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A step towards clarifying the limits on the existence of atomic nuclei: Successful experimental determination of "angular momentum" by JAEA

Elements up to atomic number 118 are listed in the periodic table, but how many elements can theoretically exist? JAEA Advanced Science Research Center student trainee Shoya Tanaka (also a graduate student at the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University), Assistant Principal Researcher Kentaro Hirose, Principal Researcher Katsuhisa Nishio, and Professor Yoshihiro Aritomo for the first time succeeded in experimentally determining the angular momentum that is given to nuclei generated via the multinucleon transfer reaction, a type of nuclear reaction. Principal Researcher Nisiho said that "We are currently proceeding with experiments that use new measuring devices. By accumulating experimental results, we hope to construct a theory that leads to an 'island of stability' and to clarify the extent to which elements can exist." The paper detailing these results was published in Physical Review C.

In the natural world, elements with atomic numbers 1 (hydrogen) to 94 (plutonium) have been confirmed, and humanity has succeeded in artificially producing elements, such as atomic number 113 (nihonium), up to atomic number 118 (oganesson) by using heavy ion accelerators. There is currently global competition aimed at synthesizing the eighth row of the periodic table for elements of atomic number 119 and above. The region where atomic nuclei stably exist is the region where the magic number of protons (2, 8, 20, ...) and the magic number of neutrons (2, 8, 20, ...) overlap. Therefore, it is necessary to reach an island of stability that simultaneously realizes 114 to 120 protons and 184 neutrons, which has not been achieved to date, and to investigate the structure of the atomic nuclei that exist there. However, the number of neutrons is insufficient in conventional methods of fusing atomic nuclei, and it is not possible to reach an island of stability. As such, attention is being paid to the multinucleon transfer reaction.

The multinucleon transfer reaction is one of the processes that occur in the collision of atomic nuclei, and it produces neutron-rich nuclei by exchanging multiple neutrons and protons. In this process, if the angular momentum of a compound nucleus (merger of an incident nucleus and a target nucleus) is too large, then the nucleus will collapse due to fission, and, because neutron-rich nuclei are formed when the angular momentum is small, it is necessary to have good control over the compound nuclei's angular momentum. However, up until this point there had been no detailed measurements of the angular momentum in multinucleon transfer reactions, and, in particular, there were no examples of investigating changes in angular moment with respect to the number of neutrons and protons that are transferred.

The research group irradiated a neptunium-237 target with an oxygen-18 beam that was obtained from a tandem accelerator, and, using a ΔE-E silicon detector that had been developed, the research group observed the traveling direction of the nuclei after the reactions. When fission of compound nuclei occurs the fission fragments are ejected. If the compound nuclei are not rotating, then the fission fragments are scattered in all directions, but, if the compound nuclei are rotating, that is to say, if angular momentum was imparted to the compound nuclei, then many of the fission fragments are emitted in directions that are 90 degrees from the axis of rotation. This was observed experimentally, and the research group confirmed that angular momentum was imparted to the compound nuclei.

Method to identify the compound nucleus produced in the multnucleon transfer reactions, and determination of the rotational axis (equivalent to angular momentum direction). The fission fragment direction can be measured relative to this axis. The right-hand-side figure is the ΔE-E spectrum to identify compound nucleus.
Provided by JAEA

Next, when the angular-distribution data obtained from the fissioned pieces was examined, it was found that the angular momentum largely increased for neptunium-237, 238, and 239, in that order. Further analysis of plutonium-238, 239, and 240 and americium-239, 240, and 241 showed that the angular momentum increased with the number of neutrons and protons that were transferred, and, while the number of neutrons and protons that are transferred is small, if their number exceeds three then the angular momentum will saturate. The occurrence of angular momentum saturation indicates that the possibility of forming neutron-rich compound nuclei may be easier than has been predicted by theories so far.

This result gives important insights into clarifying the mechanism by which angular momentum is imparted and is a step that gives guidance for generating nuclei in the undeveloped regions towards islands of stability.

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Why airline bailouts are so unpopular with economists

The uncertainty of COVID-19 and a pancession (pandemic-induced recession) of unknown duration, has meant the short-term bankruptcy risk for many airlines is at an all-time high. It is becoming increasingly difficult for airlines and aerospace players to source finance through traditional private debt and equity pathways. But underlying this are some salient truths. Many countries see mobility, airline jobs and a competitive aerospace sector as non-negotiables – and will do all they can to prevent the loss of a major airline.

However, airline bailouts are an inefficient use of taxpayer money at a time when fiscal recovery (stimulus) spending is sorely needed.

We recently surveyed 231 leading economists (from 53 countries) including senior finance ministry and central bank officials, for a new Oxford Review of Economic Policy paper, and asked them about 25 different stimulus policies. We found that airline bailouts have the lowest perceived economic payoff and the lowest overall desirability. Conceivably these policymakers were put off by the industry’s carbon emissions and perceptions of history repeating itself. In this vein, governments want to avoid setting a precedent for future crises – that is, they hope to encourage responsible behaviour by the industry. Any airline bailout clearly should require a quid pro quo.

Making bailouts sustainable

The solution is simple: any airline bailout should include conditions that the airline reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, with interim targets and a plan to deliver. If airlines fail to meet these conditions, or any number of intermediate climate-related targets, bailout funding would be converted to equity so that the taxpayer could own a stake.

In this way, airline executives and shareholders would have strong financial incentives to meet carbon reduction targets, governments would improve their progress to meeting international climate commitments, and the world would benefit from slowed global warming.

Time to phase out the high-carbon jet fuel? Jaromir Chalabala / shutterstock

Green bailout conditions should allow for strong ambitions – such as airlines reaching 30% sustainable fuel use by 2030 – without prescribing solutions. Governments must empower airlines to develop their own pathways for carbon reduction, providing the freedom to business to determine the most cost-effective decarbonisation choices.

Even airlines which are not bailed out need to do better on sustainability. The current global agreement, CORSIA, the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, requires airlines to offset all growth in emissions from 2020 onwards. This is a good start, but it is far from enough to reach net zero in three decades time.

Yet, as a result of the huge reduction in air travel, the global airlines trade association, IATA, has implied that the climate emergency should be deprioritised to allow for COVID-19 recovery, citing “inappropriate economic burden”. Maybe a realistic compromise would be to cut the airlines some slack in the short term, perhaps using the average of 2017-2020 emissions as the baseline (rather than 2020 alone) – the extra two years would reduce the effect of the crisis.

However, we can and should ask much more of the industry in the medium and long term – nothing less than a collective net zero target is required.

Achieving net zero

The concept of net zero aviation is not far-fetched. Qantas, IAG and Etihad have already committed to reaching it by 2050 while Finnair believes it can do it by 2045. How? Through alternative power, efficiency opportunities and direct carbon offsets.

Jet fuel and aviation gas have almost-exclusively powered jet turbine and propeller planes since the second world war. Biofuels were first approved for commercial airliner use in 2011 and though they remain much more expensive, production efficiencies are reducing prices, as might emerging algae and sugarcane-based technologies.

Battery-powered flight is no longer science fiction. In 2019, the world’s first fully electric commercial plane was unveiled at the Paris Air Show. Projections suggest that such aircraft could become a staple of short-range travel by 2035.

New zero-carbon fuels hold great promise. Both hydrogen and ammonia can be produced efficiently from air, water and renewable energy. Synthetic kerosene (made from renewable hydrogen and CO2 captured from the air) is another route that is being explored. All of these rely upon renewable energy, which is getting cheaper every year.

There are other options. More efficient flight planning and plane design can help. Reduced airport taxiing, idling and longer runways could help too, offering significant reductions in cost and carbon emissions. Lighter materials and more efficient spacing of seats could dramatically reduce fuel consumption for equivalent loads.

Finally, airlines can partner to play a key role in developing more reliable carbon offset markets. As discussed in a recent Nature paper, carbon offsets are not all equal because they store carbon for longer or shorter times. Airlines can hold competitors to account on weak carbon offset standards and lobby for industry-wide carbon audit processes that are conducted through independent review.

The impacts of COVID-19 on aviation are only just beginning to be felt. Governments should use bailouts to encourage innovation and get something for all of us, and the climate, in return.

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Trauma Informed Care is a practice based on the understanding of and responsiveness to the impact of trauma.

Trauma is a natural response to a life-threatening experience.

Trauma can be caused by a single event or repeated exposure to trauma.

Trauma can be caused by an event that is directly experienced, witnessed, or learned about.

Trauma Informed Care focuses on four key areas: safety, trustworthiness, choice, and collaboration.

When it comes to trauma informed care, there are four key areas that you will want to focus on. These areas include safety, trustworthiness, choice and collaboration.

Safety is the first pillar of trauma informed care because it is important for people who have experienced trauma to feel physically and emotionally safe in order for them to progress through their healing process.

Trustworthiness is another pillar because when someone trusts you enough to open up about their experience with trauma or other issues they may be facing in their lives; this makes them more willing to collaborate with you so that together you can help find solutions for their problems.

The third pillar of choice means being given choices whenever possible so that no one feels forced into something they don’t want or need at any given moment.

