away from the Edge.

As shown in "Crushing It", Toothless then assisted the rider in their attempt to capture a wild destructive Rumblehorn. However, with Stoick's help, Toothless realized that the Rumblehorn was trying to warn them of a tidal wave coming towards the edge.

During the events of "Have Dragon Will Travel, Parts One and Two", Toothless then helped the riders track down a rogue dragon and it's rider . Toothless was able to shoot the dragon and it's rider, who revealed herself to be Heather. Toothless was then able to follow Heather to Trader Johann's Ship, where he and Hiccup forced Johann to give him information on Heather's next target; Dagur.

Toothless then saved Heather and Windshear from Dagur's chains and escaped, back to the Edge. There, Toothless told the other dragons to back off from Windshear. Toothless then helped Hiccup convince Heather to not kill Dagur because he was her brother.

As shown in "The Next Big Sting", Toothless then watched Hiccup tested his prototype Flightsuit. He saved Hiccup from crashing in the first two tests. Toothless, along with a Speed Stinger, Speedy, were able to force his pack to leave the edge.

In "Total Nightmare", Toothless then assisted Hookfang and Snotlout in defending Girl Hookfang's eggs from Titan Wing Monstrous Nightmare.

War with the Dragon Hunters

Night of the Hunters, Part 2

Bad Moon Rising

Snotlout Gets the Axe

The Zippleback Experience

Snow Way Out

Edge of Disaster, Part 1

Edge of Disaster, Part 2

Shock and Awe

A Time to Skrill

Maces and Talons, Part 1

Maces and Talons, Part 2

Dragons: Race to the Edge, Season 3

Enemy of My Enemy

Crash Course

Follow the Leader

Turn and Burn

Buffalord Soldier

A Grim Retreat

To Heather or Not to Heather

Stryke Out

Tone Death

Between a Rock and a Hard Place

Family on the Edge

Last Auction Heroes

Defenders of the Wing, Part 1

Season 4

Defenders of the Wing, Part 2

Gruff Around the Edges

Midnight Scrum

Not Lout

Saving Shattermaster

Dire Straits

The Longest Day

Gold Rush

Out of the Frying Pan

Shell Shocked, Part 1

Shell Shocked, Part 2

Dawn of the Dragon Racers

Astrid: "For what it's worth, I always knew red was your color."
Hiccup: "Aww, Astrid, thank you."
Astrid: "I was talking to Toothless."
―Astrid and Hiccup

During the short that explains the formation of Dragon Racing, it is revealed that Toothless' preferred color for the event is red, matching his and Hiccup's attire.

How to Train Your Dragon 2

"You never cease to amaze me, bud. Thank you . . ."
―Hiccup, sharing a moment with Toothless

Flying with Hiccup

HTTYD2 2150

Toothless confused and concerned, unaware of what he has done

The reunion is cut short when Drago and his Bewilderbeast appear and attempt to destroy the Sanctuary. After killing the former Alpha, Drago orders that his Bewilderbeast, now the new Alpha, seize control of Toothless. Though he tries to resist, no dragon can resist the Alpha's command and Toothless becomes entranced. Unresponsive to any of Hiccup's words, he advances relentlessly towards his human to kill him.

As Toothless prepares to fire, Stoick jumps in the way to save his son at the cost of his own life. Toothless is temporarily freed from the Alpha's control and tries to approach Hiccup and Stoick, unsure of what has happened. In his pain and grief, Hiccup yells at Toothless to get away. Hurt at his human's words, Toothless flees the area, allowing Drago to use his Bewilderbeast to take control of him once again. Toothless is led with Drago on his back to lead the assault on Berk.
Toothless angry roar alpha

Having enough of the Bewilderbeast threatening his human family, Toothless challenges the Alpha

Drago arrives at Berk, ordering the Alpha to freeze the island. Hiccup and the other riders, having managed to return home by riding the baby Scuttleclaws that are outside the Alpha's control, arrive to stop him. Still mocking Hiccup's beliefs in how to train dragons, Drago allows Hiccup a chance to 'talk' to Toothless. Hiccup assures his dragon that Stoick's death wasn't his fault and the Alpha's control begins to slip.

As Hiccup pleads with Toothless to come back to him as his best friend, the bond between human and dragon allows Toothless to break free from the Bewilderbeast's control and throw Drago off his back. Trusting Hiccup to blindfold him to resist the Alpha's call, Toothless pulls off a daring maneuver that allows Hiccup to get Drago away from the Alpha. However, despite seemingly having won the battle. the Alpha then freezes both Toothless and Hiccup in a prison of ice.

The ice suddenly breaks apart and Toothless emerges not only having protected Hiccup, but glowing blue with internal fire and having evolved into a Titan Wing. Enraged at the attempt on Hiccup's life, Toothless subsequently challenges the Bewilderbeast directly, breaking its hold on the other dragons with relentless fire attacks and rallying them to aid him.

The Serpent’s Heir

Physical Appearance

Toothless is much larger than his book counterpart, being much bigger in size than Hiccup. He has jet-black scales covering his whole body, his sides having small light patches in a pattern similar to that of a manta ray. Toothless possesses two sets of wings (one main pair and one smaller pair near the base of his tail). He is missing the left side of his tail-fin, which he lost when Hiccup took Toothless down with his Mangler. This is later replaced by a mechanical fin that Hiccup constructs himself.

Not so toothless

Toothless is the only Night Fury seen thus far in the franchise, so his physical appearance is all that can be studied to learn about Night Fury anatomy. He has two extremely large wings that allow him to do a vertical takeoff. Behind that is a set of smaller wings that aid in gliding. At the end of his tail he used to have yet another set of wings that aided in steering and stability, but his left one is now missing.

In How to Train Your Dragon 2, the spines on his head and forelegs are slightly longer. He also has three sets of extra plates growing on his lower jaw. He is also revealed to have a set of extended spines running along his back that aid him in making tight turns. Toothless didn't know about them, but they were revealed by Valka. But other than that he is identical to how he looked in the first movie. Toothless is also a lot more playful than he was in the first movie. It is also revealed by Valka that Toothless is the same age as Hiccup. This may be another reason for how well the duo get along.

As a Titan Wing, Toothless looks the same, but gains blue markings on his body, with those on his spines glowing, and he appears to be a little larger.

Toothless then wore armor made by Hiccup and Snotlout from the Screaming Death's scales. Despite being heavy, Toothless was able to avoid the Dragon Hunters arrows.[1] Toothless then had lighter set of armor made from Gronckle Iron.[2]

Toothless 9999

Toothless with his best friend and buddy, Hiccup.

Toothless stalks like a cat.

Overall, the biggest attributes of Toothless' personality come through in his relationship with Hiccup. Equally protective and loyal, he never hesitates to risk his own life when Hiccup is put in danger and is more than affectionate when the time calls for it. His sense of devotion also shows itself when protecting Hiccup's allies and other friends. Toothless have shown to have bit more like Hiccup's personality when Sleuther's eyes being scared as it reminded of himself that Hiccup have done the same to spare himself.

Toothless, although he cannot speak, shows a lot of emotions through his facial expressions and body language. Toothless has even been shown to make a laughing sort of noise, and often gives a few critical looks if he doesn't like the looks of something.

