Sentence Examples with the word Pulleys

Wrapping ConnectorsBelts, Cords and Chains Flat belts of leather or of gutta percha, round cords of catgut, hemp or other material, and metal chains are used as wrapping connectors to transmit rotatory motion between pairs of pulleys and drums.

This system presents the greatest advantages in point of economy of driving power, especially where the gradients are variable, but is expensive in first cost, and is not well suited for curves, and branch roads cannot be worked continuously, as a fresh set of pulleys worked by bevel gearing is required for each branch.

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Guide pulleys are set with their diametral planes in the planes containing corresponding pairs of tangents, and a continuous belt wrapped round these pulleys in due order can then be run in either direction.

Benjamin (American Machinist, 1898) on castiron pulleys loaded by a belt to imitate the conditions in practice led him to the conclusion that the rim is usually not sufficiently rigid to load the arms equally, and that the ends of the arms are subjected to bending movements of opposite sign, that at the nave being almost invariably the greater.

Wooden pulleys are preferably made of maple, the rim being formed of small sections morticed, pinned and glued together, with the grain set in such directions that any warping of the material will leave the cylindrical form practically unaltered.

Wooden pulleys are generally made in two halves, bolted together at the rim and nave, and are provided with wooden spokes dovetailed into the rim and secured by keys.


Saturday, August 8, 2009

Reindeer Games

How to go about explaining this... I just got done with 10 days on the road criss-crossing the highways of Norway. And when I say "on the road" I mean just that. The furthest I ever got away from the great asphalt dragon was maybe a quarter of a mile. Sleeping on the side of the road in either my rented car {nicknamed "Gonzo", I was reading a biography of Hunter Thompson at the time...} or one of the small dollhouse looking cabins that dot the countryside. My goal, to see as many of the rest stops and national tourist roads as my stamina and our current world's reserve of oil would allow. I got pretty close I'll tell you, but it was a whirlwind adventure of blurred forms, slow moving sheep, and twisty paths. To quickly sum up, here are my "stats":

-10 days/9 nights
-5200+ km driven
-1 broken side mirror
-5 nights snoring in the passenger seat
-2 hot meals {and one lousy burger}
-25+ stall outs {all the first two days}
-10 National Tourist Roads
-3 construction site visits
-1 hard hat
-50+ reindeer
-god knows how many sheep
-17 projects

There is a great website called that provides tons of great information and pictures on the projects, both those already done and what is planned. By the year 2015 there will be upwards of 200 architectural interventions scattered along the roads, with the hopes of encouraging tourism to the more remote locations in Norway. For the most part, the roads tend to be either right along the rocky coast or in the heights of the mountains, from one extreme of sea level to the next. Just to give you one indication of how remote some of these places are, for one project I had to drive past a cemetery, through wind farm, and turn onto a gravel path in order to get to a restaurant overlooking the arctic ocean...

I was interested to see how the various architects associated with the projects were going to approach the construction. Many of the projects are at the top of mountains where you have to wind your way up one lane turned 2 car roads in order to access the site, much less getting heavy equipment in place. But where there is a will there is a way and I must say I was astounded by the differences among roads and interventions of materials and methods used. From wood, to concrete, to steel, to glass, rocks, you name it, it shows up in one form or the other. Some successfully, others in my opinion end up being preconceived sleek forms plopped down in the nether reaches of the country. But I would say the vast majority take a definite standpoint on designing the project from the end to the start, and by that I mean thinking about how it will be built/transported to the site from the get go and letting the design develop towards that goal.

Many projects were broken down to a minimal amount of materials. Concrete and metal in the case of the lookout at Rondane, wood and metal at Lillefjord. Though the forms are incredibly sculptural and seemingly complex, when you study them for a while you actually find out that they are quite simple structurally. By that I mean many times they use an incredibly "dumb" structural base, and use another more malleable material to make the jagged shapes and cants.

A perfect case is the rest stop in Senja. From initially looking at its wonky path and skewed bathroom core, you would assume it was a feat of both physics and structural gymnastics. But on closer observation you can uncover that the steel structure that it rests on is extremely simple and rigid. The metal columns resting on the rock below are in an unwavering grid and work their way down the landscape in a straight line with the rhythm of one, two, gap, three, gap, one, two, gap, three, etc... A simple bolt connection holds them in place eliminating the need for extensive and expensive on site welding. The the easier to manipulate wooden members are allowed to slide and shift along the already established steel path, creating a path that is seemingly as organic as the rock formation it rests on. Even the concrete core that is used to form the restrooms is really a quite simple skewed concrete cube that has inserts for wood left out. The core is simple and achieves its visual complexity through wooden slats going in different directions.

Another one of my favorite projects from the lens of maximum impact with minimal materials is the lookout in Rondane by Carl Viggo Holmebakk. Most rest stops are latent in the sense that they do not actively engage the landscape, content to hang back and offer someone somewhere to pee or sit if need be. The concrete lookout actually amplifies its surroundings in the sense that you would normally just pass through this stretch of highway, barely noticing the countless trees as they are everywhere you look. By their repetition they become just another blur of the landscape to be whizzed by. Holmebakk shows the importance of a seemingly random grove of trees by establishing a raised concrete platform that winds and weaves its way through the existing trees. Casting off their shackles of obscurity, the flora is given a sense of nobility. Redwood royalty in the making. The platform is made entirely of concrete except for the openings in the floor, which are covered in a steel mesh to allow light to filter down to the underside. Not at the base of the trees anymore, since the ground continues to fall away, the further out you walk the higher you become in the surrounding canopy. The whole project if relatively small, maybe 80 feet or so from the entrance to the tip, but so well executed you view the landscape in a completely different way than you would have before.

I've been thinking a lot about rest stops actually {see picture above of me thinking as proof}. And as the thesis cloud begins to loom overhead my thoughts are starting to converge before the inevitable downpour in January and beyond. What a loaded word. "Rest Stop". A place to stop and rest, but what does one truly need to rest? It can't be as simple as alleviation of bodily fluids and a stiff board for a back rest. How can you design an architectural intervention that allows for both resting of the body and mind? One that becomes an active participant in the landscape, not content to sit idly by on the bench but transforming and enhancing the existing condition. Presenting it in a way that you never would have thought of before. Rest stops by their nature are only necessary as the stitching that holds fabric of urban areas together. By their definition they are remote, needed only where you don't have access to amenities usually found in even low-density civilization. In other times they would be a well to draw up water for your thirst, or as Mark Twain describes in Roughing It, a place to change out horses as you roll non-stop westwards in the bumping, jostling carriage. They are ingrained in the American psyche as well, with our glorious big laned highway system. Open road with the top down. Isn't that the American Dream? Or is that a house and 2.5 kids? I can't remember, but regardless it is a necessary part of the yearning that many Americans who have ever set out in a wood grained station wagon can attest to.

Well its late and the unification of the members of BOOM CLAP! {aka the other Branners} is coming up starting tomorrow! So I have to get some sleep in anticipation of what is to come. We're meeting in the Netherlands and I can't wait to catch up in person and not blog/email form.

Thoughts on Traveling #23 :

I've been to Hell. It has a pretty crappy hotel and relatively cheap gas. See photographic evidence.

Also this is just hilarious and where I got the post title from. Not the Ben Affleck movie. I do have to say though, in my defence "I love College" was only playing on the radio b/c it was the first time I have ever heard it and couldn't tell if the guy was being serious or not. I've heard it many times since, don't get me started on Nordic Pop Radio.