Finally collaborative approaches allow everyone involved with each participants’s treatment plan work together as equals.

Safety: Ensuring physical and emotional safety in all interactions.

The importance of safety is a key component of trauma-informed care. It’s not just about physical safety—it’s also about emotional safety. Safety is best understood as an environment, relationship, and process that ensure that all interactions are safe for both you and your clients/patients.

  • The environment: This includes creating a safe space for people to access services without fear of being judged or attacked physically or emotionally.

  • The relationship between everyone involved: The service provider(s), their team members, and the client should all be able to trust each other as equals when interacting with one another for the client’s best interest (not just the service provider’s). They should also feel free to ask questions if they don’t understand something or want more information; talking through things together will help build trust between everyone involved in providing services.

Trustworthiness: Being worthy of trust while also providing an environment of trust.

Trustworthiness is an essential component of any healthy relationship. Trust is not a one-time event. It’s something that is earned and must be worked on daily, for it to remain strong. Trust is not given; it’s earned by being worthy of trust yourself and by providing an environment of trust for others.

Trustworthiness also enables rapport building which is a quintessential to trauma recovery. By enabling new understandings and experiences of relationship dynamics, old patterns and known experiences can be identified in relation to the individuals with which these occurred as opposed to an application to all future relationships.

Choice: Providing opportunities for individual empowerment, self-advocacy, and self-determination.

The key to building trust is giving people the opportunity to make choices for themselves. Trauma can cause people to lose their sense of choice, control, autonomy, and self-determination. Traumatised individuals often feel that their lives are out of control: they may feel confused about why things are happening the way they are; they may worry that others will not listen to them or understand them; and they may believe that no one can help them solve their problems. This loss of choice causes anxiety and mistrust in relationships because traumatised individuals do not have faith in others’ ability or willingness to support them when it comes down to making decisions on their own behalf.

The importance of helping traumatised people regain a sense of empowerment through choice cannot be overstated because it is crucial for empowering survivors with self-advocacy skills (both legal rights/responsibilities and personal decision-making capacity), providing opportunities for creative expression, increasing participation in age appropriate activities at school or work etc., while helping reduce feelings of helplessness during times when such choices become available again (i.e., holidays). Mutual respect and a breakdown of the typical medical constructs that enable a power dynamic between the person and service provider are to be abandoned. The service provider recognises the individual’s unique strengths and acts as a resource to patient and the goals they self determine as priorities.

Collaboration: Internal and external relationships that support healing and well-being.

Collaboration is a key component of trauma informed care. It refers to working together to achieve a common goal, building relationships between people and organisations, bringing people together to solve problems, or creating opportunities for individuals with diverse backgrounds and perspectives to share their knowledge—all in service of the community’s well-being.

One of the primary goals of collaboration is to build trust among those involved so that they can work efficiently together on a project or issue. When there is trust in an organisation, people feel comfortable being honest about their feelings so that situations can be resolved effectively; if everyone feels safe expressing themselves in this way there will be less conflict within the group which leads directly towards increased productivity levels overall!

When people have experienced trauma, the way they interact with their physical and mental health changes.

  • People may have trouble trusting others – including their doctors, nurses and other healthcare providers.

  • People may have trouble trusting themselves.

  • People may have trouble trusting the world around them.

  • People may have trouble trusting their bodies or their minds to work properly.

  • People might not be able to trust certain emotions or memories because of what has happened to them in the past.

Trauma Informed Care is a practice based on the understanding of and responsiveness to the impact of trauma. It focuses on four key areas: safety, trustworthiness, choice, and collaboration. When people have experienced trauma, the way they interact with their physical and mental health changes. Trauma Informed Care helps to create an environment where individuals can heal in a supportive manner that respects their experiences and needs.

Trauma Informed Care also helps to abolish longly held disempowering dynamics widely held in medical practice and ushers in a new era where the patient steers the direction and ultimately holds the responsibility of overall physical and mental wellbeing. Empowerment translates to better holistic, sustained health outcomes and a disintegration of previous psychological barriers to care.

Here at Valion Health our clinical team undertake training with the Blue Knot Foundation – and this comes highly recommended.


How to Calculate 1/1 Minus 9/89

Are you looking to work out and calculate how to subtract 1/1 from 9/89? In this really simple guide, we'll teach you exactly what 1/1 - 9/89 is and walk you through the step-by-process of how to subtract one fraction from another.

Want to quickly learn or show students how to calculate 1/1 minus 9/89? Play this very quick and fun video now!

Let's set up 1/1 and 9/89 side by side so they are easier to see:

1 / 1 - 9 / 89

1 x 89 / 1 x 89 - 9 x 1 / 89 x 1

This is what 1/1 minus 9/89 looks like with the same denominator:

89 / 89 - 9 / 89

89 - 9 / 89 = 80 / 89

You're done! You now know exactly how to calculate 1/1 - 9/89. Hopefully you understood the process and can use the same techniques to add other fractions together. The complete answer is below (simplified to the lowest form):

Convert 1/1 minus 9/89 to Decimal

80 / 89 = 0.8989

Cite, Link, or Reference This Page

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Preset List of Fraction Subtraction Examples


Do You Have Goals or Are You Wandering Aimlessly?

I’ve been writing this blog for Eight years. It’s been my goal to do two posts a week. While I’ve been mostly faithful in my commitment, I must confess this past year or so has been really hard for me.

I’ve had a lot more outside commitments that are occupying my time, but it feels like it’s more than that. Have you ever wanted to just stop doing everything and reset? Take a break from life and catch your breath? How did you motivate yourself to work through the lulls?

I have read a lot of information on the internet and in books on motivation and how to jump start your battery when it dies (my analogy). Maybe that’s a bit drastic of an example, but you get where I’m going.

I’ve also wondered if getting that full-manuscript request has taken some of the steam out of my boat, and I need to take a break and prepare for the next stage of the game.

It hasn’t been easy. It’s required a lot of time and dedication on my part. I wasn’t an English major and literally had to learn how to write a publishable novel.

Every step I’ve taken so far seems to be the hardest step. I’m currently in the waiting game. My manuscript has been sent out as requested, but it’s been almost five long months without a response. The ultimate goal has been to get this work published. I’ve met a major milestone, but I can’t lose sight of my final destination.

The one thing that has motivated me and kept me moving forward, is setting goals for myself. I may be dragging my feet right now, but I know where I’m heading. With my eyes set on the finish line, I will get there.

Do you have goals set for your life or are you just wandering aimlessly hoping that things work out? You will never get to where you want to be without a plan in place to get you there.  Set those goals! Work that plan! It could mean the difference between failure and success.

-Jan R

Do You Have Goals or Are You Wandering Aimlessly?

Take Your Reader on The Journey! (Revisited)

I’ve written several blogs patting authors on the back and thanking them for the joy they provide to people like my mom.

She is elderly and can’t go to the places she would like to visit, but my mom loves books. They take her not only to places she would like to go, but places she could only go to in her dreams.

Consider this! Your novel is a journey. You aren’t just walking through that journey; you are the tour guide, and you’re taking your reader with you.

When you write that novel, you are doing at least one of several things.

  1.  Taking the reader somewhere they cannot personally go.
  2. Showing your reader new aspects of a place they are already familiar with.
  3. Suggesting a place your reader could not even imagine existed.
  4. Reflecting on places, people, and situations that your reader may be familiar with, but are unable to put into words with your particular expertise.

Enjoy the journey and be cognizant of those who are with you. Remember, they can’t read your mind. It’s your job to put the story in writing and make sure that your reader is following the intended path. You are the guide! You are their eyes and ears!

Something to think about.

-Jan R

Take Your Reader on The Journey! (Revisited)


Elves of the Ancient Ocean

More than 500 million years ago, in the clear geological sea of the ancient land of Gondwana, a kind of strange-looking arthropod slowly crawled on the seabed, searching for biological remains and other organic matter. They are Marrella. Marra worms appeared in large numbers in the Cambrian ocean and belonged to a unique class of arthropods-Marrellomorpha (Marrellomorpha). At present, the earliest Marla worm appeared in the early Cambrian strata in Hunan, China, and it has been more than 500 million years ago. Its family is very prosperous and is the most numerous arthropod in the Burgess Shale Biota in Canada. Marla insects and their close relatives are also a thriving group, which have lived freely in the ocean and evolved various types for the next 150 million years. They are like modern sea spiders, evolving skinny shells to dispel the appetite of predators and continue their lives.

The earliest record of Marra insect fossils
In 1909, the famous paleontologist Charles Walcott collected the first Marla worm fossil from the Burgess Shale in Canada. At first, Walcott thought it was like a kind of lace crab, maybe a peculiar trilobite. In 1971, paleontologist Harry Whittington re-studied this fossil and based on the characteristics of its legs, gills, and head appendages, he determined that it was not our common trilobites, chelated limbs or crustaceans, but a A brand-new taxa, so a new class of Marla.

In 2012, paleontologist Liu Qing discovered and reported the earliest Malraea so far in Paiwu Township, Huayuan County, Xiangxi, Hunan, China. Although only one fossil specimen was found at that time, the traces of the back spines of Marra worms were clearly preserved, indicating that the early representative forms of Marra worms were simple, with X-shaped back spines as the main feature and smooth edges.

