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BUS401 Management Leadership

Published : 27-Sep,2021  |  Views : 10

Incorporating what you learned from the self assessments, (the MBTI, Ethics) write a three to four page plan of action to further develop your skills as a leader.
Describe the strengths and challenges you believe you have now and what you could do to improve your leadership skills. What do you want your leadership skills to be?
For example, if your MBTI preferences show you have a preference for I or for E, how does that preference serve you as a leader? How might it impede you?
Describe both your plan to improve your skills and your plan to leverage / utilize the strengths you already have. Review your retirement speech for this paper.

Leadership Personal Action plan

Leadership type

Leadership characteristics

How to improve?

Mind (Extraverted)

The MBIT test results suggested an extraverted nature for my personality. The percentage of my extraversion was as high as 72%. This indicates the manner in which an individual interacts in the environment (Furnham, 2017). Extraverted individuals have the following characteristics:

· Warmhearted

· Conscientious

· Cooperative

· Courage ( Hu, J., & Judge, 2017)

This indicates that I am very much adaptive with my surrounding environment and I have extrinsic feelings rather than feeling intrinsic. I never feel hesitant while interacting with others and I can easily initiate conversations.

I need to be a good listener and allow my team members to contribute their ideas. I need to provide chances to the others so that they can come up with their own ideas and thought, which might prove to be helpful in the growth and development of the organization.

I would arrange for sessions with my team members and carefully listen to their ideas, suggestions and grievances. I would also accept the suggestions and grievances of the employees in order to save the time of conducting sessions and take appropriate actions.

Energy (Observant)

I am 72% observant, which indicates my mental energy. Observant leaders are more quick and detailed (Warrick, 2017). Observant leaders are very quick to notice and pay attention towards the details. I observe my surroundings and the people in my surroundings in order to derive conclusions. I prefer working with harmony in my environment and work with determination in order to establish it. This allows me to deal with appropriate facts and emphasize more upon a particular task rather on multiple tasks.

I need to further improve my observant nature so that I can analyze my surrounding environment and people more effectively, which shall help me in improving the overall organizational productivity. I shall take measure to increase my focus and concentration.

For improving my observation power, I shall avoid all sorts of distractions and listen to others. I would also practice yoga in order to improve my concentration power. I would try to observe the mood of the people around me so that I can understand what’s not being said. I would pay additional attention to body language of the people around me in order to observe the facts.

Tactics (Judging)

My approach towards work, planning and decision- making is more judging than prospecting.  Tactics determines the attitude of an individual towards certainty of life (Jaques, 2017). This makes me keep my options closed. Due to this trait I am always ready with contingency plans. I also prefer emphasizing upon a single plan and maintaining a proper checklist, which indicates the task done and the tasks left to be done. The high percentage of my judging trait, I have strong ethics and lay emphasis upon my duties.

I need to refrain from developing my own preferences and improve my flexibility while dealing with both expected and unexpected challenges.

I shall provide appropriate structure for the employees who shall require it. I shall provide more space to the employees so that they can complete their tasks in their own time frame. I would take suggestions from my colleagues and subordinates in order to increase the authenticity of my decision. I would be more flexible with my plans and I shall also try to be more open to new information.

Identity (Assertive)

I have more assertive identity than turbulent. Identity indicates how much a person is confident with his or her abilities and decisions
(Monteiro, V. M., & Lopes, 2014). Due to this trait, I am not very self- conscious or sensitive to stress. I have proper control over my emotions and never allow my emotions to hamper my ability of making decisions. I am able to stand up for my own rights as well as for the rights of others in a peaceful manner. I prefer handling pressure without being aggressive.  Assertiveness is essential for successfully leading teams.

I shall have to further improve my communication skills and persuading power in order to influence others in a better manner.

I would aim at establishing good relationships with others so that they can freely share their views. I would ensure that I am assertive but in an emphatic way so that I can better relate with my surrounding environment and people. I would be more honest and I will set my limits appropriately.

Nature (Feeling)

There is a higher percentage of feeling in my nature. Usually leaders who take into consideration their feelings while taking any decisions think what others need in their day-by-day lives and try to provide it (Li, Mobley & Kelly, 2013). This indicates that my feelings have a high level of influencing power over my decision- making ability. The traits such as caring, helpfulness and conservativeness guide my decision- making ability. I tend to prioritize the feelings of the people around me and my own feelings before I take any decision. However, I am always cautious regarding the impact of my decisions upon the others. This prevents me from looking at the practical side of the situation and hampers my thought process. The excessive influence of my feelings on my decision- making ability often negatively affects my ability to judge people and situations.

I shall have to adapt a more practical approach while taking decisions and reduce the ability of my feelings to guide my decisions. This shall require me to look at the practical aspects and evaluating the situations and people on the basis of practical facts.

I shall attempt to become a thinker. Thinkers usually find logic in the situations and take decisions accordingly. I would focus more upon tangible things and truth than on my own feelings. This shall enable me to make better decisions that shall help in improving the efficiency of the entire organization. I will be more brief and concise. I will adapt a more logical approach and be calm and reasonable.

Furnham, A. (2017). Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 1-4). Springer International Publishing.

Hu, J., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Leader–team Complementarity: Exploring the Interactive Effects of Leader Personality Traits and Team Power Distance Values on Team Processes and Performance.

Jaques, E. (2017). Requisite organization: A total system for effective managerial organization and managerial leadership for the 21st century. Routledge.

Li, M., Mobley, W. H., & Kelly, A. (2013). When do global leaders learn best to develop cultural intelligence? An investigation of the moderating role of experiential learning style. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 12(1), 32-50.

Monteiro, V. M., & Lopes, M. P. (2014). Between compassionateness and assertiveness: A trust matrix for leaders. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 7(3), 622.

Warrick, D. D. (2017). What leaders need to know about organizational culture. Business Horizons, 60(3), 395-404.

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Chavis Chronicles

Season 1, Episode 1 of 52

THE CHAVIS CHRONICLES is a thought-provoking half-hour weekly talk show with an urban American flair featuring interviews with famous leaders and politicians, doctors and scientists, cultural leaders and influencers from around the globe. The public affairs program goes beyond the headlines offering insights on matters that impact the public, and provides a unique perspective from a renowned living legend of the African-American world. Each week, Dr. Benjamin F. Chavis, Jr. hosts the 52-part series. Dr. Chavis - an award-winning journalist, civil rights icon, and consummate intellectual influencer - is a skilled interviewer who presents important content and diverse conversations that are engaging, enlightening and entertaining to a wide audience.

Previously Aired

9:30 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
The University of Arizona


The average human being skeleton weighs 14% of its full body weight. Data says that the median weight of guys in the USA end 20 is 90 kg. So the masculine skeleton weight will certainly be about 12.5 kg (27.5 pounds), and also a female skeleton weighs around 10.5 kg (23 pounds).

You are watching: How much does a female skeleton weigh

Skeleton is among the internal frameworks that are essential for the human body. The weight of the person skeleton can increase together with age. So, just how much go the mean weight the a human skeleton? before going further about that, let’s see the explanation of what skeleton is below.

What is human being Skeleton?

As defined before, the human being skeleton is component of the human body written of 270 up to 300 bones once a infant was born. The complete skeleton climate decreases to 206 bones when people get older. The is since several bones acquire fused simultaneously.
Human Skeleton PicturesThere are two types of the person skeleton: the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is formed by the pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle, lower and also upper libs. Furthermore, the appendicular skeleton is attached come the axial skeleton.Meanwhile, the axial skeleton comprises the skull, the rib cage, the vertebral column, and other bones. The skeleton additionally has bone massive which have the right to reach the best density between age 21.