Invalid recursive query

ODBC 2 State 37000
ODBC 3 State 42000
Severity 16
Sybase error code 13563
Probable cause

A recursive query must consist of the UNION ALL of an initial query and an iteration query. The only set operation allowed in the iteration query is UNION ALL. A recursive reference to the name of the common table expression can only appear in the iteration query, and must not be in a SELECT that uses DISTINCT, ORDER BY, or an aggregate function. A recursive reference also cannot appear on the NULL-supplying side of an outer join, or in a subquery.


Monday, March 27, 2017

33 79 137 | When the Pope circled Tick Bite, NC in 2015.... and the men's college basketball tournament

Remember when the Pope was circling Tick Bite, North Carolina in 2015, just before meeting with the President?

Notice the Gematria of 79 for Tick Bite.  This year is the 79th Men's Tournament, and as we know, the 2016 tournament was a big tribute to the Pope, where Villanova defeated North Carolina.

The word 'Champion' also has Gematria of 137.  137 is the 33rd prime.  This year the college championship is in Phoenix, AZ, on the 33rd parallel.


Yu-Gi-Oh! cards are part of a Japanese collectible trading card game developed by fantasy game and series designer Konami. Yu-Gi-Oh! cards have been developed as part of an adaption to the comic book series and the Nihon Ad Systems animated series Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters. The way that Yu-Gi-Oh! cards are played is based around the plot and storyline of the series, however, the actual game and rules are more balanced than that on the programme.

The Yu-Gi-Oh! cards trading game was first launched by Konami in 1999 and proved to be a massive hit. The game was named as the top selling trading card game in the world by Guinness World Records in 2009 for selling over 22 billion Yu-Gi-Oh! cards globally. The game continues to grow and is still heavily played in parts of Japan, North America, Europe and Australia as more and more Yu-Gi-Oh! cards are being developed and distributed.

Yu-Gi-Oh Booster Packs

Yu-Gi-Oh Booster Boxes


Chronic Kidney Disease – Renal Failure Hereditary

15 Symptoms of Kidney Disease

Signs Of Kidney Failure Urine

Diabetes and Hypertension: The 2 main causes for kidney disease are Diabetes and Hypertension (high blood pressure). Take charge and monitor these two very closely. If these 2 are left alone, things may get out of control sooner than you think. Diabetes will also start to impact your eye sight. Speak with your doctor and learn how these 2 can be kept under control.

If a person is only apt to take care of his body, nothing grave is going to happen. It is also recommended that those with kidney disease follow a low protein eating plan and maintain their levels of cholesterol since high cholesterol can cause high blood pressure. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight and quitting smoking are both key steps to slowing the progression of the disease.

Protein is necessary for muscle growth and strength. But, it is not a beneficial option for renal problems. A dietician will make recommendations of the maximum amount of grams of proteins you should consume daily.

Acidosis is a major health problem in America today and the most likely cause of many of the age-related diseases that we are experiencing, such as heart disease and diabetes. Lastly, the kidneys serve the important functions of regulating the body’s fluid levels as well as releasing 3 important hormones into the body.

What’S Renal Failure

If you allow damage to your kidneys to develop, you will end up needing kidney dialysis at least three times a week. In the end, you will probably need a kidney transplant. Above all else, drink plenty of water. Check when you go to the toilet: is your urine clear to light yellow in colour? It should be—if you are drinking enough liquids.

A few of the common symptoms of chronic kidney disease are swollen feet and ankles, fatigue, the need to urinate more frequently and trouble sleeping at night. Usually at the onset, there are very little warning signs but symptoms increase in severity and frequency as the malady worsens.

Besides, damaged kidneys release a hormone that raises blood pressure and can lead to heart disease. The final stage of the disease, also known as “End Stage Renal Failure” occurs when about 90 percent of kidney function has been lost. In the USA, 38,000 people die annually due to kidney related disease.

Nearly forty percent of new dialysis patients already have diabetes, which makes this the most rapidly growing risk factor for kidney disease. Type 2 diabetes is already the #1 cause of failure of the kidneys, and is responsible for over one third of all new dialysis cases.

Your doctor can make investigations to detect if you suffer it. If your kidneys fail absolutely, an organ transplant or dialysis can change the work your kidneys in general do. But if you are in the first stages, you could make your kidneys last longer by holding particular steps.

Kidney Disease Jobs

The purpose of this article is to empower you with knowledge so that at the end of this reading you are equipped to understand the symptoms of kidney failure or kidney disease. Please keep in mind, many of these symptoms can be caused other than the kidney disease and the only way to confirm is to have regular checkups and see your doctor.

But, you don’t have to be a high-performance athlete to get the benefits of exercise. Even moderate-intensity activity such as brisk walking, light jogging, dancing or doubles tennis can help to prevent diabetes. If you’re already overweight, you should try to get at least an hour of exercise five days a week to speed weight loss and lower your risk further.

This causes difficulty with the kidneys. On the other hand, chronic kidney disease can also cause hypertension. The acid that remains after the liver has attempted to get rid of these acids is then sent to the kidneys, which in turn must productively eliminate these harmful chemicals from the blood.

Unfortunately, if the acid is especially quantitative, the kidneys are not strong enough to process it. Many people have a mild form of kidney disease. The severity of your kidney damage will certainly affect your treatment. For most people with kidney disease close work with a health care provider is necessary to ensure proper treatment.

The kidney is such an important part of the human body, yet it is so often ignored or unconsidered when taking the general health of a person into account. People do not seem to care about their kidneys as much as they do about other body parts, and often this results in kidney disease, which can be easily prevented through the use of various methods that contribute to reversing kidney disease naturally.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic renal disease is a silent but potentially deadly disease that’s non-discriminating and can strike anyone at any time because of its affinity for going months or even years undetected. It often goes unchecked because the individual is unaware of the subtle symptoms of the disease until it’s too late and the kidneys are in end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Prevalence of Kidney Disease Around the World. First, the term prevalence refers to the estimated number of people who are managing a kidney disease at a specific time. Incidence refers to the number of diagnoses each year, or number of new cases.

Most dietitians recommend avoiding foods rich in salt. This includes salted snacks like pretzels, canned vegetables and canned soups, processed meats and cheeses and frozen dinners.

Talk to your doctor if you suspect you have or are likely to get chronic kidney disease. The earlier it is diagnosed the easier it is to manage. Kidney disease is quite a danger to your overall health due to the role your kidneys play in a wide range of important bodily functions. Damage typically develops gradually over a long period of time.

There are many herbs available that have been tested and proven to improve kidney health and even reverse kidney damage. However you should always seek professional advice and should also be aware of the potential side effects or interactions of any natural remedies or herbs you take.

Previous Kidney Disease Post
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McGloin, R. (2012). The effects of perceived realism and controller naturalness on immersion and aggression in a violent video game. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A, 72,

Video games are both a popular and pervasive medium in society and emerging technologies have dramatically enhanced the video gaming experience, specifically in terms of realistic simulation. Recent research has employed the Nintendo Wii and its motion capturing controllers to investigate the relationship between controller naturalness and its influence on perceptions of realism and immersion. Motion capturing controllers allow users to interact with the virtual environment using real world behaviors, which raises questions about how this unique style of game play may be influencing users. Given the pervasiveness of violence in contemporary video games, potential exists for socially negative outcomes, however this research attempts to move beyond speculation on the topic and provide empirical insight as to whether or not a significant relationship exists between controller naturalness, realism, and aggression. The theory of mental models is applied to the hypothesized relationships within the causal model being tested. This theoretical approach suggests that a more realistic and natural interaction should allow users to access relevant cognitions and apply these mental models to the game at hand, which may result in increased aggression. This dissertation employed a 2 X 2 experimental design that manipulated both realism and controller naturalness. Results (N = 345) indicated that the manipulations of game realism and controller naturalness had a priming effect on participant’s cognitions, such that, more aggressive cognitions were found amongst the participants who were in the high game realism condition and high controller naturalness condition. Despite perceptions of realism not being significant predictors of participant aggression, the relationship between perceived realism and controller naturalness was significantly positive as expected, and provided further support for the argument that controller naturalness can influence perceptions of a game’s realism. Finally, the results of this study showed that both perceptions of realism and perceptions of controller naturalness are significant predictors of immersion. These findings provide support for the argument that specific contextual features (greater realism and greater controller naturalness) are capable of producing feelings of greater immersion amongst users. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


Dating concert pianist

They generally do not write or transcribe music as pianists did in the 19th century.

