Text: H.Con.Res.132 — 107th Congress (2001-2002)All Bill Information (Except Text)

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Introduced in House (05/10/2001)

[Congressional Bills 107th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
[H. Con. Res. 132 Introduced in House (IH)]

  1st Session
H. CON. RES. 132

    Expressing the sense of Congress on the importance of promoting
              electronic commerce, and for other purposes.

                              May 10, 2001

  Mrs. Tauscher (for herself and Mr. Dreier) submitted the following
concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and

                         CONCURRENT RESOLUTION

    Expressing the sense of Congress on the importance of promoting
              electronic commerce, and for other purposes.

Whereas information technologies have spurred additional growth and efficiency
        for the United States economy, given consumers greater power and choice,
        and created new opportunities for entrepreneurs;
Whereas an estimated 60 percent of American businesses are involved in
        electronic commerce;
Whereas in 2000, business-to-consumer electronic transactions were estimated at
        $61,000,000,000 and business-to-business electronic transactions at
        nearly $200,000,000,000;
Whereas economists have shown that the higher a nation's Internet usage, the
        faster cross-border trade increases, especially among developing
Whereas cross-border electronic commerce represents a revolutionary form of
        international trade, one that will provide new opportunities for growth,
        efficiency, and rising living standards in the United States and
Whereas in this era of policy development for global electronic commerce,
        certain policy measures could push Internet users into localized regions
        of the World Wide Web, significantly reducing long-term opportunities
        for growth and development;
Whereas the current World Trade Organization (WTO) trade rules, including (the
        General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the General Agreement on Trade
        in Services, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
        Property) apply to e-commerce;
Whereas the growth of international trade via global electronic commerce could
        be stunted by domestic policies or measures that have the effect of
        reducing or eliminating competition; and
Whereas carefully coordinated agreements that ensure open markets, broad access,
        competition, and limited burdens on e-commerce can facilitate growth and
        development in the United States and overseas: Now, therefore, be it
    Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring),
That it is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Secretary of Commerce and the United States Trade
        Representative should make the promotion of cross-border trade
        via electronic commerce a high priority;
            (2) the United States should work in good faith with our
        trading partners to develop a cross-border trade regime that
        promotes the continued growth of electronic commerce and
        advances the interests of Internet buyers and sellers in
        different countries; and
            (3) the United States should encourage members of the World
        Trade Organization to--
                    (A) promote the development of infrastructures that
                are necessary to conduct e-commerce;
                    (B) promote the development of trade in goods and
                services via e-commerce;
                    (C) ensure that products delivered electronically
                receive the most beneficial treatment available under
                trade agreements relating to similar products that are
                delivered physically, including market access and non-
                discriminatory treatment; and
                    (D) refrain from adopting measures that would
                constitute actual or potential trade barriers to
                electronic commerce, and ensure that all other measures
                are predictable and transparent.


Apple patents Samsung’s Galaxy Note-style radial menus for iOS

Samsung's Galaxy Note has used radial menus before. But don't worry: Apple got there first. (Picture: TechnoBuffalo)

Apple has been awarded a new patent for adding moving radial menus to both Macs and iOS devices.

The use of radial menus would give Apple an alternative to the pull-down menus currently used in most applications — allowing context-specific menus and submenus to be created at optimal positions close to a user’s mouse cursor or, in the case of an iPhone or iPad, their finger.


Understanding Hypoglycemia

When you think about diabetes and blood glucose control, the first thing that comes to mind is probably avoiding high blood glucose levels. After all, the hallmark of diabetes is high blood glucose, or hyperglycemia. But controlling blood glucose is more than just managing the “highs”; it also involves preventing and managing “lows,” or hypoglycemia.

Most people are aware that keeping blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible helps prevent damage to the blood vessels and nerves in the body. But keeping blood glucose levels near normal can carry some risks as well. People who maintain “tight” blood glucose control are more likely to experience episodes of hypoglycemia, and frequent episodes of hypoglycemia — even mild hypoglycemia and even in people who don’t keep blood glucose levels close to normal — deplete the liver of stored glucose (called glycogen), which is what the body normally draws upon to raise blood glucose levels when they are low. Once liver stores of glycogen are low, severe hypoglycemia is more likely to develop, and research shows that severe hypoglycemia can be harmful. In children, frequent severe hypoglycemia can lead to impairment of intellectual function. In children and adults, severe hypoglycemia can lead to accidents. And in adults with cardiovascular disease, it can lead to strokes and heart attacks.

To keep yourself as healthy as possible, you need to learn how to balance food intake, physical activity, and any diabetes medicines or insulin you use to keep your blood glucose as close to normal as is safe for you without going too low. This article explains how hypoglycemia develops and how to treat and prevent it.

What is hypoglycemia?

Blood glucose levels vary throughout the day depending on what you eat, how active you are, and any diabetes medicines or insulin you take. Other things, such as hormone fluctuations, can affect blood glucose levels as well. In people who don’t have diabetes, blood glucose levels generally range from 65 mg/dl to 140 mg/dl, but in diabetes, the body’s natural control is disrupted, and blood glucose levels can go too high or too low. For people with diabetes, a blood glucose level of 70 mg/dl or less is considered low, and treatment is recommended to prevent it from dropping even lower.

Under normal circumstances, glucose is the brain’s sole energy source, making it particularly sensitive to any decrease in blood glucose level. When blood glucose levels drop too low, the body tries to increase the amount of glucose available in the bloodstream by releasing hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine (also called adrenaline) that stimulate the release of glycogen from the liver.

Some of the symptoms of hypoglycemia are caused by the brain’s lack of glucose; other symptoms are caused by the hormones, primarily epinephrine, released to help increase blood glucose levels. Epinephrine can cause feelings of weakness, shakiness, clamminess, and hunger and an increased heart rate. These are often called the “warning signs” of hypoglycemia. Lack of glucose to the brain can cause trouble concentrating, changes in vision, slurred speech, lack of coordination, headaches, dizziness, and drowsiness. Hypoglycemia can also cause changes in emotions and mood. Feelings of nervousness and irritability, becoming argumentative, showing aggression, and crying are common, although some people experience euphoria and giddiness. Recognizing emotional changes that may signal hypoglycemia is especially important in young children, who may not be able to understand or communicate other symptoms of hypoglycemia to adults. If hypoglycemia is not promptly treated with a form of sugar or glucose to bring blood glucose level up, the brain can become dangerously depleted of glucose, potentially causing severe confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.

Who is at risk?

Some people are at higher risk of developing hypoglycemia than others. Hypoglycemia is not a concern for people who manage their diabetes with only exercise and a meal plan. People who use insulin or certain types of oral diabetes medicines have a much greater chance of developing hypoglycemia and therefore need to be more careful to avoid it. Other risk factors for hypoglycemia include the following:

  • Maintaining very “tight” (near-normal) blood glucose targets.
  • Decreased kidney function. The kidneys help to degrade and remove insulin from the bloodstream. When the kidneys are not functioning well, insulin action can be unpredictable, and low blood glucose levels may result.
  • Alcohol use.
  • Conditions such as gastropathy (slowed stomach emptying) that cause variable rates of digestion and absorption of food.
  • Having autonomic neuropathy, which can decrease symptoms when blood glucose levels drop. (Autonomic neuropathy is damage to nerves that control involuntary functions.)
  • Pregnancy in women with preexisting diabetes, especially during the first trimester.

A side effect of diabetes treatment

Hypoglycemia is the most common side effect of insulin use and of some of the oral medicines used to treat Type 2 diabetes. How likely a drug is to cause hypoglycemia and the appropriate treatment for hypoglycemia depends on the type of drug.

Secretagogues. Oral medicines that stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin, which include sulfonylureas and the drugs nateglinide (brand name Starlix) and repaglinide (Prandin), have the potential side effect of hypoglycemia. Sulfonylureas include glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL), and glyburide (DiaBeta, Micronase, and Glynase).

Sulfonylureas are taken once or twice a day, in the morning and the evening, and their blood-glucose-lowering effects last all day. If you miss a meal or snack, the medicine continues to work, and your blood glucose level may drop too low. So-called sulfa antibiotics (those that contain the ingredient sulfamethoxazole) can also increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with a sulfonylurea. Anyone who takes a sulfonylurea, therefore, should discuss this potential drug interaction with their health-care provider should antibiotic therapy be necessary.

Nateglinide and repaglinide are taken with meals and act for only a short time. The risk of hypoglycemia is lower than for sulfonylureas, but it is still possible to develop hypoglycemia if a dose of nateglinide or repaglinide is taken without food.

Insulin. All people with Type 1 diabetes and many with Type 2 use insulin for blood glucose control. Since insulin can cause hypoglycemia, it is important for those who use it to understand how it works and when its activity is greatest so they can properly balance food and activity and take precautions to avoid hypoglycemia. This is best discussed with a health-care provider who is knowledgeable about you, your lifestyle, and the particular insulin regimen you are using.

