Korean Food Guide The Korea Foundation

There is also jukkumi, yet another species of octopus which is commonly eaten stir-fried with gochujang and has thicker tentacles. The explanation is fairly scientific but quick adequate to comprehend. Even though our external physique temperature increases on hot days, our internal organs do not. Consuming this hot dish assists to enhance our internal body temperature which makes us sweat extra, and in turn, cools us down. The course of action of grinding the soybeans into a pulp, pureeing and then filtering them by way of a sack outcomes in a creamy stew that has a special texture – at once soft and grainy. If you seriously want the very best tasting cuts, you will want to travel to Jeju Island.

Muslims are not allowed to consume foods or beverages that are Haram, or forbidden. Foods that carry a halal symbol on their packaging have been authorized by an agency and are certified to be no cost of any forbidden elements or components. Halal claims on the nutrition label or the packaging should involve the name of the certification body.

Though mashed and boiled to the point exactly where it is unrecognizable, chueotang is named for the freshwater mudfish that constitutes the key ingredient. This light brown jello, created of acorn starch, is served cold, often with a topping of chopped leeks and soy sauce as a side dish, or as an ingredient in Dotorimuk salads and dotorimukbap . This side dish, in which an egg is beaten into a bowl, lightly salted and steamed into a spongy, pale yellow cake, is completely web necessary when eating spicy food. But this dish of oval rice cake slices, egg, dried laver seaweed, and sometimes dumplings in a meat-primarily based broth is now eaten all year round, regardless of age or season.

The vitality of Korean family members and communal life reaches a climax in the course of the meal time when Koreans love a time with each other with their regular foods. Though the assortment and high-quality of meals differed substantially in between for poor farmer and the royal court, the significance of Korean cuisine and meal time remained continuous. The identical gochugaru, or red-pepper powder, that stains crimson a head of napa cabbage kimchi is also made use of in other banchan, a variety of dressed salads named muchims and uplifting jorims, or braises. It lends heat, certain, but it can also infuse a dish with unbelievable sweetness and an pretty much fermented savoriness, specifically when you very first bloom it in fats like sesame oil and butter. At this James Beard Award-nominated Fremont restaurant recognized for its meats, diners will uncover brief ribs with grilled peppers and kimchi (just referred to as “that” brief rib steak). But there are non beefy selections on the menu, such as a delightful kombu-cured mackerel.

This is definitely one particular of the most well-liked Korean dishes. 불고기 is thinly sliced meat that you can grill up, usually with a slightly sweet flavor. It’s a basic dish that’s typically wrapped in lettuce and eaten with rice. Despite the fact that controversial, and illegal in South Korea, some restaurants specialize in serving dog meat. Korean businesses also manufacture a medicinal extract referred to as gaeju (개주) or gaesoju (개소주), created from dog meat as properly as several herbs and other ingredients .

This is simply because Korean restaurants in specific nations may perhaps restrict you to just one serving of side dishes per meal. It does not hurt to verify with the server 1st just before you order more. Never leave chopsticks sticking straight up in a bowl of rice and by no means transfer a piece of meals directly from chopstick to chopstick. When eating something that’s accompanied by a dipping sauce , alternatively of dipping straight into the communal sauce dish, ladle some with a spoon onto the morsel you have transferred to your personal plate.

I hope we have the opportunity to pay a visit to this spot again in the future. It was chicken soo-yook made of an organic chicken. I’m not certain if you’ve attempted Korean-style organic chicken soup but usually the meat is very gamey and has a distinct odor to it.

Korean BBQ restaurants have gas, charcoal, or transportable stove grills built into the tables. Marinated meats like bulgogi and kalbi are grilled and eaten along with several compact Korean side dishes called banchan. When cooked, haemul pajeon resembles a fried Korean pancake with scallions and seafood operating by means of it. Frequently enjoyed as a side dish, it’s generally served with a dipping sauce made with soy sauce.

Even even though chicken is named “dak” in Korean, the term “BBQ chikin” is generally applied when referring to this particular style. A more literal translation would be dak-twigim “chicken fritter”, but no 1 really utilizes that. Identified worldwide for its super higher good quality ginseng.

As a result, we investigated the antibacterial effect and […] Read a lot more. Mahewu is a fermented food product from maize, normally consumed in Southern Africa. This study investigated the impact of optimizing fermentation and boiling time of white maize and yellow maize mahewu, with the use of the Box–Behnken-response […] Study more. Editor’s Option articles are based on suggestions by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a smaller quantity of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly exciting to authors, or important in this field.

Guk is a soup of vegetables, seafood and/or meats boiled in lots of water. Some varieties are malgeun-jangguk , tojangguk , gomguk and naengguk . The regular Korean table setting constantly has bap and guk. Guk has helped develop the use of spoons in Korea.

Caroline Cho opened the bar and restaurant in 1997 as a watering hole for Korean immigrants, and till COVID, it in no way closed for a single day. “We all struggled, but we are all healthful and back — that’s all that matters,” she stated. “What much more can I want, proper? It is not just me. It was everyone in the entire globe.” Koreatown received official recognition from Los Angeles County in 1980, thanks in large component to the efforts of Hi Duk Lee. Lee was an entrepreneur and neighborhood leader who established the neighborhood as a “Second Seoul” for the wave of Koreans who moved to L.A.

Fish and fisheries responses are simulated with the BiOeconomic mArine Trophic Size-spectrum model15,44,45. The model also interactively simulates fishing effort and fish catch by way of a bioeconomic component that depends on fish price, cost of fishing, catchability and fisheries regulation15. Particulars are identified in ref. 15 and references therein. “We require women’s voices and leadership to be prominent in meals systems. The UN Food Systems Summit, held through the UN Basic Assembly in New York on September 23, set the stage for global food systems transformation to obtain the Sustainable Improvement Goals by 2030. Summer interns for SpartanNash, a grocery shop chain primarily based in Michigan built the world’s biggest word created of packaged meals and then donated the items to a regional meals bank.


Home Immunity Immunity debt: why so many children are sick with RSV

Immunity debt: why so many children are sick with RSV

Recently, children’s hospitals across the country have been full of sick children, and it seems like every child has a cold these days. One of the viruses responsible, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is not new to pediatricians, but due to a recent rapid rise in cases, this may be the first time many are hearing about it. . RSV is a common childhood virus that typically circulates during the winter months and causes respiratory disease. This year, children’s hospitals saw an increase in cases earlier in the year, in late summer and early fall.

Although RSV can infect people of all ages, it usually does not cause severe symptoms in older children or adults with intact immune systems. RSV can cause symptoms in young children ranging from a mild cold to bronchiolitis, an infection of the small airways of the lung leading to inflammation and mucus buildup, which can lead to difficulty breathing in young children. Bronchiolitis is most common in children under 2 years old, and although most children with bronchiolitis recover at home within 7-10 days, some may need hospitalization for support with their breathing or IV fluids for hydration. Children younger than 6 months are at higher risk of serious illness. RSV bronchiolitis was a leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations during the winter months for many years prior to 2020.

Many respiratory viruses follow a predictable annual pattern as cases peak and decline in the community. For example, at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles where I work, RSV is most commonly seen in the winter months, along with influenza, the virus that causes influenza. In the United States, these viruses spread through communities in late fall, with case numbers peaking in the winter months and then finally dying out in the spring. Other viruses tend to peak in the summer months.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention strategies – such as wearing a mask, physical distancing, and staying home from school and work – were aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19, but they also reduced the spread of these common childhood viruses, including RSV , which spread easily from person to person, especially in group settings like daycares. This disrupted typical viral patterns, and the number of RSV positive cases and pediatric RSV hospitalizations in the winters of 2020 and 2021 decreased compared to previous years.. It’s unclear how long it will take for these viral patterns to return to their typical pre-pandemic cycles.

Now that most children are back in daycare and school at a time when masking is less prevalent, RSV has had the opportunity to spread among children whose immune systems have never met the virus before. This phenomenon has been called “immune debt” due to pandemic prevention measures. The first time the immune system encounters a virus, the symptoms of infection may be more severe as the body learns to fight off the virus, while subsequent infections tend to cause minimal or mild symptoms as the body now has of a model to effectively target the virus. Before the pandemic, most children were exposed to RSV before the age of 2 years. The current increase in pediatric cases of RSV suggests that children’s immune systems are “catching up” with typical childhood viruses and that young children, as well as older children who may not have been exposed in recent years , are at risk of infection. Additionally, mothers whose immunity to RSV has waned in recent years are less likely to pass protective antibodies to infants via breast milk.

RSV is spread from person to person through close contact with an infected person or through contact with infected secretions, such as infected droplets from a cough or sneeze. Although there is no RSV vaccine currently available, good hygiene measures such as washing your hands, keeping frequently used surfaces clean, and staying away from other people with cold symptoms can help prevent the spread of RSV.

Many children have had or will have multiple colds this season. Hospitals are already seeing children who have tested positive for multiple viruses (such as RSV, COVID-19 and influenza) at the same time or in rapid succession. The flu is set to have a similar increase in cases in the coming months. Parents can help protect themselves and their children against the flu by getting the flu shot this year, which is available for children 6 months and older, in addition to hand washing and other protective measures. hygiene.