Average weight of human Skeleton

Usually, the median weight the the person skeleton is around 14% that the total body weight. Because that example, if American males over 20 have actually 200 pounds of complete body weight, the human being skeleton weight will be approximately 27.5 pounds or 12.5 kg. Besides, the female has an average human being skeleton weight of about 23 pounds or 10.6 kg.As mentioned before, human has 270-300 bones as soon as they to be born, however becomes 206 bones when they obtain older. Approximately age 20, the human bones will stop growing and have the maximum density approximately age 30.The toughest and also longest bone on the human being body is the femur. The femur is located within the upper leg. Mostly, humans have 12 bag of ribs, i m sorry is 24 ribs in total. However, 1 the end of 500 civilization has 25 ribs. This one additional rib is referred to as the cervical rib and also can cause health issues.

See more: Tỳ Hưu Thạch Anh Đen Có Năng Lực Huyền Bí Như Thế Nào? Tỳ Hưu Đá Thạch Anh Đen Mang Linh Khí Mạnh

How to Make strong Bones?

Mostly, the bone mass will typically increase until civilization reach period 30. Therefore, after ~ that, the massive bone will certainly decrease small by little. However, you have the right to still take care of her bones come avoid any type of health issues. It is since health worries related come bone mass space not remarkable if that is no worse enough.Thus, you need to keep her bone solid as finest as girlfriend can. To carry out that, over there are numerous ways to store your bones dense and healthy. Because that example, you deserve to consume nutrients, such together calcium, vitamin K, vitamin D, magnesium, and potassium. Those nutrient can contribute to making your bones healthy.Moreover, over there are likewise some points that you have to avoid to store your bone mass. You have the right to not consume alcohol and caffeine overly due to the fact that they can reason health worries related to bones. Furthermore, smoking likewise can negatively impact bone mass.In sum, human skeleton weight relies on the age and also the load of every person. Furthermore, you have to keep her bone healthy and also dense after girlfriend reach age 30. Well, that’s all for the explanation, and also I expect you uncover this article useful.


3D scanning is used to create a digital representation of a worksite.

The steel industry has come a long way in recent years. In the past, a draftsperson or site engineer would have to take manual measurements to create a design layout and determine the required materials for a project. Advanced scanning and digital imaging technology have revolutionised this process — a 3D snapshot of a site can be used to create a digital representation, allowing for precise measurements and accurate material planning. Read on to find out more about how 3D scanning works and how it can improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of a project…

How does it work?

3D laser scanning is a technique used to measure and collect data from buildings, objects and surfaces with extreme accuracy. Scanning equipment works by collecting information from the relevant object or worksite to create 3D models.

3D scanning has become increasingly advanced in recent years. The most up-to-date scanning procedures use laser beams, advanced sensors, GPS, inertial measurement units (IMU), receiver electronics and photodetectors to calculate the coordinates of a particular target area. The laser scanning systems emit light waves that hit the surfaces and reflect onto the sensor. The sensor then works by calculating how far away the surface is. This distance measure is then used to calculate coordination for the tiny area of the surface that was hit by the laser beam. Millions of coordinates are collected, processed, and used to form a digital representation of the scanned surface. The 3D representation is very accurate and can be used to plan for construction and other applications.

How does it simplify the supply chain?

New drafting and imaging technologies have reduced inefficiencies and increased overall precision in considerable ways. Without this technology, a draftsperson or site engineer would have to take manual measurements to create a design layout. This design layout would then be used to determine what materials are required for a project. When measurements and plans are made manually, there is always the risk of human error. This can lead to over or underestimating the required materials and time delays, and overspending on budgets.

When 3D scanning technology is used, on the other hand, there is no risk of human error. Data and information are fed directly to specialised machinery, which cuts and processes the correct amount of material required for the project. This often reduces the overall cost of a project and ensures that all deadlines are met.

Advanced scanning technology also allows a modern steel processing company to complete all aspects of a job. There is no longer a need to separate the drafting, processing and erection phases, which means that the overall supply chain process is more streamlined than before.

What is it used for?

Besides its use in steel processing and construction, 3D scanning has many other applications. The technology can map and survey roads and buildings, town planning, mining, archaeological projects, and civil engineering-related work. The technology is particularly useful when it is necessary to collect information from inaccessible or hard-to-access areas because it can be mounted onto vehicles or drones.

3D scanning is widely used in a broad range of applications thanks to the potential for 3D models to so accurately simulate projects. The technology reduces the risk of potentially expensive and time-wasting errors significantly and also helps to collect considerable amounts of data in a short period of time.

How can we help?

At BridgeFab, we have simplified our steel processing methods with the help of 3D scanning technology. We have invested in new technology and machinery, which allows us to reduce project inefficiencies, supply chain concerns and overall costs. To find out more about how we use 3D scanning as part of our steel processing services, please have a look here.

To arrange a consultation with us or to request a quote, please don’t hesitate to get in touch.


4 Main Causes and Symptoms of an Engine Misfire 2022

engine misfire causes

Vehicles, like humans, also become sick once in a while. Understanding the cause of the sickness is a prerequisite for finding a cure. An engine misfire is one of the common sicknesses your car may experience within its lifespan.

So, understanding the common engine misfire causes is a step further in fixing the problem.

This article unravels most of the reasons why vehicles experience engine misfire and what you must do to remedy the situation. However, let’s start by defining the meaning of an engine misfire.

What is an Engine Misfire?

A misfire (or engine misfire) is a malfunction whereby the air-fuel mixture within a car’s combustion chamber fails to ignite at the right time or correctly. This malfunction causes the car to stall, vibrate, or idle roughly.

The engine generates power from several operations, including the spark from the plugs, the air-mixture release, and a host of other mechanical operations.

The engine relies on the fuel from the injectors released into the combustion chamber and the right proportion of air from the intake system. This mixture is ignited by the spark from the vehicle’s spark plugs.

However, the air-fuel mixture must occur within a specified ratio for efficient performance. Any defection from the expected ratio can alter the combustion operation and cause the engine to misfire. Although, this defection can be linked to some of the engine misfire causes below.

Engine Misfire Causes

Although several factors may be responsible for an engine misfire, the following are some of the core reasons why an engine may likely battle a misfire issue.

Defective spark plugs

A spark plug problem is one of the foremost causes of an engine misfire. Two out of three engine misfire occurrences will most likely be traceable to worn or defective spark plugs.

Since the spark plugs initiate the spark that triggers the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber to produce engine power, the engine may suffer a misfire when they become weak or go bad.

Clogged or dirty fuel injectors

After the spark plugs issue, the fuel supply issue ranks as another common reason for an engine misfire. Clogged or dirty injectors will not be able to supply the required amount of fuel at the right time for proper firing within the cylinder. This can lead to rough idling and a misfire eventually.

Vacuum leak

A vacuum leak is another culprit of an engine misfire. Several vacuum hoses are designed around the intake manifold to help manage airflow to various engine areas for proper functioning.

Sometimes, one or more of the hoses can be punctured or become defective due to aging. This will automatically result in a vacuum leak that further leads to engine misfire, among other problems.

Worn piston rings

A vehicle’s piston rings are designed to move within the cylinders as the crankshaft spins. They make a proper seal along the wall of the cylinders to enable pressure build-up within the cylinder head as the cylinder compresses air.

So, once the piston rings become worn out, they may not be able to create the required seal for the pressure. Hence, a low-pressure level will automatically result in poor engine performance and eventually lead to an engine misfire.

How to Fix Engine Misfire

Since several factors may be responsible for an engine misfire, it is possible to “shadow-box” in fixing the problem. However, this is not the best way to go about it.

Firstly, it is important to diagnose the exact cause of the problem and channel the solution to that area. Nevertheless, the solutions below will be helpful in rectifying a misfiring engine.

