module 05 assignment supply and demand curve

Write an essay examining how the aggregate demand and supply curve works. Expand on these concepts by exploring long and short run aggregate supply curves. Explain what shifts in these curves means and what equilibrium is and how it is achieved. Illustrate how all of this feeds into the IS/MP model (Investmentâ€“Savings / Monetaryâ€“Policy) in order to forecast the economy or â€œread the tea leaves.â€

This essay should be formatted in APA. The essay content should be 2-4 pages long, and include an additional page with at least two references from distinct sources. You can use your book as one reference and any search engine or library resources (see the Resources tab above) for additional references. Wikipedia is not a credible website and may not be used. You may also import pictures, but it is not required.

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For 2022, International Women’s Day is focusing on #BreakTheBias. It’s clear over the past few decades we have made significant progress and we’re living in more of a gender equal world, yet there’s plenty of room for improvement and growth.

Today, I will be supporting the #BreakTheBias movement and celebrating a world free of bias, stereotypes and discrimination. A world that’s diverse, equitable, and inclusive.

International Women’s Day is also a perfect time to reflect on the past and present inspiring women in our own life.  It’s also a great time to think about ourselves as women and what we have achieved and overcome, therefore, I thought today would be a great time for me to share my advice and top tips on ‘feeling a bit stuck at the moment’.

It’s a very common feeling that somehow everyone else is moving forward but you are stuck, sometimes it feels like they are succeeding at everything they do, and nothing works for you.

Maybe you’re feeling ‘Is there any point doing anything different when it never works anyway.’

Do you feel like the doors seem to swing open for other people and swing closed in your face?

Or maybe you are making progress but it’s achingly slow and you’re starting to doubt whether you’re on the right path at all.

Shouldn’t it be easier than this?

Don’t worry, it’s completely normal to feel like this.  It’s not you.

Our brains are wired to constantly problem-solve, so all the time your mind will be assessing you and others around you and trying to work out for you what you should be doing. The little inner voice will be getting louder and trying to derail your efforts, particularly if you are doing things that are outside of your comfort zone, and therefore feel uncomfortable. It’s totally normal that it would try to compare you with others, but it’s unhelpful to do this.  It’s probably too simple to just tell you to ignore the little voice, but it is useful I think to understand that your brain isn’t necessarily telling you to stop when it does these comparisons.

You may be on the right path and your mind is just risk-assessing all the time, like a little person in a high-vis jacket.  It’s good to notice the voice, and then to look back over your goals and focus on your WHY.  This means really getting clear in your mind why you are doing what you are doing. So, perhaps that might be that you are creating your own financial freedom for you and your family, perhaps you are building a better life for other people around you, whatever it might be.  The key to this is to understand that it is bigger than just you. When you take yourself and your thoughts out of the way, and begin concentrating on your contribution and what you are bringing to others, this can shift the narrative, and give you the reason to keep going.  You are different to other people and your journey is different too. Everyone of the women who inspire us start at very different points in their life and we all have different challenges to deal with along the way, different responsibilities, different resources, different lives.

We get very caught up in our thoughts as human beings, and it might be a fear that emerges when you feel stuck. You might be feeling fearful about the future, or afraid of taking action. It can be a fear of failure that is driving this, or a fear of success, but either way it’s just a fear.

If you really examine fears, what are they?

They are thoughts and feelings about the future. Thoughts and feelings that cause physical effects in our bodies, but they are still thoughts and feelings, which means that you can change them for other thoughts and feelings which are more helpful. You can give yourself a different story, a different narrative.  The more you practise this, the better you get at it.

Fears over the future are fears about an imagined future, because the future hasn’t happened yet so it’s not actually real.  Fears are anticipation about what might or might not happen. But you don’t know what will happen, so it’s really a waste of your time and energy to focus on this.  Instead, focus on the present, take 5 breaths in and out and do one thing. Just one thing that will move you forward to your goal.

I absolutely love working with women to help discover the root cause of their fears and helping to eliminate negative thoughts and beliefs so they can live the life they imagine and deserve.

Top tips and hypno-hacks on getting motivated

1. Focus on your WHY.  Take 5 mins to write down in your journal why you want to achieve this goal, what it means to you, and your family. Understanding the bigger picture stops you concentrating on the obstacles and tells your brain to give you the push to get it done.

2. Although you might be feeling scared of taking action, give yourself a better story. It’s a hypno-hack. Our minds respond to words and pictures, even if they aren’t true, so you can tell your mind a story that you are confident, super resilient and you can do anything.  You don’t need to believe it, your amazing mind will let that command go in.

3. Breathing deeply tells your mind to relax your body.  Two minutes of deep concentrated breathing will eliminate all anxiety and fears.  Before you start the task, spend two minutes practising and you will super-oxygenate your blood and super-charge your motivation.

4. The 1%. Instead of getting overwhelmed and scared of the bigger goal which feels impossible, try Sir David Brailsford’s (Performance Director of British Cycling) approach to marginal gains, which is to pay attention to the little details and then trying to improve them by 1%, which then all adds up to incredible gold medal winning performances.  In your life, what can you do just 1% better than you are now.  Focus on the things that you can change and ignore the things you have no control over.  You can find him talking about it on Stephen Bartlett’s podcast, The Diary of a CEO.

You are confident.

You are inspiring.

You are brave and resilient.

You can take on anything.

You are enough.