Weak creatures in the Cambrian ocean
Marla worms are very weak animals in the Cambrian ocean, so they need to find ways to protect themselves from being killed. They did not use the traditional method, but took a different approach to reduce their size, become skinny and make predators lose their appetite. The most typical feature of Marla worms is the two pairs of long curved spines extending backwards, and the streamlined and light body makes it easy to cruise freely in the ocean.

Before the discovery of the Marla worm in the Loquat nut biota in western Hunan, the earliest Marla worm fossils appeared in the Kaili biota in Guizhou. The Kaili Biota includes 11 major categories and more than 100 genera of animal fossils, featuring various arthropods, echinoderms, and jellyfish, including trilobites, and many specimens have preserved mollusc structures. The age is slightly earlier In the Burgess Shale Biota, Canada. The Marla worms discovered and reported in the Kaili Biota are very similar in morphology to the Loquat Biota, and there may be a close relationship between them.

The Canadian Burgess Shale Biota is located in British Columbia. More than 100 marine animals have been discovered, of which arthropods are the dominant group. The Marla worm fossil is one of the most common fossils in the Burgess shale biota. More than 25,000 specimens have been collected, making it the second most common arthropod in the area. Among them, the most prominent feature is the discovery of a large number of Marra worms that preserve soft structures. Soft structures such as appendages are all well preserved, providing important materials for comprehensive scientific research.

In addition, a new species of Marra worm-Marra worm Australia, a three-dimensional preserved Austen-type fossil, was also discovered in the Monk Creek Phosphate Biota in Australia, providing paleontologists with more information about this species.

The relatives of Marla in the Paleozoic ocean
After the Cambrian, Marra worms evolved more new types. The back spines of Fuca that appeared in the Ordovician are more gorgeous, with a pair of small spikes protruding from both sides in front of them, forming a hexagonal shape. There are many slender cilia growing on the edges of the six spikes, which are extremely gorgeous. Most of the fossils of Foca worms only retain the hard bone spurs, but in the Feizurata Special Buried Fossil Library in Morocco, the body structure of the Foca worms is also completely preserved, which is not easy. These lithe little guys are swimming in the Ordovician ocean, like elves living in the sea.

About 50 million years later, scientists discovered the descendant of Marra insects, Mimetaster hexagonalis (Mimetaster hexagonalis) in the Hunsrück special buried fossil library of the Early Devonian in Germany. Although its carapace is small, its two strong appendages are exceptionally prominent, like a steel spider.

After the Devonian Marla descendants disappeared, no traces of such arthropods were found in the strata. It seems that their extinction also represents the collective curtain call of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna. Soon after, the curtain of new life forms Pulled up slowly.


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ER workers crossword clue

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Direct comparison of video laryngoscopes in simulated difficult intubations [abstract] Abstract uri icon

  • Background: Video laryngoscopy is a developing technology for advanced airway management. While marketed for use in hospital and prehospital settings, little is known about use of these devices in uncontrolled environments.
    Objectives: We compared rates of and times to successful intubation between direct laryngoscopy (DL), King LTS-D, and four video laryngoscopes (Glidescope GVL, McGrath Series 5, Prodol AirTraq, and Storz C-MAC) in a simulated difficult airway.
    Methods: Following IRB-approval, emergency physicians, emergency medicine (EM) residents, and emergency medical services (EMS) providers were enrolled. Participants were surveyed on prior experience, trained on each airway device, and given time to practice intubations with each device. Participants were allowed120 seconds to successfully place each device in a manikin airway with cervical immobilization in which simulated emesis is propelled via concealed tubing. Providers had suction, an endotracheal tube introducer, and an airway assistant available. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA.
    Results: To date, 58 EMS providers have participated. Success rates: DL = 94.8%; King = 93.1%; C-MAC = 89.7%; Glidescope = 89.7%, McGrath = 58.1%, and AirTraq = 44.8%. The AirTraq and McGrath success rates were significantly lower than the others (p<0.05 for each device comparison). Average time to insertion (seconds) were: King = 27.21±19.46, DL = 38.47±20.51; C-MAC = 41.96±17.66; Glidescope = 54.74±24.32; AirTraq = 55.84±21.63; McGrath = 67.71±27.97. King LTS-D placement was significantly faster than all others (p<0.05 for all comparisons). DL placement time was significantly faster than the Glidescope, AirTraq, and McGrath (p<0.05 for all comparisons). A second phase of this study, with emergency physicians and residents, is currently underway. Data will be analyzed separately from EMS providers.
    Conclusion: Interim analysis shows rates of successful placement of the Prodol AirTraq and McGrath Series were significantly lower compared to the other devices among EMS providers. In addition, the King LTS-D was the most rapidly-placed device.

publication date

  • 2011


CDPA: Virginia's Consumer Data Protection Act

The Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (CDPA) is headed to the Governor’s desk for signature within the next two weeks, and it looks like Virginia will be the second state (behind California) to pass a data privacy law.

When does this law go into effect?

The CDPA becomes effective in January 2023.

Who does the CDPA apply to?

The CDPA will apply to businesses that control or process personal information of at least 100,000 consumers (defined as Virginia residents) or those businesses that control or process the data of at least 25,000 consumers AND make 50% or more of their gross revenue from the sale of personal data.

The CDPA exempts businesses that are subject to HIPAA, GLBA, and other regulations. This is a broader exemption than the CCPA, which applies to information covered by those requirements but not the organization.

What are the penalties, and who enforces it?

The CDPA has fine amounts up to $7,500 per violation.

The CDPA will be enforced by the Virginia Attorney General, and there will be a Consumer Privacy Fund to ensure resources are allocated for enforcement. Notably, there is not a private right of action.

There is a 30-day “Right to Cure” of potential violations. It appears states are continuing to give businesses the ability to right any potential wrongs, given this type of legislation is relatively new compared to other regulations and obligations businesses face.

What are the Requirements?

Consumers will have the ability to access, correct, delete, and receive a copy of their personal data.

Consumers can opt-out of the processing of personal data in the context of targeted advertising under the CDPA. If a business has not already done so, this will likely require some form of cookie notice and the ability for the consumer to stop cookies and trackers from being placed when they visit a website.

Businesses will also be required to make additional disclosures surrounding their personal data processing activities, the rights, and how consumers may exercise their rights.

As outlined, the CDPA is not effective until January 2023, so businesses will have time to prepare. Businesses that have been subject to the CCPA that have a program in place to comply will likely be able to rely upon existing controls and frameworks with some tweaks here and there to comply with the CDPA.

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Altitude and the Heart: Is Going High Safe for Your Cardiac Patient?

John P. Higgins, MD, MPhil; Troy Tuttle, MS; Johanna A. Higgins, MD

Am Heart J

In This Article

Congenital Heart Disease

In simple uncomplicated congenital heart disease including atrial septal defect, restrictive ventricular septal defects, and patent ductus arteriosus, there is usually a net shunting of blood from the higher pressure left side to the lower pressure right side of the heart, with little, if any, right-to-left shunting. Upon short-term exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, right-sided pressures may increase, resulting in an increase in the right-to-left shunting with resultant arterial oxygen desaturation as more of the deoxygenated right-sided blood is bypassing oxygenation in the lungs.[47,56]

This has been confirmed via cardiac catheterization. One group has shown that in a patient with an atrial septal defect and a resting left-to-right shunt, there was a significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure on hypoxic exposure resulting in reversal of the shunt.[57] Interestingly, most studies of individuals who were born at and lived at high altitude reveal an increase in prevalence of patent foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus, likely due to a persistence of the fetal pattern of pulmonary vasculature, that is, thick smooth muscle cells, narrow lumen, small pulmonary vessels, and increased pulmonary and right ventricular pressures.[58,59,60]

Because of the potential catastrophic effects of an acute increase in right-to-left shunting and/or pulmonary artery pressures in patients with congenital heart disease with shunts, exposure to high altitude should be avoided.[56] However, exposure to moderate altitude has been reported to be safe even in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease.[61]


You are currently viewing The Closing Statement of the Project<br>Water Crisis in Northeastern Syria

The Closing Statement of the Project
Water Crisis in Northeastern Syria

متوفر باللغة العربية أيضاً
Bi Kurdî jî peyda dibe

Qamishli 12/06/2022

Northeastern Syria is experiencing an unprecedented water crisis, affecting all life aspects of life. It is reflected in a severe decrease in the level of the Euphrates River originating in Turkey and flowing through Syria and Iraq. Furthermore, there is a drinking water crisis in Al-Hasakah. The drinking water is repeatedly being cut off at the Allouk station located in the countryside of Serêkaniyê city / Ras al-Ain, after the pro-Turkish Syrian factions’ control over it in October 2010. Allouk Station is the only source supplying the city and its countryside with drinking water. All of this is happening in light of climate changes threatening the world. However, the conflict countries are the most affected by these changes. Therefore, it was necessary to work within a project aiming to take cognizance of this crisis’ aspects, to reach outputs that can be built upon, to reach solutions that would either end this crisis or mitigate its adverse effects on the lives of northeastern Syria’s residents.

