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Jacob M.

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"I am an incredibly driven and hard working individual who will always hold myself to the highest standards possible. I am currently attending Stanford Medical School in pursuit of my M.D. with a B.S. in mechanical engineering from MIT. I achieved a 39 on the MCAT exam (top 99.7%), near and perfect scores on SAT II math, physics and chemistry exams, top SAT scores and have scored a 5 on all seven AP exams I took (BC Calculus, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Computer Science, U.S. History, and Engli"

fee: $80 (for 60 min)
travel distance: 4 miles
tutoring method: in-person (not online)
member for: 1 year and 3 months

email: on file

Menlo Park, CA 94025

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algebra 1 - algebra 2 - biology - calculus - chemistry - genetics - geometry - Java - MATLAB - MCAT - mechanical engineering - organic chemistry - physical science - physics - prealgebra - precalculus - SAT math


Power Flush

Power flush rod

Power Flush

Power flushing is the de-scaling of your central heating system, which will remove all the debris from within the pipes and radiators. The debris occurs because the central heating system steadily corrodes internal metal surfaces, radiator panels in particular. The sludge then prevents the correct hot water flow around radiator panels reducing heat output.

By power flushing the system correctly with a solution it dislodges and flushes away silt, sediment, corrosion and any other deposits that are within the central heating circuit. This is done by adding a mixture of chemicals to the system, draining it, then running through fresh water and a neutralizing solution, before draining that, and refilling with fresh water and a corrosion inhibitor. AHS Ltd use the top of the range inhibitor, which will give long term protection for your central heating system.

After the power flush has been performed, hot water from your boiler is able to fully circulate around the radiators. This will maximise heat output and efficiency, and in turn saves on your household bills!


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Executive Orders- What You Should Know and Do (or Not Do!)

The executive orders are causing wide spread panic and are seeing confused application of the order at the airports. We are also hearing that processing of immigration cases are being suspended within the US too.  While there is no official letter on the issue, the actions are speaking very loudly.  Here are some things to[…]


LAST_UPDATEThu, 23 Nov 2017 11pm

March Madness: A Swarm Intelligence Is Predicting The Future

When Unanimous AI developed UNU in 2015, the goal was to create artificial intelligence (AI) systems that “keep people in the loop,” amplifying human intelligence instead of replacing it. UNU, the world’s first artificial swarm intelligence, has just been getting better ever since, making a number of remarkably accurate predictions in 2016. This month, UNU has once again proven its prediction capabilities during this season’s March Madness.

Unanimous AI’s March Madness bracket was able to beat all but three percent of ESPN brackets across the country on the first day of the tournament. At the end of Round One, it boasted a record of 28-4 — better than 99 percent of all brackets in ESPN. “This is exactly what we mean when we say that thinking together in UNU amplifies the intelligence of groups, turning regular fans into super-experts,” according to an update on the UNU website.

This accuracy illustrates the power of swarm AI. The technology makes use of the collective intelligence of people — combining “knowledge, insights, and intuitions,” as Unanimous AI puts it — to develop a kind of artificial intelligence that’s inherently human. Essentially, Unanimous AI has developed “a social environment that empowers groups to think together by forming real-time swarms.”

Making predictions is just one of the things this technology can do. Ultimately, it’s a problem-solving tool that combines the minds of groups of people. As Unanimous AI explains, “We empower people to act as ‘data processors’ that come together online and form an intelligent system, connected by AI algorithms. The results are deeper insights, more accurate forecasts, and optimized decisions.”

AI systems can do so much because they are able to quickly form conclusions from a host of samples. Swarm AI combines that with real-time insights from people. It’s an AI that’s not purely artificial, which may prove to be the best kind of AI there is. One day, perhaps we’ll be able to combine the intelligence of Watson with that of a swarm of medical professionals to improve healthcare, or combine the insights of an investment-making AI with a swarm of finance experts. Anything AI can do, swarm AI could potentially do better.


Clinical Symptoms of Ischemic Stroke

Clinical Symptoms of Ischemic Stroke medical treatment and therapy
        Clinical symptoms of ischemic stroke can occur at different locations depending on the neuroanatomical and vascularization were attacked, among others:

1. Anterior cerebral artery
         Anterior cerebral artery is an artery that provides blood supply to an area of the cerebral cortex parasagital, which includes motor and sensory cortex area for the contralateral limb, is also the center of inhibitoris bladder (micturition center).
Symptoms that may arise if the disruption of the anterior cerebral blood flow was contralateral paralysis and sensory disturbances of the lower limbs. Furthermore, it can also be found disruption due to failure of control micturition reflex inhibition of contractions in the bladder, with impacts that are happening presipitatif micturition.
2. Middle cerebral artery
         Cerebral artery is an artery that supplies to most of the cerebral hemispheres and in subcortical structures, which cover an area of cortical division superior, inferior, and lenticulostriate. Symptoms that may arise if the superior cortical divisions that give rise to contralateral hemisensory with similar distribution, but without hemianopia homonimus. If the affected hemisphere is dominant side, symptoms may also be accompanied by Brocca aphasia (expressive aphasia), which has a characteristic form of language expression disorder. Symptoms in inferior cortical division rarely attacked in isolation, can be homonimus contralateral hemianopia, cortical sensory dysfunction, such graphestesia, stereonogsia contralateral, impaired spatial understanding, anosognosia, impaired identification of the contralateral limb, and apraxia. In lesions of the dominant side, it will happen anyway Wernicke aphasia (receptive aphasia).
        When a stroke occurs due to occlusion in the bifurcation or trifurcation (middle cerebral artery branching locations) which is the base of the superior and inferior divisions, there will be a severe stroke. Thus, it will happen and hemisensory contralateral hemiparesis, which involve the face and arm more than the leg, going homonimus hemianopia, and if the dominant side will be global aphasia (perceptive and expressive).
       Occlusion occurs at the base of the middle cerebral artery blood flow would lead to a halt and will branch lenticulostriate get more powerful stroke. As a result, in addition to joint symptoms or occlusion in bifurcatio trifurcatio as mentioned above, also will get symptoms of paralysis of the contralateral leg.

3. Internal carotid artery

        Internal carotid artery is an artery that originate on the end of the common carotid artery divides in two. Internal carotid artery branches into the anterior cerebral artery and the media, as well as a oftalmikus arteries that provide blood supply to the retina. The severity of symptoms caused by occlusion of the internal carotid artery is determined by the existing collateral flow. Approximately 15% of ischemic stroke caused by occlusion of the internal carotid artery will be preceded by a TIA symptoms or symptoms of monocular visual impairment is temporary, that the retina of the eye ipsilateral side.
        Overall, the symptoms is a combination of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and anterior plus symptoms of arterial occlusion oftalmikus emerging as hemiplegia and contralateral hemisensoriy, aphasia, hemianopia homonimus and ipsilateral visual impairment.

4. Posterior cerebral artery
         Posterior cerebral artery is a branch of the basilar artery that provides blood flow to the cerebral occipital cortex, medial temporal lobe, thalamus, and rostral part of the mesencephalon. Embolism originating from the basilar arteries can clog arteries.
         Symptoms that arise in case of occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery causing hemianopia homonimus that the contralateral field of view. While occlusion occurs at the beginning of the posterior cerebral artery on mesensefalon will provide a vertical view of the symptoms of paralysis, cranial nerve disorders oculomotory, oftalmoplagia internuclear and vertical defiation drai eyeball.
      If occlusion of the occipital lobe of the dominant hemisphere, can occur anomic aphasia (difficulty naming objects), alexia without agraphia (can not be read without difficulty writing), visual agnosia (inability to identify objects that are on the left), and as a result of lesions in the corpus callosum causes, broken relationship, the right visual cortex and language areas in the left hemisphere. Second occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery (right and left) resulted in patients experiencing cortical blindness, impaired memory and Prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces is already known).

5. Basilar Artery
      Basilar artery is a combination of a pair of vertebral artery. Branches of the basilar artery providing blood supply to the occipital lobe, temporal lobe media, media thalamus, internal capsule posterior crucible, brain stem and cerebellum.
        Symptoms arise due to occlusion of the basilar artery thrombus causing neurological deficits with bilateral involvement of several arterial branches. Basilar thrombosis affects the proximal portion of the basilar artery that delivers blood to the pons. The involvement of the dorsal pons resulting horizontal eye movement disorders, the vertical nigtagmus, and other ocular movements such as the reactive pupil constriction, which is often accompanied hemiplegi coma and basilar occlusive syndrome with loss of consciousness.
         Embolism from vertebral artery distal basilar artery clogging resulting in decreased blood flow in the ascending reticular formation and thalamus mesencephalon causing loss of consciousness. Whereas smaller embolism may clog more rostral and in such cases, mesencephalon, thalamus, temporal lobe and occipital infarction may experience. This condition can lead to visual disturbances (homonymous hemianopia, cortical blindness), visiomotor (convergent movement disorders, paralysis of vertical vision, diplopia), and behavior (especially disorientation) without abnormal motor disorders.

6. Branch vertebrobasilar circumferential

        Circumferential branches of the vertebral artery and the basilar artery is cerebralis posterior inferior, anterior inferior cerebral and superior cerebral.
         Symptoms caused by posterior inferior cerebral artery occlusion resulted in lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's syndrome). This syndrome can be accompanied by ipsilateral cerebral ataxia, Horner's syndrome, facial sensory defisif, hemihipertesi alternan, nystagmus, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, dysarthria, and hiccups. Anterior inferior cerebral artery occlusion would result in infarction of the lateral side of the caudal pons and cause the clinical syndrome such as facial muscle paresis, paralysis sight, deafness, and tinnitus. Superior cerebral artery occlusion would result in lateral rostral pontine syndrome-like lesions accompanied by the optokinetic nystagmus or skew deviation.