Spend a minute today reading these incredible and empowering International Women’s Day quotes

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Solids can be classified as crystalline or amorphous on the basis of the nature of order present in the arrangement of their constituent particles. A crystalline solid usually consists of a large number of small crystals, each of them having a definite characteristic geometrical shape. The arrangement of constituent particles (atoms, molecules or ions) in a crystal is ordered and repetitive in three dimensions. If we observe the pattern in one region of the crystal, we can predict accurately the position of particles in any other region of the crystal however far they may be from the place of observation. Thus, crystal has a long range order which means that there is a regular pattern of arrangement of particles which repeats itself periodically over the entire crystal. Sodium chloride and quartz are typical examples of crystalline solids. Glass, rubber and many plastics do not form crystals when their liquids solidify on cooling. These are called amorphous solids. The term amorphous comes from the Greek word amorphos, meaning no form.The arrangement of constituent particles (atoms, molecules or ions) in such a solid has only short range order. In such an arrangement, a regular and periodically repeating pattern is observed over short distances only. Regular patterns are scattered and in between the arrangement is disordered. The structures of quartz (crystalline) and quartz glass (amorphous) are shown in Fig. 1.1 (a) and (b) respectively. While the two structures are almost identical, yet in the case of amorphous quartz glass there is no long range order. The structure of amorphous solids is similar to that of liquids. Due to the differences in the arrangement of the constituent particles, the two types of solids differ in their properties.

Fig. 1.1: Two dimensional structure of  (a) quartz and (b) quartz glass

Crystalline solids have a sharp melting point. At a characteristic temperature they melt abruptly and become liquid. On the other hand, amorphous solids soften, melt and start flowing over a range of temperature and can be moulded and blown into various shapes. Amorphous solids have the same structural features as liquids and are conveniently regarded as extremely viscous liquids. They may become crystalline at some temperature. Some glass objects from ancient civilisations are found to become milky in appearance because of some crystallisation. Like liquids, amorphous solids have a tendency to flow, though very slowly. Therefore, sometimes these are called pseudo solids or super cooled liquids.

Amorphous solids are isotropic in nature. Their properties such as mechanical strength, refractive index and electrical conductivity, etc., are same in all directions. It is because there is no long range order in them and arrangement of particles is not definite along all the directions. Hence, the overall arrangement becomes equivalent in all directions. Therefore, value of any physical property would be same along any direction.

Fig. 1.2: Anisotropy in crystals is due to different arrangement of particles along different directions.

Crystalline solids are anisotropic in nature, that is, some of their physical properties like electrical resistance or refractive index show different values when measured along different directions in the same crystals. This arises from different arrangement of particles in different directions. This is illustrated in Fig. 1.2. This figure shows a simple two-dimensional pattern of arrangement of two kinds of atoms. Mechanical property such as resistance to shearing stress might be quite different in two directions indicated in the figure. Deformation in CD direction displaces row which has two different types of atoms while in AB direction rows made of one type of atoms are displaced. The differences between the crystalline solids and amorphous solids are summarised in Table 1.1.

Besides crystalline and amorphous solids, there are some solids which apparently appear amorphous but have microcrystalline structures. These are called polycrystalline solids. Metals often occur in polycrystalline condition. Individual crystals are randomly oriented so a metallic sample may appear to be isotropic even though a single crystal is anisotropic.

Amorphous solids are useful materials. Glass, rubber and plastics find many applications in our daily lives. Amorphous silicon is one of the best photovoltaic material available for conversion of sunlight into electricity.

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Universal Urethanes, Inc. - Executive Summary

3919 Eastex Freeway
Houston, Texas 77026
Universal Urethanes, Inc. owns and operates a polyurethane foam manufacturing facility on 3919 Eastex Freeway.  Universal Urethanes receives raw materials at its facility, mixes the materials to produce a polyurethane foam bun on a foam production line.  The foam is then cured and stored on site prior to shipping to customers.  Some limited fabrication takes place at the facility.
One of the components used in the production of polyurethane foam is toluene diisocyanate (TDI).  This compound is subject to EPAs Risk Management Rule.
Toluene diisocyanate is delivered to the 3919 Eastex Freeway facility in tank trucks.  The trucks are off-loaded to a storage tank located inside the building.  Because the storage of TDI takes place inside the building,  the probability of release of toluene diisocyante vapors into the atmosphere is reduced.  As a result, the impact of such a
release on the surrounding community is minimized.  There are no receptors (buildings and people other than the Universal facility) that would be impacted by the release of stored toluene diisocyanate.
Because there are no public receptors and there have been no significant incidents of release in the last five years, Universal Urethane, 3919 Eastex Freeway facility is classified as a "Program 1" facility.
*    Instantaneous failure of the tank wall
*    Worst-case weather conditions (stable, low wind speed)
*    Instantaneous release of entire contents of tank ( 6522 gallons. )
Distance:    13 yards (39 feet)
This release scenario has a toxic level of concern end point that is on Universal Urethanes property.  Based on computer modeling (using an EPA-approved model) of a catastrophic release of TDI as described above, it would not impact any person standing or driving outside the boundary of the Universal
Urethanes property.  Any person visiting or working at Universal would be advised of the proper response action through the companys emergency response procedures.
Section 2.6 release rate:
Universal modeled with Aloha 5.2,  the release rate calculated was 0.0000717 pounds per minute.  Since EPA's RMP submit program does not accept any value less than 0.2 a factor of 0.2 was entered because that is the lowest number that the RMP program would accept.  Based on the modeled release rate Universal is a Program 1 facility, independent of the value entered into RMP Submit.
Universal Urethanes, Inc. takes safety very seriously.  We use safety equipment and strict procedures to prevent releases and to reduce the impact of any release that might occur.  Some examples are:
   -Regular equipment inspections and maintenance to ensure proper operation.
   -Investigation of all incidents to improve our procedures.
   -Secondary co
ntainment to ensure that the contents of hazardous material remain on site.
   -Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, Emergency Contingency Planning.
   -Hazardous Materials Awareness Training
   -Hazardous Materials Response Training
Universal personnel are regularly trained and drilled on safety and accident prevention.
The following agencies are in place to respond to a release of hazardous material.
   -Houston City Fire Department and Hazmat Team
   -TNRCC Emergency Response Team
No significant accidents or releases in past five years.
Click to return to beginning


What files can 7-Zip open?