Then the project idea came up and was proposed by Nextep Organization in partnership with the Walat Media Foundation to Free Press Unlimited (FPU). The Project is divided into two phases. The first phase is holding four dialogue sessions about the most significant effects caused by the water crisis. One of the sessions addressed the political and military conflicts and their implications for this crisis, as Turkey cuts off the drinking water from Al-Hasakah, through its loyalist Syrian factions who control the city of Serêkaniyê / Ras Al-Ain. And as a result of the conflict with the warring parties Syrian, Turkey also reduces the flow of the Euphrates River to Syria. The sessions also addressed the repercussions of the water crisis on the internal and external migration of people as a way to escape from constantly worsening suffering. In addition, the impact of the crisis on the state of civil peace after disputes broke out between the people over water. Finally, its impact on public health, agriculture, and livestock, as the low level of the Euphrates River led to the stagnation of drinking water, thus, its pollution, which resulted in many diseases due to drinking contaminated water. Furthermore, the lack of rain, along with the drop in the river level, affected the agricultural sector, which experienced a clear decline, in turn, affected the livestock, which was also affected by the absence of pastures and the reliance on unsafe water for watering.

The project’s second phase has been to advocate the water crisis question, re-introducing it, and keeping it in circulation as an issue of public opinion. It included producing media materials supporting the themes of the dialogue sessions. Accordingly, Welat Media Foundation (the partner organization) has produced four media reports and 16 online promotional posters highlighting quotes from these reports to reach the largest possible audience. The reports were originally produced in Arabic and translated into English and Kurdish, then published on Nextep Organization’s and Welat Media Foundation’s social media platforms.

As a support for the advocacy process, Nextep has shared the proposed solutions within the outcomes of the dialogue sessions with several international organizations and actors related to the issue of the water crisis and will share them with the local authorities in northeastern Syria as well.

The project contributed to covering the water crisis in northeastern Syria from various aspects by producing media content that included extensive and comprehensive information about the water crisis and its most important effects. Nextep and the Walat Media Foundation assure that this information will be available to any party wishing to advocate for this issue, be it civil society organizations, media foundations, or governmental and non-governmental organizations. This content is not subject to any copyright except a Creative Commons license.

Nextep Organization

Al-Mahdi Bin Baraka St. (12 March martyrs’ Stadium St.), Qamishli, Al-Hasakah, Syria.

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SEC Chairman Gensler updates FSOC on his initiatives

"We proposed a rule enhancing the disclosure requirements for advisers and investment companies marketing themselves using ESG-related labels. This will help ensure that investors can see the information that stands behind funds’ and advisers’ claims when labeling themselves as 'green,' 'sustainable,' 'low-carbon,' and so on."

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Ottetto dell'Orchestra di Piazza Vittorio a Musica delle Tradizioni 2021
Traditional music

Ottetto dell'Orchestra di Piazza Vittorio

Per esigenze tecniche il concerto sarà spostato nella Sala del Ridotto

Friday 29 October, 20:45Sala del Ridotto

The Octet that will perform for the Festival of Traditions is a so-called "pocket" ensemble of the Orchestra of Piazza Vittorio. Composed of musicians of disparate origins, it represents the synthesis of fourteen years spent playing together. It is on stage that this group formed and grew, varying dimensions, instruments and languages and thus building its image.

The eight musicians are authors and performers of often autobiographical pieces that reflect their culture and their personal musical style. There are two sources of inspiration that have guided them in these long years of activity: the journey and the encounter. During a trip, it is not only the places that change but also the travelers themselves. The numerous live performances on tours in Italy and around the world have stimulated the musicians to get to know each other.
The meeting fostered the exchange of artistic experiences and allowed the continuous enrichment of their repertoire. The goal of the concert is to give the viewer back the sensations and emotions experienced when the piece by a single musician becomes the heritage of the whole ensemble.

Over the years, the Piazza Vittorio Orchestra has received numerous international awards. In 2020 he won the 65th edition of the David di Donatello as "Best Musician" for the Magic Flute of Piazza Vittorio, an overwhelming rewrite of Mozart's opera.

Emanuele Bultrini (Italy)guitars
Peppe D’Argenzio (Italy)sax
Ernesto Lopez Maturell (Cuba)drums and vocal
Omar Lopez Valle (Cuba)trumpet
Carlos Paz Duque (Ecuador)vocal and flutes
Pino Pecorelli (Italia)electric bass
“Kaw” Dialy Mady Sissoko (Senegal)vocal and kora
Ziad Trabelsi (Tunisia)oud and vocal
Hersi Matmuja (Albania)vocal

Certificazione Verde Covid-19 per l'accesso a Teatro

Si avvisa che a seguito del decreto legge del 23 luglio 2021, dal 6 agosto l’accesso alle sale teatrali è consen...

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Life Without Troubles

Have you ever wondered, what would life be without troubles?
You would find yourself practically without any aspirations.
No challenges mean absolutely no chance of achievements,
What a waste would life be itself?
So my dear friend, feel blessed when troubles come your way,
'Coz they're only working at showing you a brighter day.


What is the positive color result for dische test?

What is the positive color result for dische test?

The (Dische) Diphenylamine Test is used for determining the presence of nucleic acids. The presence of DNA will turn a clear solution blue. The more DNA present the darker the color. Another nucleic acid, RNA, will turn green.

What is the principle diphenylamine test?

Principle: The deoxyribose in DNA in the presence of acid forms β-hydroxylevulinaldehyde which reacts with diphenylamine to give a blue colour with a sharp absorption maximum at 595nm.

What is dische reagent?

Dische re·a·gent (dish’ĕ), diphenylamine in acid; also, a mixture of aniline, diphenylamine, and phosphoric acid in acetone or ethanol.

What are DNA and RNA types of?

Nucleic acids, macromolecules made out of units called nucleotides, come in two naturally occurring varieties: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in living organisms, all the way from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals like you and me.

What does the dische test for?

The Dische’s Test will detect the deoxyribose of DNA and will not interact with the ribose in RNA. The amount of blue corresponds to the amount of DNA in solution. The diphenylamine compound of the Dische’s test interacts with the deoxyribose of DNA to yield a blue coloration.

What does nucleic acid testing detect?

A Nucleic Acid Amplification Test, or NAAT, is a type of viral diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. NAATs detect genetic material (nucleic acids). NAATs for SARS-CoV-2 specifically identify the RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequences that comprise the genetic material of the virus.

What is diphenylamine used for?

Diphenylamine dissolves well in many common organic solvents, and is moderately soluble in water. It is used mainly for its antioxidant properties. Diphenylamine is widely used as an industrial antioxidant, dye mordant and reagent and is also employed in agriculture as a fungicide and antihelmintic.

What is the other name of diphenylamine test?

Preferred IUPAC name N-Phenylaniline
Other names (Diphenyl)amine Diphenylamine (deprecated) Diphenylazane N-Phenylbenzenamine Anilinobenzene (Phenylamino)benzene N,N-Diphenylamine C.I. 10355 Phenylbenzenamine
CAS Number 122-39-4

What is the principle of dische test?

Dische Diphenylamine Test For DNA Acidic conditions convert deoxyribose to a molecule that binds with diphenylamine to form a blue complex. The intensity of the blue color is proportional to the concentration of DNA. The Dische’s Test will detect the deoxyribose of DNA and will not interact with the ribose in RNA.

Why Orcinol is used in RNA estimation?

Principle: This is a general reaction for pentoses and depends on the formation of furfural when the pentose is heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Orcinol reacts with the furfural in the presence of ferric chloride as a catalyst to give a green colour, which can be measured at 665 nm.

What is RNA used for?

RNA carries out a broad range of functions, from translating genetic information into the molecular machines and structures of the cell to regulating the activity of genes during development, cellular differentiation, and changing environments. RNA is a unique polymer.

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Albanian Adverbs

This is a list of adverbs in Albanian. This includes adverbs of time, place, manner and frequency. Which sums up most of what you need for daily use.

Now: tani
Later: Më vonë
Tonight: sonte
Last night: mbrëmë
This morning: këtë mëngjes
Yesterday: dje
Today: sot
Tomorrow: nesër
Next week: javën e ardhshme
Already: tashmë
Recently: kohët e fundit
Lately: kohët e fundit
Soon: shpejt
Immediately: menjëherë
Still: ende
Yet: akoma

After the above adverbs of time, now we move on to adverbs of place.

Here: këtu
There: atje
Everywhere: kudo
Anywhere: gjëkundi; kudoqoftë

Now adverbs of manners, used to describe how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb.

Carefully: me kujdes
Alone: vetëm
Very: shumë
Really: vërtet
Quickly: shpejt
Slowly: ngadalë
Almost: thuajse, pothuaj
Together: së bashku

These are adverbs of frequency, which are used to answer the question "how often?".

Always: gjithmonë
Sometimes: nganjëherë
Rarely: rrallë
Never: kurrë

We hope the adverbs lesson in Albanian was useful to you. Let's move on to the next subject below. Or choose your own topic from the menu above.