Dr. Priya Edward is a pediatric infectious disease specialist at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and a clinical assistant professor of pediatrics at USC’s Keck School of Medicine.


Quantum computing

Phase manipulation in quantum cryptography

Direct link to article: arxiv.org

The study bases on a geometrical phase associated to the Schrödinger equation in a three level system. When two Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) processes are applied in a row; first the counterintuitive process and then the intuitive order process, the population is transferred back to the initial quantum state. The phase of the new state can be well controlled.

As an example, let's assume we have two states; the initial state \(\psi_1(x) \), the final state \(\psi_2(x) \) and the time shift between the laser pulses is \( \Delta T = 1/6 \). After the quantum transitions, the final state has obtained a phase \(\psi_2(x) = \psi_1(x)\exp(i\pi/6) \). The probabilities of the wave functions are the same \(|\psi_1|^2 = |\psi_2|^2\), but the quantum state is different. The situation is shown in the enclosed figure.

The applications include, for example, phase manipulation in quantum cryptography, phase gates in quantum computing and phase interactions in quantum interference. More details are found here.

Quantum computing - Hadamard gate

Direct link to article: arxiv.org

A quantum logic gate is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits. The Hadamard gate acts on a single qubit. It represents a rotation of \(\pi \) about the axis at the Bloch sphere. In quantum optics, the Hadamard gate can be constructed using 4 levels as shown in the following figure.

There are three couplings \( \Omega_{10} \), \( \Omega_{11} \) and \( \Omega_{2} \) which connect the levels. The initial population is either on levels \( |10 \rangle \) or \( |11 \rangle \). In the following section we show some exact solutions to the Hadamard system.

Monopoles and confinement

Direct link to article: arxiv.org

We show some visual images of the population transfer in the STIRAP system when the pulse areas are finite. This is the case when the magnetic monopoles are present.

More details are found here.

Back to the main page.


Week 2 Writing Forum Topic, Sources, Research Question Your work on the Writing

Published by

Aug 9, 2022

Week 2 Writing Forum
Topic, Sources, Research Question
Your work on the Writing Forum will be assessed based on your engagement with the prompt and your peers and will be marked as complete/incomplete: A post will be marked “complete” if you respond to the entire prompt and give substantive, constructive feedback to two of your peers. A post will be marked “incomplete” if part of your response is missing and/or if you don’t give substantive, constructive feedback to two of your peers. Late WFs will not be accepted.
In your quarter-long writing project, you’ll write a critical media analysis that makes an argument about how news media frames a human rights issue in its coverage of a current event. You’ll draw on scholarly research and at least 3 news articles to support your argument. To help you make good progress on the assignment and to receive feedback throughout the quarter as your project progresses, you’ll engage with the Writing Forum by responding to the prompt based on your own project. You’ll also provide feedback to your peers on their projects.
If you haven’t already, please review the MMW 15 Writing Project Overview. To get you started on your writing project, the Week 2 Writing Forum asks you to propose a topic, share one news article related to that topic, and pose an initial research question. For the final media analysis paper, you’ll make an argument about how a human rights issue is framed in news media coverage of a current event, based in an analysis of 3 news sources. For your forum post, submit a Google Doc 下载 Google Doc, in correct MLA format, that does the following:
Propose a topic. To address the prompt, your topic will include (a) a human rights issue found in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and (b) a current event related to the human rights issue. To select your human rights issue, read through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (链接到外部网站。) and choose one of the articles that seems interesting to you. To select a current event, review news media (you can go to your usual sites, or you can practice using the library’s database and search only those publications listed on the MMW 15 Library Guide (链接到外部网站。)). In choosing your current event, MMW recommends choosing a specific event that happened on a particular day or series of days. This will make it easier to find and analyze your articles. Note the human rights issue you think you’ll focus on by indicating the UDHR article, and writing out the text of the UDHR article
Identify a current event
Write 50 words explaining the connection between the human rights issue and the current event
Find one news article related to your topic. Choose your article from the publications listed on the MMW 15 Library Guide (链接到外部网站。). List the article in MLA Works Cited format Write 50 words explaining why you chose this article for your topic
Propose an initial research question. This will still be tentative, and you might feel like you’re not quite ready for this yet. That’s okay. That’s why it’s initial, and it’ll give you a helpful place to start from.
You may find it helpful to use this formula, modified for your own topic and UDHR article: How does English-language news media coverage of _____ event frame the human rights issue of _____?
Then, respond to two of your peers by considering the following: What would you like to know more about the topic? Explain the connection between the current event and the UDHR article chosen by your peer. What do you find most intriguing about the article that your peer selected as it relates to the prompt? Respond by Friday 8/12/22 at 11:59 PM.
Note on helpful resources to consult this week: MMW 15 Writing Project Overview; MMW Formatting and Submission Guidelines (链接到外部网站。); MMW 15 Library Guide (链接到外部网站。) and other Library resources; Little Seagull, W-4a, R-1b

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3901 Davis Blvd., two blocks east of Airport Road

3901 Davis Blvd., east of Airport Road

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Miracles can't be explained

Sunday Sermon

The Rev. Dr. Thomas A. Thoeni

Aug. 2, 2020

   Years ago I found myself visiting with a parishioner during her soap opera and we were having a discussion about two of the characters. It seemed one person was telling the other that their marriage was over.

 “What’s the problem?” I asked. “He caught her kissing another man,” the parishioner answered. “Well, it’s a soap opera,” I replied, “she’s not allowed to go more than two days without kissing someone.” “But you see,” the parishioner returned, “her husband doesn’t know he’s living in a soap opera.” “Oh,” I said, “it must be terrible to live in a world you don’t understand.
  Believe it or not, this discussion came to mind in light of today’s Gospel reading because in it we are faced with a similar dilemma: we are reminded that we live in a world we don’t fully understand. Today we are told that Jesus took five loaves and two fish and fed a crowd well in excess of five thousand. This is a remarkable miracle story. Incidentally, it is the only miracle of Jesus that is recorded in all four of the Gospels.  This leads me to conclude that something extraordinary, something truly miraculous, occurred that day so long ago.
 Yet Biblical scholars have tried to offer us explanations of this miracle. They have tried to give us logical and believable ways that this feeding may have occurred. One explanation says that the crowd was so touched by Jesus’ act of faith and generosity by offering what little was available to him that they reached into their cloaks and pulled out the hidden food they were hoarding and began to share it with their neighbors.

Another explanation is that the meal of bread and fish became a spiritual meal for all concerned and only a morsel was needed to sate the needs of the diners.

But these practical explanations miss the point. The feeding was a miracle and miracles, by definition, cannot be explained. Note that Matthew doesn't try to explain what happened. For that matter, not one of the other Gospel writers tries to explain how the miracle occurred either.

If the point was to know how Jesus accomplished such a feat we would have an explanation as a part of the Gospel’s text. Instead we are simply given a miracle story and we are left to accept or deny it. And this may be our biggest struggle this morning: We need explanations.

We are, after all, heirs of the Age of Enlightenment, post-modern educated and logical people. Everything should be explainable. Every occurrence, no matter how confounding, can be dissected, analyzed, categorized and understood in concrete, scientific terms. If it happened, we have to be able to explain how it happened. That is one of the operating principles of our modern lives.

And it is a fallacy. How do we dissect love? How do we analyze compassion? How can we categorize mercy? How can we truly understand the matters of faith in concrete and scientific terms?

The simple truth is that we can’t. The life of faith is living within the tension that we cannot explain everything; it is the realization that we live in a world that we do not understand. The life of faith is being willing and able to see beyond the concrete reality of our world to consider that perhaps, just perhaps, there is more to this world than meets the eye.

 Let me give you an image to consider. The African Impala is a magnificent animal. It is generally no taller that 36 inches at the shoulders. But it can jump as high as 10 feet and in one leap can span a distance of over 30 feet. Yet these nimble animals are very easy to contain in zoos. They can be kept in an enclosure with a solid wall a mere three feet high. The reason is that they will not jump unless they can see where their feet will land.
   Are we not much different? Are we willing to see beyond the short little wall of our tangible world and into the marvelous depths and possibilities of God’s creation? This morning we have heard a miraculous story of the feeding of thousands on meager provisions of bread and fish. We marvel at this story as we should. But we probably wonder how it really happened; and that is natural.

    But let us remember that God is not bound by our limited understanding of reality. We must understand that the Gospels are not a science text book. They were not written to tell us how these things happened but that they happened at the hands of our Lord. This gives us the hope that miracles can happen in our lives as well. They can and they do.

    The matter is simply how we choose to view our lives. Are not our lives made up and filled with more than the tangible and quantifiable? Yes they are. We are surrounded by love, mercy, hope, forgiveness, compassion, joy, mystery, and revelation. Is it any wonder that there are moments in our lives that we cannot explain or understand?