Some classical pianists might specialize in accompaniment and chamber music while others (relatively few) will perform as full-time piano soloists.

From that era, leading performers less known as composers were Clara Schumann and Hans von Bülow.

However, as we do not have modern audio recordings of most of these pianists, we rely mainly on written commentary to give us an account of their technique and style.

Mozart could be considered the first "concert pianist" as he performed widely on the piano.

Composers Beethoven and Clementi from the classical era were also famed for their playing, as were, from the romantic era, Liszt, Brahms, Chopin, Mendelssohn and Rachmaninoff.

The German pianist Davide Martello is known for travelling around conflict zones to play his moving piano.


Ed 3508

Monday, October 31, 2005

Internet safety is becoming increasingly important in today's technology savvy classroom. One key aspect to this is student awareness. One thing that children need to learn at a young age is how easy it is for personal information to become public over the internet. They also need to understand the negative consequences that this could lead to. Making them aware of the negative ways in which their information could be being used is especially important if you encourage using websites as research resources. Some sites out for commercial gain could hurt them. As well when using the internet as a research tool students need to be aware that what they read isn't always true. They need to be taught to think critically about the sources that they use, and be able to distinguish fact from fiction. Other issues in internet safety include cyber bullying and online predators. Children need to know that such people do exist and the steps that they should take if they encounter such a person. It is important to think critically about all information on the internet and all users of the internet. Not everyone is out to hurt you, but constant awareness is the best way to ensure that no one does.


So I came across this story today and I had to share. My demented sense of humor had me laughing through the video. Is this for real? It appears to be. SS Singh is a professional 'scatomancer.' This is one who predicts the future by analyzing fecal matter. Is this person really making a living out of this? Just when you thought you've seen it all. You can read all about it by clicking below and watch and actual session....might want to wait until dinner is done before watching this one.


No sleep fuels the drama llama

This was me yesterday when B was trying to explain weighing different kinds of averages. Really, this is me when he tries to explain ANY mathematical or statistical concept. But when I'm not sleeping well and am stressed out (which is the norm lately), it's a million times worse.

Adventures of FADI Queen: The Conclusion

Kind of disappeared for a few days. Struggled quite a bit last week with some medicine changes. I've been up since 8am Monday and my nerves are razor thin at this point. It's time to wrap this origin story up. Can't have the FADI Queen forever trapped in her darkest days, can we?

Adventures of FADI Queen Part I: Origin Story

In my "What is FADI" post, I talked about my group of health issues that together, doesn't really have a name. So I decided to name it myself...mostly because I don't want to type out Fibromyalgia, Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia all the time. Also I figure as much as it's a part of my life right now, I should still try to stay positive about it (in my own dark humor way, of course). Thus we'll turn my misery into a superhero comic - The Adventures of FADI Queen.

What is FADI? Also, I do all the things.

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" Prism of Lyra" by Lyssa Royal

These were dark times indeed. Domination entailed behavior that Earth humans have never experienced. Genetic manipulation of blood lines was common, in an attempt to dilute or concentrate power. Wht humans know as black magic was a common practice. Beings were so saturated with their own fear that they struck out at all who were different. The Earth legends of sword and sorcery are dim remembrances carried in the etheric cell memory from the dark times of Orion.
The "positive" side epitomized the idea of service to others. It was their belief that the only way to survive was to be subservient, even at the expense of the self. So an interesting dynamic was played out. There were those indiv. who were the dominators and those who were all too willing to play the victim role. These "positives" felt that to support the whole they must serve the whole and relinquish the self. In reality they were denying themselves as being a valid portion of that whole. The Orion civ. was one of the very few that evolved into a state of technol. advancement while still being in the state of intense spiritual conflict. Aeons of time passed while the drama continued.... Reincarnationally speaking the same souls incarnated time and again, switching sides, trying to find a way to bring the whole struggle into balance.
Within Orion history there has always been underground resistance. Throughout the ages its strength ebbed and flowed like the pulses of their red giant Betelgeuse. Usually they would be discovered by the "negs." disbanded and punished. Any time they built up some momentum, it radiated too loudly and they were found.
...Within the souls of these repressed people existed a great desperation. They knew the extent of the Orion Empire's control. The Empire had devised ways to control astral bodies; death was no longer freedom. Many indiv. studied with heretic teachers to learn the ancient knowledge of dimensional consciousness travel. Few were successful, but those who were found a way out of the Orion system forever. Through focused concentration and disengagement from the Orion mass-conscious belief systems, a small percentage of indiv. were able to leave their bodies (die) and successfully target or home in on beings who had escaped or were reincarnated on Earth from Orion. Once these beings were targeted, the Orion entity was able to create a window through which he/she could travel. When he/she came through that window and incarnated on Earth, that being became "lost" in the Earth mass consciousness. This was a safety mechanism; if they did not know their own identity, they could not be pursued by the Orion Empire.
The escapees then entered Earth's reincarnational cycle and most likely continued to play out the Orion drama unconsciously within their soul patterns. At times they could have been immediately pursued through the window by Orion Empire reps. Often these Empire reps. became "caught" in Earth's mass consciousness as well and had to enter the reincarnational cycle; when they incarnated they carried their old Orion desire for control with them.
.... p. 42 For a few generations the BL remained stagnant only an idea and nothing more.
Then something miraculous occurred. During generations of spiritual gestation a seed began to grow . A soul incarnated who embodied all the hopes and dreams of the Orion races and had none of the hatred and fear. When he was born, he was safely contained in an energetically and emotionally neutral environment deep within the planet so he would not become polarized. .... He taught universal laws--positivity cannot be achieved through negativity. THE BL was fighting fire with fire, only creating a blaze instead of peace. One must integrate pos. and neg. to the balance point. ONE MUST LOVE NOT FEAR. The side of peace and freedom must be loved so much that one is willing to live it in one's soul despite outside manifestations. THE BL thus learned that their intentions were good, but their actions only caused more of what they despised.
...They perceive Earth as a THREAT. From their point of view, as humanity awakens and liberates itself it magnetizes the oppressed Orion beings to seek freedom here. They want to keep these windows of opportunity closed for the victims of Orion, keep Earth unempowered, and stay in total control. The MIBS are only one manifestation of this idea; generally it is played out on Earth in a much more subtle way. Those indiv. who carry the oppressive patterns from Orion act from their soul memory and are not necessarily. conscious of their desire for absolute control. In researching the 20th Cent. MIB encounters, one comes across the ironic behavior of these beings--they function at a very autonomous level and seem to never claim for themselves the power that they so single mindedly attempt to wrest from humans. They may suggest that the MIB is only a pawn in perhaps an even more bizarre struggled.
....The crucial stage is occurring presently upon the Earth--the mass reawakening of millions of souls to a greater spiritual purpose. This awakening occurs naturally and begins to accelerate a widening of the gap between the positive and negative poles ( as seen presently within soc.) The accentuation of this gap serves to polarize and highlight the choices soc. may take- making it clear that choices MUST be made at this point in time. Humanity does not have the ugliness and pain of a tormented past to the extent that the Orions had. As Earth reawakens, all the tools become visible for humanity to claim responsibility for the Whole and the Self. The painful Orion memories may continue to surface, but the healing of them will occur though humanity's proclamation of freedom and choice. "
p. 45. "The Prism of Lyra" Lyssa Royal//
S orry about the typos!
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The Key Elements of Great Architectural