Scan for the problem with an OBD II scanner

An OBD II diagnostic trouble code scanner will be helpful in ascertaining the actual cause of an engine misfire. Since the car’s computer system may give off a misfire code, scanning for the problem will help you identify the meaning of the code. Then, you can proceed to fix the fault.

Replace the bad spark plugs

If the engine misfire is caused by worn or defective spark plugs, ensure to replace the components immediately. Once you do this, you’re good to go.

Clean up the fuel injectors

Clogged fuel injectors only need a thorough cleaning. So, if your car’s injectors are clogged up with dirt, kindly clean them up with recommended injector cleaning kit.

Replace other faulty components

Finally, if the misfire is caused by a faulty ignition system, worn-out piston rings, a vacuum leak, or a defective catalytic converter, ensure to replace the components or repair the ones that can be fixed as soon as possible.

In any case, kindly contact a professional auto mechanic to fix the engine misfire problem if the concerned component is a delicate part.

What causes sudden engine misfire?

A sudden engine misfire is usually caused by defective spark plugs, among other culprits. The spark plugs play a vital role in the ignition process of a car. The components trigger the spark that ignites your car’s air-fuel mixture, thereby causing the engine to generate power.

If the spark plugs become worn out or defective, they will not be able to release the spark necessary for starting the combustion process. Therefore, you may experience a sudden engine misfire.

Is an engine misfire a big deal?

Of course, an engine misfire is a big deal. It is a serious issue that must be taken seriously and immediately rectified before it degenerates into more severe engine damage. In fact, a sudden misfire while the car is on the road can lead to an unexpected accident.

Typically, vehicle malfunctions should not be allowed to linger on for a long time. Ensure to fix any fault you spot in your car immediately, especially one that affects the engine or its components.

Can I drive with an engine misfire?

Although it is possible to still move your car around with an engine misfire problem, this is totally not ideal for your safety. An engine misfire issue is not good for you or your car. It can result in a fatal accident or destroy your car’s engine.

So, anytime you detect a symptom that reveals you have an engine misfire problem, ensure to contact a professional auto mechanic immediately.

Is an engine misfire expensive to fix?

An engine misfire can be cheap to fix and, at the same time, be expensive in some cases, depending on the cause of the problem. The estimated cost of fixing an engine misfire ranges from $100 to around $1,000 or more.

In any case, diagnosing the actual cause of the problem is the primary approach to fixing a spark plugs problem. This will enable you to find out the cost of the part as well as labor cost.

How do you diagnose a misfire?

Diagnosing a misfire may not require any sophisticated equipment as a DIYer. You can spot a misfire through the following symptoms; loss of engine power, stalling, vibrations, difficulty in starting the engine, bad fuel economy, etc.

If you notice any of the symptoms above, kindly consult an expert auto technician to further diagnose the problem to find out the exact fault that is responsible.

Final Thoughts

Experiencing an engine misfire is not necessarily as bad as it seems if you know what to do. Of course, knowledge is a shield against a foreseen problem. That being said, do not panic if you’re facing a similar problem.

Meanwhile, carefully find out if the problem falls within any of the engine misfire causes highlighted above. After that, apply the corresponding remedy to the issue.

However, you may need to contact a professional auto mechanic in complicated cases.

Related Posts:

4 Main Causes and Symptoms of an Engine Misfire 2022

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At what week is a fetus viable?

At what week is a fetus viable?

How do I know my pregnancy is viable?

After 6 weeks, a normal fetal heart indicates a viable pregnancy. A fetal heart with no heartbeat at any point is called fetal demise. Before 22-24 weeks, a non-viable pregnancy is when a baby delivered has no chance of survival, even if there is still a heartbeat in the uterus.

What does it mean if the fetus is not viable?

In some situations, a “non-viable” fetus is defined as a fetus that has a <50% chance of surviving outside the womb and is reserved for a fetus less than ~24 weeks gestational age. A first-trimester fetus without a heartbeat may more accurately be called a “failed pregnancy”.

At what HCG can you see heartbeat?

What happens to mother if baby dies in womb?

If a woman’s baby dies before labour starts, she will usually be offered medicine to help induce labour. This is safer for the mother than having a caesarean section. If there’s no medical reason for the baby to be born straightaway, it may be possible to wait for labour to begin naturally.

What happens if baby dies in womb at 20 weeks?

What is stillbirth? When a baby dies in utero at 20 weeks of pregnancy or later, it’s called a stillbirth. (When a pregnancy is lost before 20 weeks, it’s called a miscarriage.) About 1 in 160 pregnancies ends in stillbirth in the United States.

How common is stillbirth after 20 weeks?

What are the chances of miscarriage at 20 weeks?

What can cause a miscarriage at 20 weeks pregnant?

Causes of Miscarriage in the Second Trimester

  • Chromosomal Abnormalities.
  • Congenital Defects.
  • Placental Problems.
  • Cervical Insufficiency.
  • Infections.
  • Chronic Conditions.
  • Thrombophilia.
  • Abdominal Trauma.

Can a baby die at 20 weeks?

Early stillbirth: The fetus dies between 20 and 27 weeks. Late stillbirth: The fetus dies between 28 and 36 weeks. Term stillbirth: The fetus dies the 37th week or after.

Can you miscarry after seeing a heartbeat?

Is seeing a heartbeat at 8 weeks a good sign?

Why does a fetus heart stop beating?

Causes of Missed Miscarriage With a missed miscarriage, your pregnancy started off on the right foot when the fertilized egg implanted in your uterus. But some time in the first trimester, usually around 6 to 10 weeks, the embryo quit developing and the heartbeat stopped.

Is 9 weeks too early to announce pregnancy?

There are no rules to when you announce your pregnancy. Some women wait until they’re 20 weeks, others can’t wait for the home pregnancy test to dry! Social norms can change and adapt, if you want to unroll a banner on the bridge or put an announcement in the paper, it’s up to you.

Can you have a bump at 9 weeks pregnant?

9 Weeks Pregnant Belly You may even be showing a bit at 9 weeks. Your uterus will begin to grow out of your pelvis in the coming weeks. Weight gain at 9 weeks isn’t just okay”it’s recommended.

What are the chances of miscarriage at 9 weeks pregnant?


Fork me on GitHub

Hey. I'm getting around to learning how Edge works, and I noticed that you took a look at shadow-cljs in Kick but disabled it since it conflicts with fighweel: But isn't shadow-cljs supposed to replace figwheel completely? Why use them together at all?

I'd ask directly at the juxt/kick.alpha repo but the issues are disabled there.

Oh I guess it's because of a fork

I think we were trying to use them together in a project for unrelated but colocated builds. We are now not using shadow at all, and haven't really invested the time to ensure it works as expected. Totally open to having shadow support enabled again.

I see, thanks. I'll see what I can make here, maybe even something worth sharing. BTW how do you find NPM support in figwheel-main?

There's nothing special in Figwheel, but what clojurescript offers in core has been fine for us. We don't use a lot of npm in our projects though.

Ah, gotcha. I started to use shadow-cljs specifically because it has much nicer support for NPM in my opinion, had zero issues with it.