Albanian AdjectivesPrevious lesson:

Albanian Adjectives

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Albanian Plural

Albanian Plural


The Munich Artists’ Cooperative in the post-war period
The exhibition “‘Divinely Gifted’. National Socialism’s Favoured Artists in the Federal Republic” shows that the post-war careers of “divinely gifted” artists contradict the image of an art-political fresh start in the Federal Republic after 1945. Other artists who had also been successful in the “Third Reich” but were not on the list were often not inclined to break away from the artistic continuities of the Nazi period. Art historian Anke Gröner demonstrates this using the example of members of the Münchner Künstlergenossenschaft, or Munich Artists’ Cooperative.


Direct Licensing Policy (Public Performance and Transmission Rights)
1. Our Direct Licensing Policy
1.1 This is the direct licensing policy of AOIR RECORDS LLC Within Australia, for the licensing of our  sound recordings and music videos for public performance or transmission is handled by the Phonographic Performance Company of Australia (PPCA), with the exception of the licensing of recordings to film, television episodes and Webseries episodes and the drawing up of Synchronization Agreements.

1.3 The PPCA grants licenses for sound recordings and music videos to the following types of businesses and for the following purposes:

a) festivals;
b) concert venues;
c) radio stations;
d) television stations;
e) nightclubs;
f) restaurants and cafes;
g) schools and universities;
h) gymnasiums and fitness centres;
i) music on hold;
j) community halls;
k) childcare centres; and
l) other

1.5 If you require a license for the public broadcast or transmission of one of our sound recordings, music videos or associated artwork within Australia you should contact the PPCA at or call (02) 8569 1111. An alternative to licensing the sound recording or music video directly from us is to obtain a blanket license from OneMusic Australia through the website or call 1300 162 162. If you obtain the OneMusic license then you will not require a license from us because the blanket license gives you permission, within the terms of the license, for the public
performance of musical works and sound recordings, with the exception of broadcast, webcasting and simulcast licenses which can be obtained from us or through the Phonographic Performance Company of Australia (PPCA). PPCA can be contacted through their website or call (02) 8569-1111.

1.6 Once you have paid the license fee and have signed the license agreement you are permitted to use the sound recording and/or music video in accordance with the terms and conditions of the license.

1.7 You will also need to contact the Australasian Performing Rights Association and the Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (APRA/AMCOS) to acquire a license from them for the use of the musical works and lyrics. See or call APRA/AMCOS on 1300 852 388 and ask to
speak with their licensing department.

2. Direct Licensing for Film, Television and Webseries
2.1 AOIR RECORDS LLC only provides non-exclusive licenses. This means that we may offer the same license to more than one production concurrently.

2.2 The license we would grant to your production would be by way of a Synchronization Agreement.

eed to provide the following information:

a) the name of your production company;
b) the Australian Business Number of your production company;

g) how long you require the license (we generally grant licenses for a period of between 12 months and
4 years, negotiated on an individual basis).

2.3 License fees are negotiated on an individual basis.

2.4 The license to use the sound recording is separate from any license required in respect of the underlying copyright in the music and lyrics on the sound recording. Unless the underlying musical works are no longer protected by copyright, you will also need to obtain permission to use the underlying musical works. Permission to use musical works where the copyright is held within Australia can be sought from APRA/AMCOS, who will issue a separate Synchronization Agreement. For works

2.5 AOIR RECORDS LLC reserves the right to issue a Synchronization Agreement by way of a transmitted document or an email, depending on our time restrictions, and both will be considered a contract by way of law.

2.6 . To enquire about directly licensing any of our sound recordings or music videos, please contact
Alvin Pipkin II, CEO on (707) 514-3807 [email protected] 1830 Springs Road #175, Vallejo, CA


Brouwerij HopHop

Brouwerij HopHop is a starting hobby brewery. With zero knowledge about brewing beer, only consuming beer, jumped into the deep end of what is known as (beer)brewing! Started in 2021 with a starterskit to brew a white beer. This beer tasted good but had little to no foam. The adventure continued with brewing an IPA, a blond beer, and a Weizen. They all came to light from a large stockpot. In 2022, the brewery purchased a real all-in-one boiler! This still has to be ushered in with a first brewed beer! Curious about how that goes and ultimately how the beer will turn out? Follow me on instagram!

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College Should be Affordable for Everyone

College Should be Affordable for Everyone

Tymber Moody, Web Editor

Near the end of each school year, a certain disease infects a quarter of high schools. If you’ve graduated high school already then, odds are, you’ve already had this disease and are very familiar with it. Some people simply call it a lack of motivation or laziness, but the real term for this disease is Senioritis.

Once students reach their senior year and senioritis starts to set in, they become eager to leave high school and move on to bigger and better things. But what are those bigger things? Are they truly better?

The majority of students who graduate from high school tend to head off to a 4-year college of their choosing, take out some student loans, and start their lives on their own. Yes, I’m aware that there are some exceptions, but for now, let’s focus on students going to a 4-year college.

Assuming those students don’t have 60,000 dollars lying around to pay for their college, they’re going to take out some student loans which will most likely follow them for 20 or more years. Should those students, who are just recently learning how to live on their own, have to struggle to pay off thousands of dollars of schooling?

Now, I understand that schools have to pay their staff and need money for their own expenses, so I’m not saying that college should be free. However, I am saying that college should be affordable for everyone.

There are so many students who don’t get the opportunity to go to a good college because they simply can’t afford it. Even with scholarship money and other forms of financial aid, the cost of tuition, room and board, books, and other expenses are still too high.

To ensure that all students have the opportunity to attend a good college, the prices need to be lowered drastically. Think about how educated our society would be if the ability to go to college and learn wasn’t only geared towards people with money. In order for us to grow as a society, we need change. Yes, it might be difficult and messy, but it’s what we need in order to grow.


Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders and Dissociative Symptoms

Document Type

Publication Date

Opioid use has been associated with numerous psychiatric symptoms, including dissociative symptoms. Medications that are used to treat opioid use disorder can potentially impact dissociative symptoms, but this has not been explored in the existing literature. We intended to examine the relationship between dissociative symptoms and opioid use disorders using the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). We studied subjects who were prescribed methadone, buprenorphine or naltrexone for opioid use disorder. Surveys were given to subjects in three substance use treatment facilities: TCN Behavioral Health Services, Inc., Project C.U.R.E., Inc. and Access Ohio. All data were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 (Cary, NC) and p-values <.05 were considered statistically significant. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine associations between the study variables and the outcome. A multiple linear regression model was developed to examine the association between opioid medication type and dissociative symptoms.

There were 116 participants included in the analysis. Approximately 55% of participants were prescribed buprenorphine. The majority of participants were female (51.7%), white (89.5%), and ≤ 40 years of age (64.7%). The average dissociative symptoms score was 16.1 (standard deviation = 14.9) and 80.9% were considered to have low dissociation (score < 30). There was a significant association between medication type and dissociative symptoms (p = .01). Participants prescribed buprenorphine had higher mean dissociation symptom scores (18.8) compared to methadone (12.7) and naltrexone (12.8). Their last use of alcohol or other drugs (p = .006) was significantly associated with dissociation symptoms. Overall, the multiple linear regression model was significant (F = 3.54; p = .003) and explained 11.8% of the variance. Compared to buprenorphine, both methadone (β = -0.479; p = .01) and naltrexone (β = 0.266; p = 0.007) had significantly lower dissociation scores, controlling for the other variables.

Presented at the Boonshoft School of Medicine Central Research Forum.


Just How To Initialize A Range In Java

Since selections are things in Java, we can locate their size making use of the things residential or commercial property length. This is various from C/C++ where we discover size using sizeof. There will be much more sample program of selections with loops tutorial. We can declare an empty range making use of the brand-new key words with a predefined size. In this case, we will supply the size to the range prior to runtime, and after that the variety will certainly be declared according to the dimension. There are numerous ways to state a selection in Java, but we can only do this dynamically.

how to initialize an array in java

Among the most effective techniques that you can utilize to initialize your range includes making use of a for loop to initialize it with some values. Keep in mind that we’ve just developed a selection recommendation. No memory has been allocated to the variety as the size is unidentified, as well as we can’t do a lot with it. In this tutorial, we’ll take a look at exactly how to declare and boot up selections in Java. Also if you remedy the syntax, accessing information is still incorrect (You can only gain access to information to information since index of selections in Java is 0-based).

Just How To Produce A Receptive Image Gallery With Flexbox.

This is performed behind the scenes, allowing the programmer to use simply one line of code to call the technique. You can likewise declare a selection of ranges by using 2 or more collections of braces, such as String [] [] names. View website how to initialize an array in java with same values. Each component, therefore, should be accessed by an equivalent number of index worths. An array of objects is produced just like an array of primitive kind data products in the following means. That is, to use brand-new to assign a range, you should define the type and also variety of components to assign. Array can consist of primitives (int, char, etc.) as well as item (or non-primitive) references of a course depending upon the interpretation of the range. In instance of primitive data types, the actual worths are stored in contiguous memory places.