7. Branch vertebrobasilar paramedian
        Paramedian artery branches provide blood flow from the medial side of the brain stem to the base of the ventral surface of the fourth ventricle. Structure in this region include the medial side pedunkulus cerebri, sensory pathways, rubra nuclei, reticular formation, cranial nuclei (N.III, N. IV, N.VI, N.XII).
      Symptoms caused by arterial occlusion depends where occlusion occurs. Occlusion of the mesencephalon cause paresis nerve  oculomotor (N.III) with ipsilateral ataxia. Abdusen nerve paresis (N.VI) and the facial nerve (N.VII) ipsilateral lesions occur in the pons, is hipoglosus nerve paresis (N.XII) occurs when the lesion as high as the medulla oblongata. Clinical manifestations may include coma when the lesion involves both sides of the brain stem.

8. Branches of the vertebrobasilar basalis

          Branching is derived from circumferential arteries entering the brain stem and gave vertebral blood flow brainstem motor pathways. Symptoms are caused by occlusion of the basilar artery contralateral hemiparesis, and cranial nerve if (N.III, N.VI, N.VII) exposure occurs ipsilateral cranial nerve paresis.

9. Lacunar Infarction
        Lacunar infarction often occurs in the nucleus of the brain (putamen 37%, 14% thalamus, caudate nucleus of 10%, 26% pons, internal capsule posterior crucible 10%). There are 4 kinds of lacunar infarction syndrome are pure hemiparesis, pure sensory stroke, ataxic hemiparesis, and dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome.

•    Types of Stroke
•    Ischemic Stroke
•    Post-Acute Phase Therapy of Stroke

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United States Submarine Calendar - USSVI Submarine Squadrons of the Pacific Fleet

2018 Calendar
2018 Calendar
Item# nsk-calendar-18

Product Description

The US Submarine Force is composed of two fleets: Commander Submarine Pacific (ComSubPac) and Commander Submarine Atlantic (ComSubLant). Each fleet contains submarine groups which are made up of submarine squadrons. Up until World War II, and for some time afterward, submarine squadrons might include several Submarine Divisions (SubDivs), often in pairs of submarines. Reserve submarine divisions also existed after World War II.

This year our 12-month calendar focuses on the Squadrons of the Pacific Fleet. Next year we will do the Squadrons of the Atlantic Fleet.

For 118 years, U.S. submariners have provided and continue to provide a vital service to our nation, and we salute them all! Also given are the loss dates for all U.S. submarines sunk or destroyed in addition to other historical dates in both U.S. submarine veteran and U.S. Navy submarine history.


The Dalasi is depreciating

Monday, August 14, 2017

Over the last few months and weeks, we have noticed the depreciation of the Gambian dalasi, which is presently affecting the daily life of people, especially those doing business, as trading in goods and services has become more challenging.

We have noticed that the Euro has gone up by 12 per cent against the dollar and the CFA has also risen in value against the dalasi.

Currently major trading currencies such as the Pound Sterling is bought for D62.50 and sold for D62.00; the dollar is bought for D47.50 and sold for 48.20, the Euro is bought for D54.25 and sold for D55.25; and the CFA (5000) is bought for D410 and sold for D415.

Each day prices are shooting up all because of the instability of the dalasi, which, according to our finding, is precipitated in recent weeks and days mainly by three major factors: preparation for the hajj, for Tobaski and the tourism off season.

It is therefore vital that officials of the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of The Gambia engage in dialogue with foreign exchange dealers to take remedial actions in solving the exchange rate challenge and price escalation.

Although excessive demand for foreign currencies always lead to the depreciation of the local currency it is essential that proper mechanisms are put in place to check the rate or speed at which the local currency is losing its value so that the effect on prices of goods and services is cushioned and managed well, thereby maintaining sanity in the economy and breathing space for the layman who lives on one or two dollars a day.

If ‘artificial’ factors to inflation such as the pilgrimage to Mecca, and preparation for Tobaski could cause serious damage to economic stability and escalate hardship and stress for the people in the country then there is need for serious tact to handle such situations when they are confronted by the nation.

Also, when prices are shot up by factors of inflation it is always difficult to restore the prices of goods and services affected when such factors have also been treated and restored.

This is why we are calling on the relevant authorities to apply their professionalism and knowledge to mitigate this current challenge and get things under control.

“Managing national economy is a feat of tact and tact and tact.”
The Point


Game Design and Prototyping Process

by Gabe Turow, Miriam Melnick, Kevin Lin, Zhixiang Wu

Bounce is a 3-D puzzle game that challenges the player to beat a variety of levels that steadily progress in difficulty and complexity. Using a laser-wand, the player must cause the projectile-launching beam of the laser to bounce off of most or all of the panels in play, and then pass through the torus goal on each level, colliding with the target sphere located at the center of the torus. Players are given the capability to immerse themselves in the game through a sizeable game-board that the user can choose to physically navigate or functionally manipulate through a series of selections and wand-controlled gestures.

We developed our application under the Microsoft XNA framework with the Goblin XNA package. The application is targeted at Nokia Lumia 920 with some additional use of NyARToolKit marker arrays for optical tracking. The user will wear a Nokia Lumia 920 in a stereoscopic viewer attached to their head so both of their hands will be free. One NyARToolKit marker array is used as ground pattern, one is used as virtual hand, and another is used to display menu items. Watch this brief demo to understand the big picture for this project:

Cue Array

A toolbar array will control the trajectory of the projectile beam in the scene. The user is able to freely move this cue array around the scene and consequently the attached shooting wand. By flipping the wand around, the user is given access to an array of menu items in the menu array (see 2). By activating rotation or scaling mode in the menu array and then flipping the wand over to return to the cue array, the toolbar becomes a selection tool with which to select the scene by physically colliding the wand model with the objects in the scene. The cue array and the attached wand then becomes a means of control for rotation or scaling purposes.

Menu Array

The menu array is located on the back of the cue array and acts as a quick means of accessing functions in the scene. Attached to the menu array are four options to rotate or scale the scene, reset the current level to its original scaling and rotation or restart the game entirely.

Ground Array

The ground array defines the scene in which all of the game objects are placed, as well as the area within which the wand attached to the cue array is meant to function.

Selection and Manipulation

We used a “wand” for selection and manipulation. The wand itself shoots a constant stream of particles, which can collide with objects in the scene. In this way, we are using a pointing technique, which was inspired by the related ray cast and pick-to-select paradigm, which dates back to Roberts’ Lincoln Wand (1966). We have no “picking” in our implementation. It always occurs via a collision based on pointing the wand at a particular object.

We started with the plan of using a two handed selection technique, where the left hand did the pointing and the right hand essentially did the “picking” or clutching, which shot the ball.

We found that this was redundant to the function of the laser, and that we didn’t need both a ball and a laser. The laser bounces when it hits any object, so it managed to achieve a similar effect.

As professor Feiner explained in his lecture, the advantages of pointing in this manner are that this allows easy selection/manipulation beyond the user’s reach, and this also requires less physical movement than the virtual hand, because you do not have to move your arms much to make a pointer intersect with the target object. A large drawback of this method is that it is hard to position objects except radially around the user, and it is also difficult to rotate objects other than around a point vector (Vickers, 1972).  Picking in this way allows selection/manipulation beyond the user’s reach and requires significantly less physical movement than the virtual hand.

We began our project by considering the use of an arrow that would track the movement of the ball so the player would always know where it was located.

After trying to implement this version of Arrow Radar we realized that it would be clearer to simply have a cone in the center of the game-board that was always pointing at the ball. That way it wouldn’t take up a large part of your field of view and it would be easy to follow the action no matter what the player’s level of zoom.

This is a simulation of an improved interaction technique that uses the cue to select items, and makes the wayfinding clearer:

After discussing the issue with Carmine, we decided that the center cone was really unnecessary, because the player would always have full view of the playing area, and the cone would simply be pointing at something that would already be in view. If a ball bounced out of bounds, it wouldn’t matter, because the level would be reset anyway. Keeping track of it was rendered irrelevant in the process. Moreover, we decided to drop the ball concept altogether and use a laser instead (the reasons for that decision are explained below).

The laser both functions to show the player what direction their wand is pointing, along with the intended trajectory of any ball launched from the wand. As a continuous laser beam, this simply allows the player to move the wand in an attempt to line up their shot, acting both as a wayfinding tool and as a main game mechanic for shot selection and completion of a level. When the wand is lined up correctly, the player will see the laser bounce between the panels, and through the goal hoop, thereby winning the level.

The borders on the ground plane act to help to show the depth of the playing area. This grid feature in and of itself greatly adds to a player’s sense of depth orientation and sense of position within 3-D space (Darken & Petersen, 2001).

I. Walk Around to Change Angle

The user can walk around the ground array while continuing to look at it. This allows them to walk around the game-board and see it from different angles.

II. Rotate and Zoom the Game-Board

In various situations, seeing from the point of view of the ball would be convenient, as when you sight down a pool cue or look at shot in golf from close to the ground. Instead of moving your body and head into position, which could be awkward at times, you could simply rotate the game-board. The system also allows scale (which is really “dolly” -- the camera moves forward toward the center of the level).

