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New Jersey Warrant for Arrest: Meaning, Types, Reasons, & Implications

November 12, 2022

Warrant for my Arrest Burlington County NJ Need a Lawyer

Either an arrest or bench warrant indicates the state is interested in prosecuting you for a crime or offense, or wants to hold you accountable for some violation of your obligations to the court in New Jersey. Regardless of the crime or infraction, an experienced criminal defense lawyer at Proetta, Oliver & Fay can help you assess the warrant and the charges you face, resolve the arrest or bench warrant as soon as possible while protecting you from damaging your case in the process. If you have been charged with a misdemeanor or a felony in Burlington County, we can determine the best approach to avoid a conviction or minimize the penalties, and walk you through the entirety of the process without allowing the criminal justice system to swallow you up.

Our law practice is dedicated to defending clients charged with aggravated assault, disorderly conduct, DUI, shoplifting, harassment, heroin possession, and all other criminal and traffic offenses throughout the Burlington County area. We offer knowledgeable and skilled defense for individuals young and old in Mount Holly, Evesham, Florence, Burlington Township, Florence, Mount Laurel, Willingboro, Pemberton, Delran, Bordentown, and nearby towns. Contact us today at 609-850-8284 to speak with one of our attorneys free of charge.

I have a warrant for my arrest in New Jersey, what does it mean?

An arrest warrant authorizes law enforcement to find an individual suspected of violating the law and arrest them. It is the official authorization of a judge or magistrate, naming a person alleged to be involved in unlawful activity. The document identifies the alleged offenses or crimes, the named suspect who allegedly committed them and their location. An arrest warrant can be for municipal court and superior court matters. Thus, an arrest warrant may be for disorderly persons offenses such as simple assault, motor vehicle offenses such as a DWI, or indictable crimes, such as burglary.

How do the police obtain an arrest warrant in Mount Holly, NJ?

Typically, an arrest warrant arises from a criminal investigation when police discover evidence pointing to a suspect. The police then take that evidence to the prosecutor in the form of an affidavit attesting to probable cause that a specific individual committed crime. The prosecutor then decides whether to pursue criminal charges against the individual. To move forward in pressing criminal charges, the prosecutor must first present the arrest warrant to a judge or grand jury.

Who authorizes an arrest warrant?

The judge signs arrest warrants or a grand jury decides whether a suspect is indicted for a crime. An indictment is a determination by a panel of jurors that the state should bring criminal charges against an individual. An indictment authorizes the police to arrest the indicted suspect.

When are arrest warrants issued in Mount Laurel?

Law enforcement obtains an arrest warrant following a citizen complaint to the police or other agencies that investigate legal violations, a criminal investigation by law enforcement, or a grand jury indictment.

Does law enforcement have to prove you committed a crime before arresting you on a warrant in Pemberton?

The basis for an arrest warrant is probable cause that a suspect committed an offense. Probable cause is supported by evidence to suggest that the suspect violated the law. The evidence does not have to convince a judge or grand jury by the same standard as a conviction. In other words, the evidence does not have to prove that beyond a reasonable doubt the suspect committed the charged offense.

How will I know if there is a warrant for my arrest in Cinnaminson?

After an arrest warrant authorization, law enforcement records the warrant in a criminal database available to the nation’s law enforcement. Thus, the police can arrest you at the named location in the warrant or another location, for example, after an unrelated police stop for a traffic violation. Once they run your driver’s license, they can find you in the database.However, you can find an arrest warrant on the court’s website by providing your ticket or complaint number.

Is a bench warrant the same as an arrest warrant in NJ?

A bench warrant is also an authorization to arrest an individual, but a judge issues it directly from the bench, meaning without the prosecutor’s probable cause petition or a grand jury indictment. A bench warrant issues to arrest a person who committed a crime, whereas an arrest warrant is for a criminal suspect. NJ Court Rule 7:2-3 authorizes a bench warrant for specific reasons.

Judges issue bench warrants for lesser violations like failure to appear in court or respond to a summons, pay fines, pay child support, or obey other court orders, such as parole orders or violation of probation orders. So, when an individual fails to appear in court for their arraignment on charges of a restraining order violation, the judge can issue a bench warrant for their arrest. Likewise, the police can arrest you at a traffic stop if they find a bench warrant for your arrest.

You may discover a bench warrant for your arrest when the court suspends your driver’s license after issuing a bench warrant. You must resolve the issue that resulted in the bench warrant to get your driving privileges restored.

How does an arrest warrant differ from a search warrant in Pemberton?

A search warrant allows the police to search a specific location named in the document and seize crime evidence. Though seizing evidence is not the primary purpose of a bench or arrest warrant, the police can search you or your vehicle for illegal activity evidence, such as drugs or guns, after arresting you.

Do I need an attorney if I have an arrest or bench warrant in New Jersey?

After reviewing the evidence supporting an arrest or bench warrant, a criminal defense attorney can help you build a strong defense against the state’s case. With our experience handling arrest and bench warrants in New Jersey, the attorneys at our Burlington County criminal defense firm can examine the state’s proof and the procedures the police followed in obtaining it. We can also petition the court to throw out any of the state’s evidence obtained in violation of laws, rules, and procedures.

On top of that, our criminal lawyers immediately begin working for your defense and gather evidence to counter the state’s evidence for your arrest. If the situation applies, we can provide evidence to the judge presiding over your case that you missed your arraignment for valid reasons, such as a medical emergency that left you incapacitated in the hospital.

Depending on the strength of the evidence, our defense team may also discuss your case with the prosecutor to show that the state’s case is too weak to prosecute. In some cases, we can persuade the prosecutor to dismiss the case or reduce your charges to lesser offenses in a plea agreement. We also assess your record, the charges, and the facts to decide if we can obtain a lesser sentence by getting you probation, or helping you get admitted into a diversionary program like Pretrial Intervention (PTI) rather than jail or prison.

And if the state prosecutes you before a jury, our tactically skilled criminal defense attorneys can present evidence and arguments to the jury that raise doubt about the state’s ability to prove their case up to the beyond a reasonable doubt standard. We can also cross-examine the state’s witnesses to discredit them and provide stronger witnesses for your defense. In our practice, we litigate criminal cases with experience and tireless dedication. In fact, one of our partners, William C. Fay, used to work as a Deputy Attorney General with the New Jersey Office of the Attorney General, making him uniquely informed and able to challenge prosecutorial tactics in serious criminal cases.

Consult a Skilled Defense Attorney at Proetta, Oliver & Fay if You Have a Warrant for Your Arrest in Burlington County NJ

At Proetta, Oliver & Fay, our criminal lawyers’ legal and practical knowledge is indispensable to an effective response to a warrant. Consult with one of our attorneys by calling for a free consultation and additional direction about your case. You can reach us anytime by sending a message, starting a chat, or calling 609-850-8284.

Contact Us

Burlington Office

525 Highway 73,
Suite 104, Marlton,
New Jersey 08053
Phone: 609-850-8284
By Appointment Only

Hamilton Office

100 Horizon Center
Boulevard, Hamilton,
New Jersey, 08691
By Appointment Only

Point Pleasant Office

3828 River Road,
Suite A, Point Pleasant,
New Jersey 08742
By Appointment Only

Middletown Office

180 Kings Highway,
Middletown Township,
New Jersey 07748
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Charger Sports Spotlight: Hope Cuomo

Tyler Garnett, Contributing Writer

This edition of Charger Sports Spotlight features Hope Cuomo, a junior forensic science major with a concentration in biology and a minor in criminal justice. She is from Long Island, NY and is a multi for the University of New Haven’s women’s track team, participating in the heptathlon and pentathlon. Cuomo hopes to work in crime scene investigations upon graduation.

A heptathlon is a track and field event in which each competitor takes place in the same seven events. Those events include high jump, long jump, shot put, hurdles, 800-meter run, 200-meter dash and javelin

Cuomo became involved with track in middle school by competing in high jump and hurdles. She learned about the pentathlon when she was a junior in high school and convinced her coach to let her do it the following year. The pentathlon has the same events as the heptathlon, except the 200-meter dash and javelin.

Cuomo said that she likes some events more than others:her favorite event is the high jump; her least favorite is the 800-meter run. Having to compete in all these events is difficult, but the greater challenge is making enough time to practice and train for each event.
Regarding the challenge, she said, “There are different techniques for all the events so it is important to try and separate it and learn how to do that specific event.”

