What is Homeopathy?

Homeopathy is a holistic way of healing an individual as a ‘whole’, by treating not only physical but mental and emotional symptoms in their totality, based on the fundamental law of ‘Similia Similibus Qurentur’, meaning ‘Like cures Like’.

How fast Homeopathic remedies can act ?

Homeopathic remedies start working immediately after it is taken. Often,  people suffering from headache  find relief within minutes. It may take a while to get complete cure depending on the condition of the individual. Most individuals with acute conditions like fever and cold find relief in one or two days. In chronic conditions, people start feeling better in few days. As chronic conditions develop over a period of time (asthma, arthritis, diabetes), and the cure should be brought by reversing the pathological changes, it may take longer time in certain cases.In case of arthritis, many people get tremendous relief  within a couple of weeks.

Is it Slow to Act ?

This is a popular but highly mistaken belief amongst the people that Homoeopathy is slow to act. This, of course is a myth. In acute illnesses when the infection is growing at a fast rate, nobody, not even the homoeopath, can afford to wait for slow, passive action. The speed of therapeutic response is of utmost importance. The properly selected remedy with the right potency and dosage works with unbelievable speed.

What are sources of Homeopathic remedies ?

Homeopathic remedies are prepared from vegetables, minerals, chemicals, animal products and nosodes.

Why should Homoeopathy be first choice for health care ?

Homoeopathy  should be first choice for health care because it acts quickly without causing any side effects. The homeopathic system which is  proved on human beings is very effective in both acute and chronic conditions. It heals the problem from the root and establishes harmony in health. Besides healing the person, it improves the general resistance and avoids frequent visits to physicians for different problems. Homeopathic pills are sweet and every one  especially kids love to eat. Homeopathic treatment can be started  depending on signs and symptom without waiting for the diagnosing test results there by avoiding the deterioration of health and preventing further complications. Homeopathic remedies offer long lasting health.

Does the disease increases after taking treatment ?

Very occasionally after taking a Homoeopathic medicine the symptoms could become slightly worse. But this is a good sign and It indicates that the medicine selected is enhancing the body’s natural forces to heal itself. There is no cause for alarm as the effect is mild and transient. This may or may not be felt in all cases and should not last for more than 48 hours.

Difference between acute and chronic condition ?

Acute conditions :  Symptoms in acute condition have rapid  onset, severe symptoms, lasts for short duration. e.g. flu, malaria, acute renal infection. Depending on the condition and severity, people find relief in acute conditions  in few hours or few days. Some Acute problems are seasonal, many people get them at the same time of year.
Chronic conditions : Symptoms have slow onset and  long duration. e.g. diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma. In chronic conditions, individuals start feeling better within few days after taking suitable homeopathic remedy. Usually chronic conditions have acute episodes (e.g. getting pain once a  week ) in their course. Progress of case during the homeopathic program determined by degree of  relief, frequency and duration of the acute episode. During the homeopathic program, one may experience better degree of relief and increase d gap between episodes. Most of the chronic problems are complicated  with multiple organic involvement and often associate with mental problems like anxiety, depression. Good health is achieved by restoring comfortable mental condition, healthy physiological changes in organs and harmonic connections between them.

Why Homoeopathy is the best for psychosomatic problems ?

The disorders that have a physiological condition but are originated in the emotional state of an individual are termed psychosomatic (Psyche means mind, Soma means body).The psychosomatic conditons are also referred as psycho-physiologic disorders. This term applies to a large number of disorders of organs  innervated by the autonomic nervous system in which emotional factors are  primary contributing factor. The nervous system regulates and coordinates body’s activities and brings proper responses by which the body adjusts to changes of either external environment or internal environment. The autonomic nervous system which controls body functions involuntarily divides in to sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Conditions like anxiety, fear stimulate sympathetic nerve fibers and produces vasoconstriction in the part supplied like  general rise in blood pressure, acceleration of the heart rate, depression of gastrointestinal activity. Some effects of  parasympathetic stimulation are constriction of bronchioles like in asthma, contraction of smooth muscles of alimentary canal (produce griping pain in stomach), slowing of heart rate, and increased secretion by gland like salivary, gastric glands. Repeated episodes of these anxiety conditions produce disorders in those organs. Symptoms can be healed smoothly without side effects by addressing mental anxiety and physical problem together. Homoeopathy remedies  act at the level of mind and body together to eradicate the problem as a whole.
examples of psychosomatic disorders: Migraine, asthma, acidity, peptic ulcer, allergy. Most of the times, some of the following mental conditions are the cause for these problems: such as excessive anxiety, irritability, insecurity, obsessive traits, undue jealousy, suspicion ( paranoid fears ), depression, neurosis etc…
By relieving these emotions, homeopathic remedies bring harmonious state of health. Homoeopathy is for the person as a whole, not for disease.

Is there any solution for allergic conditions ?

Yes.Allergy is an acquired hyper sensitivity to a substance (allergen) that does not normally cause a reaction. It is essentially a disorder of immune system resulting antibody-antigen reaction. But, in some cases there may be a genetic predisposition to acquisition of particular allergy, where we can’t find any antibody.
Allergic conditions include:
Eczema, allergic rhinitis or coryza, hay fever, bronchial asthma
Symptoms like eosinophilia, nasal congestion, tearing, sneezing, wheezing, coughing, itching rash, eruptions
Etiology: pollen, dust, hair, fur, feathers, scabies, wool, chemicals, drugs, insect bites and  specific foods such as eggs, chocolate, milk, wheat, tomatoes, citrus fruits, oat-meal, potatoes.
20th century syndrome:  They develop symptoms like allergic  to every thing in the environment. This is most probably due to acute or chronic emotional stress. The individuals may isolate themselves from environmental materials.
Allergic conditions could be genetic or might have been developed later on due to a specific cause. Homoeopathy improves multiple symptoms of allergic condition with a single remedy.

Do I have to stop allopathic or other treatment with homoeopathic medicine ?

It will not be advisable to immediately stop the allopathic medicines as this may lead to unwarranted withdrawal symptoms as the body is used to taking those medicines.
The sudden-withdrawal effect of these potent drugs can be extremely harmful and it should be done very systematically and step by step. The dosage of allopathic medicine should gradually be decreased, while that of homoeopathic be increased.

Can Homoeopathic medicines be given during pregnancy and to infants?

Homoeopathic medicines are safe to take throughout pregnancy and lactation for ailments relating to this condition. They have no side-effects on the unborn foetus or the newborn child. But always Consult with your Health care provider

Till what time should a Homoeopathic medicine be taken?

Till the time the symptoms are not completely gone it should be continued and thereafter gradually decreased in frequency.

How can it help in surgical conditions ?

Homoeopathy address the cause of the problem. It also reduces the reoccurrence of the problem by  removing the nature to develop that condition like piles, fissures, fistula, appendicitis (except gangrenous), chronic ear discharge, vocal cord nodules, polyp in nose-ear, kidney and gall bladder stones, small size uterine fibroid, ovarian cysts, warts, corns etc.
Problems often reappear as described below:
After surgery they appear in the same place,  e.g. recurrent kidney stones  after repeated surgeries.
After surgery they develop in different location e.g. caries tooth. Infection of another teeth after removal of badly infected teeth in same side or opposite side. This chain may end up the individual with artificial dentures.
Piles are nothing but swollen pyloric veins. The real problem may be pressure on veins from constipation, congested liver or heart problem. Until the root cause is removed, they appear again and again even after they are operated. Homeopathic remedies give strength to muscles and ligaments to hold uterus in proper place save the uterus from removal in case of uterine prolepses.
The pathological changes are nothing but end products of disease. Just removal is not the solution for many conditions. Homoeopathy remedies some time helps to avoid surgery,  they also remove the tendency to develop the problem again.

Does Homoeopathy work for infants and children?

Homeopathic remedies are safe and very effective for children. As Homeopathic remedies strengthen the resistance,  it is very wise to start Homoeopathy as early as possible and let them grow healthily from the beginning. It lessens or removes the need for eye glasses, dentures etc… Homoeopathy is also effective in behavioral problems and temperament seen commonly in children like irritability, obstinacy, temper-tantrums, fears, phobias, thumb-sucking, nail biting, destructiveness, bed-wetting; as well as mentally and physically backward children. Most of the children’s ailments like cold, cough, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, colic, tonsillitis, bronchitis, asthma, chicken pox, mumps  can be addressed very effectively  with homeopathic remedies without any side effects. Homoeopathy removes allergic tendencies in kids to most food items. Single remedy for multiple symptoms in very minimal dose is offered in Homoeopathy. Homeopathic remedies are loved by kids because as the pills are sweet.

In what areas is Homoeopathic treatment more effective?

It is a complete medical science which has remedies for psychological, pathological and physiological disorders – and it also helps end drug- induced disorders. It works on a wide spectrum of illnesses like respiratory diseases, skin diseases, allergies, gastric diseases, etc and the actions of the medicines depends upon the selection and administration.

How does homoeopathic medicine work?