  So it seems to me that this morning’s Gospel reading can serve as a mirror of sorts. As my Old Testament professor used to say, “We read the Gospels and let them read us.” This morning we can begin to see ourselves in our response to the Gospel. Are we people limited by probabilities and proofs or are we willing to be people of faith in the boundless opportunities of God’s grace? Or are we willing to offer the loaves and fishes our lives in the hope and joy that God can and does still work miracles?

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15 reasons I could only give a 2-Star #Review for The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide, 2015

I received an Advance Review Copy (ARC) of The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide and promised to write and post an honest review here on my own blog and on at lesat one other ebook site (see links, below) in exchange.

Self-publishing Ultimate cover

The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide

PERSONAL NOTE: This Guide already received some excellent endorsements from “heavy-hitters” in the Indie-Publishing industry, several of whom happen to be my unofficial mentors: Mark Coker of Smashwords, Joanna Penn of The Creative Penn, and Joan Stewart, The Publicity Hound, to name a few.

I’m daring to add to and not to agree with these experts’ opinions, here. If I were you, I’d also go read theirs! And, please: I’m trying to be constructive, so I give a lot of recommendations and make many pleas. It’s not just a pan.

I wanted to like this book. I wanted to give it 5 stars. I cannot.

The best thing I can say about this is that the editors promise that they want it to be improved and added to quarterly or annually.

I am NOT trying to be snarky or mean. I genuinely went in with high hopes and expectations, given all the hype and positive endorsements this Guide has had. These hopes were dashed in the first few chapters and it did not get better as I went along.

I hope they will take my critique and others’ feedback to make the Guide better, not just longer.

Here are my 15 reasons for giving Guide only 2 stars:

  1. Why isn’t this an actual GUIDE? Why is the Guide almost entirely just a lot of somewhat organized lists?
    Instead of directing, informing, and assisting new indie authors with each selected aspect (and I do like the aspects, or chapters, they decided to include), there is a lot of information not given. This info is either missing, such as the reasons a writer would need to use a section or how to use the information provided, or withheld, such as the providing of a rating system or users’ experiences for each resource—annotations, as in YELP or Angie’s List—for each entry.
    If we wanted to acquire a list of resources, we could do that from many other places.
    The editors say these have been vetted, but where is the evidence of that? What did they assess? Why don’t they include their assessments, or a summary of why each listing is “better” than those not included, and for what, exactly?
    I was very disappointed in the editors’ lack of interaction with each listing provided. They seem to have merely collected a lot of self-written descriptions or blurbs about each entry (meaning, written by each resource provider, not the editors or users) and put the selected listings in alphabetical order.
    Since they say they vetted each entry and rejected some, why aren’t we reading more about WHY they included each entry?
    If I had paid for this “GUIDE,” I’d want a refund.

  2. This book was poorly written and edited. However, the authors’ long, impressive bios (see below) list extensive experiences in editing and proofreading. They also exhort the need for both in this Guide .
    However, even though I wasn’t looking for or expecting to find mistakes, find them I did. There were numerous mistakes in grammar, punctuation and syntax as well as inexcusably sloppy and poor writing in almost every one of their brief intros/summaries for each section/chapter. Finding so many problems was surprising and very disappointing.

  3. The editors mention more than once a warning to readers to “read the fine print” if they choose to enter into contracts, but nowhere do they provide any tips or hints about exactly what to watch out for, what to avoid, what to accept. Why?
    Their advice is so vague as to be trite and useless; without specifics, they’re not helping anyone. Why not a chapter on “Don’ts” or “Beware of…”?
    [It’s as if they started to write a guide and then, halfway through, made it a listing service instead. It makes me wonder if there was some money exchanging hands, ensuring certain listings and keeping out others.
    Is that just my inner cynic talking? There is no evidence of resource providers’ purchasing their listings….]

  4. Why did they not include a chapter on authors’ support networking? There are so many indie authors’ forums, Kindle Boards, authors’ groups, etc.
    If they take my advice and add that chapter, I hope they make notations as to which resources/ groups/ providers are fee-based and which are free, and what the fee ranges are, if applicable, and what the fees avail members of, specifically.
    Fee information is crucial but missing from every chapter.
    Also, I hope they weed out the “review swap” groups, since these violate Amazon’s Terms of Service, and I hope they would EXPLAIN the TOS violation consequences (removal of reviews, for example) in their new chapter.

  5. Why is there a chapter on websites for authors? What makes a website for authors particularly unique vs. a website for bloggers, e.g., or vs. any other small business? This claim of distinction is never explained, yet there is a chapter devoted to a list of people they are supporting who supposedly create websites “for authors.”
    I’m scratching my head over this. If the editors explained their rationale, I might be on board. However, again, no explanations are given.

  6. There is a chapter devoted to Book Reviews with no mention of the extremely important and controversial issue of paid vs. free reviews, and no annotations as to which of those listed charges authors for providing reviews nor how much they charge.
    These omissions are significant oversights. Must correct in future revisions, please.

  7. There are several chapters that are devoted to formatting one’s book—ebooks vs. print vs. Print On Demand vs. “Short Run” [sic]—with no explanation as to the differences among these formats or which to do first and the reasons.
    Also, what about the issue of whether or not even to have a print version: why? when? at what cost? Many of us do not have any print versions: what are the consequences of going ebook-only for each genre?
    Furthermore, when introducing each type of formatting, there is no explanation about the reasons/ bases for ebooks’ formatting issues or the assistance offered, via Smashwords vs. Amazon, for example, or about difficulties of passing through Smashwords‘ “meatgrinder” successfully and what that success generates in benefits; no mention is made of that nor that Digital2Digital does not use such gate-keeping, for example.
    If this is truly going to serve as a guide, MORE ANNOTATIONS and information are needed.

  8. What is a Short Run [sic]? I have never heard of it (since I have no print books, yet) and it was not sufficiently explained (nor hyphenated?). Why include it if not also to explain more completely what it is?

  9. Several key “players” were omitted, which I know can be corrected, but since some of them provided endorsements or reviews, I’m baffled by their absences. Many of those missing are very prominent in the blogosphere, Google+ or Twitter but not so much on Facebook. What about those who shine on Pinterest, Instagram, or Tsu?
    Maybe these editors not as active on the other social media platforms? The Book Marketing Tools and its free ebooks listing tool, e.g., were not included.
    In order to be an actual GUIDE and not just a list, part of this chapter should include annotations giving pros and cons of authors’ activity on each platform and who the leaders are on each.

  10. Social media platforms are the not the only places authors need to “go” or be “seen.” Start with: Blog Talk Radio shows that feature authors and books, like Indie Books with Will Wilson, The Backporch Writer with Kori Miller, and so many more; Google+ LIVE and taped Hangouts on Air, such as my show, CHANGES, which then go to Youtube; D’vorah Lansky’s and others’ teleseminars and webinars devoted to books, book marketing and authors; The Authors Show, A Book and a Chat and many others on their own “channels”; podcasts and other shows, such as The Author Hangout, with Shawn Manaher and R.J. Adams, via iTunes and other sources, and so many more.
    Please request and create a chapter with annotated listings of opportunities of this type and how to access them.

  11. There was no mention of Amazon’s Kindle Unlimited and the controversies/problems indie authors face regarding this, nor was a distinction made between Kindle Select and Kindle Direct.
    These are exactly the types of explanations missing from this book that need to be put in, please.

  12. Why was there such a small number of “Social Media Consultants” included? I could come up with more than that, yet I am not one myself nor have I used one.
    The editors need to do better outreach, here, and a LOT of annotating, since many who call themselves “experts” are NOT; I know vetting is something these editors say they have been doing, so let’s see the results.

  13. There needs to be more info about money. For example, if the chapter on contests and awards is going to be useful as more then an incomplete list, each entry needs to be annotated to include info on entry fees and deadlines as well as more about the actual value of winning or placing in each.
    These contests can take a lot of time: show us what’s required, specifically, to enter, please, and what we might gain from winning.
    Great to include a chapter on acquiring funding, too, but that also seemed a bit “light.” There are many more opportunities out there, but at least there were several clearinghouses, like C. Hope Clark’s Funds for Writers, listed.
    Such lacks make this book more of a jumping-off point than a guide, though.

  14. I also don’t understand why those who provide services in more than one area (as delineated by these editors) are not dually or triply listed, as often ought to be the case. Readers/users will find resources only in the chapters they go to skim and may not read other chapters at all.
    For example, Judith Briles is listed for her private site, but Author U is not listed at all, anywhere I could find.
    I know it would make the Guide longer, but there must be a way to show readers that a listing appears elsewhere in the book, or could appear elsewhere (and in what chapters) but editors decided to list each resource only once for space reasons, right?

  15. I do not think Book Promoters are the same as book PR people, but perhaps I’m alone in this. In any case, I think having the word “Promoters” missing from the chapter headings is confusing.

If/when most or all of these omissions, errors and improvements are managed, I’d love to see that version. Or, maybe they should change the title from “Ultimate Resource Guide” to “Resource Compendium” or “Resource Listings.” They’d have fewer changes to make if they did that.