Cuomo’s favorite part of being on the team is “competing and having everyone come together. Before the meets[,] we would all huddle up and hype each other up.”

She said her favorite memory so far from the school was when she was at conference championships last year, “It was the last meet of last year so everyone was doing their best to end the season strong and there was so much support to hype everyone up.”

Last year, Cuomo achieved a career record high jump with a height of 1.55 meters. Her goal for this season is to reach 1.6 meters.

COVID-19 has taught Cuomo what she really wanted to do with track which helped her plan out her goals and how she would achieve them.

This season the women’s track team will hold meets where the athletes are split into two teams, being called “blue” and “gold,” where they compete to get the most points. These are set up to monitor progress because of limited meets due to COVID-19. Meets are currently scheduled against other schools, however, they can change due to COVID-19 protocols.

Cuomo said that she would love to return to the fun times she had with her teammates at meets and continue to compete.


How To Recognize A Good Candidate In Cybersecurity Recruitment

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Cybersecurity is certainly the most important of all technological industries out there. Why? Because not only does it play a role in the success of practically every other industry, but it also protects the information of millions of people worldwide. For this reason, cybersecurity companies and organizations can’t trust their algorithms and code with just anyone. In order to uphold their reputation, companies need to hire the most trustworthy and highly qualified cybersecurity candidates out there.

In order to know how to recruit the top cybersecurity talent for your company, you need to know the lay of the land – where trends are moving, what the job market looks like, and how to recognize the right talent. We will cover all of these steps in this blog post, so prepare to take notes!

Ready to start? Contact CIBR Warriors for the fastest way to qualified employees!

The Cybersecurity Job Market

With cybercrime representing a $6 trillion economy, it is impossible for the cybersecurity industry to relax and ignore it. The US government alone plans to spend $9.8 billion on cybersecurity in 2022, therefore businesses of all sizes need to recognize the urgency for enhanced security. The risk of data breaches and hackers gaining private information is constantly increasing, so much that by 2023, it’s predicted, there will be 10 million new cybersecurity job openings. That is why companies and organizations must hire the best cybersecurity talent to protect their data against such threats.

According to CyberSeek, the cybersecurity workforce in the US has more than 950,000 workers, with approximately 465,000 of them yet to be filled. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the position of Information Security Analyst will be the 10th fastest growing occupation over the next decade, with an employment growth rate of a whopping 31% (compared to the 4% growth rate for other occupations). Meanwhile, India is expected to have more than 1.5 million open job positions in cybersecurity by 2025.

If your company is part of the rapidly evolving cybersecurity industry, you don’t have time to waste on candidates that aren’t up to par with your standards and needs. Finding great talent, or even any candidate, to fill one of the millions of open cybersecurity positions available is one of the biggest challenges facing cybersecurity executives today. So, with that in mind, we’ve compiled a list of traits you should look for in a candidate in cybersecurity.

How to Recognize the Right Talent?

The right candidate for your company should have the following traits:

1. Continuous, Lifelong Learner

This industry is constantly and rapidly evolving; therefore, the most important quality to look for in a cybersecurity candidate is someone who can do the same. They should be naturally curious and have a desire for continual learning. The cybersecurity workforce needs people who want to be a part of a team that invents solutions to keep your company safe today and into the future. This person is also willing to learn from others, not just rely on experience.

2. Persistent

Does your candidate have the initiative and imagination to do the job right? Do they seem determined? In this industry, the issues people face are constantly changing and are very difficult, so persistence is crucial. A certain amount of persistence also requires confidence, which is a must in this industry as cybersecurity workers need to deal with many people, from those in the company they work for to end-users.

3. Curiosity and Perception

Curiosity is one of the most important traits of cybersecurity professionals. Anyone who gets too comfortable in fighting off cyber attacks will soon be outdated, making their organizations subject to data breaches. To be successful in this industry, a candidate needs to be curious and search for new weaknesses. A great candidate is someone who always tries to stay one step ahead of external threats. They also need to see issues from both sides, thinking of what needs to be protected in the company. They need to put themselves in the hacker’s position and perceive any weaknesses or places to attack.

4. Having Well-Rounded Skills

A well-rounded skill set ranges from cyber governance and related soft skills to technical skills such as hardware/IoT security, penetration testing, secure development, code review, industrial control system security, network security, among others. The ability to clearly communicate issues in non-technical terms is also an important skill.

5. The Ability to Think Like a Cyber Criminal

The ability to think like hackers enables cybersecurity professionals to anticipate a cybercriminal’s next move to recognize weak points in system defenses.

6. Military Veteran

Military veterans have the proven ability to learn new concepts and skills, which makes them great candidates. Most of them are trained in the use of highly advanced technologies, and they can easily perform under pressure. They can accomplish priorities on time and they know the importance of staying with a task until everything is done right. Due to their previous profession, veterans can function as individual contributors or highly effective team operators. Additionally, they often have important security clearances already in place, which is certainly a plus.

Hiring the right cybersecurity candidate is a challenging process, not just because of the hiring crisis. Such people are professionals in an especially technical and highly specialized field that can work under a lot of pressure. However, this profession requires a set of specific skills that can’t be found in every candidate with a degree. That’s why we hope you’ll find the information in this blog post useful when deciding on the right candidate for your company.

Hundreds of new candidates are looking for job openings every day, and CIBR Warriors are there to help you find the right one for you. For more help on advancing your career or finding a perfect candidate in IT and Cybersecurity, contact us. We’d be happy to answer your questions and provide you with the best advice for getting started.

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Rest and Sleep: A Vital Component of a Healthy Lifestyle

Posted by Andrew Lekashman on

In today’s world, it can be challenging to find time to rest and sleep. Between work, school, family, and other obligations, it can feel like there are not enough hours in the day to get everything done. Even so, getting enough rest and sleep remains a vital component of a healthy lifestyle. Resting and sleeping help your body recover from the stressors of daily life, helping you gain strength and energy to face new challenges. Healthy sleep habits can help reduce stress, anxiety and depression while promoting relaxation. They also have numerous physical benefits as well as mental ones too! Let’s take a look at how rest and sleep positively impact your health.

Physical Benefits of Rest and Sleep

There are many physical benefits to getting plenty of rest and sleep. When we sleep well, we are able to heal from illnesses and injuries faster and more easily. Getting enough sleep is linked to reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. It can also help combat anxiety, depression and stress. Sleeping is vital for proper hormone production, immune function, and mental clarity. Resting allows your body to recover from the daily stressors it endures, such as poor diet, environmental toxins, and overwork. This can reduce the risk of diseases like cancer and chronic diseases, like heart disease and diabetes.

Woman sleeping at her desk with a macbook and books

When you get enough rest, your body has the chance to repair any damage incurred during the day. Sleep deprivation can leave your immune system weakened and your metabolism slowed, making it harder to fight off infections and heal broken tissues. Sleep also helps to regulate other bodily functions, including digestion, hormone production, and heart rate. Studies have shown that insufficient sleep can cause changes in blood pressure and blood sugar levels. When you get enough rest and sleep, you also have more energy to exercise, which can improve your heart health. On the other hand, too much sleep can be unhealthy. Sleeping for more than 10 hours a day can be a sign of a health condition, such as anemia or depression.

Mental Health Benefits of Rest and Sleep

Sleep plays a vital role in mental health. When you get enough sleep, you regulate your mood and improve your ability to cope with daily challenges. Sleep is a time when your brain cleans and repairs itself, helping it function at its best during waking hours. For example, when you sleep, your body releases the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate your mood, reducing anxiety and depression. On the other hand, when you don’t get enough sleep, your body produces too much cortisol, which can lead to feelings of anxiety and stress.

In addition to physical benefits, getting plenty of rest and sleep also has numerous mental health benefits. A good night’s rest and plenty of time to relax can help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, sleeping well can help improve your ability to focus and concentrate on tasks, which is important in school and at work. Deep sleep is an important part of the sleep process and it is when your brain is able to repair itself and release chemicals that can reduce your stress levels. For many people, growing older brings on sleep issues like insomnia, restless leg syndrome, and sleep apnea. However, these issues can often be treated with proper sleep hygiene and lifestyle changes.