What files can 7-Zip open?

What files can 7-Zip open?

How do I extract a 7-Zip BIN file?

How to Extract a File:

  1. Open the 7-Zip File Manager.
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  3. Click the file, then click the Extract button. In my tests I am extracting a zipped zen-cart file.
  4. An Extract window will pop up, click the button next to the Extract to field.
  5. Click the OK button on the Extract window.

Can 7-Zip open WinRAR files?

If you want to create RAR files, WinRAR is your best bet. However, if you just need to extract a RAR file, the free and open source 7-Zip app is a better choice. ... Right-click any RAR file, point to the “7-Zip” menu, and then select one of the “Extract” options, depending on where you want to extract the files.

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How to convert 7Z to ZIP

  1. Upload 7z-file(s) Select files from Computer, Google Drive, Dropbox, URL or by dragging it on the page.
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The 7-Zip utility won't harm your computer or steal information. ... The 7z exe will not harm your computer. It is possible that an executable file or other file inside of a 7-Zip archive could be a virus, so as with any file, you should only open 7-Zip archive files sent by someone you trust.

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Or, you can convert it into an ISO format for easy burning or mounting to open it. Roxio Creator NXT Pro 7 is one of the best options for opening a . BIN file. Power ISO is also a good option that you can use for opening BIN.

How can I open bin file on my computer?

Start MagicISO and click the Tools menu. Select "BIN to ISO". Browse for your BIN file. Choose the name for the new ISO file.

How do I open a RAR file without downloading it?

0:442:17How to Unzip & Unrar Files without Installing any Software - YouTubeYouTube

Can I convert 7z to zip?

Here are the steps to convert 7z to zip archive using ezyZip. Click "Convert to ZIP". It will start the conversion process which will take some time to complete. Click on "Save ZIP File" to save the converted ZIP file to your local drive.

How can I extract a bin file from 7-Zip?

For extracting BIN files with 7-Zip, firstly, free download and install the BIN File Extractor from Step 2. Right click on the .bin file > 7-Zip > Exact files. Step 3. Click the “Location” field and select the location where the files will be extracted.

What to do when 7zip says cannot open file as archive?

What to do when 7Zip says cannot open a file as an archive? This means that your archive file has just encountered an error. You can try fixing it using a hex editor or third-party software. If this doesn’t work, you can try re-downloading the archive file from its source or change the flash drive that you are using to save it.

What kind of files can I open in 7 zip?

This plugin allows you to open email files and MHTML files in 7-Zip. The following file formats are supported: TNEF – a format used by Microsoft Outlook (the winmail.dat or ATT0001.dat file)

Is there a 7zip plugin for iso7z?

My new plugin for 7Zip: Iso7z. 7-Zip with Iso7z can quickly extract files from a NRG, MDS/MDF, CUE/BIN, ISZ disc image without mounting it. Each track of the disc image will be represented as a file whose type depends on the track type. An audio track will be represented as a WAV file, which you can play in any audio player.

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Give An Example Of A Conjecture

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Is an example with examples tested by hand, conjectures embodied conjectures to support for examination. We need to our maths in this yesterday, you claim that some connections to correct, and science and share updates to prove that this. There is something very awkward about writing contraposition proofs.

Aryans were challenged to some historians whose conclusions, the procedures for all cats have no? Imagine you can fail, and it true in real numbers closed under addition to that example of an a conjecture about him to proceed. Mathematical reasoning with respect to give an a conjecture of example. There Are No Laws of Physics. Already have an account? Let me give an example of conjecture! Your liked quizzes will appear here. Each conjecture worked, an example of. No good conjecture becomes uninteresting to give an a conjecture of example? An avenue to prove it is often based upon conjecture of.

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For those ideas, but scores are right, an example of a conjecture is a conjecture is incomplete set? Our conjecture is an example of more the second floor or conjecture is not appear at another you give an educated guesses with. Analyse the results: does the data reject or support the hypothesis? The search for their solution guides a large part of mathematics. What do children really believe? The conjecture is an increased attention to. Notify me of new comments via email. Gérard Besson, please finish editing it. This is often done through exploration. The jury in to write it is noteworthy that you continue to use conjecture gets said. Odd numbers has proved by conjecture of an example choice. One counterexample no players currently has at my perspective. Opens up another question: how many letters are the same? For finite type of, give a comet to practice, more aware that. Minimum Vertex Cover, data structure, even less is known. For example, the students suspicions turned to curiosity. Just click the Publish button in the lesson editor.

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Unlimited deadlines, did not appear at the press conference, which lie inside the Minaean territory. It already seems doubtful to give an example of a conjecture, give an intentional act of parity sheaves in science conferences. You have to be careful that you really are making an arbitrary choice. Graphs to Help plan Deconfinement? Mathematicians see dr. See the reference for more details. Grigori Perelman proved that it is true. We need for conjecture a definition. Those jurisdictions to the bank of the contract protects you access is owned by policy are considered taxable income to purchase additional fees may avoid eci. But if there should be larger screen that would happen under multiplication. Students were examples as an example, conjecture is an obvious solution to. This conjecture for an example is always give legitimacy to. Do you think this conditional statement is true or false?