Biguanides and thiazolidinediones. The biguanides, of which metformin is the only one approved in the United States, decrease the amount of glucose manufactured by the liver. The thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia), help body cells become more sensitive to insulin. The risk of hypoglycemia is very low with these medicines. However, if you take metformin, pioglitazone, or rosiglitazone along with either insulin or a secretagogue, hypoglycemia is a possibility.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Drugs in this class, acarbose (Precose) and miglitol (Glyset), interfere with the digestion of carbohydrates to glucose and help to lower blood glucose levels after meals. When taken alone, these medicines do not cause hypoglycemia, but if combined with either insulin or a secretagogue, hypoglycemia is possible. Because alpha-glucosidase inhibitors interfere with the digestion of some types of carbohydrate, hypoglycemia can only be treated with pure glucose (also called dextrose or d-glucose), which is sold in tablets and tubes of gel. Other carbohydrates will not raise blood glucose levels quickly enough to treat hypoglycemia.

Striking a balance

Hypoglycemia unawareness

Treating lows

The following items have about 15 grams of carbohydrate:

  • 3–4 glucose tablets
  • 1 tablespoon of honey or syrup
  • 1 tablespoon of sugar or 5 small sugar cubes
  • 6–8 LifeSavers
  • 8 ounces of skim (nonfat) milk

Avoiding hypoglycemia

Avoiding all episodes of hypoglycemia may be impossible for many people, especially since maintaining tight blood glucose control brings with it a higher risk of hypoglycemia. However, the following tips may help to prevent excessive lows:

  • Know how your medicines work and when they have their strongest action.
  • Work with your diabetes care team to coordinate your medicines or insulin with your eating plan. Meals and snacks should be timed to coordinate with the activity of your medicine or insulin.
  • Learn how to count carbohydrates so you can keep your carbohydrate intake consistent at meals and snacks from day to day. Variations in carbohydrate intake can lead to hypoglycemia.
  • Have carbohydrate-containing foods available in the places you frequent, such as in your car or at the office, to avoid delays in treatment of hypoglycemia.
  • Develop a plan with your diabetes care team to adjust your food, medicine, or insulin for changes in activity or exercise.
  • Discuss how to handle sick days and situations where you have trouble eating with your diabetes team.
  • Always check your blood glucose level to verify any symptoms of hypoglycemia. Keep your meter with you, especially in situations where risk of hypoglycemia is increased.
  • Wear a medical alert identification tag.
  • Always treat blood glucose levels of 70 mg/dl or less whether or not you have symptoms.
  • If you have hypoglycemia unawareness, you may need to work with your diabetes care team to modify your blood glucose goals or treatment plan.
  • Check your blood glucose level frequently during the day and possibly at night, especially if you have hypoglycemia unawareness, are pregnant, or have exercised vigorously within the past 24 hours.
  • Check your blood glucose level before driving or operating machinery to avoid any situations that could become dangerous if hypoglycemia occurred.
  • Check the expiration date on your glucagon emergency kit once a year and replace it before it expires.
  • Discuss alcohol intake with your diabetes care team. You may be advised not to drink on an empty stomach and/or to increase your carbohydrate intake if alcohol is an option for you. If you drink, always check your blood glucose level before bed and eat any snacks that are scheduled in your food plan.

Don’t risk your health

Although hypoglycemia can, at times, be unpleasant, don’t risk your health by allowing your blood glucose levels to run higher than recommended to avoid it. Meet with your diabetes care team to develop a plan to help you achieve the best possible blood glucose control safely and effectively. Think positive, and learn to be prepared with measures to prevent and promptly treat hypoglycemia should it occur.


Online Electrical Engineering

Multiple Choice Questions on DC Motor | Page - 10

  1. The speed of a cumulatively compound DC motor can be controlled by varying
    The speed control of a cumulatively compound motor can obtained by varying any of one following - 1. Armature voltage, 2. Armature resistance, 3. Shunt field resistnace.

  2. The function of field regular in a DC compound motor is to
    In DC compound motor, the field regulators inserted in series with shunt field is to control field current..
  3. In Ward-Leonard method of speed control, the directional of rotation of motor is reversed usually reversing the connection of the
    The direction of rotation of motor armature can be reversed by reversing the direction of exciting current of the generator. This is done with help of reversing switch.

  4. Ward-Leonard system for controlling the speed of a DC motor is used where
    Ward-Leonard system is used for speed controlling of DC motor where speed in both direction, accuracy in speed control and very fine speed control the wide range are required. Such the system is required in steel rolling mills, paper machine, elevators, cranes, mine hoist etc.

  5. The shunted armature control method of speed control for DC shunt motor is
    In DC shunt motor, speed variation depends not only upon the controlling resistance but on the load current also. This double dependance makes it impossible to keep the speed sensibly constant on rapidly changing load.
  6. The field flux method of speed control of DC shunt motor is generally used which one of following?
    Since the flux cannot usually be increased beyond its normal value because of saturation of iron, so speed control by flux is limited too weakening which gives an increase in speed. So it is applicable over only a limited range, because if the field is weakened too much there is a loss of stability. Hence field flux method is generally used constant hp drive above the base speed.
  7. The speed of DC shunt motor can be raised above its rated value by
    The flux produced by field current. By inserting a resistance cause to reduce field current and hence the flux is also reduced. The reduction in flux will result in an increase in speed. Because of saturation of iron, the flux cannot increased beyond its normal value. So the motor runs at a speed higher than normal speed.
  8. A DC shunt motor is supplying a load at its rated speed. The speed can be reduced by
  9. The resistance of the field regulator of a DC shunt motor is of order of
    We know the flux is produced by field current. In shunt motor, field regulator is connected in series with the shunt field winding. The connection of field regulator reduces the field current and hence the flux φ is also reduced. The reduction flux will result in an increase in the speed. If we want to reduce shunt field current then the resistance of field regulator would be higher value.
    The divertor of series motor is connected in parallel with series field winding to reduce the current flowing through the field winding. This reduce the flux and increase the speed. If the resistnace of divertor is reduced then the current flowing through the shunt field is increased and flux also be increased and thereby the speed will be decreased.
  11. The current drawn by a DC motor at starting is
    When the motor is at rest the speed of DC motor is zero, therefore back emf is zero nad if a DC motor is connected directly to the supply mains a heavy current (about 10-12.5 times of rated current) will be drawn because from emf equation of armature circuit (Eb = V - IaRa, armature current is given as (V - Eb)/Ra and armature resistance Ra very small.
  12. In DC shunt motors, at start, the field excitation is kept at maximum value in order to
    A large field current, therefore, a higher value of flux will result in low operating speed and in higher motor torque for a particular value of starting current because motor torque is proportional to the product of flux per pole and armature current. Thus for given load torque, the motor will accelerate quikly and take less time to reach the lower operating speed from the starting instant. This will result in less heating of armature during starting.
  13. High inrush of current during a starting of a DC motor can efficiency be restricted to a safer value by increasing the _________________ resistance.
  14. If starting is not used with large DC motor for starting, it will draw a starting current which
    Larg motor without starter will draw high inrush of current at starting instant may cause - (i) Heavy sparking at the commutatot and even flash over, (ii) damage to armature winding either by heat developed in the windings or by mechanical forces set up by electromagnetic action, (iii) large voltage drop in the supply voltage.
  15. Direct-on-line (DOL) starters are not suitable for starting large DC motors, because
    Direct-on-line (DOL) starting are not used for large DC motor because the starting current will be enourmously high which will cause large voltage drop in the supply mains. It is used for starting of motor of ratings up to 3.75 KW.
  16. A 4-point starter is used to start and control the speed of a
    The armature current of DC shunt motor Ia = (V - Eb)/Ra. At the time of starting Eb = 0. If the full supply voltage is applie to the motor it will draw a large current due to low armature resistance. A variable resistance should be connected in series with the armature resistance to limit the starting current. Hence a 4-point starter is used to start and control speed of DC shunt motor.
    If the motor is to be stopped the main line switch should be opened. To stop the motor, the starter handle should never be pulled back at this would result in burning the starter contacts.
  18. In a DC shunt motor, three point starter
    Three point starter is to limit the starting current and to provide volt protection by "NO VOLT RELEASE" coil and overload protection by "HOLD-ON" coil.
  19. If the no-voltage release in a DC motor starter fails to operate on failure of supply, on resumption of supply the motor will
    When the supply voltage is switched on, no back emf will acting in the circuit, the armature being directly across the supply mains and resistance of armature being low, the armature will draw excessive current and will get damage.
  20. If the handle of a three point starter goes to back to OFF position, it may due to
    The starter handle goes to 'OFF' position because 1. The supply voltage is either zero or lower than rated voltage. 2. There are high field circuit resistance. 3. The motor may be over loaded
  21. The DC motor starter handle should be removed
    The DC motor starter handle should be moved smoothy in steps otherwise heavy sparking occur the stud of atarting resistance steps.


The FCC on "Fake News": Who's Trying to Persuade You?

Here are a few interesting passages from the FCC's Public Notice:

I just realized two things - one, that the links for the bill texts, above, expire after some length of time. So, if you're trying to get to S 266 or HR 373 and the links aren't working, go to and search by bill number.

The other thing is that the S 266 definition for "propaganda" deserves attention unto itself, so I'll post it here:

In this Act, the term 'publicity' or 'propaganda' includes--

a news release or other publication that does not clearly identify the Government agency directly or indirectly (through a contractor) financially responsible for the message;

any audio or visual presentation that does not continuously and clearly identify the Government agency directly or indirectly financially responsible for the message;

an Internet message that does not continuously and clearly identify the Government agency directly or indirectly financially responsible for the message;

any attempt to manipulate the news media by payment to any journalist, reporter, columnist, commentator, editor, or news organization;

any message designed to aid a political party or candidate;

any message with the purpose of self-aggrandizement or puffery of the Administration, agency, Executive branch programs or policies, or pending congressional legislation;

a message of a nature tending to emphasize the importance of the agency or its activities;

a message that is so misleading or inaccurate that it constitutes propaganda; and

the preparation, distribution, or use of any kit, pamphlet, booklet, publication, radio, television, or video presentation designed to support or defeat legislation pending before Congress or any State legislature, except in presentation to Congress or any State legislature itself.