Homoeopathy, as a science of medicine is a stimulation therapy, which supports natural regenerative healing power of an organism, by enhancing body’s ‘Vital Force’ or ‘Auto-regulatory Power’. Meaning, the science of medicine intelligently act in the same way as our system’s defense reactions. They stimulate the natural defences of the body in order to make them more effective and thus, work with the body rather than against it. This is the reason why, in homoeopathy, only infinitesimal doses are needed. It was after years of experimenting that Samuel Hahnemann, founder of the homeopathic method, came to the following conclusion: “In order to bring about prompt, gentle, and lasting improvement, you most often need to use infinitesimal doses.”

Homoeopathy Works on Three Premises:

Any biologically active substance can cause a set of symptoms to appear in a healthy person. These symptopms are “characteristics of the substance” used.
Anyone suffering from a particular disease shows a set of symptoms which is “characteristic of the disease”. These pathological symptoms can be defined as being “changes in the way the person feels or behaves.”
The cure is comfirmed by the objective disappearance of pathological symptomps, may be obtained by taking the substance who experimental symptoms in healthy persons are most similat to the patient’s own symptoms, provided this substance has ben prepared homoeopathically.

What if I need a Homoeopathic Advice?

Public Pharma Pvt Ltd has added another section where we provide free homoeopathic advice to our online users on their fingertips all at their own convenience. One of our leading homoeopathic physician will get back to you after receiving your inquiry. Please be patient with the reply as we receive questions/inquiries from all around the world on daily basis. We thank you for your patience in advance!

Homoeopathy Vs Homeopathy?

Hahnemann, the founder of Homoeopathy was also a linguist and he thoughtfully chose the name of our new system of medicine. The word Homoeopathy, comes from the Greek “homeois” meaning similar or like. The word is united with “pathos”, meaning suffering, and bringing them together means “similar suffering”. In Latin language the word “homo” means “man” and the word “path” is “the way”. So, the word Homoeopathy may contain energies, which correctly represents our science of new medicine.
The word first appeared in Hahnemann’s essay, “Indications of the Homoeopathic Employment in Medicine in Ordinary Practice”. Hahnemann himself was quite sensitive about the spelling and he said in a Note Bene in the second volume of Materia Medica Pura and in Lesser Writings that, “the omission of the dipthong [Å“] makes the root of the word mean not similar”. “Are they all labouring under the same malady or stupidity”? “Should not anyone who ventures to step forward as a critic of the ‘spirit of the homoeopathic doctrine’ have to begin with at least some idea of the meaning of the word Homoeopathy.” So in good spirits of Hahnemann’s ideology and Homoeopathy as a science of medicine, 40 years from now,Public Pharma Pvt Ltd decided to have dipthong in its name respecting the meaning in the name of our science of medicine.

Is Homoeopathy safe?

Homoeopathy is one of the safest methods of treatment available today. Homoeopathy believes in the safe, gentle and permanent restoration of health. Medicines are greatly diluted thus rendering them non-toxic and non-addictive. They are prepared in licensed laboratories following stringent standards of quality.

Can animals be treated with Homoeopathy?

Homoeopathy is also effective in animals like dogs, cats, cattle, etc. There are an increasing number of veterinary doctors in India and abroad practising Homoeopathy.

Does Homoeopathic treatment involve diet restrictions and change in lifestyle?

Research has shown that severe diet restrictions are not required while taking homoeopathic medicines other than those which the disease demands. eg. A low salt diet in hypertensive patients, etc. However for the best affect the person should avoid eating and drinking 10-15 minutes before and after taking the medicine.

Does touching the medicine diminish its effect?

Yes, it may be possible. The dose of the medicine is so minute (4 small pills) that it is best to avoid touching it directly with the hand. Instead the required number of pills must be put in the cap of the container and then put in the mouth.

Is self-treatment allowed in Homoeopathy?

It will be correct to say that self-treatment is allowed for minor ailments. But one needs to have some knowledge of the medicine, potency, dosage, etc. Self-treatment is easy in over-the-counter Homoeopathic medicines where dosage has been specified. If symptoms persist contact a qualified homoeopathic doctor.

What are the other countries where Homoeopathy is popular?

Pakistan,India, SriLanka, Nepal and Bangladesh have a number of qualified homoeopaths and good pharmacies. Besides Homoeopathy is widely used throughout France, Holland, Germany, U.K and parts of USA.


How many times a week should you workout to tone up?

If you’re just looking to get strong and tone up, fitness instructor John Kersbergen says, “what I’ve found to be the most realistic for people to actually consistently do is some form of strength training three to four times per week, for 30 to 40 minutes.” That’s enough.

How many days a week should I workout to tone?

Is working out 3 times a week enough?

IMPORTANT:  Is it OK to use treadmill everyday?

How many exercises should I do for toning?

How long does it take to tone up body?

How can I get toned fast?

10 Ways to Tone Up Without Killing Yourself at the Gym

  1. Don’t stop eating! …
  2. Swap your carbs for… …
  3. Don’t scrimp on protein, even if you’re scrimping on other things. …
  4. Stay hydrated—your muscles depend on it. …
  5. Try interval training. …
  6. Make your muscles multitask for a longer calorie burn.

Can you workout 7 days a week?

What should I do on rest days?

6 Things Athletes Should Do on Rest Day

  • Hydrate, Hydrate, Hydrate. …
  • Eat Right. …
  • Stay Active. …
  • Stretch or Foam Roll.
IMPORTANT:  How do I know if I am doing HIIT correctly?

How many sets should I do for a full body workout?

In each full body workout, each muscle group should be targeted, completing 2 sets of 10-12 reps. Make sure to give yourself adequate rest and recovery between workout days. Full body workout example: Choose one exercise from each of the 12 muscle groups listed below then complete two sets of 8-12 reps.

How many exercises should I do for abs?

So how often should you train your abs? 2-3 exercises 2-3 times per week is plenty to maximize development without overdoing it. If you are already working out 3 times per week you can just tack 1-2 ab exercises on to the end of your workouts.

How many exercises should I do for glutes?

A well-designed glute program usually requires training 2–4 times a week with 3–6 different exercises, but your glute workouts can easily be combined with other exercises as part of a full-body workout.

How long does it take to get a toned stomach?

The good news is that even with moderate workouts, it only takes a season or so to see significant muscle definition. And if you really overhaul your diet, cardio and resistance routines, you’ll have more toned abs in as little as four to eight weeks.

IMPORTANT:  Why do I feel nauseous after morning workout?

How long does it take to lose belly?


Business Glossary

What is Logistics?

Business logistics generally refers to the process of acquiring, storing and transporting goods from one place to another. It can also refer to moving people from one place to another and maybe arranging transportation and accommodation for them. Effective logistics management is hugely important for almost all businesses.

Example of logistics

Logistics management is generally broken down into three main logistics functions: procurement logistics, production logistics and sales logistics.

Procurement logistics covers sourcing whatever a business needs to create its goods or perform its services. For example, this could be raw materials, equipment or consumables (e.g. fuel). This area of logistics is also known as inbound logistics or supply-chain management since it covers choosing and managing suppliers.

Production logistics covers the management of supplies during the production operation. It ends when products are delivered to a warehouse or services are ready to be delivered to the customer. Sales logistics covers the end-to-end delivery of the product or service to the purchaser. This area of logistics is also known as distribution.

Additionally, businesses also often need to manage human logistics. This covers the movement of employees while engaged in company business. Larger companies may have dedicated staff for this, or an outsourced partner. In SMEs, it’s more likely to be handled either by the employees themselves or incorporated into part of other roles e.g. line management or HR.

Approaches to logistics

Traditionally, the general approach to logistics management was summarised as ‘be prepared’. Companies of all sizes tried to maintain a consistent level of inventory of supplies and finished goods. This meant that, barring exceptional circumstances, they never ran out of stock. It also, however, meant that there was inevitably some level of waste.

In an attempt to reduce waste and become more efficient in general, many businesses started to move towards a just-in-time supply-chain model, meaning that they tried to maintain a constant flow of supplies and goods services rather than warehousing inventory.

This flow could be scaled up or down according to customer demand, and therefore relied on effective demand planning.

This approach did indeed reduce waste. It was always vulnerable to supply-chain disruption but prior to COVID-19, this was generally a fairly minor issue. During the pandemic, however, supply-chain management went into a tailspin. Factories closed, freight transportation was halted and the global supply chain snapped into multiple pieces. This created massive problems for many businesses (and their customers.

As a result, there has been a move back towards a more traditional approach to logistics management. Businesses are starting to (re)build distribution networks so they have distribution centres near their production operations and their customers. Inventory is increasingly seen as a genuine asset rather than just being marked as an asset on a balance sheet by accountants.

Changes in distribution systems

While inventory is now recognised as a genuine asset, it can still be challenging to store and distribute it. Firstly, you need some kind of storage facility. If you’re handling finished goods in any sort of volume, then that means a warehouse. Secondly, you need the time, tools and materials to fulfil customer orders promptly. Both of these can be major challenges for SMEs and impossible for micropreneurs and freelancers.