Negative Effects of Lack of Rest and Sleep

Sleep deprivation can wreak havoc on your health, leading to a host of negative effects. Sleep deficiency can cause problems with focus and attention, increasing the risk for accidents and injuries. In extreme cases, it can lead to hallucinations and psychotic episodes. When you do not get enough sleep, your immune system function is reduced, making you more susceptible to infections.

If you are not getting enough rest and sleep, you may experience negative effects such as increased stress, reduced mood, and difficulty concentrating, among others. If you are not getting enough sleep, you may notice that you are more irritable, impatient and have less ability to regulate your emotions. You may also find it harder to focus, solve problems and be creative. Sleep deficiency also increases your risk for heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and stroke. Sleep deprivation can also affect your mental health. It can cause feelings of anxiety, stress, and depression. Sleep deficiency can also lead to feelings of guilt and irritability.

How to Get More Rest and Sleep

There are a variety of ways you can get more rest and sleep. Make sure your bedroom is a conducive place to sleep. Get rid of any electronics, which emit light that can disrupt your sleep pattern. Limit your use of caffeine, especially after 2 p.m. Caffeine can disrupt your sleep cycles, making it harder to fall asleep at night. Make sure you stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Water can help you feel less tired and wired, which makes it easier to fall asleep at night. Exercise regularly, but avoid doing it close to bedtime. Physical activity releases stress hormones that can make it harder to fall asleep.

Woman in bed using a smartphone and wearing a sleeping mask

There are many ways to improve the amount of rest you’re getting each night. Start by setting up a consistent sleep schedule. This will help your body know when to start the sleep process. Establish a daily bedtime routine that has relaxing activities, like reading, meditating, or journaling. Avoid using electronics or eating a heavy meal too close to bedtime. Cut back on caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine, which can disrupt your sleep patterns. Finally, reduce any external stressors that may be keeping you awake. Create a plan to deal with any big issues, like a long-term project, that may be occupying your thoughts. Seek out support from friends and family, or try relaxation techniques, like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing, to help you calm down. You may also want to experiment with different types of sleeping aids, such as a sleep mask, noise canceling headphones, or a sleeping pillow.

Final Thoughts

Rest and sleep are essential for good health. When you get enough rest, you allow your body to repair itself and release hormones that regulate your mood and make you feel less stressed. Poor sleep habits, on the other hand, can lead to feelings of anxiety and stress, as well as a host of other health problems.

Getting enough rest and sleep are essential to living a healthy lifestyle. Sleeping and resting help the body recover from daily stressors, boost your immune system, and regulate hormones. Insufficient sleep also increases your risk of illnesses and diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. To get more rest and sleep, make your bedroom a sleep-friendly environment and avoid using your electronics right before bed. Also, try to create a relaxing bedtime ritual, such as reading a book or taking a warm bath, that will help you transition from your busy day to a restful night’s sleep.

Getting enough rest and sleep is crucial for your overall health and wellness. While it may be challenging to make time for it, the benefits of healthy sleep habits are worth it. Remember to prioritize getting enough rest and sleep to ensure you are on the right track to good health and well-being. Now that you know how important rest and sleep are to your health, what will you do to prioritize them more? Remember, there is no quick fix to good health. It is a journey. Keep up the good work, and you’ll soon notice the difference!

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Great ResignationClimate ChangeLeadershipInflationUkraine Invasion

The U.S. is taking decisive action against cybercrime

September 22, 2021, 11:07 AM UTC
The ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline in May had serious repercussions on price and supply.
LOGAN CYRUS - Getty Images

The sight of anxious drivers forming long lines at gas stations, hoping to fuel up before supplies run out, is a sure signal of economic distress.

In the 1970s, a months-long oil embargo made gas lines an all-too-common feature of American life, while in 2012 shortages hit the Northeast following Hurricane Sandy. But those events were the result of a geopolitical standoff and a historic natural disaster. This past summer’s gas shortages were caused by a ransomware attack—an attack in which criminal hackers take a target’s data and network hostage until the victim makes a ransom payment—on Colonial Pipeline. Though the resulting lines at gas stations were short-lived, the ensuing price and supply issues were a stark reminder of the significant and growing risk that cyberattacks pose to our economy.

In 2020, the amount paid in ransomware cryptocurrency payments reached over $400 million, more than four times the level in 2019, and just a fraction of the economic harm caused by all cyberattacks. Cybercriminals and ransomware actors are increasingly exploiting technological innovations that offer secure, anonymous payments for nefarious and criminal purposes. Stopping them requires a novel and concerted strategy, one that combines the resources of the public and private sectors. This is the only way to protect our economy and national security from the risk created by cybercrime and ransomware attacks.

The U.S. government is already putting elements of this strategy into action. In May, President Biden signed an executive order that removes barriers to sharing information related to cyber incidents, enhances the federal government’s cybersecurity, and improves software supply-chain security. The federal government is actively engaging with our foreign counterparts on this issue. This includes addressing the global risks that cyberattacks pose through the G7 Cyber Expert Group and other international forums. It also means taking a firm stance with countries that turn a blind eye to malicious cyber activity. As the President said earlier this year, we will take “any necessary action” to defend our economy and infrastructure from these attacks.

That is why, yesterday, the Treasury Department announced new actions to combat cybercriminals that use ransomware to take companies hostage. First, we are imposing sanctions on Suex, a virtual currency exchange that has facilitated transactions involving illicit proceeds for at least eight ransomware variants. Exchanges like Suex are critical to criminals’ ability to extract profits from ransomware attacks. As a result of yesterday’s designation, Suex will be unable to conduct business with American companies and individuals or access the U.S. financial system that sits at the center of global economic exchange. This action is a signal of our intention to expose and disrupt the illicit infrastructure used in these attacks.

Second, the Treasury is updating our 2020 ransomware guidance to further support and protect ransomware victims that share information with law enforcement. This new guidance reflects our view that we can best protect our economy when government and industry collaborate and share all relevant information to deter and—where necessary—remediate cyberattacks.

We also know that when it comes to cybersecurity, our best offense is a good defense. In the United States, much of our critical infrastructure—like utility companies, pipelines, rail lines, and hospitals—are owned by private companies. These firms and others need to take decisive action to bolster their cyber defenses and prevent attacks from happening in the first place. This means meeting the highest standards for cybersecurity and holding third-party service providers, with access to their networks and data, to the same high standards.

Many in the private sector have demonstrated that they share this commitment. A recent Travelers Risk Index survey cited cyber risk as a top concern across companies of all sizes. These concerns are already driving action. During a meeting led by President Biden last month, several technology companies including Amazon, Apple, Google, IBM, and Microsoft committed to lead improvements in supply-chain security, invest in cybersecurity training, deliver advanced security solutions, and further integrate cybersecurity throughout their operations.

Finally, the potential for economic damage posed by cyberattacks must be understood as a risk to our financial system. Financial firms like banks and insurance providers need to integrate cyber risk into their decision-making. These firms must hold their clients, policyholders, and counterparties accountable for taking prudent steps to implement cybersecurity standards.

We do not expect the private sector to solve the problem of cyberattacks and ransomware on its own. Our economy works best when the public and private sectors work together to solve our greatest challenges. Through close collaboration, the sharing of critical information, and the development of cooperative solutions, we can safeguard our economy and promote secure economic growth.

Wally Adeyemo is deputy secretary of the U.S. Treasury.

More must-read commentary published by Fortune:


On September 11, 2018, the 7th Circuit issued an opinion in which it explained the joint employer doctrine and reversed the district court’s decision on summary judgment that an employer management services company was not a joint employer of the plaintiff-employee in her sexual harassment, retaliation, and pregnancy discrimination lawsuit against multiple separate companies. Frey v. Hotel Coleman, et al., No.17-2267 (7th Cir. 9/11/2018). This case presented issues regarding the employer-employee relationship that arise in the increasingly common scenario in which one employer hires another entity to manage the day-to-day operations of an enterprise. One entity provides the paycheck but another entity manages the tasks typically associated with an employer, such as hiring, firing, training, supervising, and evaluating employees. In this case, a hotel hired a management company to handle its daily operations. Under the hotel management agreement, the management company was responsible for hiring, supervising, directing, and discharging employees, and determining the compensation, benefits, and terms and conditions of their employment. The hotel agreed that it would not give direct instructions to any employee of the hotel or the management company that may interfere, undermine, conflict with or affect the authority and chain of command established by the management company. The plaintiff and other staff members who worked at the hotel were on the hotel’s payroll, and the management agreement stated that all personnel are in the employ of the hotel.

