Convair NB-36H, the huge strategic bomber that flew with a nuclear reactor

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During the Cold War some of the most ambitious and extreme military and technological inventions in history emerged. At the time, the United States—and the Soviet Union for its part—believed that having atomic-powered strategic bombers was a good idea. Thus, in order to give life to this project, the Convair NB-36Ha plane that crossed the skies with a nuclear reactor inside.

The development of an aircraft with these characteristics may seem strange today, but in the 1940s and 1950s, in the latter especially, there was a certain obsession with atomic energy. Reactors appeared in power plants, submarines, and cars like the Ford Nucleon. The United States Air Force was no stranger to this reality, which is why in 1947 it launched the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program.

The challenging project of the first nuclear plane

The engineers in charge of the project had a series of enormous challenges on their hands. These ranged from how to prevent radiation from affecting the health of the aircraft crew, to evaluating the performance of the materials used, the development of avionics, and the transfer system. One of the team’s biggest concerns was precisely how to run traditional nuclear-powered aircraft engines safely and efficiently.

The first concrete step was to choose a boost configuration. To this end, different alternatives were tested and evaluated, including dual reactors, combined with jet fuel propulsion and single systems. Finally it was decided that a single reactor would be enough to provide the reliability needed for flight. Later, three types of reactors, known as HTRE-1, HTRE-2 and HTRE-3, were experimented with, and the latter was chosen due to its lower construction complexity.

Nb 36h Plane With Nuclear Reactor 3

HTRE-3 consisted of a direct cycle configuration. The air entered the engine through the turbojet compressor and passed to a system that directed it towards the reactor core. The air, which acted as a coolant, continued its way through the engine’s turbine and finally to an exhaust pipe. With this method, the plane would start with traditional fuel and then, when the core reached the ideal temperature, he would start using the nuclear reactor.

Having overcome the aforementioned challenges, the team focused on developing the protection system for the crew and the avionics. An initial proposal considered covering the reactor with an important layer of cadmium, paraffin wax, beryllium oxide and steel. But this approach proved ineffective and they adopted a novel method of distributing the armor between the cockpit and the rector, which was not only very effective but also significantly reduced weight.

This is Dixia Cheng, the 85 square kilometer underground city built in Beijing during the Cold War

Later it was the turn to find an aircraft to test the jet configuration that had been developed. In the midst of this task, Carswell Air Force Base, Texas, was hit by a tornado that severely damaged several of its aircraft. Among them was a B-36 Peacemaker bomber. Convair convinced the authorities that this damaged model should be recovered and become the first prototype of the nuclear plane.

The company was successful in its order and the aircraft was released for testing. Although it was a 1947 design, the Peacemaker’s features are impressive to this day. It had a wingspan of 70 m, a length of 50 m, a height of 14.2 m and a wing area of 443 m². In addition, it could support a maximum takeoff weight of 185,973 kg, an advantage that made it ideal for easily housing a heavy nuclear reactor with its corresponding shielding.

The transformation process

In the conversion phase, the aircraft’s original cabin was replaced with a fully armored 11-ton structure. The entire bomb delivery and transport system was also removed (if the project was successful it would have to be relocated) and replaced by a one megawatt air-cooled nuclear reactor, whose weight was 16,000 kg. The original boost system, Pratt & Whitney R4360-53 + General Electric J47-19, was replaced with a General Electric J47 + four turbojets.

Nb 36h Plane With Nuclear Reactor 2

Following the aforementioned modifications, the B-36 Peacemaker was officially renamed the Convair NB-36H, also known as “The Crusader”. Between the summer of 1955 and 1957, the aircraft made 47 test flights, many of them with the R-1 reactor on, but not with the aim of feeding the engines, but as a way to test and collect data on the viability of the project. The reports showed that the shielding was safe, but, in the event of an accident, there was a risk of radioactive contamination.

The fastest plane in the world: a beast that was able to fly at three times the speed of sound

Although most tests were positive, shortly after its last test flight, the NB-36H was decommissioned and its nuclear reactor removed. At that time, with the Cold War underway, the US government decided to suspend the project and focus on bombers with conventional jet engines. In March 1961, John F. Kennedy buried the program. That same year, the USSR began its experimental nuclear aircraft program with the Tupolev Tu-95LAL.

However, as pointed out by a document of the United States Congress, the technological advances obtained in the nuclear aircraft project were not in vain. These became the foundation for the research and development of nuclear reactors used by NASA.

Images | Wikimedia Commons | USAF

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Anger (AT)

Thursday, 29 September20h45 - 21h30Auditório ETIC Concertos

ANGER consists of Julian Angerer and Nora Pider, both originally from Brixen, South Tyrol. The pop duo moved to Vienna and brought a beautifully melancholic mood with them, accented with a soft Italian flair. ANGER describes their own story in just a few, but strong words: “Emo-Boy meets cool skater girl. They don’t like each other, of course. Eventually they become friends, then a couple. And then a band.” They won the XA-Music Export Award (2019) and the Amadeus Music Award (FM4 Award) 2020. ANGER played a couple of festival shows, including Maifeld Derby (GER), Frequency Festival (AT), Sonar Festival (ESP), the renowned Reeperbahn Festival (GER), Waves Vienna (AT), Eurosonic Norderslag (NL), Ment Ljubljana (SVN). They are currently working on their #2 Album. Their songwriting is influenced by different genres and languages. Their future pop sounds refreshing and unique: they combine reggaeton, hiphop elements, autotune and electric dreamy guitars.

Liveurope concert: the first pan-European initiative supporting concert venues in their efforts to promote emerging European artists.
Liveurope is co-funded by the Creative Europe programme of the European Union.


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With the pandemic COVID-19, we are facing a great uncertainty.

What will be the number of cases in Malaysia tomorrow? Will there be Movement Control Order (MCO)? What will happen to our classes? Our job?

Uncertainty about negative events can cause more anxiety than actual events.

What are the best ways to cope with uncertainties?

Psychologists have recommended several ways.

Firstly, accept that uncertainty is part of life. By accepting instead of resisting, we can use the energy to move forward. Accepting does not mean defeat. It means facing the reality of the situation and recognising the need to move ahead.

The second thing is to take care of yourself.  During uncertainty, we need all personal resources possible to cope. It is important to take extra care of yourself at this time by eating right, getting enough sleep and creating joyful moments for yourself.

Part of taking care of yourself is to make sure you are comforted in healthy ways. If you enjoy talking to friends and family members, do this more often. If you like hiking, go and do more of that.

We have inbuilt negative bias that tends to direct attention to worst-case scenario. This can be debilitating. Try to resist this by imagining the opposite possibility, i.e. the best possible scenario. Things can go right, too.

We should also be more mindful of what is going on and be aware of the things that we can control. Following SOP during pandemic is something we can control.  Just do it.

Instead of acting powerless, take responsibility for yourself and your life. This can help us feel more positive with the situation.

Lastly and most importantly, continue to find meaning in the situation.

Is the current pandemic part of the reminder to slow down? The opportunity to help others and build better relationships?

Finding meaning can help us become more hopeful.

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Pusat Media dan Perhubungan Awam / Media and Public Relations Centre
Laman Web Rasmi / Official Website : Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Report Cites Lack of Open Source Skills As a Barrier in Enterprises

by Ostatic Staff - Aug. 10, 2011

If you ask many IT administrators what troubles them about open source software, many of them will cite lack of support and adequate documentation. This has been true for years, but it's also true that in recent years most popular open source projects have surprisingly rich support and documentation options available for them. A new post on InfoWorld, though, suggests that skilled workers and training resources for open source projects are lacking. Could the answer be an industry body dedicated to filling that gap?

InfoWorld reports:

"Projects are multiplying, yet a shortage of in-house skills could slow them down...the tools [open source security applications in this case] are more difficult to master than their commercial counterparts, and it might take a year to become really comfortable with some of them."

Could a dedicated third-party company, charging minimal amounts for training for open source software make a difference? Companies such as OpenLogic and Credativ are already focused on the goal, but their messages don't seem to be reaching enterprises en masse. There is still the perception that deploying open source software means accepting a training and support abyss. Companies such as Microsoft take lots of criticism from the open source community for their dominance in enterprises, but the training and support issue is a big part of why Microsoft is dominant there, rather than free, open source solutions.