I wouldn’t think that would be as useful, though, as my revised version could be. I hope SOMEONE makes that version!

Meanwhile, although I believe The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide may be worthwhile as a starting point, it is far from being the “Ultimate Resource Guide” at this point.

Any newbie to self-publishing would have to pick up many other and better guides to make this one useful.

On their book’s website, in the FAQs, they state: “We plan to update the ebook edition of The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide monthly after the launch, eventually moving to a quarterly update. The print edition will be updated once each year, so we’ll have a new edition reflecting all the changes at the end of 2015.”

Proof? they post this excellent exhortation/invitation on the “CONTACT” page:

The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide is a living document.

Although we have tried to gather the most valuable resources for indie authors, it’s inevitable that some have been missed, and new products and services are constantly being introduced. We want your help to make it even better. If you know of a person, company, product, or service of value to independent authors that’s not included in this guide, please let us know. You can send submissions to be included in the next edition of The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide by the contact form below. Thank you.

Essential Qualification Guidelines for those who wish to be listed in The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide.

Extensive, professional experience in serving the self-publishing community.
A current, informative, interactive website.
Complete contact information; location (city, state/province, country), phone number, email address, and contact person if applicable.
Outstanding reputation; positive client/customer testimonials and/or reviews.
The final decision on all listings is at the editors’ discretion.

Note: Personal connection or recommendation of resource/business, is meant for anyone who is recommending someone else’s business. Say you are an author and use an editor not listed in the book. You can put that into the submission as your connection (I am an author who uses these services) and recommendation (what you think of the services you receive). It would not apply to someone who is asking for their own company to be included.

For more information: http://www.spresourceguide.com/

Ebook Purchase and Review Links:
Amazon (Kindle): http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00QSKUS2Q/
B&N (Nook): http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-self-publisherr-joel-friedlander/1120927172?ean=2940150138957
Kobo: http://store.kobobooks.com/en-US/ebook/the-self-publisher-s-ultimate-resource-guide
Apple (iBooks): https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/self-publishers-ultimate-resource/id950440919?mt=11

The Authors/Editors:

Joel Friedlander
“…is an award-winning book designer and blogger who has been launching the careers of self-publishers since 1994 from his book design and consulting practice at Marin Bookworks in San Rafael, California. Joel is a self-published author and the blogger behind http://TheBookDesigner.com, a popular and award-winning blog on book design, book marketing, and the future of the book. Joel is also the founder of The Self-Publishing Roadmap, a training course for authors, and http://TheBookMakers.com and http://BookDesignTemplates.com, where he provides tools and services for authors who publish their own books. He speaks often at publishing industry events and is a past president of the Bay Area Independent Publishers Association.”

Betty Kelly Sargent
“…is the founder of BookWorks, and the founder of The Educated Author, and writes a monthly column on self-publishing for Publishers Weekly. She is a member of the Independent Editors Group (EIG) and has spent more than 30 years in the traditional publishing business, most recently as editor-in-chief of William Morrow, where at one point she had three books on the New York Times best-seller list at once. She has also been executive editor at HarperCollins, executive editor at Delacorte Press, Fiction and Books editor at Cosmopolitan magazine, and book reviewer for CNN. She is the author of seven traditionally published books and one self-published book. She moderates panels and workshops in New York City and Los Angeles and is passionate about helping indie authors learn to navigate the ever-changing landscape of self-publishing.”

Copyright © 2015 Marin Bookworks, All rights reserved.

The Self-Publisher’s Ultimate Resource Guide Editors,
Joel Friedlander and Betty Kelly Sargent
Marin Bookworks


The price of Nexo (NEXO) continued to fall on June 15 as crypto lending firms continue to be shaken by the falling cryptocurrency market.

Meanwhile, Nexo has denied rumors of exposure to Three Arrows Capital (3AC), a Dubai-based crypto fund facing insolvency risks.

NEXO price suffers on DeFi contagion fears

NEXO, which serves as a security token at a cryptocurrency lending platform of the same name, fell nearly 25% to $0.61 a unit, its lowest price reading since January 2021.

The massive intraday decline came as a part of a broader downside move this week, which stretched NEXO’s losses to 40%.

NEXO/USDT weekly price chart. Source: TradingView

An ongoing contagion in the crypto lending sector contributed to NEXO’s underperformance.

Traders fear that most DeFi/CeFi firms, which offer high yields to clients on their cryptocurrency deposits, will default on their debts due to the wipeout of nearly $1.5 trillion from the crypto market in 2022.

The concerns continue to mount after the collapse of Terra, a $40 billion algorithmic stablecoin project, in May.

A month later, Celsius Network, which offers clients up to 18% yields, paused withdrawals due to “extreme market conditions.” Its clients have pulled almost half of their assets out of the platform since October 2021, thus leaving it about $12 billion as of May 17 to meet debt obligations.

Meanwhile, 3AC, a crypto hedge fund, has witnessed liquidations of at least $400 million. In addition, on-chain data reveals that the firm may also have a minimum debt of $183 million against a collateral position of $235 million (derived in Staked Ether).

The fund could transfer the economic risks to its lenders if it becomes insolvent.

“The lenders will bear the PnL [profit and loss] difference between how much they are owed versus what they get in liquidating their collateral,” noted Degentrading, a market commentator known for highlighting the Celsius Network’s liquidation issues.

He added:

“That means defaults will cause SIGNIFICANT EQUITY erosion […] Not all lenders are made equal. Celsius is the worst. It has gone under. Nexo, I don’t know. BlockFi is pretty bad as well.”

However, Nexo says it currently has no exposure to 3AC despite partnering with the fund over a nonfungible token (NFT) lending product in December 2021. The firm asserts that the partnership with 3AC did not take off.

What’s next for the NEXO token?

Nexo has 100% liquidity to meet its $4.96 billion worth of debt obligations, according to U.S.-based audit firm Armanino. That raises the firm’s potential to avoid a liquidity crisis in the event of a rising withdrawal rate, unlike Celsius.

Nonetheless, NEXO price treads ahead under persistent bearish risks, primarily due to the crypto market’s dire state in a high interest rate environment. The NEXO/USD pair now eyes the $0.58-$0.69 range as its interim support due to its historical significance from December 2020-January 2021.

NEXO/USD weekly price chart. Source: TradingView

A rebound from the $0.58-0.69 range could have NEXO bulls eye $0.883 as their interim upside target. This level was instrumental as support during the early-May price crash; it now coincides with the 0.786 Fibonacci retracement graph drawn from the $0.11-swing low to the $3.71-swing high.

Related: Is the bottom in? Raoul Pal, Scaramucci load up, Novogratz and Hayes weigh in

Conversely, a decline below the $0.58-$0.69 range could have NEXO watch December 2020’s support level near $0.43, down around 35% from today’s price.

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Saturday, December 3, 2022 | 10:02 am

Ford Added GT Power (and Fun) to the Mach-E

The Ford Mustang Mach-E GT suffers from long-name syndrome. Most of it has to do with cramming with the word “Mustang” onto the front, which has really angered some Mustang owners on the internet. They can be mad all they want because the GT is a great addition to the Mustang lineage, even though it’s an electric SUV.

Starting at over $60,000, the GT is not cheap fun, but it is exhilarating enough that if you’re in the market for a Mach-E and crave an all-wheel-drive torque machine, you owe it to yourself to hop in the driver’s seat for a road test. As for the tech, it’s getting better but there are a few issues we hope Ford will rectify in the future.


SpaceX Launches 47 Starlink Satellites into Orbit, Falcon 9 Aces 11th Landing

Between SpaceX launching cargo for various branches of the U.S. military and deploying its own satellites for Starlink internet, the space exploration company’s launch calendar stays busy year-round.

47 new Starlink satellites were deployed on Wednesday morning following a successful launch of the same morning, as was confirmed hours later by @SpaceX.

The launch took place at the Kennedy Space Center launch complex in Cape Canaveral, Florida.

The launch also marked this Falcon 9 first-stage booster’s 11th flight (B1060), including eight total Starlink missions and other notable missions including GPS III-3, Turksat-5A and Transporter-2.

While the launch used the Falcon 9 booster for liftoff, SpaceX plans to begin using the Starship spacecraft with the first launch now delayed until, at least, March 28 by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

SpaceX was also awarded more space station crew missions by NASA earlier this year, with a contract running through March 31, 2028.

SpaceX also accused Viasat of trying to access trade secrets through the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

Recently SpaceX deployed Starlink internet in Ukraine amidst the ongoing Russian invasion.

The U.S. company also delivered Starlink satellites to Tonga after a volcanic eruption caused a single undersea fiber-optic cable to shut down the internet for the entire country.

You can watch the full replay of Wednesday’s launch below:


Any business that relies on managing yard assets can benefit from yard management software (YMS). This type of software streamlines and optimizes yard operations, which leads to increased efficiency and profitability.

In this guide, we’ll cover the following topics:

What is yard management software?

The challenges of yard management

The impact of COVID-19 on yard management

How to choose the right yard management software for your business

Why is Ubisense’s YMS so special?

yard management ubisense

What is Yard Management Software?