The underlying allegations of the case involved sexual harassment, pregnancy discrimination, and retaliation. The plaintiff alleged that shortly after her supervisor hired her, he began to subject her to unwelcome and inappropriate sexual comments and advances. According to the plaintiff, her supervisor subjected her to comments such as, “he could have any woman he wanted;” “she should put a penny in a jar every time she had sex with her husband;” and “she had a sexy body.” She alleged that he also asker her if he could touch her stomach, invited her to join him in a hotel room, and told her that he wanted to have phone sex with her. The plaintiff objected to the comments and complained to the housekeeping manager, but when that manager informed her supervisor, he laughed it off and his behavior continued unchecked. After the plaintiff informed her supervisor that she was pregnant, he reduced her hours, rescinded a promise to promote her to a sales manager position with a much higher salary, assigned her to work the night shift without paying her the extra amount normally associated with that position, failed to consider her for a front desk position which would have paid additional wages, and asked her to perform duties that she complained were difficult for her due to her pregnancy. She also alleged that her supervisor told her that her pregnancy would ruin her sexy body and that her sex life with her husband was over.

During the plaintiff’s maternity leave, she filed a charge of discrimination with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) and the Illinois Department of Human Rights (“IDHR”). One week after she returned from maternity leave, her supervisor fired her. She then filed a claim of retaliatory discharge with the EEOC and the IDHR against the hotel, management company, other entities, and her supervisor. She subsequently filed a lawsuit in Illinois state court alleging federal and Illinois claims for sexual harassment, hostile work environment, pregnancy discrimination, and retaliatory discharge. The case was removed to federal court. The management company moved for summary judgment, asserting that it was not an employer under Title VII or the Illinois Human Rights Act. The district court, accepting the management company’s argument that it was not an employer, granted it summary judgment on the plaintiff’s sexual harassment and pregnancy discrimination claims as well as her federal retaliation claim. The plaintiff’s Illinois Human Rights Act retaliatory discharge claim went to trial, and the jury returned a verdict in her favor, awarding her compensatory damages, back pay damages, and pre-judgment interest.

On appeal, the plaintiff challenged the district court’s conclusion that the management company was not the plaintiff’s employer. The hotel signed and funded her paychecks, issued her a W-2 for each year of employment, and owned the hotel where she worked. There was no question that the hotel employed the plaintiff. However, for purposes of Title VII, a plaintiff can have more than one employer. To determine whether a joint employment relationship exists, court use the “economic realities” test, under which five factors are considered: (1) the extent of the employer’s control and supervision over the worker; (2) the kind of occupation and nature of skill required; (3) responsibility for the costs of the operation; (4) method and form of payment and benefits; and (5) length of job commitment or expectations. Of these factors, the employer’s control over the worker is the most important, and courts give it the most weight. The 7th Circuit found that if the district court applies these factors, it would likely conclude that the management company was the plaintiff’s employer. The management company had control over every aspect of the plaintiff’s work environment. It hired and fired her, determined her compensation and other benefits, supervised, scheduled, and trained her, and evaluated her job performance. Thus, there was no question that the management company had absolute control of the plaintiff’s employment and the terms and conditions of her employment. The control factor weighs heavily in favor of the position that the management company was also the plaintiff’s employer. Most of the other factors also supported the plaintiff’s position that a joint employer relationship existed. The 7th Circuit held that it was reversible error for the district court to not apply the “economic realities” test; and that if it had done so, it seems likely that it would have reached a different conclusion about the management company as the plaintiff’s employer for purposes of Title VII enforcement.


Image by 14995841 from Pixabay

Note from the author: I use the terms stability and instability throughout this article. However, resiliency and fragility, respectively, more accurately describe the phenomena that I’m describing. Centralization creates fragility and decentralization creates resiliency. Please note this as you read the article below which I left in its original form.

Here we go again. Investment markets are melting down once more. Stocks, corporate bonds, emerging markets, and government bonds are having awful years. Even commodities like gold, silver, copper, and steel are down year-to-date. There have been few places to hide which might perplex investors. Yet, such widespread destruction is a clue. It’s how nascent centralization risks manifest. Markets are preaching.

Popular asset classes have performed poorly this year. Source: TradingView

In my view, today’s selloffs stem from two sources, both related to centralization. The first (and larger) is rising interest rates. Whatever their primary cause—“inflation”, unwinding carry trades, or pro-cyclical, volatility targeting strategies—the Fed’s tightening cycle seems to be part of the problem. The second is concentrated geopolitical risks. Today’s changing conditions, in my opinion, exposed markets’ dormant fragilities built up over decades. After all, centralization breeds instability.

Centralization creates instability

Centralization is a critical concept for analyzing system stability. Centralization describes an environment with a high concentration of essential factors. It’s a broad concept that typically applies to decision making processes. For example, a nation with one governing body could be classified as centralized as opposed to one with many, competing local tribes. Similarly, a computer network built around a single server is centralized while decentralized ones divide tasks among many.

All systems—ecological, biological, computational, economical, and financial—can be assessed through the lens of centralization with respect to their efficiency and stability. The greater the centralization, the more efficient they will be. Their concentrations allow for quicker and optimized behaviors. However, this comes at a cost. Instability also increases as changes have large impacts. The opposite also holds true. Decentralization reduces efficiency but adds system stability due to diversified relationships among many more factors. Thus, there are tradeoffs. Centralized systems’ concentrations are benefits but also create risks which decentralized ones diversify away, but at a cost.

Say, for example, we’re analyzing two widget manufacturers. One is centralized, producing a single product in a single plant. The other has decentralized operations (or is diversified in financial analyst speak). The centralized widget maker’s profitability would likely exceed the decentralized one’s since it can optimize operations for its single product and location. The centralized producer benefits from scale. It could negotiate better supplier and freight contracts to lower costs, invest in specialized equipment tuned to its singular task, and run its manufacturing lines longer and without interruption. All improve profitability.

The decentralized producer, to the contrary, has more inputs to balance. It has a greater number of materials to purchase and in smaller quantities; it ships to a more disparate customer base and from multiple plant locations, and; it must periodically interrupt and modify its manufacturing processes in order to make its different products. All of these cost time and money which manifest as lower profitability.

While the centralized widget maker might look like the better of the two, its profitability comes at a cost. It’s more vulnerable to operational volatility compared to its decentralized peer. Any disruption in its optimized business—a late supplier delivery, a truck shortage for transporting finished goods, a breakdown of equipment, or a reduction in its widget demand—could spell doom. The decentralized producer, on the other hand, would be more resilient to any one disruption. Diversification mitigates disaster.

Centralization is neither good nor bad on its own. Rather, it’s contextual to the system being analyzed. In many areas centralization is desirable, such as in communication. A common language facilitates beneficial trade among people. For other systems where stability is paramount, like the financial system, decentralization is best.

The Fed’s destabilizing centralization

The Fed a been a centralizing force in markets since its founding in 1913. First created to alleviate the devastating liquidity demands that plagued late-19th and early-20th century American banks, the Fed’s influence has since grown dramatically. It no longer acts as the lender of last resort envisioned (banks fear the optics that accessing its Discount Window might create). Rather, the Fed directly intervenes in investment markets today. It’s primarily concerned with financial market stability.

The Fed first forayed into markets to manage the federal funds rate (FFR). The FFR is actually a market rate determined by trading commercial banks. Via its Open Market Operations (OMO), the Fed buys and sells short-term government securities in order to manipulate the FFR into the policy range. Its trading incentivizes banks to lend at rates they otherwise would not (via arbitrage).

Following the GFC, the Fed expanded its OMO to include Quantitative Easing and again during the COVID pandemic. With these policies, the Fed significantly increased the quantities and types of securities it purchased. No longer constrained to short-term government securities, the Fed bought long-dated U.S. government bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and even corporate bonds!

The Fed purchased nearly $8 trillion of securities in the open markets since the GFC.

Each OMO policy tries to counter-cyclically balance market actions. Said differently, they attempt to overwhelm the many and decentralized actions of investors, centralizing those decisions with the Fed.

Coincidence or centralization?