This is an open source conundrum that has yet to be solved properly.


400 Word Discussion

Respond to the following:What two to three principles did you take away from the various broadcasts over the past couple of weeks?Do you believe we are a nation abandoned by God?Of the lessons you learned and the insights you may have gained, how will you make practical applications as it relates to advocacy and public policy?Thread: For each Discussion, you will post a thread of at least 400 words on the topic presented. For each thread, students must support their assertions with at least (1) scholarly citation in APA format.Your thread must reveal an in-depth exploration of the question in a comprehensive answer reflecting specific concepts and principles. Refer to the Discussion Thread Grading Rubric for grading details.HERE ARE LINKS TO THE BROADCASTS TO REFER TO:PART 1&2: Abandoned By God:https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=n7Im5pg670U & https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aQZnnvmrzLMhttps://www.drjamesdobson.org/broadcasts/lessons-america-winston-churchillPART 1&2: Being a conservative crusader part one and twohttps://www.drjamesdobson.org/broadcasts/being-conservative-crusader-part-1-0https://www.drjamesdobson.org/broadcasts/being-conservative-crusader-part-2


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What Percent Is 11 Out Of 14

Have you ever wondered what percent is eleven out of fourteen? You can get the answer using a calculator. Enter two values into the calculator to do this. Then, you will have to multiply that number by a certain percent sign. You can also find out the percentage by dividing the numerator with the denominator. Once you have the answer, you can use the same formula to calculate the other three values.


Reporters Without Borders (RSF) is very disturbed by the “11 journalism rules” that the Taliban announced at a meeting with the media on 19 September. The rules that Afghan journalists will now have to implement are vaguely worded, dangerous and liable to be used to persecute them.

Working as a journalist will henceforth mean complying strictly with the 11 rules unveiled by Qari Mohammad Yousuf Ahmadi, the interim director of the Government Media and Information Centre (GMIC). At first blush, some of them might seem reasonable, as they include an obligation to respect “the truth” and not “distort the content of the information.” But in reality they are extremely dangerous because the open the way to censorship and persecution.

“Decreed without any consultation with journalists, these new rules are spine chilling because of the coercive use that can be made of them, and they bode ill for the future of journalistic independence and pluralism in Afghanistan,” RSF secretary-general Christophe Deloire said. “They establish a regulatory framework based on principles and methods that contradict  the practice of journalism and leave room for oppressive interpretation, instead of providing a protective framework allowing journalists, including women, to go back to work in acceptable conditions. These rules open the way to tyranny and persecution.”

The first three rules, which forbid journalists to broadcast or publish stories that are “contrary to Islam,” “insult national figures” or violate “privacy,” are loosely based on Afghanistan’s existing national media law, which also incorporated a requirement to comply with international norms, including article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

The absence of this requirement in the new rules opens the door to censorship and repression, because there is no indication as to who determines, or on what basis it is determined, that a comment or a report is contrary to Islam or disrespectful to a national figure.

Three of the rules tell journalists to conform to what are understood to be ethical principles. They must “not try to distort news content,” they must “respect journalistic principles” and

they “must ensure that their reporting is balanced.” But the absence of reference to recognised international norms means that these rules can also be misused or interpreted arbitrarily.

Rules 7 and 8 facilitate a return to news control or even prior censorship, which has not existed in Afghanistan for the past 20 years. They state that, “Matters that have not been confirmed by officials at the time of broadcasting or publication should be treated with care” and that “Matters that could have a negative impact on the public’s attitude or affect morale should be handled carefully when being broadcast or published.”

The danger of a return to news control or prior censorship is enhanced by the last two rules (10 and 11), which reveal that the GMIC has “designed a specific form to make it easier for media outlets and journalists to prepare their reports in accordance with the regulations,” and that from now on, media outlets must “prepare detailed reports in coordination with the GMIC.” The nature of these “detailed reports” has yet to be revealed.

The ninth rule, requiring media outlets to “adhere to the principle of neutrality in what they disseminate” and “only publish the truth,” could be open to a wide range of interpretations and further exposes journalists to arbitrary reprisals.

Publié le
Mise à jour le 22.09.2021


California bans police from using facial recognition body cameras

California bans police from using facial recognition body cameras

The Body Camera Accountability Act, which bans police from using body cameras with facial recognition in the state, has been signed into law.

AB 1215, The Body Camera Accountability Act, was introduced earlier this year by Calif. assembly member, Phil Tang. Both San Francisco and Oakland have previously passed similar bills preventing the use of facial recognition tech by law enforcement agencies, but this is the first time the ban has gone state-wide.

In Canada, back in May of this year, the Canadian Civil Liberties Association claimed that the Toronto Police force had secretly obtained a facial recognition system. However, Toronto Police subsequently released a statement saying they had lawfully obtained the system.

Additionally, Canadian federal MPs from all parties responded to San Francisco’s facial recognition ban, requesting that some form of facial recognition tech legislation should be considered in Canada.

The government of Canada has since launched the Advisory Council on Artificial Intelligence to better monitor and research the new technology.

With the rise of public privacy concerns over this new tech, and with facial recognition technology deployments, such as the one at King’s Cross, London UK, being the focus of a large-scale backlash from official bodies and the public alike – it will be interesting to see if other US states and Canada follow suit.


Trauma Denial: Is It Holding You Back From Healing?￼

We know that trauma can create all kinds of havoc in the body—making us more susceptible to physical ailments like colds, flu, and COVID-19; paving the way for longer-term illnesses, like chronic fatigue syndrome; even messing with our hormones when past stress keeps triggering the release of cortisol over time. In cases where the effects of trauma are ongoing, such as with PTSD, it can feel as if the harm never quite ends. Trauma denial can be just as harmful, if not more damaging.

Trauma also rewires the brain, as certain parts of the brain, like the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, are crucial in how traumatic experiences are processed and stored. The brain can recall traumatic experiences to later alert us to danger or trigger our flight-or-fight response—that’s a good thing. But other brain adaptations can be less useful or healthy, such as when people bury their traumatic experiences so deeply that they have seemed to disappear.

While this sounds like it might be a positive, avoidance of trauma, in some cases, can create bigger problems. When our trauma hasn’t actually gone anywhere, when it’s still alive and well in the mind and/or body, it can emerge through insidious behaviors that create chaos in our lives, and in ways that we may not even be aware of. This is the potentially dangerous downside of trauma denial.

Avoidance of trauma can create bigger problems. When trauma is still alive and well in the mind and/or body, it can emerge through insidious behaviors that create chaos in our lives, and in ways that we may not even be aware of. Click To Tweet

Just as the brain helps our survival as humans by storing information and kicking off the fight-or-flight response, the brain sometimes “protects” us from past traumatic events by suppressing those memories, leading to trauma denial. One study that examined the link between childhood trauma and suicidality reported that just as some people use drugs or alcohol to cope with trauma, others use denial—the refusal to acknowledge (even to themselves) that it ever happened. This protective measure can end up backfiring by morphing into a more serious concern, such as depression, and can prevent true healing from taking place.

There is also the phenomenon of trauma minimization. In a world of shocking tell-alls and media exposés, it can be tempting to think that one’s experience isn’t as awful as others’ and therefore that it’s not worthy of being addressed. But just because you don’t think your trauma is “that bad,” it doesn’t mean your experience is not important. Mental health experts have long acknowledged that trauma is not about what happened to someone, but how that person experiences and internalizes it. Keep in mind that trauma may also stem from things not happening—as would occur in the case of childhood emotional neglect, for example. A lack of care can be just as damaging as more glaring examples of trauma, such as physical abuse.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) explains that human trauma responses run the gamut. They can include high-risk or self-harming behaviors, disordered eating, or compulsive behaviors such as gambling or overworking, to name a few. Blocking out trauma can also lead to all kinds of negative effects, from substance abuse to suicidal thoughts and sleep disturbances. When trauma denial is in effect, many may have a sense of dissociation—marked by feelings of numbness or having no emotion—and avoid thinking or talking about past hurtful events.