San Francisco Public Library

Sourdough Starter Workshop

1:30 - 2:30

Noe Valley/Sally Brunn

Noe Valley Meeting Room

451 Jersey Street

Sourdough Starter Workshop: Cat Shimizu, the "breaducator" from Sour Flour —a Mission District bakery dedicated to neighborly bread gifting and bread education— will talk about the art and science of making bread using a sourdough starter.  This includes how to feed and take care of your own starter, and how different factors such as time, temperature, and starter hydration affect the fermentation process. And how the fermentation process, using wild yeast and lactic "good" bacteria,  improves the nutritional and storage properties of bread. Samples and suggested reading will help get you started on a healthy, enjoyable and delicious new adventure in baking.


SATURDAY, Dec. 17 (HealthDay News) — The busy holiday season may disrupt many people's daily routines, but at this time of year it is especially important to remember to look after your teeth, an expert advises.

"Holiday get-togethers tend to lead people to consume sugary treats and drink alcoholic beverages more than usual," Dr. George Shepley, spokesperson for the Academy of General Dentistry, said in an academy news release.

"Additionally, with their busy schedules and increased stress levels, I've noticed that my patients' oral hygiene suffers. They forget the most basic of oral hygiene tasks that can counteract the effects of sugary snacks and drinks," he pointed out.

Shepley offers suggestions on a number of ways to protect your teeth during the holiday season.

To reduce the risk of damage from drinking red and white wines, which are highly acidic and can eat away at a tooth's enamel, refrain from swishing wine around in your mouth and drink water between glasses of wine to rinse acid from your teeth.

And, while holiday goodies such as cookies, chocolate and candy canes are tempting, the sugar in them promotes the growth of cavity-causing bacteria. If you can't brush or floss after eating sweet treats, drink water or chew a piece of sugarless gum, which will increased saliva flow and help wash away the bacteria.

Finally, Shepley pointed out, holiday stress can cause some people to grind or clench their teeth, potentially resulting in chipped teeth, jaw pain and headaches.

"Finding ways to alleviate your anxiety can help, but it's also important to see your dentist, who can recommend solutions like a custom night guard," Shepley said. "Wearing one at night will prevent you from taking out the holiday stress on your teeth while you sleep."


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Senryu Butterfly Poems | Senryu Poems About Butterfly

These Senryu Butterfly poems are examples of Senryu poems about Butterfly. These are the best examples of Senryu Butterfly poems written by international PoetrySoup poets

Details | Senryu | |

Butterfly Secrets

Butterflies whisper
The secrets to peaceful life,
But our cars crush them.

Details | Senryu | |

Luminous Beings

Be meek, Be mild
words intended
the luminous Being to beguile

Details | Senryu | |

butterfly behind
her flowery shield the eyes
blink colored wings

Details | Senryu | |

The Butterfly

ethereal life wings painted by a dreamer innocent beauty

Details | Senryu | |

Butterfly Curls

Rhythmic motions
Stretching past the comfort zone
Tight muscles tingling

By Robb A. Kopp

Details | Senryu | |

Kiss the Butterfly

Kiss the butterfly Allow the wings to lift you Take off in the sky
Russell Sivey

Details | Senryu | |

Come to me butterflies,
Give me the wings of wisdom -
Flight of a lifetime.

(C) Anindya Mohan Tagore (Bobby)

Details | Senryu | |

stalinaya bobitchka(steel butterfly}

  Montage of colors
sliding through tomorrow's light
what you seem to me.


Category: Rants, Raves and More!

This section for everything not covered elsewhere on Hoboken411

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Public Pensions

How long will “public pensions” exist? Question of the day: The reason I ask is, that it’s quite mind-blowing how much these local governments expect to siphon money from others to pay (former) (city,...

hoboken-cove-space-could-be-better-utilized 40

QotD: Expanding Hoboken?

What is wrong with this concept? I still think that back when I introduced this concept of “expanding” Hoboken into the Hudson River like they did over in Battery Park was a missed opportunity...


Culinary Arts / Cooking Jobs Abroad

A Guide To

Culinary Jobs Abroad

67 Culinary Arts / Cooking Jobs Abroad Programs

Work Experience Australia Program

Alliance Abroad Group GUARANTEES a 6-12 month PAID hospitality job BEFORE you land in Australia. How do we do it? We have a great team in Australia and the US that have established excellent relationships with leading Australian hotels and resorts. We also ensure you are taken care of every step of the way. We help with your visa, housing and even organize Meet Ups with other AAG participants...

Smaller Earth

Instituto Hemingway

Our Paid Jobs program guarantees a placement in a top restaurant/hotel in Colombia. Accommodation, meals and pocket money are covered. You will earn enough to cover basic expenses. You will work on average 35-40 hours per week and will have one day off. The type of position will depend on your level of Spanish, experience in the hospitality management industry and dates. Generally speaking y...

Seasonal work placements throughout the U.S are available with the J-1 Visa program through the U.S. Department of State. Participants can work for up to 3 months then have the option of a 1 month travel period before returning home. Jobs Include: * Sales Help - Selling and preparing fast food (candy, hot dogs, french fries), using a cash register, helping customers, mopping floors, tak...

Knowledge Must

Responsibility for the preparation of high quality food to groups of up to 100 or more children and adults. Supervision of other staff, control of inventory, budgets and hygiene is expected. All staff must be a role model to the children who are our guests, act responsibly and in a caring manner at all times and show understanding of and appreciation for diverse cultural backgrounds.

USEH International Inc.

The program will allow participants to have a rotation within the Culinary Department where they will be able to see applications in different outlets including; Main Kitchen/ Banquet Kitchen/ Inventory obtaining positions based on their experience and interest areas such as hot kitchen/ cold kitchen/ pastry.

Hospitality Work Experience Italy

Embrace a paid work experience in the tourism sector in Italy. Work in Italian hotels, restaurants and improve your language skills greatly. Work and travel from 2 to 6 months in Italy. How would you like to travel to a gorgeous southern European country like Italy and participate in a paid internship in the hospitality sector? By undertaking a hospitality work placement in Italy while al...

HRC International

Join this chef's culinary team and create amazing dishes from the most fresh ingredients. They do they pastries and breads in house,always deliciously fresh. The ideal candidate will have at least 6 months of recent work experience as a commis chef and is a recent graduate from a culinary school or currently enrolled in one. Benefits: - uniform provided - complimentary meal during shif...

Visit the Real Australia and Get Paid Doing It!

Experience down under first hand and get paid doing it through Visitoz programs available the year round. The programme starts with a 9-day introductory package that includes one night in Brisbane, three nights at Rainbow Beach for jet lag recovery, soak under the sun or surfing, half day for administration and shopping with meals. The next days are spend on farm training that involves fun and ...

Latitude International Education

The Working Holiday in Canada program offers you the chance to experience beautiful, natural Canada including ski hills, modern cities, vibrant multiculturalism, wilderness and the highest quality of living in the world. Whether you start in Toronto, Calgary, Montreal or Vancouver you will always discover something new and exciting like the Olympic ski runs, Niagara falls or the Calgary Stamped...

Professional Internships in China (PIC) Program

The Language House

Have you always wanted to live abroad but never knew where to start? The Language House helps you turn your dreams into reality by guiding you from a rough idea thru to a solid action plan to actually carrying out that plan. Why continue to put off having the life you really want? Don't postpone joy, come and join us. The Job Abroad Coaching Package is designed for those who want to live and wo...

Back to Programs

Culinary Jobs Abroad

Every country and culture has a unique approach to culinary arts and cooking. By starting a cooking job abroad, you can master the skill set required to cook up any kind of dish in the world, while gaining impressive work experience to add to your CV too. So, where in the world will your taste buds take you?

Why Work Abroad in Culinary Arts

Working abroad is something that every chef should try at some point in their career. It’s not just the excitement of learning all about the culture and cuisine of another country which makes the prospect so enticing; with a huge amount of seasonal cooking jobs abroad, and positions available all over the world, it’s most definitely a professional opportunity as well. Finding a international cooking job is easy for trained chefs, and the work itself will prove to be an immensely rewarding challenge for any newbie in the field.

Asking which country is the best place cooking jobs abroad would lead to a never ending debate among professionals in the field. Every nation across the world takes pride in the quality and type of cuisine they serve up, and the answer will almost certainly differ from one chef to the next. Really it comes down to your own personal culinary aspirations, particularly what type of cookery you strive to improve in or explore and learn about.

Some countries are particularly infamous for the greatness of their cuisine, and thus are the first choice for many chefs looking for cooking jobs abroad. Italy, France, Greece, and Spain are typically thought of as the most prestigious countries in Europe where you can gain experience as a chef. The cuisine of China, Thailand, Japan, and India come with equally high regard in Asia. Elsewhere in the world, in countries ranging from Mexico to South Africa to the United States, you can find more great cooking job opportunities that will allow you to master a unique style of cooking.