Rotation will be possible over the X, Y, and Z axes. See Kevin Lin’s video explanations below:

The user enters rotate mode through the menu system and this is initiated by selecting the axis of rotation from an array of virtual buttons and moving your cue marker to the right or left to modulate the speed of rotation. Moving to the right of center will increase the rotation speed relative to the distance from the center or null point. The object will rotate in the opposite direction if the player moves their cue left of center. Rotation and zoom buttons placed on an easily accessible menu array located on the opposite side of the cue array. The quick action of flipping the wand around will bring the menu array into view of the scene and a list of functions will appear on the array.  A reset button will also be present on the menu array to move back to the default rotation and zoom.

Here is an example of an early scaling implementation (our game features isotropic scaling, unlike this demo that shows anisotropic scaling):

Our current implementation of scaling follows nearly identically, with the only difference being that scaling occurs uniformly along all axes.

System Conformity to Heuristic Goals

Visibility of system status

The current game level is always displayed in the top left hand corner of the screen as each level begins. When a menu item is selected with the wand, the menu populates with a new list of options (a submenu) with the mode selected by the option displayed at the top of the list.

When a specific manipulation function has been selected, instructional text appears at the bottom of the screen in order to both indicate the selection of the mode as well as guide the user in carrying out the functionality. When contact occurs between the laser and the panels, the player will hear a collision sound - indicating that they are in fact pointed in the right direction and that they have made contact with a game object. When the player successfully lines up their shot with the laser, positioning the laser so that it bounces through the torus, the player will see a laser beam that passes between all of the game-level panels, and they will hear a sound indicating that they have solved the level.

Winning a level will bring up a prompt in the form of a rotating box that tells the player that they have won and are moving onto the next level. The box will instruct the user to hit it in order to advance to the next level.

Match between system and the real world

To manipulate the scene, the player selects “Rotate” or “Scale” from the menu. These are generic, common terms that should not be confusing to the average player. Once a mode has been selected, the player is given the option to “save“ their transformation or “cancel” it. The menu also offers “Reset Level” and “Restart Game” -- the level reset brings the player back to the initial orientation and scale of the level. Restart game take the player back to the first level and starts the game over.

The wand behaves like a laser pointer, in that the laser goes in the direction a player would expect - our system does not have gravity, so our physics is based only around the angle of incidence equaling the angle of reflection - we are used to seeing light reflected in this way. Once we decided to use simple collisions (angle of incidence = angle of reflection), we decided to forgo gravity. Following that decision, we decided that using a “ball” which would normally have weight and move in a parabolic fashion, didn’t make sense because it would be too difficult to aim. Instead, we used a laser beam which bounces with the simpler geometry we had in mind.

Moreover, this system rewards the player who may already have been familiar with the games of pool or miniature golf - their intuitive sense of how a ball bounces off of an angular surface will be preserved. This is like a game of pool where the balls never slow down due to friction, and where you can see the entire trajectory as you line up your shot, rather than requiring the mental visualization of a typical analogue pool game.

User control and freedom

When the menu is activated, the user is presented with options to reset the current level or to restart the entire game.  If the player has activated a submenu, which can be accessed by selecting Rotate, Scale, Reset Level, or Restart Game, they will be presented with a confirm option or a cancel option. This allows the player to easily undo any rotation or scale - any change the player did not intentionally make. Reset Level has the same effect as Reset Scale and Reset Rotate - it simply provides a quick way to reset both the scale and rotation and thus return to the initial configuration. Restart Game, when selected, offers the user a Confirm or Cancel option.

Consistency and standards

Initially, we created icons to represent menu select, rotate, reset, and scale:

Mock-up with onscreen icons. We decided that this would not work given that our stereoscopic viewer has limited screen space.

When we started implementing the menus, and integrated commands like Reset Level, and Restart Game, and we decided that switching to plain english commands made more sense, rather than creating icons for all of our operations or using a combination of text and icons.

This decision was made in an effort to create a consistent user interface that would be simple to understand.

Error prevention

For menu selection, we use a technique where the player blocks a marker to indicate selection. When we started implementing this, we were updating the menu and checking for selection every frame (15-30 times per second). In this time frame, the player would select something in the main menu, then the system would activate the appropriate submenu, and the player would inadvertently select an item in the submenu. 1/15 of a second is too fast enough for a person to move their thumb out of the way.

To eliminate this error-prone condition where menu selections were made accidentally, we modified our selection technique. In the early version, the item was considered selected as soon as the system lost tracking of the appropriate marker. In the new version, the item is considered selected when the system loses tracking of one of the markers and then regains tracking of all four. This means that the player has had time to move their finger out of the way and the submenu is now available for selection.

Our initial game design had the player lining up the shot with a laser sight and then, once satisfied with its placement, shooting a ball at the same angle. However, when the user performed the cue action that shot the ball, they almost always shifted their position and/or angle slightly. This meant that the user could successfully solve the level and then fail because of a small mechanical error. To prevent this error, we got rid of the ball entirely. Now the level is considered solved when the user successfully lines up the laser.

Recognition rather than recall

Our system uses one main menu. When the menu is active, the user sees four options: “Rotate”, “Scale”, “Reset Level”, and “Restart Game”. All of the user’s options are presented. In a submenu, the user does not need to remember any information. They can choose to save their transformation or discard it. At any time, the user can move the menu off-screen (by translating the cue out of the scene or by flipping it over). When the menu comes back on screen, it will always return to the main menu and display all options again.

Flexibility and efficiency of use

The instructions we give to a novice user will allow them to reset their transformations one at a time. To return to the initial configuration of the level, a novice would go to the main menu, select “Rotate”, and select “Reset”. The main menu would then appear again. The novice would then select “Scale” and “Reset”. These actions would successfully return the level to its initial state, but the process involves four selections and the use of two submenus. Alternatively, an advanced user could use “Reset Level” and select “Confirm”. This performs the same action using only two selections and one submenu.

The simplest way to exit the menu is to lower the wand so that it is out of the camera’s field of view. This same action can also be used to deactivate the laser when in “shoot” mode. A novice user could learn this one motion and use it in both modes. A more advanced user could exit the menu by flipping the wand over. This reduces the amount of time necessary to bring the menu back up again. This is in accordance with Fitts’ Law: the target area is the same but the distance to move is much smaller if the wand is still in the scene (Fitts, 1954). Flipping the wand would also have the effect of starting the laser pointer. If this was not desired, the user could turn the wand 90 degrees to either side. There are no markers on the sides of the wand, so this would cause both the laser and the menus to disappear. Another benefit of the flipping-the-wand method is that it allows the user to use their more fine-tuned wrist and hand muscles as opposed to their upper arm and shoulder muscles.


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2010-10: Coalition of Organizations of Blind, Deaf-Blind and Partially Sighted Rights Holders of Canada

Whereas The AEBC has long promoted the development of A concerted and unified approach by organizations "of" blind, Deaf-blind and partially sighted Canadians; and

Whereas, Over the past year, the AEBC has participated actively in the development of a national Coalition led by rights holder organizations "of" Canadians who are blind, deaf-blind and partially sighted; and

Whereas Service providing organizations, including CNIB, can become Associate members of the Coalition, and play a non-voting, supportive role;

Therefore, be it resolved that the members of the Alliance for Equality of Blind Canadians endorses AEBC's participation in this rights holder-led coalition.


How to send money online using debit card

How to transfer money online using debit card - Determine the best domestic transfer services, we examined the following features for 11 providers: fees, delivery speed of cash or money to recipient's bank account, user reach (where transaction data were available), sending amount limit and security measures. Venmo is perhaps the simplest, but still requires that your recipient to download the app, add a bank account, wait for the money to arrive, and then "cash out" — which means moving the money to your bank account. . with your Green Dot card: itYou can trust that we maintain strict editorial integrity in our writing and assessments; however, we receive compensation when you click on links to products from our partners and get approved. The second one refers to the difference between the exchange rate used by financial institutions transferring money among themselves, called the “midmarket rate,” and the exchange rate that's marked up and given to you.

Free Money Transfer from credit card, debit card aur bank to bank

online money transfer from debit,credit card and from bank to bank.


6 Brilliant Authors Who Died Penniless

Talk about being ahead of their times…
Talk about being ahead of their times…
6 Brilliant Authors Who Died Penniless

The many authors we hail today as cultural and literary geniuses are often assumed to have been recognized as such during their lifetimes, living successful – at least financially successful - lives. However, that assumption is often not the case. The five authors below were not as popular during their lives as they are now after their deaths, and all of them died with hardly any (or no) money to their name. They were, unfortunately, too far ahead of their times.

1. Oscar Wilde (1854 – 1900)

Though Wilde’s literary works were just becoming popular around the time he died, he was already notorious for being changed with and convicted of homosexual behavior. The legal proceedings and following two year imprisonment left Wilde broke, and he died at the age of 46 alone in a hotel room. Unfortunately for Wilde, he was the one who started the court proceedings. Wilde had been accused of sodomy by the Marquees of Queensbury, whose son was having a liaison with Wilde. Wilde’s decision to sue Queensbury backfired when the latter was able to prove in court that the charge was true. The frequent irony in Wilde’s plays seems to have taken the same course in his own personal life.