Trauma denial isn’t all negative: One study centering around minimization and denial of childhood trauma notes that “positivity bias” among healthy individuals—which related to traumatic childhood experiences being underreported—can be “a typical cognitive mechanism among healthy individuals in Western cultures, serving a purpose to preserve mental health” and providing an important function within “psychological self-preservation.” Yes, maintaining mental well-being can include viewing our lives and families in a more positive light. But when more serious memories are getting repressed, the resulting daily disturbances can prevent us from living our best lives.

When repressed trauma is beginning to backfire in your daily life—emerging as maladaptive behaviors like self-harm or addictions, or creating ongoing stressors in the form of intrusive memories (flashbacks) or nightmares—it’s important to seek help. SAMHSA notes that techniques such as talk therapy, meditation, exercise, mindfulness, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), or more intensive inpatient treatment programs can be helpful.

I’ve been there, and it’s not easy. As I described in my book, The Relentless Courage of a Scared Child, I ran for a long time, too, hiding behind masks and denying my tumultuous past. But all it got me was depression, anxiety, and a bunch of physical ailments, including three bouts of thyroid cancer starting in my early 20s. For some of us, trauma can feel like the elephant in the room—the hulking monster we refuse to face. Luckily, in today’s world, people are more willing than ever to talk about their experiences, helping normalize these issues for others, and more therapists and medical professionals are becoming familiar with trauma-informed treatment approaches.

In the end, I found from personal experience that it is often best to bravely face the trauma that’s affecting you, ask for help, and share your pain with others—only then you can start to heal. You can even turn that trauma around and use it to help others who have been in similar positions. The possibilities are limitless when we wrestle with our deepest fears and most persistent demons. If you think you might be living under the shadow of trauma denial, I encourage you to reach out for help from a mental health professional to evaluate your options and get started on the path of healing.

To receive 8% off a FULL or PARTIAL evaluation with Amen Clinics, use code TASCAN8. To book directly or for more information, please call Amen Clinics at 888-288-9834.

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What Is Cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the discipline of protecting data, networks, and devices from damage, loss, and unauthorized access. Its goal is to secure transmitted information and prevent many problems, including identity theft, extortion, and financial losses. This field is highly sought-after and has a growing demand.

Cybersecurity is the approach to protecting networks, devices and other data loss or damage to unauthorized access

Cybersecurity is essential, particularly in organizations that process and store data. This data can include confidential and sensitive information, such as personal and financial data. The data is often sent and received across networks and devices. Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting this data from unauthorized access.

The importance of cybersecurity is so great that even executives outside the IT department are taking notice. According to the IDC (International Data Corporation), global investments in security will hit $103.1 billion this year and are estimated to increase at a 9.2% CAGR through 2022. In 2022, spending on security is expected to reach $133.8 billion. Cybersecurity is a complex practice requiring a multi-layered approach to prevent unauthorized access and damage.

Cybersecurity threats vary, but some are more common than others. One of the most common threats is malware or malicious software. This software can cause significant damage to a system, steal data or disrupt services. Malware can be as simple as an unwanted pop-up ad or as complex as stealing sensitive data.

It’s a discipline focused on ensuring that the transmitted information could effectively be kept secure

Cybersecurity refers to the process of protecting electronic information from hackers and other cybercriminals. Its primary concerns are confidentiality, integrity, availability, and resilience. A resilient system can defeat existing threats, maintain essential functions during an attack, and maintain a reasonable level of risk as the threat environment changes. Cybersecurity is often defined as the process of ensuring that all aspects of a computer system are protected from unauthorized access. It encompasses a variety of processes and tools to prevent, detect, and mitigate cyber-attacks.

Cybersecurity measures include network architecture, trusted network components, secure channels, and protection from network attacks. Security policies must balance the various functions against organizational objectives and missions. In addition, security functions must be aligned with operational goals and business missions and enforceable and maintained in accordance with security policy. In addition, cybersecurity policies must balance security functions against different phases of the information life cycle, governance of third parties, and resources.

A critical component of cybersecurity is proper training. Cybersecurity professionals organize their fields using CISSP Common Body of Knowledge domains. These domains include the process of identifying unauthorized individuals and accessing protected content. They also include the process of authorization and authentication of identities.

It’s a field with high demand

There’s a growing demand for qualified cybersecurity professionals in the United States. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, many cybersecurity jobs will increase by approximately 33% over the next decade. Many of these jobs will require cloud security specialists and cybersecurity, project managers. Cybersecurity experts must keep their skills up-to-date.

Cybersecurity jobs require a lot of knowledge of various information security standards and controls. You may also need to complete specialized industry certifications. This field is dynamic and fast-paced. Cybersecurity jobs are abundant, and you can fill them by completing a formal degree program or on-the-job upskilling. Salary is dependent on education, experience, additional certifications, and location.

The demand for cyber-security experts far exceeds the number of qualified professionals. The specialisation is predicted to grow by 33% through 2030. This demand is mainly due to the increasing number of data breaches. Completing a cybersecurity degree allows you to land a high-paying job in a growing industry.

It’s a discipline focused on preventing identity theft, extortion, data loss and financial losses

Cybersecurity is a discipline focusing on protecting the data, systems, and networks of businesses and individuals from attacks by hackers and other criminals. Today, hackers are using a variety of methods to target organizations, including social engineering, phishing, and malware. Cybersecurity aims to protect businesses from the risks of digital attacks and help prevent identity theft and other serious problems. These risks can include credit card fraud, phishing emails, ransomware, and data loss.

Cybersecurity can include any number of practices and technologies. A few standard methods are explained below: A cyberspace security policy is crucial for any organization to secure that sensitive data from cybercriminals and hackers. A cybersecurity plan should also consider how data is stored and moved.

Cybercrime is an activity that targets personal information, financial information, and social security numbers. Attackers may steal this information, sell it on the dark web, or use it for their goals. Another approach is to compromise the integrity of networks. These attacks may result in the exposure of sensitive information, such as credit card numbers, as well as destroying essential files and influencing public opinion.

5 Different Types of Motors For Industrial Applications

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TSL 1.3 has been approved after 28 iternations | Source: Pexels

Why TLS 1.3 makes the internet safer

CYBERSECURITY is a big problem today and with hackers gaining access to more and more sophisticated tools, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to protect themselves and their customers.

However, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the body that reviews and approves internet standards and protocols, has taken a step to make the internet much safer in general.

The IETF, which finally passed the Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3 protocol last week, after four years of deliberation and 28 drafts, believes the internet will be safer and faster as a result.

Essentially, TLS is what provides privacy and data security to two communicating applications.

It’s what web browsers, file transfer software, virtual private network connections, instant messaging solutions, and voice-over-IP models rely on when exchanging data, securely, over a network.

TLSs evolved from Netscape’s Secure Socket Layers (SSLs). The world move over from SSLs to TLSs because the latter offered a more secure and efficient protocol for message authentication, key material generation, and better algorithms.

Up until now, TLS updates, up to 1.2 were similar in many respects. However, the latest protocol offers quite a few advantages.

The “handshake” between a client and a server has been streamlined. As per new standards, encryption will be initiated earlier in order to minimize the amount of data transmitted in the clear.

Thanks to “forward secrecy”, hackers won’t be able to lift decryption keys from one exchange and use it to decrypt others later on. For data security professionals, this is a huge step forward for the internet as a whole.

According to Patrick Crowley, Technical Leader, Cisco Stealthwatch Cloud:

The new protocol has also removed legacy encryption algorithms altogether to prevent hackers from forcing the system to use them, making it easier to break the cipher on the messages.

Further, TLS 1.3 has introduced a 0-RTT or zero-round-trip-time mode which will help server and client machines that have been acquainted before to get right to exchanging data without wasting time with introductions all over again.

According to Cloudflare, the company that claims to “serve more web traffic than Twitter, Amazon, Apple, Instagram, Bing, & Wikipedia combined”, extended a warm welcome to 0-RTT.