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Data from: Similarity in mycorrhizal communities associating with two widespread terrestrial orchids decays with distance

Xing, Xiaoke et al. (2020), Data from: Similarity in mycorrhizal communities associating with two widespread terrestrial orchids decays with distance, Dryad, Dataset,

Aim: Interactions with mycorrhizal fungi are increasingly recognized as an important factor underlying the distribution and abundance of orchid species. However, the geographic distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and how their communities vary over large geographical areas are less well understood. Because climatic and environmental similarity may decrease with geographical distance or because some OMF have limited dispersal capabilities, similarities in orchid mycorrhizal communities can be expected to decrease with increasing distances separating orchid populations. However, up till now empirical evidence is largely lacking. Location: Eurasia Taxa: Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Brown and Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz Methods: High-throughput sequencing was used to perform a cross-continental comparison of OMF that associate with two widespread Eurasian terrestrial orchids, Epipactis helleborine and Gymnadenia conopsea. Both phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic measures of community dissimilarity and their components were calculated and related to geographic distances using Mantel tests. Results: Our results showed that in both orchid species similarity in mycorrhizal communities decreased significantly with geographical distance. Decomposing the contribution of spatial turnover and nestedness to overall dissimilarity showed that the observed dissimilarity was mainly the result of species replacement between regions, and not of species loss. Similarly, a strong relationship was observed between phylogenetic community dissimilarity and geographic distance. Decomposing PCD values into a nonphylogenetic and phylogenetic component showed that orchid populations located closely next to each other were likely to contain the same OTUs, but that the non-shared taxa came from different phylogenetic clades. Species indicator analyses showed that the majority of OMF OTUs were restricted to particular geographic areas. However, some OTUs occurred in both continents, indicating that some fungi have very wide distributions. Main conclusions: Overall, these results demonstrate that orchid mycorrhizal communities differ substantially across large geographic areas, but that the distribution of orchids is not necessarily restricted by the distribution of particular OMF. Hence, widespread orchid species can be considered mycorrhizal generalists that are flexible in the OMF with which they associate across large geographic areas.

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Schreuder, Laura T; Stuut, Jan-Berend W; Korte, Laura F; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S; Schouten, Stefan (2017): Aeolian transport and deposition of plant wax n-alkanes across the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. PANGAEA,, Supplement to: Schreuder, LT et al. (2018): Aeolian transport and deposition of plant wax n -alkanes across the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Organic Geochemistry, 115, 113-123,

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Long chain n-alkanes are terrestrial higher plant biomarkers used to reconstruct continental paleoclimatic and paleohydrological conditions with marine sedimentary archives. Latitudinal variation in their concentration and distribution in marine sediments relatively close to the continent has been widely studied, but little is known on how far this continental signal extends into the ocean. Furthermore, no studies have examined the seasonal variation in the deposition of these biomarkers in marine sediments. Here we studied longitudinal variation in the composition of long chain n-alkanes and two other terrestrial higher plant biomarkers (long chain n-alkanols and long chain fatty acids) in atmospheric particles, as well as longitudinal and seasonal variation in long chain n-alkanes in sinking particles in the ocean at different water depths and in surface sediments, all collected along a 12°N transect across the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. The highest abundance of all three biomarker classes was closest to the African coast, as expected, because they are transported with Saharan dust and the largest part of the dust is deposited close to the source. At this proximal location, the seasonal variability in long chain n-alkane flux and the chain length distribution of the n-alkanes in sinking particles was most pronounced, due to seasonal change in the dust source or due to change in vegetation composition in the source area, related to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In contrast, in the open ocean the seasonal variability in both the long chain n-alkane flux and chain length distribution of the n-alkanes was low. The abundance of the alkanes was also lower, as expected because of the larger source-to-sink distance. At the western part of the transect, close to South America, we found an additional source of the alkanes in the sinking particles during spring and autumn in the year 2013. The d13C of the alkanes in the surface sediment closest to the South American continent indicated that the isotope signal is likely derived from C3 vegetation from the Amazon, implying an input from the Amazon River, as there is no significant aeolian input from South America there since the prevailing wind direction is from the east. Finally, the concentration of the alkanes was similar in the material collected from the atmosphere, the particles collected while settling through the marine water column, and in the surface sediments, providing evidence that degradation of long chain n-alkanes from the atmosphere to settling at the sediment-water interface at deep open ocean sites is minimal.
Median Latitude: 12.594872 * Median Longitude: -38.932626 * South-bound Latitude: 11.951167 * West-bound Longitude: -56.941000 * North-bound Latitude: 13.811500 * East-bound Longitude: -21.919000
Date/Time Start: 2012-10-07T10:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2013-11-29T22:12:00
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Operation and maintenance of lollipop manufacturing machines

The failure of the lollipop manufacturing machine is the last thing manufacturers want to see. Failure means that the production line needs to be stopped and the equipment needs to be repaired. All these will affect the development. Avoiding failures can make these developments unrestricted. The development space brought by the manufacturers continues to increase. How to reduce the failure of the lollipop manufacturing machine, the following is a detailed introduction:

lollipop manufacturing machine

How the lollipop making machine works:

Some incorrect operations will have a serious impact on the equipment, burying the danger of safety accidents. The reduction of failures of lollipop manufacturing machines is inseparable from correct operation. It is necessary to provide necessary training to the staff to make them familiar with the operation of the equipment. Correct operation and reduce failures.

Lollipop manufacturing machine cleaning and maintenance:

The impact of residual food materials in lollipop manufacturing machines is beyond people's actual expectations. It will not only affect food safety, but also cause equipment failures. Therefore, the implementation of cleaning work can reduce these failure problems and affect the production line. The necessary maintenance of the equipment can also extend the service life, and the benefits that can be brought are beyond people's actual imagination. These can be obtained through simple cleaning and maintenance, and the cost of use is almost zero. The manufacturer needs to fully implement it.

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Queer Sewing Circle

2018 - 2021

Olivia and I started the Queer Sewing Circle when we came back to Moscow from Albuquerque in 2018. It drew on a lot of inspirations from our time away, mainly the wildly transformative courses we took from Amy L. Brandzel (Transgender Studies and Queer/Trans/2-Spirit Migrations) and our experiences at OFFCenter Arts. OFFCenter was right near to the pizza place I was working at, and eventually we wandered in to find this bustling little community arts center! They had freely accessible art supplies for anyone who came in, and a gallery space for people to sell art. They catered especially to folks experiencing homelessness or other marginalized positions that make access to art spaces much more difficult. I spent a week or so walking over in the early morning and learning how to sew on a community machine. I made Olivia and I matching Kiki's Delivery Service costumes for halloween (we were both Kiki, just to be clear.)

So, when we got back to Moscow, we put up some posters and instagram posts, established a listserv, and started meeting weekly in the back room of One World Cafe. There were a few different things we were trying to do. It was a way to meet people and build community. At the time, neither of our crafting skills were especially advanced, so this was a way to set aside two hours a week to learn how to explore and build skills. This was a space where we wanted a free exchange of information. For instance, Mars had been knitting for an incredibly long time and was able to help Olivia when she started expanding her knitting practice. This was also a way to carve out a more capacious queer space in Moscow, which at the time was basically very small on-campus groups or intermittent drag shows. Not to knock these spaces, but it didn't feel like enough.

A little over a year in we figured we could lean more into the skill-sharing aspect by having monthly workshops, each with a topic. The first one was about embroidery (conveniently videographed by me here!) and after that we did darning, beeswax wraps, knitting/crocheting, mending, and sculpey ornaments.

When COVID hit, we migrated to virtual meetings, which worked well, and had the added bonus of opening up the space to folks that had left Moscow. In the warmer, less scary months we had a few outdoor meetings, which were beautiful in their own way.

With moving to Berlin, we decided it was time for the Sewing Circle to end. Even though we'd been doing things remotely for a while, it felt like it was still a place-based project, and it had run it's course anyway. At the last online session we (the few people there) decided to make a QSC afterlife email group, which is currently metamorphasizing into a larger, different thing that Olivia's administrating. I'll update the story when there's more to say :^)

If you want to look at craft things, head over to that zone of the site. Here's a link. A lot of those projects found time to flourish during a sewing circle meeting.


Why is Computer Proficiency so Important? Your ability to use a variety of computer programs is an important skill to put in your CV and into the next project. Not only does computer knowledge help you look for a job, it can also increase your salary while you can carry more weight.

What are the basic computer skills needed?

