Campus сarry

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Campus carry denotes the sets of laws and regulations that provision for the possession of guns in university and college campuses within the US. Different states have different campus carry laws that determine whether the possession of guns in campuses is allowed or not. Though debates revolving around the campus carry issue commenced roughly 20 years ago, the first states to allow campus carry were Colorado and Utah in 2003 and 2004 respectively. In numerous other states, campus carry remains outlawed or allowed under certain circumstances. Recently, the states of Texas and Georgia passed legislation allowing campus carry. It is worth noting that key events such as mass shootings in the past served to revive debates on the issue of campus carry. While the issue remains highly controversial, the merits of campus carry as outlined by proponents outweigh the demerits of the practice.

Recent events in the United States have served to revive the debate on campus carry at state level. State legislators have sought to legalize campus carry in one form or the other following the spate of mass shootings in recent years. Though recent mass shooting in recent years have transpired outside campus grounds, the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 influenced the opinions of lawmakers profoundly. Bennett, Kraft, and Grubb (2012), observe that since the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting, where a shooter killed a total of 32 students, as well as faculty, states have increasingly agitated for a comprehensive review of extant firearm laws. Another key incident that increased interest in campus carry laws among state legislators was the 2008 shooting at the Northern Illinois campus grounds that claimed the lives of six individuals (Bennett, Kraft, & Grubb, 2012). Notably, the recent spike in mass shooting incidents in the United States has increased calls for the legalization of campus carry in the states where the practice is currently illegal. One such incident was the 2017 Las Vegas mass shooting incident that was the deadliest in US history. Though the US congress is yet to make any legislative changes to gun laws, active legislative discussions concerning areas where concealed carry is allowed and those that constitute gun free zones are ongoing.

Forms of Campus Carry

Campus carry may assume different forms which include mandatory, institutional, as well as non-permissive. Under mandatory campus carry, there are existing state laws that permit licensed students, as well as faculty members to carry firearms to campus premises in a concealed state. In addition, it is the prerogative of individual institutions of higher learning to exercise discretion in determining the areas within the campus that are gun free. In some institutions, for instance, students are not allowed to carry firearms into dormitories since there is no storage area, while in others, students are only allowed to leave guns in locked cars at the parking lot. In 2013, 19 states in the US introduced campus carry bills in their respective legislative assemblies while in 2014, 14 states did the same (Guns on Campus: Overview, 2017). In 2016, the US state of Tennessee introduced and passed a piece of legislation that permits faculty members in institutions of higher learning to carry guns soon after issuing a notification to law enforcement authorities (Guns on Campus: Overview, 2017). Moreover, in 2015, the state of Texas enacted mandatory campus carry laws. More recently, in 2017 the states of Arkansas, as well as Georgia also enacted mandatory campus carry laws (Guns on Campus: Overview, 2017). Following the July 1st implementation of the campus carry law in Georgia, licensed gun holders in the state were given the permission to carry concealed gun in certain areas within campus grounds. Moreover, the law did not necessitate institutions of higher education in the state to set aside facilities for the storage of guns or put up signs depicting gun free zones. Currently, there are a total of 10 US states that have instituted mandatory campus carry laws.

Campus carry laws may also be categorized as institutional. Institutional campus carry states give individual institutions of higher learning in the United States the authority to determine whether concealed carry is allowed within campus grounds or not. In instances where institutions allow concealed carry within their grounds, it is up to the institutions to designate gun free zones and areas where guns are permitted. In late 2016, Ohio’s governor signed a bill that legalized institutional campus carry into law (Guns on Campus: Overview, 2017). Currently, a total of 23 US states give individual institutions of higher education the authority to permit or ban the carrying of concealed weapons in college, as well as university campuses (Guns on Campus: Overview, 2017). Notably, individuals granted the permission to carry concealed firearms within campuses must satisfy certain conditions. In most states, the individuals must be at least 21 years, have no previous felony convictions and have no history of mental illness (Bennett, Kraft, & Grubb, 2012). The other key category of campus carry is non-permissive campus carry. Under non-permissive campus carry, the carrying of firearms within campus grounds is strictly prohibited except under certain circumstances. As of 2017, 16 US states have non-permissive campus carry laws in place.

Arguments for and Against Campus Carry

Proponents and proponents of campus carry have put forth different arguments over the years to justify or oppose the issue of campus carry. Proponents of campus carry contend that a ban on campus carry infringes on the rights of US adults to bear arms under the second amendment of the US constitution. In addition, proponents of the practice put forth the argument that allowing students, as well as faculty to carry guns into campus premises is crucial to their self-defense in the event of a gun attack. In the 2007 Virginia Tech gun attack, for instance, some argue that the number of casualties would have been significantly less if campus carry would have been in force. Proponents of campus carry also contend that the legalization of campus carry reduces the chances of a mass shooting occurring within the confines of college and university campuses. This is primarily because potential attackers are cognizant of the fact that students possess the potential to retaliate using their own firearms. In the event of a shooting attack, even frightened students could gather the courage to shoot back at the attacker. As such, allowing students, as well as faculty members to carry firearms into institutions of higher education, subject to strict background checks, constitutes a critical deterrent against would be attackers. Proponents of campus carry also suggest that campus carry is critical in light of the current upsurge in gun violence and mass shootings in the United States. Failure to lift bans on campus carry in several US states put the higher education students in the respective states at high risk and enhances the vulnerability of individual institutions to attacks.

Opponents of campus carry have also put forth a vast array of arguments to justify their opposition to the practice. One such argument is that campus carry laws could inadvertently lead to increased violent crime in university, as well as college campuses. The argument is based on the premise that the higher the number of guns at any given place, the higher the probability of gun-related violence. The opponents also argue that campus carry could be a distraction to the learning of students. This is primarily because the very recognition that certain students in the classroom setting could be carrying a concealed firearm may cause unnecessary jitters among other students. In addition, opponents of campus carry contend that the legalization of campus carry could serve to increase suicide rates among students. This is despite evidence to the contrary in the different states where campus carry is legal.

To conclude, it is clear that the merits of campus carry outweigh the demerits of the practice. In addition, several key events over the last 10 years have played a critical role in the revival of the debate concerning campus carry. One such event as the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting that claimed 32 innocent lives. Campus carry assumes three forms, namely, mandatory, institutional, in addition to non-permissive. Mandatory campus carry is the least common form of campus carry since only 10 US states obligate institutions of higher learning to allow students to carry concealed firearms into campus premises. Ultimately, state legislative bodies should review laws relating to campus carry in order to adapt to current circumstances.

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  1. Bennett, K., Kraft, J., & Grubb, D. (2012). University faculty attitudes toward guns on campus. Journal of Criminal Justice Education23(3), 336-355.
  2. Guns on Campus: Overview, (2017). National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). Retrieved from
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Starbucks ordered to reinstate workers fired amid union campaign

A U.S. judge ordered Starbucks Corp (SBUX.O) to reinstate seven employees at a Memphis, Tennessee, cafe on Thursday who were allegedly fired for supporting a union organizing campaign, as the company seeks to halt pending nationwide union elections.

