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Two Rabbits Need to Get to Know One Another

Two Rabbits Need to Get to Know One Another

To successfully Present two rabbits, You Will Find three Important rules That must be followed:

  1. The Ideal pairing is female and male

In the wild, rabbits have a tendency to dwell in pairs of male/female and will occasionally stay with the exact same spouse for life. Each female (doe) will have her very own nesting burrow along with the man (dollar ) will frequently sleep along with her. This is consequently the most natural pairing for national rabbits too. Young anglers not yet found at a pair have a tendency to be comparatively solitary, hanging round the borders of their warren.

Two Rabbits Need to Get to Know One Another

This isn’t to say that exact same sex pairings are hopeless but they are normally somewhat trickier. The best chance of succeeding would be to get two brothers or two sisters in precisely the exact same mess and de-sex them whenever possible.

Aside from the obvious reason for preventing pregnancy, this can be essential for many reasons. An unspayed doe will probably be territorial and aggressive, will suffer with phantom pregnancies and, most significant, has a roughly 80 percent of esophageal cancer before age 5 when abandoned unspayed.

  1. Introductions must be obtained lightly

A set that’s put together prematurely might have a garbage and never really recover from the trauma of it.

Phase 1 – Planning

If one or all those rabbits has been lately de-sexed, you have to wait till the hormones have fully diminished.

To begin with, the rabbits will need to be kept independent. In case you’ve got hutch rabbits, then provide them a hutch every facing each other or, if big enough, then divide the duplex using a safe wire partition. In case you have home rabbits, then place them in different rooms with a baby gate or comparable dividing them. As an alternative, you might restrict both of these in puppy cage (s). The main issue is that the rabbits can smell and see each other and can get burnout without having the ability to bite.

Notice: it is simpler to present a female into a man’s living room than vice versa. Therefore, when introducing a fresh man bunny to your doe, it is a fantastic idea to place him to the doe’s living room and move elsewhere.

Should You Give Two Rabbits time To Repay?

Give the rabbits lots of time to repay. They’ll be quite curious about one another and will spend time in the barrier, checking out each other. It will help to have a fantastic comprehension of bunny body language – for instance, rabbits will turn their back to signify disinterest or even disapproval, or may roll onto their hands when relaxed.

When there’s any tried biting through the pubs, or some other growling and lunging, don’t try a face to face meeting. It is helpful to nourish them both in the barrier in order that they get accustomed to eating together. A fantastic sign is if the rabbits decide to lie or sit down together in the obstruction.

Much is dependent upon every rabbit’s character, what they’ve been through in their last and how comfortable they feel in their property.

As soon as you’re confident that the rabbits are utilized to each other rather than displaying any competitive behavior, you are able to move to confront face introductions. It’s important that this occurs at a neutral place i.e. someplace that does not belong to rabbit.

For outside rabbits, you can use a garage section off a place of the backyard. For home rabbits, a kitchen or bathroom is normally a fantastic option. The space has to be large enough that the anglers are able to move around freely and it will help to supply a cardboard box or even comparable bolthole a worried rabbit can retire . Make certain there’s not anything in the distance that may harm the rabbits should they collide with this.

When To Place Two Rabbits Together?

Whenever you’re ready, place both rabbits at the area and crouch down together, stroking them for a moment or 2. When you launch them, These situations may occur:

  1. 1 bunny immediately strikes another. This is quite rare but unmistakeable as it occurs. The bunny on the receiving end of this assault can become bitten or scratched and you’ll have to intervene immediately. Because of this it’s a fantastic idea to put on a thick pair of gloves to your very first introduction. If it occurs, return to Stage 1.
  2. 1 bunny begins chasing another and trying to mount him. A doe could mount a dollar and vice versa. They might also attempt to mount in the wrong conclusion – this could be harmful if the doe snacks the man’s genitals so gently divide them if this occurs. This pursuing and mounting may persist for a while over many meetings and is your anglers’ manner of working out in which they each stand. If the bunny being chased becomes overly worried, distinguish them.
  3. They will likely sniff each other around and can chase each other round but both are definitely enjoying the adventure.

Assuming your anglers follow the most probable situation of stage 2., let them 10 minutes or so collectively for your initial meeting. Supervise them constantly. Every couple differs and some might bond in days while others take months.

If at all possible, give a bolthole for your bunny which has been chased, so that he/she can escape to and another bunny can not reach (by way of instance, our doe utilized to leap onto the bed to escape her new buddy – he could not jump that high).

The important sign to keep an eye out for is when the rabbits quit taking note of one another and begin to explore their environment rather, nibble on a few food or use the litter tray. Now you can let them more time together but keep to manage.

What Are Some Bonding Hints For Two Rabbits?

Rabbits who are being stressed through an external influence are more inclined to turn to each other for relaxation. Therefore, it can sometimes help to take the rabbits to get a car ride together in adjacent boxes
that you can sometimes promote a bunny to groom another by massaging it by placing some mashed up apple or banana on the other bunny’s head or rear.

And finally, do not forget that bonding is likely advisable for us than to your rabbits. It’s tough to watch a seemingly stressed bunny being plagued by another, but this really is a natural process and the rabbits’ method of doing things. Finally they will need to work out it and we simply have to see and make sure they remain secure.

How Do You Know If Rabbits Like Each Other?

If you’re thinking about getting two new rabbits, you might be wondering, “How do I know if my two new friends like each other?” You’ve probably seen the advertisements, and wondered what it takes to make your animals get along. In reality, this process is actually quite simple. Simply put, it takes time for your two new furry friends to bond. The process of bonding starts by introducing the rabbits in an unfamiliar space. Bathrooms are the perfect place for this. During the meeting, you should remain on the floor and crouch down to their level. If possible, remove anything that may harm either of them.

Observe their interactions with other rabbits. Whether one of them likes the other or not is completely subjective. If the two animals are interacting well, it’s a good indication that they’re compatible. Eventually, they’ll spend more time together and may even cuddle next to each other. As a result, they’ll start to form bonds and will eventually start spending more time together.

It’s important to remember that your rabbits are likely to fight. This is natural, as they’re small and very vulnerable. That’s why they’re territorial and opinionated. In fact, many animal lovers consider rabbits as the most intelligent of all pets. So, when you see two rabbits interacting with each other, you can make sure they’ll stay together. If you want your new companions to remain close, you should keep your two apart until they’ve become fully bonded.

When a rabbit meets a potential mate, he should spend time with him. If you find that they seem interested in one another, you can select a rabbit to pair up with. If they’re both friendly and seem interested in each other, the bonding process should take place. It’s crucial to remember that you need to be patient in finding the right match, as it may take a while to establish a relationship.

If the rabbits seem to like each other, they should spend some time together. They should first meet each other before mating, and it is best to choose the one where both seem to be interested. You can also watch their behavior and pick out the best potential mate by observing differences in behavior. Once they’re familiar with each other, you can introduce them to each other. You’ll see that both of them will be happy and healthy.

The most common sign that your rabbits like each other is that they’re happy with each other. When they’re babies, they’ll usually bond with the older ones. During this time, the hormones will kick in and the rabbits will become more aggressive than before. During this time, the older ones will be more likely to attack each other. Fortunately, this is rare if the rabbits have been introduced correctly.

When introducing rabbits, watch their behaviour. Initially, both will be wary of each other. They might try to mount the other one. This is a sign of dominance. It is normal for two to play rough with one another, but if they don’t feel comfortable, the rabbits might not like each other. If they don’t get along, they might be aggressive to each other.

Once they’ve become acquainted, they’ll begin to mimic each other. Over time, they’ll bond together and become best friends. Eventually, they’ll even be bonded. Mutual grooming is the most common sign of a bonded pair. Both rabbits will lick and snuffle each other. When they’re a couple, they’ll be more likely to bond.

It’s important to understand that rabbits can coexist peacefully with each other if they’re properly socialized. The relationship can be long-term and mutually beneficial. Bunnies will likely grow closer over time. They’ll likely spend more time together and cuddle with each other. It’s also important to remember that you shouldn’t rush the process of bonding. The first step is to observe your new pets in neutral territory.

How to Introduce Two Rabbits Together

The first step to introducing two rabbits together is to prepare them both for the new situation. Make sure that you keep a towel nearby so that you can separate them quickly if they start to fight or get aggressive. You should begin by introducing the rabbits to each other over a short period of time. You can gradually increase the time that the rabbits spend together. After two hours, the rabbits will be ready to live together and bond.