Abilities and Skills

  • Intelligence and Communication Skills: As a Night Fury, Toothless' intelligence is unrivaled amongst the other dragons and often displays the attributes of an incredibly strategic thinker. Toothless seems to be one of the few dragons who attempts to show creativity, as shown with his repeated attempts at drawing in both of the films. He is able to comprehend silent commands via hand signals and motions and has also been taught by Hiccup to recognize his riders Dragon Call as a summon. In Stryke Out he was able to trick a Razorwhip in the fights and understand how helpless was the Triple Stryke and decides to spare the dragon.
  • Speed and Agility: The Art of How to Train Your Dragon book notes that Toothless can fly over one hundred miles per hour and his design reflects his status as the 'Ferrari of dragons'. His aerial acrobatics, though requiring Hiccup's help to pull off, allow him to escape rather brutal confrontations with little difficulty. Even when not flying, Toothless can tear along the ground at terrific speeds and is one of the most agile dragons on land, shown being able to leap from trees, boulders, walls, etc.
  • Strength: Toothless has shown to be very strong for a dragon of his size, able to hold his own against other larger dragon species such as the Monstrous Nightmare, Whispering Death and Razorwhip. He can carry heavy objects, such as boulders and branches with his front legs alone and can also carry adult Vikings such as Stoick and Alvin on his back. While carrying Hiccup on his back as he able to carry Hookfang with extra weight of Snotlout with some struggle or Barf and Belch tail some struggle. As a Strike-class Dragon, Toothless has a vice-like jaw that can exert great force.
  • Endurance and Stamina: Toothless can fly longer than any other Dragon at least bit longer, but he was shown to be exhausted during the first search for the Skrill, but unless he has to carry heavy objects or someone heavy. He has shown to be able to run long distance with no sign of being exhausted from the cove to the kill ring, that he can also able to take a lot of damage in battle from Hookfang, fighting off the Berk warriors, and Stoick the Vast. He can take attacks from his rival, and still look untouched. After he was poisoned by the Triple Stryke he was still able to fight and defeat him.
  • Retractable Teeth: As a Night Fury, Toothless has the ability to retract his teeth when not using them. This unique trait can make him appear to be toothless, hence his name.
  • Senses: Toothless appears to have an uncannily great sense of hearing, able to hear Hiccup's cries for help from the cove even when Hiccup is in the arena. This good sense of hearing plays into his ability to use a sonar. He is seen using it in the film in order to locate Dragon Island. He tracks Hiccup by his sense of smell, but loses him when Hiccup takes to the air on the back of a Deadly Nadder. He also seems to have the ability of night vision though Hiccup did question when flying in the dark cave so possibly his vision isn't that strong in the dark. But however the good sense of hearing can often be used against him though, making him relatively easy to control and influence from the call of a Red Death or Alpha dragon.
  • Stealth and Camouflage: Toothless' black scales and extreme speed make him hard to notice, especially at night. This was demonstrated when confronting the Flightmare.
About to fire

Toothless about to fire

  • Fire: Toothless is able to conjure several forms of fire. His signature attack is dive bombing and firing a precise and incredibly powerful blast, strong enough to destroy catapults and even knock down a Red Death in a single shot. He can also weaken his blasts enough to use them for non-violent purpose and this level of control also allows him to ricochet his shots off of other surfaces like cliff faces.
    • Plasma Blast: Toothless is also able to shoot several forms of fire (see Fire Types). His signature attack is dive bombing where he dives at great speed and then fires a precise and extremely explosive blast. It is strong enough to destroy a catapult and even knock down the Red Death while making the ground shake a little and sending slight but noticeable shock-wave. He can also weaken his blasts enough to use them for non-violent purposes (like knocking people out of trees). This level of control also allows him to ricochet his shots off of other surfaces like cliff faces.
  • Saliva: Oddly, Toothless' saliva actually has an incredible amount of healing properties. However, this was only stated in Defiant One to heal Snotlout's tongue after eating some strange berries. It is possible Hiccup made this up and the effect of the berries wore off. Hiccup also stated that Toothless' saliva doesn't wash out. It is also proven to be an effective adhesive, more than human saliva, as shown when Hiccup uses it to stick together parts of his map.
  • Echolocation: In We Are Family Part I, it is revealed that Toothless has a hidden ability that Hiccup never known about it, being so long with Toothless he finds a strange ability that Toothless can use; an echolocation to guide himself and Hiccup out of the cave they were trapped in. Hiccup recalls later that "Toothless let out a weird sound that bounced back toward them, and was able to use that to get out". He also used this ability in "Frozen" when they are flying over the frozen sea.
Toothless Alpha Mode
  • Swimming: Toothless is a great swimmer, and has saved Hiccup from drowning several times in the process. He has also been seen sea skimming from one island to another.
    • Sea skimming: A particular way of swimming that, according to Hiccup, "it's like flying... but not." To perform this, Toothless dives and jumps out of the water continuously. This ability doesn't require for Toothless to be ridden by anyone, he can do this all by himself.
  • Synchronization: Thanks to the time they used the prosthetic tail-fin, Toothless and Hiccup are able to fly together in perfect sync. Not only that, but they also understand each other the best out of all Dragons and riders, which was demonstrated several times.
  • "Flaps" on back: Toothless' hidden ability, that was unknown even to himself. Revealed by Valka, those leathery flaps are flat fins-like spikes, placed in "V" shape and extending from his back, to the end of the tail. They gave him more maneuverability and control in flight, almost like a second tail.
  • Dominance Display/"Titan Wing/Alpha": After being sufficiently enraged by Drago's Bewilderbeast, Toothless was able to "charge" himself in some way, it gives him more strength, stronger fire with seemingly no limit. This also gave him the more menacing look, with back, nose and mouth glowing blue color similar to his fire, probably because of amount and strength of this fire inside Toothless. In this state, he challenged the Bewilderbeast. Dragons: Rise of Berk calls this glowing effect Toothless's Titan Wing stage, while School of Dragons calls it his "alpha" look, indicating the franchise is unsure what to call this effect. It is also shown that Toothless, when in Alpha mode, can ignore the Alpha. Even when he is not in Alpha mode, Toothless only needs a blindfold over his eyes and side ears and then he can ignore the Alpha.

Human Relationships

Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III

Toothless and Hiccup in flight

"Please, you are my best friend bud. My best friend."
―Hiccup trying to free Toothless from Drago's Bewilderbeast.

Toothless is Hiccup's best friend and closest companion. Both depend upon one another to a great degree. Toothless is unable to fly without Hiccup, and Hiccup's lack of strength and traditional Viking skills, along with his prosthetic leg, are compensated for by Toothless' strength, speed, and power. The two of them have become extremely close, and their bond of friendship has survived many a harsh trial. Both Toothless and Hiccup have made serious mistakes while dealing with each other.

Hiccup would not heed Toothless' warnings in The Terrible Twos, and Toothless would not allow Hiccup to aid him the battle with the Whispering Death in What Flies Beneath until Hiccup forced him into a position where he had to either save Hiccup or continue his vendetta. Even with these two extremely trying and difficult events, Toothless and Hiccup quickly reconcile, and together they overcome even the greatest challenges.

When Hiccup and Toothless first met, hiccup tried to cut out Toothless's heart but was unable to do so, ever since then, they were merely curious about each other, but eventually this curiosity caused them to see each others similarities. They bonded in the cove, and Toothless would grow in his loyalty to Hiccup as he and the boy became more and more familiar with each other. Hiccup would soon allow Toothless to fly again, and in doing so he would give the Dragon back the thing he held most dear. Toothless and Hiccup often fly together. They have spent hours in practice, and both seem perfectly happy to stay airborne as long as possible. Gobber remarks how hard it is to get Hiccup off of Toothless, and he holds a fair point.

Toothless dives to save Hiccup

The boy and Dragon clearly like nothing more than flying through the rushing air as one. By the time of Snoggletog, Toothless is actually far more interested in his friendship with Hiccup than his own freedom. He is given the ability to fly on his own, but he is so determined to never leave Hiccup that he destroys his new auto-tail. In essence he very much wants to need Hiccup. Toothless is fully willing to risk his own life for the sake of his friend.

He attacks Hookfang and fends off many a Viking trying to protect him in the movie. Toothless would eventually dive into the exploding body of the Red Death in order to save Hiccup's life. In the events of When Lightning Strikes, after Hiccup is hit by a lightning bolt, Toothless' strong bond with Hiccup is displayed yet again when he breaks free from a restraint that he couldn't free himself from in the film and dives into the water after Hiccup. The two of them are always together and have become practically inseparable. Toothless follows Hiccup everywhere and enjoys the company of Hiccup even in the most mundane and normal daily activities. Toothless seems to be perfectly happy with Hiccup even though he has no other Night Furies.

Hiccup and Toothless with their heads touching

A sweet moment

Astrid notes that Toothless does not seem to need anyone besides Hiccup to make him happy, and this is very often shown to be true. In The Night and the Fury, Tuffnut refers to Hiccup as Toothless' "other half." Toothless' position as Hiccup's first and best friend is never questioned, with Hiccup referring to him as the best friend he has ever had.