The company believes that up to 40 percent of the traffic they see comes from visitors who have recently visited a site and are resuming a previous connection. The company believes 0-RTT will lead to faster connections and a smoother web experience – which will especially be noticeable on mobile networks.


The Spark

the Voice of
The Communist League of Revolutionary Workers–Internationalist

— Karl Marx

The Cost of COVID

Apr 11, 2022

This two-year-old pandemic has killed six million or more people worldwide, and hospitals overseas are again filling up with sick people.

The cost of COVID has been paid by everyone, all those who got sick, all those who know sick people or those who died. If we just take our own work place, it is still like a ghost town, with few people coming in every day.

Human beings developed by interacting with other human beings, so even if we are healthy, we have experienced lack of human contact. For people working from home, Zoom does not make up for human contact, as was shown by what happened to school children.

Governments everywhere failed to face down a crisis. Two years later health care is still a field that lacks enough workers and enough resources. We only get the health care we can afford.


Russian-Ukrainian War

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Russian-Ukrainian war — is an armed conflict between russia and the self-proclaimed republics of the DPR (Donetsk People’s Republic) and LPR (Luhansk People’s Republic) supported by it on the one hand, and Ukraine on the other.

Russian military intervention in Ukraine began in February 2014 after the winning of Euromaidan and the change of government in the country, when russian troops occupied the Crimean Peninsula — the regions of Ukraine of Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol — and annexed them to russia. In April 2014, pro-russian demonstrations in the Donbas (regions of Ukraine: Donetsk and Lugansk Oblast) turned into an armed conflict, where russia supported the DPR and LPR.

Until 2022, the hostilities were localized in the Donbas and Crimea. Russia has repeatedly denied the mobilization of troops in the Donbas until 2022 and stated that the conflict in the Donbass, until that time, was of an intra-Ukrainian nature. Despite on this, international media and political experts of different countries have been writing about what’s happening for many years as the war between russia and Ukraine.

Russian Ukrainian War

Full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine (2022)

The russian invasion of Ukraine (russian aggression against Ukraine, russian-Ukrainian war, “special military operation” in Ukraine) began on February 24, 2022, at approximately 5:00 a.m. Kyiv time. Russian troops entered the territory of Ukraine from Russia, Crimea, and Belarus sides. The troops of the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR) were also included into warfare. The troops launched an offensive on four main directions — from the north towards Kyiv, from the northeast towards Kharkiv, from the southeast from occupied Donbass, and from the south from annexed Crimea. The first rocket attacks were launched on Kyiv and Kharkiv at 5 a.m.

On February 21, 2022, russia recognized the independence of the DPR and LPR. On the morning of 24 February, russian president vladimir putin issued an appeal to launch a «special military operation.» As a justification for the invasion, vladimir putin stated the need for the protection of the DPR, LPR, and russia itself, and also used the false statement for Ukraine as a neo-Nazi state. The events were preceded by the high concentration of russian troops near the russian-Ukrainian border.

How does the global community respond to the war?

Russia’s actions were strongly condemned by the vast majority of countries in the world community and international organizations. The resolution of the UN General Assembly ES-11/1, supported by the vast majority of the countries of the world, condemned the actions of russia, recognizing it as an aggressor country, and called on it to withdraw its troops from the territory of Ukraine:

  • 141 countries voted in favor of the resolution,
  • 5 voted against,
  • 35 countries abstained,
  • and 12 were absent during the voting.

The International Criminal Court in The Hague has launched an investigation of possible russian war crimes in Ukraine. After the discovery of evidence of massacres in Bucha, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy accused russia of genocide of Ukrainians.

The second phase of war: “The Battle for Donbas” has begun

  • 24 February, 2022 – the first phase of war
  • 18 April, 2022 – the second phase of war

On April 18, 2022, the war in Ukraine entered its second phase: battles for the control of the Donbas region. The emphasis is not on the defense of Ukraine against massive attacking forces, but on its offensive actions against the entrenched Russians, stated by the Ukrainian side.

The Kremlin intends to take control (or destroy) the city of Mariupol and thereby eliminate the presence of the Ukrainian military in the land corridor between the Crimean and Donbas regions. Moreover, the Russians are likely to launch an offensive in the south of Ukraine towards the city of Izium, Kharkiv Oblast.

Russia has seriously staked on the second phase of the war (offensive in Donbas), because the outcome of this battle directly affects the positions of the Russian Federation in negotiations with Ukraine.

Questions & Answers

How long will the war in Ukraine last for?
The US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan said on Thursday that the military actions in Ukraine is likely to be "protracted" and will last for "months or even longer."

The US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken told European allies that a Russian invasion of Ukraine could last until the end of 2022.
How will the war between Russia and Ukraine end?
After the end of the second phase of the “Battle for Donbas” war, there are two possible outcomes: a peaceful settlement or a protracted conflict.
What is the central conflict between Ukraine and russia?
The conflict between Ukraine and russia began with the Ukrainian revolution in 2014, followed by the annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by the russian federation. Later, war broke out in the eastern Ukrainian region known as the Donbas, and despite numerous ceasefire agreements, the conflict has not ended. From 2014 to 2021, more than 13,000 people have been killed and more than a million people have been forced to flee their homes, according to the UN.
conflict ukraine russia

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Tuesday, March 15, 2022

Beware the Ides of March... March 15, 2022

 The Ides of March is the 74th day in the Roman calendar, which corresponds to March 15 on our calendar.

Romans used the day as the deadline for settling debts, and the day was also marked by several religious observances.

Each month has an Ides, relating to a full moon as the Roman calendar was lunar based.

The Ides of each month were marked by a sheep sacrifice to Jupiter, the Romans’ top god.

On the Ides of March, they held the Feast of Anna Perenna, a goddess whose festival marked the end of the ceremonies for the new year.

Towards the end of the Roman period the Ides also marked the start of a week-long period marking various festivals celebrating Cybele and Attis, two mythical gods.

The Ides of March is just a day in the Roman calendar but it took on much more significance when it became the day Julius Caesar was murdered in 44BC.

Such an infamous event solidified the day in history and became a turning point in Roman culture.

Where does 'Beware the Ides of March' quote come from?

While the Ides existed long before the Elizabethan era, the phrase "Beware the Ides of March" was not famous until William Shakespeare.

Renowned poet and playwright, Shakespeare, wrote The Tragedy of Julius Caesar which was first performed in 1599.

Shakespeare's plays were first published in Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories and Tragedies, now known as the First Folio.

Julius Caesar is classed as a tragedy play in the First Folio, which was published in 1623 after his death.

"Beware the Ides of March" is uttered by a soothsayer telling Julius Caesar that his life is in danger in the play.

The soothsayer tells Caesar to stay at home on March 15 and be careful what he does.

The Roman emperor was assassinated on the day in 44BC.

Since being used as a warning to Caesar in Shakespeare’s play, the phrase has been used to foreshadow something bad happening.

Why is the Ides of March on March 15?

Instead of numbering the days of each month sequentially the Romans used three fixed points in the month and counted back from those fixed points.

The Nones were either on the 5th or 7th, the Ides on the 13th or 15th and the Kalends on the first of the following month.

The Ides were meant to be determined by the full moon and Romans based their calendar on the lunar cycles.

The Ides of March would have marked the first full moon of the year, according to their calendar.

In March, May, July, and October, the Ides fell on the 15th day.

What happened on the Ides of March?

Caesar was stabbed to death during a meeting of the Senate on the Ides of March in 44BC which may have involved as many as 60 conspirators and led by Brutus and Cassius.

According to the Greek biographer Plutarch, a seer had warned that harm would come to Caesar no later than the Ides of March.

On his way to the Senate, Caesar is said to have passed the seer and joked: "The Ides of March are come", implying that the prophecy had not been fulfilled, to which the seer replied "Aye, Caesar; but not gone".

Shakespeare dramatized the assassination and its aftermath, with the words used as a warning to Caesar in the play.

Since then the phrase has been used as a warning in other situations and hence became superstitious.

The phrase "Et tu, Brute?" was popularized by Shakespeare in the same play, although he was not the first to use it.