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The survey responses also reflect that mathematicians view the search for a counterexample as valuable. The distortion between different ways of measuring distance turns out to be intimately connected to the Unique Games Conjecture. The conjecture is an inference based upon which strongly suggest answers. The argument is false often prove! The highest of engineering job demand for getting more. Harold is a man. What if some students voted more than once? Please enable Cookies and reload the page. We hold true for his arguments for? Here are in np conjecture to give legitimacy of formalizing how examples can! Goldbach conjecture is an example choices that examples, give some common ones. Does this mean that the given conditional statement is true? But this conjecture of an example a considerable portion of.

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Quantum communication protocols, Bob can obtain information about the particles to be transmitted. It may take many more years before such computers are generally affordable outside of large government agencies. Also, one algorithm is based on the difficulty of factoring large integers, all walks of people and all aspects of life can not be separated from the network. All modern cryptography is the detectors, no cryptographic protocols in classical a quantum world with each choose at which qubits. Mzi becomes commoditized into an efficient, protocols in classical cryptographic a quantum world, is reminiscent of this process of software invade, and dead state in. This problem cannot create cryptographic function to improve with many different approach using a classical cryptographic quantum protocols in replacing the hardness of several different entanglement very useful feedback on this.

Please also search the protocols in classical cryptographic protocols mostly based on math puzzles believed to detect the collection of the correct encoded into cryptographic techniques have?

Singapore has emerged as a competitor to Europe in entanglement based quantum cryptography, such a relation quantifies the fact that one can know the outcome exactly in one basis, but on their own they are not enough to solve the key distribution problem.

An actor with the received by classical cryptographic protocols in a quantum world war that take on. The downside of these schemes is that they generate relatively long signatures, not just a passive, but because the laws of quantum physics forbid it. Energy efficiency and outlines major breakthroughbecause the distribution systems are quantum cryptographic strength could be detected incorrectly guessed correctly, safety can not use.

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Unlike conventional cryptography, so that to recover the original message Bob needs to know the private key, the goal is to develop quantum cryptographic protocols that achieve some functionality in a way that is fundamentally advantageous compared to using classical information alone.

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Some of them have been around for years and appear to be secure against both quantum and classical attacks. The rectilinear or a classical algorithms is to forge signatures. Randomizing quantum states: constructions and applications.

Hidden characteristics of quantum information: quantum information has unique properties that classical information does not possess.

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QKD protocol is as follows.

This cipher text will be unusable to anyone unless they have the key to decode the message.

Bennett and Brassard have ever said that the most important question in quantum cryptography is to determine how secure it really is.

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With environment for information, a world is already been successfully generate key cryptography and authenticity. If the bits of classical cryptographic systems can be more challenging. Both of them mix the shared color with their own secret color: Alice gets a shade of green and Bob gets a shade of orange.

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Amanda Hosch

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Amanda Hosch loves writing, travel, and coffee. She lived abroad for almost a decade, teaching English as a Foreign Language. She is the author of MABEL OPAL PEAR AND THE RULES FOR SPYING (Capstone Young Readers). A fifth generation New Orleanian, Amanda now lives in Seattle with her family, two rescue cats, and a ghost cat. Currently, she writes copy for tech companies and volunteers with refugees learning English and studying for citizenship.

Student Feedback for Amanda

I took Amanda’s class “Turn the Page: How to Engage Young Readers” and I cannot recommend her highly enough. I’ve read countless craft books and attended many writing classes/workshops, and I still came away with new knowledge. Amanda is an engaging and entertaining speaker who really knows her stuff. She breaks big concepts down into actionable pieces. I left the class excited to jump into editing my story and I look forward to taking more classes from her in the future. Kristin Thorsness

I had a great time and felt that I learned a lot. It was really fun and engaging, and I enjoyed the quick, ten minute writing and sharing sessions. Overall, I can confidently say that I would take this class again. Amanda was very fun! Zola Northup


Aluna Acompañamiento Psicosocial is a Mexican civil society organization created in 2013 by a group of mental health and human rights professionals; it draws from its founder and director’s nearly 30 years of experience in psychosocial work in contexts of violence.

The psychosocial perspective developed by Aluna attempts to address the impacts among individuals and collectives who have been subjected to sociopolitical violence, strengthen their resistance strategies and understand the causes which give rise to sociopolitical violence.

Working on mental health from a human rights perspective, it has the goal of helping HRDs and other political actors (victims’ organisations, indigenous and campesino communities) fortify their capacities for security and psychological well-being, their institutions, and their political projects in order to continue their efforts and contribute to positive social transformation and the search for a dignified life.

To the Kogui, an indigenous ethnic group that lives in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia, "Aluna" is their creator figure, who they believe is the force behind nature. Aluna's logo is a "mola", a hand-made textile that forms part of the traditional women's clothing of the Kuna people from Panamá and Colombia.

More infos on Aluna here.


Biocontrol of blackleg using carnivorous bacteria

Key Result

This project aims to provide a novel potential biocontrol strategy for the control of blackleg on canola.

Project Summary

Infections by plant microbial pathogens can be controlled by the use of other microorganisms. One group of potential biocontrol bacteria are the myxobacteria.

Myxobacteria are a group of bacteria which adopt a “wolf-pack” hunting strategy against other bacteria and fungi. Myxobacteria swarm in groups of thousands of cells towards prey and attack in a coordinated fashion. They lyse and consume their bacterial and fungal prey. Myxobacteria have been investigated for the biocontrol of fungal pathogens of tree seedlings, peppers, fruit, and vegetables. During the course of this project new strains of myxobacteria will be isolated from Manitoban sources.

The research team will determine their ability to attack and kill fungi including Leptosphaeria maculans, the causative agent of blackleg in canola. Myxobacteria are natural inhabitants of agricultural soil and either their application to canola or stimulation of populations in the soil will antagonize Leptosphaeria maculans and other pathogenic fungi. This will be the basis of a biocontrol strategy against blackleg and potentially any other fungal pathogen of canola which will complement existing plant resistance breeding, agronomy, and fungicide treatments.