This has led to many businesses, especially smaller ones, moving to alternative distribution systems. The two main ones are fulfilment centres and dropshipping. With fulfilment centres, you source goods from your own suppliers or create them yourself. You then arrange for those goods to be transported to the fulfilment centre’s warehouse. Your partner then takes care of storing your goods securely and arranging delivery to your end customers.

With dropshipping, you work with suppliers, often manufacturers, who handle your sales logistics for you. In general, this means that you make a bulk purchase of goods. The manufacturer then warehouses them for you and ships them in individual deliveries as orders come in. For higher-value items, manufacturers may agree to do this for low purchase volumes but this is unusual.

Find out more about dropshipping.

Explore how Square can help you run your business.

Invoicing Software

Free Online Store

Mobile Card Reader


Log of what of Madison Vasquez has learned at Techie Youth

Fri. Jul. 29, 2022

fundamentals of entrepreneurship

I learned the benefits of entrepreneurship, as well as the risk. There is so much to gain from being someone who owns a business but the risks of time and money often scare people away.


  • behaviour, or how we make the choices about how to act
  • cognition or how our brains process information.

I have previously discussed the first two elements of behaviour and context.

Read more: To end share-bike dumping, focus on how to change people’s behaviour

Read more: Three reasons why share bikes don’t fit Australian culture

This article focuses on the third element, cognition.

Biases enable quick decision-making

An important theory in how we process information is called dual processing theory . In summary it says that we have two ways of processing information. One is fast, easy and automatic, which Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman describes as System 1. The other way is slow, effortful and deliberate, referred to as System 2.

Underlying this theory is the assumption that we try to minimise the cognitive effort we put into decision-making. We allow System 1 to do most of the heavy lifting, and refer the complicated stuff to System 2 only when needed.

That’s all well and good, except that under this theory much of our behaviour is an unconsidered reflex. While that should work well for most situations, sometimes it can lead to unintended consequences. Such as when we use share bikes. To be clear, what we’re looking at here is the behaviour of the share bike user who leaves the bike at risk, rather than the vandalism or littering that follows.

System 1 operates on mental shortcuts, or simple decision rules known as heuristics. While these generally work well, heuristics aren’t a good fit for every situation. When they fail the resulting behaviour is a bias.

Read more:
Here’s what bike-sharing programs need to succeed

So what biases are at work here?

When we look at share-bike littering, five biases are likely to be at play.

1) Omission bias is particularly relevant, as it’s how share bikes become available to vandals. This bias roughly says that we judge an action that leads to harm as worse than lack of action that leads to harm. We don’t see inaction, such as failing to park a bike in a safe and appropriate spot, as particularly wrong, even though it still leads to damage.

So, a user is likely to justify leaving the share bike somewhere dodgy on the basis that they didn’t do anything wrong. What they won’t admit to unfortunately is they exposed the bike to the risk of vandalism. If more share bikes were left in safer places, the incidence of share-bike littering would be likely to fall.

Share bikes are making news for the wrong reasons.

If a share bike has been left somewhere risky and exposed to vandalism, a second bias could kick in.

2) Self-serving bias says that individuals are much more likely to attribute positive outcomes to their own behaviour, and negative outcomes to someone else’s. So, if a share bike ends up in a river, it can be justified entirely as someone else’s poor behaviour, rather than the result of being left exposed by the user.

3) Attribution error bias may play a part if the share-bike user happens to be a little reflective. He or she could attribute their risky behaviour to the force of circumstance, which in their minds gave them little choice other than to abandon the bike to its fate. Unfortunately, bike scheme operators don’t help in these situations by not making it clear enough where it is risky or safe to park bikes.

In Melbourne, share bikes are being dumped in the Yarra River.

The operators try to encourage users to do the right thing with a series of incentives and penalties. Unfortunately, two further biases blunt those measures.

4) Optimism bias is the first of these. It’s the all-too-familiar idea that, for example, “bad things won’t happen to me”. For a user who is aware of potential penalties, the temptation to think they’ll get away with it could be enough to tip them into abandoning the bike.

5) Discounting bias also makes potential rewards or penalties less effective. This is the notion that future penalties or rewards are not as powerful as present ones. For the share-bike user, maybe wending their way home after a good night out, the appeal of ditching the bike now and getting to bed, versus a possible penalty some time in the future, could be an easy decision to make.

So, how do we counter these biases?

Knowing that some or all of those biases are operating, what are we to do about the problems with share bikes? The answer lies in accepting these biases rather than ignoring them.

Operators could refine their business models and engineer better behaviour. For a start, they could make it much clearer to users where it’s safe or unsafe to park the bikes.

As operators track where users are, they could also notify them through their app that a penalty is highly likely if they behave in certain ways. This could deal with two biases: optimism bias – by reminding the user they’re certain to be penalised if they don’t do as they should – and the discounting bias, i.e. the penalty will happen now, not at some time in the future.

Read more:

The ConversationThe question remains, what will push share bike operators to change their business models? Will market forces such as bike damage and the cost of recovery be enough to get them to change? Or is political leadership needed? For instance, in parts of Malaysia, share bikes have been seized when obstructing sidewalks.

Conor Wynn, PhD Candidate at BehaviourWorks, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University

Join the Conversation

Your email address will not be published.

  1. Technology already exists to warn drivers of golf carts that they are not on right side of a path or to close to a green. Similar should be applied to share bikes perhaps? Does this behaviour also apply to share car schemes?


Global Cart without Chained Payments

Would it be possible to enable other payment gateways for use with the global cart?

I would like to enable EFT payments and/or credit card payments (custom gateway) for orders from multiple sites, but only one payment needs to be made into my bank account (and only one amount sent to the gateway). I can then use an existing system to pay the supplies/individual site owners after I have received the payment, less my percentage per sale of course.

The only trouble would be that I (as site admin) would need to receive a summary of the order, ie products grouped by supplier for each order so they can receive their payments.

Seeing how difficult it is to get chained payments approved, plus the fact that some countries outside the US don’t use Paypal as much, this could be a good solution/option, don’t you think?


Fiber-optic networks have benefited from nearly 20 years of continuous expansion (notwithstanding the brief, yet surprisingly quiet period from 2002 to 2005). For terrestrial networking, this growth is easily understood and is due mainly to the fact that the optical network delivers higher bandwidth over longer lengths at a lower total cost per bit than other network technologies. However, there are many modern applications of the fiber-optic network, whose main drivers fall outside of the bandwidth-overlong- range and cost-per-bit economics.

Short-run applications, like those found in avionics systems and many other military and defense applications, are rapidly becoming commonplace. Factors that are of secondary importance in terrestrial networks are primary in many short-run applications. These factors include immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), extremely low weight-budget impact, and material properties such as non-corrosiveness. With these factors comes a very specific set of challenges not found in other network topologies.

In short-run networks, environmental considerations are often much more demanding. This type of fiber-optic network is often integrated into a moving object so it undergoes g-forces that can cause mating and interface problems. The network is often subjected to extremes in temperature and humidity that can cause long-term reliability issues. And, not the least of which, the network is often crammed into small spaces with multiple, critical, yet difficult- to-access connection points that form potential weak spots in the network. With the demands of the shortlength optical communications networks — like those employed in avionics, aerospace, military, and defense applications — there is a great need for more rigorous installation and maintenance assessment of link health.

Qualifying Short Optical Links

The short optical length of the network (typically

Figure 1. An OTDR trace of a typical optical link showing connections, bends, splice, termination,etc.
Traditionally, fiber-optic networks are inspected with instrumentation based on optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). An OTDR localizes events in a fiber network by sending pulses of light down the network and essentially listening for echoes. The timing and strength of the echoes are used to determine the location and severity of any reflection or loss effect along the length of the fiber path (Figure 1). In many respects, traditional OTDR is not a good match for short-run applications. This is due to the technological limitations of launch and event dead-zone, or blind spots, inherent to OTDR, which can be a significant percentage of the total link length for networks encountered in avionics and military applications.

Alternate approaches to qualify short optical links are emerging. Among the most promising of these technologies is fiber reflectometry, which is based on tunable laser interferometry. Optical interferometry has long been the gold standard metrology technique for very precise measurements of optical paths for numerous applications that require precise measurement of bulk surface profiles, long free space lengths, etc. The basic principles of interferometry can also be applied to assess link health in short-run networks with several major advantages over standard OTDR-based methods.

There are several types of interferometry that can be applied to the fiber network. One technique that has been around for many years is based on using a “low coherence” or white light source known as optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), and is capable of very high spatial resolution. OLCR can be used to identify reflective events in a network with resolution better than one millimeter, but has limited sensitivity so it cannot be used to measure non-reflective events (it is not sensitive enough to measure Rayleigh scatter, which is required if one wishes to measure a nonreflective event like a bad splice). OLCR is also limited in its ability to measure more than several meters of optical path length and therefore has limited applicability outside of the realm of component test and evaluation.

Advances in telecommunications architectures aimed at configurability have produced a new class of tunable laser that has become a key enabling element to a new generation of fiber interferometric instrumentation. Continuously tunable or “swept” lasers with highly linear tuning and low phase noise characteristics can be used to build an interferometric system with all of the critical elements for use as a health diagnostic tool for military and aerospace fiber networks.