U.S. District Judge Sheryl Lipman in Memphis said the U.S. National Labor Relations Board had provided enough evidence that the firings earlier this year were motivated by anti-union animus. Lipman granted the order pending the outcome of an administrative case before the board.

The Memphis store is one of nearly 220 Starbucks cafes in the United States to unionize over the last year. Workers at 46 locations have voted against unionizing, and dozens of other elections are pending.

Starbucks said in a statement on Thursday it disagreed with the ruling and planned to appeal. The company said the workers were fired for violating company safety policies and that it respected the unionization process.

NLRB General Counsel Jennifer Abruzzo in a statement called the decision “a crucial step in ensuring that these workers, and all Starbucks workers, can freely exercise their right to join together to improve their working conditions and form a union.”

The NLRB in May made the rare move of seeking an order in federal court in the Memphis case, as claims that the workers were unlawfully fired play out before an administrative judge.

The board is considering scores of other complaints alleging Starbucks interfered with workers’ organizing rights in various ways, including by closing stores and firing or disciplining union supporters.

In a letter to NLRB officials on Monday, Starbucks accused board staff of improperly aiding the union and asked for elections to be suspended nationwide pending the outcome of an investigation.


September 30, 2022

Time: 20:00 on Sept 20, 2022 (UTC+7)

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AE9MIYjl5zM

News of FOTA

3 main parts 1- The most thorough & clear introduction from the gaming-publishing team about the new changes and updates in the last Big Update Version 1.0.1 2- Reminder about the event: Bonus 10% Reward 3- Meet & Great – Answer the community’s questions about the Big Update Version 1.0.1

Summarize about the new points and the most prominent changes in the latest updates

COO/CPO: Before going into the main concern of the above question, I also want to share a bit of the ideal FOTA pursues: As you know, we started to introduce the project at the end of November 2021 and we had quite a long time before that to prepare the first documents to design the project, We realized the gamefi market at that time was where most of the projects only attracted users with financial factors, not gameplay. Therefore, it made users not care if the game is good or bad, but only become interested in making a quick profit; and as you have seen when the financial attraction was over, when the inflation hit , users also left because there was no reason for them to stay and so the project came to an end and that is not the business philosophy that we want to pursue. We want to provide our users with a valuable and well invested product that takes our determination, resources and time. Since then FOTA was created with high standards of 3D graphics to become hardcore game. We know such standards will require a lot of time and effort to perfect but in return we can achieve our goal of creating a game of quality in terms of graphics and gameplay with unlimited development. As we build everything from scratch without inheriting any previous resources on source code or art. Nowadays, you can see that 90% of GameFi projects reuse the source code of the traditional games. It saves development time and cost, but in return it cannot be expanded later on. And only when GameFi is really a game will it keep users engaging because, other than financial reasons, it must be entertaininng for users, that is the most important point that we want to aim for. When the quality of the product is good and users find the game worth playing for its leisure features then other aspects will grow as well. In the near future we will continuously improve the user experience in the game as well as introduce new gameplay modes to make FOTA become an Esport game so that anyone can come to experience it even without investment or concern about the financial element of the project. Back to the above question, the biggest reason to have the update is that the Business model system in the game was originally designed to be fair to everyone regardless of how big or small the investment and the ROI ratio was suitable to help the project develop in the long run; as you all know fota is an onchain game which means that the logic and data related to the financial element of the game are 100% handled by the smart contract and it takes only 1 Small errors like a logic error occur will also cause the fixing process to be time-consuming. And after a few days of the game launch we discovered that our contract had a serious logic error that caused the cash flow of nft’s investment operation to be manipulated, you can imagine that the error made it possible for an investor of 3 NFTs to be as profitable as the one who invested in 10 NFTs and because of some limitation in the capability of how to handle on the contract, we need to change some elements to get the system back to the safety. That is the original desire of our team. We’re sorry about this, but it’s the best way for us to protect the project and protect our users.

Talk about the Energy’s new mechanism in this version

COO: It is true that we changed the energy calculation formula, but this change is only in terms of the formula, but in nature, it still keeps our original intention that 1 NFT can play 3 PVE matches in a day. In the old formula, we calculate the energy per level but the energy cost of each stage also increases gradually to ensure that 1 NFT can play 3 games a day when they always play at the highest Mision and do not use 1 NFT’s energy to play another NFT. Once again, I would like to emphasize that it only changes the formula, not the nature that we want users to aim for.

The changes in the skill system and the HeroNFT skill upgrade mechanism

COO/CPO: After the first days of discovering the error, we also know that if users keep playing low Mision to get the highest profit, they will Maxout their profit before reaching the maximum level, we also have the support team to warn about this problem in our working groups as some sort of advice and reminder, but we know that it’s very difficult because everyone still wants to make profits as quickly as possible, and in the case like you said, there are people who have already done reached Max profit of 200% while if there is no system error, it would take them longer to reach this profit figure and also their NFTs would have a higher level.

5/ 21:00-:27:05

All Rewards when finishing the game will be converted from USDF to FOTA immediately and will be pending for 14 days before users can claim them. However, this reduces the Reward value that the player can receive.

CTO: First I want to share the meaning of the introduction of the USDF: USDF is our ingame conversion currency that helps us to have a NEO calculating value to lock in the value of NFT when trading, as well as playing games; it helps users to easily calculate their progress of making profit when knowing the formula to calculate the number of FOTA received after finishing 1 game. The nature of the token flow is User deposit with FOTA to buy NFTs and claim the reward in FOTA; USDF is the medium to convert and estimate, because the token price is always fluctuating according to the market and the game cannot decide the token price outside the world. Therefore the game needs a currency to keep the NFT price fixed, and so USDF was introduced. So the nature of USDF does not reduce the reward value of the recipient, but on the contrary, if it does not appear, it will reduce the value of the recipient’s reward. Just imagine if the game Rewarded you with FOTA; specifically in Mission 1 after the game you receive 10 FOTA, then you will not know exactly how much the reward is because it depends on the market price of FOTA, so it will be difficult for you to have a formula to calculate the ROI ratio In terms of inflation. The more players, the larger the amount of FOTA being released into the market, it will create an unsustainable model because at some point the number of new players does not increase but the number of old users still claims a certain amount of tokens, sooner or later the economic model will collapse.

The change in the way Ownprice and Maxprofit are calculated

CTO: The core issue is a system error that has made NFTs reach 200% Max profit much faster than the estimated time. It’s like you only need to study 2 years of university to have a diploma instead of 4 years and it cost double the amount of money just for some reason. And I don’t believe any gamefi project currently has a ROI ratio up to 200% a month because it would cause the economic model to collapse rapidly due to inflation. I think those people should probably glad that they are lucky, but as you all know the game is essentially a mining token model for fun through playing the game, it’s like you mine bitcoins with your computer, here you mine FOTA tokens by playing games for reward via the contract, not that we transfer it to you. The price of FOTA is decided by the market conditions and we all know that the price is experiencing a downward trend because some players reach Maxprofit too fast, so I hope this update will help stabilize the ecosystem and those of you who have earned X2 on the tokens used to buy NFTs, please believe in the project and consider it a long-term investment because we focus mainly on the intrinsic value of the project, which is the product and a high-quality product will push the number of users to increase gradually leading to Financial factors to develop accordingly.