The rabbits can be introduced for short periods in neutral territory. They should be separated immediately if they start to fight. They can be left together for a day or two until they become friends. Remember to keep an eye on the rabbits and don’t let them touch each other. It’s also a good idea to use toys, hiding places, and tunnels to distract them. Just make sure there’s enough room for both of them.

Using a baby gate to separate them is a good way to prevent fights. Rabbits should meet in an unfamiliar territory such as a bathroom or the kitchen. You should get down on their level so that they can see each other. Make sure they’re separated by a baby gate to avoid any harm to each other. Always supervise them while they’re together. If they begin to fight, remove them and try again another time.

Once the rabbits meet, make sure they’re both in different cages. You don’t want the animals to fight. It’s better to let them meet one another as equals in a space that’s not too crowded. They should be able to see each other, but not touch each other. Once they’re accustomed to each other, you can leave them alone and supervise them.

Before introducing the rabbits together, you need to make sure that the rabbits are not afraid of each other. Keeping them separated will prevent any chance of a fight. You should also separate them when they’re not with their owner. This is especially important if you’re introducing two young rabbits to each other. When the rabbits have fully bonded, they’ll be more likely to accept each other.

You should introduce the two rabbits together in an area where they’re comfortable and safe. You should keep a close watch on both animals, and keep an eye out for signs of fighting. If the rabbits appear friendly, they can be introduced in a larger space. If this happens, they’ll soon be best friends. In fact, you’ll never have to worry about the safety of your rabbits in a new room.

During the introduction, rabbits are likely to fight. This is natural behavior, but you need to be careful not to hurt the rabbits. If they do start to fight, separate them immediately. If they show signs of becoming friends, you can then introduce them to each other. Once the rabbits are comfortable in each other’s home, it’s time to move on to the next step. They’ll need to bond with each other and feel safe. If you’ve already made some progress, you can then move on to introducing them to each other.

Before introducing the rabbits together, make sure they are in separate rooms. The rabbits must be a part of each other’s territory before they can bond. If one starts fighting, it’s best to separate the two rabbits immediately. If the rabbits are showing signs of friendship, you can introduce them to each other in the next room. Then, you can let them go out for a short while until the two of you are sure that they’ll be able to tolerate each other.

To introduce the rabbits, it’s best to separate them at first. If they start fighting, immediately separate them until the rabbits calm down. If they seem to be friends, you can move them into a separate room. If they don’t get along, you can always introduce them again later. Eventually, both rabbits will get along. They’ll get used to each other and bond. Then, you can go in for the big event.

How to Introduce a New Rabbit to an Old One

A successful introduction is the first step in introducing a new rabbit to an existing animal. When introducing a new rabbit, choose a neutral territory. This will help them get to know each other and be less protective of the other. If the new rabbit and the old one are not compatible, you will need to separate them for a while. If the new rabbit and the old one get along well, you can gradually introduce them to bigger areas.

If the two rabbits are not compatible, you can try introducing them to each other. The first meeting between the two should take place in a space with little distractions and toys for them to explore. Then, gradually build the time spent together. It may take weeks for the rabbits to be comfortable with each other. During this time, you should supervise the new addition and the old one.

When introducing a new rabbit to an old one, you must consider the two rabbits’ temperaments. They are territorial and can get aggressive. It’s best to introduce the two rabbits in a room separate from the old one’s territory. If you are unable to do this, you can use a cage that doesn’t have bars. The rabbits should meet in a small, quiet area, where they can easily sniff each other. Once they feel safe, they may choose to cuddle and even play.

A few hours, a week, or a day or two is enough time for a successful introduction. The two rabbits should meet in a separate room and avoid fighting and jumping on each other. They should be left alone until they’ve bonded. The introduction should begin in a new space and on neutral territory. In the meantime, the new rabbit should have food dishes, toys, and a place to explore.

It is best to introduce the two rabbits on a neutral territory. This will ensure that they don’t fight each other and are not afraid of each other. The introduction process should last between a few hours and a week, depending on the temperament of the new rabbit. Once they have gotten used to each other, it’s best to separate them for now and work on their relationship.

The first step is to find a neutral area where both rabbits will be comfortable and will not fight. The introduction period can vary depending on the personalities of the two animals. When introducing a new rabbit to an old one, make sure that the space is not in a hostile environment. Initially, the rabbit may just cuddle with the other and snuggle together. This is a sign that they are safe and happy with each other.

The introduction period between the two rabbits can vary greatly, but the first few days should be sufficient. They should be introduced to each other in a small, neutral space. When they are familiar with each other, they will likely try to play together and share toys. If they aren’t comfortable with each other, they will be able to defend their territory and be more aggressive. When the new rabbits are separated, they should be supervised and it may take weeks before they are comfortable enough to interact.

The introduction period should be as short as possible. Generally, the longer the period is, the better. However, it is still a good idea to use a neutral area, as the two animals must be on the same wavelength in order to bond. The rabbits should be allowed to interact with each other, and it is a good idea to try to make them comfortable by introducing them to neutral territory.

It is important to remember that rabbits have territorial natures and are territorial. This makes it vital to separate the two animals when introducing a new rabbit to an old one. This is because a new rabbit may feel threatened by the other, which may cause a vicious battle. Besides, the other rabbit will most likely want to protect its territory by biting, and vice versa. A successful introduction will be safe and stress-free for both parties.

How Long Does It Take For Two Rabbits to Get Used to Each Other?

Generally, it takes at least two months for a pair of rabbits to bond. However, a neutered doe and buck may not get along immediately, and you need to give them more time apart. A couple of short exposures daily are enough to encourage bonding. After this period, if you see that the bunnies are interacting well and seem friendly towards each other, it is time to introduce them to a larger space.

If your rabbits are avoiding each other, you should introduce them in a location where they are unfamiliar. A bathroom is a good place for this. You should stand on the floor with both rabbits and crouch down. Remove any items that could potentially hurt your rabbits. Once they feel comfortable with each other, you can leave them alone. Once they are completely at ease around each other, they’ll bond more quickly.

If you’re worried about your rabbits’ relationship, it’s best to separate them for awhile until you can see whether they get along. While bonding between rabbits is a great thing, it’s important to remember that the process is not linear. It’s best to treat the process as a gradual process. You may have to give your new pets more space to play and less time to mate. Eventually, they’ll start grooming each other and lying together.

After a week of daily interaction, your rabbits will start bonding. The two will bond as they become more familiar with each other. Then, if the pair is getting along, it’s safe to leave them together. You should also remember to separate them when you’re not home. The rabbits may not get along at first, but they’ll bond with each other over time.

In general, it takes 10 minutes for two rabbits to bond with each other. It’s important not to let the rabbits fight too soon. It’s normal for them to nibble each other. It doesn’t mean that they should fight, though. It’s better to allow them to be alone in neutral places. If one of them has aggressive behavior, it’s best to keep them in separate enclosures for a while.

Once the rabbits get used to each other, they can move into the same home. But it’s essential to keep a close watch on them during the first couple of weeks to make sure they don’t fight with each other. If they fight, separate them immediately. Once the rabbits have bonded, they’ll be able to live together safely. Just make sure that you’re always wearing closed-toed shoes.

After two rabbits have bonded, you can introduce them to each other more frequently. The longer they spend together, the faster they will become accustomed to each other. It’s important to avoid the use of cages with more than one rabbit. Even though the rabbits are not allowed to fight each other, they can be teasing each other. It’s also important to be gentle when the rabbits are not aware of each other’s presence.

When a pair of rabbits gets used to each other, they’ll likely be more secure and comfortable together. They should groom each other and trust each other to stay out of each other’s way. If these are not mutually destructive, the rabbits are probably ready to move in together. If you’re not able to keep them apart, you’ll have to wait even longer.

A pair of rabbits can be introduced together for short periods in neutral territory, but it is recommended to supervise the process. The rabbits should be separated at the first sign of tension, and you should avoid putting them in the same room for long periods of time. A pair of rabbits may also have different personalities. It is essential to separate them at the first sign of aggression between the two.


The Benefactor (2015)

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A newly married couple are forced to navigate the all-consuming interest of a powerful, mysterious, and possessive philanthropist.


Responsive Communication

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As you know, effective communications are key for not only effective relationships but also to an effective and joyful life. In any exchange, we learn to hear and accept the deeper feelings and under-the-surface needs of ourselves and others. Instead of our usual reactions and unconscious patterns (such as defending, attacking or withdrawing) we practice expressing ourselves more authentically, lovingly, and effectively with one another. Through improved awareness and practice, our words become powerful responses that elevate the well-being of everyone around.