What are the basic computer skills needed?
© vic.gov.au

What are the basic computer skills that every job seeker should have? See the article : Basic computer skills test.

  • Windows. – Turn on the computer and log in. …
  • File Management. – Run Windows Explorer. …
  • Word Management. – Create documents in Microsoft Word. …
  • Documents. -Understanding the function of a spreadsheet. …
  • Access the Internet.

What is a real computer proficiency test? Computer Proficient Testing (CSP) is designed to assess the proficiency of computer science which. you need to be successful in your college career. Contains a total of over 60 questions. areas (10 questions in each area): Basic rules.

Read also

Video : What is basic computer skills

How many types of computer skills are there?

How many types of computer skills are there?
© squarespace-cdn.com

In general, there are two types of computer skills: software and hardware: Software expertise: helps you use computer-related applications, tools and programs. To see also : What are the basic computer skills needed. Often, employers do not mention computer skills in the job description because these are global skills and requirements for most jobs.

What is computer technology called? What is Software Expertise? Software expertise is a specific area of computer expertise. While “computer expertise” refers to anything related to the use of computers, special software technology refers to the use of computer programs. Software expertise allows you to run applications on a computer.

How much computer technology is there? Computer skills can be broken down into 13 major components.


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Peer Pressure: Not Necessarily all Bad

Before we can discuss the topic of peer pressure it is important to note what exactly it is. Peer pressure can also be thought of as peer influence and social pressure. It is the process whereby an individual, normally a teenager, is directly influenced by the the lifestyle, attitudes, values and behaviours of their peers/friends. It is when you choose to do something you wouldn’t otherwise do, in order to be accepted and valued by others. Going forward reading this blog, I would like you to try and hold a neutral mind set. So often Peer Pressure is viewed from a very negative perspective and referred to negatively when discussing negative behaviours that our teens have started to display; “I’m sure Sally is behaving like this because of peer pressure…”. Although it often means doing something you might not ordinarily do, it doesn’t mean doing something against your willI. It also doesn’t always mean that the thing being done is negative. t is important to remove our negative patterns of thinking about Peer Pressure here.

Wanting to be more like your friends is a perfectly normal part of the teenage journey. Adolescence is a time of self-centeredness and self-involvement. When the world doesn’t really stretch beyond me, myself and I. Self and friend’s opinions matter most. again , this.is.normal. As I have discussed in previous blogs, teenagers are developing their self identity, so yes, it is a time for selfishness. For the sake of avoiding negative the negative stigma of peer pressure, I will continue by rather using the term; “Peer Influence”. Of course, as normal as it is for a teenager to be more focussed on themselves and their friends, it is also perfectly normal for parents to be concerned about whether the peer influence on their teen is healthy and safe, or not. So let’s consider it.

The Negative Side of Peer Influence:

No one wants to feel that they don’t ‘fit in’, isolated or ‘different’. A teenager wants to feel that they are up to date with what is deemed most popular at the time. This is increasingly difficult for today’s youth where they are by more than just their peers but world as a whole. Social media plays a significant role in what is interpreted as ‘right’ or ‘wrong’, ‘cool’ or ‘uncool, ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’. There is a great deal of expectations to be a certain way and say certain things. Being uncertain in your fundamental beliefs and values as an individual leaves room for fear of saying ‘no’ to develop. That is when a teen may give in to peer influence. Letting it dictate who they are, or who they think they are or should be.

In these circumstances peer influences can lead to a loss of individuality. Blindly imitating the masses, style, interests, behaviour and general lifestyle. Jumping on the bandwagon rather than forging a new and independent path through life. Of course this results in fear in parents of risky and dangerous behaviour such as smoking, drinking and drug use. This highlights the need for teenagers to foster a positive and grounded sense of self as early as possible. Of course their identity will never be stable during this phase of development but, we would like them to have a clear picture of their values, morals and beliefs; a sense of their authentic self. Being authentic doesn’t mean being inflexible, it does mean being ok with saying ‘no’, no matter the opinion of others and knowing their worth in any situation.

The Positive Side of Peer Influence:

Peer influence can have positive influence on a teenagers growth, identity formation and general productivity. Peer influence can offer inspiration, support, and comradery. We are more likely to try something that makes us a little nervous when we know we have others to depend on in the process. For example; joining the netball team with a friend rather than going it alone. It can lead to the adoption of good habits, bringing about positive changes in thinking, behaviour and lifestyle.

Ideally, we strive to be friends with people who are similar. This again highlights the need for some sense of who you are and what you like as you enter into teenagehood (as discussed above). When our peers are similar to us they can act as a magnifier for our positive behaviours. For example, a peer group that enjoys exercise will encourage one another to participate in exercise related activities or encourage each other to do well in their sporting endeavours. Positive peers are seen to influence motivation, interest, perseverance and overall personality development and future aspirations. As mentioned in my previous blog about the role of friendships during adolescence; social support is important for overcoming adversity. A teen is more likely to ‘bounce back’ from an unpleasant event or situation when they know they have the support of their friends and people to confide in. It is more likely that teens to feel isolated with limited social support will internalize negative experiences more deeply.

Self Confidence and Authenticity are key to buffering against negative peer pressure and thriving off of positive peer influence.


Birthday special: Decoding the themes in Imtiaz Ali’s films

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It can be said that Imtiaz Ali is an auteur who has created defining moments in Indian cinema that resonate with generations. The filmmaker"s works are embedded in our collective consciousness between his most memorable characters and music choices. You know the instant urge to travel (in hopes of unwittingly stumbling upon your soulmate), to channel the wild optimism of his wide-eyed main characters (read: Geet) or to reflect on heartache in all its shades. Over the years, it"s easy to see the theme that runs through all his movies. Jab We Met, Love Aaj Kal, Rockstar and Tamasha, among other beloved titles from his filmography released in a time frame ranging from 2000 to 2015. And yet, they share themes that at once feel personal and universal.

On the prolific director"s birthday, we"re casting an appreciative glance at his visual language and storytelling style. Here"s what goes into the making of an Imtiaz Ali film, as witnessed in his most popular titles:

Imtiaz Ali"s Characters Yearn For Love

If there"s one overarching feeling that sits with you after an Imtiaz Ali film it"s perhaps yearning. The heart-aching longing for a loved one is present in all his films just as it"s present in real life. Imtiaz Ali knows pining in all its nuances and it shows. In quintessential Bollywood fashion, his film"s characters spend time apart. It is in these moments that they unravel the extent of their romantic feelings. This theme is most apparent in his 2015 film Tamasha. We see Ved (Ranbir Kapoor) longing for Tara (Deepika Padukone), especially when he"s at his lowest. Her absence is so painful for him that he cannot help but scream her name into the vastness of the sky. As he screams 'Tara,' he looks to the stars, the literal translation of her name. It"s simple yet poetic. In Rockstar, another Ranbir Kapoor-led film, Janardan Jhakar who goes by Jordan is devastated following his separation from Heer Kaul. He emulates Ranjha in his longing for the love of his life which also flows through his music.

Imtiaz Ali"s Films Use Travel As A Form Of Escapism

Imtiaz Ali"s characters live in the real world and have some very real problems. Geet (Kareena Kapoor) from Jab We Met wants to break free from her family"s expectations of arranged marriage. So she hops onto a train and leaves for Manali. Ved (Ranbir Kapoor) from Tamasha wants to get away from a mind-numbingly boring job and he finds the perfect getaway in the stunning landscapes of Corsica. Highway"s Veera (Alia Bhatt) feels trapped by the city and her traumatic past and wants to run away from it all. She finds her escape on winding highway roads after she gets abducted. It"s safe to say that these characters aren"t running away from responsibilities or travelling for leisure - they"re looking for places where they can truly be themselves. Their stories and fates might be different but the intent is similar.