The actual gas fee is still not lower than the old price. And share more about the new Update of Smart Contract

CTO: To answer this question completely, I have to say a lot about the technical factor but it will be difficult to understand for the majority of our community here so I can only share the simplest information: Regarding gas fees, when BLockchain performing an interactive transaction with a decentralized system, the amount of gas fees depends on the amount of steps that the system needs to process, the more steps, the higher the fees. The such fees comes from BSC, not us. And we have also tried to optimize the internal process to keep the gas fees as low as possible, this new update makes some gas fees lower. For example, the process to finish the first game of the day and especially for wallets that have a lot of NFTs will require lower gas fees. By the way, I also reveal that we will launch the Daily Quest feature tomorrow and this feature was born to connect between FOTA game modes as well as create tasks for users to perform from time to time. For more details about tasks and rewards, please wait for tomorrow’s announcement. As for the Smart Contract update that affects the claim feature of the pending USDF value, because the update requires the pending value to be counted as the FOTA value, not the USDF value, so if we allow the user claim by yourself, the number of FOTA users received will be equal to the number of pending USDF at a 1:1 ratio that is not true, so we decided to lock the claim function on the web instead, we will give up a very large amount ourselves. Most of our own tokens have been bought back before on exchanges to transfer directly to users on the data that we calculated based on the time of finishing the game before, because we did not claim on the web, so 14 days after the update then on the web it will show the missed claim command because of the fact that we have compensated you for the reward, not the smart contract that was dug out.

Event Bonus 10% Rewards

COO/CPO: To encourage users and newcomers to experience FOTA’s gameplay after the update, we have launched an event that will give Users 110% rewards via our game modes until the end of September 30th. On October 1st, we will reward our users with our own tokens.

The upcoming directions in the next updates

COO/CPO: We are trying our best to bring users new updates on gameplay, I can mention a few things like: The first is the Submisson system: Currently, each NFT can only play up to 3 matches in a day and each game costs gas fee to confirm the transaction; as a result, will be difficult for users who want to have more time to play the game unless they buy more NFTs, because of that, the submisson mechanism allows Users to experience more attractive submissons without having to spend any money to confirm at the end of the match. Therefore they can enjoy the game without having to worry about the fees. The second is the “FOTA SEASON” mode, this is a mode that will turn FOTA into a real Esport game with a FREE TO EARN mechanism, gamers will be able to use all the heroes that can participate in ranked matches with other players around the globe and reap great entertainment moments with the opportunity to Earn valuable rewards from FOTA’s ecosystem. This is the game mode that helps us attract a huge number of active gamers in the global MOBA game field. And as you know, if you want your project to achieve great success and form partnerships with organizations around the world in many aspects, owning a large number of users is the most important factor. CZ – CEO of Binance once said in an interview that in order to be listed on Binance, CZ only cares the most about whether the project has a huge amount of acctive users in the ecosystem before taking the product of that project into consideration. The third is the Training Room mode: This mode allows new Users to enter and try out all the heroes in the game so that they can learn and experience the power of the heroes before going into real matches. Last but not least, we will organize online and offline tournaments in cooperation with big partners with valuable rewards to stimulate the development of the project. In addition, there are other macro development strategies, but I think I have already revealed a lot and the rest I hope you will always follow along on our upcoming development for more new information.

Video about PvP mode Share more about the upcoming events and roadmap of the projects

[Slideshow of video recording PvP feature] [Watch video at: Link] COO/CPO: – In addition, there will be more Daily Missions soon. By winning 3 matches, you will receive 3 USDF as our bonus rewards. Answers about our Roadmap: At the end of October, we will TRY to launch Training room, Submisson, and FOTA SEASON.

Speakers share their feelings

COO/CPO: I myself have started developing games for nearly 10 years, so the process of developing and operating a game methodically is really not simple and certainly difficult to avoid shortcomings or problems such as game bugs or complaints. As you can also see, there are games that have been released for more than 10 years but still have to update and fix bugs every month and so user comments are very important to the development of the game. Therefore, we hope to receive the love, support and suggestions from all of you, we will try our best to make FOTA better and better so that we can bring FOTA to the next level. Moreoever, I would like to thank all of you who have always believed and supported us for the past couple months. CTO: Today is quite emotional, because I’ve had a thought about these updates and how it impacts the people playing and investing in this game. When I make a product, I always want to bring value to the players who invest in the game. Everything always has 2 sides of the coin: the good impact, and the bad or negative one. We always try our best to find and fix the problem, to improve and bring the best experience to the users. You can also see the change of Aether from 10$ to 5$. We always try to support you whenever you have a problem, to protect you and your investment or value by developing Contract Treasury mechanisms to return value to the community based on Ownprice value Moreover, I am very grateful for the support and trust of players and investors with the project and everyone’s encouragement so that the team can improve more and thereby weaken the fun factor and make the investment factor (in NFT, crypto market) achieve the best score for the player.

Why is Maxprofit = 200% FOTA Ownprice? While FOTA token is always volatile and this will cause disadvantages for players

The rise and fall of the token price of any project will depend on many factors including tokenomic distribution, market sentiment, security and management of external circulating supply, etc. … The most obvious factor of them is the problem of momentum management of the total amount of tokens circulating in the market, inflation will happen if the number of holders or the number of tokens held does not increase while the tokens keep releasing via gameplay. As I explained, the nature of playing FOTA’s PVE mode is a token mining mechanism with the capital being the amount of FOTA spent to buy NFT and the profit being the amount of FOTA claimed. With the formula calculating in fixed USDF will help avoid price deduction in either the following cases: In the bullish market, the token price will increase while the quantities remain stable, which whill support the project to thrive. On the other hand, in the bearish market, for GameFi projects that reward a fixed number of tokens per mission, when the price drops, but the amount of tokens received remains unchanged, it will only be more disadvantageous for the User in terms of profit In the case of FOTA, we allow the User to claim more tokens when the market is down because we divide the USDF by FOTA price to secure their profit. But if there is no limit point, the amount of tokens claimed will be infinite leading to an unrecoverable domino effect because the lower the price, the more you can claim and it become a cycle that will cause a plummet in the price. Therefore, the 200% figure is the barrier to ensure an effective recovery, and it also comes from the counselling from our major partners including the Binance Chain.

What will happen to my unused Aether that I bought at the price of $10?

Those who have bought Aether but have not used it will receive an equivalent amount of new Aether from the system (the system will transfer it directly to the user).

After the big update, FOTA has changed the rewarding system, so now there is a certain amount of pending rewards that has been deleted, can you explain it to me?

In this case, it is absolutely sure that the Hero NFT has exceeded 200% FOTA in the past 1 month, so the system will automatically remove the excess rewards. In addition, the ROI ratio calculated in FOTA for that NFT has reached 200% / 30 days while it’s supposed to be a couple months. Since it is faster than expectations, it causes the price ratio to decrease because Supply is larger than Demand.

When will the remaining platforms become available (i.e [for example]: Mobile, MacOs,…)

The Mobile version is still in development and for now we can provide teasers for your reference. The game will be available soon but we have not yet announced the exact launch date as it relates to the business development strategy that we are aiming for. We can assure that the coming months FOTA will have a lot of new things to offer our community and the mobile version is one of them.