Even after Toothless was briefly brainwashed by Drago's Bewilderbeast to kill Stoick, after Hiccup initially yelled at Toothless out of grief and pain, he soon calmed down, breaking through the Alpha's control of his friend by assuring Toothless that he didn't blame him for what had happened. Toothless in return challenged the massive Bewilderbeast solely through his desire to protect Hiccup, showing that their bond is unbreakable even in the toughest of trials.

In The Zippleback Experience, Toothless is shown to be able to sense when Hiccup is in danger, as he intensely looked out to the sea when Hiccup was captured by the Dragon Hunters, despite not being present when it happened.

Stoick the Vast

"Thank you for saving my son."
―Stoick, to Toothless who has brought Hiccup back alive

Stoick thanks Toothless for saving Hiccup

Toothless and Stoick got off to a really bad start from the moment they first meet. Stoick charges Toothless, seeing him as the ultimate threat to the island and the very "Unholy Offspring of Lightning and Death itself". Initially seeing Stoick as the greatest threat when Hiccup needs to be protected, Stoick struggles, but even with his massive strength he is unable to keep Toothless from pinning him to the ground.

Toothless prepares to kill Stoick with a fire blast, but Hiccup screams "NO!" in utter despair and desperation. After that he chains Toothless in a cruel harness to find the Nest, after discovers that Toothless can be used to find Dragon Island. the dragon is surprised when Stoick jumps into the water to free him upon seeing that Hiccup was right about dragons. After the battle of the Red Death comes to a close, Stoick believes Hiccup to be dead. He apologizes to Toothless in painful grief, but Toothless reveals that Hiccup is still alive. Stoick deeply thanks the dragon for saving his son, and the two of them grow to have great respect for one another.

During the TV series, Toothless continues to show respect for Stoick due to his status as the chief, but occasionally comes into conflict with his interests when the Viking's stubborn nature comes into play. Rather than face him outright, Toothless would rather avoid confrontation altogether even at his the cost of his own discomfort, such as in How to Pick Your Dragon. Stoick stands up for Toothless without hesitation in When Lightning Strikes, Stoick's and Toothless' friendship is fairly strong, and it is made even stronger by their mutual love for Hiccup.

HTTYD2 2153

A concerned, confused Toothless, nudging Stoick's hand

In How to Train Your Dragon 2, their relationship is definitely stronger as Toothless appears to agree with Stoick's decision not to go after Drago in the beginning. Upon seeing how happy the chief is when reunited with Valka, he tries his best to perform actions of encouragement for the whole family. Near the climax, Stoick is killed by Toothless' plasma blast when Drago's Bewilderbeast takes control of him. Upon temporarily being freed it, Toothless comes to his senses and approaches Stoick's body, not knowing what he did until Hiccup forces him away. Realizing his action, Toothless is saddened for what he has done, but redeems himself for this incident by challenging and defeating the Bewilderbeast for Berk near the end.

In Burning Midnight, Toothless is shown to still bear some guilt over Stoick's death.

Astrid Hofferson

" (..) I'll need to fly Toothless since you'll be too busy."
―Astrid's reaction to Hiccup becoming the new chief of Berk[src]

Toothless meets Astrid

Toothless' first impression of Astrid is a very bad one. He sees her being aggressive towards Hiccup and decides she is a threat. He leaps towards her and prepares to land on her with mouth agape. Hiccup jumps in and pushes Astrid to safety and disarms her at the same time. He tries to calm Toothless down, but the Dragon can barely control his rage.

Astrid is introduced, but Toothless is not amused. Astrid then runs to try and tell Stoick, but Toothless and Hiccup abduct her. Hiccup convinces her to ride Toothless claiming that there is nothing to be afraid of, but Toothless has other, less friendly, ideas. He leaps into the air and pulls off an array of dangerous aerial maneuvers. Astrid is terrified into apologizing, and Toothless smooths out his flight.

He then gives her an amazingly beautiful view of Berk from the air. She is amazed by the splendor of the scene and admits that Toothless is amazing. From that moment on, she helped Hiccup try and keep Toothless concealed. Toothless saved her from being eaten by the Red Death, and upon doing so gave her a big toothless smile. At the end of the movie, Astrid is incredibly relieved to see that Toothless saves Hiccup.
Tumblr o9gdv76Zrv1ub5mbwo4 540

Toothless and Astrid in "Race to the Edge"

In How to Train Your Dragon 2, Toothless greets Astrid and Stormfly with a big gummy smile which earns him an affectionate scratch from Astrid before he wanders off to play with Stormfly. During his first encounter with Eret, Astrid places a calming hand on Toothless as he snarls at the Dragon Trappers for capturing Stormfly. Astrid's relationship with Toothless is also shown to have a playful side, especially during dragon racing.

Toothless seems to have a good grasp on Hiccup's feelings for Astrid, and he even teases him about it. In Team Astrid he was particularly encouraging when Hiccup wanted to stay the night with Astrid at the academy. He was also seen worrying for her in Buffalord Soldier and was quite displeased when Viggo showed up. He and Astrid also seem to share a common worry for Hiccup's well being, and understand one another's importance in his life. In Blindsided, Astrid feels that Stormfly doesn't want her and goes to get onto Toothless, and Toothless seems to not mind her getting on him (although Hiccup tells her not to).

By the time of the second movie, it has been implied that Astrid knows how to fly Toothless in case of emergencies.

"Oh, he's beautiful! Incredible! He might very well be the last of his kind. And look, he's your age! No wonder you get along so well!"
―Valka during her 'inspection' of Toothless
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Toothless playing with Valka

Toothless is initially distrusting of Valka until she shows her ability to communicate with dragons like her son. He later becomes as docile around her as he does with Hiccup, most likely due to the family connection and her years worth of dragon taming experience. When they first meet, Toothless seems to enjoy Valka's company a great deal and tries to encourage her to come back to Berk so they can all be a big family.

Gobber the Belch

Toothless and Gobber seems to be in friendly terms. In The Terrible Twos Gobber seems to understand Toothless and vise versa, but doesn't like Gobber's comments that involve Vikings before dragons.

Snotlout Jorgenson

Like Hiccup, Toothless shows some resentment towards Snotlout. In Defiant One, Toothless turned to Snotlout to help rescue Hiccup from the Outcasts. While the two did work well together, Toothless growled at Snotlout when he said he might not give him back to Hiccup. Toothless occasionally blasts Snotlout, usually when annoyed with him or helping him out when he's stuck.

Fishlegs Ingerman

Toothless appears to be somewhat more gentle around Fishlegs than the other riders. When Hiccup got attached to Meatlug, who began attracting metal to her body, Toothless showed no hesitation to let Fishlegs ride him.

Ruffnut and Tuffnut Thorston

Like everybody else, Toothless is showed to be annoyed with the twins antics. The two rode Toothless when Hiccup and Barf & Belch were in trouble. Though Toothless was not thrilled by this.

Toothless was comfortable enough to let her ride him, along with Hiccup. While his reaction to Heather's betrayal was not seen, he seemed to have forgiven her, as he let her pet him goodbye. When Dagur offered Heather to join him, Toothless protected her from the Berserker chief.

Toothless was happy to see Heather and Windshear again[3].

Dragon Relationships

Toothless and Stormfly say farewell during the Dragon migration

In the movie and franchise, Toothless and Stormfly share a pretty close friendship that rivals their riders' own. They seem to enjoy each other's company and occasionally they can be seen interacting with each other on friendly terms. Often times Astrid's competitive nature can be seen in Stormfly, and that means that she and Toothless do occasionally get competitive.

On Race to the edge, they are often seen chasing each other in the background. Toothless' friendship in Stormfly is probably aided significantly by the fact that Stormfly's rider (Astrid) is Hiccup's closest human friend. As Hiccup and Astrid grew closer, so did the dragons.

When Toothless breaks free of the Alpha's control and calls other Dragons to aid him, Stormfly is the first dragon shown to return to herself and join Toothless as he makes his stand. After the Bewilderbeast's defeat, Stormfly acknowledges Toothless as the new Alpha Dragon by bowing down to him.