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An interview with Jean Donham and Chelsea Sims about being a school library leader

For the new fourth edition of Enhancing Teaching and Learning, original author Jean Donham is joined by new co-author Chelsea Sims, a junior high school librarian and 2018 AASL Social Media Superstar for Student Voice. Together they cover every aspect of the school system, paying special attention to what it takes to become a school library leader. We spoke with them recently about how they approached working on the new edition, ways to lead from the middle as a school librarian, and self-care advice for keeping focused and energized.

Congrats on the new edition! Jean, what was it like to bring a new collaborator into the writing process; and Chelsea, how did you approach updating and revising such a classic text?

Jean Donham: I have known Chelsea for a long time in fact since her undergraduate days at Cornell College. I was her adviser for her MA in School Library Studies and observed that she had much to offer the profession. I have continued to follow her career, and she has shown herself to be an outstanding school librarian and leader among her colleagues in the district as well as the educators with whom she works. As I was considering a new edition of this book, I knew that I wanted to continue to provide a resource that brought scholarship and practice together. Rachel Chance at ALA photo of authors Jean Doham and Chelsea SimsEditions asked me if I could think of a practitioner who might join me in meeting that goal, and Chelsea immediately came to mind. The work she does in her school and district is always informed by evidence, and evidence-based practice is a major theme in this edition. The fit was perfect!

Chelsea Sims: Having learned from the previous edition of this textbook and Jean when I was in graduate school, I know how important it is to have a comprehensive guide to the profession that ties theory, practice, and aspiration together in one place. It isn’t a textbook on the basics of school librarianship, but on striving for excellence in the field. During the research phase of my graduate program, I also had the experience of collaborating with Jean while writing and nearly 10 years later, we were still able to speak the same language. I approached updates from the point of view of a new or practicing librarian and asked myself what I would have wanted to know that wasn’t already included in the text. Diversity and inclusion were among the essential elements to expand in this edition, as well as an articulation of the connection between makerspaces, coding, and other recent trends to the mission of school libraries. I have an amazing team of colleagues locally and via social media who helped inform decisions about new topics or perspectives to include, so I hope this new edition will prepare and inspire school librarians as the previous one did for me.

Leadership is front and center in the text, but it can feel daunting to someone new to the profession. What are some words of advice that you wish someone had given you when you were just starting out?

Jean Donham: An important part of leadership is recognizing one's own special skills and knowledge as a school librarian. Confidence in what one knows about information searching, the inquiry process, educational technology, information resources, and literature for young people is key to being able to lead from the middle. Then, developing the behaviors of a colleague, e.g. active listening, putting ideas forward with a willingness to let go or compromise when an idea does not gain traction, and ensuring that everyone is heard. Further, being able to communicate what one knows so that administrators understand the value-add that librarians bring to the collaborative table is an important aspect of gaining respect as a learning leader. Another important aspect of leadership is what is often referred to as the say-do ratio; in other words, ensuring that every commitment or promise made to colleagues is realized by prompt action. I do wish someone had advised me that I did not have to expect myself to be perfect at every aspect of my job from the start!

book cover for Enhancing Teaching and Learning: A Leadership Guide for School Librarians, Fourth EditionYou’re pretty blunt about the realities of the job when you write, “School librarians live in a world where they wield little authority.” So what are some things they can do to maximize their leverage and, as you put it, “lead from the middle”?

Jean Donham: One important role librarians can play is to keep colleagues apprised of the scholarship of learning and teaching. This is really a traditional role of a librarian to be an information specialist. By bringing scholarship to the forefront in decision-making the librarian promotes evidence-based practice and encourages reflective thought and discussion among all professionals in the school. In our book, we frequently make reference to evidence-based practice and include some specific advice about how to carry out this role of professional leadership. This calls for librarians to stay well informed in the professional literature of learning, educational and information technology, and literacy, as well as librarianship. Librarians also have expertise in literature for children and youth. Sharing that expertise with colleagues by whatever means (e.g., faculty meeting book talks, newsletters from the library, displays, or targeted email "marketing") is an example of supportive leadership for colleagues. The unique perspectives that librarians bring to their schools include intellectual freedom, students' rights to privacy, issues like leveling for readers and evidence-based applications of technology, the importance of countering not only illiteracy but also a-literacy by encouraging young people to choose freely what they wish to read; these all contribute to a special responsibility to influence through educating their colleagues and proposing positions that may differ from other educators and doing so without being confrontational, but rather applying principles associated with influence. In the book we include discussion of principles of influence to guide librarians to differentiate between power and influence.

You devote an entire chapter to “technology leadership.” What do you feel this is such an important aspect of being a school librarian?

Chelsea Sims: Librarians have always been on the forefront of ensuring equitable access to ideas and literacy; technology is an avenue for access, and increasingly, a type of literacy itself. In education, technology has become an inseparable element of our daily lives, and one that few educators have been trained to use effectively for instruction. Classroom teachers are often too over-burdened to make informed technology decisions, administrators have many external pressures to juggle, and technicians often lack the classroom perspective necessary to make thoughtful instructional decisions. A librarian’s expertise in evidence-based decision making, collaborative teaching, and providing professional development make her the ideal specialist to take on a leadership role in this arena. Also, realistically, and perhaps a bit cynically, taking on a leadership role in technology is another avenue for ensuring our communities recognize the value of school libraries. Technology is likely to be in the educational spotlight for some time, so the more visible our profession is during those discussions, the better.

Unfortunately, like every librarian, burnout and fatigue are issues that school librarians have to cope with day in and day out.  Can you offer some self-care advice for staying energized and focused?

Chelsea Sims:

  1. Reflect. Our students are what make this job worth it. Reflecting each day on the positive moments you spend with kids whether it’s an "ah ha!" moment during a research project, finding the perfect book, or listening to one of their silly stories keep reminding yourself why it’s worth it.
  2. Connect. Having a passion for school librarianship makes a huge difference; even on my worst days, I know that I love what I do and believe in the reasons I do this work. Connecting with other librarians, however that may look, can help you stay inspired to keep growing and keep going.
  3. Say no. Sometimes, it really is okay to say no. This goes back to Jean’s advice about the “say-do” ratio don’t say yes if you can’t reasonably make it happen. Librarians are service-oriented, so it is really hard to not help when someone asks. But realistically, you can’t be everything to everyone and you need to prioritize your tasks. It’s ok. Really. (I’m telling myself this as I tell you!)

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How Is Slavery Compared To Slavery

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The word “slave” comes from the Greek terminology (doulos); sometimes translated as servant (diakonos). Slavery has been practiced from the ancient days beginning in the times of the Holy Bible with Noah’s descendants through today’s society. It comes in many forms from being forced upon mankind to people choosing to be enslaved. People capturing people from many cultures and races and selling them is un-natural, yet still practiced, and in some countries accepted. In fact, there are so many practices of this kind that authorities are incapable of getting a handle on this cruel act. Slavery was commonly practiced throughout the world for labor purposes. How is ancient slavery compared to slavery in today’s society? The Holy Bible speaks of slavery as a direct result of sin and is really against God’s intention. In the book of Genesis 9:25-27 from the Bible is where the first mentioning of slavery begins when Noah curses his grandson, Canaan, and his descendants to slavery because of Ham, his father, saw Noah when he was drunk and naked in the tent. The Bible also tells us that God told Abraham that his people would be strangers in a land that did not belong…show more content…
For example slave trading in a specific country was being ended while the abolishment of slavery throughout various other empires would be started. Each step was usually triggered by a separate law or actions. In North America, the Civil War brought about the abolishment of slavery. The 13th amendment along with the 14th and 15th amendments are considered a trio of Civil War amendments that expanded the civil rights of Americans. Throughout the 1800’s is when countries throughout the world began to abolish slavery. Although slavery had ended in most countries, it is still practiced throughout the world today. India has one of the highest population rates of slavery still in
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FRED BYRNE: Expressing thanks, paying it forward

Spending much of the morning digging my way out of the recent snow dump that fell on the city I would like to thank a few individuals that certainly restores ones faith in individuals and exemplifies why I moved my family to the Big Rapids area.