These are just a few of the most popular countries for international cooking jobs, but there are culinary jobs abroad almost everywhere in the world. Some regions will certainly present a more challenging linguistic and cultural adaptation than others, so remember that there are many additional factors beyond culinary considerations that you should take into account when deciding where to work abroad.

Cooking Jobs Abroad

Many international cooking jobs are seasonal, which can be beneficial for many reasons. Since available positions tend to be open for only a few months at a time, you will be able to avoid the tangle of visa considerations. You will also be able move around frequently, gaining experience cooking in a variety of different cuisines and formats. Most seasonal cooking jobs abroad are in the tourism and hospitality industries. Manning the kitchens of hotels, resorts, and cruise ships are all examples of the type of culinary jobs you might find abroad. Working for private catering services, language schools, or camps are also promising places to look for culinary jobs abroad.

Competition is typically more stiff for permanent cooking jobs abroad at restaurants, and you will also have to jump through the hoops of organizing a work permit and residential visa with your employer. However, if you have the proper culinary training and prior experience as a chef, there is no reason why you shouldn’t be considered for permanent international cooking jobs. When you begin working abroad you may have to take an entry level position below your qualification, but with hard work and patience you could end up working alongside some of the top chefs in the world.

Salary & Affordability

Seasonal cooking jobs abroad will typically pay chefs fairly well, and also typically offer lodging as part of compensation packages. This can be a huge bonus; for example if you work at a resort in the Alps or on a cruise ship, you will likely have access to many additional luxuries and amenities while working abroad.

Relative pay rates for more long-term culinary jobs remain fairly constant around the world, but will fluctuate according to the economic level of the country you are in. You can expect to make considerably more money working as a chef in France, for example, than in India. However, the low costs of living in developing countries, such as India, will allow you to save up a considerable amount of money working abroad, so there is certainly a tradeoff.

Master a New Art. By working abroad as a chef, you can bring yourself closer to the origins of whatever country’s cuisine you seek to master. Working alongside chefs who have grown up cooking their native dishes will undoubtedly give you new insight into the culinary tradition.

Be Mobile. Since many culinary jobs abroad are seasonal, you will have the freedom to move around and work in different places all over the world. Not every profession allows you to have so much freedom to venture around the globe!

Make Yourself Stand Out. If you ever decide to settle down into a permanent cooking job abroad, or even want to open your own restaurant someday, working internationally will make you a more enticing candidate for the people with the power to make it happen. You will stand out as a very well-rounded chef, and have the experience to back it up.

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To Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird Summary and Analysis of Chapters 25-31

Chapter 25

It is now September, and Jem and Scout are about to go to sleep on their cots on the back porch. Scout sees a roly-poly bug and goes to kill it. Jem stops her, saying the bug never did anything to harm her. Scout heeds his request and carefully takes the bug outside, noting internally that if anything, Jem is becoming more like a lady than she is. As she returns to her cot, she thinks of Dill and remembers his story of the day Tom Robinson died in late August.

Atticus and Calpurnia were driving out to see Tom's wife when they spotted Jem and Dill on their way back from swimming. Jem and Dill ask for a ride, and although hesitant at first, Atticus finally agrees to let them come along. Apparently, when Tom's wife saw Atticus and Calpurnia, she seemed to faint, falling to the ground in a heap. Tom's death was only news in Maycomb for two days, and was regarded as "typical," since prevailing opinion was that black men tend to run away without any plan.

Scout reflects that "in the secret courts of men's hearts," nothing Atticus could have said could have freed Tom. Upon hearing the news, Mr. Ewell is rumored to have said, "one down and about two more to go," and Scout is afraid for Atticus. Jem confidently tells Scout that Mr. Ewell won't really take any action on his threats.

Chapter 26

School is in session again, and Scout has lost her fear of the Radley place. Every now and then she daydreams about seeing Boo sitting on the porch, and greeting him as if they spoke to each other every day. School is hard for the Finch children: their peers are generally somewhat cold toward them due to Atticus defending Tom Robinson, as if their parents had instructed them to be civil but not outwardly friendly.

One day during Current Events, Scout's class gets into a discussion about Hitler and the persecution of the Jews. Her teacher, Miss Gates, speaks at length about how the German dictatorship allows for the Jews to be persecuted by a prejudiced leader, but she claims that in America, "we don't believe in persecuting anybody." Scout finds Miss Gates hypocritical because she remembers that on the day of Tom's trial, she overheard Miss Gates say that she thought it was, "time somebody taught them a lesson, they thought they was getting' way above themselves, an' the next thing they think they can do is marry us." "Them" meant black people. In Scout's mind, this doesn't make sense and she goes to talk to Jem about it. Jem responds very angrily, and tells her he never wants to talk about anything having to do with that trial again. Scout is taken aback and goes to Atticus, who assures her that Jem just needs some time to think about things, and then he'll be himself again.

Chapter 27

Scout relates a few events that have recently occurred in Maycomb. Mr. Ewell holds down a job for a few days, but then is fired from the WPA (Work Projects Administration) for laziness. One night, alone in his study, Judge Taylor finds the strange shadow of a prowler in his house and proceeds with his reading, but with a gun across his lap. Helen Robinson has been working on the property of Mr. Link Deas, but walks nearly a mile out of her way in order to avoid walking past the Ewell's house, because they "chunk" at her when she passes by. When Mr. Link Deas finds out, he approaches the Ewell house and yells to them, warning them not to bother Helen, or else he'll have them put in jail. The next day, Mr. Ewell follows Helen to work, "crooning foul words" the entire way, but Mr. Link Deas again threatens him with jail and he stops this behavior. Aunt Alexandra thinks that these events bode poorly for Atticus, as she is convinced that Ewell's threat after the trial carries more weight than Atticus is willing to believe.

It is nearly Halloween, and Mrs. Grace Merriweather writes a pageant for Maycomb people to perform about the history of the county. She wants children to play the parts of Maycomb's agricultural products, and Scout is assigned to play the part of the pork. She will wear a large costume made of chicken wire and wrapped around with brown cloth, which comes to just above her knees. She can't put it on or take it off without someone else's help because it pins her arms down, and she can't see well through the eyeholes. Jem escorts her to the pageant, because Atticus is too tired to go, and Aunt Alexandra opts to stay home with him.

Chapter 28

Chapter 29

Scout tells the story of what happened outside to Atticus, the sheriff, and everyone else assembled. Mr. Tate notes the mark that Mr. Ewell's knife made in Scout's costume, and points out that Mr. Ewell meant to seriously harm or kill the children. When Scout points out the man who carried Jem, she finally takes a good look at him. He is very, very pale, with thin cheeks and feathery hair, and seems somewhat tense and nervous. She suddenly recognizes him as Boo Radley and, moved to tears, says "Hey, Boo."

Chapter 30

The doctor returns and everyone moves to the back porch. Trying to be as friendly as possible, Scout leads Boo to the porch and assists him into a rocking chair placed in a darker corner, where she thinks he will feel most comfortable. As she helps Boo along, she feels the odd sensation of her fantasy about finding him sitting on the porch one day coming true. Meanwhile, the others are discussing who killed Mr. Ewell. Atticus thinks that Jem must have done it since Scout named Jem as her protector in her story. However, the sheriff insists continually that Mr. Ewell fell onto his knife and killed himself, which irritates Atticus, who wants Jem to be treated as fairly as anyone else and not have exceptions made. After much arguing, finally the sheriff yells out that he's not trying to protect Jem (he is trying to protect Boo). The sheriff urges Atticus, this once, to accept the situation even if it's not perfect according to law: Mr. Ewell was responsible for Tom's death, and the sheriff urges Atticus to "let the dead bury the dead." He says that it would be a sin to drag shy Boo Radley out into the limelight, and declares officially that Mr. Ewell fell on his own knife. Atticus, deeply moved by this revelation, asks Scout if she understands. Scout assures him that she does, explaining that having it another way would be like shooting a mockingbird. Atticus looks at Scout with a sense of wonder, and thanks Boo for the lives of his children.

Chapter 31

Standing on Boo's porch, Scout look out over the neighborhood imagining how Boo must have seen it, and how, for all these years, he watched over "his" children. Back home, Scout sits with Atticus, who begins to read her one of the scary children's stories he has picked up, which ironically mirrors the story of Boo Radley. Scout says she wasn't scared by the night's events, saying just as Jem had on their fateful walk home, that "nothing's really scary 'cept in books." She falls asleep while Atticus reads to her, and wakes up while he carries her to bed. She tells him she was listening all the time, and that the book is about a character who was chased and caught and then found to be innocent and "real nice." Atticus tells her, "most people are, when you finally see them." Atticus then spends the rest of the night by Jem's side.

Maycomb's reaction to the news of Tom's death demonstrates how willingly the citizens interpret the actions of one black person negatively in order to maintain their social construct of subjugating the black population. Scout realizes that the decision to see the world fairly can only occur within each individual's heart, and that there is no way to reach a person who has not become personally convinced of the equality of all races and the virtue of following a moral course of action.

However, for the black community, the news of Tom's death is devastating, as exemplified by Helen's collapse. Atticus could not promise Tom that he would eventually go free, because he did not want to promise anything he couldn't be sure of. Unable to live an indefinite existence, Tom lost his courage and determination, and chose to run for freedom. Possibly, like Jem, Tom lost hope that people would listen to the voice of reason. Given all the injustices he had experienced in his life, Tom did not think it possible that his case would be appealed or that the outcome would be favorable.