2. Edgar Allan Poe (1809 – 1849)

Poe struggled financially throughout his life, beginning with his college education as stated by the Poe Museum in Richmond. However, he solved those debts by means of gambling. After taking a position as a magazine editor later in life, his fiscal woes continued even though he became more popular after publishing “The Raven.”  However, when he was only 40 years old, he died mysteriously during a stop in Baltimore burdened by the death of his wife, the failure of his magazine publication, and circulating rumors concerning his morals. Thus, it is not a surprise that when he passed he was basically broke. He was found in an alley and died a few days later alone in the hospital.

3. O. Henry (1862 – 1910)

William Sydney Porter, better known by his pen name of O. Henry, started to find success as a writer of short stories at an unfortunate time in his life. Prior to trying his hand at writing, he worked at the First National Bank of Austin and was accused of embezzlement. These accusations came to fruition just as editors were beginning to buy his stories. After being released from prison after three years, he remarried (his first wife had died before he went to prison). However, this second marriage was plagued with financial woes and alcoholism, as Porter was able to control neither his spending nor his drinking. He died at the age of 48 after suffering from several health problems, including diabetes, heart, and kidney issues.

4. Zora Neal Hurston (1891 – 1960)

Best known for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston died at the age of 69 with many financial troubles. Their Eyes Were Watching God’s publishing was the climax of her career, as other works failed to produce an income for her. After suffering several strokes, Hurston was forced to move into her county’s welfare home where she died. She was buried in an unmarked grave and did not become widely known until almost two decades after her death.

5. Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862)

Commonly known for his naturalism and simplicity, it should come as no surprise that Henry David Thoreau had financial troubles all throughout his life. However, when he died at the early age of 44 from Tuberculosis, he seemed to be at peace with his lack of care for money. From the time that he was born, he was poor. His father was a failed entrepreneur, and after two of his siblings died, Thoreau was able to attend Harvard University only because of a generous scholarship. After college, Thoreau began teaching and writing poetry – neither of which made him much money. Shortly after quitting teaching, he moved into a room at his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson’s home and lived there on Emerson’s land (and dime) for many years.

6. Herman Melville (1819 – 1891)

Even though Herman Melville is internationally acclaimed today, he was basically unkown while he was alive and throughout the years immediately following his death. When New York City ran his obituary in the newspaper in 1891, they misprinted his name as Henry instead of Herman. Even though he did spend a few years of his life traveling to the Polynesians and other exotic places (which inspired him to write his popular sea adventure and whaling novels), he was broke when he died in New York City.

[Image credit: Jay Black via Wikimedia Commons]

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Population, wellbeing, and climate change mitigation

A study examines the association between climate mitigation decisions and the number of individuals predicted to be affected by climate change in the future. Little is known about the relationship between population growth and the value of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Noah Scovronick and colleagues used a climate-economic model to study the links between population growth, population ethics, and climate policy. The model suggests that the social cost of carbon dioxide--a measure of the cost of climate change--increases with population growth, increasing more rapidly if humanity's goal is to maximize the total stock of wellbeing--as reflected by happiness, health, and wealth--within a population as opposed to the average level of people's wellbeing. The model indicates that substantial savings in climate mitigation costs can occur annually if society achieves minimal population growth as opposed to intermediate population growth. However, decisions regarding population and climate policy are likely to depend on the ethical approach to valuing population that is adopted, according to the authors.

Article #16-18308: "Impact of population growth and population ethics on climate change mitigation policy," by Noah Scovronick et al.


Shelley’s Aesthetic Dimension: The Politics of Resistance and Reform

Given the resurgence of interest in the relation between Shelley’s political essays and poetry, what concept of relationality can be posed to move beyond an old, entrenched opposition between the social commitment of prose and the abstract withdrawal of poetry to theorize a novel form of “political poetics”? In what ways do Shelley’s reflections on the history of modern revolution inform his ideas of literary experience and political subjectivity? How, moreover, does Shelley’s work provoke what he outlines in A Defence of Poetry (1821) as “a beneficial change in opinion or institution” through aesthetic experience, without falling prey to an escapist flight into inwardness? Taking these questions as points of departure, this essay traces within Shelley’s work a theory of aesthetic resistance by reading between his historical-political reflections on the British reform movement in A Philosophical View of Reform (1819-20) and his critical aesthetics. The essay also explores how Shelley’s appeal to an aesthetic dimension in politics creates new modes of experience that resist forms of inhumanity by making visible the otherwise invisible wrongs suffered by groups who remain excluded from participation in the public commons.


Stealth Taxes Consume Stock Gains and Retirement Plans, Part 1

By: Daniel Amerman | Thu, Sep 12, 2013
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Why is there a fundamental mismatch between stock market performance as reported in financial headlines - and the actual retirement behavior of the many millions of Americans who own those stocks in their portfolios?

Using 15 years of stock market performance data and the type of analysis tools used by sophisticated wealth management professionals, we will solve that mystery in this research-based tutorial. The results may come as a major surprise, even for well read and financially literate investors who have been buying stocks for decades.

On the one hand, stocks have been in a sustained rally, with the markets recovering from the depths of 2008 and 2009 and finally moving on to all new highs. This should have created enormous wealth for tens of millions of long-term retirement investors who have stock-heavy investment portfolios in their retirement accounts.

Yet at the very same time, according to recently released government data as reported in Bloomberg and the Washington Post, the fastest growing group of workers in the United States is older than age 65, up 67% in 10 years, and their average weekly pay has climbed from $502 to $825 over that time.

Over a decade, there has been a three-part change in behavior among those aged 65 and older, with a reduction in the percentage of those retiring, an increase in full time work rather than part time work, and incomes that are higher than those of all workers on average. So people with higher wages than the rest of the population are not only not retiring, they are increasingly not slowing down either, but are continuing full time jobs.

Now where the mystery comes in, is that people who are older than 65 with successful careers and good incomes are the exact same people who would be expected to have substantial stock portfolios in their retirement accounts. So if stocks have in fact been creating so much wealth in recent years, why is it that the same segment of the population that owns the largest amount of those stocks are in practice the same group that is changing their retirement behavior in order to prolong their careers and keep their full income coming in?

The explanation of the mystery can be found in the graph above, which is based upon historical performance of the Standard & Poor's 500 index from the end of 1997 through the end of the 2012, as well as official US government inflation statistics for those same 15 years. As such, the graph should act as a reasonable proxy for the real world long term performance results achieved by tens of millions of American investors during those years.

Based on an assumed starting portfolio value of $100,000, the blue bar reflects expectations for the compounding of wealth through stock investment. It assumes an 8% average return - which has been a quite common assumption, particularly 15 years ago.

The red bar shows actual real-world performance on a total return basis, with price movements in the S&P 500 index, dividend payments and the reinvestment of dividend payments. It is much lower than expectations, but still substantially positive.

The purple bar shows what really matters - the purchasing power of average stock market investments on an after-tax and after-inflation basis. As shown above, in the real world for many millions of investors, the purchasing power of long term stock market profits has been virtually non-existent. If we compare what really matters - which is what money will buy for us on an after-tax basis - then real gains are a mere 7% of expected wealth gains.

The purple bar is what reconciles the mystery, and explains the divergence between the headline illusion of major profits and the reality of actual after-tax purchasing power in retirement that is currently driving the behavior of millions of investors.

As we will explore, the ultimate bottom line number of what our investments will buy for us after we've paid our taxes has been dominated by something that few average individual investors fully understand, which is the powerful and deceptive relationship between inflation and taxes.

What may come as a particular surprise is that these dramatic results are entirely based upon the officially reported 2.42% average rate of inflation over the 15 years. If our personal experience with increases in prices leads us to suspect a higher real inflation rate, then real world performance becomes even worse than what is shown herein.

As shown in the above graph, inflation creates "Stealth Taxes" on stocks, which are far higher than stated tax rates, and which slash real after-tax stock returns. These hidden taxes aren't a line item in either brokerage statements or tax returns, but they have in fact consumed much of the purchasing power of long-term investment profits - and retirement plans - for an entire nation.

Three Levels Of Illusion

When it comes to long-term stock performance since the late 1990s, while paper gains may look impressive, there are in fact three levels of illusion, as covered in three interrelated articles of mine. This is the third article in the series, and can be read on its own without having read the other two, but the complete picture can best be seen when all three are considered together.

The first level of illusion has to do with real price gains. And as explored in, "How Financial Reality Is Hidden By Commonly Used Theory And Jargon", in point of fact when it comes to the two largest components of net worth for US citizens - stocks and home values - real changes in price levels have been negative for the 22 out of 40 years studied between 1972 and 2012.

The second level of illusion is discussed in "Creating Wealth With Stocks: Expectations Versus The New Reality", which is when we look at the long-term compounding of wealth in the stock market since the end of 1997, while on the surface the results look reasonably good, the bottom line was actually a failure to deliver 65% of the results that were expected by long-term investors as well as pension funds.

Having two thirds of their expected pre-tax wealth gains go missing for 15 years in the critical later years of their working career is, in reality-based terms, a major explanation for why so many people are no longer retiring when they had expected to, despite decades of disciplined savings and investments.

The third illusion has to do with what real tax rates are on after-inflation income.

To understand what is happening, let's begin by taking a look at the graph and chart below for the Standard & Poor's 500 between the end of 1997 and the end of 2012.

The Standard & Poor's 500 at the end of 1997 had a value of 970, and by the end of 2012 had reached a value of 1426 (as shown in yellow), which was in nominal terms a quite impressive gain of 47%. However, once we adjust for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar, then using official US government inflation statistics (the CPI-U as calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics), a dollar by the end of 2012 would only purchase what 69.9 cents would have purchased 15 years before. So when we take our ending index value of 1426, and we adjust for the change in purchasing power, our ending purchasing power is only 997 (as shown in blue), or a gain of 27.