Unfortunately, the Fed’s stabilizing actions are illusionary. They cannot change the underlying realities to which investors are reacting. The Fed only alters their incentives schemes. Its large size herds investors into similar trades. Thus, when the Fed changes policy—like it has this year—large capital pools remobilize which can upend seemingly tranquil prices. Rather than fortifying markets, the Fed weakens them.

A tally of recessions, bank panics, and bank failures reveals that “[the] widespread belief among economists, historians, and journalists that the Federal Reserve [created in 1913] was an essential, major improvement appears to be no more than unreflective faith in government economic management, with little foundation in the historical evidence.” Source:

Market correlations seem high these days. Furthermore, these moves look related to U.S treasury yields. Asset values are tumbling as rates rise. To be sure, the Fed’s policies are just a piece of the pie. They are selling short-dated securities to raise the FFR and reducing its balance sheet holdings alongside other investors. However, this is precisely the danger—the herd is moving again, in unison. It’s no coincidence; it’s the centralization.

In my opinion, it’s no coincidence that many assets are falling as interest rates rise. Source: TradingView

Globalization done wrong

Financial systems aren’t the only victims of increased centralization. Investment markets are revealing other vulnerabilities too, resulting, in part, from globalization. Specifically, concentrated exposures to China and Russia surfaced.

Globalization can decentralize various businesses and systems. Foreign markets, suppliers, and currencies can diversify and de-risk operations and investment portfolios, fortifying them against changing conditions.

However, globalization can also optimize efficiency. Cheaper Chinese goods and labor were increasingly integrated into supply chains in order to boost productivity, output, profits, and margins for some. Similarly, convenient and low-cost Russian oil masked the need to develop alternative energy sources and supplies. These previously hidden geopolitical risks have now been exposed. Those with concentrated risks are suffering while the diversified are less affected.

Centralized thinking creates unstable markets

Unfortunately, there’s no easy way out of our current predicament. The weak investment markets are, in my opinion, reflecting the greater centralization that has occurred over the decades. While efficiency has increased in economies and markets, so too has their vulnerability to such shocks as rising interest rates, higher market volatility, and nascent geopolitical risks.

The only cure for centralization’s afflictions is to decentralize (with deregulation, not crypto). Yet culturally, we are not always open to this. The business community might lead by diversifying optimized supply chains in order to enhance resiliency. After all, some’s existence depends on it.

Macro-minded investors and policymakers, though, remain oblivious. They stubbornly hold that central banks stabilize otherwise unstable financial systems. Such ignorance is inexcusable today. The plethora of data across time, history, and applications show that decentralization alone creates resiliency.

Until we learn, markets will continue to teach the tradeoffs between centralization and stability. The more the Fed intervenes the more it weakens the financial system, no matter how many bonds it buys. The same behaviors will only produce the same results. To think differently is insane.

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Submitted by: Malcolm Callaway

Materials: Oil, acrylic, clay, gold, and bronze on canvas

This is an historical mystery/puzzle painting on 12 separate canvases measuring roughly 100 sq. ft. using overlays of maps, Fibonacci numbers, famous icons, languages and historical figures are key clues in solving the puzzle. Each piece was sold separately. I have one. It was done in three wintery months with the aid of much single malt.


A case study interview

With Marko van Leeuwen,
Senior policy advisor for non-life insurances

Tuğçe Serinkan,
Junior policy advisor.

Dutch Association of Insurers

The Dutch Association of Insurers (Verbond van Verzekeraars) is a branch organization representing almost all insurance companies in the Netherlands, both in life, and non-life insurance. The organization helps navigate the politics between insurance companies and the government to lobby policies that set realistic, attainable goals for multiple parties.

This includes the organizing of sector-specific platforms that join relevant (external) stakeholders in a similar setting to gather and share information and come to solutions together. Overall, the Dutch Association of Insurers is a very large integrated network of stakeholders. Within this, they try to ensure ethical actions and behavior from their members and advocate for appropriate rules and regulations.

For this interview we were lucky to interview Mr. Marko van Leeuwen, the senior policy advisor for non-life insurances, and Ms. Tuğçe Serinkan, junior policy advisor, who together have played a significant role in the set-up of the cyber insurance platform. In this case study Marko and Tuğçe gave valuable insight to how from a policy side they tackle challenges within the cyber insurance sector.

The Organization’s Branch into Cyber Insurance – the Market Challenges

Challenge 1: Complex Stakeholder Relationships

As cybercrime started to create global attention, a new market of insurance emerged that has demanded the attention of the Association. From a government side the implementation of policies such as the GDPR have created new challenges for companies and insurance companies alike to adhere to specific privacy rules that if broken, result in reputational and financial losses. Meanwhile, on the insurer side, the lack of a history of data breach or cyber incidents prevents accurate pricing mechanisms. This means we do not know what can happen, the frequency, the chance, and the magnitude of the damage. Additionally, attacks could occur at the same time, in many places.

From the insurer side, this is a catch 22; as clients aren’t insured, there is no damage report to learn from, but without the damage report, there is no possibility for insurability either. Herein, it becomes difficult to write policy and price accurately. Marko explained that he believes that the current economic and political situation is more uncertain than in history, making it harder to navigate this new market.

Herein, a discussion arises within insurance companies and the government on where to draw the boundary in cyber insurance of what is considered insurable, and what is considered prevention (a client’s investment responsibility). Insurance companies play a role as insurers in the case of damage, but not an investment towards preventative actions. However, setting and defining this boundary is not the simplest task.

For example, the Netherlands recently implemented a law mandating the use of smoke alarms in every home. The government, if mandating this would encounter challenges on checking whether every home has a smoke alarm, and thus ask the Association to develop policy that requires insurance companies to mandate people who have fire insurance, to have smoke alarms. This policy, however, is problematic given the competition law in the Netherlands, the Association cannot force a company to write a policy in a given manner.

This is where the cooperation between government and insurance companies is necessary to effectively write policy that is beneficial to all parties. Defining the prevention vs. insurability boundary is necessary as it helps define the premium of insurance, a price driven by the average damage cost per incident per sector.

The accumulation of risk within the cyber insurance market now, is what helps to define the insurability. However, there is no capacity for the insurance market to handle this accumulating risk and could lead to incredible (non)financial losses. In traditional insurance, risk is diversified between local, national, and global levels. While this is contextually measurable in the majority of sectors, in cyber crime or incidents diversification of risk cannot be separated geographically. Thus, working with international reinsurers helps as there is additional data from global networks. Although, even with this, it is still limited, and it remains unknown what the magnitude of cyber damage is in one area vs another.

Challenge 2: Low market penetration

This high-risk for insurers, that although investing to retain a position in a new market, is unappealing. “The market now is not competitive in this sense, the risk is too high. There is a “risk premium on a risk premium because you don’t know”. The financial and reputational outcomes can be catastrophic, for both small and large actors. When finding reinsurers to help unburden the full weight of an insurance provision, they too will only invest to the extent of their own solvency. Cyber insurance for insurers and reinsurers is only a margin of the business produced, and the risk does not outweigh the profit. Cyber insurance as of 2021 in the Netherlands is worth €36 million (up from €28 million in 2020), this is a surprising figure given the global statistics describing a worth of $20 billion by 2026, and the €14.9 billion value of non-life insurance in the Netherlands (2021).

Currently 10 – 12 companies are offering a cyber product in the Netherlands, often providing a full package (insurance + services). For a company to be insured, the process starts with a risk assessment then the company is suggested to take prevention steps. After these have been taken, the company is insured and has access to third party expertise and specialists who help solve additional challenges along the way. This is an effective set up as many companies, in the event of a cyber breach, are unaware of the steps they must take to receive proper help. However, while this package is helpful, the premium is more expensive as it includes the costs of additional services, making it less attractive to Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs).

The overall high accumulation of risk, and the costliness of premiums, outline the low level of market penetration. Insurance companies cannot afford to hold back money for damage coverage for larger client bases, and the market of SMEs are not in the best position to afford cyber insurance as the package includes more than just the insurance price.

The solution

The Cyber Insurance Platform

As part of a public-private partnership with Chubb 2,5 years ago, the Association with financial support from the government was able to develop a platform focused on solving issues and developing discussions within the cyber insurance space.

Now representing 7 insurance companies, and relevant stakeholders (such as the police, as cyberattacks are still dealt with by the legal forces), subtopics and objectives have been identified to push the agenda. These are increasing awareness, prevention, and data sharing for people and SMEs.