The roly-poly incident is yet another example of Jem's increasing maturity. Having witnessed Tom's trial and his family's reaction of his death, Jem has an even greater sense of the need to protect the innocent. Therefore, the roly-poly bug is a symbol of the weak and oppressed who are often "stomped on" by society. Jem believes in the equality of all people, and his choice to protect the roly-poly demonstrates how deeply ingrained this value is. Jem is becoming a young man of honor and moral virtue, just like his father.

In Chapter 26, the coldness of the schoolchildren demonstrates that children who grow up in racist households tend to develop racist attitudes quite early in life. Just as Jem and Scout grow up in a household valuing fairness and equality, and therefore adhere to such morals. This dichotomy once again shows how people's identities and values are shaped by the society and family life in which they are raised.

In this chapter, Boo has made the full transition from monster to sad recluse and potential friend. The events of the trial have made the children consider that maybe Boo needs a good home to run to (Dill's theory) or maybe he prefers to stay out of contact with people (Jem's theory). Scout dreams of finally getting to talk to Boo, showing her desire to make him feel at home, and to show him that people might not be so bad.

Miss Gates's statement that the persecuted Jews have contributed to every society they've been a part of implies that blacks are not contributing in any way to American society. She hypocritically believes that the Jews deserve sympathy because they are white, whereas the persecuted group of the blacks still deserves second-class citizenship. She also insinuates that because the United States is a democracy, fairness is available for all, when blacks are suffering from the same kinds of discrimination and segregation that Jews experience in Hitler's dictatorial regime. The "democracy" she speaks of is not an all-inclusive one that offers the same rights to all. Scout's awareness of her teacher's hypocrisy once again demonstrates her powerful understanding of the true meaning of fairness and equality. Jem is clearly still distraught by the trial, and needs time to allow his still adolescent mind to understand the events in a more adult way.

In Chapter 27, Mr. Link Deas is revealed as another member of the forces working for fairness in Maycomb by his defense of Helen against the menace of Mr. Ewell. (During Tom's trial, Mr. Deas stood up and shouted that he had never had a problem with Tom Robinson, and that he was a good worker and a good man. The judge immediately quieted him and instructed the jury to ignore his statements in order to avoid a mistrial.) Meanwhile, Mr. Ewell is again shown to be cowardly and evil, threatening those who can defend themselves least. This chapter continues to provide a building tale of suspense, as the book is clearly coming to a close, and we will soon learn how Jem broke his arm, and the final events the novel has been leading up to. The ordinary and harmless event Halloween pageant develops into an evening fraught with horror.

The night of the pageant, in Chapter 28, is filled with foreshadowing of the violent events to occur. Before the children leave, Aunt Alexandra has a feeling that something is going wrong and Scout notices a strange look pass over her face. Alexandra blames it on "someone walking over her grave". The intense darkness of the night also creates a sense of foreboding, as does Scout's inability to see things around her, trapped inside the large, bulky costume. Then, Scout misses her cue, and ends the night upset and embarrassed. When she and Jem turn around to go back for her shoes, the school lights go out, leaving the children alone in the darkness.

The attack occurs all around Scout and the sense of her helplessness makes the account of the violence more intense. Though the book began with a fear for the monstrous, phantom-like figure of Boo Radley, this chapter solidifies a reversal: Boo becomes the children's savior against the real evil, a human man. One reason that Dill dwells in fantasy rather real life is that nothing can be as frightening in fantasy as it can be in reality. Now that the children have grown older, they come to know vividly that the real source of evil to be concerned about comes from their fellowman, not from imaginary ghosts.

In Chapter 29, with the description of his hair as "feathery," Boo is immediately identified with the "mockingbird," especially with his slight appearance and fluttery hand movements. He has finally become a real person, completing the progression from monster to human; meanwhile, Mr. Ewell's evilness has turned him into a human monster, whose bristling facial stubble felt by Scout suggests an animal-like appearance. When Scout addresses Boo directly, she makes her final step into the beginnings of maturity, leaving her childhood imaginary tales behind. As a mature young girl, she recognizes Boo as a real person, and treats him as such.

In Chapter 30, Atticus is trying to uphold the law by demanding that Jem be brought to trial for the crime of murdering Mr. Ewell, not realizing that the sheriff is trying to protect Boo. As seen before in the case of the Ewell's, who are allowed to hunt in season, the law must be bent in order to protect certain people; in this case Boo needs protection. When Atticus understands the sheriff's motivation, he relents, realizing that it is in everyone's best interests to allow Boo to unofficially punish the Ewell's for the crime of trying to send Tom to his death. By this point, the "mockingbird" theme has already been made clear, but this chapter rehashes the idea that the innocent should not suffer in the hands of the powerful. When Scout compares putting Boo on trial to shooting a mockingbird, she again demonstrates her newfound maturity and adult understanding. Scout understands it is necessary to prevent Boo from receiving excessive public attention, and that Boo should be allowed to live the quiet life he has always known. She knows that at heart, Boo is a good person.

In Chapter 31, Scout finally acts the part of the hospitable Southern lady in assisting Boo around the house and seeing him home. She interacts with him in a serious and grown-up fashion. Though she runs to tell Jem when she first discovers Boo is in their house, she reacts against this childish reflex and tactfully gives Boo his privacy. Scout has learned how to be a guide for others, as shown by her symbolic act of leading Boo to safety. She can visualize things from his perspective now, as Atticus once advised her to do, and from his front porch, she imagines how he has seen the years pass, and watched herself, Jem and Dill grow up. In this reflective moment, Scout also neatly summarizes the events of the book, reminding the reader of all that passed for her and her family to reach this point.

Scout shows that even though she has discovered that people (Mr. Ewell) can be evil in unfathomable ways, she still upholds her faith in humankind and can face anything with courage. Unlike Dill, she finds that the real world does follow patterns, and once one knows them, the world of fantasy and books is the only place where real fear can exist. Despite her growth and maturation, Scout is still a child at only eight years old, and we last see her as she falls asleep in her father's arms. The author very carefully avoids giving the reader any information about Scout's future. Instead, we are left with an image of Scout when she is discovering fundamental truths about the world. She understands that the world carries both good and evil, and she has an unshakeable faith in the inherent goodness of "folks."


Ankerberg Show with Dr. John Ankerberg
Is God on America's Side? - Part 3
How can Christians be involved in changing moral and public policies in America, but not cloud the issue of the gospel? Does God have a side in the moral and public policies being debated in our country? In today’s culture war, what are liberals and conservatives missing? What seven biblical principles describe how God deals with nations?

Oferta destacada de Ankerberg Show

What Do Jehovah's Witnesses Believe? Answers Christians Need to Know

Dr. Ankerberg interviews three former Jehovah's Witnesses and two experts on this fast growing religious movement. Some topics discussed include information on what Jehovah's Witnesses teach about Jesus, the Trinity, and other biblical beliefs as well as the difference between the Bible and the New World Translation.

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We Serve Alumni Too!

PREPs works directly with alumni in several capacities. First, PREPs provides career advising and exploration to alumni that are job searching or looking to change careers. Additionally, alumni also serve as valuable employer connections and can be tapped to mentor current students, serve on panels and provide internship and other job opportunities.

Choose from the options below to find the resources that best fit your needs:


The Whip's Role

The Whip is the second ranking elected official in the House Democratic Caucus. Congressman Steny Hoyer (D-MD) was elected Democratic Whip by acclamation on November 14, 2002.

The "Whipper In"

The name for the position of Whip is derived from the term "whipper in", which is a British term for the person responsible for keeping the foxhounds from leaving the pack. It was first used in the House of Commons in the late 1700s. In 1897, Speaker
Thomas Reed (R-ME) first adopted the term in the U.S. House of Representatives when he appointed Representative James A. Tawney (R-MN) a whip to help him keep track of party Members. The first Democratic Whip was appointed in 1901, and an official whip organization was first extensively used in the 1930s by the Democrats.

Today’s Whip

The Democratic Leader appointed the Democratic whip until 1986, since then the caucus has elected the Whip. The Whip is assisted in his or her duties by a large whip organization made up of Members and staff.

Mobilizing the Democratic Vote

The Whip talks to Democratic Members about their level of support for a piece of legislation before it comes to the Floor for a major vote. The Whip also works with Members to build strong support within the caucus for the Democratic agenda.

Liaison Between Members and Leadership

The Whip acts as liaison between Democratic Members and their Leadership by distributing information to Members such as the upcoming schedule of legislation, and providing information to Leadership concerning support within the caucus for various pieces of legislation.
The Whip provides Members with the "Weekly Whip" and the"Daily Whip", which detail by week and day respectively the legislation on the House floor. In addition to the Weekly Whip and the Daily Whip, the Whip also distributes the House calendar, which lists the days of the year that the House of Representatives is expected to be in session.

Coordinating Strategy

Finally, the Whip coordinates legislative strategy and scheduling with the Democratic Leader. The Whip is charged with "getting out the vote," by ensuring that Members will be present on the floor during close votes. The Whip is largely responsible for coordinating voting strategy among the party members to ensure wide support among caucus members for the Democratic position.


I've recently seen a number of questions closed as duplicates of questions which explain general debug procedures (like this one). I usually encounter these duplicates when the original question contains insufficient information to diagnose the issue.