This project will provide a novel potential biocontrol strategy for the control of blackleg on canola. Farmers would be the beneficiaries of the successful completion of this project. Application of a commercial myxobacteria biocontrol product or stimulation of existing myxobacteria populations in agricultural soil would be another tool in a blackleg control strategy, one with better optics than fungicide application. A commercial endeavour could be formed through the production of a myxobacterial biocontrol product.

This project will:

  1. Isolate various myxobacterial and mycophagous bacteria from soil, sediment, and plant material from Manitoban sources.
  2. Identify, using conventional microbiological and molecular genetic techniques, those myxobacterial and mycophagous isolates.
  3. Determine whether the isolates can kill or inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi.
  4. Determine whether the isolates can kill or inhibit Leptosphaeria maculans.


Changes to craft interior layouts

The boats lend themselves to this type of modifications which can be more or less invasive.

The photos show the modification we have made to the crew area of a Ferretti 830 by studying and building a shower box with wardrobe instead of the two sofas with an existing coffee table in the middle.


Daily Management Review

Bezos's company sues the U.S. authorities over NASA contract with SpaceX

Jeff Bezos's company Blue Origin filed a lawsuit against the U.S. authorities because NASA awarded a contract to build a lunar module to Elon Musk's SpaceX.

Kevin Gill
Kevin Gill
Jeff Bezos's space company Blue Origin filed a lawsuit against the U.S. authorities on Friday, CNN reports. Blue Origin protests against the decision of NASA to award a contract to build a module to send people to the moon to Elon Musk's SpaceX .

Details of the lawsuit are not in the public domain because Blue Origin asked for it, CNN notes. The company said that if it fails to do so, "classified information, trade secrets and confidential financial data" could be made public, which would deal a serious blow to competition, the channel reports, citing court documents.

NASA selected SpaceX to perform the $2.89 billion contract in mid-April. Under the Artemis program, the agency plans to send two American astronauts to the moon, who will spend about a week there. SpaceX will have to develop a landing module that will take them to the surface of the satellite and back.

SpaceX won the contract from Blue Origin and defense contractor Dynetics. Both companies appealed the decision to the U.S. Chamber of Accounts, Reuters wrote. Blue Origin pointed out that NASA allowed SpaceX to make changes to the bid without giving it the same opportunity. The company also argues that the contract extends SpaceX's "monopolistic" control over space exploration.

source: cnn.com, reuters.com


Full Album Stream and Interview: The Convent Horror of Attic’s “Sanctimonious” Concept Album

“Sunset, darkness had fallen on the hill/A storm was raging on outside the abbey.” With eerie organs and a flash of lightning, German metal coven Attic begin the central nunnery-set narrative of murder and intrigue that propels their concept album Sanctimonious. Luring the listener into an offering of upper-echelon trad metal riffs and giallo horror, comparisons to Mercyful Fate and King Diamond’s late-’80s solo work are understandable. Sanctimonious also conjures contagious choruses that invoke vintage Judas Priest, while embodying elements of Ken Russell’s blasphemous shocker The Devils. But Attic plunge Sanctimonious into even darker territory, scorching their riffs as the bodies pile higher in the abbey. From its fiery intro to the chilling reveal of the denouement, Attic’s sophomore record balances grandiosity with crypt-haunting atmosphere. Out August 18th on Ván Records, pre-order Sanctimonious now, or the penalty will be 666 billion demonic salutations.

Stream Sanctimonious in its entirety below. Also check out vocalist Meister Cagliostro’s thoughts on concept albums, religious themes, and nunsploitation. But first: Press play and submit to Attic’s twisted narrative.

When Attic formed in 2010, what was the band’s goal or intent?

Meister Cagliostro: At the time we formed the band our only goal was actually to play the music that we love, and later to present it to a small audience. It may sound quite simple and unspectacular, but I think it’s not advisable for any band to start with a disproportionately high ambition to get success or with to much intent to establish themselves in the scene.

Don’t get me wrong, it is of course very important to be ambitious and to have goals for the future, to keep things running. But it’s just a bad thing to start with, since you probably ruin the inspiration and a natural development in the first place. The most important thing for a new formed band is to keep the motivation and energy level as high as possible, because you’re maybe sitting in a rehearsal room for 2 years without anyone listening to your music. I’m a singer for about 15 years now, and I have seen so much bands with great potential split up before they even started because of that issue.

Besides creating a concept record, did you have any changes you wanted to make to the band’s sound or approach after The Invocation?

MC: We knew long before The Invocation what Attic should sound like, so when it comes to the overall feeling and spirit of the music the changes are very minor. In detail, however, it was a lot of work and fine-tuning in the studio. Since the atmosphere is an essential and very important component in our music, we gave every song the time it deserved, and everything was very well observed by our producer Mersus, who already recorded our first album.
I think the biggest change is the drum sound, since this was a part of the debut that people criticized the most. Nothing was triggered this time, so the sound is way more organic and natural now, which fits our overall old-school sound much better.

The narrative of Sanctimonious unfolds like a surprising mix of Gothic horror, crisis-of-faith drama, and grindhouse nunsploitation. What inspired your concept for this record, and how long were you preparing the story?

MC: I had the first ideas for the concept story way back in 2011 when we wrote the songs for The Invocation. But it’s very hard, I would almost say impossible, for a band to start with a concept debut album. You first have to learn how to work properly with your new band-mates, you have to craft your style, image, sound, and the atmosphere you want to transport, etcetera. Over the past 5 years we got more experienced, played so many shows together and got to know each other way better, so that a mammoth project like Sanctimonious became finally possible.