Reasons For Architectural Specifications. Construction of a building or a property is a very complicated process that involves a lot of planning and preparations to pull it off. There are different people who participate in construction and every one of them has their own job that they are supposed to do. Before you are allowed to commence a construction project, there are some things that you should ensure you have done for example you should get the necessary sanctions from the authorities failed to which you will have been deemed to have broken some laws. Due to the complexity surrounding such constructions, it becomes important that as the project architect, you institute the necessary measures to ensure the process is done flawlessly for example by writing an architectural specifications. This is a document that outlines the project requirements and specifications that need to be adhered to in the construction of the building. There are various reasons that necessitate an architect to write an architectural specification for example, it is a clear definition of what should be used, quality thresholds that should be attained so as to ensure the building is strong and the like. The specification has details relating to the construction, what will be needed and stuff like that, buying and delivery of such items can thus be done early in advance. Another advantage of an architectural specification is that since it has all the details about the project, it becomes easy to estimate the total project cost and thus the necessary financial arrangements can be made, this goes a long in ensuring the project runs smoothly without lags due to lack of finances.
5 Uses For Services
Getting Down To Basics with Architectural
An architectural specification is an assurance that what the client wants will be achieved because the contents of this document are mainly the client specifications. This documentation has every detail that the contractor may need for the project and this helps in avoiding time wastages in between the project work. Another need that makes it important to prepare this document is due to the shallow nature of the architectural drawings, it becomes necessary to get some more information about the construction so that the contractor can start the job already. This document is advantageous because it is a measure of compliance with the construction standards that are needed in the area of locality where you are constructing. Architectural specifications are of different varieties and this is based mainly on what the client wants, for example, the quality of materials and the source where they will come from. This specification also stipulates the origin of such materials.

Categories: Technology


Through our work at the Hive, we're meeting so many fascinating people who have made their contemplative practice their own. We are connecting you to various contemplative teachers, hearing their story, and sharing a meditative practice with them in hopes that you'd give it a try yourself. Each episode has two parts, a conversation and a guided mediation.


Scepticism is rare, or, Descartes vs. Spinoza
John Mauldin's Outside the Box

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This week's letter is from one of my favorite analysts and behavioral finance thinkers, James Montier of Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein in London. James wrote a chapter for my new book, Just One Thing, and this article is very representative of the insightful work he puts out.

This report by James explores why it is that humans tend to believe something that is not true. What he finds is that the more distractions or noise, the more likely a person is to believe something that is false is true. By knowing where our weaknesses are we can program ourselves to be better investors and James will help you think "Outside the Box." (Footnotes are at the end of the article.)

- John Mauldin

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Scepticism is rare, or, Descartes vs. Spinoza

Sometime ago a client asked us to compile a list of myths that the markets seemed to hold dear. We came up with twelve potential myths ranging from stocks for the long run to dividends don't matter via such topics as commodities for the future and bond supply matters. However, this exercise also made me wonder why it was that supposedly smart people ended up believing such strange things.

This pondering sent me (as is usually the case) to the annals of psychology. To some extent these errant beliefs seem to stem from bounded awareness/inattentional blindness and framing. We have explored such elements before. However, there may well be another factor at work. We seem to be hard wired to 'believe'.

Daniel Gilbert, a professor of psychology at Harvard, has explored how we go about believing and understanding information. In a series of truly insightful papers1 Gilbert and co-authors have explored the belief process using two alternative philosophical viewpoints.

Cartesian systems

The first view is associated with the work of Rene Descartes. When it came to belief, Descartes suggested the mind performs two separate mental acts. First it understands the idea. Secondly, the mind assesses the validity of the idea that has been presented. This two stage process seems intuitively correct. After all, we can all imagine being presented with some novel idea, holding it in our minds and then pondering the truth or otherwise associated with the idea. The Cartesian approach fits well with folk psychology.

Descartes was educated by Jesuits and like many 17th century philosophers generally deployed psychology and philosophy in the aid of theology. Like anyone of any sense Descartes was well aware that people were capable of believing things that weren't true. In order to protect the Church, Descartes argued that God had given man the power to assess ideas. So it clearly wasn't God's fault when people believed things that weren't true.

As Gilbert (1993, op cit) notes, Descartes approach consisted of two axioms. Firstly, the mental separation and sequencing of understanding and believing and secondly, that people have no control over how or what they understand, but are totally free to believe or disbelieve ideas as they please.

Spinozan systems

Spinoza's background and thinking could not be much more different than Descartes. Born a Jew, Barauch de Espinoza (later to become Benedict Spinoza) outraged his community and synagogue. The tensions finally resulted in Spinoza being excommunicated, accused of abominable heresies and monstrous deeds. The order of excommunication prohibited other members of the synagogue from having any contact with Spinoza.

Freed of the need to conform to his past, Spinoza was able to explore anything he chose. One of the areas he turned his considerable mental prowess to was the faults contained in the Cartesian approach. Spinoza argued that all ideas were first represented as true and only later (with effort) evaluated for veracity. Effectively Spinoza denied the parsing that Descartes put at the heart of his two step approach. Spinoza argued that comprehension and belief were a single step. That is to say, in order for somebody to understand something, belief is a necessary precondition. Effectively all information or ideas are first accepted as true, and then only sometimes evaluated as to their truth, once this process is completed a 'corrected belief' is constructed if necessary.

Gilbert et al (1990, op cit) use the example of a library to draw out the differences between these two approaches. Imagine a library with several million volumes, of which only a few are works of fiction. The Cartesian approach to filing books would be to put a red tag on each volume of fiction and blue tag on each volume of non-fiction. Any new book that appeared in the library would be read, and then tagged as either fiction or nonfiction. Any book that is unread is simply present in the library until it is read.

In contrast, a Spinozan library would work in a very different fashion. Under this approach a tag would be added to each volume of fiction but the non-fiction would be left unmarked. The ease of this system should be clear; it requires a lot less effort to run this system than the Cartesian approach. However, the risk is that if a new book arrives it will be seen as non-fiction.

Gilbert et al note that under ideal conditions both systems produce the same outcome if allowed to run to conclusion. So if you pick up a copy of Darwin's 'The expression of emotions in man and animals' and asked the Cartesian librarian what he knew about the book, he would glance at the tag and say non-fiction. The Spinozan librarian would do pretty much the same thing, concluding the book was non-fiction because of the absence of a tag.

However, imagine sneaking a new book into the library, say the latest Patricia Cornwell thriller. If you took the book to the librarian and asked them what they knew about the book, their response would reveal a lot about the underlying process governing the library's approach to filing. For instance, the Cartesian librarian would say "I don't know what sort of book that is. Come back later when it has been read and tagged appropriately". The Spinozan librarian would glance up and see the absence of a tag and say "it doesn't have a tag so it must be non-fiction" - an obviously incorrect assessment.

A testing structure

The picture below taken from Gilbert (1993) shows the essential differences between the two approaches, and also suggests a clever way of testing which of the two approaches has more empirical support.

Say an idea is presented to the brain2, and then the person considering the idea is interrupted in some fashion. Under a Cartesian system, the person is left merely with an understanding of a false idea, but no belief in it. However, if people are better described by a Spinozan approach then interrupting the process should lead to a belief in the false idea. So giving people ideas or propositions and then interrupting them with another task should help to reveal whether people are Cartesian or Spinozan systems when it comes to beliefs.