After digging out my stubby little driveway with the sun shining above I got a little bold (if not foolish). I thought I would brave the unplowed ally with my little Malibu. Well things were looking pretty promising until I approached the entry where the plows had added a little more challenge for the low clearance front wheel drive vehicle. The car (and I) were not up to the challenge.

Fortunately a young couple happened by just as the realization than I needed a tactic other than rocking the car back and forth. I apologize for being socially awkward and not getting their names but with their assistance over the next several minutes we were able to get the car out onto the road. My expressions of thanks are not enough for these young individuals who in passing mentioned that I was not the first they had provided assistance for this morning. These are the type of individuals that make Big Rapids, despite its overly conservative nature so exceptional.

It was not long after this incident that I was back out shoveling when the gentleman who plows my neighbors parking lot (compared to my stubby driveway at least) provided some assistance. He not only helped clear some of the accumulated snow he also helped push the snowbank back making it easier for me to finish the shoveling. This time, I didn’t get his name, not because I am a shabby conversationalist, because he did not lower his window to talk. He just returned my wave when I attempted to thank him and went on with his business.

It is my hope I have and will continue to pay these acts of kindness forward. They were a welcomed assistance and an inspiration to me and I can only hope to be able to provide the same to others. Thank you to them and everyone else out there helping those around them.

Big Rapids


The Little-Known Purpose of the Cornerstone

Posted July 24, 2019 | Tags: cornerstone

Buildings are at the heart of every community. They provide protection not only from the elements but also house the memories and milestones of a family or business. Designing and building a structure evokes a sense of pride as the building's owners look towards the future.

Three of the main stones used during the building process are the capstone, the keystone, and the cornerstone. Each type of stone performs a specific function in the design of a building.

Capstones, also known as coping, are the protective stones set along the top of a masonry wall. Capstones are designed to throw water off the masonry wall to help prevent damage to the wall. Besides this, capstones are used to create a finished look to masonry walls and provide a smooth foundation for the building to sit on top of.

A keystone is a wedge-shaped stone at the center of a masonry arch to evenly distribute the weight of the masonry down the sides of the arch. Often, the keystone is a uniquely carved stone that adds a decorative touch to the archway. This decorative stone is typically more significant than the other stones to increase the aesthetics of an arch.

The cornerstone's three distinct characteristics distinguish it from the other stones used in construction; building orientation, history, and celebration.

History, the cornerstone was the first stone set during the building process. Careful measurements were taken to ensure the cornerstone was square to ensure the proper alignment of the remainder of the building.

In the past, buildings were designed and built in relation to certain astronomical points of the compass. Ancient cultures believed that the position of heavenly bodies regulated life, fortune, and success; therefore, cornerstones were commonly placed facing the Northeast because it was thought this location would bring harmony and prosperity to the building and its owners. The ancient civilizations often performed a ceremonial ritual when the cornerstone was placed.

The architects, builders, owners, dignitaries or religious leaders would place a sacrifice, such as wine, grain, water, or even blood offering, atop the cornerstone and dedicate it to their gods. In other cultures, relics and artifacts of the community's patron saint were placed inside the cornerstone. They believed the saint would bless the church and its members.

In the early 19th and 20th century, cornerstones were hollowed out and placed in a prominent location on the front of a building. These stones often had an inscription, such as the name of the owner, the name of the builder, or the year the structure was built. Often, the cornerstone was hollowed out, and important documents, newspaper clippings, books, or photographs were placed into a metal receptacle and then placed inside the hollowed-out area in the cornerstone before it was put in place.

You may pass by cornerstones without ever noticing them; however, you can find a great deal of information about the building from these inscribed stones. They are often found on historic buildings and homes in communities around the world.

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Divorce can be caused by how you view money

On Behalf of | Oct 4, 2022 | Divorce |

There are many reasons why couples get divorced, but financial issues often play a role. You may have heard of couples splitting up because one person was struggling with an expensive addiction and the family couldn’t make ends meet, for example. Divorce could also be triggered by someone making a major purchase – such as buying a home – without consulting the other person.

But it doesn’t have to be this dramatic. A situation where two people simply look at money in a different way can be enough to lead to a divorce.

Spending versus saving

One of the most obvious ways that this occurs is when one person values spending and the other person values saving. This can happen when the first individual thinks that spending money will give them the experience that they want out of life, so they view money as a way to create that experience. The second person views money as a way to create stability and security, so they want to save as much as they can.

Both approaches to money can be argued as the correct one, so this isn’t as much about determining how people should look at money. The problem is just that when people have two very different philosophies, they often feel like they are working against one another. This can be harmful to a marriage and may eventually lead to divorce if the couple can’t figure out how to compromise or agree.

The financial side of divorce

If this happens to you, you know how important it is to protect your financial future. Make sure that you know about all the steps you can take during your divorce.


How Many Amps Does a Ceiling Fan Use? (Revealed)

So, you want to install a ceiling fan. Or maybe you are confused as to how you rack up your monthly or yearly electricity bills and would like an estimate and breakdown. The size of your ceiling fan is the primary determinant of how many amps it will consume, among other factors, such as speed.

The electricity consumption also varies from one brand to another. This article will provide an overview of what to expect from each size, although the average cooling fan requires less than an amp.

How Many Amps Does a Ceiling Fan Draw?

A Ceiling fan draws less than an amp of energy for each hour of use. The energy the appliance will consume depends on the setting it runs on, but even the highest speed shouldn’t require more than 0.65 amps. It can be lower; set it to a low rate, and you can use as little as 0.17 amps.

There are many cooling options in the market today. But if you are conscious about your power usage, you will naturally wonder which is best for you.

An air conditioner requires more energy, consuming between 15 to 60 amps. On the other hand, a ceiling fan requires less, even though you cannot compare both devices’ functions and cooling capabilities.

A ceiling fan will come in handy in temperatures where you don’t need too much cool air. Although it isn’t as effective as an air conditioning unit, you can still use a ceiling fan in the cooler climes, like the early days of summer.

At most, it draws an average of 0.5 to 1 amp. The voltage determines how high the number goes, as well as the speed and size.

For instance, a large ceiling fan will consume a higher voltage and higher number of amps for each hour of use, while a smaller one will stick within two decimals and less than 0.5 amps.

How Many Ceiling Fans Can be on a 15 amp Circuit?

It depends on each ceiling fan’s electrical consumption per unit and hour. But let’s dedicate 1.5 amps to each ceiling fan since the larger and most optimized versions will not consume more than 1 amp of electrical current for each hour. On a 15 amp circuit, you can connect between eight to ten ceiling fans.

See also  How Many Amps Does a Microwave Use? (Detailed Guide)

Dedicate 1.5 amps to each one to ensure no electrical starvation from any angle. This is also to ensure a short circuit does not affect the performance of your device.

Since the average ceiling fan consumes between 0.5 to 1 amp of electrical currents, a 15-amp circuit will host eight of these gadgets to ensure plenty of protection.

Avoid going above eight ceiling fans to allow room for the additional power surge that may happen now and then.

How Much Electricity Does a Ceiling Fan Use in 24 Hours?

You can calculate the amount of electricity your ceiling fan uses in twenty-four hours, but you need a number of details. These include the number of hours you run it daily, assuming you don’t use the fan all day. You also need to know the number of amps it consumes for each hour, the wattage, and the price you pay for each unit of energy.

The average ceiling fan consumes a low amount of energy. It consumes an average of 120 watts each hour.

The watt means the rate of energy consumption on an hourly basis.

Your electricity consumption will be ultimately determined by multiplying the number of wattage by the number of hours of use. That will give you the kilowatt rating; let’s do that now.

The formula for deriving kWh:

kWh = Ceiling Fan Wattage x Duration of Use (hrs) / 1,000

Estimated Cost = kWh * Average kWh rate in the US

The size of the ceiling fan determines how much energy it will consume. You will often find a ceiling fan between the range of 42 to 48 inches, with an average wattage consumption of 55 to 100 watts on each amp it uses.

Let’s assume the ceiling fan uses 1 amp for this calculation lesson.

At 55 watts per hour and for five hours daily, multiply it by the number of hours and divide by 1000 to gauge the kWh rating. Fifty-five watts x 5 hours daily, divided by 1000, results in 0.275 kWh.