So – how do we get there? Like most things, practice makes perfect. Here are the essential ingredients to be practiced in our pursuit of Responsive Communication:

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The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the primary US federal regulatory body for the securities industry. The SEC is responsible for promoting full disclosure and protecting investors against fraudulent and manipulative practices in the securities markets.

The SEC enforces the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Investment Advisers Act. There are five SEC commissioners, who are appointed by the US President.


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Vallo di Nera, Perugia

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This paper reports a numerical study of the heat transfer characteristics of porous radiant burners, which have significant advantages over conventional burners. The heat transfer characteristics are investigated using a one-dimensional conduction, convection, and radiation model. The combustion phenomenon is modeled as spatially dependent heat generation. Nonlocal thermal equilibrium between the gas and solid phases is accounted for by using separate energy equations for the two phases. The solid matrix is assumed to emit, absorb, and scatter radiant energy. The spherical harmonics approximation is used to solve the radiative transfer equation. The coupled energy equations and the radiative transfer equations are solved using a numerical iterative procedure. The effects of the various factors on the performance of porous radiant burners are determined. It is revealed that for a given rate of heat generation, large optical thicknesses and high heat transfer coefficients between the solid and gas phases are desirable for maximizing radiant output. Also, low solid thermal conductivities, scattering albedos and flow velocities, and high inlet environment reflectivities produced high radiant output.

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What is poetry?

What is poetry?

Sonnet Example

Types of poems

Haiku Example

Literary devices

Types of poems:

An acrostic is a poem where the first letter of each line spells out a word.

A haiku is a poem that consists of only three lines with 17 syllables in total. The first line has 5 syllables, the second has 7, and the last has 5.

An ode is a formal poem that addresses and celebrates a certain thing, person, place, or idea.

A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem that adheres to a certain rhyme scheme and a thematic organization. The two main kinds of sonnets are Shakespearean and Petrarchan sonnets.

A villanelle is a nineteen-line poem made up of five tercets (groups of three lines) and one quatrain (a group of four lines), with a very strict rhyme scheme.

Free verse poems lack a rhyme scheme or metrical pattern.

Poetry is a kind of literature that uses language chosen for its meaning, sound, and rhythm to evoke meaning that goes beyond the literal meaning of the words used, or create an emotional response in the reader.

Poetry uses literary devices to evoke an emotional response or to allow for a different interpretation of the words. Poetry employs devices such as alliteration, onomatopoeia, assonance, symbolism, metaphor, simile, and more.

Alliteration describes when the same letter or sound occurs at the beginning of words near each other. Example: “Sheep should sleep in a shed”

Onomatopoeia is the process of creating a word that refers to a certain sound, and mimics the sound it describes. Example: The word “meow” refers to a cat’s meow but also sounds like a cat’s meow when said out loud.

Assonance describes when similar sounds (especially vowel sounds) are placed near each other. Example: “Go slow over the road.” In this sentence, the long o sound is repeated.

Symbolism describes the use of symbols to represent something else (ideas, qualities, or objects) by giving them symbolic meaning that is different from their literal meaning. Example: A dove is often used as a symbol of peace.

Simile is a figure of speech which compares one thing to something different. In a simile, it is okay to use “like” or “as.” Example: “Fast as a cheetah” or “Crazy like a fox”

Metaphor is a figure of speech in which two things which are unlike each other are compared

“The Old Pond” by Matsuo Bashō

An old silent pond

A frog jumps into the pond—

Splash! Silence again.

Acquainted with the Night

By Robert Frost

I have been one acquainted with the night.

I have walked out in rain—and back in rain.

I have outwalked the furthest city light.

I have looked down the saddest city lane.

I have passed by the watchman on his beat

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I have been one acquainted with the night.


Computer World

U.S. Intelligence Agency Aims To Develop Superconducting Computer

Computer WorldWhy on earth would we need to study and study dead” languages? If they are lifeless, shouldn’t we give them respect by leaving them alone and letting them rest in peace? That could easily be the reaction any of us give after we hear that studying dead” languages may be very useful. But the understanding of what a dead language is must be obtained earlier than giving any answer to those questions.

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Is ponytail palm toxic?

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asked Jun 23 in Gardening by Ameristands (950 points)
Is ponytail palm toxic?

1 Answer

0 votes
answered Jun 29 by Cathy21 (48,860 points)
Ponytail palms are not toxic and are safe around pets, children, dogs and cats.

The benefits of a ponytail palm is that when kept indoors the ponytail palm helps to clean the air and rid your home of toxins.

You'll breathe easier and be healthier when having a ponytail palm indoors.

The ponytail palm tree has become a popular houseplant, and it is easy to see why.

It's sleek bulb-like trunk and lush, long curly leaves make it visually stunning, and the fact that a ponytail palm is forgiving and easy in its care makes this an ideal houseplant for many people.

A ponytail palm symbolizes strong willed, free spirit, always on the move, loves to travel, loves intensely, warm hearted, eternal optimist, and loves to travel.

Ponytail palms can reach heights of around 30 feet outdoors although most ponytail palms that are indoors reach only 10 feet or less.

The ponytail palms don't grow fast and actually the ponytail palm is slow growing.

The ponytail palm grows quite slowly outdoors, which means it grows less than 12 inches each year.

It grows to between 12 and 18 feet tall when mature, with a spread of 10 to 15 feet, giving it an irregular, upright shape.

A ponytail palm can get as cold as 15 F to 20 F degrees but only for a short amount of time.

The ponytail palm does best in warm temperatures so it's best to keep the ponytail palm indoors to prevent it from freezing.

For ponytail palms to grow and thrive properly they need full sun and bright light.

Please the ponytail palm plant near a window that gets lots of sun and have the blinds or curtains open to allow the ponytail palm to get plenty of sunlight.

You can place your ponytail palm plant outside when it's warm or when you live in a warm climate.

Although if it gets cold you need to move the ponytail palm back inside for it to thrive as the cold weather can kill the ponytail palm.

A ponytail palm is an indoor plant although if you live in a warmer climate then you can plant and grow the ponytail palm outdoors as well.

If you live in a very warm climate like that found in U.S.

Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 11, growing ponytail palm outdoors is entirely feasible.

They can grow to 30 feet (9 m.) tall, but rarely do as houseplants.

When caring for a ponytail palm the ponytail palm should be watered once every two weeks.

The bulb at the base of the ponytail palm stores water for the plant.

If your plant is hydrated, then the bulb looks filled and lively.

However, if the bulb looks wrinkled, deflated, or shrunken, the plant needs water.

Hence, if you notice a shrunken deflated bulb, your plant is thirsty!

Bottom watering a ponytail palm is a good way to water the ponytail palm.

You can also just simply water the ponytail palm from the top like you do other plants but just don't over water them.

The ponytail palms can go long periods without water.

Allow the top 2 to 3 inches of soil to dry out between waterings and then give the plant a good soak.

You should not water plants everyday as plants don't require a daily watering and it could cause over watering of the plants which can do more harm than good.

Instead do a deep watering every few days or 2 to 3 times per week.

Also only water the plants in the early morning hours or evening hours after the sun goes down during the summer.

You need to create different zones, so plants with similar needs go together.

Water deeply one or two times a week instead of short spurts every other day.

Watering every other day for 15 minutes at a time may be convenient for you, but it can be disastrous for your plants.

Frequent shallow watering causes a plant's roots to grow near the soil surface, where they quickly dry out.

If you have a potted plant, slowly pour water to the base of the stem; let the soil absorb it and wait for the excess water to exit through the drainage holes of the pot.

This is to make sure that every single root of the plant gets water.

If your plants have yellowing leaves and old leaves, as well as new leaves that are falling at the same accelerated rate, you are overwatering.

In most cases, your overwatered plant will recover in 7 – 14 days if you follow the steps above.

If there was extensive damage, it may take longer.

But if there were enough healthy roots, it usually only takes about two weeks to see improvement.

If you are unsure how long to water new plants, aim for 30-60 seconds for small plants – longer for larger plants while moving the hose to a few locations around the plant.

Avoid watering when the soil feels moist.

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2022 Cost of Living Calculator

Cost of Living scores and indexes are a way to compare the overall price of goods and services between different areas of the United States. The national average is 100, so when you look at a place’s COL Index you can instantly see how much more or less you’ll have to pay to live there.

If a place has a cost of living index of 135, then it is 35% more expensive to live there than the national average. If a place has a cost of living index of 85, then it is 15% cheaper than the average for the entire country.

The biggest factor in Cost of Living is housing costs – buying a house or apartment, or renting one.

You get a custom cost of living comparison that includes housing, food, utilities, transportation, healthcare costs (including premiums and common surgeries), taxes, and child care prices.