Toothless and Hookfang bare a completely different relationship to that of their riders. However at times Hookfang has seen to be pretty competitive with Toothless. They both share mutual respect for each other. As far as can be guessed, Hookfang and Toothless met each other for the first time in the Dragon killing arena. Hookfang was attempting to kill Hiccup, and Toothless blasted into the arena in order to save his friend. Hookfang and Toothless engage in a short yet brutal fight. Hookfang backs down, but shoots Toothless an odd look of contempt.

Ever since, Hookfang and Toothless have never really seemed to get along. They tolerate each other most of the time. Generally they simply avoid interaction. Occasionally they will get into fights, and when Hookfang went on a rampage, Toothless was quick to leap in and attack him. They share a sort of rivalry, and this is most clearly displayed in the Thawfest games. The dragons openly growl at one another before the games begin. Their relationship is not improved by the fact that Hookfang's rider, Snotlout, is often unkind to Hiccup. Toothless does not openly hate Hookfang, but there is very little evidence that either Hookfang or Toothless have any affection for one another. In How to Train Your Dragon 2, Hookfang acknowledged Toothless as the new Alpha Dragon by bowing down to him.

Toothless have shown to be close friends with Meatlug as he shows to concern when she feels depress as Fishlegs was over thinking about winning the competition against Snotlout. Meatlug also seems to care for Toothless as she was willing to help him out in the process of which Hiccup and Fishlegs were trying to cure Toothless from the eel effect. In How to Train Your Dragon 2, Meatlug acknowledged Toothless as the new Alpha Dragon by bowing down to him.

Toothless did try to fight this wild dragon before Thornado got train by Stoick. Then they he later have good relationship with Thornado, and they learned to work together- in Live and Let Fly, they combined their shots to defeat Alvin's boat. Toothless understood that Thornado had to stay on Dragon Island to look over the babies Thunderdrum.

Barf and Belch

Barf and Belch and Toothless are usually good with each other, although Toothless looked angry and annoyed when they crashed him and Hiccup from the sky.[4] Toothless usually will grab on their tails when they needed to be stopped if they cuase problems such as when they were not be with their owners as they went crazy when their owners were having fight and they were affected by the dragon root.

Rival Whispering Death

"So Toothless has an arch-enemy. Kind of like you and me."
―Snotlout, to Hiccup[src]

Toothless fighting his rival

Toothless' arch rival is a Whispering Death from his past. He and this Dragon have some sort of serious history, and they both are willing to fight to the death over the grudge. What the events were that started the feud are unsure, but the Whispering Death has a large bite mark from his previous battles with Toothless. This Whispering Death shows up in Berk looking for Toothless.

The Whispering Death soon discovers that his old rival is unable to fly, and he uses that to his advantage. The Whispering Death refuses to be trained by Hiccup and nearly eats the boy. Toothless is nearly killed when the Whispering Death attempts to blast him off of a cliff. Hiccup arrives just in time, and he and Toothless must work together to defeat this powerful enemy. Toothless had originally wanted to settle the score on his own, but Hiccup eventually convinced him to accept help.

Whatever started the grudge was certainly serious. Toothless is so set on seeing the fight through that he actually fires a plasma bolt in front of Hiccup to get the boy to stop following him. Hiccup is deeply saddened by this, and Toothless realizes this, but he is still willing to hurt Hiccup's feelings for the sake of dealing with this past rivalry.

Toothless cares for Hiccup deeply, so the fact that he would risk harming their friendship for the sake of revenge gives a tiny glimpse at the seriousness of his animosity towards this Whispering Death. In the end, Toothless spares the Whispering Death after defeating him. The Whispering Death then quickly retreats, and Hiccup is proud of Toothless for sparing his foe that had only moments before nearly killed them both. It is possible that they are no longer foes and consider the matter to be closed.

Toothless' experience with this dragon made him aggressive toward other Whispering Deaths though not too munch as seen with the Screaming Death Mother is friend proving for Toothless their are some good in them.

From the moment Torch is discovered, Toothless instinctively didn't trust the youngling but knew the young Typhoomerang's mother was nearby and thus didn't want to risk angering her. Hiccup, however, ignored his warnings and took him to Berk anyway. From that moment, Torch began to irritate Toothless without mercy. He ate all of Toothless' fish, stole all of Hiccup's attention and took his bed allowing Toothless to become jealous of the attention the dragon got from Hiccup instead of him. Torch seems to be little brother that Toothless never wanted.

When the two meet again, they're still not on the best of terms, but are no longer as aggressive to one another.

The Screaming Death

Toothless met a new enemy: the Screaming Death. This large Dragon goes after him and Hiccup more than the other Dragons, most likely due to Toothless attacking the Screaming Death more often. Hiccup and Toothless were able to lure the albino Dragon into colliding with a sea stack, and injuring its wing. The Screaming Death obviously remembered this when they met again, as Hiccup and Toothless were its main targets other than sinking the islands. Toothless is happy to see the Screaming Death reunite with its mother.

Though Toothless was bit surprise that Screaming Death has forgotten who was Toothless after three years later that they went as enemies again.

Toothless have shown to dislike Fanghook as he was wild dragon and roar at Fanghook when failing to shot accurate at the target when almost blasting the riders that were around. Later Toothless was shown to be bit thankful being

Fanghook 75

saved by Fanghook from the trap. But like other riders Toothless had shown to be very annoyed with Fanghook as he was standing on his back as Fanghook was being playful with him.

Skullcrusher gallery3

Toothless playing with Skullcrusher

Toothless was shown to dislike Skullcrusher at first because thinking it was very wild dragon that attack the Edge few times. Even though he went searching for this dragon seeming it was attacking his family he was told by Hiccup to shoot at the Rumblehorn until Stoick stopped the attack as he soon realize from the chief finally figuring out that the wild dragon was trying to save everyone by making them flee from the edge before the huge disaster of tidal wave will come. As Toothless became good terms with this new member of the family, they were sometimes seen running around together. In How to Train Your Dragon 2, Skullcrusher acknowledged Toothless as the new Alpha Dragon by bowing down to him.

Unlike Toothless' playful personality, Cloudjumper is a more serious counterpart. The two appear to become friends after learning about the relationship between their riders and often observe the behaviors of each other during flights. Toothless even acts smug towards Cloudjumper when Hiccup reveals that he can fly on his own unlike Valka. Toothless attempts to get Cloudjumper to play with him multiple times, only able to get a reaction of the larger dragon when he has snow dumped on him. After becoming the Alpha after the Bewilderbeast's defeat, Cloudjumper is the first to bow down to Toothless, showing his respects.[5]

DD S3 RttE E11 0081

Windshear appears to be comfortable around Toothless, as the two were seen nuzzling. When Toothless, Stormfly, and Windshear met up, the three were seen playing together. Toothless happily greeted Windshear when she and Heather returned to Dragon's Edge, but the Razorwhip growled at him, much to his surprise as she became bit like Heather trying to stay her distance from others. She did seem to settle down a bit later on, but she attacked Toothless again during a training flight. Once Windshear finally accepted the others, the two got along again. Toothless even regurgitated a fish for her, which she accepted.

Toothless have shown that he was helping this dragon to be train by his new owner Dagur. Toothless even watch Shattermaster was willing to give up his life to help his owner to defeat the Dragon Hunters.[6]

Toothless was forced to fight a wild Triple Styker in the Dragon Fight Arena. As they fight as proven to Toothless that he was fighting for his life. Toothless manage to get the upper hand during the fight as Toothless was going for the kill him because he loss his cool but he saw Sleuther eyes close as it reminded himself from his past as Hiccup have done the same to not to be killer. As Toothless mangage to show the Triple Stryker their no needed to kill others for survival. Toothless management to the trainer of the wild dragon. He even flew next to Toothless as thinking he was trusty friend to be with as similar mimic to stick his tong out like Toothless.

Though after short year, Sleuther has became a wild dragon in the Edge as he had still have problems with humans even though Toothless wasn't able to calm his friend as Triple Stryker even try to attack him. Though the results could be his natural instincts came back to himself living in the wild with many dragons and he must hunt for food as he used to be fed in captivity for long time.

Enemies, old and new

Before meeting Hiccup, Toothless viewed all humans as enemies. It took some time before he opened up to others. Even after the events in the movie, Toothless still has some human enemies.