Out of what appears to be a 47% gain, then, once we adjust for the changing purchasing power of the dollar, only 2.7% of the gain turns out to be real. And the remaining 44.3% was really just illusion in the form of inflation. We basically just maintained our purchasing power and came out a slight bit ahead. (The previously linked "How Financial Reality Is Hidden By Commonly Used Theory And Jargon" has much more on this illusion.)

However, even though it is governmental monetary and fiscal policy that creates inflation, the Internal Revenue Service does not recognize the existence of inflation when it comes to taxes on investment gains.

Assuming we started with an initial investment of $100,000, if the stocks in our portfolio performed exactly like the stocks comprising the S&P 500, then on a price-only basis our ending portfolio value would have been $146,965. Subtracting the initial investment leaves us with $46,965 in profits, as shown in the dark blue bar on the above graph and line (2) on the chart.

When we take the declining purchasing power of the dollar into account, it turns out that $44,228 of our "profit", is really just keeping up with inflation. (The red bar and line 3.) To find this number we start with our ending portfolio balance of $146,965, and we adjust for inflation by multiplying by 69.91%, for an end result of $102,737, which is the real value of our portfolio in inflation-adjusted dollars, with the difference between $146,965 and $102,737 being $44,228.

After adjusting for inflation, we find that our real profits (pretax) are in fact only $2,737, as shown in the green bar and line 4. (We can derive this number by either subtracting the inflation number in line 3 from the nominal profits in line 2, or simply by taking our ending $102,737 inflation-adjusted portfolio value, and subtracting our initial $100,000 investment.)

The four right-hand columns in the chart are for varying tax rate assumptions, on a combined state and federal basis. We will be using the assumption of a 30% tax rate for this walk-through.

Now even though inflation is caused by the government through a combination of fiscal and monetary policy, the Internal Revenue Service does not recognize inflation as a deduction. Therefore, it treats the entire $46,965 shown in line 2 as being taxable income. When we apply a 30% tax rate (assumed combined federal and state marginal rates) to this, we come up with $14,089 in taxes due, as shown in line 5, as well as the purple bar of the graph.

Because we are looking at real profits in inflation-adjusted terms (the value of the dollar at the end of 1997), we need to also look at taxes in terms of 1997 dollars in order to keep an "apples to apples" comparison. Multiplying the 2012 taxes by our inflation deflator of 69.9%, gives us real taxes of $9,849, as shown in line 6 and the aqua colored bar.

When we subtract these inflation-adjusted taxes (line 6) from our inflation-adjusted income (line 4), we find that the real after-inflation and after-tax bottom line is a loss of $7,112. On a reality basis, then, we didn't make 47% - but rather we lost 7% of our original investment.

A 100% income tax rate on real (after-inflation) profits would have taken our entire 2.7% in real profits, leaving us at breakeven. With a 7% loss, however, we did worse than break even. Therefore, our real tax rate must actually be higher than 100% of our real income.

When we divide real taxes (line 6), into real income (line 4), we get the real tax rate on real income. For our 30% tax rate example, then, we divide $9,849 in inflation-adjusted taxes by $2,737 of inflation-adjusted income, and perhaps to our surprise, we find that our real tax rate is 360%, as shown in line 8 of the chart, and also illustrated in the graph above.

As further shown in the chart and graph, for the 15 years analyzed and looking at actual price changes in the Standard & Poor's 500 index, a 15% stated tax rate translated into a real tax rate of 180%, while a 20% stated tax rate translated into a 240% real tax rate, and a 40% marginal (federal and state) stated tax rate became a 480% real tax rate.

Fully taking inflation and stock index price changes into account, the real impact of the increase in the long-term capital gains tax rate in the United States wasn't to go from 15% to 20%, but rather from 180% to 240%.

The real tax rates may look fantastically high when compared to stated tax rates, but the source is easy to see - once we know what to look for. Simply return to our "Real After-Inflation And After-Tax Profits" graph and visually compare the towering size of the red "Inflation" bar, to the thin little sliver of the green "Pre-Tax Real Profits" bar.

It's not just that impressive looking price gains were almost entirely based on the destruction of the value of the dollar hiding miniscule real returns, but worse - that illusion of income is fully taxable. The red bar in the graph above is every bit as taxable as the green bar. And once income taxes are paid on the towering phantom income of inflation, the result is that all of our real income was taken by the government, and a great deal more besides.

So when inflation-based "profits" widely exceed real profits, there is a compounding effect on real tax rates that greatly exceeds the stated increase in tax rates. Which is why real capital gains tax rates rose by 60% for the period analyzed, rather than the stated 5% increase.

If financial reality is defined (as it should be) as what our investment profits will buy for us after we've paid our taxes, then for the 15 years analyzed - reality simply hasn't been working the way most investors think it has been.

The second half of the article is linked below. In this next half we:

Provide an alternative way of understanding - and verifying - the results;
Explore three real world factors that may materially change the results for individual investors; and
Discuss two major implications of this type of analysis for investors.

Continue Reading The Article

Daniel Amerman

Author: Daniel Amerman

Daniel R. Amerman, CFA

Dan Amerman

Daniel R. Amerman is a financial futurist, author, speaker, and consultant with over 20 years of financial industry experience. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), and holds MBA and BSBA degrees in Finance from the University of Missouri. He has spent seven years developing a large, unique and intertwined body of work, that is devoted to using the foundation principles of economics and finance to try to understand the retirement of the Baby Boom from the perspective of the people who will be paying for it.

Since 1990, Mr. Amerman has provided specialized quantitative consulting services to financial institutions, with a particular emphasis on structured finance. Previously, Mr. Amerman was vice president of an institutional investment bank, with responsibilities including research, synthetic securities, and capital market originations.

Two of Mr. Amerman's previous books on finance were published by major business publishers. "COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS, Unlock The Secrets Of Mortgage Derivatives", was published by McGraw-Hill in 1995. Mr. Amerman is also the author of "MORTGAGE SECURITIES: The High-Yield Alternative To CDs, The Low-Risk Alternative To Stocks", which was published by Probus Publishing (now a McGraw-Hill subsidiary) in 1993. Advertised by the publisher as a professional "bestseller" for four quarters, an Asian edition was sold as well.

Mr. Amerman has spoken at numerous professional seminars and conferences nationwide, for a variety of sponsors including New York University, the Institute for International Research, and many others. After the publication of his prior books, he acted as keynote speaker at a number of banking related conferences over the next several years.

This article contains the ideas and opinions of the author. It is a conceptual exploration of general economic principles, and how people may - or may not - interact in the future. As with any discussion of the future, there cannot be any absolute certainty. What this article does not contain is specific investment, legal or any other form of professional advice. If specific advice is needed, it should be sought from an appropriate professional. Any liability, responsibility or warranty for the results of the application of principles contained in the website, pamphlets, videos, books and other products, either directly or indirectly, are expressly disclaimed by the author.

Copyright © 2006-2016 Daniel R. Amerman, CFA

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Law Notes (LL.B Notes)

lawEven although Benedict was not a lawyer, he had no doubt that his tenant was breaking the law and decided he had no choice but to get in touch with the police. As a result, in this way a police officer under sec 41(1) can arrest any person with no the order or warrant of a magistrate. An additional effect of this tragic perversion of the law is that it provides an exaggerated importance to political passions and conflicts, and to politics in basic. The rules of International Law and treads have been primarily based in a diverse techniques e.g. Therefore, it is a concept which necessarily calls for an observer, as all ideas do. Math is derived solely by way of logical application of its axioms to derive higher order expressions. If this is accurate, then nothing at all can be much more evident than this: The law is the organization of the organic proper of lawful defense. All statements of inference within a System of Logic are practically nothing but higher order DERIVATIONS from their axioms.

It was not until my 37 year old son lived wit me a year and physically assaulted me that I could get a protection order and have him removed from my home. But this rule has handful of exceptions to it which indicates that beneath specific circumstances a individual can be arrested without having the order of the magistrate or with out warrant. Highlighting the importance of judicial activism of the Apex court and High court Sh. K. Ramaswamy Justice observed that, The judge can’t retain his passive function when he administers the law below the constitution to give effect to the constitutional ideals. This mass of rotten and contradictory statements is extracted from a discourse by Robespierre in which he aims to clarify the principles of morality which ought to guide a revolutionary government. Example is the Law that details out what to be completed and those not to be completed in a family. To extend indefinitely the domain of the law that is, the responsibility of government.

The Creator of life has entrusted us with the duty of preserving, building, and perfecting it. In order that we might accomplish this, He has supplied us with a collection of marvelous faculties. This is the vital correct of equality without the interference of the government, and particular all-natural rights can not be removed without due process of the law. His initial night back after I kicked him out and locked the door, he stayed below my back deck on the patio in his sleeping bag, on the lawn chair that folds out.

Each summaries (head-notes) determine aspects of the law associated to unreasonable searches and seizures. Soon after passing the Bar, you can practice law in your state and require specific permission to pracice in an additional state when necessary. In the legal sector then it seems probably that lawyers will survive but increasingly be limited to locations involving interaction with humans, extracting the info to input into a trial prediction system, constructing empathy with a client, preparing them for cross examination and so forth with an AI as an assistant that can uncover details the lawyer can use. These Anglicans creating substantial use of Canon B5 had been of course acting entirely within and according the law (juxta legem) of that Ecclesial Community. Anglican institutions and communities are not, by their extremely nature, capable of receiving Roman Catholic Canon Law.