Figure 2. Schematic representation of the principle behind tunable laser interferometry.
The basic idea behind tunable laser interferometry (sometimes referred to as coherent Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry, OFDR) is that light from a tunable laser is split into two paths: one path is retained as a reference path and the other is sent out to the system or fiber under test (FUT). These signals are then recombined optically and the resultant signal is sent to a detector. When the laser is frequency tuned, interference fringes are formed and recorded at the detector. Those fringe signals, which contain amplitude and phase information, can then be processed to reveal the physical location (phase) and reflective strength (amplitude) of the different discrete elements that make up the FUT path (Figure 2).

Figure 3. Comparison of interferometric scan and traditional OTDR scan of a troublesome failure mode (a bend).
This technique, operating in the telecommunications wavelength bands near 1,550 nanometers, can be used to discriminate between reflective events that are separated by as little as 10 micrometers, and can achieve millimeter resolution over several kilometers. Perhaps more importantly, this level of resolving power can be achieved over a very large range of reflected power: from 100% down to as little as one part in 10-12. This enables measurement of the very weakly reflecting distributed Rayleigh scatter of the FUT, which in turn enables measurement and assessment of key failure issues such as bends and bad splices. Figure 3 shows a comparison of data taken on two closely spaced connectors with a bend in the fiber at the end of a 2-km length of fiber. This figure clearly shows the advantage of interferometry over traditional OTDR in distinguishing closely spaced events.

OFDR technology is currently being employed to design better fiber-optic systems, ensuring that these systems are at peak performance during the manufacturing process. Defense organizations, contractors, and military and commercial airframe manufacturers can use OFDR technology to improve performance and time to market while lowering maintenance cost of fiber-optic-based systems in aircraft and other platforms. Early trials with this technology have been producing very positive results in terms of overall time to diagnose and repair problems encountered in short-run fiber networks.

This article was written by Brian Soller, Ph.D., Strategic Business Development, at Luna Innovations Incorporated of Roanoke, VA. For more information, Click Here


Developmental Screenings

The library offers free developmental screenings for children ages one month to five years. Screenings can help identify your child’s strengths as well as any areas (speech, physical ability, social skills, problem-solving skills, social-emotional development) where your child may need support.

All developmental screenings at the library use the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ).

What is the ASQ?
Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) are short screenings designed to help caregivers check on their child’s development. It is easy to complete at home and can help identify strengths and milestones that your child has met.

When can you do the ASQ with your child?
The ASQ can be done any time and is meant for children one month up to five years.

How can the library help?
Our librarians are trained in using ASQ screenings. They can help determine which questionnaire is right for your child, and they can provide the forms necessary to complete it. They will also compile a summary based on the completed form and discuss the results with you. The screening is free!

Sign Up

If you would like to pick up an ASQ screening to fill out at home, complete the form below. We will contact you with further instructions. If you have any questions, please contact the Early Literacy Outreach Librarian at or call 859-572-5035 ext. 351.


Unions and works council in Germany – an overview

Beitrag als PDF (Download)

Almost every time foreign companies are advised in the context of their market entry in Germany, the same questions are asked: What is the relationship between trade unions and works councils? What are the responsibilities of trade unions and works councils? Must collective agreements be adopted? How can the election of a works council be prevented? Or: How can we work with an elected works council and ensure that the interests of the company are taken into account?
In his contribution, the author explains the relevant legal framework and illustrates ways in which companies can avoid the influence of trade unions and take defensive measures against the formation of works councils. Furthermore, he explains how, after a works council has nonetheless been elected, a trusting cooperation can be established or how unpopular works councils can be removed from office.

General Framework with Regard to the Responsibility and Relation Between Trade Union and Works Council
In Germany, trade unions are responsible in particular for negotiating salaries and other working conditions (e.g. holiday entitlement, notice periods, continued remuneration in the event of illness), while works councils are generally responsible for operational interaction and cooperation between management and employees within the plant. However, neither the trade union nor the works council are entitled to act for the management of the company.
The rights and obligations of the trade union in Germany are governed by the German Collective Bargaining Agreement Act (Tarifvertragsgesetz, TVG), the rights and obligations of the works council are governed by the German Works Constitution Act (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, BetrVG).
The German Works Constitution Act clearly states in several sections that the works council and the employer can conclude arrangements unless collective bargaining agreements already exist (see Section 77 (3) BetrVG and Section 87 (1) introductory sentence BetrVG). The purpose of these provisions is to ensure that the works council and the employer do not conclude more favorable regulations at company level compared to any collective agreement in force, thus reducing the influence and importance of trade unions.
The German Works Constitution Act sets out certain areas of mandatory mutual works council participation. This ranges from participation in recruitment, transfers, involvement in the introduction of IT systems, the definition of remuneration principles and shifts, and breaks to involvement in operational changes and dismissals. In companies with a workforce of more than 100 employees, an economic committee must also be set up. If it is not possible for the employer and the works council to mutually reach an agreement on co-determination, it is not the labor court that decides in principle, but a conciliation committee under works constitution law.

Trade Unions in the Company
German law does not provide for a trade union for a single company/plant. Trade unions are organizations independent of employers and companies that negotiate collective agreements with either an employers’ association or individual employers.

Preventing the Formation of a “Hard” Works Council
The legal requirements for setting up a works council are very scant. For plants with five or more employees a works council may be elected. Yet a wide range of measures can be taken to prevent the election of a works council or the influence of trade unions in companies.

Reliable Corporate Governance and Working Conditions
The first way to prevent the election of a works council and the influence of trade unions is to prevent the employees from developing for a works council. Many German companies, some with several thousand employees, are successfully doing so.
The prerequisite for this is to establish open, strong and consistent company management and to make the working conditions at least correspond to or even surpass the customary conditions which usually are existent in that respective industry. In this regard, salaries/wages, holidays and social benefits not provided for in the collective agreement may be taken into consideration. Many companies virtually adopt the provisions of the collective agreements and apply them on a voluntary basis. Such approaches also improve or rather strengthen the attractiveness of employers.
With this practice and also the open-door policy, even large companies with several thousand employees are able to prevent the establishment of works councils.

Election of the Works Council when Setting up the Company
If there are indications that the trade union is initiating a works council election or that employees are positioning themselves accordingly, experience shows that it may be a good idea to self-initiate a works council election on the employer’s side particularly in companies that are still in the process of being set up, with the result of having more employer-friendly works council members being elected (more white than blue-collar workers). With this employer-friendly works council, it is then possible to quickly negotiate all the company agreements relevant to the company, so that all the important relevant regulations for the future are in place for now. The influence of aggressive or even ideologically motivated workers can thus be excluded or at least reduced.
This is an important point, as in this way the salaries of the employees can also be fixed with the works council in a so-called “company remuneration regulation”, which also works against the influence of the trade union or the desire of employees to ask trade unions for support.

Preventing a Works Council Election
Should employees initiate a works council election, there is a certain range of possible options for reaction:

  • Convincing the employees not to carry out the election – if necessary with an announcement that voluntary benefits will be withdrawn;
  • Dismissal of employees – however, the employees initiating a works council election and those being elected enjoy special protection against dismissal. Terminations are usually ineffective, but often these employees leave the company voluntarily;
  • Earlier initiation of the works council election by the employer with employer-oriented candidates.

Cooperation with Elected Works Council

If it is not possible to prevent the election of a works council, experience shows that a cooperative interaction with the works council can placate its members, provided that the employer’s obligations towards the works council are respected. Such cooperation includes early involvement of the works council in planning, open communication and information, etc.
If works councils misuse their rights, it is also possible to remove individual works council members from the works council or dissolve the entire works council. Of course such procedures represent the highest level of escalation.
Naturally, employers are free to point out the counter-productivity of a works council, even if it is in place, and to try to make unpopular works council members or the entire works council submit their resignations.

Aktuelle Beiträge


Caribbean Rum Punch Drink Recipe

Caribbean Rum Punch recipe

Caribbean Rum Punch Ingredients

Combine lime juice, Grenadine, light rum, and water in a large pitcher with plenty of ice and stir. Add Angostura bitters and nutmeg to taste. The nutmeg can be omitted if you steep a whole clove or two in the light rum for a few days. This can be made in a highball glass for one person, or in a pitcher to serve several people.

Best served in a Pitcher.


Shamanic Healing

Shamanic Healing is a very ancient and natural practice that awakens the

wisdom of our soul. It helps to free our being from anything that doesn't belong

to our true essence and brings us into a deeper connection with the Earth,

the Sky and all of nature

Each session is completely designed around the intention and needs of the person who is requesting it. Shamanic healing can involve practices such as Soul Retrieval, Power Retrieval, Extraction work, Psychopomp, House clearing, and Past lives work. It can also take the shape of a ceremony and explore the connection with the four elements, plant medicines, and creative vision quests. Shamanic healing can involve the use of sacred sounds and instruments that support the healing journey.

It is all about remembering and freeing ourselves from blockages and limitations that don't allow our soul to expand its pure light.