Due to the changes in updating the Smart Contract, when will the display of “Miss Claim” on the website return to normal for claiming rewards like before?

The “claim reward” function on the website will resume from October 9th onwards.

🌐 FOTA’s resources: Website | Discord | Social Media Links


Is Living in your RV Safe?

“How safe is my RV?” This question is probably rendered in your mind as you stay for the night inside your Recreational Vehicle. Admit it or not, you get anxious feeling thinking of a burglar robbing your RV or a criminal that will break into your automobile home. You might wanna get some protection against any threats, don’t you?

According to Brian of, there are survival knives that you can probably use to protect yourself from any threats while camping or living in your RV. However, if you believe that prevention is better than cure, then stay tuned in this article as we also discuss the things you can do to ensure the safety of oneself.

Are RVs safe to stay in?

You probably read a lot of reviews saying that RVs are not that safe to stay in as they can easily be broken into when someone wants to. Well, if that is when you do not prepare for these circumstances to happen. Most of the RVs that are gotten into are vehicles whose security and safety is not prioritized and secured.

However, if you will do precautionary measures like staying in a park that can house or accommodate RVs legally and secured, then you don’t have to worry about the said situations above. You can also enhance your safety if you will be putting locks that can hold anyone uninvited outside. Long story short, RVs are generally safe when you make them safe.

How to ensure the safety of your RV?

Now that you know about RVs being both safe and dangerous, it is important to know the factors that can inflict harm or render risks to you.

1. The Area You Stay In

RVs are known for their convenience of travelling from one place to another. And there are people that love to isolate themselves from the society or civilization that prefer remote places. These places are full of threats, especially the place is void of communication and sometimes lacks signal connectivity. These places can also be a place where criminals can thrive in some cases.

2. Biodiversity

Nature lovers that own RVs probably stay with their vehicle in the wild. It is okay to admire the wonders of Mother Nature but it is not that safe as wild animals are considered as a threat to your safety. May it be a microorganism, pest, insect, or an animal, they pose a threat to your safety especially when they are infamous because of their behavior.

3. Vulnerability

To ensure the safety of your home is not only limited to the external factors but also to the internal of your home. It is imperative to make sure that your doors and windows are locked properly and burglars cannot break in easily. It is also important to exterminate any possible outbreak of harms like electrical failure and fire in your RV.

Furthermore, the things that you have in your automobile household can be projectiles that can harm you by either accident or incident. It is better to keep things out and properly store them in your home to avoid any unfortunate events from happening.

4. Health Condition

Lastly, the most important thing to remember to make sure that you are always safe is to determine your health condition. Most people do not know what their health condition is as they ignore any signs and symptoms that they experience. And by ignoring it, it may cause more severe impacts on you.

It can also have a great change to your daily lifestyle if left untreated. It is better to acknowledge a professional advice and prescription to ensure that nothing will happen to you whenever you are in your RV.

These are some of the things you must check upon to secure your safety even if you do not live in a standard household.

Living in an automobile home does not exempt you from the normal threats that pose when you live in a standard apartment or house. The dangers are more dangerous and unexpected as you may never know what wanders in the wild and outside of an actual home. Regardless of that, you should always check the things that can threaten you to secure your safety and well-being.


WikiDes: A Wikipedia-Based Dataset for Generating Short Descriptions from Paragraphs

As free online encyclopedias with massive volumes of content, Wikipedia and Wikidata are key to many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as information retrieval, knowledge base building, machine translation, text classification, and text summarization. In this paper, we introduce WikiDes, a novel dataset to generate short descriptions of Wikipedia articles for the problem of text summarization. The dataset consists of over 80k English samples on 6987 topics. We set up a two-phase summarization method - description generation (Phase I) and candidate ranking (Phase II) - as a strong approach that relies on transfer and contrastive learning. For description generation, T5 and BART show their superiority compared to other small-scale pre-trained models. By applying contrastive learning with the diverse input from beam search, the metric fusion-based ranking models outperform the direct description generation models significantly up to 22 ROUGE in topic-exclusive split and topic-independent split. Furthermore, the outcome descriptions in Phase II are supported by human evaluation in over 45.33% chosen compared to 23.66% in Phase I against the gold descriptions. In the aspect of sentiment analysis, the generated descriptions cannot effectively capture all sentiment polarities from paragraphs while doing this task better from the gold descriptions. The automatic generation of new descriptions reduces the human efforts in creating them and enriches Wikidata-based knowledge graphs. Our paper shows a practical impact on Wikipedia and Wikidata since there are thousands of missing descriptions. Finally, we expect WikiDes to be a useful dataset for related works in capturing salient information from short paragraphs. The curated dataset is publicly available at:

PDF Abstract

Introduced in the Paper:

Results from the Paper


Training Approach Workbook

Use this tool to map out a high-level training approach, training strategies and key inputs to a training plan.

Training Plan Template

A training plan is a detailed description of how training will occur. A training plan is a place for comprehensive documentation of the program’s approach, strategy and specific plans for training users to support the execution of training activities.

Sample Training-Related Roles and Responsibilities

A clear division of roles and responsibilities is needed to ensure smooth and effective system training. Sample training responsibilities across IIS roles, both before and after system go-live, can guide programs in understanding their own staff responsibilities.

Learner Personas Worksheet

Learner personas are fictional characters developed to represent a particular user group. The development of personas promotes a user-centric perspective to inform training requirements and activities when a system change is planned.

Training Action Mapping Worksheet

“Action mapping” is a technique to ensure that learning resources serve the needs of the targeted training audience. This worksheet can assist in mapping out potential training topics and objectives.


Jake Satisky

Jake Satisky - Jake Satisky

As an undergraduate student at Duke University, Jake Satisky majored in Public Policy and minored in Political Science. He contributed to the business analysis and editing teams. He primarily worked on the Colonial Bank case study. As part of his first-grade talent show, he named all the presidents in reverse order.


NASA Television | NASA and the Impact of Andy Weir’s “The Martian”

As I watched the International Space Station receive a resupply shipment from Florida (most likely aided by my brother there) and controlled from the infamous Mission Control Houston this morning, I had to think of how all this is connected to Andy Weir’s “The Martian”.

Sure the astronauts were not in distress and stranded on Mars or anything, but part of the tons of cargo they will unload today is science experiments “for future use”. This led me to think about what future use may mean, and why we would be interested in it at all to begin with. In Weir’s “The Martian”, Mark Watney is a botanist who colonizes Mars by finding a way to create soil and grow his own food on the planet. Sure he still has to wear a pesky space suit because, well, you can’t BREATH on Mars, but he has a series of blow-up tents/greenhouses called Habs that provide enough Earth-like atmosphere for himself and the plants to be able to live outside of suits most of the time. In the book, Mark has a hard time communicating with Earth; in real life, NASA is live-streaming from space! You can watch NASA live here.

Since “The Martian” arrived, there has been a real interest in recreating the science of the book. (It helps that the book became a bestseller and Hollywood made a movie out of it.) There are kids–and adults–all over the US building rockets to go to Mars and reproducing the garden from the book in special labs replicating Martian soil conditions. Some scientists are even trying out different potatoes with soil from Peru because it is most like Martian soil. You can learn more it all here.