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Mike Phelan, director of the Marriage and Respect Life Office for the Diocese of Phoenix, stopped in my office for a chat this morning at the Diocesan Pastoral Center. He was getting ready to speak with young adult leaders about defending marriage in a culture that is trying to redefine it.

He turned me on to this defense by Sherif Girgis, Ryan T. Anderson and Robert P. George.

What-is-Marriage-Cover2Until recently, no society had questioned whether marriage would be anything other than a male-female union. What Is Marriage? identifies and defends the reasons for this historic consensus and shows why redefining civil marriage is unnecessary, unreasonable, and contrary to the common good. What Is Marriage? answers common objections: that the historic view of marriage is rooted in bigotry; that it is callous to people’s needs; or that it can’t show the harm of recognizing same-sex couplings.

Originally published in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, the book’s core argument quickly became the year’s most widely read essay on the most prominent scholarly network in the social sciences. Since then, it has been cited and debated by scholars and activists throughout the world as the most formidable defense of the tradition ever written. Join us as authors Sherif Girgis, Ryan T. Anderson, and Robert P. George discuss about what marriage is, why it matters, and how to talk about it.

Here’s the abstract Anderson’s “Marriage: What It Is, Why It Matters, and the Consequences of Redefining It”:

Marriage is based on the truth that men and women are complementary, the biological fact that reproduction depends on a man and a woman, and the reality that children need a mother and a father. Redefining marriage does not simply expand the existing understanding of marriage; it rejects these truths. Marriage is society’s least restrictive means of ensuring the well-being of children. By encouraging the norms of marriage—monogamy, sexual exclusivity, and permanence—the state strengthens civil society and reduces its own role. The future of this country depends on the future of marriage. The future of marriage depends on citizens understanding what it is and why it matters and demanding that government policies support, not undermine, true marriage.


Zombicide: Chronicles is one of the latest arrivals in the house Need Games. This role-playing game, born from the famous board game Zombicide published by CMON, fully traces the atmosphere of his "relative".
The goal of the game is simple: to survive. In this game you will play the survivors of a zombie apocalypse. You will be called to work together, trust your companions, create ever new strategies to fight the plague and survive together.
Then, boy, there's Ottone. For this alone it must be played!
But let's take a look at the manual in its entirety and the opinions on the game together!

Cover Zombicide: Chronicles
Role play cover Zombicide: Chronicles

Analysis of the chapters of the manual Zombicide: Chronicles

In this paragraph we will analyze all the chapters of Zombicide: Chronicles, focusing, in particular, on Survivors and Game.

Chapter 1 - Introduction

In this chapter we can find an introduction to the role-playing game of Zombicide, on who are the survivors, on the role of the "players" and on that of the "gamemaster".
There is a handbook of some rules and advice on what these roles are. In this chapter the structure of the game with its is also mentioned Refuge phase, an introductory part to the game where the PCs check the resources at their disposal and gather information, and the Mission phase, where the Survivors leave their Refuge for the real adventure.
Lastly, it explains what is needed to play, i.e. card, dice and adrenaline counter, and how they work during the game.

Chapter 2 - Survivors

The second chapter talks about Survivors, that is the individuals that the players will play.
There are twelve archetypes already pre-generated, with the possibility of buying miniatures separately, and the rules for creating your own Survivor from scratch, in nine steps, always starting from one of the twelve archetypes presented earlier in the chapter.
This section concludes with seven tables on which to randomly roll to decree how your Survivor learned about the epidemic, his first experience as a witness, his first Zombicide and much more.

The second part of the chapter goes into the specifics of the Attributes, Skills and other numerical and regulatory characteristics that define your Survivor.

- Attributes that determine the basic abilities of the Survivor are three: Muscles (strength and toughness), Brain (intellect and reasoning) and Liver (personality and discipline) of the Survivor.
Le Expertise instead they are the strengths and weaknesses of the character and they are six: Athletics (physicality and coordination), Background (previous experiences), Combat (both in melee and at a distance), Perception (the shot eye and the ability to explore), Survival (the ability to recover and repair useful objects) and Style (or personality). Skills are always associated with at least three actions: for example, the Athletics actions are Prowess, Stealth and Stamina, in turn associated with one of the three Attributes. Then there are the other stats like Stress, Hit Points, Adrenaline and Skill.

The chapter closes with the initial equipment, the Refuge (which refers to a separate section later) and advice on the first mission.

Chapter 3 - The game

Chapter three is the focus of the manual, where all the rules are explained in full.
Il game system it's very simple: a dice pool is created equal to the sum of the Attribute of the Proficiency linked to the action the character wants to undertake. At this point an equal number of six-sided dice are rolled. A molotov cocktail (equivalent to 6) on the die indicates a success, a zombie head (a 1) is a failure, while the numbers 2 to 5 indicate a failure which can be transformed into success by achieving Stress. The number of Molotovs obtained indicates whether the success is ordinary, superior or extraordinary. All modifiers tested, whether positive or negative, turn into more or less dice to roll.

The game uses dice of two different colors: the game-specific ones are black and white.
The white dice are defined standard nuts, while the black ones are said dice mastery. The latter come into play when more than six dice are rolled. The difference between these nuts is best explained in the manual.

The chapter proceeds with the section on combat, which sees the Survivors acting first and then the Zombies, indicating the latter's slowness.
Interestingly, ranged weapons are used before the actual fight begins, in the named phase Opening shots. This is where the Survivors fire one or more shots, depending on the range of the weapon, at the zombies that are heading towards them. Once this phase is over, we move on to the actual action. It's time to do some ZOMBICIDE.
The chapter then proceeds with the Survivor's Equipment, Skills, and leveling up.

Chapter 4 - Managing the Game

This chapter is dedicated to the Gamemaster.
In addition to various tips, there are rules for prolonged actions, opposing actions, rules for searching with tables for random finds, rules for camps when Survivors are on a mission, and many more.

The most interesting part of the chapter is the one concerning the organization of the Zombicide. It then deals with the clash with the dead and the Zombipedia, or the section on the various types of zombies that can be encountered and how to integrate them into a horde.
The second part of the chapter sees particular zombies, animal zombies and Non-Playing Survivors, or the Survivors managed by the Gamemaster with relative rules for clashes with the latter. And how TWD e Z Nation they teach us, other Survivors are often worse than the zombies themselves.
The chapter ends with the Mission phase, with the various types available, ea Refuge phase, ranging from inventory control to mission planning through specific actions. In this phase there is the preparation of the various resources and environments with which the Refuge can be "furnished", such as the Alarm, which prevents the Survivors from being taken by surprise.

Chapter 5 - The World of Zombicide: Chronicles

The last chapter of the manual talks aboutsetting.
This is where we see a generic post-outbreak city. Each of the ten neighborhoods described here has a Threat Level, a list of available Mission Types and a generic and specific description of some places within it. For example, the Amusement Zone has a Threat Level 3 and you can undertake the missions Finding a New Refuge, Making Contact and Rescue. Here you will find the Stadium, the Luna Park, the Multiplex and the Beach. Obviously, this is just one of the examples of the neighborhood that you can find.

Conclusions on Zombicide: Chronlices

Zombicide: Chronicles it is quick and easy to understand, just like the board game it was born from. There are few basic mechanics, so even newbies will be able to identify with their Survivor immediately.
The one-shot played was very simple. A trivial recovery of basic necessities in a supermarket full of zombies. One little thing, you might say. Instead, the DRAMS! As I imagined, everyone had a great time and the game rarely stopped to clarify the mechanics, mostly in combat.
I'd be interested in trying a slightly longer campaign, to see how the game works in the long run. For one-shot the result was excellent and surely the players will want to continue playing to discover every corner of the City described in the manual.
So immerse yourself in the world of Zombicide: Chronicles. And let the Zombicide begin!