While it's true that the generic answer will be of use to the OP, is it correct to accept these duplicates? I often find myself hitting "Skip" or instead marking the question as "lacks sufficient information", as I'm concerned that a genuinely unique problem will remain unsolved due to its having been closed as a generic duplicate.

1 Answer 1

up vote 18 down vote accepted

No, they should not be closed as duplicates of Unfortunately MyApp has stopped. How can I solve this?.

It is a perfectly good question and answer. But questions like Moving files from source to destination folder in android and Sqlite database size compare with local db size (from your SEDE query) are hardly duplicates of it. It may help the OP of the example questions, but it doesn't answer the question (and most of the time the answers will be different). So by definition it's not a duplicate.

That doesn't mean the example questions shouldn't be closed for other reasons, they just shouldn't be closed for that reason.

So how do you prevent guess-answers from being posted until OP figures out the underlying issue and changes their question title and body entirely? –  CodeCaster May 27 '14 at 15:47
@code You can still close the question as too broad. When the OP edits the question it will automatically be moved to the reopen queue. –  slugster May 27 '14 at 20:48
@CodeCaster, I prefer the "Off topic" option of "because it lacks sufficient information to diagnose the problem. Describe your problem in more detail or include a minimal example" ..., since I feel that the OP is more likely to solve their own problem in the process of creating the minimal example. –  Simon MᶜKenzie May 27 '14 at 23:23
@SimonMᶜKenzie, I do too, though it could be argued that the proposed canonical answer would help with that. –  Paul Draper May 28 '14 at 4:56
@PaulDraper, true, but I also feel that since the question will look superficially similar to its "duplicate", a reopen is less likely to succeed once a duplicate has been marked. –  Simon MᶜKenzie May 28 '14 at 5:14

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Barked: Thu Mar 1, '07 11:14pm PST
1.The correct answer was Submission.
Your dog is expressing that he does not wish to challenge your leadership. He accepts that you are the boss. Submissive dogs never stare at dominant dogs. Don't punish a dog that acts like this- he's already saying, 'You're the boss!'
2. The correct answer was I am afraid and may bite or run..
This is the classic profile of a fear biter. These dogs are the most dangerous, as they feel that they must bite to protect themselves. If they can run, they will, but if they feel cornered they will attack, often ferociously. They don't have the confidence of the dominant dog. Give this dog an escape route and don't force yourself on him!
3. The correct answer was I smell a bitch in heat.
This may be related to a courtship ritual in which the male dog nibbles the hair on the ears of the female. It may also help increase the transfer of scent to the nasal membranes.
4. The correct answer was To show that he is the boss..
Despite many misconceptions, this is a dominance ritual. It is perfectly normal. Neutered dogs and females also mount to show dominance.
5. The correct answer was I may bite you..
This is a very dominant dog. If you stare at him or otherwise challenge his dominance, he is likely to bite. When a dog like this comes towards you, turn your side to the dog and do not stare at him! Talk soothingly and quietly, and try to back away.
6. The correct answer was Play with me!.
This is a happy, relaxed dog who wants to have some fun!
7. The correct answer was I am nervous..
Dogs yawn when they are nervous about something. You often see dogs yawn in obedience classes when an owner is being too harsh with them. Some misled owners correct yawning dogs thinking that they are not paying attention- bad idea!
8. The correct answer was Hello!.
Believe it or not, this is a friendly gesture! It's equivalent to a human handshake. Dogs will grasp each others' muzzles in the same way.
9. The correct answer was I am submissive..
This puppy should not be punished. This behavior is the canine equivalent of saying, 'I'm sorry!' and if you punish it you'll set up a vicious cycle of reoccurrence.
10. The correct answer was He needs a break..
Behaviors like scratching and shaking like a wet dog happen because of 'sensory overload.' The dog needs a break to calm down.


NXC  Version 1.2.1 r5
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Sound module

Constants and functions related to the Sound module. More...

 Sound module constants
 Constants that are part of the NXT firmware's Sound module.
 Sound module functions
 Functions for accessing and modifying sound module features.
 Sound module types
 Types used by various sound module functions.

Detailed Description

Constants and functions related to the Sound module.

The NXT sound module encompasses all sound output features. The NXT provides support for playing basic tones as well as two different types of files.

Sound files (.rso) are like .wav files. They contain thousands of sound samples that digitally represent an analog waveform. With sounds files the NXT can speak or play music or make just about any sound imaginable.

Melody files are like MIDI files. They contain multiple tones with each tone being defined by a frequency and duration pair. When played on the NXT a melody file sounds like a pure sine-wave tone generator playing back a series of notes. While not as fancy as sound files, melody files are usually much smaller than sound files.

When a sound or a file is played on the NXT, execution of the program does not wait for the previous playback to complete. To play multiple tones or files sequentially it is necessary to wait for the previous tone or file playback to complete first. This can be done via the Wait API function or by using the sound state value within a while loop.

The NXC API defines frequency and duration constants which may be used in calls to PlayTone or PlayToneEx. Frequency constants start with TONE_A3 (the 'A' pitch in octave 3) and go to TONE_B7 (the 'B' pitch in octave 7). Duration constants start with MS_1 (1 millisecond) and go up to MIN_1 (60000 milliseconds) with several constants in between. See NBCCommon.h for the complete list.


Washington, DC - Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack today released the following statement:

"Across the country, farmers and ranchers are taking action to protect natural resources, and the Administration's Methane Reduction Strategy provides additional voluntary actions producers can take to cut methane emissions. USDA will help producers implement these strategies, including methane capture technologies like anaerobic digesters and biogas systems, which create jobs and allow producers to tap into a $3 billion market for renewable energy. Since 2009, USDA has provided $62 million in support for 93 methane digester projects across the United States.

The voluntary strategies outlined today expand USDA's efforts to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. USDA's Climate Hubs conduct critical research to deliver practical tools and information to help farmers and ranchers. USDA and the Environmental Protection Agency have also challenged every American to do their part to reduce food thrown away at home to cut the amount of food waste in landfills producing greenhouse gases.

Collectively, these efforts will reduce the impact of climate change on farmers and ranchers, improve public health, and increase the security of our nation's food supply."


The Analyst™

Comprehensive diagnosis of your symptoms

  Vitamin Paba
Search treatments and conditions

PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) is classified as a vitamin-like substance. PABA is a component of many biological systems and participates in many metabolic processes. It appears to function as a coenzyme in the conversion of certain chemical intermediates to purines. It has also been suggested that PABA has an antifibrosis activity, increasing oxygen uptake at the tissues. This increase in oxygen may enhance monoamine oxidase activity; furthermore, it is believed that too little monoamine oxidase activity is a contributing factor to fibrosis. It has been reported that folic acid and vitamin C assist the absorption of PABA while ethanol, coffee, sulfa drugs, and cola drinks prevent absorption. PABA is commonly used as a topical sunscreen, absorbing ultraviolet light. However, it does not absorb in the near ultraviolet range (350 to 400 nanometers) and thus does not prevent drug-related photosensitivity and phototoxicity. PABA has been used in combination with salicylates in the treatment of rheumatic fever.

Some people believe that PABA is not necessary for human health. However, as it occurs naturally in our food supply (in liver, yeast, wheat germ, and molasses), it may be there for as yet unknown reason.

A safe daily dose is 30mg per day, but higher doses are used for therapeutic reasons. Deficiency symptoms include fatigue, irritability, depression, nervousness, headache, constipation, and other digestive disorders.

Vitamin Paba can help with the following:
Autoimmune  Dermatitis Herpetiformis
 Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in large doses (10 to 25gm per day) may reduce or eliminate the skin lesions of DH. People with DH have remained symptom-free for as long as 30 months. Because of these high doses, a watchful eye should be kept for any evidence of side effects. [Arch Dermatol Syph 1951;63: pp.115-32]

 There have been several cases where paba, taken as "Potaba", caused significant and lasting improvement in those with dermatomyositis. Suppression and reversal of autoimmunity seemed to occur. Doses taken ranged up to 20 grams per day. [N Y State J Med 63: pp.140-4, 1963]

  Low Adrenal Function / Adrenal Insufficiency
 PABA potentiates the hormone cortisol. When cortisol is being supplemented, the dosage of PABA may need to be reduced.

  Metabolic Diet Type

  Peyronie's Disease
 PABA has been suggested for diseases in which abnormal fibrous tissue is involved, such as Peyronie's disease. However, no double-blind studies have been performed. [Tech Urol 3: pp.135-139, 1997]

 Weeping eczema has been noted in some people with PABA deficiency as well as patchy areas on the skin.

  Female Infertility
 Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) stimulates the pituitary gland and sometimes restores fertility to some women who cannot conceive.

  Perimenopausal Status / Issues
 PABA helps potentiate hormones, especially in women moving toward menopause.

May do some good
Likely to help
Highly recommended

Coenzyme:  A heat stable molecule that must be associated with another enzyme for the enzyme to perform its function in the body. It is necessary in the utilization of vitamins and minerals.

Constipation:  Difficult, incomplete, or infrequent evacuation of dry, hardened feces from the bowels.

Folic Acid:  A B-complex vitamin that functions along with vitamin B-12 and vitamin C in the utilization of proteins. It has an essential role in the formation of heme (the iron containing protein in hemoglobin necessary for the formation of red blood cells) and DNA. Folic acid is essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tubular defects in the developing fetus.

Metabolism:  The chemical processes of living cells in which energy is produced in order to replace and repair tissues and maintain a healthy body. Responsible for the production of energy, biosynthesis of important substances, and degradation of various compounds.