What does all this mean?

I believe we may be looking at the dawn of another Space Age. As the public opinion sways the use of the almighty federal dollar, we may see more federal funding return to Space travel. If this happens, our overall knowledge and society will progress. John F. Kennedy felt that way in the 1960s; he had numerous speeches explaining that space exploration could further medical research and so much more. He was a big supporter of space exploration, and it was his bold statement that we would be the first to put a man on the moon that ultimately got us there. In the 1960s, we cared about space enough to put our money where our mouth was. If we do that today, the return could be tremendous.

What “The Martian” taught us was that Mars can be a place for growth and expansion, and space itself can overcome some limitations such as contamination for experiments to learn more. What if we can find cures for diseases? What if we could learn more about the universe and finally figure out time travel? What if we could increase food production by growing in space? What if we could colonize another planet?

Andy Weir and NASA seem to think so.


The Advantage of Having Many Replication Origins in a Eukaryotic Chromosome

Multiple replication origins cut pregnancy periods by over 500 years.
••• Creatas Images/Creatas/Getty Images

One general characteristic of living cells is that they divide. Before one cell can turn into two, the cell must make a copy of its DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, which contains its genetic information. Eukaryotic cells store DNA in chromosomes enclosed within the membranes of a cell nucleus. Without multiple replication origins, replication would take much longer and slow down cell growth.

DNA 101

DNA is a long-chain molecule with a backbone of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. One of four nucleotide bases -- ring-shaped molecules containing nitrogen -- hangs off each sugar group. Two strands of DNA form a double helix structure in which the base at each sugar location binds to its complementary base on the sister strand. Only certain pairings are allowed, so if you identify a base on one strand, you know the base at the same position on the other strand.

In eukaryotes, chromosomes are cylindrical structures of chromatin, which is a mixture of DNA and histone proteins. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one pair member from each parent. A human chromosome contains about 150 million base pairs. The chromatin is tightly folded to compress the DNA so that it will fit into a cell. If you laid out end to end all the DNA in a human cell, it would measure about 6 feet. For replication to occur, the DNA helix must be uncoiled just prior to copying.

Eukaryotic cells alternate between growth and division, and DNA is replicated during the growth phase. The DNA enters a relaxed state that permits access by DNA polymerase, the enzyme that copies each strand. Another enzyme, helicase, first separates the two stands in a region called a replication origin. Each strand serves as a template for a new strand with a complementary sequence of nucleotide bases. A replication bubble surrounding the polymerase molecule moves along each DNA strand during the copying operation. The old and new strands zip together at the rear of the bubble.

Timing Requirements

DNA polymerase can transcribe eukaryotic chromosomes at a rate of about 50 base pairs per second. If the chromosome had but a single origin of replication, it would take about a month to copy one DNA helix. By using multiple origins, the cell can replicate a helix in about an hour, a 720-fold speedup. During the process, multiple replication bubbles on each chromosome churn out small lengths of DNA that are then spliced together to form the finished product. The advantage of multiple origins is that it allows relatively rapid cell division and organism growth. For example, a human mother would have to carry a fetus for 540 years before giving birth if she had to depend on a single origin of replication on each chromosome.

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Episode:Paradise Creator Sons (Part 3)

From Symmetry of Soul

Creator Sons are achieving the personal realization of the Paradise-divinity potentials bound up in their unfathomable natures. Join us as we explore the destiny of the Master Michaels, their local universes, and us as ascending mortals.

Listen to the broadcast

Keywords: Urantia, Jesus Christ, Universe, Cosmology, Creation

Summary by Kermit

21:6 Destiny of the Master Michaels

We only have the speculation of our authors, in this case, a Perfector of Wisdom, a Trinity origin being, regarding the destiny of the Master Michaels. While partaking of features of absoluteness by virtue of their origin, they remain partial in relation to total infinity and, in this universe age, no superfinite action is discernable.

Their supreme sovereignty appears to signal superfinite capacity, supremacy being a notch above the merely finite.

The supreme Creator pair may attain to absonite levels of service and give origin to new things, meanings, and values on transcendental levels of ultimate universe significance.

So from existential origins of absoluteness, the Master Son comes full circle to experiential absoluteness, becoming “the way the truth and the life” blazing the path for all universe personalities from supreme divinity, through ultimate absonity to eternal deity finality. As creatures we will likely only attain to levels of co-absoluteness.

Paper 55. The Spheres of Light and Life

We examined the working out of the establishing of Trinitarian sovereignty in the realms of time and space.

10. The Fourth or Local Universe Stage

The Mighty Messenger author traces out for us the mobilization and increasing function and influence of Trinity origin beings (such as Inspired Trinity Spirits, Trinity Teacher Sons and the like) as the local universe is settled in light and life, with the concomitant release of the reins of local universe administration by the Master Michael and the Creative Mother Spirit. This transition for the Michael Son is more direct and immediate, while for the Creative Spirit it is more gradual.

We had an illuminating discussion of the contrasting roles of the First Source, God as transcendence and the Paradise Trinity, God as immanence.

In the superuniverse, we participate in evolution towards the eternal state of Havona, the pattern universe, which are the worlds of the Trinity. Thus, more and more we see that which is above manifesting below, i.e. Trinitarian sovereignty.

11. The Minor and Major Sector Stages

We infer from our reading that there must be some minor sectors somewhere that have achieved settledness, but not so with the major sectors.

We note here that the individual stages of light and life on an individual planet, parallel the stages of universe stabilization.

The authors make a major point to the effect that the evolutionary development or spiritual progress of an individual planet or an individual mortal is not in any manner limited or retarded by universe or superuniverse governmental techniques or administrative mechanisms. Neither can environmental limitations even on an isolated world such as ours, thwart the personal attainment of the individual mortal, as exemplified by Jesus, who as a man among men, personally achieved the status of light and life, almost two thousand years ago, right here on Urantia.

12. The Seventh or Superuniverse Stage

The authors infer from Melchizedek teachings that sweeping changes in the entire organization of every unit of creation will accompany a superuniverse settling in light and life. This will be the most profound occurrence in the annals of eternity since the appearance of the central universe.

Some speculate that the Supreme Being himself will emerge and take up residence on Uversa as the almighty and experiential sovereign of the perfected creations of time and space. Again, since the Supreme Being’s personality and spirit nature derive from the Paradise Trinity, Trinitrian sovereignty is manifest.

6. The Individual Mortal

While still mortal, life on spheres settled in light and life is virtually unrecognizable when compared with our planet.

Biologic fitness and physical evolution of man attaints a high level. Senses are extended and population is stationary. Mortals are divided into five to ten groups and allowed differential reproductive rights in accordance with planetary requirements and hereditary endowments. Continued race improvement is achieved through selective reproduction according the superior qualities of a social, philosophic, cosmic, and spiritual nature.

Adjusters continue to come and mortals are increasingly able to commune with them. Advanced mortals experience considerable conscious contact with the presence of the Master Spirit. By the fourth stage of planetary light and life, more than half of planetary inhabitants experience Adjuster fusion while in the flesh.

Evolution attains full development by the fifth epoch, spiritual development is determined by Adjuster-fusion level, there is no limit to the intellectual evolution and the attainment of wisdom. Here we are seeing that the ceiling of the finite is being approached.