Applied Energy, Vol.241, 229-244, 2019
Short-term forecasting and uncertainty analysis of wind turbine power based on long short-term memory network and Gaussian mixture model
Wind power plays a leading role in the development of renewable energy. However, the random nature of wind turbine power and its associated uncertainty create challenges in dispatching this power effectively in the power system, which can result in unnecessary curtailment of the wind turbine power. Improving the accuracy of wind turbine power forecasting is an effective measure for resolving such problems. This study uses a deep learning network to forecast the wind turbine power based on a long short-term memory network (LSTM) algorithm and uses the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to analyze the error distribution characteristics of short-term wind turbine power forecasting. The LSTM algorithm is used to forecast the power and uncertainties for three wind turbines within a wind farm. According to numerical weather prediction (NWP) data and historical power data for three turbines, the forecasting accuracy of the turbine with the largest number of training samples is the best of the three. For one of the turbines, the LSTM, radial basis function (RBF), wavelet, deep belief network (DBN), back propagation neural networks (BPNN), and Elman neural network (ELMAN) have been used to forecast the wind turbine power. This study compares the results and demonstrates that LSTM can greatly improve the forecasting accuracy. Moreover, this study obtains different confidence intervals for the three units according to the GMM, mixture density neural network (MDN), and relevance vector machine (RVM) model results. The LSTM method is shown to have higher accuracy and faster convergence than the other methods. However, the GMM method has better performance and evaluation than other methods and thus has practical application value for wind turbine power dispatching.


life is precious

My 4th of July 2021 -Deb Lord

On Sunday 4th July, I was taking my dogs for their evening walk when I happened across a male sitting upright on a bench with his head back at a right-angle. It struck me as odd at a first glance, but I quickly rationalised that he was taking a moment to himself, letting droplets of water splash his face as it started to rain.

I walked another 10 metres and glanced again; no movement. I decided to go over and investigate, and when I arrived, several other dog-walkers had also spotted him and had walked over, stopping around 5 metres away. I gently tapped the lad’s shoulder, but he felt heavy. His complexion was waxy and there were only very occasional breaths. I reached out again and took his pulse; it was strong. I gently shook him again, calling out to him, but there was no response. There was a strong smell of cannabis and as a drug and alcohol worker, I recognised there might be other substances at play, and he may have overdosed.

I quickly messaged my partner to come and grab the dogs, and an ambulance was called. I moved his head to rest sideways rather than backwards to open his airway, and over about 15 minutes, I continued to try and get a response from him. While doing so, noticed he had an open bag over his shoulder, so I carefully reached into the bottle that was visible on top. I had wondered whether it would be methadone and hoped it might display his name on the label, but it was an empty, unmarked bottle of Oromorph. Underneath the bottle were several sheets of codeine and pregabalin pills, all medications which are often misused. It was now clear to me this was an opiate overdose.

Still having no idea who he was I spotted a ‘burner’ phone in his pocket, so slowly removed it, and called the number of someone who had last text him, thinking they may be able to offer an identity. After a couple of calls, I got through to his sister who have me a name and a brief mental health and drug misuse history.  I then called the 999 dispatch back and asked for an ETA on the ambulance as the lad’s breathing was worryingly intermittent and I was certain he’d overdosed. They couldn’t give me an ETA, but advised me to get him to the floor, which I did, and tell them every time he took a breath. Another woman had waited with me this whole time, and she came closer, holding my phone on loudspeaker as I knelt beside the lad. After around 1 minute and only 3 breaths, we were advised we needed to commence chest compressions. I began, counting to 200 before another passing dog-walker offered to swap out with me. As he became tired, another man swapped in, and then the women holding my phone took a turn, and so we went around until the ambulance arrived. His sister also managed to cycle down around the same time to be with him as he was taken to hospital. As the paramedics took over, I grabbed my coat and left, wondering what had become of the situation.

The following day, the sister had posted on a local Facebook page, thanking those involved for saving her brother’s life. She informed us he’d experienced a respiratory arrest, and that our actions had saved his life.

Sadly, it’s not the first time I’ve found someone this way and successfully performed CPR, and I can say it’ has had a lasting and profound effect on me.  I’d like to say it’s no big deal and that anyone in my position would have done the same thing, but I know that’s not the case. Many would have felt unsure how to respond other than calling an ambulance, and some may have even kept walking. Saving a person’s life is not inconsequential and it gave me a whole new appreciation for our wonderful NHS, the first responders, paramedics, nurses and doctors who keep people alive each and every day. Saving a life is a big deal because life is precious, and by connecting with each other as I and his family have along with others in the community after the public social media post, we can bring meaning, value and hope into each other’s lives, particularly in the post-COVID era where so many precious lives have already been lost.

Loneliness by Marian Cooke, Ageless Project 2017

When your feeling lonely and the darkness comes to stay

When it’s hard to lift your thought above the navy blues and grey;

Just try and give yourself a treat and pause a little while

And gather in those lonely thoughts and wrap them in a smile;

Think about the rainbow with its promise, or some ducks waddling to a pool

A baby gurgling in the got and laughing children on their way to school;

Something that you once heard or read that filled your heart with pride

That will chase away that loneliness and warm you up inside

It’s not an easy exercise to lift a load of care and not give in to sorrow

But build high your hopes and dream your dreams and you can make a bright tomorrow.


Home Greenhouse Sustainable development in aviation: major efforts underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions | Jones Day

The aviation industry, including airlines and aircraft manufacturers, has taken important steps to increase the environmental sustainability of the industry. Overall, many airlines have demonstrated their commitment to sustainability by committing to achieve carbon neutrality. In October 2021, members of the International Air Transport Association approved a resolution “For the global airline industry to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050”. This article highlights three specific ways in which the aviation industry, as a whole, strives to achieve carbon neutrality and increase its sustainability: (i) the carbon offset and reduction program for the international aviation (“CORSIA”); (ii) investing in sustainable aviation fuel (â€œSAFâ€) technology; and (iii) the development of electric aircraft.

CORSICA. In 2016, member states of the International Civil Aviation Organization (â€œICAOâ€), the United Nations governing body for international aviation, established the framework for CORSICA, a global market-based measure designed to stabilize carbon dioxide emissions from aircraft. In 2018, ICAO adopted the means to implement the program under which participants will monitor emissions from international flights and acquire carbon offsets for those exceeding a 2019-2020 average emissions benchmark. The program, which is voluntary until 2027, is expected to mitigate around 2.5 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide between 2021 and 2035.

Sustainable fuels. Traditionally, commercial airplanes have used “Jet-A” fuel to power their engines, which is a highly refined kerosene type fuel. In the interest of reducing carbon emissions, the aviation industry has demonstrated its commitment to developing SAF. SAF is â€œFuel blend components derived from renewable or waste-based raw materials which, compared to petroleum-based fuels, reduce carbon dioxide emissions. “

US airlines have announced commitments for the development of SAFs and investments in companies developing SAFs. For example, Airlines for America member companies, which include the major US airlines, have committed to “3 billion gallons of SAF available to US aircraft operators in 2030.” They intend to work with government and stakeholders to achieve this goal.

The federal government has demonstrated its commitment by establishing a multi-agency effort to expand the production and use of SAF. This “Grand DÃ©fi SAF,” a collaboration between the Ministries of Energy, Transport and Agriculture, aims to achieve a minimum of 50% reduction in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional fuel, and to achieve a target of supply enough SAF to meet 100% of aviation fuel demand by 2050. The Agencies are committed to investing in sustainable technologies, conducting research and development activities, developing a strategy for decarbonization, working with standards organizations and investing in workforce development, among others.

Advances in electric aircraft technology. Although all-electric commercial airplanes are not realistic with today’s technology, aircraft and engine manufacturers are striving to develop electric airplanes for other uses, particularly advanced air mobility (” AAM â€). AAM is a “airborne technology to transport people and goods in new, community-friendly and cost-effective aircraft“, which will be able to provide local and regional air transport. Electrically powered aircraft are at the center of this movement as these aircraft are expected to fly from locations close to and within population centers and are therefore desirable in terms of noise, emissions and durability Large aircraft manufacturers and small specialist companies are developing these aircraft and seeking to certify them with the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (“EASA” ) and the United States Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”), which is necessary to carry passengers during There is precedent for the certification of electric airplanes. In June 2020, EASA certified the Pipistrel Velis Electro , a two-seater light sports aircraft.

Other carbon reduction strategies. The aviation industry is also using other means to reduce its carbon footprint. Airports have switched to renewables and increased use of zero or low emission vehicles. To help with these efforts, the FAA provides grants at airports for sustainability planning, including greenhouse gas inventories, emission reduction initiatives and air quality projects.

The FAA and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration also recently announced software improvements which calculates door push-backs to reduce the taxiing time between push-back and take-off. This software will have the benefit of reducing aircraft emissions due to shorter taxi times, thereby saving fuel for airlines and increasing on-time departures.

Summary. The aviation industry, including airlines, aircraft manufacturers and companies engaged in emerging technologies, has demonstrated its commitment to reducing emissions throughout the aviation system. Achieving these goals will take time as modifications to aircraft and their fuel must be proven to be safe before they can be implemented. Nevertheless, the actions described in this article are concrete steps towards a sustainable aviation industry.