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The empirical evidence

It has long been known that distracting people can impact the belief they attach to arguments. For instance, in their 1994 review Petty et al3 report an experiment from 1976 which clearly demonstrated the impact of distraction techniques4.

To test the impact of distraction, students were exposed to a message arguing that tuition at their university should be cut in half. Students listened to the ideas which were presented over headphones. Some heard strong arguments, others heard relatively weak arguments. At the same time, the students were subjected to a distraction task which consisted of tracking the positions of Xs that were flashed on a screen in front of them. In the high distraction version of the task, the Xs flashed up at a fast pace, in the low distraction task the rate was reduced heavily.

The results Petty et al found are shown in the chart below. When the message was weak, people who were highly distracted showed much more agreement with the message than did the people who only suffered mild distraction. When the message was strong and distraction was high, the students showed less agreement than when the message was strong and the distraction was low. Distraction did exactly what it was meant to do... prevented people from concentrating on the important issue.

Petty et al conclude "Distraction, then, is an especially useful technique when a person's arguments are poor because even though people might be aware that some arguments were presented, they might be unaware that the arguments were not very compelling." Something to bear in mind at your next meeting with brokers perhaps? The next time an analyst comes around and starts showing you pictures of the next generation of mobile phones, just stop and think about the quality of their investment arguments.

Is there more direct evidence of our minds housing a Spinozan system when it comes to belief? Gilbert et al (1990, op cit) decided to investigate. They asked people to help them with an experiment concerning language acquisition in a natural environment. Participants were shown ostensibly Hopi words with an explanation (such as a monishna is a bat). They had to wait until the experimenter told them whether the word they had been given was actually the correct word in Hopi or whether it was a false statement.

Subjects also had to listen out for a specific sound which if they heard required them to press a button. The tone sounded very shortly after the participant had been told whether the statement was true or false. This was aimed at interrupting the natural processing of information. Once they responded to the tone, the next Hopi word appeared preventing them from going back and reconsidering the previous item.

When subjects were later asked about their beliefs, if they worked in a Spinozan way then people should recall false propositions as true more often after an interrupt than the rest of the time. As the chart below shows, this is exactly what Gilbert et al uncovered.

Interruption had no effect on the correction identification of a true proposition (55% when uninterrupted vs. 58% when interrupted). However, interruption did significantly reduce the correct identification of false propositions (55% when uninterrupted vs. 35% when interrupted). Similarly one could look at the number of true-false reversals (the right side of the chart above) When false propositions were uninterrupted, they were misidentified as true 21% of the time, which was roughly the same rate as true propositions were identified as false. However, when interrupted the situation changes, false propositions were identified as true some 33%, significantly higher than the number of true propositions were identified as false (17%).

In another test Gilbert et al (1993, op cit) showed that this habit of needing to believe in order to understand could have some disturbing consequences. They set up a study in which participants read crime reports with the goal of sentencing the perpetrators to prison. The subjects were told some of the statements they would read would be false and would appear on screen as red text, the true statements would be in black text.

By design, the false statements in one case happened to exacerbate the crime in question; in the other case they attenuated the crimes. The statements were also shown crawling across the screen - much like the tickers and prices on bubble vision. Below the text was a second row of crawling numbers. Some of the subjects were asked to scan the second row for the number (5) and when they saw it, they were asked to press a button.

At the end of experiment, subjects were asked to state what they thought represented a fair sentence for the crimes they had read about. The chart below shows that just like the previous example, interruption significantly reduced the recognition of false statements (69% vs. 34%), and increased the recognition of false statements as being true (23% vs. 44%).

The chart below shows the average recommended sentence depending on the degree of interruption. When the false statements were attenuating and processing was interrupted there wasn't a huge difference in the recommended jail term. The interrupted sentences were around 4% lower than the uninterrupted ones. However, when the false statements were exacerbating and interruption occurred the recommended jail term was on average nearly 60% higher than in the uninterrupted case!

Strategies to counteract naïve belief

The thought that we seem to believe everything in order to understand it, is a more than a little disconcerting. It would seem to render us powerless to control our beliefs. However, the absence of direct control over our beliefs doesn't necessarily imply we are at their mercy.

Two potential strategies for countering our innate tendency to believe can be imagined. The first is what Gilbert (1993, op cit) calls 'unbelieving'. That is, we can try to carry out the required analytic work to truly assess the veracity of an idea. This certainly appeals to the empiricist in me. My own personal viewpoint is that we should accept very little at face value and use evidence to assess how likely the proposition actually is.

For example, we are often told that stock markets earnings can grow faster than nominal GDP over extended periods. Of course, in year to year terms there isn't a close linkage between the two. However, in the long run earnings (and dividends) have grown substantially below the rate of nominal GDP growth (on average earnings have grown 1 - 2% below the rate of nominal GDP; see Global Equity Strategy, 16 August 2002 Return of the Robber Barrons for more on this).

Growth investing is another example. I don't doubt that some growth investors are very successful. However, the empirical evidence shows that picking winners in terms of growth is exceptionally difficult and fraught with danger (in that buying expensive stocks with high embodied expectations obviously opens up considerable downside risk if reality falls short of expectations). In contrast, buying cheap stocks offers a margin of safety against disappointment. (See Global Equity Strategy, 16 March 2005, Bargain Hunter for more details).

So regularly confronting beliefs with empirical reality is one way of trying to beat the Spinozan system. However, 'unbelieving' is a risky strategy since it relies on you having the cognitive wherewithal to be on your guard. Gilbert et al have shown that cognitive load, pressure and time constraints all undermine our ability to reject false beliefs.

The second potential belief control mechanism is called 'exposure control'. This is a far more draconian approach than 'unbelieving'. False beliefs can be avoided by avoiding all beliefs, just as a dieter who loves doughnuts may choose to avoid shops that sell doughnuts, we can try to avoid sources of information that lead us to hold false beliefs. This is a conservative strategy that errs on the side of exclusion, it excludes false beliefs, but it may also exclude some true beliefs. However, it doesn't suffer from the problems of overload, pressure or time constraints unlike the 'unbelieving' strategy.

All of this suggests that a combination of these strategies is likely to be optimal. When you are really trying to assess the validity of an argument do your best to avoid distraction. Turn off your screens, put your phone on call forward, and try to cut yourself off from all the sources of noise. Of course, management and colleagues may well think you have taken leave of your sense as you sit there with your screens off, but try to ignore them too. If you are likely to be distracted then either wait until later, when you can give the assessment the time and effort it requires or simply follow an exclusion strategy.

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1 Gilbert, Krull, Malone (1990) Unbelieving the unbelievable: Some problems in the rejection of false information, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59. Gilbert (1991) How mental systems believe, American Psychologist, 46 Gilbert, Tafarodi, Malone (1993) You can't believe everything you read, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65 Gilbert (1993) The Assent of Man: mental representation and the control of belief in Wegner and Pennebaker (eds) The Handbook of Mental Control

2 This hints that we support a Spinozan view of the human mind. Descartes was famous for arguing the difference between the brain and the mind, Spinoza in contrast saw the two as impossible to separate, they are two sides of the same coin from a Spinozan viewpoint. For more on this see Antonio Damasio's first and third books, Descartes' Error and Looking for Spinoza respectively.

3 Petty, Cacioppo, Strathman and Priester (1994) To think or not to think, in Brock and Shavitt The Psychology of Persuasion

4 Petty, Wells and Brock (1976) Distraction can enhance or reduce yielding to proganda, Journal of Personality and Social Psycholgy, 34

I hope you enjoyed the latest research from Montier.