Imtiaz Ali’s Films Have Mountains, Mirrors And Neckties As Recurring Motifs

Travel sequences in Imtiaz Ali"s films are incomplete without mountains. His characters often find their ultimate getaway amidst mountains be it joyous song sequences or a moment of relief as they revel in nature. In Jab We Met, Geet wants to run away specifically to the mountains. In Rockstar, Heer (Nargis Fakri) asks Jordan to take her to the Himalayas. Jordan travels to Kashmir and we get stunning montages of the mountains set to the song Phir Se Ud Chala. Meanwhile, in Highway, Veera feels a pull toward the mountains. She feels lighter and freer in the mountains. Even in Laila Majnu, we see Kashmir"s beauty, especially when Qais asks Laila to go to the mountains with him and shares his fascination with journeying to the other side. While mountains are often freeing for the characters, mirrors are all about the inescapable reflections, quite literally. We all give into existential dread and so do Imtiaz Ali"s heroes and heroines. Tamasha sees Ved grapple with his dilemma as she looks into mirrors and even talks to his own reflection. Meanwhile, in Love Aaj Kal, Meera looks at herself in the mirror and tries to conjure up a smile after getting a disappointing text from Jai. Mirrors are a recurring motif that offers a moment to pause not just for the film"s characters but also for audiences.

Apart from mountains and mirrors, neckties are often used to show when a male lead is literally feeling tied down. Imtiaz Ali"s movies often associate the mundane with a trap - take, for example, a boring 9-5 job that requires one to put on a suit and a tie. To bring out the theme of entrapment, he has characters feeling caught up in the mundanity till they finally break free and unfasten their ties. Jab We Met"s Aditya looks rather sad before he takes off his tie and walks with no specific destination. In Tamasha, Ved links having to wear the tie every day and going to work as a form of slavery, highlighting the effects of capitalism. In Jab Harry Met Sejal, Harry (Shah Rukh Khan) is happiest when he"s not wearing a tie as opposed to when he"s wearing one at his day job.

Imtiaz Ali’s Films Use Some Great Music As A Narrative Device

Try listening to Ajj Din Chadheya (sung by Rahat Fateh Ali Khan) without being instantly transported to a flashback scene from Love Aaj Kal where Saif Ali Khan’s Veer waits by his lover"s window. The whole song is about a man urging and even challenging God to unite him with his heart"s dearest desire (Giselli Monteiro"s Harleen Kaur). The song Tum Se Hi (sung by Mohit Chauhan) from Jab We Met put Aditya"s (Shahid Kapoor) feelings for Geet on full display. Rockstar"s music, composed by music maestro A.R. Rahman is undeniably great and so is the soundtrack album which is filled with rousing hits. Among these, Sadda Haq and Jo Bhi Mein stand out. The two rock songs that became instant hits with audiences are reportedly influenced by The Rolling Stones and Pink Floyd. What makes them great is that the lyrics don"t just assert Jordan"s individuality but stand for everyone who has something to say. It"s a stellar example of weaving a story into music. And that isn"t the only film with bangers on its soundtrack list.

Over the years Imtiaz Ali has shared some insights on his methods. In a Forbes interview, he revealed that he doesn"t exactly identify as a 'cinema buff' and doesn"t watch that many movies. Instead, his films quite evidently draw from real-life situations. He claimed he doesn"t have any other inspirations. That being said, he has also cited the influence of many films that a cinephile would swear by - like Sholay, Chungking Express, Pather Panchali, Seven Samurai, Cinema Paradiso and more on his filmography. Of course, as one of Bollywood’s most successful filmmakers, he has great taste and it only shows through his own works. In spite of Imtiaz Ali"s films facing a common criticism of repeating themes in his movies, their universality remains and it"s a testament to his relatable art.

Here"s wishing director Imtiaz Ali a very happy birthday.

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Tourists hoping to visit the world's tallest living tree may be in for a rude awakening following a strict new policy.

California's Redwood National Park issued a notice last week informing the public that anyone caught near the famous Hyperion tree may face up to six months in jail and a $5,000 fine.

"Hyperion is located off trail through dense vegetation and requires heavy 'bushwhacking' in order to reach the tree," the national park's statement reads. "Despite the difficult journey, increased popularity due to bloggers, travel writers, and websites of this off-trail tree has resulted in the devastation of the habitat surrounding Hyperion."

Hyperion has been certified by Guinness World Records as the world's tallest living tree.

The giant redwood stands at 115.92 meters (380 feet) tall. Its name is derived from Greek mythology. One of the Titans, Hyperion is the father of sun god Helios and moon goddess Selene.

Hyperion is located deep in the park and has no suitable trails leading up to it, making it extremely hard to access.

Despite that, the tree has faced serious vandalism since 2006, when it was discovered by a pair of naturalists.

Chief of Natural Resources Leonel Arguello told the San Francisco Gate the area around the tree has extremely limited cellphone and GPS service, deeming it very difficult to rescue anyone who may get lost or injured near Hyperion.

In addition to erosion to the base of the tree, other issues arise with an influx of human visitors to Hyperion.

"There was trash, and people were creating even more side trails to use the bathroom," Arguello told the outlet, adding, "They leave used toilet paper and human waste — it's not a good thing."