Milligram:  (mg): 1/1,000 of a gram by weight.

Monoamine Oxidase:  (MAO) Enzyme catalyzing the removal of an amine group from a variety of substrates, including norepinephrine and dopamine.

PABA:  (Para Aminobenzoic Acid): May be considered part of the Vitamin B complex. As a coenzyme, PABA functions in the breakdown and utilization of proteins and in the formation of red blood cells.

Topical:  Most commonly 'topical application': Administration to the skin.

Yeast:  A single-cell organism that may cause infection in the mouth, vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and any or all bodily parts. Common yeast infections include candidiasis and thrush.


Ten Essential Public Health Services

Throughout the United States, public health agencies can serve a city or town, a county, or an entire state. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention serves as the nation’s public health agency and also helps coordinate responses to problems that cross state boundaries.

Regardless of a public health agency’s jurisdiction or size, the “10 Essential Public Health Services” is the fundamental framework that guides public health activities throughout the United States.

  1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
  2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.
  3. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
  4. Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
  5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
  6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
  7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of healthcare when otherwise unavailable.
  8. Assure a competent public health and personal healthcare workforce.
  9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services.
  10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.


1028.4 #168 (DL Qual #81

Feb 24, 2013 10:41 AM  Disneyland Talk Land
It's Official: March 23 it is. 🍃LIVERMORE🍃Meet up. Due to the movie not being out, this is a rough draft of the schedule. We will start out with lunch at 2pm and Movie around 6. Coffee in between lunch and movie. Please make suggestions for a lunch place. You are welcome to join us anytime. Dm me or TinkerSchelle if you have any questions. I'm excited for this! Should you wear your mickey ears or where emerald green for the event 🍀🎩🍃you automatically get entered (one per family)to win an Oz prize🎩🍀

This sounds like it will be a blast! Enjoy yourselves! - KylaShea  632.7 #298 10:53AM
Wish you could come. - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 11:03AM
me too! I want to see all you amazing people again - KylaShea  632.7 #298 11:19AM
This will mark my first meetup, so excited I can't wait! - ribidib  1177.9 #137 6:20PM
sounds great. I can't wait..! - David09  731.5 #247 6:31PM
Can't wait to meet you all!!!! We have a fun day ahead of us!!!!😉 - TinkerSchelle  1783.3 #85 7:36PM
First Street Ale House has pretty darn good food...and beer if you are in the mood.... - CVDisneyland  388.1 #548 10:56PM
Hey guys! Would you guys be oppose to 3D IMAX in Dublin? - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 9:18AM
Not at all. Might be easier for accommodating a larger group, anyway. - MeridaFan  3584.6 #36 9:41AM
It's $19.00 for adults and $14.50 for children. - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 10:31AM
Dublin is closer to me than Livermôre. I don't know how much or which part of the meet up I'll attend. Gonna be hard with my kiddos. - LaPearleNoir  1638.1 #95 12:32PM
I prefer Livermore because I'm cheap😂 ($10x3 is better then $19x3)...oh and their popcorn is better too. But we'll go with whatever ya'll choose. - Linzee  1121.5 #150 12:38PM
I can come but will need to bring my 2 kiddos. - LaPearleNoir  1638.1 #95 11:09AM
Yes please. - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 11:11AM
Can't wait!! - hatgal76  444.5 #460 11:14AM
Yay! You'll be there too. - LaPearleNoir  1638.1 #95 12:32PM
Awesome, I can't wait! This is going to be so much fun. - Bibba  409.4 #513 11:35AM
Yay can't wait!!! - ShannonAzevedo  157.1 #2539 11:38AM
I like the idea of green and mouse ears for the event. Green mouse ears ;-). But the mouse ears might not be so nice for those sitting behind us in the theater. - Bibba  409.4 #513 11:46AM
Not for the movies, defiently take them down by than. 👍 - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 11:57AM
Very exciting!!! We are trying to make this our first mw meet up! - mcramos925  410.8 #510 12:05PM
You should go, it will by my first one also - Linzee  1121.5 #150 10:11PM
Me three 😊 - ribidib  1177.9 #137 5:22AM
I really want to see that movie so bad!!!! - DisneyDanielle2000  3.1 #35898 12:09PM
Thank you so much for organizing this meet up, me and my girlfriend Elidina29 have every intention of attending. - ribidib  1177.9 #137 5:08PM
This would be so much fun except not sure what the Birthday plans will be for me that day! If I had to choose for the meal my choice would be Simply Fondue..but well that is very pricey! But I will see if the family/friends have anything planned if not I may try to make it since this is closer to me than SF was. - yellowtonka  241.5 #1403 5:27PM
Oh I hope you make it. If not, we shall have a Modesto meet up soon. Maybe in April 😁 - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 10:06PM
Maybe I can help plan a Modesto or even Manteca meetup...maybe bowling or minature golf or something like that or just a BBQ at a park in Ripon or something..I dunno..we can figure something out! - yellowtonka  241.5 #1403 6:22PM
Oh that sounds fun! I'll dm my phone number. - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 6:45PM
ok. I may have your # from the SF Meetup. Cool! Ill text you and we can figure something out. - yellowtonka  241.5 #1403 7:21PM
Oooooo! I hope we get to spend your birthday with you cutie!!!!!😘🎉 - TinkerSchelle  1783.3 #85 7:37PM
Bumping🎩🍃🎩🍃 - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 2:58PM
Less than a month away. - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 5:32PM
We should be there for the movie 🎥😊 - Linzee  1121.5 #150 3:02PM
sorry to hijack your post but I want to have a meetup in DTD to get a bunch to go see this. Cannot wait!! - secretagentangel  2171.5 #65 5:47PM
"off with your head," wrong movie😁 - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 6:17PM
Thats exciting!! - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 6:19PM
Another perfect place not too far from Anaheim is the ipic theater in Pasadena. Tickets are about $28 a person but the theater has approx 48 seats. The seats are recliners and they serve cocktails. Mwers could technically rent out the whole show. - aidensmama  340.2 #661 6:22PM
do you know if we can make a reservation? if not, maybe i can call them tomorrow, we could carpool from various places and watch it, I would love to see it in a place with a great screen. - secretagentangel  2171.5 #65 6:49PM
oh, and sorry again for the hijacking, especially since it is at the top so I will make another post for us peeps down here. :( - secretagentangel  2171.5 #65 6:52PM
You can order tickets ahead of time. That is really recommended as tickets are already selling out. - aidensmama  340.2 #661 6:55PM
You can check them out at ipictheaters.com. Sorry as well. :) - aidensmama  340.2 #661 6:57PM
Never attended a meet up. Are they fun?? - jammingjoe  24.3 #6234 6:14PM
Nah - philliprocks  1176.3 #138 6:18PM
Is this a tricky question? - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 6:44PM
This one most certainly will be!!! AED keeps texting me her fun ideas! You won't want to miss it!!!! 😉👍PR-I'm gonna get you!!!!😜 - TinkerSchelle  1783.3 #85 7:35PM
Some of you are from Livermore too? Woot woot. I'm in SoCal for a few more weeks and then back home to NorCal. - FairyGrandmother  292.0 #914 1:15AM
I'm actually 40 minutes away but most live somewhat in the area. - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 8:35AM
I know! It's awesome to see so many MWers in the Livermore area! Wish I could be there for the meet up! - Dawnsharks  76.2 #3889 12:57PM
I'm Livermore! 😘 - TinkerSchelle  1783.3 #85 8:55AM
Walnut creek but we got married in Livermore at wente vineyards. So we are not too far away - mcramos925  410.8 #510 1:33PM
I'm in, sounds fun! Looking forward to meeting all of you! Just saw a few minutes of it at Disney this weekend, I think it be great in 3D! Let me know if there is anything I can do to help. 😃 - piratelife4me  1008.1 #175 11:04AM
I'd love to attend. Let me see what my schedule is like. - Eticket15  72.9 #3954 11:38AM
I live in the east bay and would love to go. Can someone dm me? - miss_rachel  120.3 #3149 1:33PM
Just dm'd you. - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 1:51PM
Yay!!! - TinkerSchelle  1783.3 #85 8:56AM
🎩who wants 3D IMAX? - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 8:43AM
I would love to see it in 3d, but I want to do whatever is the best for the majority to ensure that as many of the MWers can attend, it's my first so I would prefer to meet as many of u as possible 😃 - ribidib  1177.9 #137 8:50AM
I want 3D IMAX!!! - David09  731.5 #247 12:28PM
Ok so is it now in Dublin? Or is that what we are trying to figure out? - mcramos925  410.8 #510 10:17AM
It's a possibity! Only if everyone is ok with that. IMAX is at Dublin. Let me know what you think? - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 10:24AM
Either place is good for my mom and I...can't wait to meet everyone! - Mepenguin16  168.4 #2358 10:36AM
Alright! Sorry guys, just trying to see what works for us. Due to some concerns of IMAX, we are sticking to regular screen. Those who don't have dm you can email me at Disneylandd1981@hotmail.com - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 10:50AM
FTR, I was just joking around, my family gives me a hard time about all of my couponing and do it yourself, please tell me you didn't stick with Livermore because of my lame "I'm a cheap-o" comment😂. - Linzee  1121.5 #150 12:46PM
Sounds great! And hey couponing isn't bad! I was someone who also said stick with Livermore. I get horrible headaches from IMAX. We can sit I. The back together hahaha jk - mcramos925  410.8 #510 1:35PM
Keep me informed please - E-Ticket  1393.1 #110 7:01PM
Any further details for this meetup? - yellowtonka  241.5 #1403 8:35PM
Yes! Will update info. On saturday. - adventurerEnDisneylandia {AED}  1028.4 #168 8:39PM
I found a babysitter so my plans are finally set. I am in for lunch and coffee. I'm so excited to meet more MW friends! - LaPearleNoir  1638.1 #95 10:25PM

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Audience: Informal education

This is an activity about the detection of magnetic storms. Learners will plot the locations of magnetic observatories in Canada and analyze the magnetic intensity for each station, looking for the difference between stable magnetic activity and the... (View More)

Audience: High school


The Birth of Biography

During the Hellenistic period, we assist to a changed conception of the Greek man and his life. He is finally rather freed from the ties that characterised the 5th century b.C. scenario where he was seen, and consequently felt himself, mainly – if not exclusively – as a member of the community, a citizen of his πόλις, principally belonging to his family and his tribe. His life was now conceivable under a diverse and autonomous perspective, far away from the authority thanks to the new larger distances that Alexander the Great had created within his humongous empire.