Your trying not to be distracted from the truth analyst,

John F. Mauldin

Posted 11-14-2005 2:00 AM by John Mauldin
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Giannis Antetokounmpo is one of the most polarizing athletes in the league right now. at 6'11, the Bucks Forward can almost efficiently play every position 1-5. As a perennial MVP candidate, it's easy to assume that he will be highly coveted in the sneaker world, considering he's on the last year of his Nike contract. Giannis actually declined any discussions regarding a contract extension in order to focus on basketball. That opened up the opportunity for adidas to try and swoop in, and try they did.

Sending a van full of adidas Superstars, Ultra Boosts and Yeezys, the brand made it very clear that they are interested in the forward.

Nike can match any offer, and Giannis was seen wearing the Kobe A.D. However, it appears as though competition has stiffened in an attempt to sign the Greek Freak.


truffles and oak trees Finland
Penttilä oak trees - Kangasniemi, Finland
these are the more than three hundred year old oak trees of Penttilä
Truffles have a long history in Finland. But only recently have they been discovered. In 2006 an experiment to pruduce truffles in FInland has been started in Juva; in 2008 Kangasniemi will join the experiment. We (Penttilä Estate in Kangasniemi) have joined the experiment and, if all goes well, we should be able to produce truffles after 2010.

the white truffle

"The true truffles are a group of several valuable and highly sought-after edible species of underground ascomycetes belonging to the fungal genus Tuber. All are ectomycorrhizal and are therefore found in close association with trees.

The ascoma (fruiting body) of truffles is highly prized as food. It has a smell similar to deep-fried sunflower seeds or walnuts, though not all people are able to catch the odor of this fungus. The water after soaking truffles can taste a bit like soy sauce. Brillat-Savarin called the truffle "the diamond of the kitchen" and praised its aphrodisiacal powers. While the aphrodisiacal characteristics of truffles have not been established, it is still held in high esteem in French, northern Italian and Istrian cooking, and in international haute cuisine.

The origin of the word truffle appears to lie in the Latin term tuber, meaning "lump", which early on became tufer- and gave rise to the various European terms: French Truffe, Spanish Trufa, German Trüffel, and Dutch Truffel. Interestingly the Italian tartufo and Piedmontese tartifla suggest an affinity with the German Kartoffel "potato".[1]"

from Wikipedia

"The first truffle orchards in Finland have been established in 2006 in Juva, Rantasalmi and Mikkeli. Research on these topics is time consuming and difficult, but is the only way to improve truffle cultivation."

from juvatruf.fi

More information will be available later, as this website is starting its development.


The Black Eyed Peas – #WHERESTHELOVE ft. The World

People killing, people dying
Children hurt and you hear them crying
Can you practice what you preach?
Or would you turn the other cheek?
Father (x3) help us
Send some guidance from above
These people got me, got me questioning
Where is the love?

This chorus from a song by the Black Eyed Peas in 2003 encapsulates both the state of the world as well as the burning questions on many hearts. Why do we live in such a broken and messed-up world? Why can’t people just love one another? After all, “all you need is love,” isn’t it?

Unfortunately, or sadly, no. God’s word teaches us that mankind, because of our sinful nature, continually chooses to disobey and reject God. They, instead, worship creation rather than the Creator God. It is not finite human love that is the answer to the world’s problems.

God provided the only solution through His Son, Jesus Christ, and what He has done for the world by dying on the cross and being raised from the dead. For Christians, Paul exhorts us not to be ashamed of the gospel, as “it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes.” (Rom. 1.16) What the world needs, and has always needed is love, the love of God, which alone will lead us to repentance and salvation through Jesus Christ, our Saviour and Lord.


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Facilities: Single or twin room with shared bathroom and kitchen. Most flats are also equipped with their own washing machine and TV.


Is Nothing Sacred Anymore? Maybe Not

Slowly, reluctantly, but inexorably, the political system is zeroing in on federal programs that, until now, have been considered untouchable. Not long ago, terrified lawmakers would not even talk about cutting spending for programs such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. Now, the House is taking votes on ways to curb these and other entitlement programs, and a Presidential commission is looking at serious long-term cuts. At the same time, Washington is starting to turn its attention to another corner of government that has been growing uncontrollably, the 140 subsidies that litter the Internal Revenue Code--subsidies such as the home-mortgage deduction.


How to Program PGM Outputs on a DSC Alarm

PGM outputs on the DSC alarm system will activate when an event has occurred. You can program which event you would like to trigger an output. The output usually consists of an electrical current. Some of the many events that trigger an output are the burglar alarm going off, the system becoming armed or tampering. One use of the PGM outputs would be to connect a light or siren, so when the alarm goes off it sends an activating electrical current to the light or siren.

A PGM output can activate a siren

Step 1

Enter installer programming mode by typing in "*8" and then your installer's code.

Step 2

Type in "009" on the keypad to enter the PGM output option programming mode.

Step 3

Enter the two-digit code of the event that you would like to trigger the PGM1 output first, and then enter the two-digit code of the event that you would like to trigger the PGM2 output second. If you don't want an event to trigger the PGM, type "00" on your keypad. For example, entering "00 05" will disable PGM1 and will cause PGM2 to output when the alarm is armed.

Step 4

Push the "#" key and then type "501" on your keypad to change PGM1's attributes. Typing "502" instead of "501" will let you change PGM2's attributes. You can only change the attributes of a PGM output if an output option has been selected for it.

Step 5

Push the number of the attribute you would like to change according to the output option you chose. Pushing the number will change the attribute to either on or off, depending on what it is. You can repeat this until you are done changing the attributes.

Step 6

Push the "#" twice to exit programming mode and return the keypad to normal operation.


3.14 Separating Mixtures

The components of a mixture are separated from one another by taking advantage of differences in theirphysical properties. Various examples are shown. Duration: 6:17.

3.14a Name two elements that are attracted to a magnet.
3.14b Which has a lower melting point: zinc or copper?
3.14c Which has a lower boiling point: nitrogen or oxygen?

All video check questions can be downloaded from the EXTRAs menu.


Altitude + Perspective

(Altitude + Perspective) = Photographer to composition

- This blog has a strong focus on composition and what photography is and what it is not. Countless times I am asked how to compose a photo and ritually my answer has nothing to do with ISO, F-stops or shutter speed. Last night I came across the formula of (altitude + perspective) = photograph. This is where skills transform into art. An integral approach to life, art and photography is the birth of composition.

Note: insight for this post came form (this).


4th Grade Science
Utah State Core Curriculum
Content Checklist
STANDARD III: Students will understand the basic properties of rocks, the
provided by soil.
Objective 1: Identify basic properties of minerals and rocks.
 Describe the differences between minerals and rocks.
 Observe rocks using a magnifying glass and draw shapes and colors
of the minerals.
 Sort rocks by appearance according to the three basic types:
sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic (e.g., sedimentary–roundedappearing mineral and rock particles that are cemented together, often
in layers; igneous–with or without observable crystals that are not in
layers or with or without air holes or glasslike; metamorphic –
crystals/minerals, often in layers).
 Classify common rocks found in Utah as sedimentary (i.e., sandstone,
Objective 2: Explain how the processes of weathering and erosion change
and move materials that become soil.
 Identify the processes of physical weathering that break down rocks at
Earth's surface (i.e., water movement, freezing, plant growth, wind).
 Distinguish between weathering (i.e., wearing down and breaking of
rock surfaces) and erosion (i.e., the movement of materials).
 Model erosion of Earth materials and collection of these materials as
part of the process that leads to soil (e.g., water moving sand in a
playground area and depositing this sand in another area).
 Investigate layers of soil in the local area and predict the sources of
the sand and rocks in the soil.
Objective 3: Observe the basic components of soil and relate the
components to plant growth.
 Observe and list the components of soil (i.e., minerals, rocks, air,
water, living and dead organisms) and distinguish between the living,
nonliving, and once living components of soil.
 Diagram or model a soil profile showing topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock,
and how the layers differ in composition.
 Relate the components of soils to the growth of plants in soil (e.g.,
mineral nutrients, water).
 Explain how plants may help control the erosion of soil.
 Research and investigate ways to provide mineral nutrients for plants
wet gravel, grow plants in water).