Image by Ralph (Ravi) Kayden

There are so many different layers to peel off, and sometimes the journey can feel a bit of a challenge. However, many tools can support our path. We all connect with the one that can serve us at a particular time of our life. Shamanic work is all about remembering who we are, remembering that we are Love, and there is love inside and outside our life experience.

Soul Retrieval: This practice aims to retrieve the parts of our soul that we have lost due to traumas. When we encounter traumatic experiences, big or small, a fragment of our soul can leave our energy field. This is a sort of coping mechanism that our system follows to survive. When we retrieve part of ourselves, we strengthen our energy/aura and develop a sense of wholeness within our entire being.

Extractions: Sometimes, we don't feel able to move forward, and that can be caused by a blockage in our system. When there is a blockage, our energy cannot flow easily and things may feel heavy and challenging. Negative thoughts, inappropriate behaviours, physical illnesses/pain or even suicidal thoughts can be a sign of an intrusive energy within our system. The practice of extraction offers a deep cleansing process, removing intrusive energies and blockages that we are ready to release.

Psychopomp: As energy beings, we move through different dimensions during the process of life, death, and rebirth. This practice supports the soul on the transition from this plane of existence to the next.

Past lives: Our energy field carries imprints from past lives as well, and often we find ourselves facing experiences again and again. Sometimes the root cause is in a past life, and when we address the issue from that place things can be resolved more quickly and easily. Time doesn't exist in the way we perceive it, and affecting a past life can create an impact in this current life also.

Where: Shamanic Healing sessions are available upon appointment at the Healing Hands Holistic Centre in St.Margaret's House, 151 London Road Edinburgh EH7 6AE or Online.

Exchange: £120/ £100 / £90 One hour and a half session (90 mins) in person or online.

Therapies are offered on a sliding scale according to your financial means.

Please bring your own blanket, and water bottle. There is hand sanitiser within the premises, and extra cleaning and ventilation in between sessions are in place.

If you wish to arrange a session or discuss your requirements email infowellbeingstudio@gmail.com or phone/text 07556575645

     Photo credits Ravi Kayden


5* Rating on Google

5* Rating on Google

LED agricultural lighting

Agriculture environments thrive with the right lighting, such as LEDs. LEDs improve sustainable agricultural practices as they are highly energy efficient and provide a more comfortable environment to work in. Compared to conventional bulbs, LEDs are more robust, as they are encased in solid, transparent plastic instead of the traditional glass filament or tube that easily break. This means they can last much longer in outdoor areas.

Led lights for farms

Whether your farm is for livestock or horticulture, a well-lit farm helps provide a safer work environment for farmers. LEDs prove to be a brighter alternative to incandescent bulbs, and last much longer. With low maintenance and durable lighting, farmers have the freedom of not having to frequently change bulbs. Also, LEDs emit less heat than conventional bulbs, making the outdoor area more comfortable for both farmers and their produce.

Natural lighting has a really positive impact on livestock. For instance, chickens produce higher quantity and quality of eggs that have been proven to develop at a faster rate with the help of LEDs. A cow’s health, fertility, welfare and productivity also improve greatly, to the point where milk production has been found to increase by 6%

In horticulture, LEDs stimulate a plant’s growth by up to 40%, and also provide a controlled environment that produces more fruit and vegetables than in any climate. The final product is noticeably different, as LEDs improve the taste, quality, aroma and nutritional value of farmers’ fruit and vegetables.

Our agricultural led grow lights

Fruit and vegetable produce is at an all time high with today’s current economy. For this to work, producers need a lot of light, meaning more energy and more costs, right? Well with LED lighting, a new type of indoor farming light helps grow crops quicker using just pink-coloured LED lights - better known as a ‘Pinkhouse’.

It differs from the conventional white light as it only uses a mix of red and blue light. The Pinkhouse emits magenta light, which has been claimed to help speed up the plant growing process, with almost 20 percent faster growth rate. By not using all the colours in the spectrum, indoor farms can save on their energy bills.

We supply LED Grow Lights to help make growing crops easier - from the early stages through to the final stage. Our highly durable, energy saving lights range from 70-watts to 1500-watts. Not only do these LED lights benefit the outcome of a farmer’s produce, but they also decrease labour and maintenance costs with modernised, energy saving and cost effective lighting.

Sustainable lighting is key for a more comfortable and thriving agricultural environment. To take a further look at the bulbs listed above for farms and agricultural lighting fixture replacements, please visit our Products page.


Plastic bottle recycling methods and benefits of cosmetics packaging materials

by：Lisson     2020-05-15
Plastic bottle recycling methods and benefits of environment is the basic premise of human survival and development. The survival and development environment for us to provide the necessary resources and conditions. With the development of social economy, environmental problems have as an inevitable important issues on the agenda of governments. To protect the environment, reduce environmental pollution, to curb ecological deterioration, become an important task of government social management. For our country, the environmental protection is a basic national policy of our country, to solve the prominent environmental problems, to promote coordinated development of economy, society and environment and implement sustainable development strategy, is the government faces the important and difficult task. The following teachs you the method of plastic bottle recycling. Made of plastic bottles, all kinds of small animals, friends can according to your own imagination, can draw on the plastic bottles of various features of animal ears production time also need to change, of course, very lovely. Need to prepare something with mineral water bottles, paper, scissors, tape, brush. Plastic bottles of animal production method of the specific steps: first step, the different color the paper to draw on the size of the rectangle. Note that the same as the length of the rectangle, width ratio is 1:2; The second step, the use of double-sided adhesive small rectangle on the bottle in the middle of the lower position, large rectangular stick in the middle part of the note, do not have aperture; The third step, use scissors to cut out a circle, and then rode vertebral body, cover the lid part, using double-sided adhesive for fixed; The fourth step, draw out any part of the small animals, we can according to your own imagination to add some decoration; The advantage of the plastic bottle recycling have 1. Saving resource plastic bottle recycling to alleviate the situation of resources shortage in our country has a good effect. The development of our country's economy in 30 years before the very fast, but only at the cost of energy intensive, intensified the contradiction between resource and economy. Flea recycling industry makes the resources integration, make up for the part of the shortage of resources, the country's economic development. 2. To protect the environment in every corner of the city are piling up a lot of solid waste, this increases the surface area of the waste land, aggravated the contradiction between urban development and land, at the same time, these solid waste because of the packing way is not correct, and no good protective measures, after a long period of wind and rain will make the object of harmful substances into the soil, causing soil pollution. Waste recovery is very good solve the problem, make the goods obtained good processing, reduce the pollution. 3. The recycling value had been abandoned after dealing with the recycling of waste will get a new value, the value of the reflected once again. Take an old TV, had abandoned the TV, after recycling enterprise reasonable recycling and reproduction, will make its function was restored, and to have the use value, make its continue to play their part.
Custom message
Chat Online 编辑模式下无法使用
Chat Online inputting...


The Winter Fairy is preparing a big party. She sends Little Snowman to deliver invitations to all the animals living near the castle. The brave Little Snowman must walk a long way, convince hesitant guests, and even dare to go into a dark cave! Will he manage to gather everyone in time for the festivities? A cute winter story that addresses the themes of helpfulness, empathy and perseverance.


SBIFF2017 Meet the Makers: SCORE

In SCORE, director Matt Schrader focuses on the role of music in movies and the composers who orchestrate them. Through dozens of interviews with influential composers and film aficionados, Schrader tunes us into the craft of movie music magic, from the earliest talkies to contemporary computer-animated comic book epics. See Score-Movie.com.

What inspired you to make this documentary?

I’ve loved film music as long as I can remember, and always been fascinated by the way it changes the meaning of a film. The right combination of music can make the visual feel completely different, and a certain visual can make music feel completely different. The interplay between them is where the magic happens, and we felt this was an area that needed to be explored and celebrated for the awe-inspiring effects it can often have on us in film.

I am pretty astounded at the roster of composers you managed to interview for this documentary. How did it all come together?

It took a long time! We were persistent from the start and believed the film would happen. Though many of these composers are incredibly busy, enough bought into our passion early on that we were able to build momentum and gather almost everyone we’d originally planned. In the end I believe we did 60-something interviews, and I believe 57 made it into the final film. We were really happy to be able to represent such a broad spectrum of film music to capture what we hope is the definitive look at this amazing art form.

Continue reading at http://www.independent.com/news/2017/jan/26/emscoreem/

Trending stories
Score: The Podcast


Sea Creatures

Early Years

We loved building our own rockpool in the water area with shells, rocks and seaweed.  The seaweed felt very slimy. We made the names of sea creatures using the magnetic letters and painted boxes blue to create our own under water scene.


Insider magazine has recently reported on a survey conducted among food and drink businesses about their approach to skills and training.  61% of respondents said that the biggest challenge faced when employing new staff was finding people with the right skills and competencies to meet the business’ demands.  Most respondents feel that whilst young people have the basic skills they are looking for, they need nurturing to bring those skills to the fore.  In a climate where the industry is already acknowledging the skills gap within the sector, it is likely to be increasingly common that food and drink businesses want to make use of probationary periods.