Solution 1: Awareness and Prevention

To stimulate awareness and preventive action, the government financially supported the Association in the development of a Digital Security Risk Classification model that includes 11 questions to assess the safety of your positionality within a cyber security space, and tips to improve your cyber resiliency. This is necessary given the chain cooperation many SMEs and multinationals share in regard to exchanges of information they may have.

This unique model in the Netherlands helps to create a shared language to discuss clearly what the risks are and helps to send a similar message towards clients of what is going on. In combination with the Business Association of the Netherlands, and consistent touch base with insurance advisors, this clarity is
maintained, and everyone shares and holds the same information. The next step in this risk model is to develop certification schemes.

Solution 2: Data sharing

The next topic is on improving data sharing. This starts with a prior discussion on how to even start collecting data. This includes discussion which classifications the sector wants, and to what level data can be managed, and from there asking insurers to report that every year. Currently the association asks for information about yearly turnover, however, this does not provide information on risk and profitability. Currently global insurance players have the upper hand, they are better informed than local insurance players, and policies from one place could be translated to another. Within the Netherlands, local players find it difficult to offer an insurance product within this competition.

To make a cyber insurance product work, they need to: start a discussion about what and how to collect data, then agree together, that everyone will report in a shared database. At first the database will be empty as there are few incidents, but that slowly over time will increase. The drawback here is that given the private nature of data as set by the GDPR, the first few data sources released can never truly be “private”. Thus, reporting now can only be done at a very aggregated level. That is not optimal, but it is a start. From here, it makes sense to expand this data collection to neighboring countries to learn more.

The vision for the Association of Dutch Insurers is clear, the cyber insurance platform intends to:

  • Help risk awareness: financial instruments, certification schemes, publications;
  • Try to send the same message from all parties, to create a common direction and goal;
  • To improve and stimulate each other towards sharing data.

According to the GDPR, all companies are obliged to report data breaches. This is when we could argue for the sharing of aggregated data. The umbrella organization, Insurance Europe, has made efforts to try to convince the European Commission to share information. Yet, so far, these policy initiatives fail. The maintenance of data sharing within the multinational level outweighs local players and risks chances of a monopoly occurring if large governmental players are not collaborative with stakeholders.

ISUNA believes getting the right players round the table and discussing challenges will open the dialogue to sharing solutions, as the Association has shared with us. It’s important to recognize with the volatility of the market, a local insurance provider such as Nationale Nederlanden and Achmea, could not cater to 60 – 70% of the market, but can still find potential to make a profit in cyber insurance. Sharing different company perspectives and solutions can help lower insurance risks as well. By starting now, we can help the Netherlands become a leader in this market, where other countries and companies can follow.

If you like this article or want to be part of the next cyber insurance case study, contact us directly and let us know info@isuna.net

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Art Licensing for Small Business

If your business manufactures and sells products, you may want to consider licensing art to up your design game. Many small business owners often assume that their business is too small to enter the realm of art licensing-- that's for the giants, right? No!

In fact, art licensing is a perfect way to make your products stand out from the rest. A beautiful design can change the basic hum-drum product into a must-have item.  There are many artists out there, myself included, who will work with small or even start-up brands who want to up their product game.  While each situation is different, we have lots of experience with figuring out how to make our artwork accessible while not giving it away.

If you are a small brand looking to work with an artist, here are a few things you may want to know.

jenny bova wall mural pattern.jpg

Art licensing gives a business flexibility.

There is a growing push in the art and pattern design industry towards licensing. This means that the artist grants you the right to use the work in a certain way for a certain amount of time or production runs. This is great for small companies because they don't buy the worldwide, exclusive rights to artwork when they don't need to (those terms cost more!). If the product doesn't sell as well as you thought, you don't renew the license and find something else. For the manufacturer or brand it lessens the financial risk. For the artist, it means they can reuse the artwork in a non-competing industry while your license is active, or after your license expires, in any way they choose. You are giving the artist an opportunity to earn from the artwork again after you no longer need it. Win-win.

You may not need custom work.

Sometimes a company will approach me for a pattern or design that already exists and can use it "as is". In this case, it's much easier to license and requires less time to prepare. If you need custom colors, a different size repeat, or some other design changes, those usually require extra time and will add to your cost. Make sure to consider your needs and how much customization you really need. We are accustomed to making changes as many production process can require a certain number of colors or a specific size repeat, but if you’re ordering 3 extra colorways so you have a choice, this may add to your cost.

You will have the opportunity to renew licenses and can request to use the work for alternate items too.

When an artist grants you a license to use their work, be sure to read the terms carefully. Most artists will have conversations with you up front about how your business needs to use the artwork. You will know exactly what is permitted under your terms. Ask the artist for an additional license for the other things you want to make with their art! We love seeing our work out in the world, provided everyone is fairly compensated. The same stands true on our end. If we get a better offer for that piece of artwork but it's already actively licensed to you for that particular product category, well, we are out of luck and can only wait to renegotiate when the license is up for renewal.

You won't necessarily need to track royalties and make repeat payments.

Many brands don't know that royalty tracking and quarterly payments aren't always required.  While we do work with many brands who have royalties built into their accounting systems, not everyone does. For those that don't, a flat-fee is decided upon. Typically this takes into account the amount of production, the cost of the item, and the industry standard percentage for artists. It feels similar to buying art, but your usage rights have an expiration date and the cost will be less than buying art outright.

Art licensing is a foreign topic for some small brands, but it doesn't need to be. If an artist aligns with your product and brand mission, it's even more likely that they will want to work with you to get their work on your products. Smart small businesses CAN and do license art. Interested in seeing more? Reach out to Jennyto gain access to the online library, or simply let us know what you’re looking for. We’d love to be your go-to art brand.

handwritten jenny sign-off

Jenny was recently included in Makeist's 2023 Artist's Calendar Roundup and in the Bates College 2022 Online Gift Guide.
A November color palette that doesn't even touch red or yellow! Jenny's mood board this month is channeling a laid-back autumn Sunday.
We finally added a gift-wrapping add-on to the shop! Check out the paper options and gift tags. We are glad to accommodate your special requests!


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How Your Destiny May Be Affected By Your Life Path Number

Numerology, like astrology, believes that your birthday reveals something important about your personality. It is also useful for deciphering repeated digits. “You can utilize certain pieces of information, such as a home address, to extract specifics with numerology,” says the author "Ophi expresses himself. "You start to notice patterns all over the place.” More broadly, followers of numerology think that numbers and their relationships are mystical and significant. Some people believe that numbers may be utilized to predict the future, while others believe that they are mostly symbolic.

The most widely used numerology today is based on the teachings of Pythagoras, an ancient Greek philosopher. Pythagoras was a talented mathematician, but he was more interested in qualitative solutions than quantitative ones. He established a system that matched letters to integers because he believed the physical world was made up of the energy vibrations of numbers. His work focused on numerical interconnection.

Skeptics believe that numerology is a pseudoscience and that numbers cannot convey meaning beyond their numerical value on their own. No proof of actual psychic ability has been uncovered in investigations examining claims of numerological aptitude. Despite this, many modern-day devotees of the method exist, including some gamblers who utilize it to select lucky numbers at roulette tables and other venues. The "life-path number," which professes to reveal important truths about your personality, viewpoint, and life obstacles, is a popular idea in numerology.

How To Calculate Your Life Number

The Life Path Number is comparable to your astrological sun sign in that it shows your larger purpose, as well as your strengths, weaknesses, talents, and goals. Your Life Path Number also reveals the tone of your experiences as well as the reasons why things happen in the past, present, and future. To put it another way, it's the method of madness.

COPYRIGHT_JN: Published on https://joynumber.com/life-path-number-meaning/ by Amy Daley on 2022-04-10T07:04:02.550Z

Essentially, take the numerical value of your date of birth, put all of the digits together per category (year, month, day), and keep adding each of the numbers together until you reach a single digit.

Consider the following scenario: Let's say you were born on July 3, 1995, or 7/3/1995. To begin, combine the year's digits together to reduce it to a single digit. 2+4 = 6, and 1+9+9+9+5 = 24. Because both the month and the day are already single digits in this example, we can now sum the two values: Six (for the year) plus three (for the day) plus seven (for the month) equals sixteen. Finally, as needed, add those digits together until you have a single-digit: 1 + 6= 7

Another example, this time with the date of birth of December 26, 1989. It's December 26th, 1989, thus 1+9+8+9 = 27, and 2+7 = 9. The month, 12, is reduced to 3 (1+2) and the day, 26, is reduced to 8 (2+6). As a result, 9+8+3 = 20. Finally, since 2+0 = 2, this individual's life-path number is 2.