Your Journey

Ever find yourself in a small-group gathering, everyone is in a good mood, you're looking to enjoy the next few hours, but the conversation meanders?

This is common.

People need real connections. We help you make connections real.

Imagine you all enter into a ritual experience, with a facilitator, and in that space, you begin a journey, created by the stories of each person's life, with each story getting deeper. You find yourselves sharing in kind. You close your journey in a meaningful way with your relationships transformed.

This is possible.

We believe much unseen is also here.

Enso Game's first experience: KINDRED, for groups of two to eight.

Our second experience : KINDRED TAPIS, for groups of twelve to thirty-six.

Kinship in a box.


How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy—A Short Summary

I’ve been recently spending my free time writing fiction. In order to improve, I picked up How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy, by Orson Scott Card.

I found it an interesting read, and introduced me to some concepts that have helped me realize mistakes in my speculative fiction stories. On the other hand, there is a lot of material addressed at professional writers, on what to read first, where to publish and what conferences to attend.

I am writing this summary for people who want to engage with the writing advice—of the publishing and sales advice I didn’t pay much attention nor bothered checking which parts were up to date.

Here is the advice I enjoyed the most. Most of it is common sensical. But there is value in separating common sensical good advice from common sensical bad advice.

Show, don’t tell

This is commonly repeated advice, but I think I didn’t quite internalize it until now—at least as it applies to introducing technology and magic to the reader.

Essentially it boils down to never, ever have expositional dialogue. As long as your rules of magic / science are self consistent, you do not need to explain them in detail. Instead, Orson Scott Card recommends to expose through implication.

Here is one example in the book:

The classic example is Robert Heinlein’s phrase “The door dilated.” No explanation of the technology; the character doesn’t think, “Good heavens! A dilating door!” Instead, the reader is told not only that doors in this place dilate, irising open in all directions at once, but also that the character takes this fact for granted. The implication is that many-perhaps alldoors in this place dilate, and that they have been doing it for long enough that nobody pays attention to it anymore.

Another piece of advice is to give the exposition in pieces. You do not need to fully flesh out the world at the beginning. Better to begin with the action driving the story, and let the exposition trickle in through implication.

Keep your promises

This is fairly basic advice. However I realized I was butchering it.

Basically, Scott Orson Card invites us to think of story telling as making a series of promises. If you mention a new term like a “seed village”, the audience expects you to explain what that is before it becomes relevant for the plot.

The most important promise to keep is the promise you make in the first few pages—what the story will be about. If your story starts by an event that gets resolved in page 15, the story will feel like it drags on. Why would the reader continue reading?

Orson Scott Card gives as example four archetypes of speculative fiction stories: the MICE formulas.

  • Milieu stories are about travels through a strange world. They start when a character is transported to a foreign land, and finish upon their return home. An example is Gulliver’s Travels.

  • Idea stories are about the process of the characters resolving a question. They begin when a question is asked, and they finish when the question is resolved. An example is a classic murder mystery, which finishes when the viewpoint character finds the culprit.

  • The Character Story is a story about the transformation of a character’s role in the communities that matter most to them. They begin as the caracter becomes uncontent with their situation, and they end when change happens.

  • Event stories are about an event that alters the order of the world and throws it into a period of change. They begin when the character most crucial to establishing a new order for the world becomes involved in the struggle, and they end when the new order is stablished. An example is Lord of the Rings, which begins as Frodo becomes involved in the Fellowship of the Ring.

Personally I didn’t find the taxonomy itself very useful. Yet the core advice of starting a text with the story you intend to tell is solid.

Motivation and intention ; cause and effect

Another piece of very basic advice. For each character in the book, you ough to ask why they are acting the way they are acting, both in the sense of what drove them to action (their motivation) and what they hope to achieve (their intention).

For events of any kind, one should similarly ask why they happened, how the unfolded and what effects they have in the world. Emphasis on the plural—events rarely have a single cause or a single effect.

Asking a why and resolving it is the way to drive a story forward.

The protagonist, the hero and the viewpoint character

In Orson Scott Card’s terms, the protagonist is the character whose choices drive the story forward, the hero is the character the audience wants to suceed, and the viewpoint character is the one through whom we see the world and the unfolding of events.

They do not need to be the same character—in Star Wars, Luke is the hero and viewpoint character, yet Darth Vader choices drive the story forward—he is the protagonist. Orson Scott Cards recommends keeping the distinction in mind when resolving the story—Star Wars ends when Darth Vader rebels against the emperor.

I feel like I didn’t quite understood the point of this particular piece of advice.

Make your sentences short and clear. Avoid both slang and overly formal prose. Use the language choices of different characters to cement their characterization.

Coming up with ideas

Orson Scott Card says that the best story telling comes from combining unrelated ideas. He explains his process, mulling over ideas for years until he finds the right combination.

He says some people like writing scenes with their ideas, to see if they work well in practice. And continuosuly drop and refine the ideas, until they find a story they are excited about telling.

To generate the ideas in the first place, he uses as an example brainstorming sessions, where he would put forward creative exercises with explicit restrictions (eg “an alien species which cannot talk”). He would then cull the cliches (“telepathy is too obvious”) and ask follow up questions to flesh out the most promising ideas (“Why did this species evolve the capability to share memories as chemicals? Do they keep memory chemicals stored in libraries?”).

Finding a wise reader

Orson Scott Card recommends finding readers who will report on their experience as they read, to help you identify problems rather than propose changes or solutions.

He also emphasizes that most readers can only give feedback on your stories once—it is hard to engage honestly with an edited version of something you had them read before.

In summary, Orson Scott Card’s book contains some very useful writing advice.

If I was to pick among these the most useful, I would stick to the idea of exposing through implication and the idea of starting the book with the main story you intend to tell.

Would I recommend reading the whole book? I am not sure—there was a lot of advice for professional writers that was very specific, and I wouldn’t be surprised if Orson Scott Card’s magazine subscription recommendations haven’t aged well. And other parts where he covers very particular things, like how warp speed has been portrayed in fiction, that arent really about writing good stories.

I think the compromise is that if the ideas in this post intrigue you, I would recommend reading chapter 2 section 1 on generating ideas, chapter 3 section 2 on when stories begin and end, and the entire chapter 4 on exposition and language use. Those are the parts that contain, in my opinion, the most useful writing advice, illustrated with examples from modern books.

Chapter 1 and chapter 5 are about how to get involved in the speculative fiction community, and selling books. The rest of chapter 2 and chapter 3 will be interesting for some, and overly specific for others.


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The View from Brussels: The Northern Ireland Protocol Bill stokes growing EU/UK tensions

22 June 2022 | Insight

We assess UK moves to override terms of its withdrawal deal with the EU as post-Brexit friction builds

On 13 June, the UK Government introduced before Parliament the Northern Ireland Protocol Bill that would unilaterally override the main content of the Northern Ireland Protocol (the Protocol) contained in the Withdrawal Agreement by which the UK left from the European Union.

This is the culmination of a long period of dissatisfaction with the Protocol in the UK. The UK is not implementing the parts of the Protocol concerning customs checks in full and has been requesting a number of changes. The absence of full implementation has led the European Commission to initiate infringement proceedings as allowed under the Protocol, but also to present a package of measures to ease the main points of friction.

Discussions have failed to advance and the UK is now proposing to take unilateral action, which the European Commission negotiator has asserted to be illegal.

This note will briefly explain the content of the Bill and then examine the legal justification advanced by the UK and compare it with the taking of safeguard measures as allowed under the Protocol and discussed in a previous View from Brussels. We will also comment on the important and difficult issue of the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) over the interpretation of the Protocol and the trade regime for Northern Ireland that it introduces. The conflict over the Protocol is also complicating cooperation between the EU and the UK more generally and the EU has taken a number of unfriendly actions such as refusing to continue UK participation in the Horizon research program.

What the Northern Ireland Protocol Bill contains

One of the most remarkable features of the Withdrawal Agreement is that it requires the UK to make the Withdrawal Agreement and certain EU law directly effective in the UK legal system. The Protocol goes further and requires this direct effect to apply also to many regulations adopted by the EU after withdrawal. The UK complied with the requirement to give the Withdrawal Agreement direct effect in the UK legal system through Sections 7A and 7C of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act of 2018.

The direct effect of international agreements is normally excluded by both the UK and the EU in their modern agreements. It has unpredictable consequences. That is why the UK and the EU were quickly able to agree that the Trade and Cooperation Agreement should not have direct effect in their legal systems. This is clearly stated in Article 5 of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement and stands in stark contrast to Article 4 of the Withdrawal Agreement.