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Electricity consumption is calculated by multiplying your kWh consumption by your country’s electricity cost.

Daily electricity consumption for a ceiling fan of 55 watts = 0.275 kWh when used for five hours. Assuming the average kWh rate in the US at 15 cents per hour, you will spend a total of $0.04 daily.

How Many Amps Does a 52,56,60,70 Inch Ceiling Fan Pull?

The ampere consumption of each device varies and depends on the size and functionality. 52, 56, 60, and 70 are pretty common in the household, so let’s examine their electricity consumption one after the other.

A 52-inch ceiling fan consumes about 0.72 amps of electricity. Fifty-two inches is a good size for the bedroom, living room, or small garage. If you decide to install this appliance in any of these areas, you will not use up too much electricity monthly because it does not draw a high amperage.

A 56-inch will also do well in your living room, bedroom, or garage. It consumes about 0.85 amps for each hour of use, at an average of 55 to 120 watts per ampere. Again, this is a reasonable amount to consume, and you will not rack up an exorbitant bill at the end of the month.

Are you also curious about a 60-inch fan’s energy consumption? It pulls 1 amp for each hour you use it. Meanwhile, a 70-inch fan consumes 1.25 amps hourly.

Does a Ceiling Fan Need Its Own Circuit?

Barely! A ceiling fan consumes meager electricity, which means it will not immobilize the breaker. However, you can also give your ceiling fan its dedicated circuit, but there is a condition. As with everything, moderation is key. If a ceiling fan is exposed to a dedicated circuit with excessive ampere coverage, it has a high chance of overheating.

Ceiling fans do not need their own circuit. They don’t consume too much energy, so you can pair them with other devices. It does not matter whether it is a washing machine or a TV.

What Size Circuit Breaker do I Need for a Ceiling Fan?

A ceiling fan does not need a circuit breaker, dedicated or otherwise. But if you insist on providing one, you should opt for the least available rating. The reason is that a circuit power that is too high or strong for the ceiling fan will likely damage it over time.

The essence of circuit breakers is to prevent too much current or too little current from damaging your appliance. To avoid defeating the purpose, stick within a reasonable range.

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That range should be higher than the ampere consumption of the appliance you are protecting. Remember, moderation is key.

A ceiling fan may not have a dedicated circuit breaker because most options in the market range from 10 to 30 amps, at least. Therefore, it may be challenging to find a breaker that plays around 4 to five amps, which are ideal options for an appliance with 0.5 to 1 amp ratings.

Can I Install a Ceiling Fan on a 20 amp Circuit?

It is not advisable to install a ceiling fan on a 20 amp circuit because the difference in the amperage rating will be too high and therefore defeat the purpose. Most ceiling fans consume less than 1 amp of electrical energy, which means an allowance of 19 amps is too much.

Installing a circuit breaker involves managing the amount of energy that passes through your appliance. Too much, and it overheats.

If you want to use the ceiling fan alone without any other device plugged in, don’t install it on a 20 amp circuit. That is far too much electricity for one device.

On the other hand, if it will share that breaker with another appliance of a higher rating, that is okay.

Does the Ceiling Fan Consume Less Electricity at a Slow Speed?

Yes, the ceiling fan consumes less electricity at a slow speed because it uses a lower voltage. At a slow rate, the appliance may consume 0.25 amperes. Increase the pace, and the electrical current consumption climbs to 0.4 amps. At the highest speed, your device will consume 0.6 amps.

This is the benchmark for smaller ceiling fans, but even the larger ones will consume something within this ballpark.

A ceiling fan does not consume too many electrical currents hourly on a typical day. It is an affordable cooling option. But when you set it to a lower speed, the energy consumption becomes even lower.

If you cannot decide on the type of cooling system to install in your home, know that a ceiling fan is one of the lowest consumers of energy in comparison with most other appliances in the house. You will spend less than $6 if you use it for an average of eight hours daily for an entire year!

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Current Transformer Basics - CT Measurement Device

By R.W. Hurst, President, The Electricity Forum

current transformer basics
Current Transformer Basics

Current Transformer Basics can be explained this way: Central to all of the AC power transducers is the measurement of current. This is achieved using a current transformer (CT), which is a "donut" shaped device through which the wire (is to be measured) is threaded.

A current transformer is a type of "instrument transformer" that is designed to provide a current in its secondary which is accurately proportional to the current flowing in its primary.

CTs involve either an alternating current or alternating voltage proportional to the current being measured. CTs used with the Wattnode transducers produce a 333 mV alternating voltage when the rated current is measured (either 30A, or 50A). The OSI power transducers employ CT's that produce 5V output at rated value.

There are a variety of applications for current transformers voltages. Some devices are used to measure core current high in electronics equipment or motors. Others are used in street lighting. CTs with small footprints mount on printed circuit boards (PCBs) and are used to sense current overloads, detect ground faults, and isolate current feedback signals. Larger devices are used in many three-phase systems to measure current or voltage. Commercial class CTs that monitor low-power currents are also available. Some CTs are weatherproof or are rated for outdoor use. Others reach MIL-SPEC, ANSI C-12, or IEC 1036 standards. Generally, ANSI class devices are intended for power monitoring applications where high accuracy and minimum phase angle are required.

Current Transformers can be stated that power flow and provide electrical inputs to power production transformers and instruments. CTs produce either an alternating current or alternating voltage that is proportional to the measured current. There are two basic types of CTs: wound and toroidal. Wound current transformers consist of an integral primary winding that is inserted in series with the conductor that carries the measured current. Toroidal or donut-shaped CTs do not contain a primary winding. Instead, the wire that carries the current is threaded through a window in the toroidal voltage transformer.

These types of transformers dictate that many performance specifications, including primary current, secondary current, insulation voltage, accuracy, and burden. Primary current, the load of the CT, is the measured current. Secondary current is the range of current outputs. Insulation voltage represents the maximum insulation that CTs provide when connected to a power source. Accuracy is the degree of certainty with which the measured current agrees with the ideal value. Burden is the maximum load that devices can support while operating within their accuracy ratings. Typically, burden is expressed in volt-amperes (VA), the product of the voltage applied to a circuit and the current.

Read Our Other Transformer Pages: Potential Transformer Explained, Control Transformer Explained, Current Transformer ExplainedDry Type Transformers Explained, Isolation Transformer Explained, When To Use a Step Down Transformer


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How to Write a Quality Research Paper

How to Write a Quality Research Paper
By Weekly newsletter of Andrew Paul • Issue #114 • View online