Here are our top ten tips on probationary periods:

  1. Consider the nature of the role. If you’re taking on a short-term hire, a probationary period may not be appropriate but for other roles, it can be a useful tool to allow you to assess a new employee and ensure they are up to the rigours of the role.  A new senior appointment may not warrant a probationary period but it could be beneficial for an employee promoted into a senior role.
  2. Think about how long you need to assess performance for the purposes of confirming continued employment.  A three or six month period may be appropriate.
  3. Employers often limit employees’ rights during a probationary period. For example, you might want to provide that employment can be terminated on one week’s written notice during a probationary period and that the employee is not entitled to full contractual benefits until they have successfully completed their probationary period.
  4. Manage your probationary period effectively so that both you and your employee get the most out of it. The employee should be made aware from the outset of any specific goals or attainments that they are expected to achieve and the dates on which any progress meetings will take place.
  5. Gather information on the employee’s performance, give feedback and address any issues of under-performance as you go along, keeping records of any meetings or discussions that take place. Don’t wait until just before the probationary period ends to discover that an employee is under-performing.
  6. If an employee is not performing at the required level, consider if there is any additional training or support that could be provided and make a record of any such training or support offered.
  7. Make a decision as to whether to confirm the employee in employment, to extend the probationary period or to terminate employment in advance of the end of the probationary period.  There is no positive obligation to confirm to an employee in writing that they have successfully completed their probationary period but try to avoid the possibility of an employee successfully completing their probation “by default” by doing so.
  8. If you want to extend the probationary period, check whether you have a contractual right to do so, failing which you will need to seek agreement from the employee to extend. In extending the probationary period, ensure the employee understands what aspects of their performance are letting them down and, as a result, what they will need to do prove themselves in the further period of probation.  Monitor the extended period in the same way as you did the first.
  9. If an employee is absent for a significant part of their probationary period, for example, as result of sickness or maternity leave, consider extending their probationary period for a period equivalent to their absence, rather than treating their absence as a reason for deeming their performance unsatisfactory.  By extending the probationary period, this gives the employee a fair chance to prove themselves and, further, gives you a proper chance to make an informed assessment of their performance. It also avoids the possibility of an allegation of discrimination if the employee has not been given a full opportunity to prove themselves.
  10. In the absence of any previous employment contributing to continuity, an employee may have insufficient continuous service by the time notice expires following the end of a probationary period to enable them to bring an ordinary unfair dismissal claim. Provided you are comfortable that the employee does not have any other claims which do not require a qualifying period of employment, for example, discrimination or whistleblowing, you may decide not to follow a formal procedure in dismissing the employee.  You would still, however, need to pay them their full notice entitlement and any accrued but untaken holiday to avoid any claims arising from these payments.

Probationary periods are a very useful tool for businesses but there are still pitfalls associated with them.

Ellie Hibberd is an experienced solicitor on the employment team in Exeter. If you would like to contact the team, please call 01392 210700 or email


Announcement of TSUBAME portal maintenance(9/16)

2021.09.16 Update

We have decided to postpone today's maintenance due to the fact that the impact of the maintenance will be larger than initially expected.
The postponed schedule and scope of the impact will be announced later.

TSUBAME portal will be maintained as follows.

period：2021/9/16(Thu) 12:00 - 13:00

impact：TSUBAME portal will not be available during the time.


Sysdig Report Reveals 73% Of Cloud Accounts Contain Exposed S3 Buckets

According to Sysdig‘s 2022 Cloud-Native Security and Usage Report, 75% of containers have “high” or “critical” patchable vulnerabilities. What it implies is a fairly significant level of risk acceptance, which is not unusual for high agility operating models, but can be very dangerous. The report reveals that as teams rush to expand, container security and usage best practices are sacrificed, leaving openings for attackers.

In addition, operational controls lag, potentially resulting in hundreds of thousands of dollars being wasted on poor capacity planning. All of these are indicators that cloud and container adoption is maturing beyond early, “expert” adopters, but moving quickly with an inexperienced team can increase risk and cost, the report adds.

Also, 73% of cloud accounts contain exposed S3 buckets and 36% of all existing S3 buckets are open to public access. The amount of risk associated with an open bucket varies according to the sensitivity of the data stored there. However, leaving buckets open is rarely necessary and it’s usually a shortcut that cloud teams should avoid.

The report also adds that cloud security best practices and the CIS Benchmark for AWS indicate that organizations should avoid using the root user for administrative and daily tasks, yet 27% of organizations continue to do so. Forty-eight percent of customers don’t have multi-factor authentication (MFA) enabled on these highly privileged accounts, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise the organization if the account credentials are leaked or stolen.

Capacity management and planning are difficult in fast changing Kubernetes environments and limits on how many resources a container can use can go undefined. According to the report, 60% of containers had no CPU limits defined and 51% had no memory limits defined. Of those clusters that did have CPU limits, an average of 34% of CPU cores were unused. Without knowing the utilization of clusters, organizations could be wasting money due to overallocation or causing performance issues by running out of resources. Given the average cost of Amazon Web Services CPU pricing, an organization with 20 Kubernetes clusters could be overspending up to $400,000 yearly.

Don't miss out great stories, subscribe to our newsletter.

Introduction To The Grid eXchange Fabric (GXF) Project

Previous article

Puppet Strengthens Its Channel Muscle With Competency-Based Partner Program

Next article
Login/Sign up


Search for "liberal"

Displaying 1-20 of 36 results

VIA Rail Canada Inc.

In 1981 VIA cancelled or reduced numerous routes in an attempt to make passenger service more efficient. Services in parts of the country were seriously affected and the Liberal government was widely criticized. A nonconfidence vote over the issue in October 1981 was won by the government.

Northern Gateway Pipeline Proposal

Metric Conversion

TC Energy (formerly TransCanada)

Assisted Suicide in Canada

Media Bias in Canada

E. coli Infection in Canada

Every year, approximately 470 Canadians are infected with E. coli bacteria, which can cause severe illness and, in a small minority of cases, death. Though the illness has been called “hamburger disease,” based on its association with ground beef patties containing infection-causing E. coli, it can be transmitted through a variety of other foods, untreated water and contact with the fecal matter of infected people and animals. Several deadly, high-profile E. coli outbreaks have occurred in Canada since the 1980s. They have resulted in greater public awareness, as well as changes in regulations and health practices.

Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Proposals

In 1970, the Canadian government introduced guidelines for the development of a pipeline corridor south from the Mackenzie River delta to Alberta and the United States. Energy companies have since proposed three separate projects to transport natural gas by pipeline along this route — the Arctic Gas Pipeline, the Foothills Pipeline and the Mackenzie Gas Project — with an oil pipeline likely to follow in the first two cases. However, due to high costs, engineering challenges, environmental concerns, Indigenous land claims and changing markets, none of these pipelines has been built.

Bomarc Missile Crisis

The CIM-10B Bomarc was the world’s first long-range, nuclear capable, ground-to-air anti-aircraft missile. Two squadrons of the missile were purchased and deployed by the Canadian government in 1958. This was part of Canada’s role during the Cold War to defend North America against an attack from the Soviet Union. Prime Minister John Diefenbaker’s refusal to equip the missiles with nuclear warheads led to a souring of Canada’s relationship with the United States, especially once the Cuban Missile Crisis brought the issue to the fore. The issue split Diefenbaker’s Cabinet and contributed to his party losing the 1963 election.


All Products

Rock Salt

Keep your parking lot, steps, porch, or storefront walkway safely clear of ice and snow with The Turf Trade 50 lb. bag of rock salt! It improves safety by combining with snow and ice to form saline, which has a lower freezing point than water, and effectively melts at temperatures as low as 15 degrees Fahrenheit for long periods of time!


Best Investment Newsletter: 11 Newsletters Reveiwed [2021]

Are you just getting started with investing? Or are you a veteran with years of experience in the field?

Either way, you may benefit from reading the thorough investment advice and technical analysis from stock newsletters. In order to conveniently learn about stock market trends and see existing and reliable stock research, an investment newsletter is a brilliant option.

To give you brilliant insight into the financial markets, well-known investment strategies, and investing advice, in this article we will review and analyse several newsletters in order to find the best investment newsletter available on the market.

Here Are Best Investment Newsletters

Investment newsletters can be great resources for even experienced investors. Below is a detailed list on some of the best newsletters for investment-related topics and news.

Stock Market Basics

Investment newsletters can also help you to understand the foundations of the stock exchange. This can be especially useful for new investors who are likely to be overwhelmed with the amount of information available.

What Is A Stock Advisor?

Investment recommendations and information on useful strategies are sure to change if you intend to partake in either short or long-term investing. A stock recommendation for day trading is also likely to differ from a recommendation for long-term trades. That is why there are several stock advisors available to help give you relevant information on different stocks.

It’s incredibly important that you make a good decision on which stock advisor to choose. As such, below is a list of the most effective and efficient stock advisors available.

1. The Motley Fool Stock Advisor

The Motley Fool Stock Advisor

The Motley Fool Stock Advisor is a well-regarded advice platform for financial information. This stock advisor service contains plenty of stock ideas and stock recommendations that are intended to be held in the long term (e.g., growth stocks).