It is kinda scary how this could be accurate and the CIA could have been orchestrating the complete point because 9/11 which allot of conspiracy theorists say was staged by the CIA in order to put in motion these events. I. On the basis of self defence ii) On the basis of humanity iii) for application of treaty rights iv) to stop illegal intervention v) to preserve balance of power vi) to defend folks and their property vii) collective intervention viii) to safeguard International Law ix) at the time internal war. Customary guidelines of International Law are now getting replaced by law creating treaties and conventions. Victoria University Faculty of Law Senior Lecturer Dr Joel Colón-Ríos has been awarded a $420,000 Marsden Fund grant to support a analysis project on constituent energy and the law.


1. Design & Illustration
  2. Designing

Combine Stock Photography to Create an Abstract Poster Layout

Today, we will demonstrate how to combine several stock photos to create an abstract poster layout. Let’s get started!

Tutorial Assets

The following assets were used during the production of this tutorial.

Step 1

We'll want to start off with a base outline for our triangle. We're going to use the pen tool to create the triangle, but before we do that, let's bring out the ruler tool (Cmd/Ctrl + R). We want to get the dimensions of the triangle right and even, so we're going to use the ruler lines to help us. Bring down the lines, and secure the dimensions you want the triangle to be. Once you have this tiny grid to help you, grab the pen tool. For the bottom left and right edges of the grid, use the pen tool to chart the paths. Then you identify the center and lead the paths to the upper-middle of the box. Make sure to stroke this path (1px hard round) and not to fill it.

Step 2

This is where the fun starts happening. Remember that this triangle was merely a base outline for our actual one. We're going to make it a lot more interesting. First, let's create some small lines that follow the outline of the original triangle. You can place them in any direction you want, just make sure it follows the size and keeps the form of a triangle. Look at the image below for reference.

Grab your pen tool again. We're going to use it to create and FILL some random shapes for the triangle. Just go wild! Curve the edges, make it weird, abnormal, different. This is where your artistic freedom comes in. Don't restrict yourself. Delete the original base outline when you're finished.

Step 3

Take out your eraser tool. This will help us create some contrast in the shapes. Make the eraser brush a 1px hard round. Use it to erase small little lines that cut parts of the shape off from one another. If you own a tablet, this works really well with the pen pressure settings.

Step 4

We're going to want to create another triangle to add some dimension to the piece. This time, it's going to be larger and far less occupied with the random shapes. Follow step one again to make sure that the dimensions are exact and even. Once you have your new triangle, cut off about a 1/3 portion of one of the line segments. This will be the area where we add the shapes.

Step 5

Now we're going to create another batch of shapes. Once again, don't hold yourself back. Of course, keep the consistency in shapes, but make sure to create originality in every little curve. One thing to take note is to make the shapes larger than the last. This will help add depth to the piece. Once the shapes are finished, proceed with the eraser technique again.

Step 6

Add a new triangle in the center of the piece. This will be the smallest of the triangles, but the focal point of the whole design. This time, the triangle will be filled in rather than stroked.

Step 7

This is where brushes take their role. Download the brushes offered in the tool assets and load them into Photoshop. These will help add to the grungy atmosphere of the design. They will mainly be used to bring more attention to the center of the focal. We're going to place them both in and around the middle triangle. Grab a brush you like and use it on the triangle. I picked one that wasn't too complex and not too simple, just right.

Step 8

The inside of the triangle is our most important focus in this whole design. It absolutely must be attractive as it is your main focal point! Make it look good! What I did was Cmd/Ctrl select the layer, and used the brushes to create some kind of dark place confined only to that one part in the piece. As though it's slowly creeping its way outwards. Mix the brushes up. To add some more value, I duplicated the triangle layer and made it white. Then I created a new layer and pasted my brushes on. One thing to take note of is to make sure that the triangle layer is selected as an outline so that your brushes don't go out of bounds of the shape. Then I grabbed the eraser tool (soft round brush) and erased to darken parts of the triangle. This helped to add value rather than just having the whole thing white or black.

Step 9

Download the roots stock photo from the tool assets. Open it up in Photoshop. We're going to use the magnetic lasso tool to cut the roots we want out. This doesn't have to be perfect. If you've got some clipping that you don't want, just use the eraser tool to get rid of it. Zoom in if necessary!

Step 10

Paste the roots into our document. Place it on one of the shapes in the second triangle. Resize and transform accordingly.

Step 11

Now, I know what you're thinking! That branch doesn't look blended in very well. I told myself the same thing. What we're going to do is create a new layer and make a clipping mask for the root layer. Grab your brush tool with black as your colour and paint over the end where the branch protrudes outwards from the shape. This will help make it look as though it's actually coming out of it.

Step 12

Repeat steps 9-11 two more times. We want three of these root photos in the image.

Step 13

We're going to use the brushes again. Find a brush you like. Erase everything but one splatter. The brush is going to be used as a rap around for the roots. Cmd/Ctrl select one of the roots layers. Make sure that you are on your brush layer! Now erase the part of the brush every other time it laps over the root.

Step 14

Do step 13 one more time on another root. We're not going to do it for all the roots so we can add some contrast in the piece.

Step 15

Let's add a few adjustment layers shall we? Both are set on normal 100% opacity. Make sure that the black-white gradient map is on top of the grey-white gradient map.

Step 16

A little bit of colour would do wonders to this piece. Grab the single row marquee tool and dab it anywhere on the canvas. We only need one. Now, grab the paint bucket tool and choose a nice blue hue. Use it on the line. Free transform the line and make it fall accordingly onto the middle triangle.

Step 17

Duplicate the line layer two more times. Move the first up a bit and the other down a bit. Make sure to add some further effect by changing where the lines end and start with the eraser tool and down a little bit, changing where it ends and doesn't with the eraser tool. Mix it up!

Step 18

Create some circles with low opacities and place them in spots to identify to the viewer a further visual concept. Small things like these make all the difference.

Step 19

Create a new layer and grab the brush tool. Use a soft round brush to dab two soft circles onto the hard ones. Set the layer to soft light. This helps add value.

Step 20

Before we add some perspective to the piece, we're going to want to turn off the layer with the blue line that's furthest away from the others. The perspective tool throws off the angle and makes it look warped since it's so far away from the two other lines. Turning it off, giving it perspective, then turning it back on will fix this. Look at the image below for reference.

Step 21

Now create a new layer and apply image. Use the perspective tool (Edit > Transform > Perspective) and grab on of the two bottom points on the canvas. Bring your mouse closer towards the middle. You'll notice that this changes the image to follow the point paths. Where they go, the image goes, and thus creating perspective. The whole image looks a lot better when things decrease and increase in sizes. Depth in the objects is key to making a good piece.

Step 22

There are some clipping errors here. Using the perspective tool has shown us the other layers (look at above image)! We don't want this. An easy way to fix this is to Cmd/Ctrl select the layer, go to select, and hit inverse. This will make it so that everything you do will only affect what's outside of what was originally selected. Perfect for paint bucketing white in! Grab the paint bucket tool, change your color to white, and click once on the canvas.

Step 23

Turn the blue line layer back on. Drag it to the top, above the perspective layer, and free transform/place accordingly.

Step 24

Here's where everything comes together. Open up the hand stock photo in Photoshop. The magnetic lasso tool is going to be used again to cut the hand out from the image. Don't be afraid to zoom in and get those difficult small spots!

Step 25

Now, there's not as much strain in the hand as we would like there to be, so let's go and touch it up a bit. I used the lasso tool to cut the fingers out and transformed them further away from each other, rotating them when necessary to fit the mood of a hand trying to reach out of the triangle. It's nice to use the clone stamp tool for this part, as it helps blend in areas with others. The dodge and burn tools are crucial for this step. They help reveal certain creases in the hand, and intensify the lighting. Remember that you're going for a dirty, flexed hand look! The image below should help give you an idea:

Step 26

Place the new and improved hand into the original design. We want to get a nice position of the hand in the middle of the triangle, so take your time and make sure it's the best position possible.

Step 27

You want the hand to fit into the triangle and appear as though it's coming out. To do this, grab the pen tool. Create a new layer and outline the middle triangle. Fill it with black. This will be used as a nice base to help us erase the hand. When you have it filled, Cmd/Ctrl select the layer and inverse it. Now select the hand layer and erase the bottom part where it starts to pass the base of the triangle. Once done, delete the black triangle fill.

Step 28

Here's the part where you can go back and do a few touch ups. Maybe add some adjustment layers, transform/erase areas you don't like, etc.

Step 29

We're nearing completion! All we have to do is add a few textures to the background to make it more interesting. Download both of the textures from the tool assets and open them up in Photoshop. Go ahead and change their sizes, rotate them around. Just be sure to erase with a soft brush the middle so it doesn't obscure the design and make it faded. Adding a really light yellow to brighten it up on all ends helps a lot. Once again, this is only for the ends of the canvas, not the middle.

Add a border to bring everything together.

Looking for something to help kick start your next project?


Home Movies Indian Actors Who Acted in Most Movies

Indian Actors Who Acted in Most Movies

Its been 100 years since the concept of film arrived to India.From then on,we have seen a revolution of experiments and exceptional acting sprees over these decades-from Dada Saheb Phalke to many other eminent personalities.It gave the life to  many people and even some of them completely ended up their life for the films.There are a lot of film industries over India based on the languages.Taking in count of these film industries,there were many astonishing actors and actresses.Here you can find the actors and actresses who acted in most no:of films.