Current Enemies

Drago Bludvist

Toothless has a deep hatred for the self-proclaimed "Dragon God", especially after witnessing the atrocities of his trappers during the events of the second film. After Drago uses Toothless under the Bewilderbeast's control to attack Hiccup and ultimately kills Stoick instead, Toothless shows no mercy in throwing Drago to the ground when he is made free and ultimately fights back against the madman's Bewilderbeast.

Viggo and Ryker Grimborn

Toothless dislikes the Grimborn brothers and their fellow Dragon Hunters ever since he saw the dragon skeletons aboard The Reaper.

Drago's Bewilderbeast

Like other Dragons, Toothless fell victim of the Alpha's hypnotic abilities and was forced to attack Hiccup, but ultimately killed Stoick instead. When broken free and the large Dragon attacked Hiccup directly, Toothless used his body to shield him from the icy blast. Toothless then challenged the Alpha and defeated him by having the other Dragons join him and destroyed his left tusk, becoming the new Alpha, redeeming himself for his unintentional hand in Stoick's demise, and gaining his innocence back.

Toothless might understand that this is the evil Bewilderbeast was raised to be evil for his owner who treated harshly.

Former Enemies

Alvin the Treacherous

Toothless doesn't hold back when facing the Outcast leader, almost threatening to kill him during a charger in the events of We Are Family, Part 2. In Cast Out, Part 2, Toothless is not thrilled about having Alvin join him and Hiccup to save Stoick, but did seem pleased as he and Hiccup watched Stoick and Alvin make up.

Toothless shares a great dislike for Mildew. In How to Start a Dragon Academy, Toothless growls at the old man when he was making fun of Hiccup for thinking dragons could be trained. Though like Alvin, Toothless shows a bit more of a trust in Mildew after he is freed from Dagur's cage trap by him, showing that he begins to trust the old man.

Dagur the Deranged

Toothless shows more of his ferocious side whenever he sees Dagur, since he is obsessed with killing Dragons. Toothless began to slowly open up to Dagur in Enemy of My Enemy after the Berserker tried to change. Like Hiccup, he did not trust him, but Dagur help create a cure for the dragon root arrow Toothless had been shot with. He also allowed Dagur to operate his tail so the two could save Hiccup from the Dragon Hunters. Even so, Toothless did not fully accept Dagur. Although he did let Dagur ride him again for fun in Family on the Edge as proof of sign that Toothless is believing that Dagur is becoming better man to be good with others as he was shown to be happy to make Dagur fly on him. Toothless was able to make Hiccup trust Dagur since Toothless had trust this old former villain.

Temporary Riders

Stoick the Vast

Stoick rode Toothless when the chief began his training. While Stoick enjoyed using Toothless for his chieftain responsibilities, the Night Fury did not. He even tried to hide from Stoick at one point.

Fishlegs Ingerman

Toothless let Fishlegs ride him when the two of them were trying to catch a magnetic Meatlug and Hiccup, who was attached to her.

Snotlout Jorgenson

Snotlout rode Toothless when Hiccup was captured by the Outcasts, and attempted to ride him again after thinking that Hookfang has left him. Toothless then have Snotlout ride him in order to rescue Astrid and Throk who got trapped in the volcano of Caldera Cay, but the spewing lava proved too much for them.

Ruffnut and Tuffnut Thorston

When Hiccup was captured by the Dragon Hunters and Barf & Belch set out to rescue him, Ruffnut and Tuffnut rode Toothless to help them, much to the Night Fury's dismay.

Dagur the Deranged

Dagur first tried to ride Toothless, but the Night Fury quickly bucked him off. Toothless finally let Dagur ride him so they could save Hiccup from the Hunters. Dagur rode him again to pass the time while Hiccup was getting a new leg, although he bucked him off when Dagur grabbed the base of his wing.

Drago Bludvist

When Toothless fell under the Bewilderbeast's control in How to Train Your Dragon 2, Drago used him as his method of transport to Berk. Once Toothless broke free, he threw Drago off his back.

From Book to Film

―Chris Sanders, in The Art Of How To Train Your Dragon

Unlike his book incarnation, the film version of Toothless being a Night Fury is an original concept unique to the series. The Terrible Terrors were originally designed to be a more faithful take on Toothless' original incarnation, but as time went on in development, it was decided that Hiccup's dragon should have more presence and be able to stand toe-to-toe with his future tamer and lifelong friend rather than pairing the scrawny Viking with an equally scrawny Dragon:

  • In Book of Dragons, Hiccup states that he has never seen another Night Fury besides Toothless. This could indicate that Toothless is the last of his kind, as Eret and Valka later guess in How To Train Your Dragon 2.
  • The similarities of Toothless to Disney's Stitch (of Lilo and Stitch) are very prevalent and isn't just a coincidence: The creative team behind the film versions of How to Train Your Dragon (Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois) are the same duo behind Lilo & Stitch.
  • Toothless and Hiccup share many traits that makes them symbolically equal. The most prevalent of them are the fact they are both missing a left part of their body that is used for movement and that they are the same age.
  • It is hinted that Toothless has a fear of lighting, ironic as Night Furies are referred to as the "unholy offspring of lightning and death itself."
  • In some scenes from Riders and Defenders of Berk Toothless' color is dark blue.
    • However, it is possible that this is made so Toothless can be seen in the night.
  • Toothless can sleep upside-down in a similar manner to a bat.
  • Toothless is capable of walking on his hind legs, as shown during his attempts to draw like Hiccup and threatening to throw him off a cliff.
  • In How To Train Your Dragon, if you look hard enough, it is shown that Toothless has markings on his body.
  • When Toothless begins glowing for his climatic battle against Drago's Bewilderbeast, the way his spines light up with blue as he shoots unlimited fire blasts is a possible reference to the famous Japanese giant monster Godzilla, whose spines light up with energy as he unleashes his own atomic breath.
  • Toothless seems to get the large scars on his legs from a battle with a Razorwhip, as shown in the episode 'Stryke Out'.
  • Toothless is the first dragon shown to evolve into a Titan Wing, as seen during his battle against Drago's Bewilderbeast.

Preceded by:
Drago's Bewilderbeast
The Alpha Dragon
Succeeded by:

Notes and References

  1. RttE WB Race to the Edge, Season 2 – "Night of the Hunters, Part 1"
    RttE WB Race to the Edge, Season 2 – "Part 2"
  2. RttE WB Race to the Edge, Season 2 – "Snow Way Out"
  3. RttE WB Race to the Edge, Season 3 – "To Heather or Not to Heather"
  4. RttE WB Race to the Edge, Season 2 – "The Zippleback Experience"
  5. How to Train Your Dragon 2
  6. RttE WB Race to the Edge, Season 3 – "Family on the Edge"

External Link

Dradon site logo Toothless in the Dragonpedia.

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by Victor M. Parachin

The millions who attend annual automotive shows would be surprised to learn that the first National Automobile Show took place in 1900 from Nov. 3–10. It was sponsored by the Automobile Club of America and featured 40 automakers exhibiting more than300 cars. Attendance averaged 6,000 per day and visitors viewed braking and starting contests. Admission to the "horseless horse show" was 50 cents. That same year, William McKinley became the first U.S. President to ride in an automobile. Here are other fascinating automotive firsts.

First steering wheel - The earliest automobiles were steered by tillers, much like a boat. In 1900, the first steering wheel was used on a Packard Model C, built by the Ohio Automobile Company. Visitors at the National Automobile Show looked skeptically at it, referring to the steering wheel as "that foreign thing." In defense of the new innovation, Packard officials declared: "In machines that are designed to travel in excess of 20 miles an hour," a steering wheel was an absolute necessity.

Curved Dash 1901 Oldsmobile
Gasoline powered Curved Dash 1901 Oldsmobile.

First automobile laws - It quickly became apparent that states would have to establish rules and regulations on drivers and their vehicles. On July 6, 1899, the city of Chicago authorized a Board of Examiners of Operators of Automobiles. In 1901, Connecticut became the first state to enact uniform, statewide motor vehicle laws. That year, New York issued the first state license plates for automobiles and collected a total of $954 in fees. The first vehicle stop sign was put in Detroit in 1914. Jacob German has the distinction of being the first driver arrested for speeding. That took place on May 20, 1899, when German, the operator of a taxicab for the Electric Vehicle Company, was arrested for driving at a "breakneck speed" of 12 miles per hour on Lexington Avenue, New York City. He was booked and jailed in the East 22nd Street police station.