Through the Motley Fool Stock Advisor, you can gain access to plenty of lucrative investment opportunities and potentially find the best investment in your portfolio. As an investment newsletter, it has been described by subscribers as very easy to read, user-friendly, and thorough in their findings.

Furthermore, Motley Fool’s Stock Advisor stock recommendations can also be suitable for those who smaller budgets. Unlikely many other financial advice investment newsletters, with Motley Fool you can ensure that your starter stocks are within your budget.

Whilst buying and holding stocks may not seem to be as interesting as, for example, day trading, it can yield incredible results in the long term and help you become financially free. It can also help you with money management as often, long term investing requires frequent and consistent levels of investment.

Motley Fool’s Stock Advisor features stock recommendations alongside their detailed investment thesis. Their stock picks are clear and have been heavily analysed.

With their award-winning team of well-educated and brilliant analysts, they bring their users an investment newsletter with information that could very well yield the most profitable returns.

The Motley Fool Stock Advisor comes with a useful 30-day membership refund period. This is to help you make a more informed decision on whether you would like to continue receiving investing ideas and advice from Motley Fool Stock Advisor.

Stick Advisor features two stock picks per month (all new), and as mentioned in the summary, they also have stock recommendations of starter stocks for investors who are just beginning to participate in the market. However, it has also proven to be useful to even experienced advisors.

A brilliant feature that sets the Motley Fool Stock Advisor apart from other investment newsletters is their active and buzzing community of investors and experts who can provide much-needed answers to your burning questions. Their historical stock picks are also easily accessible for all subscribers.

2. The Motley Fool Rule Breakers

The Motley Fool Rule BreakersSummary

The Motley Fool Rule Breakers continuously brings out useful information and analytics to help their users make more informed decisions through their stock picks. Each stock pick is thoroughly analysed and they regularly release two stock picks monthly.

In order to beat the market and invest in the best stock within your budget, Rule Breakers have stock recommendation of high-growth companies. Through Motley Fool Rule Breakers there are also safe yet high-yield stock picks for beginner investors.

In general, Rule Breakers is a brilliant newsletter for helping you to make the best stock picks for higher average gain.

With the Motley Fool Rule Breakers, you get instant access to their currently listed and most recommended stock picks (in total they list five).

As a stock newsletter, Rule Breakers also has a brilliant and active community of investors both new and experienced. They can help you to better understand the stock market, better understand how to utilise certain financial services, and answer any questions you may have.

3. Trade Ideas Strength Alerts

Trade Ideas Strength Alerts

Trade Ideas Strength Alerts is well-established and considered as one of the best investment newsletters available. To gain access to profitable investment recommendations, this newsletter has been put together to

When it comes to helping you make crucial investment decisions and develop a concrete investment strategy, Trade Ideas can give you the confidence and analysis required to optimise your chances of choosing the best stock and developing a healthy and lucrative investment portfolio.

The Trade Ideas Strength Alerts newsletter features five new stock picks from their portfolio of carefully selected investment opportunities.

Each stock pick has been thoroughly vetted and in addition to that, they list their stock picks every single week (more specifically every Sunday).

Furthermore, Trade Ideas Strength Alerts also focuses on what’s called ‘relative strength’. They are able to select the most interesting stocks that regularly outperform the other companies in the market they compete within.

In order to help their users choose stocks that are likely to experience significant growth through constant improvement, they use high-quality technical analysis.

In order to help you make more informed decisions, they evaluate every single stock available in the market using their advanced algorithms to rank them and figure out which ones have the most relative strength.

4. Zacks Premium

Zacks Premium

Individual investors may benefit from Zacks investor collection of the best stock recommendations and mutual fund picks. This service gives you Zacks carefully crafted list of number 1 stock picks.

Zacks Premium provides a large and growing portfolio of stocks that are highly suitable for helping investors to develop a list of stocks that would yield profitable gains in the long term.

Furthermore, they also analyse all of the available stocks. Those stocks are then placed into different categories to give the user more freedom and flexibility in their investment decisions.

When it comes to choosing the best stocks for your individual portfolio, Zacks Premium subscription may be able to give you the guidance you need. As opposed to directly showing you their picks detailing the best stocks available according to their research, placing them into categories can help you feel much more in control.

As a supplementary service for helping you to better analyse your potential investment opportunities, Zacks would also be a highly suitable choice.

At the time of writing, the Zacks Premium subscription costs just $249 per year for total and complete access to in-depth equity research reports, a portfolio of stocks to be held in the longer term as opposed to in the short term, and even more premium features.

It is also possible for you to gain complete access to all of their premium content for free for 30 days. This is incredibly useful when it comes to helping you make a decision on whether to officially purchase the subscription or not.

Since it is a subscription that is paid annually, it is also much easier for you to keep track of this expense as opposed to other services that are paid on a monthly basis. Furthermore, in the long term, it works out to be much cheaper in comparison to many alternatives to investment newsletters.

5. Bloomberg Businessweek

Bloomberg Businessweek

Bloomberg Businessweek is an established personal finance magazine that provides services relating to finance and financial data for long-term investors.

The Bloomberg Businessweek subscription service directly provides some of the most high-quality speciality reports and lists of the best resources to read through in order to help improve your understanding of trade, markets, and many other topics. Topics such as wealth, tech, politics, and other categories are sure to affect the state of the financial world.

This newsletter gives you total, complete, and entirely unlimited access to their very wide array of news and other such content. Furthermore, you even have access to their app for convenient browsing of the latest financial news available.

The Bloomberg Businessweek subscription service also enables you to have access to all of the relevant audio files for their well-researched and unbiased articles.

For those who are better at retaining information through auditory means. This feature is highly convenient and enables you to learn even during times when you are doing chores such as cleaning, shopping, etc.

Purchasing this subscription also gives you access to their well-designed videos as well as their clear and considered podcast. Again, for authority learners and visual learners, this is the key to helping you to retain important financial information.

Being able to retain information puts you in a much better position to make good decisions on your investments. This can yield more lucrative results in both the short term and long term.

6. Kiplinger

With Kiplinger, users can easily access both the print and digital versions of their premium resources. With both print and digital versions of their content available, you have the ability to read important analyses, reports, and information conveniently and in the best format for your particular circumstances.

Kiplinger has been designed to give you the necessary information needed in the form of monthly issues. Those issues contain fields discussing topics such as where you may wish to invest your money, the most suitable places for retirement, and methods in which you can help to build and grow your wealth and overall net worth.

Kiplinger’s Personal Finance is incredibly well-known and highly regarded by many investors both new and experienced. They contain a variety of finance-related topics that you are very likely to benefit from, regardless of your background.

It also comes at a very suitable cost, especially for the amount of content that they provide. For an entire year worth of content, you only need to pay around $29.95, and for two years it’s only $39.90 (at the time of writing). Please note, however, that taxes will be applied.

The reason why this is such a great price is due to the regular cost of monthly magazines. For an entire year, it would typically be $83.99.

New subscribers also gain access to special issues (four in total). Those issues are as follows: best values, retirement-related planning, mutual fund roundup, and last but definitely not least, the annual economic forecast.

With the aforementioned issues alone, new users can easily get up to speed with some of the most important pieces of financial news available.

As an example of some of the insightful content they produce, a recent article ‘Stock Market Today: Fed Fuels Second Day of Stout Stock Surge’ contains a detailed and logical portrayal of certain sections of the stock market in a short and readable format. They also have bullet points to easily portray information neatly and succinctly for those who are busier.

7. The Prudent Speculator

The Prudent Speculator

The Prudent Speculator is a trading service that essentially gives advice and insights into making smart and strategic investments. It has been giving useful and insightful content for almost half a century and all of its pricing packages give you access to a wide variety of content and a monthly newsletter.

This investment advice platform features a timely alert every single time they either buy or they sell a particular stock. This means that you get access to information timely and conveniently.

With the Prudent Speculator, you also have access to a very large array of monthly recommendations on what they have researched to be the most profitable stocks on the market. Alongside their recommendations are also useful metrics to help you make better decisions on your investments.

Through a subscription, you can have access to qualitative analysis on stocks alongside great metrics such as Debt/TE ratio, P/E ratio, and many others that are sure to be useful.

With a weekly analysis on the most impactful market activity, you get in-date information that can help you to better build and maintain a suitable portfolio for your long term goals.

8. Hammerstone Daily Reports

Hammerstone Daily Reports

The Hammerstone Daily Reports are, as in the name, daily reports on real-time and important market and finance-related news. They are also very well-known for providing more than 1,600 pieces of up-to-date updates every single day.

Whilst the Hammerstone Daily Reports does publish a lot of information, they do so in such a way that makes their points easy to read as well as easy to retain. This can help you to make much better decisions on your investments and understand market trends.

When it comes to the features that the Hammerstone Daily Reports provides, they have plenty of content for you to access daily.

Unlike many other newsletters that only publish once or maybe twice a month/week, the Hammerstone Daily Reports gives you a total of four reports written by those who have both experience and expertise.