Java 8 introduced a number of improvements to the Arrays course, like introduction of Arrays.setAll() approach. It can be made use of to set all elements of the defined range, utilizing the generator function that calculates the desired value for each index. For instance, listed below code creates an integer variety of dimension 5 using brand-new driver as well as variety initializer. If you discover above, both dimensional range arrI2 is not a symmetric matrix. It’s because a multidimensional selection in java is in fact a variety of array.

Java Flow Control.

For example, you can have an integer range or a string array yet not a blended one which contains both strings as well as integers. As Java is a compiled language, you likewise need to define the dimension of the range prior to passing it to the compiler. Here we produce a range which can contain five aspects.

how to initialize an array in java

We have several techniques for collaborating with ranges. We can customize the aspects, arrange them, duplicate them or look for them. A selection is a container things that holds a set number of worths of a solitary type. The size of a selection is developed when the selection is developed. You have actually seen an instance of selections already, in the main method of the “Hello Globe!” application. This section talks about ranges in greater detail. Initially, you need to proclaim a variable of the wanted range kind.

Develop A New Selection Circumstances.

This tutorial short article will introduce how to boot up an empty array in Java. While this procedure is brand-new and also novel, it can only be used to print the array from index 0 throughout of the array. For example, you can not publish the array in reverse order utilizing this syntax. ), each aspect in the range will be automatically initialized to 0. In the complying with Java example, we are stating a circumstances variable of variety type and initializing it from the manufacturer. Arrays.fill; It will certainly designate the specified float worth per component of the array.

Accessing information will throw an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException. Notification the distinction in between both affirmations. When designating a new range to a stated variable, brand-new need to be made use of. The approach Arrays.copyOf() produces a new variety by replicating another array. The technique has many overloads which accept different sorts of disagreements. Note that the technique approves the array, the index of the very first aspect, the variety of components, as well as the worth.

Java Selections Tutorial: State, Create, Initialize.

A certain aspect in a range is accessed by its index. The selection is a basic type of data framework which can keep primitive variable or items.

how to initialize an array in java

Two selections are equivalent if they include the exact same elements in the exact same order. The improved for loop is made use of to go through all the elements of the array. A variable that holds a three-dimensional variety is stated with 3 sets of square braces. The values are area inside three pairs of curly braces. Two for loopholes are used to print all the six worths from the two-dimensional variety. The initial index of the twodim variety refers to among the internal arrays. The second index describes the element of the picked internal range.

In the following instance, we pass a selection to a technique. Going in this article. Utilizing the aspect access, we multiply each worth in the range by two.

how to initialize an array in java


How many aircraft carriers did the IJN have?

How many aircraft carriers did the IJN have?

Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II

Imperial Japanese Navy warships in World War II
Number of units
Battleships 12
Fleet carriers 15
Light carriers 5

What was the first Japanese carrier sunk in ww2?

Shōhō was the first Japanese aircraft carrier to be sunk during World War II.

What is the most powerful aircraft carrier in ww2?

Shinano (信濃) was an aircraft carrier built by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II, the largest such built up to that time….Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano.

Launched 8 October 1944
Completed 19 November 1944 (for trials)
Fate Sunk by the submarine USS Archerfish, 29 November 1944

How many aircraft carriers did Japan sink?

Still, when the USS Bismarck Sea was sunk by Japanese kamikaze pilots during the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945, she took 318 crewmen down with her, a devastating loss. Twelve aircraft carriers were sunk by the enemy during World War II — five fleet carriers, a seaplane tender and six escort carriers.

Did Germany have aircraft carriers in World War II?

The German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin was the lead ship in a class of two carriers of the same name ordered by the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany. Named in honor of Graf (Count) Ferdinand von Zeppelin, the ship was launched on 8 December 1938, and was 85% complete by the outbreak of World War II in September 1939.

Did any Japanese aircraft carriers survived World War II?

During World War II, Hōshō participated in the Battle of Midway in June 1942 in a secondary role. After the battle, the carrier resumed her training role in Japanese home waters for the duration of the conflict and survived the war with only minor damage from air attacks.

Has a submarine ever sunk an aircraft carrier?

USS Archerfish (SS/AGSS-311) was a Balao-class submarine. Archerfish is best known for sinking the Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano in November 1944, the largest warship ever sunk by a submarine.

Why didn’t the Germans have aircraft carriers?

DeBarber, The principle reason for Nazi Germany never completing an aircraft carrier was constant changes in priority. One had, in fact, been ordered on November 16, 1935, was laid out in Kiel on December 26, 1936, and launched as Graf Zeppelin on December 8, 1938. The ship was never completed, however.

Did the Germans ever build an aircraft carrier?


The Leasing Association of Kenya was registered in 2003 and is an association for leasing practitioners and asset finance in Kenya. Their mandate is to bring together individuals and firms engaged in leasing and to ensure the leasing industry is not only developed but also sustainable.

LAK needed a fully functional website where they could keep their stakeholders and fans constantly updated. They also needed search engine optimization to help improve their rankings and make them more accessible to web users looking for their services. lack of relevant digital marketing expertise was also a challenge.

Digital Tailor Agency was given the task of creating a website for LAK. This site would be designed with user experience in mind and optimized for search engines. An SEO audit would be done to rank them against their competitors and determine which keywords their target audience was using to search for their services.

We created a user centric website with a responsive design that made it easy for users to navigate their site. Our seo experts optimized their website, improving its rankings on search engines and make potential clients easily find them.


I’m studying for my Psychology class and need an explanation.

Wk 2 – Tracking Positive and Negative Emotions [due Mon]

Assignment Content

  1. Resource:
    Tracking Positive and Negative Emotions Paper Grading Guide
    Track your experience of positive and negative emotions over 4 days this week.

    • Did you experience more positive or negative emotions during the tracking period?
    • What did you notice about the range of emotions you experienced during the 4 days? What type of experiences generated the strongest emotional responses?
    • Explain the psychological benefits of positive emotions as discussed in this week’s readings.
    • What are some strategies to help cultivate positive emotions in your life?


InvestorQ : Why were the mutual fund NFOs under a ban and what is likely to change from July 2022 onwards?
Arti Chavan made post

Rutuja Nigam answered.
2 months ago

One of the major events in the regulation of the capital markets in terms of ensuring investor safety was the Karvy fiasco in 2019. In that case, client funds and client shares had been misused by the promoters of the company and transferred into their own accounts to pay off other dues. That led to several changes including the way power of attorney was given to the online brokers. One such major change came in the way the pool accounts were used to pool the investments from a number of small investors to make a single application.

The SEBI had given the Mutual funds a deadline of March 31, 2022 to wind up the pool account system, and when that was not done, the NFOs were banned by SEBI till a proper system was in place and approved by AMFI. The 3 month deadline is coming to an end on 30th June, and mutual funds will be allowed to again launch fresh new fund offerings or NFOs. However, this will be subject to the AMC demonstrating that it had resolved the contentious pool account issue for NFO and only after AMFI confirms, the NFO can happen.

The pool account is an interesting subject. It is when an intermediary like a mutual fund advisor, aggregator or an online broker collects funds from a number of clients and uses it to make a single application for the sake of convenience. The problem for SEBI is that the float remains with the advisory or distributor and not with the AMC, which is not a very healthy practice. To curb that practice, SEBI had banned the use of pool accounts in NFOs. The onus is on the AMC to show that it had put a system in place and get ratified by the AMFI.


How much longer do you cook a frozen pie?

Many frozen pies need to be baked for 15 to 20 minutes or until golden brown in color. If that doesn’t yield a pie that’s done all the way through, try baking it for 30 minutes, then reducing the temperature to 325 °F (163 °C) and baking for an additional 25-30 minutes.

What temperature and how long do you cook a frozen pie?

Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Remove Pie from plastic bag. Place frozen baked fruit pie in Preheated oven. Heat for 25 – 30 minutes or until soft when a fork is inserted in center of pie.

How do you cook a frozen cooked pie?

To reheat a frozen baked pie, thaw the pie in the refrigerator overnight and reheat (bake) in a 350°F oven till heated through. The crust will need to be shielded to prevent over-browning.

How long does it take to cook a frozen family pie?

FROZEN: cook for approximately 40-45 minutes or until the pastry is puffed and golden brown.

INTERESTING:  How do you win a cooking contest?

Can you cook a cooked meat pie from frozen?

You can cook your pie from frozen as the stew is already cooked . All your doing is heating through the pie and allowing the pastry to rise.

How do you cook a frozen uncooked fruit pie?

How to Bake a Frozen Fruit Pie

  1. Preheat your oven to 450 degrees F.
  2. Unwrap your frozen fruit pie and cover it with aluminum foil. Place it on a cookie sheet to catch spillage. …
  3. Bake the pie for 15 minutes. …
  4. Uncover the pie and bake for 45 to 60 minutes or until the crust turns golden and the filling begins to bubble.

How do you reheat frozen sliced pie?

Heat oven to 350 degrees, then pop pie slices in for 8–10 minutes.

How do you cook a frozen steak pie?