First speedometer and speed limit - The curved dash of the 1901 Oldsmobile was the first vehicle equipped with a speedometer. England was the world's first country to establish the speed limit. That took place in 1902 and was set at 20 miles per hour.

In the United States, the first national speed limit law was enacted in 1942 and set at 35 miles per hour. The following year, 1943, a ban on driving for pleasure was put into place because gasoline was needed for the effort of World War II. The 55 mile per hour national speed limit was legislated in the US in 1974. That was the first time since World War II that the government instituted such a regulation.

1913 Model T Touring Car
1913 Model T Touring Car

First car produced for commercial sales - That was the car manufactured by Charles Edgar Duryea, regarded as American's pioneer automobile manufacturer. Duryea began building his first automobile in August 1891 in Springfield, MA, and was successfully operated on April 19, 1892. By 1895, he organized the Duryea Motor Wagon Company producing cars for commercial sale. The first was sold in 1896.

First car factory - In 1899, Ransom Eli Olds of Detroit, MI, began manufacturing Oldsmobiles at his factory. In 1901, he produced 433 cars; 2,500 in 1902; and 5,508 in 1904. Although Olds pioneered car manufacturing, it was Henry Ford who would be the first to mass produce automobiles. In 1908, he introduced the Model T with a low price because it was mass-produced. His vehicle became the first which was affordable to the general public. Ford further developed auto manufacturing in August 1913 by using a moving assembly line. At his Highland Park, MI., plant, a two-rope pulley was hooked to a Model T chassis, pulling it past the workers who added the necessary parts. By the end of that year, his assembly line was motorized. The use of an assembly line increased Model T production from seven and one-half to 146 cars per hour, making cars even more affordable. Henry Ford's assembly line effectively removed automobile ownership from the exclusive hands of the wealthy.

1901 White Steam O Touring Car
1901 White Steam O Touring Car, preferred car of President William Howard Taft, and first official White House car.

First interchangeable car parts - One reason cars were initially so expensive was that each automobile had to be hand-built. That expense dropped enormously when Cadillac cars became the first to use interchangeable parts. Three Cadillacs were shipped to England and completely disassembled. The parts were then intermixed and the cars reassembled. That interchangeability concept completely revolutionized automobile manufacturing techniques by making it possible to produce parts ahead of time. There was no longer a need to hand-build each vehicle.

First White House car - William Howard Taft ordered the first official White House car. It was a White Steamer. Taft, who was a large man, was so impressed with the roominess of the steam-powered auto that he continued to use steam vehicles throughout his term and bought others for personal use after leaving office. Other prominent individuals who preferred White Steamers included John D. Rockefeller and Buffalo Bill Cody.

First starter - The early autos could only be started by using a hand crank. This was often difficult, dangerous and almost impossible for women to do. In 1911, Charles Kettering of Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (Delco) developed and installed the first self starter in a Cadillac. This, too, helped advance increased use of the automobile by making it easier for most people, especially women, to drive.

Packard Ad

First car radio - In 1929, Motorola sold the first car radios for aftermarket installation. The radios were developed by Paul Galvin and Bill Lear, who later became founder of the Lear Jet. The 1987 Lincoln Town Car was the first American car to offer a factory-installed CD player as an option.

First automatic transmission - In 1940, General Motors offered an automatic transmission on their Oldsmobile model. Called the "Hydra-Matic," the transmission used four speeds and added $57 to the price of the cars. By the late forties, the Hyrda- Matic was being used by Cadillac and Pontiac as well as independent automakers such as Nash and Hudson.

First air conditioned car - What is now standard on virtually all new vehicles created a stir when the Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, MI, publicly exhibited an air-conditioned auto Nov. 4–12, 1939, at the 40th Automobile Show in Chicago. Air inside the car was cooled to the temperature desired, filtered and circulated. The cooling capacity of those first auto air conditioners was equivalent to 1.5 tons of ice in 24 hours when the car was driven at 60 miles per hour, or two tons at 80 miles per hour.

Victor M. Parachin is a freelance writer living in Tulsa, OK.

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Medieval Illnesses and Cures

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In the Medieval England, health and medicine were very important aspects of life. One of the causes of medieval illnesses is poor hygiene such as skin disease. Skin disease was most common around poor peasants and townspeople. Because of the rough wool clothing that they wore, many insects lived in the material and irritated the skin of the people. The illness was cured from covering the sore spots with the skin of a wolf.
Poor diets were also responsible for causing many illnesses including scurvy and diarrhea. Scurvy is caused by the lack of vitamin C and was cured from drinking/eating citrus. Diarrhea is caused by many things and a common cure was folk medicine which was made from the herbal remedies of plants, flowers, and tree bark.
Another common cause for medieval illnesses is infection. Infection can cause very serious diseases such as smallpox, leprosy, and black death. The medieval cause for smallpox was a variola virus and wrapping the victim in red cloth and draping red cloth around the bed where they lay was believed to be the cure. Leprosy is caused by a slow-growing bacteria called Mycobacterium and one cure for leprosy was drinking melted gold because it symbolized wealth. Some of the many cures for black death were being washed in vinegar, cutting a vein which leads to the heart (blood-letting), and a diet in which you don’t eat food which smells badly. Black death is caused by bacteria called Yersinia pestis which comes from rodent or flea bites.
There are many other medieval diseases which we still do not understand to this day. However, science has gone so far. Today, these cures probably sound ridiculous, but in medieval times, they were considered genius.

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Medieval Illnesses and Cures

I hope that after reading this article, you will understand more about how quickly science is moving.


Statistics for occurrence #1 of “Boydton” in chapter 31 of Philip Henry Sheridan, Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army .:

...d, effectually separating them and cutting off both Davies and Devin from the road to Dinwiddie, so that to get to that point they had to retreat across the country to B. Boisseau's and then down the Boydton road. Gibbs's brigade had been in reserve near the intersection of the Five Forks and Dabney roads, and directing Merritt to hold on there, I ordered Gregg's brigade to be mounted and brought to...
Max. Freq. Min. Freq.
Entity Corpus Doc Corpus Doc
Boydton (Virginia, United States) 355 14 15 0 0 user votes


I want to tell them

I want to tell them that this semester is about me finding my footing.

I want to tell them I’m sorry for all the experiments.

I want to tell them this all feels so unfamiliar.

I want to tell them thank you for trusting me.

I want to tell them I’m starting to trust myself more everyday.

I want to tell them, but I can’t.

And so I tell myself. And you.

*this was a light night experiment of impromptu poetry/blogging. Thank you for reading

When Rapport Just Happens

Then on Friday, after all that worrying,  this happened.

Educational Influences: My father, Guy J. LeBlanc

This past winter, I interviewed my father on five different occasions, with each interview taking place at St. Pete Beach, Florida. My intention was to learn more about the moments he felt were significant to him in his work in education.  I also wanted to share his work with others, and of course learn more about my father — or “pape” as my sister (view and purchase her captivating photography here) and I call him.

For the most recent iTDi blog issue, Outside Influences, I shared part of an interview I did with my father in, An Outside Influence from Within My Family. However, here on Throwing Back Tokens, I will share shorter sections from those interviews throughout the next few months.

I want to thank my father for being so open with me, and for allowing me to share his story here. It is a sweet privilege.

And here is where the timeline begins.

Morning seashell hunting misson
Morning seashell hunting at St. Pete Beach, Florida

Me: Why did you enter the field of education, and when was that?

Guy: I started teaching a swimming course when I was 16 years old. That was really my first experience in education. And then when I finished college* I had an offer to work in a bank, but it didn’t pay my student loans, so at the last minute (August 15 and the university semester started in September), I decided to get my Bachelor of Education at Acadia.

*This is what we would consider as the final year in high school now. During his teenage years, my father studied at what is now known as Universite St. Anne. Although the community was francophone Acadian, this was the only school in the area where the content and instructions were in French.