Yard management software (YMS) is a tool that helps businesses manage their yards more effectively. This shouldn’t be confused with a Yard Management System, which refers to both the yard management software and the data gathering hardware (sensors, tags, mobile apps, GPS etc). Typical YMS includes features such as gate management, asset tracking, and appointment scheduling. The system is not designed to replace inventory monitoring or warehouse management systems but can work in tandem with them. Using sensors, tags of various sizes, mobile apps, and dashboards, the yard management system can generate and process vast amounts of data, which is then processed into dashboards by specialised yard management software. The software can pinpoint dysfunctional patterns, such as failed deliveries and missing personnel and equipment and offer solutions for those issues.

By ensuring that the right people, vehicles, and equipment are in the right places at the right time, many common errors associated with warehouses and transportation services will be diminished and profits will increase.

Most yard management systems will deploy a sensor system and tags which attach directly to vehicles and inventory. These tags come in many varieties, and different yard management systems will employ different sensor technologies with different benefits and disbenefits. Sensors making use of UWB (Ultra-Wideband) radio signals are becoming common due to their precision and ability to avoid interference from Wi-Fi and other radio signals. You can read about Ubisense’s market-leading DIMENSION4™ UWB technology here.

By using YMS, businesses can gain a far better oversight of their yard’s processes, improve the efficiency of their operations, and reduce costs.

The Challenges of Yard Management

There are many challenges that come with managing a yard. For example, you need to be able to track assets accurately so that you can prevent theft and loss. You also need to be able to efficiently schedule appointments so that customers are not left waiting. Furthermore, you need to be able to manage gates so that unauthorized people do not enter the premises. Much of this work will involve physically moving around the yard, checking on various assets, inventory, and personnel. YMS reduces the amount of time needed performing checks around a site. It also reduces the amount of time spent on radio communication as shuttle drivers can start electronically verifying completion of movement requests.

One core challenge is the lack of integration between various logistics systems being used within yard environments. Different platforms used for fleet and inventory management often don’t report in real-time, or connect to each other efficiently. This leads to resources being mishandled, vehicle traffic, increased labour and equipment costs and a strain on working relationships.

But a newer issue driving the evolution of yard management systems and their adoption is the increasing complexities of consumer demands.

As e-commerce continues to proliferate, extra pressure is placed on the logistics industry as it deals with increased demand, sudden changes in demand, and tighter deadlines. Yard software is helping the most forward-thinking companies remain competitive by providing real-time data and predictive insights into systems that are often too complex for traditional management methods (and software solutions) to monitor and interpret.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Yard Management

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on businesses that rely on yard management. For example, many businesses have had to reduce their workforce due to the pandemic. This has led to an increase in the use of automated systems, such as YMS, to manage yards effectively. Furthermore, the pandemic has resulted in a decrease in customer demand for some businesses. This has led to an increase in the need for appointment scheduling and other features offered by YMS.

Another effect of the pandemic is a change in attitude to stockpiling inventory. Before the pandemic, a lean model of manufacturing and logistics was usually adopted, where businesses received their goods just in time for manufacturing or delivery, keeping cost slow and utilizing space efficiently. But the pandemic revealed the flaws in this model, as many businesses struggled to procure basic resources. Now many businesses are storing inventory, and the result is a greater need for efficient inventory management.

How to Choose the Right Yard Management Software for Your Business

When choosing a YMS system for your business, there are a few things you should keep in mind. First, you need to consider the size of your business and your budget. There are many different YMS systems available on the market, some are only designed for small yards and indoor/outdoor environments. Many use sensors which are far less accurate than the most up-to-date equipment, and therefore are more limited in their applications. Secondly, you need to consider your specific needs. Each business has different requirements when it comes to managing their yards. As such, you need to make sure you choose a system that offers the features you need – software and sensor systems can often be tailored to your precise requirements. Lastly, you should consider the future needs of your business when choosing a YMS system. As your business grows, your needs will change, so you need to make sure you choose a system that can grow with your business.

Why is Ubisense’s Yard Management System special?

Part of what makes the Ubisense Yard Management System unique is its ability to seamlessly locate assets across both indoor and outdoor storage areas, while maintaining precise, interference-free data. The Ubisense software visualizes all your assets in real-time in a browser-based map, allowing you to set alerts for forgotten or ageing assets, create digital twins of your yard, and track space utilization.

The bespoke nature of Ubisense’s software and its use by leading organizations around the world has helped it evolve into a market-leading product.  To find out more about Ubisense’s Yard Management Software, please click here.

Yard management software (YMS) is a tool that can help businesses improve the efficiency of their operations and reduce costs. There are many different types of YMS systems available on the market, so it is important that you choose one that is right for your business. When selecting a YMS system for your business, you should consider the size of your business and your budget as well as your specific needs. You should also consider the future needs of your business when making your decision.


A customized research paper can correct grammar checker be achieved by a range of distinct procedures. There are individuals who think in self-editing and people that believe in the demand for skilled aid. If you are considering changing your current work fashion, it may be a good idea to ascertain which strategy will work best for you personally.

One of the fastest and easiest approaches to change a person’s research paper production is to read a number of unique cases of research papers written by successful pupils before you start. You can use this information to assist you devise a summary for your paper. The purpose of the outline would be to give you a starting point that will permit you to draw a map to your own research project.

When creating a research document, there are particular abilities that are required to enable a student become a successful writer. These skills include research skills, writing skills, and critical thinking abilities. These three main abilities all help make the documents which are going to be used on your work.

While researching a topic, it’s a vital portion of a student’s research to be aware of the purpose of each source that they utilize. Doing research doesn’t have to be frustrating, but using resources from undependable or contentious websites will typically permit you to question your own job. It is best to acquire several references from reputable sources before you employ them.

The most crucial components of study involve carefully compiling study, analyzing and recording the information and the truth. Data, facts and thoughts need to be organized and presented correctly. Researching is an very important element of a pupil’s academic life and it is a skill that are continuously becoming free essay corrector more important with each passing year.

Using a printed research paper to make a portfolio of academic accomplishments is a fantastic way to demonstrate your skills as a student. Although it is a good concept to keep private endeavors separate from professional projects, it can be useful to keep numerous projects with the exact subject matter on hand. Maintaining the same research paper available and having the ability to observe how well you are doing on a given assignment can help motivate you to perform better on future ones.

Anyone who plans to release a research paper should understand the importance of an excellent research instrument. A study document can be kept current using new technology, but it must still stay objective and not focus on individual attacks on other people. Some study tools, like spreadsheets, may also be too tedious to your hectic schedule.

Creating a custom research paper can be extremely fascinating, but it takes a great deal of effort and time. Custom research paper is meant to be a document which contains precise, verifiable information about an individual. Creating a personalized research paper can be as simple as buying an outline from a resource such as Kijiji or EWallpaper that is designed specifically for creating a custom research paper.


Hong-Wei Dong, M.D., Ph.D.

Research Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology

VKC Member

Overview of Interests

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe progressive genetic neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by loss of acquired spoken language and volitional hand skills and is associated with cognitive and motor impairments, seizures, sleep disturbance, and apnea. There remains no defined disease-modifying or reversing treatments in RTT. Without well-validated and translatable treatment-response biomarkers in RTT, it limited the progress of preclinical and clinical trials. Dr. Dong's interests focus on characterizing the neurophysiological features in the mouse model of RTT and evaluate their feasibilities of serving as biomarkers to predict disease progress and evaluate phenotypic improvement and treatment responses in preclinical trials, and further exploring their applicability of being translational biomarkers in clinics.


Clutch Index

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Clutch Index

What is the main difference between average and clutch individual?

Can we predict when an individual is at risk of losing insanity? What can accelerate an individual mental fatigue recovery?

What sorts and intensity of stress or stimulus will be most effective for an individual to enhance performance level?

How do we precisely predict mental breakdown to a specific individual with constant allostatic load?

If you don’t understand what’s going on with the underlying biological ‘state’ of subatomic level of cells themselves, you can’t make a prediction about what is going to change brain performance, decision making neuro-pathway or stress tolerance.

Clutch index is pioneering new generations of stress computational models using the biometric, performance and lifestyle data.

The goal is to bring these computation models "to life" by introducing various ratio between performance, biometric and lifestyle data so that a real time brain heat map model can be generated to reflect the change in different brain functionalities during limbic activation.

Clutch index computation model is to figure out how to incorporate multidisciplinary data into dynamic brain heat map to aid prediction related to pH level, homeostasis, stress tolerance, neuronal synchronization and brainwave ratio. User combines both PGI and Clutch Index app to carry out different stress induced assessments to reflect what’s happening to the limbic system and autonomous nervous system.

Putting the pieces together

Clutch index computation model identifies lifestyle, performance and biometric changes that point to developmental stage of different brain functionalities and limbic system deactivation. At least 8 assessments are needed to validate initial baseline data.

At each subsequent assessment, the Clutch index computation model will then be able to apply insights or coefficient that emerge from this feedback loop between BrainFuel index and Clutch Index scores to predict performance level of different brain functionalities. Biomarkers in sweat, saliva or blood; or information that can be picked up via non-invasive imaging tools, will help to improve predictive accuracy of the computation model.