1. Sukumari

One of the greatest actresses of all the time Sukumari,who hails from the God’s own country,Kerala.She prominently acted in the Mollywood and went on to act in almost 10 languages. A stupendous career spanning over 6 decades clearly shows her dedication to the industry and completed more than 2500 films. Apart from films she had also acted in excess of 1000 plays. Unfortunately we lost this class actress in the midst of 2013.

2. Adoor Bhasi

Adoor Bhasi, one of the most prominent actor of the earlier 70’s and 80’s. It’s a quiet unknown matter for the present generation that he’s one of the fewest actors who have acted both films and plays with an equal pace. To take a note, he has acted in more than 2000 films and in excess of 1500 plays. He also represents the Malayalam movie industry which itself shows the dedication and accent shown by South Indian industries.

3. Jagathy Sreekumar

jagathy sreekumar

One of the greatest actors of the Mollywood Jagathy Sreekumar, who had started his career through a string of small roles, then transformed into one of the Best comedian actor the country had ever seen.From his experience and versatility he went on to prove his acting through variety of roles from villain to character roles etc. He has acted in 1300 plus films throughout the career.Following an accident, he is being chair-ridden for over 3 years and the entire industry is eagerly waiting for his mighty return.

4. Brahmanandam Kanneganti

Brahmanandam Kanneganti

One of the finest comedian actor the country has ever produced, Brahmanandam Kanneganti. He predominantly works in the Telugu film industry and is well known for humorous roles and his unique style of acting. He currently holds the Guinness world record for the most screen appearances by a living actor. He has completed a tally of 1100 plus movies to his credit and still continues to entertain all of us.

5. Aachi Manorama

aachi manorama

Aachi Manorama, the legendary actress of the Tamil film Industry comes next to this statistics. From the child artist to the important factor of the Tamil movies, she had completely sacrificed her life for the movie fraternity. She had portrayed her face in more than 1000 films around 5 plus languages.

6. Kuthiravattam Pappu

kuthiravattam pappu

Pappu,popularly known as “Kuthiravattam Pappu ” was an extremely talented actor Mollywood industry has ever donated. He himself acclaimed to be most appreciated actor through his undisputed style of acting. Throughout his career spanning over four decades, he has signed his presence in more than 1000 films. Apart from this mind-blowing tally, he modified the accent of acting in more than 1500 plays.


Scitech | Unwinding the enigma of “junk” DNA

A re-examination of the most abundant and overlooked regions of a plant’s genome

The negative connotation surrounding non-coding DNA – the components of DNA that don’t encode protein sequences – is almost as ubiquitous as the genetic material itself. Despite constituting the vast majority of living organisms’ genomes, these long stretches of DNA have gained a bad reputation, often being referred to as ‘the stuff between genes’ and even ‘junk’ DNA. Scientists have only recently begun to unveil the significance of this seemingly nonfunctioning DNA, discovering that in the world of genetics, it is far from being ‘junk.’ One of the researchers working to re-invent the way we view non-coding DNA is Thomas Bureau, a professor in McGill’s molecular biology department.

Heading the Value-directed Evolutionary Genomics Initiative (colloquially referred to as “VEGI”), Bureau and his team of specialized researchers aim to pinpoint the functional and agricultural significance of non-coding DNA within several species of the Brassicaceae family, informally known as the mustard flowers. Bureau and his team primarily focus their studies on the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana (commonly known as mouse-ear cress). Although Arabidopsis is viewed as nothing more than an everyday weed, it is a close relative of many economically important food crops such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and mustard. Through this research, Bureau hopes to not only better understand the significance of non-coding DNA in plants, but also identify specific regions of non-coding DNA that possess the potential for crop improvement.

Funded by Genome Canada and Génome Québec, the collaborative $5 million project between McGill and the University of Toronto is entering its fourth and final year. The first phase of VEGI involved determining the regions of Arabidopsis’ genome to study. Bureau and his team needed to isolate the genetic information that Arabidopsis shared with other members of the Brassicaceae family. This would allow them to extrapolate the information gained from studying Arabidopsis and apply it to essential food crops. Thus, a great deal of genome sequencing and comparative analyses were required to ‘weed’ out Arabidopsis’ ‘significant’ DNA (the DNA conserved among other members of the Brassicaceae family) from the ‘insignificant’. As Bureau stated in an interview with The Daily, “It has only now become apparent that some of those non-coding regions are important functionally.”

Now in the second and final phase of the project, Bureau has begun the process of constructing and performing experiments to shed light on the function of the non-coding DNA in not only Arabidopsis, but also various crop species. Utilizing cutting-edge genomic technologies, such as the McGill Plant Phenomics Platform (MP3 – a high-precision machine that provides researchers fast and automated measurements of complex phenotypic traits in plants), Bureau is able to monitor and evaluate Arabidopsis’ growth and development after mutating regions of its non-coding DNA. His findings hint at the extent to which non-coding DNA can affect a plant’s response to various abiotic (non-living) stresses. As he stated, “There is so much significance in non-coding DNA; a lot of the things we have found seem to be connected to traits such as drought tolerance, nitrogen use efficiency, cold and freezing tolerance, salt tolerance, and even tolerance to very toxic compounds like arsenic.”

Once completed, the information and knowledge gained from the VEGI will provide clearer instructions for effective crop breeding, ultimately allowing for the propagation of desired plant characteristics through a greater understanding of non-coding DNA’s important role in biological functions and development.


Locked In, Locked Out: Gated Communities in a Puerto Rican City (BOK)

Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores

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Sendes vanligvis innen 5-15 dager
In November 1993, the largest public housing project in the Puerto Rican city of Ponce-the second largest public housing authority in the U.S. federal system-became a gated community. Once the exclusive privilege of the city's affluent residents, gates now not only locked "undesirables" out but also shut them in. Ubiquitous and inescapable, gates continue to dominate present-day Ponce, delineating space within government and commercial buildings, schools, prisons, housing developments, parks, and churches. In Locked In, Locked Out, Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores shows how such gates operate as physical and symbolic ways to distribute power, reroute movement, sustain social inequalities, and cement boundary lines of class and race across the city. In its exploration of four communities in Ponce-two private subdivisions and two public housing projects-Locked In, Locked Out offers one of the first ethnographic accounts of gated communities devised by and for the poor. Dinzey-Flores traces the proliferation of gates on the island from Spanish colonial fortresses to the New Deal reform movement of the 1940s and 1950s, demonstrating how urban planning practices have historically contributed to the current trend of community divisions, shrinking public city spaces, and privatizing gardens. Through interviews and participant observation, she argues that gates have transformed the twenty-first-century city by fostering isolation and promoting segregation, ultimately shaping the life chances of people from all economic backgrounds. Relevant and engaging, Locked In, Locked Out reveals how built environments can create a cartography of disadvantage-affecting those on both sides of the wall.

Språk Engelsk Engelsk Innbinding Innbundet
Utgitt 2013 Forfatter Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores
Marston Book DMARSTO Orphans
ISBN 9780812245134
Antall sider 232 Dimensjoner 15,2cm x 22,9cm x 1,5cm
Vekt 318 gram Leverandør Bertram Trading Ltd
Emner og form Anthropology, Human geography


Mathematical proof

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{math, number, function}
{theory, work, human}
{language, word, form}
{land, century, early}
{law, state, case}

In mathematics, a proof is a convincing demonstration (within the accepted standards of the field) that some mathematical statement is necessarily true.[1][2] Proofs are obtained from deductive reasoning, rather than from inductive or empirical arguments. That is, a proof must demonstrate that a statement is true in all cases, without a single exception. An unproven proposition that is believed to be true is known as a conjecture.

The statement that is proved is often called a theorem.[1] Once a theorem is proved, it can be used as the basis to prove further statements. A theorem may also be referred to as a lemma, especially if it is intended for use as a stepping stone in the proof of another theorem.

Proofs employ logic but usually include some amount of natural language which usually admits some ambiguity. In fact, the vast majority of proofs in written mathematics can be considered as applications of rigorous informal logic. Purely formal proofs, written in symbolic language instead of natural language, are considered in proof theory. The distinction between formal and informal proofs has led to much examination of current and historical mathematical practice, quasi-empiricism in mathematics, and so-called folk mathematics (in both senses of that term). The philosophy of mathematics is concerned with the role of language and logic in proofs, and mathematics as a language.

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Tips for Finding Self Storage in Mapleton, UT

Before beginning your self storage search in Mapleton, there are a few things you should know. Storage unit prices and availability in Mapleton are determined by many different factors, including real estate, population growth, the wealth of the local population, the current economic climate, and more. In order to give you a better idea of these factors in Mapleton, we pulled in data from the US Census.

Mapleton, UT Moving and Storage

Self storage is commonly used as a secure place to store one's belongings when moving into a new home. If there's a high amount of moving activity in Mapleton, that could affect storage unit pricing and availability. Population changes over time are one way of gauging the amount of moving activity in Mapleton. The Mapleton metro area grew from 8,085 persons in 2010 to 9,071 persons in 2014 according to the US Census, an increase of 12.2%.

The Relationship Between Real Estate and Self Storage in Mapleton, UT.