The Northern Ireland Protocol Bill would end this direct effect for the main provisions of the Protocol, designating them "excluded provisions". It would then empower ministers, and in some cases HMRC, with wide discretion to adopt the alternative arrangements that they consider appropriate.

This applies first and foremost to all the provisions that keep Northern Ireland in the Single Market (including those on customs and excise and VAT). While the Protocol provided for goods entering Northern Ireland that were "at risk" of entering the EU Single Market to be subject to EU customs duties and regulations, it effectively presumed the existence of such a risk and allowed goods to be exempted only if the absence of a risk was established jointly by the EU and the UK. The Bill creates concepts of "qualifying movements" of "UK or non-EU destined" goods to which the Protocol would not apply and would allow these to be defined and regulated by a UK minister. The way in which this is intended to be implemented, through green and red customs lanes, is explained in an accompanying Policy Paper.

The Bill would also allow operators to choose whether to follow the EU or UK regulatory regimes (or indeed both). The implementation of this principle will no doubt give rise to significant complications and, again, the details are to be set out in regulations to be adopted by a minister.

A further major change to the legal regime envisaged in the Protocol that the Bill would introduce is to completely disapply its State Aid regime, which effectively provided for the application of EU law by the European Commission. The UK's own new subsidy regime would instead apply. This is intended to meet international standards and the UK's obligations to the EU in the Trade and Co-operation Agreement.

This outline of a new regulatory regime for Northern Ireland is supported by a further set of provisions that render decisions of the CJEU relating to the Protocol or any related provision of the Withdrawal Agreement non-binding on UK courts. It also prohibits UK judges and tribunals from referring such questions to the CJEU. Significantly, this is not limited to the trade and subsidy provisions outlined above, but to the whole Protocol and related provisions of the Withdrawal Agreement. There is, however, provision for a UK minister to establish by regulation a possibility for courts and tribunals to refer questions to the CJEU for guidance.

The doctrine of necessity and Article 16 of the Protocol

The UK Government has stated that the setting aside of its international obligation to implement the Protocol is justified by the international law doctrine of necessity. It states that preserving peace in Northern Ireland is an essential interest of the UK, but does not explain why each of the various measures contained in the Bill are necessary to prevent a grave and imminent danger as required by that doctrine. This section does not explore this issue further, but rather considers to what extent the UK approach goes further than what could have been done by invoking the safeguard clause contained in Article 16 of the Protocol.

The first point to note is that Article 16 can be considered an expression of the doctrine of necessity since it requires that a safeguard measure be appropriate to respond to "serious economic, societal or environmental difficulties" and that its scope and duration should be restricted to what is strictly necessary to remedy the situation. It would therefore appear that the Bill could just as easily have been justified as a safeguard measure as under the doctrine of necessity.

It may well be that it would be difficult to argue that a wholesale setting aside of the trade regime provided for in the Protocol and in particular the ouster of the jurisdiction of the CJEU are appropriate and strictly necessary safeguard measures within the meaning of Article 16, but the same difficulty also arises under the doctrine of necessity.

It has been suggested that Article 16 (taken together with Annex 7 to the Protocol) would only allow temporary measures and would require the consent of the EU. That is not borne out by the text which restricts duration of the measures to what is necessary (as does the doctrine of necessity) meaning that a safeguard measure can be maintained for so long as it is necessary. Article 16 also expressly allows such measures to be imposed unilaterally. Prior consultations are required where possible, but need not last more than one month.

One important difference is that Article 16 provides for the other party to the agreement to adopt proportionate rebalancing measures to restore the balance of rights and obligations under the Protocol. As we pointed out in our previous View from Brussels, the rebalancing measures that the EU could take under the Protocol are rather limited. It is only after successfully challenging the safeguard measure in dispute settlement that the EU would possibly be entitled to adopt retaliatory measures under the broader Withdrawal Agreement or under the Trade and Cooperation Agreement.

However, by not using the safeguard procedure specifically provided for under the Protocol, the UK opens itself to broader retaliatory action by the EU. The EU would not have been able to accuse the UK of violating fundamental principles, including the rule of law, if the UK had relied on a right to adopt a safeguard measure according to the principles and procedures specifically provided for in the Protocol. It would have to have recourse to the dispute settlement procedures first. Indeed, a draft regulation proposed by the EU Commission would specifically allow the EU to adopt retaliatory measures "restricting trade, investment or other activities within the scope of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, if adjudication is not possible because the United Kingdom is not taking the steps that are necessary for a dispute settlement procedure under that Agreement or the Withdrawal Agreement to function, including unduly delaying the proceedings amounting to non-cooperation in the process." This seems to be designed to allow retaliation against a measure such as the Bill, which removes the jurisdiction of the CJEU.

The problem of the CJEU

As noted above, the restrictions on the jurisdiction of the CJEU proposed in the Bill go further than simply preventing references to the CJEU in relation to the excluded provisions. It covers the whole Protocol and also related provisions of the Withdrawal Agreement.

Indeed, since the Bill also allows other provisions of the Withdrawal Agreement to be made "excluded provision" by a Minister for a wide range of "permitted purposes" that include not only social or economic stability, but also, for example, health and the environment, the legal effect of the Protocol in the UK could be even further restricted.

There has been extensive discussion of the adverse effect of the Protocol on the ability of Northern Irish consumers and businesses to access certain products manufactured in the UK and on the chilling effect of the intensive level of frontier checks. Concerns about the adverse effect on the Unionist Community's acceptance of the Good Friday Agreement and the power-sharing regime in Northern Ireland have been associated with the implementation of the NI Protocol to date. However, this would seem a different issue from the question whether the jurisdiction of the CJEU over the Protocol in itself contributes to or underlies these concerns. It could become so if the CJEU were to render a judgment that is perceived to be biased or wrong, but that has not happened to date. The grant of jurisdiction in an international agreement to the courts of one of the parties may be virtually unprecedented in international relations between developed countries, but it is clearly provided for in the Withdrawal Agreement and cannot be said to have been hidden in obscure provisions and annexes as was the case of some of the other points of friction. It was accepted by the UK Parliament in the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020.

It is interesting to note that despite some of the rhetoric, the Bill does leave open the possibility of some role for the CJEU. The general dispute settlement mechanism of the Withdrawal Agreement contains an arbitration mechanism for the resolution of disputes. This provides for disputes to be resolved by ad hoc arbitrators selected by the parties who are obliged, on request, to refer questions of interpretation of EU law to the CJEU for a preliminary ruling that would be binding on the arbitrators.  The arbitrators would nevertheless remain responsible for applying the law to the facts of the dispute and rendering a decision that would be binding on the parties. The Bill would prohibit any "court or tribunal" from referring questions to the CJEU as provided for in the Protocol, but would not prohibit arbitration panels under the Withdrawal Agreement from doing so. Indeed, it would appear that the arbitration mechanism of the Withdrawal Agreement is unaffected by the proposals in the Bill. It is noteworthy that Clause 20(4) of the Bill permits a UK minister to provide in regulations for UK courts and tribunals also to be able to request preliminary rulings from the CJEU on questions of interpretation of EU law, although it is unclear whether they would be bound by the answers received.

This indirect control by the CJEU over the interpretation of EU law in the UK may well become the compromise solution, although the EU currently rejects it.

What happens next?

The Northern Ireland Protocol Bill marks a significant escalation of the conflict between the EU and the UK over the implementation of the Protocol. It will therefore continue to complicate cooperation between the EU and the UK in many areas. We cannot predict how the politics will play out.

As noted above, the EU has revived the infringement proceedings that it had commenced against the EU in March 2021 in relation to its failure to implement some aspects of the Protocol in a timely fashion. It has also started two new proceedings on the day the Bill was published. If the Bill was to become law, it would probably also bring a further infringement proceeding against the UK. Infringement actions can eventually lead to the imposition of fines, including daily penalty fines, by the CJEU.

In addition to opposing the Bill and the incomplete implementation of the Protocol through legal action, there are other actions that the EU may well take that should be mentioned.

The EU has already refused to allow formal adoption of the Protocol necessary to allow the UK continued access to the EU's Horizon scientific research programme and various other research programmes despite the fact that this was agreed during the negotiations for the Trade and Cooperation Agreement and only not included because of technical difficulties. Similar fate may await further envisaged cooperation in other fields such as in the regulation of financial services and energy. Even forms of cooperation that are currently anchored in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement could be endangered because of the review clauses and notice periods that are provided for throughout the Trade and Cooperation Agreement.