To write a quality research paper, there are several steps to follow. These steps are outlined in this book. It is written in simple English and provides step-by-step guidance on how to write a research paper. Here are a few of these steps: * Methodology and Design. These are important parts of a research paper and need to be followed carefully to get the best grade.
Qualities of a good research paper
Good research papers must be logically structured. They must include specific scientific information, references, and tests. They must also be strictly on topic. They should also be rigorous, using accurate sources and thorough, deep research strategies. In addition, they should have an audience and a structure that makes sense.
Research papers are the culmination of an investigation or inquiry that expands a theory or demonstrates an effect. They present the findings in a scholarly and comprehensible manner, utilizing clear language and minimal ornamentation. For example, it is important to avoid using double-baraled sentences or excessive details.
Steps involved in writing a research paper
There are several steps involved in writing a quality research paper. The first step is to create an outline of the paper, so that you know where it is headed and how to get there. This outline will ensure that the paper follows the logical and most direct path. The outline can be shared with coauthors and may be useful for receiving feedback before you begin writing. You can also create stocked sections to help you when writing the paper.
The next step is to make sure you understand the requirements of the assignment. This step is often skipped by students, so take the time to read the assignment instructions carefully.
Methodology is an important aspect of writing a research paper. It helps you to explain how you plan to conduct your research and create a clear plan to follow throughout your research. It also gives you an opportunity to document your research goals and objectives. In addition, it helps you choose the best approach to your study.
A research methodology outlines how a researcher plans to collect and analyze data. This section of the paper will ensure that the results of the study are accurate and reliable. A research methodology will also help readers understand the research’s goals.
Designing a quality research paper is an important skill to master. It involves the selection of subjects and the analysis of results, ensuring that the findings are valid, and avoiding systematic and nonsystematic bias and inferential errors. Many texts and essays on the topic can provide helpful guidelines. For example, a guide to research design and methodology can provide a basic overview.
Creating a high-quality research paper requires a thorough understanding of the scientific method. It involves ranking scientific evidence and making conclusions based on those. Although a conclusion may seem obvious at first, it may turn out to be erroneous after it is reviewed by a group of experts. To avoid this, a researcher should carefully document their work. Moreover, the researcher should consult with a biostatistician when conceiving a new study. This professional can help determine the population, the endpoint of data collection, and bias of the participants. The biostatistician can also help determine the strength and weakness of the study.
When preparing a presentation, one should check for quality of the materials used. Whether they are useful or not is an important question to ask. For example, do they relate to the purpose of the study? Are they relevant to the results and data? Do they support the conclusions?
The originality of a research paper is a key element in the appraisal of its quality. The originality of a research paper can be assessed using a variety of methods. These methods vary in their sensitivity and specificity. The first method involves examining citations. The second method uses the knowledge units in the content of a research paper.
The first method involves the development of a research methodology that is appropriate for the subject at hand. The methodology includes procedures, tools, techniques, and people involved in the research. A research paper that uses new methods of research can justify the claim of originality.
Transparency is a key ingredient of a quality research paper. This is important not just for the sake of writing up your research but also for the dissemination of the findings. It is important to identify all of your sources and describe their contributions. It is also important to explain how you came to the conclusions in your paper.
Transparency in a quality research paper includes the full disclosure of all of your methods, from collection of data to analysis of results. This includes the data that supports your claims and the data sources that supported them. Using annotations can be a good way to achieve this. They can also be helpful for linking claims to the sources of those data.
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How useful are BCAA for athletes?

How useful are BCAA for athletes?

BCAAs (Branched Chain Amino Acids) cover 3 of the essential amino acids.

There are 8 essential amino acids for an adult human. These branched-chain amino acids cannot be created by our body itself. Therefore, we have to take them in through our diet, either through meat, fish or dairy products. These 3 amino acids are called leucine, isoleucine and valine.

Now you are probably asking yourself why our body needs these 3 amino acids.  The answer is because our muscles are made up of about 35% of these essential amino acids.

There are studies that show that BCAAs not only promote muscle growth but can also counteract muscle breakdown.

After training, leucine plays a very important role.

Because after training, the body needs energy again and pulls nutrients from the muscles for energy production. In this so-called catabolic phase, leucine plays a supporting role as an energy supplier. For muscle building, it is best to take about 3 g of leucine directly after training.

But BCAAs for muscle building alone does not help that much. For example, you should make sure that BCAAs are well represented in Whey Protein to add value to your muscles.

Conclusion: For muscle building BCAAs are very important, because they support you in combination with other amino acids to achieve your training goal.

#bcaa gym #are bcaa useful #gym bcaa #bcaas gym


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Site Manager in the Dominican Republic

June 19, 2018

Humiclima introduces you today to Toni Salom, one of our Site Managers working in the Dominican Republic. He is currently involved in his second adventure in the island after handing over the Mechanical Installations of the newly opened Hotel El Embajador Royalton Hideaway by Barceló.

Can you describe briefly the project you are working on?

Right now I'm working in the industrial zone of two future resorts that are about to be built in Bavaro, Dominican Republic.

What role do you play at work?

My job is to keep everyone involved in the Project, all working together towards a target marked as "dead line", making sure that Humiclima’s standards of quality and service are met as well as the standards requested by the client apart from the regulation and guidelines of the project facilities.

How is it working on a project thousands of kilometres from home?

There is a cultural shock first, although the results are similar, the way we work changes completely, schedules, materials, customs, even the way to call the same materials is different despite sharing the language. What is surprising is that in a few months, everything that was overwhelming at the beginning becomes familiar and one can feel comfortable. As someone told me then, this is a sort of holiday.

How is the relationship with the team at the Headquarters?

I'd say it is far more than good.

What support gives you the Palma office?

The team is good and provides me with full support. Technical Dept provides budgets and / or modifications, Development Dept new Bill of quantities, even the smallest detail of the installation is checked in record time, Purchasing and Logistics ensure a continuous flow of materials on time (not an easy task being 7.200 km far).

How long have you being out?

Although it seems to me that I arrived yesterday, I landed 1 year and 9 months ago.

Do you like the country?

Upon arrival someone told me, "People either love DR or hate it, no middle ground." I'm still here, so I think if I like the country.

Discuss briefly how different is your life in your life in Spain RD

Moving to a foreign country because of the work implies that your life focuses mainly in the job, trying to meet the goals at the expense of longer working hours, full availability, geographical flexibility etc. However, you can strike a balance and enjoy time for yourself, any hobbies, friendships and a visit to the beach.

You have had time enough to see the country, culture…

I try to have some time to discover the country, and have found some wonderful places and some quite the opposite but worth seeing. People are extremely helpful and pleasant.

Can you highlight the positive about the experience?

Moving to such a distant country without knowing anyone and being able to get the job done, touring around the country as if it were your own and feel like home, it has helped me to grow as a person and know myself better.

In addition, this represents an opportunity and allows me to get a higher level of responsibility much faster than if I would remain in Spain, it would probably take me several years of hard work if I would stay there.

It is also a luxury to have avocados and mangoes at the home garden.

What is the most negative part?

Living away from family and friends is hard.

Would you like to go to some other destination?

I would not mind knowing some other destination upon completion of the projects I'm working now.

KNX or how home automation makes life easier

The KNX system increases the value of houses or buildings. Technology helps to a more efficient management of resources.

December 19, 2018

Energy Saving Measures and Efficiency in Hotels

Humiclima has attended the workshop sponsored by CIAT, Danfoss and Wilo.

What is the LEED Certification?

LEED © or Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design is the green building certification program most used worldwide.


Working with a Financial Professional: Tips for CPAs and Lawyers

Leo Maheras |

If you're a CPA or a lawyer, you have extensive personal knowledge about taxes or the legal system, but at the same time, you may be running your own firm and dealing with unique financial situations. To ensure you're increasing your investment and savings efforts, you may want to consult with a financial planner. Here are some tips to help you work with these professionals.

1. Don't Mix Business and Personal

In many cases, there are professional overlaps between CPAs, lawyers, and financial professionals, but ideally, you may want to avoid letting your personal and professional life overlap in this realm. To give you an example, imagine you're a CPA who regularly refers clients to a financial professional and in turn, that professional sends clients to your firm.

This type of relationship can be lucrative, but you may want to have this relationship with a financial professional who does not manage your personal portfolio. Then, you don't have to worry about any conflicts of interest.

2. Leverage Your Experience When Making Decisions

As a legal or tax professional, you have different knowledge and experience than a lot of other professionals, and sometimes, this information can give you an edge when you're making an investment decision. Don't be afraid to let your knowledge inform your decisions.

Also, keep in mind that although your financial professional may be extremely skilled in their arena, they may lack some pieces of information that you have. As a result, if they are advising you to make a certain decision but you see things from a different angle, talk with them about your concerns.

Remember, you go to a financial professional for help meeting your financial goals, but that doesn't mean that you have to stop using your own knowledge and experiences. By combining both of your efforts, you may end up making even better investment decisions than you or your financial professional could have made on your own.

3. Focus on Retirement Planning

Every professional needs to think about retirement. You don't want to earn a great salary during your working years, overspend throughout your career, and end up having nothing during your golden years. However, for accountants and CPAs, the need to plan for retirement is arguably even more important.

Depending on your situation, you may run your own firm which means that you can't just plug into a retirement plan from your employer. By extension, you need a financial professional who can help you be proactive about investing for retirement.

At the same time, you should also keep in mind that a professional issue such as a malpractice claim has the potential to derail your career or disrupt your earnings. To insulate yourself from that risk, you should also work with your financial professional to ensure you are well insured and ready to meet these financial challenges if they occur.

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