Greek man starts joining clubs in accordance with his trade or hobbies, begins reading avidly and more down to earth subjects rather than the topics upon which epic and the classic tragedy was based. Realism was the main issue in those days: artists active in any field (sculpture, painting, poetry…) started to represent reality in any possible way, leaving to the past the canons of the classic period. This implied no more images of gods and heroes, representing abstractly beauty, courage and rage, but realistic and more common resembling people with feelings and even flaws! In this very same period the interest for great men grew, as well as the audience of readers, including for the first time even women. This interest stimulated the birth of biography as an independent literary genre from history.

During the classical period the interest of historians like Herodotus and Thucydides for biography had been quite immaterial, as it was not even considered a separate genre. Probably the attention exclusively placed on ideal characters, myths and epic heroes prevented any interest in the analysis of the actual men. Furthermore life was believed in the hands of Τύχη (chance or fate) and consequently any effort of men on earth was of no avail – men’s frailty meant to a certain extent their uselessness. Finally men were deemed too equal to leave anyone enough room to excel too much with respect to his fellow citizens.

Nonetheless, we find early writers who commenced narrating about some personal characteristics or episodes, such as Ion of Chios (490 b.C.) who wrote in his Epidemiai (Travels) also anecdotes about Pericles and Sophocles in order to give to his readers some additional information about the person and not simply of his opus or acts.

Almost one century later Isocrates (with his Evagoras I of Salamina) and Xenophon (with his Agesilaus II of Sparta) developed a new variant: the encomium, which is the biography of kings and emperors mainly aimed at magnifying their greatness as men as well as monarchs.

Aristoxenus of Taras can be considered the real father of biography as a separate literary category. A convinced Pythagorean he travelled widely and then settled down in Athens, where he became one of the best students of Aristotle. Disillusioned for not having been appointed as successor of Aristotle in leading the Lyceum, he left the school (322 b.C.) and started writing extensively (about 450 books) on almost any possible subject (history, musicology, philosophy etc.). Unfortunately only three books of the Elements of Harmony, an incomplete musical treatise, have reached us.

Aristoxenus wrote biographies of Pythagoras, Archytas, Socrates, and Plato. His approach to biography was not simply following the Aristotelic interest for the classification of individual characters, since his personal idea was to rely on the interpretation of life and writings of great men in order to comprehend their thought and greatness. Aristoxenus was probably the first one who showed that great men were not merely or solely the heroes, kings or generals, but people who had a memorable life thank also to their thought – evidence is that he lived in the age of Alexander the Great, whose biography he did not write….

Thus with his writings he initiated a new genre, and almost all the successive biographers started following his framework, as a template: historical scenario, birth, early youth, paramount episodes to reveal the character and finally death. Aristoxenus often liked to enrich this framework with stingy personal opinions plus anecdotes and curiosities generally in order to show off his vast culture and deep erudition.

Following the trail created by Aristoxenus, Satyrus of Callatis Pontica, who lived and worked mainly in Egypt, wrote biographies of Euripides, Pythagoras, and Demosthenes. Then he shifted his attention to Dionysus II of Syracuse, and Philip II of Macedonia. He was, nevertheless, a balanced writer avoiding to downsize his biographies to legendary tales

Antigonus of Caristos was principally a sculptor; probably he participated to some bronze artefacts in Pergamus by Attalus court. However he wrote his Lives of the Philosophers, a very detailed and erudite account, based on original material and personal interviews. Almost in the same period Hieronymus of Cardias wrote nearly an encomium of Demetrius I Poliorcetes.

Also true historians, in their comprehensive and encyclopaedic writings, started to write and linger more on life of important characters. Theopompus, of Chios (378-323 b.C.) wrote extensively about Philip II of Macedonia, plus encomia of Mausolus, Philip and Alexander. Even Polybius, within his famous historical treatise on the birth and growth of the Roman Empire, lingers on the personality of the Achaean general Philopoemen.

Regardless this production and the growing interest of the readers, both biography and autobiography, whose first example is the Memoirs of Aratus of Sicyon (271-213 b.C.), were destined to be considered a minor art, a sub-category of history even centuries later in Rome…

Later on, starting with Plutarch biography slowly acquired its own dignity, and as much as someone more recently has reached to the conclusion that History itself is made of the histories of those who have had the fortune/misfortune to influence it.

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Why and whys of Philosophy

Why Philosophy? In other words what is the use of Philosophy, especially nowadays: in a hyper technical world, characterised by a fast, often brief and strongly superficial communication and even more by a quite rare inclination to introspection and meditation, and a tough reluctance to activities without a direct either social, career-wise or financial return.

Well I must admit that the response is not an easy one. I would start by saying that in the first place the enquiry itself is not well formulated and it already contains and shows at the same time the limits of a widely diffused current way of thinking: not all the activities a person performs must necessarily have a direct usefulness, in terms of present return or even of future spendability.

If you consider it, you will realise that Philosophy itself is the repudiation of this principle, since it means love for study, research and intellectual speculation. This love for knowledge is pure and uninterested and its only aim is knowledge.

This approach has lead – and still leads – the philosopher to ask himself questions which not necessarily, and rather seldom, have answers. Regardless the difficulties or impossibility of proposing answers philosophers have been asking themselves on behalf of the whole human kind the most capital whys and hows. Why do we live? Why we feel necessary to believe in something supernatural? What are the laws of the universe? How is the world born? What is the sense of life? Is there something after death? Should we believe in an overall supernatural justice? Is everything already written somewhere or we have the power of changing the course of our life? What is the conduct we should maintain in our life?

I know it is overwhelming: for over three thousand years the early scientists, thinkers, religious at the beginning and the true sole philosophers afterwards have been trying to contemplate responses to these questions. Some, but not all, of their explanations and solutions might seem naïve, especially when you go to the dawn of these studies, in the Greek Ionian City-states located on the West coast of what we call now Turkey.

Of course within these three millennia the progress in scientific studies and their technical applications have been enormous, but what is remarkably important is to note the strong need for these people, along all these centuries and still now, to ask themselves and try to give answers, a constant research which demonstrates the consistency of the inquisitive aspects of human nature, regardless the achievements, discovers and inventions. Some scientific theories, therefore, have been surpassed, and many inventions have been outshined; but I challenge you to throw the entire thought of an ancient Philosopher, some or even many of his findings cannot be considered old and inapplicable to our times.

Naturally still now, most if not all, of these question are unanswered – which makes Philosophy so present. A very controversial situation, in a world into which people are so used to believe that there are answers ready made for everyone…

I personally believe that Philosophy ought to help anyone to give to things and events the right weight and significance, to balance the judgment of situations, persons and relations, to develop a deeper consciousness of being.

Thus it ought to be studied, not for the sake of reaching responses, since, as it is easily understandable it would be a real disappointing exercise; but for the sake of the questions themselves. The research, the introspection, the speculations will widen the spectrum through which reading of our experiences and hopefully to break the often narrowness of our vision of the world.

Then expect a new, more critical approach to the interpretation of life, against the supine acceptance of the too widely and invasively proposed standards and cliché.

Don’t you think it is worth? I know I myself fell into the trap of proposing to study philosophy in order to achieve a direct goal, the real freedom of thought… after all also I am a child of these times…

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This data viewing tool from NOAA is highly engaging and offers nearly instant access to dozens of datasets about Earth. Users select from atmosphere, ocean, land, cryosphere, and climate, and drill down from there into more detailed categories.

In this activity learners work in pairs or small groups to apply knowledge of energy-wise habits to evaluate energy use in their school and make recommendations for improved efficiency. Students create and use an energy audit tool to collect data and present recommendations to their class. Further communication at the school and district level is encouraged.

Activity is a Project BudBurst/National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) exploration of eco-climactic domains, as defined by NEON, by investigating characteristics of a specific domain and studying two representative plants in that domain.

In this video, several scientists identify and describe examples of increasing health problems that they believe are related to climate change.

This video explores what scientists know about how changes in global climate and increasing temperatures affect different extreme weather events.

This video provides a comprehensive introduction to the role of coral reefs, the physiology of corals, and the impacts of both ocean warming and acidification on coral survival. It highlights experts from the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences and the University of Miami.