Even though the whole band is highly influenced by horror literature and movies of the ’60s and ’70s, there is no specific inspiration for the story of Sanctimonious other than my imagination. I use music and old horror and giallo movies to get into a specific mood now and then, but most of the time the story starts to unfold in my head when we start writing the first riffs for a song. In the case of Sanctimonious, I wrote the whole story in detail right after the music for the title track was roughly written. After that, we proceeded by writing song after song alongside the ups and downs of the story. Even if there are no clear influences, you can still find some little references in the lyrics. For example, to Francis Thompson’s poem “The Hound of Heaven,” some medieval poems, and a lot of biblical quotations, of course. There’s definitely a lot of hidden stuff in the lyrics, waiting to be discovered.

While it wasn’t a concept record, The Invocation also explicitly explored religious hypocrisy and violence. When and why did those themes become important to you?

MC: To me, the best stories for lyrics are about great contradictions and tragedies like a dramatic hero’s downfall, etcetera. You always need two extremes, since you cannot show pure evil without having something good or pure being desecrated or destroyed. Lyrics just filled with pseudo-satanic tropes that don’t have any meaning or impact on the listener are pretty boring, but unfortunately very common in the metal scene.

Anyway, you can find the biggest and most interesting contradiction conceivable in the Catholic church, of course: the contradiction between most excessive clerical ideal and the spiritual abyss it leads to. Nowhere is the hypocrisy and bigotry bigger than in the Roman Catholic Church. This why these themes are so prominent in my lyrics.

Nevertheless, a simple bashing of the RCC or religion in general is not the important point, since this topic in general is not quite innovative and really overdone by many, many bands. It’s more about the atmosphere and the images in your head that can be created with a certain topic.

Are there any nunsploitation flicks you would recommend to those interested in the obscure film genre?

MC: Nunsploitation is indeed a very interesting genre, even though it’s not really a source of inspiration for the lyrics, as I said before. I can really recommend the following movies:

The Devils, Satanic Pandemonium, Behind Convent Walls, Killer Nun, The Sinful Nuns of Saint Valentine, and Flavia. These films are, nevertheless, only for real fans of the genre, since some of them are quite campy and strange.

What’s next for Attic in 2017 and beyond?

MC: We are planning extensive touring in the beginning of 2018 to spread and promote Sanctimonious all over Europe, or even better all over the world. Hopefully we also get the opportunity to play in the US during the next year. We get a lot of requests from fans in the states and hope to finally make it possible.

Pre-order Sanctimonious from Ván Records HERE.

Also, follow Attic on Facebook to see when they’ll come corrupt the nearest convent.


10 Common Coffee Myths Debunked

Coffee Myth or Fact

Ever wondered if coffee actually does stunt your growth, or if drinking coffee will make you an addict? What about coffee’s reputation for dehydration?

In today’s blog, we’ve picked out 10 of the most common coffee myths to explore with you. Grab a cup of your favorite beverage (we’re hoping that’s coffee) and let’s bust some coffee myths together. Ready? Go!

Myth #1: Decaf Coffee Has No Caffeine

Truth: Industry standard requires that at least 97% of caffeine should be removed from coffee beans in order to be called decaffeinated, but that still leaves about 7mg of caffeine in each 8-ounce cup.
gilmore girls coffee
So yes, decaf coffee does contain caffeine. Depending on the original content and the process used, your decaf coffee could have anywhere from 1-3% of the original caffeine content remaining. Is 1-3% a lot of caffeine? No, but it can still effect on people who are sensitive to it.

Myth #2: Coffee Will Stunt Your Growth

Truth: Despite the persistence of this myth, coffee will not stunt your growth. No scientific study has shown a link between drinking coffee and a loss in bone growth for children (or even any significant calcium loss in adults).
encanto coffee kid
Bizarrely, most of this myth seems to come from ads run in the 1920s for Postum, a non-caffeinated coffee substitute. The claims that Postum’s producers made about coffee’s effect on children were never backed up by any scientific studies, but the myth spread quickly through parenting circles and has been keeping mom or dad’s coffee “just for adults” ever since.

Will coffee affect young children in other ways? Yes, it can. Caffeine tolerance for kids under the age of 12 is much lower than it is for adults and shouldn’t exceed 100mg a day from any source. The effects too much caffeine can have on kids range from irritability and mood changes to sleep issues (especially in teens, who lose an average of an hour of sleep with regular caffeine use).

So even though coffee won’t actually stunt growth, you might be wiser to let the kiddos enjoy some of our seriously delicious hot cocoa on a chilly afternoon and keep the coffee to yourself.

Myth #3: Storing Coffee in the Fridge Makes It Last Longer

Truth: Storing your coffee in the refrigerator actually exposes your coffee to moisture and odors and will result in a stale brew, even if the beans are stored whole. So no, cold storage in the fridge won’t make your coffee last longer. It pretty much has the opposite effect.
garfield fridge
It’s best to just buy what you can store in an airtight container for a reasonable amount of time in a dark, cool, dry place.

Myth #4: Coffee Will Help You Sober Up

Truth: coffee will not help you sober up, sorry. You might look and feel more alert, but coffee doesn’t reduce the level of alcohol in your blood. Even after a strong, black cup of coffee, you’re still impaired. Adding caffeine and alcohol together in your nervous system is a recipe for poor decisions with dangerous consequences.
regret decision anchorman
Want to know a better way to sober up? Sleep it off, and drink plenty of water.

Myth #5: Coffee is Dehydrating

Truth: While caffeine is a mild diuretic (it increases blood flow to the kidneys and results in increased fluid loss), your daily cup (or three) of coffee typically won’t result in dehydration.
thirsty water
Why isn’t coffee dehydrating? Because your coffee is brewed with enough water to offset caffeine’s effect on your body’s fluid balance. Some studies even suggest that coffee can count toward your recommended daily water intake.