The reports have both a pre-market opening report as well as a market-closing report to tie all of the daily information together.

With their chat forum, individual investors can receive a lot of useful advice and also give some useful advice on the stock exchange, trades, and any other such topic.

Their chat feature is especially significant for new investors as it allows them to become much more integrated into the community of investors and become more knowledgeable on important market information.

9. Nate’s Notes

Nate’s Notes

Nate’s Notes is a brilliant investment newsletter that has been operating for two and a half decades. They are well-established amongst piers and have a continuously positive track record for their advice and guidelines.

When it comes to learning about as well as building high-yield strategies, Nate’s Notes has useful content for your benefit. This is true for beginner investors as well as experienced investors.

Since financial information can be quite complex to make sense of, Nate’s Notes has been great at making sure that their information is readable for all users.

Nate’s Notes gives you a monthly newsletter with recommendations on high-yield and long-term investment ideas. As a subscriber, you have instant access to special reports and access to many sections of their platform locked by a subscription wall.

10. Mindful Trader

Mindful Trader

With Mindful Trader, investors (or potential investors) can see how to make data-driven stock investments and thus build wealth and financial freedom. This is achieved through an easy to read list of real-time trades and access to useful strategies that you could also implement in your trades.

It works by displaying all of the stock picks made by Eric who has conducted a lot of research and spent an equal parts amount of time on understanding how to trade more efficiently and effectively.

Eric (the creator of the platform) is a Stanford graduate who excels at Mathematics and analysis. His research and reasoning have allowed many investors to benefit from understanding his portfolio and trading decisions.

Eric makes ‘swing trades’ that are all based on historical data to maximise the potential of his investments. The trades last for about a week on average and through the subscription, you could also learn more about swing trades with tactical advantages.

11. Morningstar Investor Newsletters

Morningstar Investor Newsletters

Through the Morningstar Investor Newsletters, subscribers have instant access to an entire platform sealed only for those who subscribe.

Their stock strategies have been designed to stand the test of time and they have four different types of newsletters that you might consider to be useful.

The ‘StockInvestor’ newsletter analyses which firms have the most advantage when it comes to trading at lower than their intrinsic values.

The ‘StockInvestor’ newsletter also gives you useful information on impactful current effects that have significant effects on the stock exchange.

Alongside the ‘StockInvestor’ newsletter, there are also three others: DividendInvestor, ETFInvestor, and FundInvestor. As in the names, these newsletters are suitable for different types of investors. For example, those who are partial to fund investments can read the FundInvestor.

All newsletters contain important information on current events that affect their category of investment. Furthermore, you also have access to well-written reports that help you to make better and more informed decisions.

Investment Risks

Investing comes with a large amount of risk. Potentially, you could lose all of the money you have invested. The stock exchange is highly volatile and can be difficult to predict.

Before making any sort of investment, it is crucial that you are completely aware of the worst-case scenario in any investment decision you choose to make.

Overall, amongst all of the various investment newsletters discussed, Trade Ideas Strength Alerts appears to be the most suitable choice for many individuals interested in investment-related topics.

In comparison to other investment services such as the Mindful Trader or Bloomberg Businessweek, Trade Ideas is easier to use, user-friendly, and contains a lot of different stock choices. Those stock choices are also accompanied by logical reasoning that many beginner-level investors would find to be useful.

In order to gain accurate market insights and improve upon the quality of your existing portfolio, it would also be prudent to also carry out your own stock research.

Whilst an investing newsletter would help you to find profitable investment ideas and develop a high-growth and aggressive portfolio, it is still important to supplement your knowledge with research.

How What Investment Newsletters Generally Contain?

Typically, for those platforms, there is thorough research involved in looking at and analysing various trading strategies, stock prices, and other finance or trade-related content. Investing newsletters are usually

How Do You Get Started With Investment Newsletters?

When it comes to getting started with stock investing, you may wish to first get started with learning how to use equity research reports, learning about exchange-traded funds, index funds, mutual funds, etc.

In order to do this, subscribing to investment newsletters would be a brilliant move. In order to develop an aggressive portfolio in the long term, you can use a high growth investing service to conduced investing research. However, how do you get started with investment newsletters specifically?

It is a simple process to get started with investing newsletters. First, you must decide which one(s) is the most ideal for your particular situation. Then you can simply go on their platform, subscribe, and follow the instructions or guides set by the investing newsletter.

Is It A Good Idea To Follow The Advice Listed By Investment Newsletters Without Further Research?

Absolutely not. Whilst an investment newsletter would be a great source for helping you with income investing, dividend investing, etc., it is essential that you do your own research in order to actually understand and beat the market.

Whether you’re interested in dividend stocks, penny stocks, or other types of individual stocks, it’s incredibly important to strengthen your understanding of the particular investment you want to pursue. This is true for both new and experienced investors so that you are all able to make more informed investing decisions.

Even with low-cost investing, it is a good idea to conduct further research instead of simply reading a stock newsletter. Through further research, you could increase your average gain from each stock and better understand the intricacies of individual stocks.

It is also true that you are likely to become a lot more confident in your stock picks through understanding the reasoning behind them.

Are Investment Newsletters Worth The Time And Money?

A simple answer would be ‘Yes’.

Whilst you should never use investment newsletters as the only source of information, they still provide a great deal of value and are also used by experienced Wall Street investors.

Stock newsletters can help you to learn more about, for example, growth stocks and starter stocks. They can also help you better understand financial markets and lucrative investment ideas.

Like this Article? Subscribe to Our Feed!

Author: J Maver


At Expedia, the tools for porting our machine learning pipeline to the cloud became extremely useful for improving other services. Notable amongst these was our marketplace design service.

In the hotel space, marketplace design amounts to incentivising hoteliers to abide by contractual obligations and enhance the experience for our customer base. This is crucial for both brand reputation as well as long-term conversion.

Using the statistical model deployment tools, some Spark ingenuity and help from Qubole solution architects, we managed to design a cloud-based system that lifted our on-prem python/hive/mongoDB marketplace design services to the cloud. In addition to speed and throughput, we found benefits in system flexibilty, clarity and functionality. Notably, we were immediately poised to consume streaming data rather than daily batch jobs.


Carbon Copy is Philly’s first combined brewery and winery coming to the previous Dock Street Brewery location in West Philadelphia this fall. The beer and wine makers plan to provide an unpretentious, accessible, and unique dining experience in the space, while creating a true “neighborhood bar” feel for locals.

Owners and brewery and hospitality experts, Brendon Boudwin and Kyle Wolak are bringing 20 years of combined experience and knowledge in beer and wine making to Philadelphia. The duo decided to quit their jobs in 2020 and set off on their own and create Carbon Copy.

Although beer will be made onsite, they do not exclusively consider themselves “a brewery”. The team will also be making their own low intervention wine from the best growing regions in the Mid-Atlantic and provide a snack style menu that is centered around their wood-fire oven.

“Our goal is to build a community around quality and consistent beer and wine while being an active member of our neighborhood,” said Wolak. “It is also important for us to mitigate our impact on the environment”.

The name “Carbon Copy” serves as a tongue-in-cheek reminder to always follow their own path, and not become a carbon copy of the popular brewing trend of the moment. The name is also symbolic of the team’s commitment to minimize their carbon footprint through mindful waste management, utilizing renewable resources in production, and investing carbon offsets as the company grows.

Carbon Copy will be located at 701, S 50th St in Philadelphia in West Philadelphia along Baltimore Ave.


How does the Pedal Loop technique help with limb salvage? [Dr. Rundback]

Q: How does the Pedal Loop technique help with limb salvage?

A: Pedal loop interventions can help with limb salvage and limb preservation in patients with non-healing wounds due to diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other conditions. The pedal loop consists of arteries in the foot that are responsible for supplying blood to the toes and the heel. Patients with blockages in the pedal loop due to diabetes and other conditions can develop wounds, ulcers, or gangrene that don’t heal without restoring blood flow. While not every person needs a pedal loop intervention, there are certainly individuals for whom, when the wounds don’t heal, this type of intervention is extremely important in order to provide the best results. Most notably, it is a procedure that not many interventionalists are comfortable performing due to the small diameter of these arteries.

More videos from the interview with Dr. Rundback of the NJ Endovascular and Amputation Prevention as he explains the Pedal Loop technique:

Request a consultation at your nearest American Endovascular center today.


weekly discussion 0

 Hmmm, religion stays a major player in our conference discussions.  In this session we find ourselves at the Council of Trent with the church trying to make sense of the calendar, which is based on a not so accurate charting of the stars, and based on Aristotle’s fixed universe.  Let’s have an edified (based on evidence) conversation.  Which of the array of discoveries or solutions of this period known as the scientific revolution do you find the most intriguing and why?  Capernicus?  Tartaglia?  Brahe?  Galileo?  Kepler?  Newton?  Boscovich?  Quite an all start line up.  As you discuss one or more of them remember the theme of this reading is that a new sense of science was gaining foothold with millennial church traditions and compromises, even, are broached.  It science taking over religion or are the coexisting nicely.  Looking forward to this discussion session.  Remember, use evidence in offering your arguments/discussions.