So far, everything has been rather straightforward, but there is one complication: If one of your groups totals 11 or 22 during the calculating process, do not decrease those numbers to a single digit until the final reduction. That's because, according to numerology, 11 and 22 are "master numbers" with their own unique meanings. If you were born in November, for example, you were given a master number. The following is how someone born on November 2, 1960, would determine their number: 1+9+6+0 = 16, which can be simplified to 7 (1+6). As a result, 7+2+11 = 20 (which does not reduce!) and 2+0 = 2.

It is critical to follow this formula. “Those who blindly add numbers at random without knowing the interwoven character of the whole are like spiders who have lost touch with the brilliant architecture of their web,” according to numerology.com.

Have you worked out what your life path number is? Now you can simply type that number into the box below to learn everything that might possibly happen to you. (Almost.)

How Do I Find My Soul Number?

Soul numbers, also known as Soul Urge numbers, are derived from your first, middle, and last names and indicate your destiny, life purpose, how you inspire others, and what is most important to you.

Let's take Lady Gaga's Italian given name, Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta, as an example of how to get your Soul number.

First, pick out each vowel from your full name: St E f A n I J O A nn E A ng E l I n A G E rm A n O tt A

Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta = E A I O A E A E I A E A O A

Find the number of each vowel (based on their position in the alphabet, in groups of 9): A = 1, E = 5, I = 9, O = 6, U = 3. Then, add them all together.

E A I O A E A E I A E A O A = 5 + 1 + 9 + 6 + 1 + 5 + 1 + 5 + 9 + 1 + 5 +1 + 6 + 1 = 56

Now, add those digits together and simplify: 56 = 5 + 6 = 11.

Lady Gaga's Soul number is 11.

Converting Letters To Find Your Destiny Number

You can also use numerology to derive the root number of names or words — this is where our ancient buddy Pythagoras lends a hand. According to his theories, certain letters have specific numerical values, which are as follows:

1 = A, J, S

2 = B, K, T

3 = C, L, U

4 = D, M, V

5 = E, N, W

6 = F, O, X

7 = G, P, Y

8 = H, Q, Z

9 = I, R

Using this technique, it’s easy to find the root number associated with names, which numerologists refer to as your Destiny Number. To find your Destiny Number, calculate the root number of your full name (first, middle, last) by reducing each name to a single digit, and adding up the total.

What Does My Life Number Mean?

What does my number represent in terms of my life path?

On the internet, you may find a plethora of features and forecasts associated with each life-path number, but here are some of the most prevalent ones.

Life Path Number 1

In numerology, 1 is associated with forwarding momentum, just as Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, is associated with activity and initiation. The number 1 represents a pioneering attitude, independence, and natural leadership ability. On a poor day, one can be dictatorial or boastful, concealing any insecurities under-inflated self-esteem. It's important to remember that despite being first, one can easily become the loneliest number. Even the most self-sufficient 1s require the help of friends, family, and lovers.

Strengths: Ones are born leaders, are ambitious and are usually successful in their career. Charming, diplomatic, and a pleasure to be around.

Challenges: They are overprotective and dominating to the point of being overprotective and overbearing. Anger difficulties are also a possibility.

Life Path Number 2

The number 2 is associated with sensitivity, balance, and harmony. The 2 vibration is the mediator in numerology, bringing dissonant elements together via compassion, empathy, and kindness to create harmony. The number two is associated with psychic powers and intuition, and if it appears as a Life Path or Destiny Number, the person will be sensitive to subtle energy shifts and emotional nuances.

Strengths: These individuals are extremely compassionate, caring, and empathetic. They're frequently artists, but their ability to defuse difficult circumstances could also make them good politicians.

Challenges: Deep sensitivity and dislike to disagreement might cause 2s to become overly reliant in their personal connections. They may find it difficult to speak up for themselves.

Life Path Number 3

The number 3 is critical to communicate. Three symbolizes the result of two combined forces: it is the essence of creation. 3 is a natural communicator, effortlessly sharing unique and groundbreaking ideas through art, literature, and oration. Your job stimulates, inspires, and uplifts people, and 3 delights in making others happy. However, 3 is known to be temperamental, and if he or she feels misunderstood, he or she may retreat completely. 3's escapist inclinations can be readily countered by practicing peaceful mindfulness: Because 3 has such a vivid imagination, it's critical for 3 to find quiet periods to reset, replenish, and recharge.

Strengths: Threes thrive on attention and have an easy time getting it. They are capable of achieving a great deal and are likely to be precocious as children. Always full of energy.

Challenges: Threes have a habit of starting big, exciting undertakings and then abandoning them. Threes are prone to have trouble focusing and committing, and they may get too concerned with how others perceive them.

Life Path Number 4

In numerology, the number 4 has earthy energy and is all about securing one's roots. 4 is a firm believer in the physical world and understands the importance of investing in a strong infrastructure in order to leave a lasting legacy. The vibration of the number 4 is focused on developing logical processes that can sustain scalable growth. It is practical, diligent, and responsible. 4 has a firmness to it, but it may easily deteriorate into rigidity; 4 must remember that rules are supposed to enhance rather than inhibit.

Strengths: This person is often a principled and trustworthy individual, making them a desirable friend and coworker. When it comes to a four, most people have a good idea of what to expect.

Challenges: This personality type has a tendency to become inflexible, preoccupied on rules and conventions. People who make their own rules or go too far outside the box can easily frustrate fours.

Life Path Number 5

The number 5 is defined by freedom. It is free-thinking, daring, and progressive. 5 must engage its five senses in order to experience the world: Five people learn life lessons through spontaneous acts of bravery. 5 is recognized for its fun, impetuous, and exuberant character, which is similar to Sagittarius energy in astrology. However, 5 can grow restless and impatient when it loses its distinctive zest for life. Because 5 is continuously on the lookout for new experiences, it has a hard time embracing daily responsibilities, such as professional and interpersonal obligations. When 5 remembers to limit its gaze, it will find that the most enjoyable discovery is right in front of its eyes.

Strengths: Fives are curious and analytical, which makes them excellent journalists and instructors. Strong communication abilities combined with a sense of awe for simple pleasures akin to that of a toddler.

Challenges: Fives may overindulge in their favorite activities or vices, such as shopping or partying. In partnerships, you could come across as shallow and uncommitted.

Life Path Number 6

The number 6 is known for being loving, supportive, and sensitive. 6 is a true healer who can fix problems in both the mental and physical realms, assisting others with its plain, yet gentle approach.

Strengths: This personality type is likely to be a passionate speaker and activist on behalf of one's loved ones, whether professionally or individually. They make excellent lawyers, presenters, and therapists because of their curiosity and compassion.

Challenges: Sixes may struggle with consistency, especially when it comes to taking care of themselves (think Mark Ruffalo in Spotlight eating cold pizza).

Life Path Number 7

The numerology detectives, 7 is noted for their investigative and analytical abilities. The number 7 is a combination of Virgo and Scorpio energy in astrology: it is exceedingly detail-oriented, but it is driven by inner understanding rather than a tangible reality. 7 has a sharp eye, and its perceptive insights drive a quick-witted and imaginative mind.\

Strengths: Sevens thrive in the internal world because they are deeply creative and have a strong and vivid imagination. They can keep themselves entertained indefinitely and are rarely bored.

Challenges: This personality type is naturally timid and may find it difficult to connect with others. They may also find it difficult to unwind, juggling jobs and productive hobbies on a regular basis.

Life Path Number 8

The number eight is all about wealth. This number is associated with material abundance and financial success in numerology. Because of its innate magnetism, 8 may easily occupy leadership roles. It is ambitious and goal-oriented. 8 uses big-picture thinking to expand its horizons, sprinting to the top of any ladder to achieve incredible heights.

Strengths: Eights are good with money and have been aware of its omnipresence since childhood. They're ambitious and eager to put in the effort necessary to achieve self-sufficiency and comfort.