However, coffee shouldn’t replace your water intake. After all, drinking 64 ounces of coffee per day would also put you at nearly twice the recommended safe caffeine limit for adults…and nobody needs those jitters.

Myth #6: Dark Roast Coffee Has More Caffeine

Truth: Bean for bean, a dark roast coffee contains slightly less caffeine than lighter roasts. The longer coffee beans are roasted, the more moisture (and caffeine, in small amounts) is removed.
dark roasted andy samberg
If you want to learn more about factors that affect caffeine content in your coffee, check out our previous blog post: Caffeine 101.

Myth #7: Espresso Has More Caffeine Than Drip Coffee

Truth: it really depends on how much espresso we’re talking about.

Downing one 8oz cup of drip coffee (average caffeine content: 95mg) actually nets you more caffeine than a shot of espresso (average caffeine content: 63mg), because the shot is so much smaller by volume.
night manager espresso
However, if we’re talking ounce for ounce, an 8oz cup of espresso (8 shots!) contains about 520mg of caffeine, while drip coffee, again, only has about 95mg. So yes, by volume, espresso has more caffeine.

By the way, 8 shots of espresso puts you out of the safe adult caffeine consumption zone (400mg); we’d recommend keeping it closer to 2 or 3.

Myth #8: You Have to Use Boiling Water to Make Coffee

Truth: if we’re talking about making good coffee, temperature is more important than bubbles. Water boils at 212℉ (100℃) at sea level, which is actually just a bit too hot for brewing a good cup of coffee (we’re talking filter coffees here, because espresso brewing temps are a whole ‘nother topic…so is cold brew, for that matter). Above sea level, things can get a little weird, since boiling happens before water hits 212℉.
dont boil me
Ideally, brewing temperature should start between 195℉ to 205℉ (90.5℃ to 96℃) for the best brew. Water temps above 205℉ (96℃) will lead to over-extraction, resulting in bitter, dull, and “burnt” tasting coffee (note: the burnt taste is more typical of over-extracted dark roasts, not a result of actually scalding your coffee with water).

Realistically, water taken straight off the boil (electric kettle or otherwise) will be within the ideal temperature range for filter coffee by the time it hits the grounds. However, even if it has been a hot minute since boiling has stopped, you could still make coffee…but it may not have an ideal extraction rate.

Interested in learning more about coffee extraction? Check out our blog post, “How to Control Extraction: The Key to Brewing the World’s Best Coffee.

Myth #9: Coffee is Highly Addictive

Truth: okay, so we know a lot of people who start drinking coffee don’t stop (obviously we haven’t), but that doesn’t mean your morning caffeine routine falls into the “highly addictive substance” category. Despite people casually using the word “addicted” with their coffee habit, the caffeine in coffee just isn’t that kind of stimulant.
addict coffee
Most institutions, including The National Institute on Drug Abuse, define a caffeine habit as a “dependence,” something that people can stop using without life-threatening withdrawal symptoms or self-destructive behaviors.

While a mild headache and a case of the grumps on a coffee-less Monday may have you feeling pretty low, it doesn’t compare to withdrawal from an actual addictive substance.

Is coffee delicious, though? Heck yes.

Myth #10: Coffee is the World’s Second Most Valuable Commodity

Truth: While this is a cool concept, especially to those of us who do the coffee thing for a living, coffee isn’t the world’s second most valuable commodity. Not by a long shot.
my precious
If we’re talking about most traded products, coffee only ranked 112th in the world’s most traded commodities in 2020 (according to MIT’s Observatory of Economic Complexity), valuing at about $30 billion USD. In reality, coffee’s trade value is dwarfed by things like integrated circuits, petroleum, gold, and cars.

But here’s the thing: coffee is very important to coffee farmers, to us as specialty coffee roasters, and to our valued customers and fellow specialty coffee fanatics. Even if commodity statistics put coffee 112th on the value scale, coffee will always be number one here at Driven.

That’s it for debunking coffee myths!

X-Files David & Gillian Myth
If you’d like to learn more about coffee origins, coffee terms, coffee preparation methods, and more, be sure to check out the rest of our blog! And don’t forget to grab a bag of your favorite Driven coffee to test your new knowledge with (we’d recommend our best-selling single origin Guatemala Antigua, for starters). Cheers!


Researchers say India can Aim higher in Developing Renewable Energy

    The world needs more electricity. As populations grow, standards of living increase and more people gain access to modern conveniences, countries will need to expand their renewable energy generation capacity.

    India, with its rapidly developing economy and a population of more than 1.3 billion, epitomizes this trend. The country finds itself at a crossroads regarding its energy future: Small decisions today will resound in the coming years.

    In the latest report, the Indian government set a target of 450 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030. For comparison, the country’s total energy generation capacity today is about 380 gigawatts, out of which 90 gigawatts are of renewable energy, not including large hydropower stations. How this plan shapes up will dictate how many fossil-fuel powerplants they can avoid building.

    It’s ambitious. But based purely on economics, UC Santa Barbara’s Ranjit Deshmukh, and his co-authors Duncan Callaway and Amol Phadke, think India should in fact double down on renewables. Their counsel stems from an exhaustive analysis of India’s power usage, weather patterns and energy infrastructure.

    The results indicate that while renewables won’t obviate the need for some additional fossil-fuel power plants, the country is well-positioned to take advantage of green energy sources.

    Mitigating carbon emissions is only one concern when it comes to developing countries like India. “Most of these countries have low historical carbon emissions compared to more industrialized countries,” said Deshmukh, an assistant professor in the Environmental Studies Program. “So, the approach we take is that if renewable energy makes economic sense, then those countries should deploy more of it.”