Seventh stage worlds witness mortals learning the local universe language, and even the superuniverse language.

If only our fellows could know of these wondrous achievements and supernal destiny which is promised to all who sincerely follow the leading and teaching of the multiform mindal and spirit ministries that conspire to enable our ascension all the way to Paradise.


Perceptron: AI saving whales, steadying gaits and banishing traffic

Over the past few weeks, researchers at MIT have detailed their work on a system to track the progression of Parkinson’s patients by continuously monitoring their gait speed. Elsewhere, Whale Safe, a project spearheaded by the Benioff Ocean Science Laboratory and partners, launched buoys equipped with AI-powered sensors in an experiment to prevent ships from striking whales. Other aspects of ecology and academics also saw advances powered by machine learning.

The MIT Parkinson’s-tracking effort aims to help clinicians overcome challenges in treating the estimated 10 million people afflicted by the disease globally. Typically, Parkinson’s patients’ motor skills and cognitive functions are evaluated during clinical visits, but these can be skewed by outside factors like tiredness. Add to that fact that commuting to an office is too overwhelming a prospect for many patients, and their situation grows starker.

As an alternative, the MIT team proposes an at-home device that gathers data using radio signals reflecting off of a patient’s body as they move around their home. About the size of a Wi-Fi router, the device, which runs all day, uses an algorithm to pick out the signals even when there are other people moving around the room.

In a study published in the journal Science Translational Medicinethe MIT researchers showed that their device was able to effectively track Parkinson’s progression and severity across dozens of participants during a pilot study. For instance, they showed that gait speed declined almost twice as fast for people with Parkinson’s compared to those without, and that daily fluctuations in a patient’s walking speed corresponded with how well they were responding to their medication.

Moving from healthcare to the plight of whales, the Whale Safe project — whose stated mission is to “utilize best-in-class technology with best-practice conservation strategies to create a solution to reduce risk to whales” — in late September deployed buoys equipped with onboard computers that can record whale sounds using an underwater microphone. An AI system detects the sounds of particular species and relays the results to a researcher, so that the location of the animal — or animals — can be calculated by corroborating the data with water conditions and local records of whale sightings. The whales’ locations are then communicated to nearby ships so they can reroute as necessary.

Collisions with ships are a major cause of death for whales — many species of which are endangered. According to research carried out by the nonprofit Friend of the Sea, ship strikes kill more than 20,000 whales every year. That’s destructive to local ecosystems, as whales play a significant role in capturing carbon from the atmosphere. A single great whale can sequester around 33 tons of carbon dioxide on average.

Benioff Ocean Science Laboratory

Image Credits: Benioff Ocean Science Laboratory

Whale Safe currently has buoys deployed in the Santa Barbara Channel near the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. In the future, the project aims to install buoys in other American coastal areas including Seattle, Vancouver and San Diego.

Conserving forests is another area where technology is being brought into play. Surveys of forest land from above using lidar are helpful in estimating growth and other metrics, but the data they produce aren’t always easy to read. Point clouds from lidar are just undifferentiated height and distance maps — the forest is one big surface, not a bunch of individual trees. Those tend to have to be tracked by humans on the ground.

Purdue researchers have built an algorithm (not quite AI but we’ll allow it this time) that turns a big lump of 3D lidar data into individually segmented trees, allowing not just canopy and growth data to be collected but a good estimate of actual trees. It does this by calculating the most efficient path from a given point to the ground, essentially the reverse of what nutrients would do in a tree. The results are quite accurate (after being checked with an in-person inventory) and could contribute to far better tracking of forests and resources in the future.

Self-driving cars are appearing on our streets with more frequency these days, even if they’re still basically just beta tests. As their numbers grow, how should policy makers and civic engineers accommodate them? Carnegie Mellon researchers put together a policy brief that makes a few interesting arguments.

Diagram showing how collaborative decision making in which a few cars opt for a longer route actually makes it faster for most. Image Credits: Carnegie Mellon University

The key difference, they argue, is that autonomous vehicles drive “altruistically,” which is to say they deliberately accommodate other drivers — by, say, always allowing other drivers to merge ahead of them. This type of behavior can be taken advantage of, but at a policy level it should be rewarded, they argue, and AVs should be given access to things like toll roads and HOV and bus lanes, since they won’t use them “selfishly.”

They also recommend that planning agencies take a real zoomed-out view when making decisions, involving other transportation types like bikes and scooters and looking at how inter-AV and inter-fleet communication should be required or augmented. You can read the full 23-page report here (PDF).

Turning from traffic to translation, Meta this past week announced a new system, Universal Speech Translator, that’s designed to interpret unwritten languages like Hokkien. As an Engadget piece on the system notes, thousands of spoken languages don’t have a written component, posing a problem for most machine learning translation systems, which typically need to convert speech to written words before translating the new language and reverting the text back to speech.

To get around the lack of labeled examples of language, Universal Speech Translator converts speech into “acoustic units” and then generates waveforms. Currently, the system is rather limited in what it can do — it allows speakers of Hokkien, a language commonly used in southeastern mainland China, to translate to English one full sentence at a time. But the Meta research team behind Universal Speech Translator believes that it’ll continue to improve.

Illustration for AlphaTensor. Image Credits: DeepMind

Elsewhere within the AI field, researchers at DeepMind detailed AlphaTensor, which the Alphabet-backed lab claims is the first AI system for discovering new, efficient and “provably correct” algorithms. AlphaTensor was designed specifically to find new techniques for matrix multiplication, a math operation that’s core to the way modern machine learning systems work.

To leverage AlphaTensor, DeepMind converted the problem of finding matrix multiplication algorithms into a single-player game where the “board” is a three-dimensional array of numbers called a tensor. According to DeepMind, AlphaTensor learned to excel at it, improving an algorithm first discovered 50 years ago and discovering new algorithms with “state-of-the-art” complexity. One algorithm the system discovered, optimized for hardware such as Nvidia’s V100 GPU, was 10% to 20% faster than commonly used algorithms on the same hardware.


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Black Pepper Ground

Net Wt. 2.0 oz. Jar

Best used on: Steak, Pork, Chicken, Potatoes, and Root Vegetables

Black Pepper is one of the most popular spices in the world.  Nearly every major country, that has a heavy beef or pork diet, will feature Black Pepper as a signature spice. Pepper is also great on vegetables, particularly potatoes and root vegetables. Finally, don't forget to add Black Pepper to soups and stews to enhance the savory flavors featured in those dishes.

Product of India


Top 09 Battle Royale Games To Play in 2022

A battle royale simply refers to a game that combines last-man-standing shooting gameplay and weapon gathering with shrinking playfields that bring the player characters closer together. All who are found outside the zone will be eliminated.

Battle Royale is one of the most beloved video games genres in the gaming world. Since PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds 2017, it has experienced a significant rise in popularity and increased revenues. Battle royales allow you to collect resources, weapons, and gear from hundreds of players scattered across a map. The aim is to defeat all of them and become the last standing player. The impact of battle royale gaming is not something to be dismissed even if you aren’t a fan. Battle royale games have become a very popular genre. This is still the core of battle royales. Many have added additional features to spice things up. Check out the Top 9 best battle Royale Games.