4 Grade Science Utah State Core Curriculum Content


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What is a Centrist?

We share a set of common sense principles including fiscal responsibility, environmental responsibility, economic opportunity, social tolerance, and good governance. And we share a common ground approach to politics: we think for ourselves, put our country first, follow the facts, and work with others to get things done.

Being a Centrist does not mean taking an arbitrary position halfway between two extremes or simply existing in the political “middle” if one exists.


Analysis of SEU effects in a pipelined processor

[Download] (IOLTW'02)
M. Rebaudengo, M. Sonza Reorda, M. Violante Politecnico di Torino Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica Torino, Italy

Modern processors embed features such as pipelined execution units and cache memories that can hardly be controlled by programmers through the processor instruction set. As a result, software-based fault injection approaches are no longer suitable for assessing the effects of SEUs in modern processors, since they are not able to evaluate the effects of SEUs affecting pipelines and caches. In this paper we report an analysis of a commercial processor core where the effects of SEUs located in the processor pipeline and cache memories are studied. Moreover, the obtained results are compared with those software-based approaches provide. Experimental results show that software-based approaches may lead to errors during the failure rate estimation of up to 400%.


Hamilton County

Pvt. Atlee Jewell Lunning

Atlee Jewell Lunning was born Nov. 6, 1917 to Ole Arthur and Amanda Tillie Amundson Lunning. He died Mar. 8, 1958 and is buried in the Golden Gate National Cemetery, San Bruno, CA.

Private Lunning served with the U.S. Army Air Corps in World War II.

Source: ancestry.com


Bobcats vs. coyotes; which is worse?

Cross said after a few years of implemented control, the numbers of varmints has declined.

“We haven’t had a lot of fawn fatalities by coyotes because we’ve kept them down,” he said. “We don’t get a whole lot of coyotes now, but that’s what it takes is predator control.”

Texas Agrilife Extension Wildlife Specialist Dr. Dale Rollins said hunters and landowners probably tend to emphasize coyote control because of what they see.

“A coyote is not always a villain,” he said. “People are more worried about coyotes because you hear and see coyotes, and you just don’t see or notice the presence of bobcats, so you could underestimate the number you have.”

Rollins said that from one angle, a bobcat population could be worse than a coyote population.

“The one good thing the coyotes have going for them is they are very opportunistic, and eat a lot of fruits,” he said. “From a lot of standpoints that’s less damaging to a wildlife population than a bobcat, because (bobcats) don’t eat fruit.”

Rollins pointed to a study done on the King Ranch, where 308 bobcats and coyotes were removed from a particular area over a two-year stretch. Within only six months of the experiment ending, the predator numbers returned to their original numbers. During the same two-year stretch, fawn mortality was 67.5% higher on the area of the ranch where predator control was not implemented.

However, experiments done on the effect of coyotes on mature male whitetails showed that coyote removal did not change the number of harvestable bucks available.

“Half the papers suggest coyotes are a major problem, and half don’t,” Rollins said. “The answer for people usually just depends on which side you want to hear.”


Talk about some characteristics and types of Luminaire for stage

In stage performances and film shooting, there is a kind of lamps which is in order to achieve some kind of lighting and lighting effects. It helps to show the contents of the program, reflect the author’s creative intent, express artistic atmosphere, and make the audience, photography machine get the right color perception and exposure. The difference is that compared with other lamps, most of these outdoor led par lightare equipped with the function of changing the angle of beam spreading and the extent of soft light and color features, and also equipped with focusing, aperture, color frame and other special institutions.

LED Moving Head Light With Zoom

Stage lights can help the audience directly see the whole scene or part of the scene on the stage, which makes the scene on the stage looks so realistic and better display playwright’s artistic standards and demonstrate the author’s creative intent and drama works. In addition, there are great changes in light and shade range, illumination area. Luminaire for stage is used in the studio, the studio or field scene, “Audience” is removable and can be treated as a camera or camcorder technology, and there are more the close-range objects. House lighting not only has artistic lighting function, but also have to make the camera tube or film correctly exposure. Especially be good for color reduction, in the light (to shoot interior) require light color temperature of 3200K, the color rendering index of 90 or more, the sunlight (on location) of 5500K and 80 above. Luminaire for stage according to their characteristics of emitting beam light divided into Spotlight, Astigmatism light and Effect Projector three categories.

led wash light (2)

Light fixture with a partial lighting effect, adjustable beam angle, more concentrated light and spot edges with filter holder. According to the sharpness of the edge contour of the light spot, it can be divided into the following three kinds: ① Soft Spotlight. The contour of light is soft because commonly Fresnel lens is used, which also known as the Fresnel lens spotlight. ② plano-convex lens spotlight. With clear outline and large intensity, it is a commonly used lighting on the stage. ③ imaging spotlight. Using imaging principle, RGBW Par Led Outdoor Led Par Can can produce light and dark boundaries and significant spot on the stage, which is used to track performer or projection lighting local scope.

Astigmatism light

MINI RGB Pro stage lighting  Good price

A light fixture with big beam angle and soft spot evenly without edges traces. Only one reflector with a filter holder is used. There are many kinds of lights, such as Outdoor LED PAR CAN, foot light, awning astigmatism lamp, astigmatism lamp, four and six league astigmatism lamp, exterior astigmatism lamp.

Effect lights

It is a film and television light by the combination of lamplight, mechanical drive and electrical control to project a variety of scenery, climate change and illusory nature scene. It can show various static landscape scenery and activities like rain, snow, flames, clouds, waves, lightning and sun rises and can also use dynamic shadow to show various changes in performance of landscape and mining.

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Not Creationism, Its intelligent Design

Its not Creationism, Its intelligent Design!, Have you also heard this crap anywhere?

Some people really just don’t want to believe in God’s creationism. They hang on to ‘the intelligent cause’ which they support by stating Darwin’s theory of evolution. Well, its a matter of personal choice. But how can one really think about all these really manifesting her on earth without a divine creator? He made this universe in a perfect manner, coordinating the stars and the planets in their place, creating life on our dear Earth, helping our lives to go on in this dangerous and busy world.

All that you see around are His creations, whatever be the scientific name you use for them.


The Reason for Ridiculous Rules

I once saw a “No Diving” sign on top of a cruise ship. I thought that the rule on the sign seemed ridiculous because most people would not attempt a dive at such a dangerous height. Then I realized that most people doesn’t include ALL people and someone likely severely injured themselves by diving from that very spot. Rules are boundaries based on past experiences. Rules often represent a lesson learned from a past experience. To remove a rule because it’s inconvenient willfully unlearns a painful lesson that will likely be repeated.

Rules are important but our perspective on rules is even more important. If I see a rule as an obstacle, I am more likely to feel inconvenienced by it. I may be more apt to complain about and eventually break the inconvenient rule. However, if I see a rule as a boundary instead of an obstacle, I appreciate the safety and clarity of what is permissible and why the rule is in place.