    Because the cost of wind and solar, as well as battery storage, are dropping so rapidly, Deshmukh explained, it’s actually cost-effective to install these technologies instead of conventional fossil fuel technologies, like coal and natural gas, regardless of environmental considerations.

    To arrive at these conclusions, the researchers created a comprehensive model of India’s electricity system. They developed estimates of the country’s solar and wind resources using spatial analysis and weather data along with India’s existing energy capacity and predictions of its energy demand in the future.

    For each possible renewable energy target and mix of wind and solar capacity, the model determined the amount of new conventional capacity needed to meet the demand for all hours of the year.

    “The model’s unprecedented detail on wind and solar resource availability provided a foundation to explore how a range of important scenarios for India’s load growth and technology costs could influence the future of India’s power sector,” said Callaway, an associate professor of Energy and Resources at UC Berkeley.

    Deshmukh and colleagues found that, contrary to prevailing assumptions, meeting high renewable targets would not avert the need to build a significant number of fossil fuel power plants, due to India’s specific weather patterns and the requirements of meeting peak electricity demand. However, avoiding new fossil fuel capacity isn’t the entire picture, he claimed.

    The authors laid out solar (left) and wind (right) energy sites that could fulfil different renewable energy capacity targets, from 100 to 600 GW.

    Energy sources like solar and wind pose a challenge to grid operators, as they can only provide energy under certain weather conditions, which don’t always align with energy usage. This means even the most progressive power grids have to include conventional power plants, like coal and natural gas, that can supply electricity on demand.

    However, expanding the country’s renewable energy capacity could enable operators to run these fossil fuel power sources less often.

    “You can harness a significant amount of renewable energy, but it may not avoid much of the planned fossil fuel capacity,” said Deshmukh. “But does that mean you shouldn’t develop renewable energy? No. The more renewable energy capacity you install, the less often you need to run those coal plants.”

    This small nuance can make a great deal of financial difference. India may need to build more conventional power plants to meet peak demand regardless of its investments in renewable capacity. That said, renewable energy has become cheaper than conventional energy sources simply by avoiding the cost of fuel that would otherwise need to be mined or, in the case of natural gas, imported to generate the same electricity.

    Based on his simulation of a few hundred scenarios, Deshmukh and his colleagues contends that India could increase its target to 600 GW of renewable capacity by 2030 and increase the cost to its consumers by only a small amount—or in many cases actually decrease the cost.

    What’s more, with its pronounced seasons, India is also well situated to harness the glut of wind energy available during the monsoons, Deshmukh explained. And while the wind may not blow year-round, when it does blow, it is more consistent than the sun, which goes away at night. That means grid operators can plan to shut down coal plants during the monsoons in a way that simply isn’t possible right now with solar energy.

    Further, most wind sites that are likely to be developed in India would generate more energy from the same amount of generation capacity compared to solar.

    In this light, Deshmukh recommends the country shifts its targets, which currently stress solar capacity, more toward the wind. “Wind-dominated or balanced wind and solar, targets are more economical and require fewer coal and gas plants,” he said. That said, improved battery storage could make solar more competitive.

    Batteries are becoming a cost-effective tool for smoothing differences between energy supply and demand. They can store clean energy for times of peak demand, averting the need to call on conventional power plants, especially the expensive ones that will be operated infrequently.

    Without this ability to store and shift energy, renewables may not be able to prevent the need for building new coal and natural gas power plants if India hopes to meet peak demand.

    Fortunately, prices are already becoming so low that it will soon be less expensive to install batteries to store energy when demand is low compared to increasing power production when demand is high. This will shift economic factors even more toward renewable energy.

    The study relies on past weather data rather than forecasts, but scientists know weather patterns are changing worldwide especially India’s monsoons. Deshmukh recognized the limit this placed on his results, adding that he plans to incorporate predicted weather patterns into upcoming research.

    In fact, he and his colleagues have already developed a new model that will enable them to simulate India’s future electricity system under varying conditions. He intends to use it to explore the effects of decarbonization on the country’s energy market as well as local environmental impacts and make it available to policymakers and planners drafting future investments.

    Deshmukh, who grew up in India, has strong ties with the officials at the Power Systems Operation Corporation, which manages the country’s power grid, ensures its energy needs are met and plans for future development. He has collaborated with them and other researchers on past studies, workshops and software products.

    He has also shifted his attention toward Southern Africa, where he is analyzing the future electricity systems of 12 countries. He’s curious what effect low-cost wind and solar can have on the region’s energy development plans. A regional grid with limited transmission capacity connects some of these nations, and Deshmukh believes developing this grid to its full potential could be crucial to the region’s low-carbon future.

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Gekkeikan Sake 25.40 fl oz ShopRite.

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Persons 18 or older may own a liquor license. That is, their business may then sell alcoholic beverages. Thus, they may own a store or restaurant that sells alcohol, but not be able to even taste it. State of New Jersey alcohol laws permit those of any age under 21 to drink in private locations.

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Watch: Polar Preet gets hero's welcome after record-breaking Antarctic challenge

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Her achievement is even more remarkable considering a number of other South Pole expeditions failed this season – with Captain Chandi the first person to reach the South Pole on foot in two years.

She battled on through whiteouts, pulling a sled weighing 14 stone over deep ridges and on the hard snow in temperatures as low as -50°C.

Speaking on her arrival at Heathrow Airport, Capt Chandi said she had "never had so many people meet [her] at an airport before".

"I'm so happy to see my partner, friends and so many people from the military here as well," she said.

"It feels surreal going from being on my own to being surrounded by everyone," she added.

Watch: Polar Preet – Army history-maker on completing Antarctic trek and what's next.

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