1). Apex Legends

via Gfycat

Apex Legends is the first battle royale title published by EA Sports. It was developed by “Respawn Entertainment”, a different game studio that also created Titanfall and Titanfall 2. It’s a fast-paced, thrilling game.

Legends are characters with different abilities. You will be more strategic and tactically effective if you play all these characters. It is important to know the skills and talents that each legend has before you pick your character. Players will never be bored when they play on 5 different maps with rotation. With every new patch update, they introduce a new legend in the game with an awesome backstory. The latest legend added to the game is Valkyrie.

2). PlayerUnknown Battlegrounds

via Gfycat

PUBG, also known by Player Unknown’s Battlegrounds is one of the most popular Battle Royale games. It is great to play with your friends and can be a satisfying game if you have a good headshot. This is one of the most difficult BR games, due to its unique game mechanics and a wide variety of maps.

100 players are dropped on an island and must fight each other using weapons and attachments in PUBG. You can choose to play solo, duo, or squad. Despite its declining popularity, it is still very popular. The next update will bring a new 8X8 map known as TAEGO. In this map, they have also introduced respawn mechanics and self revive, which is a brand new feature for PUBG.

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3). Call of Duty: Warzone

Warzone is a BR-based game from the latest Modern Warfare. This standalone title will also appeal to players who are not familiar with the original game. Warzone has emerged as the best battle royale game of 2020. It starts with 150 players landing at a fictional location and gathering weapons, ammunition, or other items to fight each other. The vast map, or play area, keeps shrinking. The last man standing is the winner. You can also create teams. Warzone’s unique feature is the Gulag (or prison), which allows players who have been killed in battle royale mode to join another prisoner to get a second chance to enter the game. They also keep engaging players through huge events, and changes in the map.

4). Fortnite: Battle Royale

via Gfycat

Fortnite Battle Royale is a game that exploded the Battle Royale Genre. There are many reasons it is the most loved BR game of all time.

Players can destroy the environment. Because the cover isn’t permanent, players can’t abuse it. A player can shoot down or blow up a tree if they hide behind it.

The loot system works in a similar way to an RPG. Fortnite’s rarities system (White [Common] -Orange [Legendary]) should be well-known to anyone who has ever played the game. The same system is used in World of Warcraft, Borderlands, Diablo, and many other games. Rarely will you find orange loot

The game is faster than PUBG. PUBG can make it difficult to travel around the circle due to an unfortunate drop. It’s refreshing to see a Battle Royale simplify the grind. Around 60 players had left the game before the first circle hit. It is much smaller than PUBG’s map which makes it easier for players to reach the circle. There are no vehicles due to the scale of this map.

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Fortnite’s construction system can be both entertaining and useful. There are four types of scenery the player can build: Foor, Walls, and Ceilings, as well as Foor. The player can also choose from 3 materials. The construction grid allows you to create variations of each object. This is how a player places their wall so that there is a window in the middle of it. Battle Royale games reward creativity. Fortnite’s Battle Royale highlights the best elements of the genre in an engaging way.

Surprisingly, it even has a no build mode where you can’t build anything. This takes away the very thing that made it one of the most popular games of all time. We don’t think the surprising experiments that change the game will stop any time soon.

5). Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodhunt

How can the battle royale genre be made more interesting in 2022? What about adding 45 vampires to the mix? With movement powers, you can disappear in a cloud of smoke or slither up walls. You can also drink the blood of NPC civilians to heal yourself or get other benefits. Don’t worry, though, because these vampires still have a lot of traditional weapons. Powers like force pushes and being invisible go well with the fast-paced gunplay. Happy hunting.

6). Naraka: Bladepoint

A battle royale game with martial arts seems like a new and much-needed addition to the genre. Each of the 60 players has a grappling hook, and they fight each other with swords, spears, fists, and sometimes a huge chainsaw. The animations are quick and don’t feel heavy, the movement is fast and smooth, and, unlike almost every other battle royale game, the tools for making characters are top-notch.

7). Fall Guys

via Gfycat

Although Fall Guys – Ultimate Knockout is fun on its own, it’s much more enjoyable when played with your friends. This is a friendly, but competitive, game where only one person can win the crown. There are many cooperative game modes you can play, so you don’t have to compete with each other. This is a fun party game you can play with friends. With every new season, they bring many maps and game modes to keep the game fun.

Read Also:  Best Isekai Anime To Watch Right Now

8). Spellbreak

via Gfycat

SPELLBREAK is an action-packed fantasy battle royale game that involves spell-slinging and skill, cunning, luck, and all the other elements that make up magic combat. The world in which the game takes place is one where magic use has been made illegal. VowBreakers are those who awaken their latent magic abilities. They are outcasts and hunted because they violate the Vow Mandate’s strict rules. Your goal is to survive and thrive against outlaw Breakers and those loyal to Vow Mandate, who seek to increase their power and find rare artifacts throughout the realm. Players will need to dive into The Fracture to defeat more than 40 other Breakers, in either solo, duo, or team matches. To defeat the opposition, you can use your special elemental skills or combine your magic and secondary spellcraft to unleash powerful combinations of attacks. You will also be able to collect valuable loot from the arcane vaults and equip powerful relics which can dramatically change the course of battle. You will test your skills and be able to win in combat.

9). Minecraft Survival Games

The Minecraft Survival Games is very similar to the Hunger Games. Contestants are spawned around a central point within a circle that surrounds a chest of weapons and other items. The only survivor is then determined by a fight to the death.

Chests are the best place to find loot in Minecraft Hunger Games. To let others know that you have been there, the chest will make a loud noise so while you’re digging through a chest, you can’t see what is happening around you. The player who spams the spacebar and mouse button the fastest wins in Minecraft Hunger Games. To button-mash fast enough against pros takes skill and years of practice.


Arbery, Rittenhouse verdicts reveal progress and terror

Anna Rachwalski

Arbery and Rittenhouse verdicts reveals to the public the precarious balance between the rights of the public and the rights of the individual.

Kelly Tran

Over the Thanksgiving holiday, the nation was forced to grapple with two verdicts. One brought justice to one life that was lost and subsequently spurred on the racial reckoning of the Black Lives Matter movement. The other proved that racial justice in America is still lacking, and forced us to question if there are any victories in a system rife with racial inequities.

On Nov. 24th, 2021, Travis McMichael, his father Gregory McMichael and their neighbor William Bryan were all found guilty for the murder of Ahmaud Arbery. Arbery was a black man killed after jogging in a predominantly white neighborhood in Brunswick. They were also indicted on a variety of other charges, including hate crimes and attempted kidnapping. For some, this verdict brought about a sigh of relief and proof that the criminal justice system was not broken. But the verdict of Kyle Rittenhouse just six days prior proved the Arbery verdict wasn’t as groundbreaking as it would seem.

On Aug. 15, 2020, during the pinnacle of the Black Lives Matter protests, Rittenhouse fatally shot two men and injured another amid protests in Kenosha, Wis. However, after the duration of the two-week trial, the jury would ultimately find Rittenhouse not guilty

The primary spotlight of each case was self-defense. This argument is the reason why Arbery’s killers didn’t walk free, and the reason as to why Rittenhouse did.