Then I taught for two years at the Clare District High School. The formal classroom was never my style. I had always wanted to teach Physical Education (PE). My parents discouraged me because I had a bad back — two slipped discs at 16 or 17 years old. The discs came back into place, but I had a weak back. And so if I took a major in PE, I wouldn’t be able to teach in a regular classroom.

Then after two years at the high school, I decided to go to Acadia to take a Bachelor of Recreation.

Me: Let’s back up here. So you you had been in a regular class, and you taught…?

Guy: …Social Studies, History (what they called back then, History and Geography). We taught Health with a book from 1948, and I was teaching in the 70s. Not one of the profs felt it was right, but because we were in a school that was predominantly Catholic, there were certain things about sexuality you couldn’t talk about with students. There was little about health like we know about it today — like how to eat; how to exercise; how to strengthen yourself and be in better health.

Me: Was that one of the reasons you didn’t want to keep going in the classroom?

Guy: That was one of the reasons. When I was a student in school, I didn’t really like going to school, so teaching in the classroom didn’t interest me greatly.  But I loved working with people: with young people. I had always worked with kids in my swimming courses and in clubs for kids.

Me: So you wanted to work in PE because it was more in line with your beliefs; it was more active and more of what you had already done in your life. Then you went to Acadia to take your Bachelor of Recreation…

Guy: …and Physical Education at that time. It was a new program that started. At that time it was strange because they were talking about a “4 day work week”. Everyone was going to have a lot of free time for recreation so it was going to be a growing field. 35 years later, it’s not a 4 day work week but more of a 7 day week.

They wanted to focus on activities for the community, while now it’s about health and staying fit: to keep the mind fit and the body fit. Recreation is an integral part of almost every community. I was the first recreation director in Clare. It was a newly created position, but I only stayed a year (My father describes a controversial moment that occurs that leads to him being let go. The community was upset with this decision because they wanted the position to remain in the community and wanted my father to keep the position. Terms weren’t met and so…)

… I returned to teaching. There was position that opened up to teach PE from grade 3 to grade 7 (8 to 12 years old). I taught PE for 5 to 6 years in elementary school.

Me: I remember because I was really hoping that you would be my teacher. (I was a huge PE fanatic as a kid, and the idea of my dad being my PE teacher was big dream. When I got to grade 3, however, he began his career as an elected member of the Nova Scotia legislature.)

What was one of your most memorable moments teaching PE?

Me: What were the basics?

Guy: Some kids could swim, but some kids had never seen a pool and would never see one because their parents couldn’t afford to bring them to the pool at Universite St. Anne. Like this, transportation was provided for the students and the “foyer ecole” (home and school association) raised money to pay for the buses and the school board approved. This way everyone learned artificial respiration and other basic life saving skills, basic swimming skills…if they fell in the water, they learned how to put on a life jacket and save themselves.

Part 2 of this interview will come out next weekend. Thank you for reading!

Questions I ask myself before class

I’m currently working on a project that asks me to question what teachers may need to consider and do in order to confidently teach an English language class. To do this, I wrote a list of questions that have come to my mind during my years of teaching, and thought it might be of use to you as well. The list below relates to questions I try to ask myself before class, with “before” being subjective to time. I also intend to create a list of what I think about during and after class.

  • Individual learners – Who are my learners? What do they already know about English? What are their interests in life? Why are they here? How do they feel today? What’s going on in their lives that might affect their time here?
  • Group dynamics – Do the learners get along? What can I do to create a community (collaborative rather than competitive)? What are the cultural dynamics at play? How do the learners relate to me?
  • Classroom dynamics – Is the layout conducive to discussions or the tasks I have in mind? From what I know about them (how they may feel today or their personal preferences), or based on the task I have planned, will they need to move around? How can I display visuals?
  • Materials – Do they have a textbook (assigned audio)? Will I use what’s in it or will supplement it? Will I disregard parts of the chapter? Will I create my own material? Will they create their own material? If so, with what and how? Will I tell them what to create or will they decide?
  • Language – Are we starting with target language in mind? How could I visually or conceptually clarify the language that comes up? Do I have examples or visuals (audio) to help clarify the language skill (i.e.: genre; communicative purpose; register)? Do I want to be explicit (deductive approach) or implicit (inductive approach) with my clarification, or both? Is metalanguage needed (thanks to Chia Suan Chong for this inspiration)?
  • The language lesson – How can I structure my lesson in a way that the learners feel supported yet also challenged? Do they need a heavily structured lesson or do they work well with a more laid back, organic approach? Writing skills – What do they need to know in order to write a successful text? What is the genre or purpose of the text? What kind of language (register, grammar, lexis…) is needed to write in this genre or to communicate a desired message? How much time will I give for thinking, planning, outlining, revising, editing, and sharing with the audience? Will they share their text, and if so with who and how? Reading and listening skills – Is the text meaningful to the learners? Do I need to pre-teach lexis? What language may they find challenging? What skills (prediction, scanning, skimming, listening for details or gist…) will be needed to complete the task? What questions can I ask to help them catch the main idea and specific details? Speaking- What are they trying to communicate? Is it a conversation or a presentation? Is the topic meaningful to the learners? What is the context (i.e.: what is appropriate or inappropriate  language)? Do they have a reason to use the language (i.e.: is someone listening and does that person have a reason to respond)? Do they have enough time to practice the language? How will I help them clarify the pronunciation? 4skills – How will I help learners balance accuracy and fluency? How will I deal with errors? Can they self or peer correct?
  • Approach – How does what I know about how languages are learned inform how I create opportunities for learning (i.e.: input theories, output theories, affective learning theories…)? How will my past experience with learning language inform my approach? What methodologies would would work best considering the needs of my learners (audio-lingual, CLT, TBL, grammar translation…)? How can I mix these up to serve them best?
  • Teacher (self and intentions) – How am I feeling today? What do I need? How do my past experiences influence today’s class, and what am I ready to do about it?

Now for the last question: what am I missing? If you notice I’ve missed an important question, I’d love to hear your thoughts.

Synchronicity Visits a Teacher

Stay Real
subway in Hong Kong

This post is me slowing down and paying attention.

Questioning Teaching: An Attempt to Balance Paradox

The more I teach, the more I realize that a teacher’s job is to balance paradox. A teacher has to be comfortable with a degree of mystery and unanswered questions. At any given moment, one student might connect to what is happening in class, and another might be diametrically opposed. When this happens, what are we supposed to do? This is something I’m thinking a lot about these days.

Below are the paradoxical questions that are on my mind. I’d love to hear your thoughts if you feel inclined to tackle them. Although they are written separately, I also acknowledge the web they weave.

  • What happens when the teacher’s concept of what is fair clashes with a student’s concept of what is fair? When the concept of fairness does not relate to the outcome of one’s learning, does fairness have a position in the argument?
  • What is the teacher’s role when 80% of the class is on board with your methodology and 20% has a distinct aversion to it?
  • How can we address different degrees of ambiguity tolerance between students?
  • As a language skills teacher of in-service English teachers, I try to lead by example, but what is my role or approach when there seems to be incongruence between the teacher-trainees’ training experience, and the experience they are going to meet when they go back to class? How can I give them autonomy over their language learning, when they don’t feel they are in a position to do the same for their students?
  • How do we truly know what students need praise from the teacher, and who is motivated by their own effort?
  • What is my role when students have grown up in a culture of comparison and competition, and this clashes with my beliefs about learning? Where do I look for clarity when the answers evade me? What questions do I ask? When do I ask them?

If you have your own paradoxical questions, feel free to add them in the comment section. Maybe together we can help each other embrace the paradox.

A Final Learning Statement at Centro Espiral Mana, SIT TESOL

On Friday, the February 2013 SIT TESOL course at Centro Espiral Mana ended. When a course closes here, participants are asked to create a final learning statement, summarizing what they have learned over the four weeks. Some participants wrote songs, poems, or essays, some created visual representations, and others recorded narratives. Each of these creations highlighted the inspiring process that goes on at Centro. Tony Paredes — a teacher from Tarapato, Peru — created the comic strip below. I asked Tony if I could share his learning statement  because I thought it was a great example of how some experienced teachers feel after taking this course. As Tony shows us, it’s truly transformative.