It has been scientifically proven that brain performance deteriorates when limbic system hijacks the prefrontal cortex of our brain. The Clutch index app provides first of its kind self-guided platform to understand the impact of our lifestyle choice on change associated with performance in sport and life.

G Lab APP unique algorithm provides a glimpse of user true cognitive performance under both emotional and physical stress

- getting Heart Rate from Apple HealthKit/WatchKit, provide insights of stress level our body is being subjected to
- posture provides insight of physical deform caused by stressors
- benchmark performance data provides insight of the normal performance level
- emotional stress performance data provides insight of performance level under panic attack
- physical stress performance data provides insight of performance level under physical fatigue
Veritas Index Institute


How Much A Master Electrician Makes In Los Angeles?

Approximately how much does a Master Electrician earn in Los Angeles, California? As of January 27, 2022, the average Master Electrician pay in Los Angeles, California is $77,100, with the range frequently falling between $68,400 and $87,100.

While salaries as high as $103,233 and as low as $39,176 have been reported on ZipRecruiter, the majority of Master Electrician salaries currently range between $59,293 (25th percentile) and $83,645 (75th percentile), with the highest earners (90th percentile) earning $97,410 per year in Los Angeles, according to the most recent data.

What is the highest pay for a master electrician?

Master Electricians Earnings: Salary Ranges Master Electricians earn incomes ranging from $10,074 to $268,002 in the United States, with a typical wage of $48,896 per year. Among Master Electricians, the middle 57 percent earns between $48,896 and $121,614, with the top 86 percent earning $268,002.

How much money do electricians make in Los Angeles?

In Los Angeles, CA, the average hourly wage for an electrician is $26.47, with an additional $9,750 in overtime pay each year.

What are the highest paid electricians?

  1. The following are the highest-paying electrical occupations: Substation technician, maintenance electrician, lineman, electrical foreman, industrial electrician, solar installation, and substation technician are all terms used to describe electrical technicians. The national average compensation for an automation technician is $69,423 per year. The average annual wage in the United States is $78,818.

How much does a journeyman electrician make in Los Angeles?

Depending on experience, Journeyman Electricians in Los Angeles, CA can earn anywhere from $31,410 to $88,130 a year, with a median salary of $68,540. In the United States, the middle 50 percent of Journeyman Electricians earns $51,880 per year, with the top 75 percent earning $88,130 per year.

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How much does a certified electrician make in California?

Electricians in California earned an annual median income of $69,956, or $33.64 per hour, in 2021, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This is the point at which half of the workers earn more and half earn less than the median wage rate.

What is the highest paid trade?

  1. Trade Jobs with the Highest Wages Workers in the fields of radiation therapy, nuclear medicine technology, dental hygiene, electrical and electronic engineering technicians, aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and technicians, boilermakers, construction and building inspectors, and electricians are among those who work in these fields.

How long does it take to become an electrician?

The time required to become a certified and licensed electrical worker can be as little as 2 years for an electrical serviceperson and as long as 4 years for a licensed electrician or electrical engineer.

How much do HVAC techs make in Los Angeles?

In Los Angeles, CA, the typical wage for an HVAC technician is $24.55 per hour, with $8,000 in overtime compensation each year. There have been 289 salaries recorded as of February 16, 2022.

How much does a welder make?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for welders in 2018 was $41,380. (The median average implies that 50 percent of welders in the United States earned less than that and 50 percent earned more than that.

Do electricians make good money in California?

The most often cited advantages In California, the average hourly wage for an electrician is $29.97, with an additional $9,750 in overtime pay each year. On February 23, 2022, 2.3k wages were recorded, the most recent salary data available.

See also:  What Is The Altitude In Denver Colorado?

Are electricians wealthy?

Some electricians earn more than $100,000.00 each year. The salaries of others are $35,000.00 or less per year. According to the Department of Labor, the median salary is $52,720, which appears to be about appropriate for the ordinary ″Journeyman″ electrician. Benefits are a significant consideration when determining remuneration, and they can range from excellent to nonexistent.

Are electricians in demand in California?

The number of Electricians in California is predicted to expand at a quicker pace than the average growth rate for all occupations in the state. Between 2018 and 2028, the number of employment for electricians is predicted to grow by 9.6 percent, or 7,500 new positions.

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 Photosynthesis Worksheets
If humans could undergo the process of photosynthesis, lunch time would be much different. We would just sunbathe.

Approximately 85% of the world's oxygen is due to this process. That is why if the sun were to suddenly stop producing light, not only would it be dark; we would not be able to breathe much longer. These worksheets explore all aspects of the process of photosynthesis. This collective series of worksheets helps students investigate this process and examine where it happens. We move on to understand the chemistry that takes place in this process and how we have used that knowledge to mimic the process and create our own energy artificially. We also spend a good amount of time understanding the organisms that can perform this much needed activity.

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Printable Photosynthesis Worksheets

Click the buttons to print each worksheet and answer key.

What is Photosynthesis Worksheet

What is It?

Plant respiration is the opposite of ours, since we breathe out carbon dioxide and plants breathe out oxygen.

What is Photosynthesis Question Worksheet

What is It? Questions

Different kinds of plants need differing amounts of sunlight and water to thrive.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheet

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Together, photosynthesis and cellular respirations are the basis of all life on Earth. The oxygen that is released by plants during photosynthesis is used by humans and almost all other organisms for our cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Question Worksheet

QUESTIONS: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Which process requires carbon dioxide and gives off oxygen?

Carbon Worksheet

Activities like eating and excretion are also part of the carbon cycle, as carbon is being taken into and passed back out of living organisms.

Carbon Question Worksheet

When we burn these substances, the energy that plants once captured from the sun through photosynthesis is released back out into the atmosphere.

Artificial Photosynthesis Worksheet

Artificial Photosynthesis

This technology, which is called direct solar water splitting, could also be adjusted in order to turn carbon dioxide back into fuel.

Artificial Photosynthesis Question Worksheet

QUESTIONS: Artificial Photosynthesis

Why is producing hydrogen fuel currently hard on the environment?

Photosynthetic Organisms Worksheet

Photosynthetic Organisms

Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that do not contain a nucleus.

Photosynthetic Organisms Question Worksheet

QUESTIONS: Photosynthetic Organisms

Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria all use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide.

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis Worksheet

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

In this process while sunlight is still used to fix carbon, during the reaction something other than water donates an electron.

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis Question Worksheet

QUESTIONS: Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

How is green nonsulfur bacteria different from green sulfur bacteria?

Chloroplasts Worksheet

Only plants and photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts. Simple cells, like those of photosynthetic algae, may only contain several chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts Question Worksheet

QUESTIONS: Chloroplasts

Where exactly within the chloroplast is chlorophyll located?

Light and Dark Reactions Worksheet

Light and Dark Reactions

In the first step, sunlight is captured by the chloroplasts when molecules of chlorophyll absorb energy (in the form of sunlight).

Light and Dark Reactions Question Worksheet

QUESTIONS: Light and Dark Reactions

What other methods are there for an organism to use CO2 to make sugars?

Artificial Light Worksheet

Artificial Light

There are some key differences between sunlight and artificial light. Though artificial lights can mimic the full spectrum of natural light, the energy emitted by an artificial light in the red and blue spectrums does not have as much energy as the red and blue spectrums of natural sunlight.

Artificial Light Question Worksheet

QUESTIONS: Artificial Light

What kind of light was warm, indoor lighting contain a lot of?

Water and Heat Worksheet

Water and Heat

One of the characteristics of global warming is an increase of carbon dioxide in the air.

Water and Heat Question Worksheet

QUESTIONS: Water and Heat

How can prolonged stress from drought affect a plant?

How Photosynthesis Works

Photosynthesis is the primary source of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. As almost all living forms on the planet need oxygen, life would soon cease to exist without photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis works through a process where plants (as well as algae and cyanobacteria) generate energy from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is then released into the atmosphere as a byproduct of the reaction.

All living things on the planet need energy in order to survive. Humans take their food in through their mouths as they eat all types of different things. Plants on the other hand get their energy from the light given off by the sun. Three things need to be present for a plant to be able to undergo photosynthesis this includes: carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water. Plants take the carbon dioxide in through little holes in their leaves called stomata. The plant absorbs water from the soil using roots and gets that water to the rest of the body. As the sunlight passes through the leaves of the plants it travels through ton of chloroplasts found within the leaf. Within those chloroplasts the water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen leaves the leaf and the remaining hydrogen and carbon dioxide are used to form glucose which is a usable form of energy for the plant.

The Mechanism of Photosynthesis

As mentioned, the three components essential for photosynthesis are sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Together, they transform light energy into chemical energy.

Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy that life forms can use. They also form the basis of the food chain, passing that energy to other species. The beauty of photosynthesis is that oxygen is released as a byproduct of the reaction, filling the atmosphere with the gas all living forms depend on. If you come to think about it, photosynthesis is probably the most important biological process of all.