Gilded Age DBQ

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The period between 1865 to 1900, also known as the Gilded Age, was an era of rapid industrialization, immigration, and capitalization in America. After the civil war, previously used factories remained and flourished as manufacturing started to replace farming; which was possible due to vast immigration from Southern and Eastern part of Europe. With an available cheap labor source, businesses rose to great heights, and competition thrived. While companies thrived, working laborers and citizens suffered. Because industrial statesman expanded wealth and created opportunities, but also exploited workers, disrupted competition, and manipulated factors of production, it is justified to characterize the industrial leaders of the Gilded age as both…show more content…
Monopolies were intended to increase profits, and “dictate” the “two great classes:” the producer and the consumer (Doc 3). Many companies like Andrew Carnegie’s steel company and Rockefeller’s standard oil company benefitted from trusts. Rockefeller successfully created a monopoly by buying rival companies, and controlling transportation rates which allowed for the transport of goods at a cheaper rate, allowing Rockefeller to lower the price of oil; this affected small companies since it was impossible for them to compete with the price (Doc 5). While many companies invested in the railroad company and created contracts to receive exclusive benefits such as lower rates, the railroads didn’t benefit the public at all, because they were built by investors that only cared about receiving a “fair percentage” of the profit, and remarked that “the public be damned” (Doc 1). Many laborers working under these company suffered due to the reduction of “the price of every labor connected with trade” (Doc 3). While these companies became wealthier, workers became poorer. For example, the laborers working in the Ohio railroad company barred train’s passage to rebel against their third pay cut. All forms of strikes and boycott emerged in the nation since no minimum wage was set. The workers risked their jobs to…show more content…
With the rise of monopolies, small companies and farmers suffered immensely likewise wages were cutback which led to many strikes and boycotts throughout the nation. However, Monopolies also lowered prices for various goods. Wealth increased due to the rich investing it and expanding new markets, which opened new job opportunities for non-skilled and skilled workers alike. Many companies also made it their duty to improve the community by funding myriad
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Non-destructive prediction of transcriptomic profiles by Raman microscopy

演者：小林　鉱石　先生

２０１８年０７月１１日（水） 午後４時～

Abstract: Raman microscopy is an imaging technique that can report on whole-cell molecular compositions in both comprehensive and non-destructive manners. However, molecular compositions of cells are diverse and compounds such as proteins have severe spectral overlaps, making it nearly intractable to assign specific Raman peaks to specific molecules. Instead of pursuing the spectral decomposition, we show that RNA-seq transcriptomic profiles of Schizosaccharomces pombe and Escherichia coli can be computationally linked and predicted from their whole-cell Raman spectra. By employing machine learning methods, our method finds the intrinsic low-dimensional structure of the transcriptomes, and learns a non-linear linkage between those and Raman spectra. Permutation tests show that the probability of accidentally finding the same transcriptome prediction precision level is extremely low (p-value<0.0001), suggesting that the prediction is real. These results demonstrate that cellular Raman spectra could unravel omics information in a non-destructive manner, opening the possibility of conducting a “live-cell omics.”


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Poland Elects Anti-Putin Government

The leader of Poland's main opposition party, Jaroslaw Kaczynski, kisses the hand of prime minister candidate Beata Szydlo after the exit poll results are announced in Warsaw on Sunday. Pawel Kopczynski/Reuters

This article first appeared on the Carnegie Europe site.

When Poland's right-wing Law and Justice party lost the country's parliamentary election in 2011, its conservative and nationalist leader, Jaroslaw Kaczynski, vowed to bring the party back to power.

Not only that. "One day, we will have a Budapest in Warsaw," he promised, referring to how Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán used his twice-won two-thirds majority to make sweeping constitutional changes.

The good news is that in Poland's election on October 25, Law and Justice won over 39 percent of the vote but failed to secure two-thirds of the parliamentary seats. This means that the party will not be able to change laws as easily as Orbán's Fidesz party has been able to do, because Poland, like Hungary, requires a two-thirds parliamentary majority for constitutional changes.

The less good news is that Law and Justice can govern without the need for coalition partners—for the first time in post-Communist Poland. This means that Poland's new government will not be dogged by the instability that forced it prematurely out of office in 2007.

That stability could allow Beata Szydlo, Poland's new prime minister designate, to fundamentally shift Poland's foreign and security policy from the outward-looking and ambitious one that the center-right Civic Platform had pursued to a more inward-looking one more focused on the immediate region. This will affect Warsaw's relations with the EU and NATO.

Supporters of Law and Justice are conservative, nationalist and Euroskeptic. They resent what they see as diktats issued by Brussels, and they will certainly oppose EU plans to accept more refugees that are arriving in Europe. Kaczynski has already said that refugees and migrants coming to Europe caused "epidemics."

Yet Law and Justice has to admit that Poland has done very well out of the EU. Civic Platform had put energy security as well as an energy union—two big priorities for Warsaw—high on the EU's agenda. Poland has had repeated run-ins with Brussels over carbon emission levels and the subsidies that Warsaw provides to the Polish coal industry. In short, Civil Platform cannot be accused of kowtowing to Brussels.

It's the Euroskepticism of Law and Justice that is bad news for the EU. Another Euroskeptic government has the potential to further weaken the union's ability to project a united, liberal voice.

This can be only good news for Russian President Vladimir Putin, who can look with satisfaction at the rise of Euroskeptic parties that challenge what the EU stands for. A strong and coherent Europe is not in Putin's interests.

However, it would be surprising if Law and Justice wavered over the EU sanctions on Russia. Apart from being Euroskeptic, Kaczynski is also very anti-Russian, unlike his Hungarian counterpart and the Czech president. He has never stopped believing that his twin brother and former Polish president, Lech, was assassinated by Russia when his presidential plane crashed in Smolensk, western Russia, in April 2010.

Furthermore, Law and Justice was critical of how Civil Platform had begun a dialogue with Russia aimed at working toward a reconciliation with one of Poland's archenemies. That dialogue suffered after Russia's annexation of Crimea in March 2014, but those diplomats and experts who started this immensely difficult task managed to continue it against all the odds. There is little doubt that this dialogue could be a casualty of Law and Justice's foreign policy.

Another casualty could be Poland's relationship with its neighbor Germany. The political, trade and social ties had blossomed under Civil Platform. Kaczynski, however, has never hidden his dislike of Germany. His supporters told Carnegie Europe that Civic Platform was too beholden to Berlin, that Poland did everything that German Chancellor Angela Merkel told them to do.

And when Germany opposed NATO establishing a permanent base in Poland because Berlin didn't want to provoke Russia (regardless of what Russia has been doing in Ukraine), Law and Justice blasted that decision.

It's a decision that Law and Justice is sure to bring up in NATO and make into an issue when Warsaw hosts the next NATO summit in 2016—if it is not resolved before then. One thing is certain: It will be hard to see Szydlo, with Kaczynski in the background, taking no for an answer from NATO as this duo steers Poland to a not entirely predictable future.

Judy Dempsey is a nonresident senior associate at Carnegie Europe and editor-in-chief of Strategic Europe. Follow her on Twitter @Judy_Dempsey.


Joule to Kilocalorie

1 Joule is equal to 0.000239006 kilocalories. A Joule is equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through one metre. The Joule derives its name from English physicist James Prescott Joule. A Joule can also be expressed in electrically terms as one watt-second. One watt-second is the energy released in one second by a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm. A calorie is a unit that is used to measure energy. One calorie refers to the energy needed to raise the temperature of a single kg of water by a single degree celsius in temperature. This converter can be used to convert any amount of Joules to Kilocalories. Or convert any two units of measure with the PunchlistZero master converter.

Joule Kilocalorie


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Recently, I went to my ob-gyn who stated that I have a fibroid that’s the size of an orange, which means it has grown since my last yearly exam. I have factor five [Factor V Leiden (FVL) is a genetic mutation that makes the blood more prone to abnormal clotting] and doctors suggested I get a hysterectomy. I was told that if I go through with it I would have to be off my blood thinners for 10 days before the surgery and that I might catch an infection. I really wish there was another way.

How would you describe yourself?

I am a very sweet, kind person always taking care of other people to make sure they are OK.

What is your greatest achievement?

I managed to get my High School Equivalency Diploma after being a high school dropout. I plan to attend college in May 2021.

What is your greatest regret?

Not digging more to find out about my fibroids before they grew

What is the best advice you ever received?

Keep up the good work.

What drives you to do what you do?

My caring heart allows me to help others that can’t help themselves.

What is your motto?

Always keep your head; everything happens for a reason. Never question what life brings you.

Nothing; material things are replaceable, but my life isn’t.

I don’t think I would want to be any type of animal.

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