One way to get an idea of the demand for housing and storage space in Mapleton is to look at housing occupancy and vacancy rates. If there's low vacancy rates in Mapleton housing, there's likely low vacancy at Mapleton storage facilities. This would allow storage facilities in Mapleton to charge higher prices for their units. According to US Census estimates, 96% of housing units in Mapleton are occupied, while the vacancy rate is at 4%. The average occupancy rate in US cities is 89%, so it's likely the case that storage facilities in Mapleton also have higher than average occupancy rates. High occupancy rates in Mapleton will make it more difficult to find a good deal on a storage unit.

There are 6 self storage units in Mapleton, UT in a 15 mile radius to choose from. This means fewer options for you to choose from, so storage prices in Mapleton, UT may be higher than average due to less competition.

Using $1.00/sqft as a national average, the average price for a self storage unit is $1.23. This is 23.21% higher with $0.23 net increase in cost per square foot. You'll be paying more in medium to large cities as storage prices are generally higher in densely populated areas.

Choose from multiple self storage facilities in Mapleton including:

If storage near Mapleton, Utah is not close enough to you, you may be interested in the 11 nearby cities including American Fork, Benjamin, Highland, Lindon, Orem, Payson, Pleasant Grove, Provo, Santaquin, Spanish Fork, Springville.

We also have specialized storage to choose from in Mapleton. If you require a climate controlled unit where temperature and humidity are important, please check out our Mapleton, UT Climate Controlled Storage, page. If you need to store a boat, car, or RV near Mapleton, UT, please visit our Mapleton, UT Vehicle Storage page.


Marc C . Mumby

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The large extracellular matrix protein Reelin is produced by Cajal-Retzius neurons in specific regions of the developing brain, where it controls neuronal migration and positioning. Genetic evidence suggests that interpretation of the Reelin signal by migrating neurons involves two neuronal cell surface proteins, the very low density lipoprotein receptor(More)
Reliable identification of posttranslational modifications is key to understanding various cellular regulatory processes. We describe a tool, InsPecT, to identify posttranslational modifications using tandem mass spectrometry data. InsPecT constructs database filters that proved to be very successful in genomics searches. Given an MS/MS spectrum S and a(More)
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Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) on microtubules in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Interphase and mitotic spindle microtubules, as well as centrosomes, were all labeled with antibodies against individual PP2A subunits, showing that the AB alpha C holoenzyme is associated with microtubules. Biochemical(More)
Ceramide activates a cytosolic protein phosphatase present in rat T9 glioma cells and rat brain. Ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP) was found to share several properties with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) leading to the hypothesis that ceramide may directly activate PP2A. PP2A was isolated as a heterotrimer (AB'C, AB alpha C), heterodimer (AC),(More)
Recently, we reported that a pool of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is associated with microtubules. Here, we demonstrate that specific isoforms of PP2A bind and dephosphorylate the neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau. Coexpression of tau and SV40 small t, a specific inhibitor of PP2A, in CV-1, NIH 3T3, or NT2 cells induced the phosphorylation of tau(More)
Individual subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), protein phosphatase 4, and protein phosphatase 5 were knocked out in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells by using RNA interference. Ablation of either the scaffold (A) or catalytic (C) subunits of PP2A caused the disappearance of all PP2A subunits. Treating cells with double-stranded RNA targeting all four of(More)
Hyperphosphorylated forms of the neuronal microtubule (MT)-associated protein tau are major components of Alzheimer's disease paired helical filaments. Previously, we reported that ABalphaC, the dominant brain isoform of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is localized on MTs, binds directly to tau, and is a major tau phosphatase in cells. We now describe direct(More)
Although evidence has suggested that the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) might be a tumor suppressor protein, it has been difficult to pin down its role in tumor suppression because it acts in a wide variety of signaling pathways. Recent findings, including work in this issue by Junttila et al. (2007), provide convincing evidence that(More)
Recently it has been shown that the potent apoptotic agent ceramide activates a mitochondrial protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and promotes dephosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl2 (Ruvolo, P. P., Deng, X., Ito, T., Carr, B. K., and May, W. S. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 20296-20300). In cells expressing Bcl2, dephosphorylation of Bcl2 appears to(More)


"The female form on the cover is the Goddess of the Heretic. She has many names -- Lilith, Mahummuhu, Amah-Ushumgal-Anna. She dances in the silent spaces in one's thoughts. She embraces those who break free from the chains of conditioning, the prisons of mass hypnosis caused by global indoctrination. Her likeness can be seen in many various religious systems, and with various names.

As for the fire and the water on the cover, dualism has been a part of many spiritual teachings. In many ancient writings, there is a reference to the four elements: Air, Fire, Water and Earth.
There are as many different interpretations as there are interpreters. In the Qabalah, Air is referred to as the Breath of Awareness, Fire is the Awareness of One's Potential, Water is the Awareness of One's Imagination, and Earth is where it all finalizes as manifestation. In my own interpretation, Fire represents Force, and Water represents Form. These two Principles are apparent in the "great balancing act" of the Universe. Look at our Sun; here is a perfect example of the interplay of Force and Form. The outward expanding energies being contained by the retracting energies of the gravity. Eventually the force will deplete it's energy and no longer be able to withstand the constricting energy of the gravity and will be crushed in upon itself, but does that mean that Form is the most powerful? I associate Form with entropy sometimes, that always-present energy that seems to eventually erode all things. One must not forget those new stars being created from nothing, elsewhere in the Universe. In the big picture it's all simply necessary.

The cover also depicts a "Reflection". Zero becomes One the instance of self-realization and, by joining with one's "reflection", 1 becomes 2. 1 plus 2 becomes 3 and this meager interpretation attempts to do the impossible task of defining the Creative Force of the Universe. This is the start of the downfall of the Intellect.

This is our 8th official release and I, being more an Instrument of the Living Continuum than a guitar player/songwriter, I go with what flows through me even when I may not fully "analytically" comprehend it. The term "knowing without knowing" works for me in these cases because any real "knowing" is subjective anyways and then we enter the realm of interpretation where this is no longer the "true or false" format.

To know one's experiences by objective/estranged evaluations is like trying to smell a flower by reading a seed catalog."


Saturday, April 12, 2014

Fun tips for Teaching Reading Strategies

I'm so excited to be a part of this blog hop! The best thing about blogging is that we all have tons of amazing ideas and tips at our fingertips. This huge blog hop feels like a professional development workshop where I get tips and tricks to make my students more successful, make my classroom run more smoothly, or just to make teaching more fun for me. ;)

If you want to find all the ideas in one spot, check out this Pinterest board.

I spent forever thinking about a "bright" idea that was worthy of sharing for this blog hop. I came up with a few "snippets" to share with you.

My first snippet: Highlighting strips for showing text evidence.
You've all seen them and probably use them with some of your students who may need help with tracking. I recently started using them for close reading. I love the concept of close reading, although I still feel like I am doggy paddling my way through it. One thing that I love about it is having your students use text evidence to support an answer. If we are reading a text on piece of paper, they love to use highlighters to highlight that evidence. But sometimes I don't want them to be highlighting in a book or writing marks in the book. So I started using highlighter strips. I'll ask them a question and have them reread the text to find the answer. When they find it, they put their highlighter strip over the sentence that shows their evidence for their answer. This was they were all responsible for finding their own evidence and they all had the opportunity to share their answers. (No need to shout out or raise wave your hand in the air.)

These books came from

What's that Word?
To teach the strategy of skip and go back and think about what makes sense, I play a little game with them. I use (surprise, surprise) a sticky note to cover a word. I choose a word that is not phonetic. I  make sure that the word has some good context too. Together, we read the sentence with the covered word. I model skipping the word and reading the rest of the sentence. Then I ask for suggestions about what would make sense.

In this example, the word climbed, crawled, jumped, swung, laid, sat might be predictions from kids.

I write the suggestions down. Then we reread our sentence substituting the suggested words in the covered word's spot. For each we ask, "Did that sound right in the sentence?" If a student were to guess the word, "sat", you would read the sentence, "She sat onto the rocks". That doesn't quite sound right so you could cross that one off.

Next, we reveal the first letter (or letters if its a digraph). We talk about which word it couldn't be based on the first few letters. We check to see if any of our words work or if we need to think of another.
In this case, we could cross all the words off except climbed and crawled (based on the first letter).

Finally we reveal the word. After revealing the word, have students look at the word to make sure it matches their guess. One last time, we read our sentence with the correct word and ask ourselves, "Does it make sense? Does it sound right?"

For this example, they may guess gives or feeds. After revealing the word, they can see that although both makes sense in the sentence, only the word feeds visual matches.

Each time I play this, I point out my strategy posters so the kids see all the strategies we are using. They love this game! You can make up your own sentences or use sentences from a book you are reading. I used to enlarge a page from a book so I could have something big enough to show my group.

Magnifying words
I use a mini magnifying glass to search the text for words. We might be searching for short a words. We might also go on a sight word search in the book. I'll call out a word and they find it and magnify it.

I hope one of these ideas will be helpful to you in your classroom. :) If you have any ideas related to these, I'd love to hear from you. The more bright ideas, the better!

For more bright ideas, please visit the blogs below. Don't have time to go through every blog post? That's okay! Browse through the topics to find something that interests you. They are labeled below.

  1. These are great strategies. Thank you for the reminder to use with pre-made books. : ) I do the covered word in SmartBoard notebooks as well by putting boxes over them and having them fade out or color and they erase.

    1. How fun! I wish I had a SmartBoard! Thanks for your comment. :)