However, it is important to note that while plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis, they also have respiratory processes during which they do the opposite. About half the amount of carbon dioxide plants consume is released by them as a result of cellular respiration.

Light-Dependent Reactions

Light-dependent reactions happen during the day, as they require a constant supply of light.

Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll that is contained in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are organelles contained in the leaves, and chlorophyll is a ferment that absorbs the energy from red and blue light waves. Chlorophyll also makes plants appear green, as it reflects green light.

Then, the light energy is converted into chemical energy. To perform this stage, plants need water. The light energy is used to start a reaction and split the water molecule, which allows releasing chemical energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) molecules. While H (hydrogen) later becomes a part of a glucose molecule, O2 (oxygen) is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.

Light-Independent Reactions

Light independent reactions do not require light streams and thus happen during the night. This stage is also known as the Calvin Cycle.

Carbon dioxide enters the pores called stomata which are usually located at the bottom of a leaf. Then, carbon dioxide molecules are diffused into the stroma, the protein-containing matrix between the thylakoid membranes and the chloroplast membranes.

Stroma is where the rest of the process happens. The chemical energy released during the previous stage in the forms of ATP and NADPH is used to extract carbon from carbon dioxide and later form a glucose molecule. It requires six molecules of carbon dioxide, and therefore six turns of the cycle, to create one molecule of glucose.

A Short Summary of Photosynthesis

Here's a brief overview of the steps involved in photosynthesis to help you quickly grasp how the process works.

  1. Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, a ferment contained in leaves.
  2. Light energy is converted into chemical energy: light energy is used to split a water molecule. The reaction releases chemical energy.
  3. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct of the reaction.
  4. Carbon dioxide enters through pores called stomata and is moved into a stroma.
  5. In the stroma, previously released chemical energy is used to extract carbon from carbon dioxide. Carbon is then used to form a glucose molecule (sugar).

While oxygen is produced as a result of photosynthesis, the primary function of the process for plants is producing energy in the form of sugars. Oxygen is only a byproduct that gets released into the atmosphere. Still, photosynthesis is not only the basic source of energy for all living creatures but also the primary source of oxygen in our atmosphere.


Cambridge 15 IELTS Academic Reading Test 2

Could urban engineers learn from dance?

The way we travel around cities has a major impact on whether they are sustainable. Transportation is estimated to account for 30% of energy consumption in most of the world’s most developed nations, so lowering the need for energy-using vehicles is essential for decreasing the environmental impact of mobility. But as more and more people move to cities, it is important to think about other kinds of sustainable travel too. The ways we travel affect our physical and mental health, our social lives, our access to work and culture, and the air we breathe. Engineers are tasked with changing how we travel round cities through urban design, but the engineering industry still works on the assumptions that led to the creation of the energy-consuming transport systems we have now: the emphasis placed solely on efficiency, speed, and quantitative data. We need radical changes, to make it healthier, more enjoyable, and less environmentally damaging to travel around cities.

Dance might hold some of the answers. That is not to suggest everyone should dance their way to work, however healthy and happy it might make us, but rather that the techniques used by choreographers to experiment with and design movement in dance could provide engineers with tools to stimulate new ideas in city-making. Richard Sennett, an influential urbanist and sociologist who has transformed ideas about the way cities are made, argues that urban design has suffered from a separation between mind and body since the introduction of the architectural blueprint.

Whereas medieval builders improvised and adapted construction through their intimate knowledge of materials and personal experience of the conditions on a site, building designs are now conceived and stored in media technologies that detach the designer from the physical and social realities they are creating. While the design practices created by these new technologies are essential for managing the technical complexity of the modern city, they have the drawback of simplifying reality in the process.

To illustrate, Sennett discusses the Peachtree Center in Atlanta, USA, a development typical of the modernist approach to urban planning prevalent in the 1970s. Peachtree created a grid of streets and towers intended as a new pedestrian-friendly downtown for Atlanta. According to Sennett, this failed because its designers had invested too much faith in computer-aided design to tell them how it would operate. They failed to take into account that purpose-built street cafés could not operate in the hot sun without the protective awnings common in older buildings, and would need energy-consuming air conditioning instead, or that its giant car park would feel so unwelcoming that it would put people off getting out of their cars. What seems entirely predictable and controllable on screen has unexpected results when translated into reality.

The same is true in transport engineering, which uses models to predict and shape the way people move through the city. Again, these models are necessary, but they are built on specific world views in which certain forms of efficiency and safety are considered and other experience of the city ignored. Designs that seem logical in models appear counter-intuitive in the actual experience of their users. The guard rails that will be familiar to anyone who has attempted to cross a British road, for example, were an engineering solution to pedestrian safety based on models that prioritise the smooth flow of traffic. On wide major roads, they often guide pedestrians to specific crossing points and slow down their progress across the road by using staggered access points divide the crossing into two – one for each carriageway. In doing so they make crossings feel longer, introducing psychological barriers greatly impacting those that are the least mobile, and encouraging others to make dangerous crossings to get around the guard rails. These barriers don’t just make it harder to cross the road: they divide communities and decrease opportunities for healthy transport. As a result, many are now being removed, causing disruption, cost, and waste.

If their designers had had the tools to think with their bodies – like dancers – and imagine how these barriers would feel, there might have been a better solution. In order to bring about fundamental changes to the ways we use our cities, engineering will need to develop a richer understanding of why people move in certain ways, and how this movement affects them. Choreography may not seem an obvious choice for tackling this problem. Yet it shares with engineering the aim of designing patterns of movement within limitations of space. It is an art form developed almost entirely by trying out ideas with the body, and gaining instant feedback on how the results feel. Choreographers have deep understanding of the psychological, aesthetic, and physical implications of different ways of moving.

Observing the choreographer Wayne McGregor, cognitive scientist David Kirsh described how he ‘thinks with the body’, Kirsh argues that by using the body to simulate outcomes, McGregor is able to imagine solutions that would not be possible using purely abstract thought. This kind of physical knowledge is valued in many areas of expertise, but currently has no place in formal engineering design processes. A suggested method for transport engineers is to improvise design solutions and instant feedback about how they would work from their own experience of them, or model designs at full scale in the way choreographers experiment with groups of dancers. Above all, perhaps, they might learn to design for emotional as well as functional effects.

Should we try to bring extinct species back to life?

The passenger pigeon was a legendary species. Flying in vast numbers across North America, with potentially many millions within a single flock, their migration was once one of nature’s great spectacles. Sadly, the passenger pigeon’s existence came to an end on 1 September 1914, when the last living specimen died at Cincinnati Zoo. Geneticist Ben Novak is lead researcher on an ambitious project which now aims to bring the bird back to life through a process known as ‘de-extinction’. The basic premise involves using cloning technology to turn the DNA of extinct animals into a fertilised embryo, which is carried by the nearest relative still in existence – in this case, the abundant band-tailed pigeon – before being born as a living, breathing animal. Passenger pigeons are one of the pioneering species in this field, but they are far from the only ones on which this cutting-edge technology is being trialled.

In Australia, the thylacine, more commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger, is another extinct creature which genetic scientists are striving to bring back to life. ‘There is no carnivore now in Tasmania that fills the niche which thylacines once occupied,’ explains Michael Archer of the University of New South Wales. He points out that in the decades since the thylacine went extinct, there has been a spread in a ‘dangerously debilitating’ facial tumour syndrome which threatens the existence of the Tasmanian devils, the island’s other notorious resident. Thylacines would have prevented this spread because they would have killed significant numbers of Tasmanian devils. ‘If that contagious cancer had popped up previously, it would have burned out in whatever region it started. The return of thylacines to Tasmania could help to ensure that devils are never again subjected to risks of this kind.’

If extinct species can be brought back to life, can humanity begin to correct the damage it has caused to the natural world over the past few millennia? ‘The idea of de-extinction is that we can reverse this process, bringing species that no longer exist back to life,’ says Beth Shapiro of University of California Santa Cruz’s Genomics Institute. ‘I don’t think that we can do this. There is no way to bring back something that is 100 per cent identical to a species that went extinct a long time ago.’ A more practical approach for long-extinct species is to take the DNA of existing species as a template, ready for the insertion of strands of extinct animal DNA to create something new; a hybrid, based on the living species, but which looks and/or acts like the animal which died out.

This complicated process and questionable outcome begs the question: what is the actual point of this technology? ‘For us, the goal has always been replacing the extinct species with a suitable replacement,’ explains Novak. ‘When it comes to breeding, band-tailed pigeons scatter and make maybe one or two nests per hectare, whereas passenger pigeons were very social and would make 10,000 or more nests in one hectare.’ Since the disappearance of this key species, ecosystems in the eastern US have suffered, as the lack of disturbance caused by thousands of passenger pigeons wrecking trees and branches means there has been minimal need for regrowth. This has left forests stagnant and therefore unwelcoming to the plants and animals which evolved to help regenerate the forest after a disturbance. According to Novak, a hybridized band-tailed pigeon, with the added nesting habits of a passenger pigeon, could, in theory, re-establish that forest disturbance, thereby creating a habitat necessary for a great many other native species to thrive.