Celebrities With a History of Protest


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Title: The landscape of disc outflows from black hole–neutron star mergers
ABSTRACT We investigate mass ejection from accretion discs formed in mergers of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). The third observing run of the LIGO/Virgo interferometers provided BH–NS candidate events that yielded no electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. The broad range of disc configurations expected from BH–NS mergers motivates a thorough exploration of parameter space to improve EM signal predictions. Here we conduct 27 high-resolution, axisymmetric, long-term hydrodynamic simulations of the viscous evolution of BH accretion discs that include neutrino emission/absorption effects and post-processing with a nuclear reaction network. In the absence of magnetic fields, these simulations provide a lower limit to the fraction of the initial disc mass ejected. We find a nearly linear inverse dependence of this fraction on disc compactness (BH mass over initial disc radius). The dependence is related to the fraction of the disc mass accreted before the ouflow is launched, which depends on the disc position relative to the innermost stable circular orbit. We also characterize a trend of decreasing ejected fraction and decreasing lanthanide/actinide content with increasing disc mass at fixed BH mass. This trend results from a longer time to reach weak freezout and an increasingly dominant role of neutrino absorption at higher more » disc masses. We estimate the radioactive luminosity from the disc outflow alone available to power kilonovae over the range of configurations studied, finding a spread of two orders of magnitude. For most of the BH–NS parameter space, the disc outflow contribution is well below the kilonova mass upper limits for GW190814. « less
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Award ID(s):
2020275 1806278
Publication Date:
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
3221 to 3233
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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  1. ABSTRACT Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are detecting a large number of binary stellar origin black hole (BH) mergers. A promising channel for accelerated BH merger lies in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs of gas around supermasssive BHs. Here, we investigate the relative number of compact object (CO) mergers in AGN disc models, including BH, neutron stars (NS), and white dwarfs, via Monte Carlo simulations. We find the number of all merger types in the bulk disc grows ∝ t1/3 which is driven by the Hill sphere of the more massive merger component. Median mass ratios of NS–BH mergers in AGN discs aremore »$\tilde{q}=0.07\pm 0.06(0.14\pm 0.07)$ for mass functions (MF) M−1(− 2). If a fraction fAGN of the observed rate of BH–BH mergers (RBH–BH) come from AGN, the rate of NS–BH (NS–NS) mergers in the AGN channel is ${R}_{\mathrm{ BH}\!-\!\mathrm{ NS}} \sim f_{\mathrm{ AGN}}[10,300]\, \rm {Gpc}^{-3}\, \rm {yr}^{-1},({\mathit{ R}}_{NS\!-\!NS} \le \mathit{ f}_{AGN}400\, \rm {Gpc}^{-3}\, \rm {yr}^{-1}$). Given the ratio of NS–NS/BH–BH LIGO search volumes, from preliminary O3 results the AGN channel is not the dominant contribution to observed NS–NS mergers. The number of lower mass gap events expected is a strong function of the nuclear MF and mass segregation efficiency. CO merger ratios derived from LIGO can restrict models of MF, mass segregation, and populations embedded in AGN discs. The expected number of electromagnetic (EM) counterparts to NS–BH mergers in AGN discs at z < 1 is $\sim [30,900]\, {\rm {yr}}^{-1}(f_{\mathrm{ AGN}}/0.1)$. EM searches for flaring events in large AGN surveys will complement LIGO constraints on AGN models and the embedded populations that must live in them.« less
  2. Abstract Among the potential milliHz gravitational wave (GW) sources for the upcoming space-based interferometer LISA are extreme- or intermediate-mass ratio inspirals (EMRI/IMRIs). These events involve the coalescence of supermassive black holes in the mass range 105M⊙ ≲ M ≲ 107M⊙ with companion BHs of much lower masses. A subset of E/IMRIs are expected to occur in the accretion discs of active galactic nuclei (AGN), where torques exerted by the disc can interfere with the inspiral and cause a phase shift in the GW waveform. Here we use a suite of two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with the moving-mesh code DISCO to presentmore »a systematic study of disc torques. We measure torques on an inspiraling BH and compute the corresponding waveform deviations as a function of the binary mass ratio q ≡ M2/M1, the disc viscosity (α), and gas temperature (or equivalently Mach number; $\mathcal {M}$). We find that the absolute value of the gas torques is within an order of magnitude of previously determined planetary migration torques, but their precise value and sign depends non-trivially on the combination of these parameters. The gas imprint is detectable by LISA for binaries embedded in AGN discs with surface densities above $\Sigma _0\ge 10^{4-6} \rm \, g cm^{-2}$, depending on q, α and $\mathcal {M}$. Deviations are most pronounced in discs with higher viscosities, and for E/IMRIs detected at frequencies where LISA is most sensitive. Torques in colder discs exhibit a noticeable dependence on the GW-driven inspiral rate as well as strong fluctuations at late stages of the inspiral. Our results further suggest that LISA may be able to place constraints on AGN disc parameters and the physics of disc-satellite interaction.« less
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  4. ABSTRACT Accretion discs around supermassive black holes are promising sites for stellar mass black hole mergers detectable with LIGO. Here we present the results of Monte Carlo simulations of black hole mergers within 1-d AGN disc models. For the spin distribution in the disc bulk, key findings are: (1) The distribution of χeff is naturally centred around $\tilde{\chi }_{\rm eff} \approx 0.0$, (2) the width of the χeff distribution is narrow for low natal spins. For the mass distribution in the disc bulk, key findings are: (3) mass ratios $\tilde{q} \sim 0.5\!-\!0.7$, (4) the maximum merger mass in the bulkmore »is $\sim 100\!-\!200\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, (5) $\sim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of bulk mergers involve BH $\gt 50\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ with (6) $\simeq 80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of bulk mergers are pairs of first generation BH. Additionally, mergers at a migration trap grow an IMBH with typical merger mass ratios $\tilde{q}\sim 0.1$. Ongoing LIGO non-detections of black holes $\gt 10^{2}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ puts strong limits on the presence of migration traps in AGN discs (and therefore AGN disc density and structure) as well as median AGN disc lifetime. The highest merger rate occurs for this channel if AGN discs are relatively short-lived (≤1 Myr) so multiple AGN episodes can happen per Galactic nucleus in a Hubble time.« less
  5. ABSTRACT Massive black hole (MBH) binary inspiral time-scales are uncertain, and their spins are even more poorly constrained. Spin misalignment introduces asymmetry in the gravitational radiation, which imparts a recoil kick to the merged MBH. Understanding how MBH binary spins evolve is crucial for determining their recoil velocities, their gravitational wave (GW) waveforms detectable with Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, and their retention rate in galaxies. Here, we introduce a sub-resolution model for gas- and gravitational wave (GW)-driven MBH binary spin evolution using accreting MBHs from the Illustris cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We also model binary inspiral via dynamical friction, stellar scattering,more »viscous gas drag, and GW emission. Our model assumes that the circumbinary disc always removes angular momentum from the binary. It also assumes differential accretion, which causes greater alignment of the secondary MBH spin in unequal-mass mergers. We find that 47 per cent of the MBHs in our population merge by z = 0. Of these, 19 per cent have misaligned primaries and 10 per cent have misaligned secondaries at the time of merger in our fiducial model with initial eccentricity of 0.6 and accretion rates from Illustris. The MBH misalignment fraction depends strongly on the accretion disc parameters, however. Reducing accretion rates by a factor of 100, in a thicker disc, yields 79 and 42 per cent misalignment for primaries and secondaries, respectively. Even in the more conservative fiducial model, more than 12 per cent of binaries experience recoils of >500 km s−1, which could displace them at least temporarily from galactic nuclei. We additionally find that a significant number of systems experience strong precession.« less


Developing better therapies for rare immune diseases

Dr Emma Haapaniemi is head of the Precision Pediatrics and Gene Editing group at NCMM. Here, she describes the impacts and burden that rare immune diseases have on patients and how she is working to help provide them with a cure.

Dr Emma Haapaniemi. Photo: Matti Immonen

What are monogenic immune diseases, and what are the implications for those diagnosed with such a disease?

Monogenic immune diseases are genetic diseases of the immune system and are caused when a person has a defective gene in their DNA. This defect can lead to a susceptibility to certain types of infection or can result in overwhelming autoimmunity. People with these defects can also become very sick with allergies or even be predisposed to cancer. People with a genetic defect can also suffer from a combination of these complex conditions.

There are around 300 known different genetic defects that, individually, are very rare but collectively they place a burden on the healthcare system. Generally, the patients require a lot of specialist care, which is difficult for them and their families. In terms of our group’s research, these patients are our target group. We work on developing CRISPR therapies to try to help treat them.

How or when are such monogenic diseases typically diagnosed, and what is their prognosis?

There are certainly challenges when it comes to the diagnosis. Typically, these disorders are diagnosed using next-generation sequencing. However, often the diseases are so rare that doctors might not identify or suspect a genetic defect straight away. Patients can then go undiagnosed for a long time and become very ill as a result. Once a clinician suspects that there might be a genetic defect present, one in three patients will still not receive a correct diagnosis using the current methods. Either they have a disease that has not yet been discovered or the genetic disease is such that it is very hard to detect with the current diagnostics methods available.

For a patient who is successfully diagnosed, there are treatment options. Many patients receive immunoglobulin replacement and antibiotic prophylaxis. The newer options are viral gene therapy and targeted immunotherapies originally developed for cancer and common autoimmune diseases. You can also try to completely cure the defect using a bone marrow transplant, however, this comes with challenges. Many of the patients tend to have quite advanced organ damage, such as lung, kidney, or skin damage, or they are suffering from inflammation throughout the body. It is then very difficult to conduct a bone marrow transplant due to the chemotherapy required. The new donor bone marrow cells also need to engraft into the patient’s bone marrow. If the patient is suffering from a lot of inflammation, this can be a difficult process.

In Norway, all newborns are tested for a primary immune deficiency called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SICD) via the newborn screening programme. This process can also detect some other serious genetic disorders. If diseases are picked up at this early stage, usually a few days after birth, then a suitable treatment such as a bone marrow transplant can be done straight away. This results in a very good prognosis. However, if diseases are not picked up at such an early stage, the odds for a successful bone marrow transplant decline and thus the patients can become extremely sick or die.

Can you describe how your research can help patients with a monogenic immune disease?