Prosecutor Linda Dunikoski successfully constructed a narrative of insufficient justifications by the defense for the explanation of self-defense in the face of Arbery’s killing. In contrast, Rittenhouse’s claims for self-defense held up in the face of the jury and were ultimately the reason he was acquitted. The judge, Bruce Schroeder, even went as far as to say that the term “victim,” couldn’t be used to refer to the men Rittenhouse killed and wounded. Instead “looters” and “rioters” would be allowed, as long as the defense had sufficient evidence to prove all three men engaged in those activities that night.

The Arbery and the Rittenhouse verdict reveal a stark disconnect in the argument of self-defense. The term, somehow, can simultaneously be insufficient in the pursuit of just verdicts, and can be sufficient in acquitting responsibility from the lives lost in Kenosha.

The Rittenhouse verdict revealed how individual rights and the preservation of these rights still play a strong role in our justice system. Beyond that, it revealed how self-defense is a dangerous legal tool, not just for vigilantes but a dangerous legal tool in general for the public. The fact that murder can be justified under the idea of self-defense reveals both the fragility of our legal system and who it is meant to protect.

The nation was able to celebrate the Arbery verdict. But days prior, it was forced to confront the inconsistencies and inequities of a system that they believed was supposed to protect them. Arbery and Rittenhouse show us that progress is not always constant and that it requires consistent effort and dedication. Above all, it shows us the delicate balance between protecting the rights of the individual over those of the public. That scale is tipping towards the direction of the former.


Mars’s crust is more complex than thought

There are areas with a high content of silicon in the crust of Mars. This indicates that it is not as simple as it was thought until now. At the same time, it remains an excellent object for studying the past of our own planet.

Mars’s crust may not be as simple as previously thought. Source:

Mars’s Crust

Mars is the fourth planet of the Solar System. It is much smaller than Earth, so its core cooled down very quickly. As a result, the crust of the planet did not experience such a large-scale melting as the Earth’s. In addition, the atmosphere and hydrosphere of the planet almost disappeared several billion years ago. Consequently, it also did not experience significant erosion.

Therefore, scientists believed that the Martian crust has a very simple structure. It was supposed to consist of only one layer of basalt and be very similar to Earth’s in this respect. Scientists hoped to use it to look into the past of our own planet.

However, the researchers analyzed spectroscopic data collected by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter over the Southern Hemisphere of Mars. They found 9 places, such as craters and cracks, in which the mineral feldspar, extremely rich in silicon, is present in large quantities.

Two theories about Mars’s Past

Scientists do not have an unambiguous answer to the question of how the crust of Mars is formed. There are two main theories. According to the first of them, at the beginning of the planet’s existence, its surface was completely covered by an ocean of lava, as it was with the Earth or the Moon.

According to the second, even at the beginning of its existence, Mars did not have sufficient temperature in the bowels and part of the outer layers remained unfused. New research suggests that the second point of view may well be correct.

Scientists used the THEMIS instrument on board the MRO and made sure that rocks with a high content of silicon are very common in the southern regions of Mars. This is indicated by the data of rovers and Martian meteorites.

It seems that volcanic processes on Mars were much more complicated than a simple ocean of basalt lava, once cooled down forever. In addition, they occurred from the very beginning of the existence of the planet, because the studied rocks are the oldest found on it, their age is 4.2 billion years.

According to


Night mode

Teenage Annie inadvertently takes her mother's laptop instead of her own to visit her father in New Jersey. She quickly realizes that the laptop allows her to pretend to be her mother. She uses this to try to restore her parents' marriage ....

Duration: 83 min


Vintage Eye:Best Omega Constellation Co-Axial Master Chronometer 39-mm

In early 2020, Omega replica watches launched its next-generation constellation series. The refreshed series is considered to have inherited the very popular one-piece bracelet style, and its origin can be traced back to 1952 and 1982. The previous year was the first release of the Constellation series, and its original model is widely known for its old-fashioned “pie plate” dial. The next year is the first major update of the series. Its “Manhattan” design includes an integrated bracelet, Roman numerals and bezel index, as well as four fixed bezel “claws”.

New Constellation Co-Axial Master Chronometer 39-mm Replica Watches

The latest models of this historical series include a diverse lineup of 26 new luxury replica watches with a variety of materials, colors, and jewels designed to satisfy all tastes. Each model uses a 39mm one-piece case, available in steel, steel and rose gold, steel and yellow gold, rose gold or yellow gold, each with a one-piece leather strap or a single-chain one-piece bracelet. In addition to various materials and colors, each model has the same general characteristics. For this case, they include a unique faceted design, and alternate drawing and polishing treatments in different aspects. The flat bezel “claws” and Roman numerals engraved bezel are conspicuously displayed, and there is a slightly conical crown on the right.

On the dial of the best replica watch, we found the applied trapezoidal index of the hour markers, and the small printed marks between the minutes. At the bottom of the face, the trapezoid shape is also used for the date window tilted at 6 o’clock, and the icon with the Omega replica watches’ logo stopped at 12 o’clock, with the words “constellation” below it. In the center are two letter-shaped hands for hours and minutes, while the second hand is a simple hand. Just below the hands is the name of the watch movement “coaxial chronograph”, plus a small asterisk, which is a reference to the Milky Way of the watch. The name nodded subtly.

The latest version of Constellation brings the series into the modern era, and its appearance is more sporty than its predecessor in the historical series, which tends to adopt a more refined and formal style. In modern updates, we have seen a larger case diameter and thickness, which makes the watch more durable. Compared with the integrated single-chain sports luxury watch, the integrated single-chain metal bracelet and leather single-strap link options can help better position the watch. In addition, the updated coaxial axis master timer movement helps to further distinguish the modern technical performance of this model, and Omega replica is keen on this 39mm package.


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PIC - Challenger 300/350 at Jetlinx

PIC - Challenger 300/350

Jetlinx Scottsdale, AZ Full-Time
Pilot in Command - Challenger 300/350

Full-Time - Scottsdale, AZ

Jet Linx is seeking qualified Pilot in Command candidates for our Super Midsize jet aircraft for Part 91 and 135 flight operations. It is expected that the candidate lives, or be willing to relocate, within a 2-hour call out time of their home base.

Position Summary

The Pilot in Command (PIC) reports directly to the Base Chief Pilot. The PIC prepares and ensures the safe and efficient operation of company aircraft in accordance with the Federal Aviation Regulations and company procedures.

Minimum Requirements

* Total Time - 4000 hours
* Total PIC - 3000 hours
* Total PIC in Type - 250 hours
* Total Multi-Engine - 15000 hours
* Total Multi-Engine PIC - 250 hours
* Total Turbine - 500 hours
* Strong Customer Service and Communication Skills
* Proactive decision-making skills

We offer competitive compensation as well as a range of benefits, including:

* Medical, dental and vision insurance
* 12 Duty Days and 23 nights at home on average per month
* PTO with an additional floating holiday
* 401k plan with a 100% company match up to 6% of the employee's salary
* Cell phone stipend
* Company-paid long-term and short-term disability coverage
* Company-paid Life insurance
* And many more amazing benefits!
* To learn more, please visit our website:

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  • Aviation
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