Another popular candidate for this technology is the woolly mammoth. George Church, professor at Harvard Medical School and leader of the Woolly Mammoth Revival Project, has been focusing on cold resistance, the main way in which the extinct woolly mammoth and its nearest living relative, the Asian elephant, differ. By pinpointing which genetic traits made it possible for mammoths to survive the icy climate of the tundra, the project’s goal is to return mammoths, or a mammoth-like species, to the area. ‘My highest priority would be preserving the endangered Asian elephant,’ says Church, ‘expanding their range to the huge ecosystem of the tundra. Necessary adaptations would include smaller ears, thicker hair, and extra insulating fat, all for the purpose of reducing heat loss in the tundra, and all traits found in the now extinct woolly mammoth.’ This repopulation of the tundra and boreal forests of Eurasia and North America with large mammals could also be a useful factor in reducing carbon emissions – elephants punch holes through snow and knock down trees, which encourages grass growth. This grass growth would reduce temperature, and mitigate emissions from melting permafrost.

While the prospect of bringing extinct animals back to life might capture imaginations, it is, of course, far easier to try to save an existing species which is merely threatened with extinction. ‘Many of the technologies that people have in mind when they think about de-extinction can be used as a form of “genetic rescue”,’ explains Shapiro. She prefers to focus the debate on how this emerging technology could be used to fully understand why various species went extinct in the first place, and therefore how we could use it to make genetic modifications which could prevent mass extinctions in the future. ‘I would also say there’s an incredible moral hazard to not do anything at all,’ she continues. ‘We know that what we are doing today is not enough, and we have to be willing to take some calculated and measured risks.’

Having a laugh

The findings of psychological scientists reveal the importance of humour

Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli. Laughter is universal across all human cultures and even exists in some form in rats, chimps, and bonobos. Like other human emotions and expressions, laughter and humour psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology, ranging from the development of language to the neuroscience of social perception.

Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. Take, for example, the recorded laughter in TV comedy shows. Back in 1950, US sound engineer Charley Douglass hated dealing with the unpredictable laughter of live audiences, so started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation, such as a crowded theatre. Douglass even recorded various types of laughter, as well as mixtures of laugher from men, women, and children. In doing so, he picked up on a quality of laughter that is now interesting researchers: a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.

In one study conducted in 2016, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A team made up of more than 30 psychological scientists, anthropologists, and biologists then played these recording to listeners from 24 diverse societies, from indigenous tribes in New Guinea to city-dwellers in India and Europe. Participants were asked whether they thought the people laughing were friends or strangers. On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.

Researchers have also found that different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human social hierarchies. A team led by Christopher Oveis from the University of California, San Diego, found that high-status individuals had different laughs from low-status individuals, and that strangers’ judgements of an individual’s social status were influenced by the dominant or submissive quality of their laughter. In their study, 48 male college students were randomly assigned to groups of four, with each group composed of two low-status members, who had just joined their college fraternity group, and two high-status members, older student took a turn at being teased by the others, involving the use of mildly insulting nicknames. Analysis revealed that, as expected, high-status individuals produced more dominant laughs and fewer submissive laughs relative to the low-status individuals. Meanwhile, low-status individuals were more likely to change their laughter based on their position of power; that is, the newcomers produced more dominant laughs when they were in the ‘powerful’ role of teasers. Dominant laughter was higher in pitch, louder, and more variable in tone than submissive laughter.

A random group of volunteers then listened to an equal number of dominant and submissive laughs from both the high- and low-status individuals, and were asked to estimate the social status of the laughter. In line with predictions, laughers producing dominant laughs were perceived to be significantly higher in status than laughers producing submissive laughs. ‘This was particularly true for low-status individuals, who were rated as significantly higher in status when displaying a dominant versus submissive laugh,’ Oveis and colleagues note. ‘Thus, by strategically displaying more dominant laughter when the context allows, low-status individuals may achieve higher status in the eyes of others.’ However, high-status individuals were rated as high-status whether they produced their natural dominant laugh or tried to do a submissive one.

Another study, conducted by David Cheng and Lu Wang of Australian National University, was based on the hypothesis that humour might provide a respite from tedious situations in the workplace. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the replenishment of mental resources. To test this theory, the researchers recruited 74 business students, ostensibly for an experiment on perception. First, the students performed a tedious task in which they had to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip eliciting either humour, contentment, or neutral feelings. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, others a relaxing scene with dolphins swimming in the ocean, and others a factual video about the management profession.

The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. However, the software was programmed such that is was nearly impossible to achieve 10 consecutive correct answers. Participants were allowed to quit the task at any point. Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other two groups.

Cheng and Wang then replicated these results in a second study, during which they had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this tedious task and completed more questions correctly than did the students in either of the other groups.

‘Although humour has been found to help relieve stress and facilitate social relationships, traditional view of task performance implies that individuals should avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals,’ Cheng and Wang conclude. ‘We suggest that humour is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energising.’

READING PASSAGE 1 : Questions 1-13

Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

1. reference to an appealing way of using dance that the writer is not proposing

2. an example of a contrast between past and present approaches to building

3. mention of an objective of both dance and engineering

4. reference to an unforeseen problem arising from ignoring the climate

5. why some measures intended to help people are being reversed

6. reference to how transport has an impact on human lives

Questions 7-13

Complete the summary below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

Guard rails were introduced on British roads to improve the 7.  of pedestrians, while ensuring that the movement of 8.  is not disrupted. Pedestrians are led to access points, and encouraged to cross one 9.  at a time. An unintended effect is to create psychological difficulties in crossing the road, particularly for less 10.  people. Another result is that some people cross the road in a 11.  way. The guard rails separate 12. , and make it more difficult to introduce forms of transport that are 13. .

READING PASSAGE 2 : Questions 14-26

Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

NB   You may use any letter more than once.

14. a reference to how further disappearance of multiple species could be avoided.

15. explanation of a way of reproducing an extinct animal using the DNA of only that species

16. reference to a habitat which has suffered following the extinction of a species

17. mention of the exact point at which a particular species became extinct

Questions 18-22

Complete the summary below.

Write your answers in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

The woolly mammoth revival project

Professor George Church and his team are trying to identify the 18. which enabled mammoths to live in the tundra. The findings could help preserve the mammoth’s close relative, the endangered Asian elephant. According to Church, introducing Asian elephants to the tundra would involve certain physical adaptations to minimise 19.  To survive in the tundra, the species would need to have the mammoth-like features of thicker hair, 20.  of a reduced size and more 21. . Repopulating the tundra with mammoths or Asian elephant/mammoth hybrids would also have an impact on the environment, which could help to reduce temperatures and decrease 22.

Questions 23-26

Look at the following statements (Questions 23-26) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, AB or C.

Write the correct letter, AB or C, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

NB   You may use any letter more than once.

23. Reintroducing an extinct species to its original habitat could improve the health of a particular species living there.

24. It is important to concentrate on the causes of an animal’s extinction.

25. A species brought back from extinction could have an important beneficial impact on the vegetation of its habitat.

26. Our current efforts at preserving biodiversity are insufficient.

READING PASSAGE 3 : Questions 27-40

Choose the correct letter, ABC or D.

27. When referring to laughter in the first paragraphs, the writer emphasises

28. What does the writer suggest about Charley Douglass?

29. What makes the Santa Cruz study particularly significant?

30. Which of the following happened in the San Diego study?

31. In the fifth paragraph, what did the results of the San Diego study suggest?

Questions 32-36

Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below.

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.

The benefits of humour

In one study at Australian National University, randomly chosen groups of participants were shown one of three videos, each designed to generate a different kind of 32. . When all participants were then given a deliberately frustrating task to do, it was found that those who had watched the 33.   video persisted with the task for longer and tried harder to accomplish the task than either of the other two groups.

A second study in which participants were asked to perform a particularly 34.  task produced similar results. According to researchers David Cheng and Lu Wang, these findings suggest that humour not only reduces 35.  and helps build social connections but it may also have a 36.  Effect on the body and mind.

A     laughter               B     relaxing                C     boring

D     anxiety                     stimulating           F     emotion

G     enjoyment           H     amusing

Questions 37-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

37. Participants in the Santa Cruz study were more accurate at identifying the laughs of friends than those of strangers.

38. The researchers in the San Diego study were correct in their predictions regarding the behaviour of the high-status individuals.

39. The participants in the Australian National University study were given a fixed amount of time to complete the task focusing on employee profiles.

40. Cheng and Wang’s conclusions were in line with established notions regarding task performance.

1. B

2. C

3. F

4. D

5. E

6. A

7. safety

8. traffic

9. carriageway

10. mobile

11. dangerous

12. communities

13. healthy

14. F

15. A

16. D

17. A

18. genetic traits

19. heat loss

20. ears

21. (insulating) fat

22. (carbon) emissions

23. B

24. C

25. A

26. C

27. C

28. A

29. B

30. B

31. D

32. F

33. H

34. C

35. D

36. E

38. YES

39. NO

40. NO

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