To cook:

  1. Remove pie from the freezer and unwrap.
  3. Bake until golden and heated through, about 50 minutes.

What temperature do you bake a family pie at?

Store in refrigeration below 5C Here are our recommended reheating instructions for a Family Pie – If you pop your Family Sized Savoury in a traditional fan forced oven on at 150 degrees for 25 minutes then that should warm your savoury up nicely, ready for dinner!

Should you thaw a frozen meat pie before baking?

You don’t want to thaw a frozen pie before baking it. It’s better to take your pie out of the freezer, cut a few slits into the top, and place it into your oven once it is preheated.

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Can I put a frozen pie in the oven?

When baking frozen pies:

Bake the pie frozen – do not thaw. Place a cookie sheet in your oven and preheat your oven to 425 degrees F. Place the pie on the cookie sheet. … Bake at 425 degrees F for the first 15-20 minutes and then turn down to 350 degrees F until done.

How do you cook a frozen beef pie?

Conventional oven

Preheat oven to 190 °C (375 °F). Remove frozen pie from plastic wrapping and place in oven on middle rack. Heat for 60 minutes, or to your liking. For best results, let stand for 5 minutes before serving.

How do you cook a frozen meat pie in the oven UK?

To cook from frozen, preheat the oven to 170 degrees and place on a baking tray. Cook for 35 minutes until golden brown and piping hot.


Klima-Therm celebrates another top award win

This latest win follows a run of awards for the company's products over the last decade.

Air conditioning, heating and air movement product supplier Klima-Therm has won Heat Pump Product of the Year at the ACR News Awards for the Rhoss EXP/HT all-electric low carbon cooling and heating system.

The Rhoss EXP/HT uses a hybrid four-pipe air or water source heat pump to produce simultaneous or independent cooling and heating (using heat recovery wherever possible for ‘free' heating or cooling), with typical HVAC chilled water temperatures of 6 or 7degC and space heating hot water temperatures of up to 55degC. It also employs a water source heat pump producing higher temperatures for domestic hot water up to 78degC.

Tim Mitchell, sales director of Klima-Therm, explained: "Rhoss EXP/HT is cutting-edge technology that pushes the boundaries of innovation in heating, cooling and heat recovery. It offers a definitive change to existing techniques / equipment and contributes to environmentally friendlier cooling / heating through reduced carbon emissions, best-available energy efficiency and improved performance."

The hybrid four-pipe heat pump can produce independent cooling and heating, just like a traditional chiller or heat pump. The innovative part of the system is the use of a third heat exchanger within the machine so that, when cooling, the heating can be essentially free due to heat recovery, or vice versa.

A high temperature water source heat pump is then used, with the recovered heat being the source to raise the temperature of the domestic hot water loop to up to 78degC with a coefficient of performance (CoP) of up to 6.0.

The Rhoss EXP/HT typically boasts operating energy cost savings of around 22% and 28% reduction in carbon emissions compared to a traditional chiller and boiler four-pipe solution (without water source heat pump). Any additional cost for the hybrid heat solution over a chiller and boiler system is typically recovered within just over two years from the energy cost saving.

The system also offers a host of significant installer benefits. For example, since it is an integrated heat pump solution, there is no need for a boiler which results in plant space saving and lower equivalent CO2 emissions in operation. It is a single source polyvalent solution, which means operational risk is reduced and maintenance is faster, cheaper and easier.

Roberto Mallozzi, managing director of Klima-Therm, said: "The Rhoss EXP/HT has generated worldwide interest and this latest prestigious award recognises the innovative nature of our approach to low carbon systems.

"It´s a real honour to receive this recognition. Our efforts to provide building services professionals with top-quality solutions for their everyday needs have clearly paid off, and we are proud of the fact that we continue to receive such esteemed distinction because it showcases the dedication, expertise and sheer hard work of our remarkably talented team of employees and suppliers."

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Green Liberty – The decision to repaint Szabadság Bridge to its original green was reached 35 years ago

Hungarian version of the article: Harmincöt éve dőlt el, hogy ismét zöld lesz a Szabadság híd

Written by: Csaba Domonkos

October 17, 2020 at 11:00 AM

Following a tragedy in Vienna, abridge renovation project was launched in Budapest in 1979. Szabadság Bridge was slated for renovation in 1981, however, was eventually prioritised due to urgent work. Despite this, the bridge was closed again in 1985, as the original steel support columns had been corroded so significantly they became unstable. However, during this second renovation, the decision to repaint the bridge to its original green was also made.

The collapse of the Reichbrücke on 1 August 1976 shocked not only the Viennese public but every company responsible for maintaining bridges in Europe. The collapse of the chain bridge built in 1937 highlighted the need for the regular maintenance of bridges.

The Budapest Council, responsible for maintaining bridges in the capital was also quick to learn from the event and began a bridge renovation project. As part of this, all bridges in Budapest were inspected in detail, and required renovations carried out.

Franz Joseph Bridge shortly after being opened around 1900 (Photo: Fortepan, Budapest Archives. Reference No.: HU.BFL.XV.19.d.1.08.086)

The original schedule slated Szabadság Bridge for renovation between 1981 and 1983, after repairs to Petőfi Bridge had been completed and Árpád Bridge widened. However, when a deformation was found on the abutment on the Pest-side of the bridge, supports had to be installed under the structure.

This changed the plans, prioritising repairs to the oldest bridge structure in the city. Significant parts of Szabadság Bridge are elements of the original structure, unlike other bridges which were renovated more recently. (The oldest elements of the Chain Bridge were installed during the 1914–-1915915 reconstruction.)

While German troops did blow up the bridge in 1945, only its central portion was damaged. The pillars and shore anchors stayed standing. Smaller renovation works were completed in the 1960s. A major review of the structure was conducted alongside a repainting in 1965–1968. The tram tracks were replaced in 1969, and the road pavement repaired, but no changes were made to the structure itself.

Built according to the plans of the brilliant Hungarian bridge engineer János Feketeházy, Szabadság Bridge is a unique structure. Designed to imitate a chain bridge, the structure is actually a cantilever truss bridge. Its two towers and main span are not firmly fixed but can move. The cantilever arms projecting from these do not meet in the middle but support a central suspended span of the bridge. This 47-metre central span and the rest of the structure is supported by two massive 609-tonne counterweights built into the anchors of the bridge.

A new roadway under construction (Photo: Fortepan, Ferencváros Local History Collection)

The deformation found in the counterweight housing within the Pest anchor had also damaged the roadway. Eventually in 1979 experts decided that the renovation could not be delayed any longer and began work in 1980.

Work began on 27 February 1980. The bridge was closed to road traffic; only pedestrians were allowed to cross. Parts of the original and 1946 road structure were destroyed and replaced with a new reinforced concrete roadway. The counterweight housings were also opened for the first time since 1896, which gave builders a glimpse of the bridge's original colour. The roadway was paved with asphalt, and public lighting on the bridge was replaced with mercury vapour lamps.

Trusses support the roadway. The bridge still painted grey (Photo: Fortepan, Uvaterv)

Protections against corrosion were also put in place. The bridge reopened on 17 October 1980. Work, however, had not been finished. Renovation efforts were cut short as work on the expansion of Árpád bridge had to begin. Contractors meanwhile only had the resources to work on one bridge at a time, and traffic also only allowed for one bridge to be closed at a time. Smaller tasks were completed on the underside of the roadway in 1981 and 1982.

Five years later, Szabadság bridge was closed again. The daily Népszabadság gave the following reasons for the decision in its 7 October 1985 issue:

"It came to light at the middle of last week that the vertical steel supports of the bridge, which are from the last century are extremely corroded. Early findings show that this was caused by gaps left to drain water from around these columns during the previous renovation were too narrow, as a result, rainwater built up and weakened the steel plates. Continued traffic on the bridge could lead to the deformation of these structures (are modern tram is heavier than a fully loaded truck), the support structure may have deformed, necessitating a quick repair effort."

The situation, as it turned out, was more severe. A support bar simply disintegrated when the pavement around it was torn up. This, in time, could have led to a fatal failure. With support from the Technical University of Budapest, the structure was repaired, and the support was also replaced. As a result, the bridge was closed to pedestrian traffic as well for a while.

The bridge was repainted to its original green in the 1985-phase of the renovation (Photo: Fortepan, Uvaterv)

The renovation was completed in 1986, the finishing touches, including the last coat of paint, were completed alongside running traffic. Not only was the bridge repainted to a green colour that more closely resembled its original paint job, but the national coats of arms were also replaced. The enamelled national coats of arms were removed from the bridge in 1946. During the 1985–1986, the ministerial commissioner responsible for the renovation, Tibor Dalmy, decided to reinstate the historical coat of arms on the structure, surprising not only the public but the leaders of the then socialist state.

The bridge today (Photo: Balázs Both/

At the time, engineers calculated that the tram connection on the bridge would have to be closed within ten years. However, due to constant care and inspection, it survived tram traffic until a major renovation could take place in 2007–2008. The entire structure was reinforced, and all original ornaments returned to the structurally most unique bridge in Budapest, including the railings of the central span.