Challenges: Because of this type's financial prowess, they may be vulnerable to swindlers, whether professionally or personally. They may also be on the verge of becoming workaholics.

Life Path Number 9

The number 9 represents an elderly soul in numerology because it is the last single digit. 9 has experienced the ups and downs of life – he's been there, done that. As a result, 9 is able to effortlessly synthesize enormous amounts of input, psychically connecting the dots to form a unified whole.

Strengths: Nines are idealistic and principled people who refuse to sacrifice their beliefs for the sake of convenience. They are usually fashionable, charming, and generous.

Challenges: This personality type is prone to codependency in personal relationships and may struggle to appreciate the moment rather than concentrate on their long-term goals.

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Amy Daley

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  • 1112 Twin Flame Meaning And Its Significance In Life

    Twin Flames

    1112 Twin Flame Meaning And Its Significance In Life

    The angel number 1112 twin flame may be quite helpful in your search for your twin flame. You get confidence and bravery from it. You may have more pleasant dreams with the assistance of this number. Furthermore, you and your twin flame will be drawn to each other.

  • 48 Angel Number Twin Flame - Believe In Perfect Timing

    Twin Flames

    48 Angel Number Twin Flame - Believe In Perfect Timing

    Your guardian angel's message to you in the form of the strong number 48 should not be ignored. 48 angel number twin flame have the ability to manifest anything right now, including a twin flame relationship.

  • 733 Meaning Twin Flame - You Will Soon Find Your Twin Flame

    Twin Flames

    733 Meaning Twin Flame - You Will Soon Find Your Twin Flame

    733 meaning twin flame may already be present in your life, but you are separated from one another. For many individuals, the angel number 733 has significant importance. Once you realize the actual purpose of your life, great things are in store for you.

  • Find Out Your Horoscope Today, 23 November 2022

    Find Out Your Horoscope Today, 23 November 2022

    Isn't it wonderful to know what your day has in store for you in advance? In this daily Horoscope today, 23 November 2022, for Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Scorpio, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces, you can find the answers to your most pressing questions about love, health, money, and career.

  • Horoscope Today, 22 November 2022 - Check Astrological Prediction

    Horoscope Today, 22 November 2022 - Check Astrological Prediction

    The alignment of the moon and sun determines the daily horoscope. The features and qualities included in a person's horoscope shape his or her personality. Horoscopes offer us a heads-up on everything we may expect to experience during the day. Read on to know more about Horoscope today, 22 November 2022!

  • Horoscope Today, 21 November 2022 - Check Astrological Prediction

    Horoscope Today, 21 November 2022 - Check Astrological Prediction

    Horoscope Today, 21 November 2022 - The alignment of the moon and sun determines the daily horoscope. The features and qualities included in a person's horoscope shape his or her personality.

  • Truth About Your Guardian Angels - Our Heavenly Companions

    Truth About Your Guardian Angels - Our Heavenly Companions

    The truth about your Guardian Angels is that they are assigned to guard a particular person, especially with respect to helping that person avoid spiritual dangers and achieve salvation. Guardian Angels may also help the person avoid physical dangers, particularly if this will help the person achieve salvation.

  • 9757 Angel Number - Meaning And Hidden Secrets

    Angel Numbers

    9757 Angel Number - Meaning And Hidden Secrets

    The 9757 angel number advises you to consider your goals in life and make adjustments that will help you achieve them. Your angels are very happy for you that you've come this far, and they want you to succeed. The 9757 angel number means that sometimes you need to make obvious changes, like giving up bad habits or getting rid of toxic people from your group.

  • 1669 Angel Number - Take Pride In Your Accomplishments

    Angel Numbers

    1669 Angel Number - Take Pride In Your Accomplishments

    The 1669 angel number suggests that angels make an effort to get you to think strategically. This number keeps showing up, which draws your attention to the synchronicities that emerge in your underlying components. Never assume that something you run over is an event, especially if it has a significant impact on your life.

  • 644 Meaning - Finding Your True Self In A High-Dimensional Light

  • Horoscope Today, 18 November 2022 - Check Astrological Prediction

  • 606 Angel Number Meaning - Make A Mental Change

  • Horoscope Today, 17 November 2022 - Check Astrological Prediction

  • 8003 Angel Number - A Transcendence Of Dualities


Here are my top fifty easy tips you should keep in mind as you write your next page-turning bestseller:

TIP #1. Remember you’re writing from your character’s POV. No need for “he/she thought.”

TIP #2. Don’t add a comma before the word “too” at the end of a sentence. jeddahvape

TIP #3. Blond is an adjective to describe a person. Blonde is a noun.

TIP #4. Don’t do an information dump all at once about a character. Spread it out and share it through dialogue if possible.

TIP #5. Try not to use “it”, “that” or “this” excessively. Describe what “it” is.

TIP #6. Go ahead and use contractions. It sounds better.

TIP #7. When in a character’s POV, that character shouldn’t describe himself/herself.

TIP #8. Don’t over use dashes and don’t put a space before or after it.

TIP #9. Try not to start paragraphs with time. For example: The next day… That is telling not showing.

TIP #10. Use only one space after punctuation. If you learned like me to add two spaces, do a “find and replace” when you are done with the book. sob-bau

TIP #11. Use ellipses to show hesitation or omitted words. For example: “You… you don’t mean he…?”

TIP #12. Use an em dash to indicate interruption in dialogue. For example: “I’m going to-”

TIP #13. Use a dash for stammering. For example: “I-I-I didn’t know you were here.”

TIP #14. Don’t use weak words. For example: Her eyes were “really pretty.” Instead say: Her eyes sparkled an emerald green. In the first example, you are also telling rather than showing.

TIP #15. Break up really long sentences and paragraphs for easy readability.

TIP #16. Avoid “ly” words, but you don’t have to eliminate them entirely.

TIP #17. If you are writing in Third Person and in a character’s POV, don’t suddenly change and become omniscient. Example: She picked up the letter opener. She didn’t know that David had used it kill his brother.

TIP #18. Write in an active voice as if story is currently happening. Backstory can be added, but make sure dialogue and actions are showing and not telling.

TIP #19. Don’t head-hop during a scene. If you need to describe how the other person feels, reconsider writing from their POV or start the next scene with their POV. odozapato

TIP #20. Use strong words. Try to avoid: sort of, a lot, seemed, slightly, almost, etc. Be definite.

TIP #21. Vary your words so you don’t keep repeating the same word or phrase.

TIP #22. Make sure your sentences make sense. For example: While he kissed her, he lit a match. Very hard to do both at the same time. Instead write: He kissed her, and then he lit a match.

TIP #23. Be careful of words you use instead of “said”. For example: “Don’t do that,” he grimaced. You can’t grimace words. Instead say: “Don’t do that,” he said, grimacing.

TIP #24. Search your document for the word “that” and make sure you’ve used it correctly. You might need to substitute with “which” or “who” or eliminate the word all together.

TIP #25. Try to use other more defining words besides “walked” or “ran.” For example: ambled, darted, paced, moseyed, scurried, sprinted, marched, etc.

TIP #26. Try to eliminate unnecessary words and keep sentences simple and direct. Don’t use flowery sentences.

TIP #29. Italicize sounds and foreign words.

TIP #32. Even though your manuscript is fiction, rtp500 make sure your facts are accurate.

TIP #35. For romance, the hero and heroine need some type of relationship conflict as to why they can’t be together.

TIP #38. Know all about your characters and their background, even if you don’t include all of it in your book. The character’s baggage is what drives them to make the decisions they do.

TIP #39. Remember that all characters have secrets.

TIP #40. Emotion is at the heart of a good book and you must clearly give your characters emotions and explain the reasons for those emotions.

TIP #41. Know exactly what is at stake for your character and what they’re willing to do or not do if a situation arises. For example: Would your heroine really shoot a gun? Why or why not. You need to know what motives her to do one or the other. It will usually be something related to a past experience.

TIP #42. Increase the intensity of the character’s situation as the plot thickens-whether by their reaction to the event or the severity of the situation.

TIP #44. If you have a character that isn’t particularly likeable, give him/her a strong, important goal so that the reader can sympathize.

TIP #46. Know your five W’s for every scene you write.

TIP #47. Write each scene from the character’s POV who has the most at stake to lose.

TIP #48. Write your query in the same voice as your book. For example: humor – funny. This lets the publisher/agent know you can write from that angle.