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Corporate Governance And Ethics Accounting Essay

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The study of Business ethics teaches us what is right and wrong in terms of doing business with morals, principles, rules and status. It is commonly believed also that whether business practices are acceptable or unacceptable, it is not always forthright. Although, stakeholders judge these practices by performing different roles such as investors, customers, employee, interest groups and the community as right or wrong, ethical or unethical. It also linked to virtue, rectitude, trust, liability, sheerness and social responsibility. Ethical issues are identified by business ethics is the most important issue here. Behaving righteous in business is widely seen and recognised as good business practice. In order to make profits, it is extremely essential to understand the business to certify their ongoing survival. Organisations build their own culture which may become different from those who work within them. The term ethical culture can be consider as the important for the decision making process that employees use to find out either their responses to ethical issues are right or wrong. Ethical culture also catch the norms and values that organization defines as appropriate conduct. Ethics contributes to employee commitment, it comes from employees who trust the organisation and who believe their future is bound to that of the organization, it also reflects employee loyalty and their own self esteem. Moreover, ethics contributes to investors loyalty, today investors are very much concerned about ethics, social responsibility and reputation of the company in they invest and they are looking for good returns. Investors understand that ethical culture provide a platform for efficiency, productivity and profitability. Furthermore, ethics contributes to customer satisfaction, companies need to maintain a good long-term relationship between customers. Trust is a essential part. Being good can be extremely profitable. At the end ethics contributes to profit, companies need to make a strategic planning to maximise profitability. Sufficient amount of evidence shows that having business ethics and being ethical always results in better performance.

Most companies begin the process by developing the codes of conduct. Code of conducts is formal statements that explain what an organisation expects from its employees. It is a written document that may contain inspirational statements that specifies what type of behaviour is acceptable or unacceptable. It is more likely to regulatory set of rules or guidelines. Code of conducts not resolve daily operations of ethical issues but help the managers and employees deal with ethical dilemmas by dictating or confining specific activities. From an Australian perspective: ASX corporate governance principle 3, "promote ethical and responsible decision making recommends companies have a code of conducts''. Codes of conduct suggested the six core values include trustworthiness, respect, fairness, responsibility, caring, and citizenship. Every company have a code of conduct but it is not communicated properly, a code is useless if it is not reinforced each day. Code of conducts improves the decision making and it stops the opportunity for unethical behaviour. companies must communicate the code in language that employees can understood, and companies also revise the code every year with input from organisational members and stakeholders (Ferrel, Fraedrich and Ferrel, 2011, pp.224-226 ).

Student charter lay out the expectations and responsibilities of the students and has been formulated in partnership between the university and the students. The university is committed to give welcoming, academically sound, supportive and safe environment with respect, integrity, fairness and care. To accomplish this, university undertakes to, provide high quality of education experience and also provide accurate and accessible about the assessments, timetables and contents, University consult with students about matters which affect them, carry out easily accessed, transparent and consistent policies, treat personal information confidentiality, provide a study environment free from sexual harassment or discrimination. In return CQUniversity expect from its students, to take personal responsibility for all learning journey and enrolment, behave in a appropriate manner and showing respect and courtesy for both staff and peers, to respect the intellectual property of others and not involve in academic misconduct, to avoid conduct which break the teaching, learning, research activities or safety of others. So, to some extent universities student charter relevant to our study of business ethics.

ââ‚¬Å“Transparency is defined as the basic principle that people who are affected by administrative decisions, charitable work and business transactions know that consists not just the basic facts but it also includes the mechanisms and processes. Therefore,transparency is about the duty of civil servants, managers as well as the trustees to act in a understandable and predictable way.

For example,the easiest method to define the concept of transparent such as the examples of the use of light to pass through and this enable people to see through it. Hence,this concept said in order for the entity to be transparent it objects must be allowed by others to see through.At such,transparency are to be said to works along with integrity. Thus,the more the integrity,the more will be the entity or the person to be said have the values of transparency. Due to the aforesaid closeness, there are lots of people think that transparency is actually about integrity.

Transparency in terms of corporate governance is a 'basic element of a well functioning system of corporate governance'. Moreover, transparency is about answering to society and other interested stakeholders about issues which they believe are of importance. Transparency also ensure timely, exact disclosure on all the material subjects, including the financial situation, performance, ownership and corporate governance. So, it is an ethical obligation. Transparency is very important issue in today's life. If a company is very clear and report material facts easily understood, then stakeholders are willing to invest in the company. In this way it helps in reducing the cost of capital. Transparency helps to avoid the fraud and put measures in place against it. So, these measures put together helps the company to improve productivity.(Solomon 2007, pp. 143)

If a company is transparent and reports the materials to the public such as the stakeholders,the stakeholders will have place a great amount of trust in the management. With that,the stakeholders will have more confident to invest in the company, and therefore it helps to minimise the cost of capital.Transparency are believed to play an important role in avoiding the fraud as well as putting the measures back to the right track. This enable the productive capacity of the firm to increase and work efficiently .

According to Soan,thereââ‚¬â„¢s a big difference between the transparency and disclosure,.This is well explained of the principles being used in companies that deal with the business on Wall Street which make an endless disclosures but theyââ‚¬â„¢re not necessary of using anyone besides the company and people that help to create an opaque documents.

On the other hand,disclosure is as the information being buried in a widely separated places such as a document filled with small types of 400 words. Therefore,transparency is about letting the people know about what they needs in a easy terms in a understandable format followed by the document cover or within the few pages of it.

Its also said that disclosure is a legal obligation where else transparency is an ethical obligation.

Now a days, there is increased importance of disclosure of information to a wide range of stakeholders than in the past. There are two reason behind this. First, in capital market large number of people investing through institutional investors and second is wider use of investment portfolios added many agents in the agency relationship. So, corporate disclosure is essential method of being transparent and communicate with stakeholders. Disclosure refers to any information produced by the companies such as annual reports, it includes directors and financial reports, Voluntary reports, for example, sustainability reports or non-mandated sections in annual reports, Voluntary communications, it includes management forecasts, media releases and last website information that is, any corporate information posted on the website. So, disclosure is a legal obligation (Solomon 2007, pp. 144).

In a cadbury report, increasing corporate transparency is a greater initiative of corporate governance reform in the UK and elsewhere, the report said that,'' The lifeblood of markets is information and barriers to the flow of relevant information represent imperfections in the market, the more the activities of companies are transparent, the more accurately will be their securities be valued''(Cadbury Report, 1992, pp.33). Increased transparency and improved disclosure can be considered through agency theory perspective, stakeholder theory perspective and government reporting. Agency theory refer to relationship between the principal of the company and the agent of the company. Agency costs that outcome from misalignment of objectives and because of separation of management and ownership asymmetry information occurred. From a agency theory perspective disclosure may reduce the problem of asymmetry information that exists between the management and owners of the firms. If good corporate governance in place can help reduce these agency costs. Stakeholders theory require companies to include wider range of stakeholders rather than just the owner of the company. From a stakeholder theory perspective disclosure helps to provide a adequate information to the stakeholders and makes it easier for stakeholders to monitor company management. The company can become true transparent, true efficiency in the market when they disclose information that are honest. In Enron case, management manipulates the financial information in order to show the real image of the company. There are some mandated areas of corporate disclosure for example financial reporting is a legal requirement if someone misrepresented the information then punishments apply not in all disclosure cases.

Borrowing Policy:

The borrowing Policy of the Central Queensland University is under the control of the of the corporate financial needs and objectives. Apparently, the borrowing strategy of the university is to minimize the cost and risk whilst making the optimum use of the external funds.

Authority to borrow:

Before borrowing books and other things Prior to entering into any borrowing arrangements, the necessary approvals of the Treasurer authorising the University to enter into such negotiations must be obtained. To obtain that sanction the University must submit such information as the Treasurer may require. The borrowing must be in Australian dollars and undertaken in Australia.

No one shall seek to negotiate any borrowing arrangement on behalf of the University without the prior approval of Council. Borrowing arrangements may include and are limited to: Advances by way of loan or overdraft from the Treasurer, State Government or a financial institution (including banks).