Cover photo: The bridge today (Photo: Balázs Both/

Hozzászóláshoz lépjen be, vagy regisztráljon!

Registration | Remember me


On Obsessiveness

Tyler Cowen’s “My days as a teenage chess teacher” is interesting on a lot of levels. For instance, take lesson learned #6 of 7.

“6. The younger chess prodigy I taught was quite bright and also likable.  But he had no real interest in improving his chess game.  Instead, hanging out with me was more fun for him than either doing homework or watching TV, and I suspect his parents understood that.  In any case, early on I was thinking keenly about talent and the determinants of ultimate success, and obsessiveness seemed quite important.  All of the really good chess players had it, and without it you couldn’t get far above expert level.”

I often envy people who are obsessive about anything even remotely socially redeemable—whether being a grand master in chess, or cycling 12,000 miles/year, or knowing more about Mormon history than anyone except a few dozen Mormon scholars. Why do I envy obsessive people? Because I don’t know if I’ve ever been truly obsessive about anything. It seems like it would be fun to be so immersed in an activity that time stops.

And yet, when I take stock of my life, I can’t help but wonder if my lack of obsessiveness about any one thing may be one of my most positive attributes. If it’s not a positive attribute, splitting the difference between similarly compelling forces, is my essence. It’s who I am.

To the best of my ability, I seek balance. Between work and family life. Between intellectual pursuits and physical ones. Between running, swimming, and cycling more specifically. Between listening and talking. Between teaching and learning. Between friends. Between being silly and serious.

I wonder, should I stop idealizing obsessiveness?


What is the role of zooxanthellae during coral bleaching? Review of zooxanthellae and their response to environmental stress

climate change, Symbiodinium, antioxidant enzymes, heat-shock proteins

Coral reefs are diverse and productive but sensitive ecosystems. Due to the impact of climate change, these organisms are in danger of dying out, mainly through the process of coral bleaching, which is the process by which zooxanthellae (algal endosymbionts) are expelled from their respective coral hosts, causing the coral to lose colour and become white. Coral bleaching has been linked to increases in sea surface temperatures as well as an increase in light intensity. We reviewed the different zooxanthellae taxa and their ecological traits, as well as the information available on the protective mechanisms present in zooxanthellae cells when they experience environmental stress conditions, such as temperature fluctuations, specifically concentrating on heat shock proteins and their response to antioxidant stress. The eight clades (A–H) previously recognised were reorganised into seven existing genera. Different zooxanthellae taxa exhibit different ecological traits such as their photosynthetic stress responses to light and temperature. Zooxanthellae have the ability to regulate the number and type of heat shock proteins (Hsps) they produce during a heat response. They can also regulate the host’s respective Hsps. Antioxidant responses that can prevent coral hosts from expelling the zooxanthellae, can be found both within exposed coral tissue and the zooxanthellae cells. Despite the lower likelihood of bleaching in South African coral reefs, genetic engineering presents a useful tool to understand and adapt traits within zooxanthellae genotypes to help mitigate coral bleaching in the future.

  • Coral bleaching is the expulsion of zooxanthellae (algal symbionts) from the respective coral host, mainly due to elevated sea surface temperatures and light intensities, but numerous other factors, such as changes concerning salinity (ocean acidification), may also cause coral bleaching, although to a much lesser extent.
  • A specific clade of zooxanthellae can be linked to their coral host’s susceptibility to variation in oceanic temperatures, most probably by regulating both the host’s respective heat shock proteins as well as their own.
  • South African reefs have not experienced coral bleaching to the same degree as elsewhere in the world, mainly due to their unique reef topography and oceanic currents.
  • Genetic bioengineering of zooxanthellae cells provides a plausible solution to save southern African coral reefs before it is too late.

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How to Cite

Curran, A., & Barnard, S. (2021). What is the role of zooxanthellae during coral bleaching? Review of zooxanthellae and their response to environmental stress. South African Journal of Science, 117(7/8). https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/8369

Review Article


Droughts are extreme events that have major impacts on communities, ecosystems and economies due to slow onset and complex processes. Land and ecosystem degradation increase the risks of loss and damage during droughts, whereas well-adapted practices and policies can enable society to (re)build resilience. This review highlights actions needed to connect and fill gaps in the present systems for ecological and hydrological monitoring, governance, and alignment of economic incentives at regional, national and local scales.
It is commonly acknowledged that ants improve the hydraulic properties of soils in which they build their nests. To date, however, most studies of such soil modifications have focused on one ant species and one type of ecosystem, rather than investigating how different ant species affect different types of land cover within the same landscape. Our study focused on modifications to water infiltration and surface texture of Haplic Luvisols by two ant species—one of them present only in a forest and the other present only in a pasture.


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Fugaku supercomputer calculates ultrafast optical response of materials with more than 10,000 atoms: Paving the way for clarifying microscopic phenomena and aiming to standardize software

Light shining on a material causes its electrons and ions to oscillate. This oscillation causes the light to refract and reflect. SALMON, an open-source software package, can be used to investigate the microscopic motions of electrons and ions in light-illuminated materials using first-principles calculations and helps clarify these phenomena. A joint research group led by Professor Kazuhiro Yabana from the Center for Computational Science at the University of Tsukuba developed this software, releasing the first version in 2017.

The group has now succeeded in first-principles calculations of the optical response of nanomaterials containing more than 10,000 atoms using the supercomputer Fugaku. The achievement was a world first. Specifically, the group highly optimized SALMON for the task. It used about one-sixth of Fugaku's CPUs to perform parallel calculations consisting of more than 100,000 processes. Running SALMON on Fugaku allowed the group to study the nonlinear optical response of a thin film (approximately six nanometers thick) of silicon dioxide glass (SiO2) to intense pulsed light. The group found that the glass became opaque, quickly absorbing light. In addition, high harmonics with frequencies several to several dozen times higher than the frequency of the incident light were observed in the reflected and transmitted waves.

SALMON can freely simulate the pulse waveforms of light and the material structures, helping clarify phenomena caused by the motion of electrons and ions in microscopic space, which is difficult to measure experimentally. Going forward, the group aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of using supercomputers such as Fugaku to perform calculations on a wide variety of optical science phenomena to clarify phenomena from the atomic level. They also hope to have SALMON become widely used worldwide as a standard software tool.

Image of the cross-interaction of light and matter.
It shows how pulsed light is incident on the surface of silicon dioxide, which is composed of many atoms, and how the energy of the light is transferred to electrons and ions on the surface.

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New mechanism discovered by Nagoya City University by which starving cells fine-tune ribosome biogenesis

A group comprised of Associate Professor Kunio Nakatsukasa of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Professor Takumi Kamura and Assistant Professor Keisuke Obara of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, and Associate Professor Fumihiko Okumura of Fukuoka Women's University, has discovered a new mechanism by which starved cells fine-tune ribosome biogenesis.

Under nutrient-limited conditions, ribosome activity is repressed by several mechanisms including rRNA degradation, inhibition of ribosome assembly, ribosome-specific autophagy (ribophagy), and repression of Ribi genes. All these mechanisms are assumed to downregulate ribosome activity. Derepression of Ribi genes mediated by Dot6/Tod6 degradation most likely fine-tunes the level of Ribi and translation activity for cell survival under nutrient-limited conditions.
Dot6/Tod6 degradation fine-tunes the repression of ribosome biogenesis under nutrient-limitedconditions CC BY 4.0

Starved cells attempt to conserve energy and prolong their lives by inhibiting energy-consuming reactions as much as possible. Specifically, cell starvation leads to a series of reactions that inhibit ribosome biogenesis through the degradation of ribosomal RNA, suppression of ribosomal protein assembly, ribosome-specific autophagy, and suppression of ribosome biogenesis (Ribi) gene expression. In particular, Dot6 and Tod6 are known as transcriptional repressors involved in the suppression of Ribi gene expression. Thus, it was already known that when cells become starved, or nutrient-limited, it is Dot6 and Tod6 that are activated to suppress Ribi gene expression.

While studying the stability of a variety of proteins within cells, the group noticed that Dot6 and Tod6 were quickly degraded when the cell shifted to a nutrient-limited state. To understand why Dot6 and Tod6 were being degraded despite the fact that they were necessary for the suppression of Ribi gene expression under the nutrient-limited conditions, the group forced the overexpression of Dot6 and Tod6 in the nutrient-limited cells so that the Dot6 and Tod6 were stored rather than degraded. This caused ribosome biogenesis to be overly suppressed, which in turn negatively affected cell growth. This finding demonstrated that the excessive suppression of ribosome biogenesis was not advantageous even when the cell was nutrient-limited, and that it was important for that suppression to be fine-tuned through the degradation of Dot6 and Tod6.

According to Associate Professor Nakatsukasa, "The next question we need to address is whether fine-tuning suppresses all protein biogenesis evenly, or whether it suppresses the biogenesis of a specific protein, or in other words, whether the fine-tuning is quantitative or qualitative in nature. Recent studies have shown that there are ribosomes with slightly different genes, and we are starting to believe that each has a different role. The results of our work may provide clues to understand how these ribosomes with different characteristics are produced, which is an important question to answer in terms of basic biology."

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