No Right to Complain

Complaining about circumstances has little value in reality. It can make us feel better, but it doesn’t move the needle on the type of improved life we are looking for. If I don’t put in the work required for success, then I can’t legitimately complain about my own lack of success. A case could be made that I could legitimately complain about a lack of opportunities for success. I could complain that hard work doesn’t just come to me at my level of preferred effort. Complaining about a lack of success while refusing to participate in the known practices that achieve that success is not only illogical but also annoying to the people that chose the successful path.

Grown-Up Discipline

Discipline is an odd word. It can have a negative connotation in that it can mean punishment. We discipline our children when they misbehave. What we mean is that we reinforce the rule that was broken. This teaches the consequence of behaving in an undisciplined way. The hope, I imagine, would be that the consequence would be aversive enough to encourage a more disciplined choice in the future. Once we grow up, we are in charge of our own personal discipline. We decide if we eat our veggies or get enough sleep. Unfortunately, our consequences are usually from our doctor or boss if we don’t make the disciplined choice often enough in our adulthood.

Convenience is not a right.

Rules teach us discipline. When something is against the rules, we must have the discipline to avoid it. It’s easy to say rules are made to be broken or to bend a rule. Often we paint a rule as immoral when really its inconvenient. Convenience is not a right and our integrity is measured in how we respect authority and the rules that authority puts into place. It takes discipline to allow ourselves to be inconvenienced by the observance of a rule we don’t agree with. We are better for it when we do.


What information should I enter into delivery instructions?
If there is a special safe place where you would like your order left for you (e.g. on the back porch), if the driver needs to buzz a number at your unit entrance or call a number, please type your instructions in the left side "Instructions for my Driver" panel when reviewing your order in "Checkout".


The Economist | Russia, MH17 and the West: A web of lies

The Economist | Russia, MH17 and the West: A web of lies via @theeconomist

LIVE: Latest Crimea updates

LIVE: Latest Crimea updates

Digby, Poznan, Poland

‘Independent’ Crimea in Russia bid

‘Independent’ Crimea in Russia bid

” There was no option for those who wanted the constitutional arrangements to remain unchanged. ”

So, is it independent, or part of Russia. Article refers to an independent Crimea.

The % turnout and % of votes sound good.
However I question circumstance and swiftness, seemingly out of nowhere. I do suppose I don’t regularly hear news from this area, so possibly it’s not out of left field, but an implied level of dissent over a long period of time, at a level matching this landslide vote, hasn’t been part of the journalism.
The Russian occupation, and lack of a status quo third option on the ballot, and the swiftness of developments re: Russia, since the Ukraine/EU u-turn are troubling. I also wonder what was behind Russia’s motive. Otherwise, if this vote would have happened as is anyway..great for them! -and I got no issues.

However, I can’t help to speculate that there is more to this story than we know about yet. Something is up with Russia.. or perhaps something is up with our media reporting. Is Russia after mineral rights, gas, oil, natural resources, cash, political/land (positional) resources, … What?


Селектор :nth-of-type()

nth-of-type selector

Описание: Selects all elements that are the nth child of their parent in relation to siblings with the same element name.

  • Добавлен в версии: 1.9jQuery( ":nth-of-type(index/even/odd/equation)" )

    index: The index of each child to match, starting with 1, the string even or odd, or an equation ( eg. :nth-of-type(even), :nth-of-type(4n) )


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The answers are in there

This past September I attended the Educational Theatre Association’s annual conference in Las Vegas and sat in on a workshop on script analysis by playwright Lindsay Price. After the workshop, we chatted for a bit about how directors and set designers analyze the scripts, and how we both really look for a lot of the same things even if we’re not always consciously aware of it. We also spoke about detailed stage directions (“John crosses DS and sits down on the sofa.”), and how many of these often show up in published scripts even though most playwrights rarely write them into the play.

One thing led to another, and I asked Lindsay if she’d like to do a guest post here, discussing how playwrights give us information about the story and the characters without resorting to descriptions as used in novels. I was delighted she agreed to do so, and here it is.

The answers are in there

By Lindsay Price

When you create a theatrical set design, one method is to think of the set as another character in the play. The set, through communicating the world of a play, can have many of the same character details: age, era, background, social status. The more specific the communication, the deeper an audience will connect to the play.

Playwrights leave a lot of character clues in the text. We only have the text to communicate our intention to actors and directors. More often than not, a playwright is not in the room giving helpful hints for characterization during production rehearsals.

Here are a couple of character clues that can be found in a play.

Facts and Inferences

The first step is to gather the information about the character in the text. This is done in two ways: facts and inferences.

Facts are unchangeable details. They are always found in the dialogue (not in the character list or stage directions). They are not based on emotions, opinions, or attitude. Think about your own facts: name, age, family members, where you live. If a playwright has put this information in the dialogue, pay attention.

Inferences are educated guesses about a character based on how they act, how they talk, how they behave and how others act around them. If “Sally” talks a lot what does that say about her as a person?  Inferences about a character will change depending on the actor playing that role. One actor may see “Sally” as friendly, while another may see her as insecure. Both interpretations are valid.

Sentence Structure

The sentence structure of a character holds many clues: what is the character’s primary punctuation? What is their average sentence length? Do the sentences meander all over the place or are they clipped statements? What types of words do they use? Do they have a ten letter word vocabulary? Do they understand the words they use? Do they use contractions? Do they use slang?

Playwrights build a language profile for each character and these details act are a direct line of communication from playwright to actor. When a playwright defines how a character talks, this gives an actor clues for how to perform the character. If “Sally” speaks with a lot of exclamation points, that suggests an energy to her personality.

Another clue is when the sentence structure changes. Once a language profile is established, a playwright can easily signal subtext (perhaps a secret, or a lie) for a character by changing the structure. If “Sally” speaks energetically throughout the play, except for one scene where she is monosyllabic and clipped, something has happened to the character that may not be spelled out in the dialogue.

If you’re in search for an answer about a character,  it usually can be found in the text. Look for the clues the playwright has planted in the dialogue, either through the content of the line or the sentence structure, and you’re well on your way to fully communicating with your audience.

Lindsay Price is the resident playwright for Theatrefolk ( a publisher of resources for drama teachers: playscripts specifically for schools and student performers, and The Drama Teacher Academy ( an online membership site with curriculum, professional development courses, and professional learning community events just for drama teachers.


Public Release:

Roundworm unlocks pancreatic cancer pathway

C. elegans model shows how RAS oncogene switching determines a cell's fate

University of North Carolina Health Care

In a study published today in the Cell Press journal Developmental Cell, a team of researchers led by Channing Der, PhD, Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology at UNC-Chapel Hill, took a step back to a simpler organism - a common roundworm - and made a discovery about how the Ras oncogene chooses a signaling pathway and how the consequences of that choice play out in cellular development - a key issue in cancer, which is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.

Der, who is also a member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, explains, "In humans the cell signaling pathways are very complex; there are more than 20 different downstream partners beyond the two proteins we study - Raf and RalGEF - that Ras can choose to interact with. In C. elegans, there is only one of each protein. That made it easier for us to identify how Ras chooses a partner to 'dance' with and what are the critical events in the subsequent cell development that promote cancer."

Scientists often study simpler organisms to tease out genetic and cellular activity that might be almost impossible to map in humans. "Worms' cells actually share a great deal of functional overlap with human cells. However, while there may be one mechanism in a simple organism like a worm, there are multiple mechanisms at work in humans. It's a great thing for us as people, because there is a great deal of redundancy in our biological systems that helps them self-repair and function better, but it makes it a lot harder to study what's going on at a basic level," Der notes.

In addition to Der, the team included graduate student Tanya Zand, and Assistant Professor David Reiner, PhD, both of UNC's Department of Pharmacology.

The project was supported by the National Institutes of Health.