In our group, we focus on developing gene correction strategies for these diseases. One line of our research involves correcting mutations using stem cell therapies, whilst our other focus is to try and correct mutations by editing T cells.

We hope that the stem cell correction approach could be used in the future instead of a bone marrow transplant. We also hope that T cell corrections could be used for patients who are so sick that they cannot go through a bone marrow transplant. With a T cell defect, you can collect these defective cells and correct them, which is a much less aggressive treatment. This would be used in the case of a patient who has severe infection or autoimmunity and treatment would likely be successful if they can receive their own corrected cells back.

What challenges do you encounter with your research?

There are certainly problems to overcome. In the case of stem cell transplants, such as stem cell gene editing, the process is not very efficient for most diseases, and there are also concerns that the edited cells could give rise to cancer. In diseases like sickle cell disease, however, stem cell editing has been efficient and the first human trials have been encouraging (

The second issue, when it comes to stem cell editing, is that for several of the diseases we study, we don’t have good animal models, which complicates some parts of clinical translation. In addition, the diseases are rare so we don’t have a huge group of patients to work with. For this to be a success, future clinical trials ideally need to be multi-centred and international. We’re not quite ready for this stage just yet, but are hopeful that this will happen in the future.

T cell editing is more straightforward - there have been multiple clinical trials where T cells have been successfully engineered to treat cancer. However, in Norway, there are not so many corrected T cell editing pipelines and so they need to be established for us to progress with this.

How do you work with clinicians in Oslo?

Our group is now part of the GMP infrastructure development at Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital. The work is led by NCMM Associate Investigators Johanna Olweus and Karl-Johan Malmberg. Our group’s responsibility here is to set up the CRISPR genome editing in T cells, as well as to conduct the relevant toxicity studies.

One of our main collaborators is Hans Cristian Erichsen, who is a pediatric immunologist at Oslo University Hospital. He has a cohort of STAT1 overactivation patients for whom he hopes he can use these T cell therapies. Patients with this rare mutation suffer from autoimmunity, where the body starts to attack its own healthy tissue. Most of these patients cannot undergo a bone marrow transplant, so we are now trying to set up our gene correction procedures for them. We have collected samples from them and together we are now designing correction strategies. Nail Fatkhutdinov, a postdoc in my group, is working hard on this. In addition, we work with Jochen Buchner who is a pediatric oncologist at Oslo University Hospital.

What do you hope for the future when it comes to your research?

My ultimate goal is to push our work out into the clinic, and have the right pipelines and procedures up and running in the Nordics. Through my research, I would like to help patients with these rare diseases. Either by completely curing them or by significantly improving their quality of life. I think there is much that could also be done on the diagnostics side; when these patients are very young and diagnosed early it’s easier to provide them with the right care. However, once they cross into adulthood it becomes a lot harder to treat them, particularly if it’s not clear that they are suffering from a genetic disorder and they just continue to be very ill.

Are there many others working in this field in Norway?

In diagnostics, Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen has worked hard to establish newborn screening and next-generation sequencing diagnostics for these diseases. In CRISPR editing, my group is quite pioneering. We have been lucky to be awarded large grants, which have helped us to move things forward and, despite our different research interests, we have been able to partner with other researchers locally. For example, Johanna Olweus is developing modified T cell receptors for cancer, which also involves setting up pipelines to expand and modify these cells in Norway. Even though we use CRISPR in our group, we can still use several of the same pipelines that she does.

In addition, Karl-Johan Malmberg works on developing NK (natural killer) cell therapies for cancer. Despite his focus on cancer, many of the processes that he and my group use are the same and so we’re also able to collaborate here. In addition, we are part of a Centre of Excellence application for Cancer Immunotherapy (PRIMA, see ) which would involve working with seven other PIs. The application has reached the second stage and we’re positive that this will progress further. Outside of Norway, we collaborate with Rasmus Bak at Aarhus University. He is also trying to set up similar processes in the clinic in Denmark, so I also have some moral support here.

Can you tell me what each of your group is focusing on now?

The group has grown nicely during the 2,5 years that I have worked at NCMM. Just to highlight some stand-out points from us; Ganna (Reint) and Zhuokun (Li) have worked very hard in identifying the CRISPR Cas9 polymerase fusion and we are working on patenting this. The project has resulted in a pre-print that is now up on BioRxiv (the preprint server) which is currently in review: “Rapid genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9-POLD3 fusion”

Katariina (Mamia) has also done tremendous work in setting up the T cell editing protocols. Pavel (Kopčil) has also now successfully edited blood stem cells, including our first human blood stem cell transplant in a mouse model. In all these projects, we have trained or are training ~8 Erasmus or MSc students. Finally, Monika (Szymańska) has been a fantastic lab manager and a resource to both our group and NCMM. The group is in a great place now and, particularly after our funding successes, we’re looking forward to continuing to progress with our projects.

Visit the Haapaniemi lab pages at:


Taxonomic significance of vertebral column and caudal skeleton of clupeid fishes (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) of Iran

Leyli Purrafee Dizaj, Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Laith Jawad, Mehregan Ebrahimi, Ali Gholamhosseini, Tooraj Valinasab

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Clupeiformes (generally known as herrings, shads and sardines) with a synapomorphy of recessus lateralis are globally distributed marine, freshwater and diadromous species classified in seven families including the family Clupeidae. In this study, a comparative analysis of the vertebral column and caudal skeleton of twelve clupeid species was conducted on the basis of X-ray imaging and usual staining method of bones and cartilages. Several osteological features including number of principal branched caudal rays bearing with hypurals on both lobes of the caudal-fin; number, length, arrangement and shape of epural bones; shape and length of haemal and neural spines of the penultimate vertebrae 2, 3 and 4; length and shape of parhypural; length and shape of neural arch of the urostyle; distribution of the dorsal and procurrent rays, and fusion of parhypural with preural centrum 1 (PU1) were investigated and a detailed account of these structures were provided. The results reveal that the neural spine of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th penultimate vertebrae (NSPU2, NSPU3 and NSPU4) was generally narrow and broad in lower and pointed at upper part with some variation in the size and position related to the dorsal edge of the body in different taxa. The neural arch of the urostyle (Na) has been observed as spindle, lance-like or knife-like. It is usually long (≥1/2 length of the NSPU2) with some modification in the studied species. Two or three curved, straight, cone-shape or pin-shaped epurals were found in all species with the same number in congeneric species. Opisthural cartilage (O) lays between HYP6 and PLS anteriorly, located at the tip of PLS or traversed horizontally. The presence of this cartilage made a gap between first (longest) and second unbranched caudal rays in upper part of caudal-fin. It showed six varied shapes (e.g. fusiform, golf club-like, horn shape, trapezoid shape, crescent and triangle) with different size in comparison with HYP6. This comparative study revealed that some osteological characters such as shape and position of opisthural cartilage, shape of neural arch of the urostyle, and number of epurals could be used as suitable features for the identification of the studied clupeids at the species and genus levels. The improved knowledge of the skeletal structures provided here, can also facilitate the correct identification of clupeid fossils.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)206-219
Number of pages14
JournalActa Zoologica
Issue number2
Early online date7 Dec 2020
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2022
Externally publishedYes

  • caudal-fin skeleton
  • Clupeidae
  • osteological characters
  • phylogeny
  • systematics

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‘Blah, Blah, Blah, Genitals’ is capturing gender fluidity among boys

Being ‘gender fluid’ and tackling the binary, whether that’s toxic masculinity or what’s expected of your gender, have only recently entered the conversation among the masses. Toxic masculinity has become a popular debate, from what it means, to the effects it has on society and men themselves. It’s also what inspired the photography series Blah, Blah, Blah, Genitals, a social experiment exploring the formation of gender identity in boys.

While couch surfing through Barcelona, creative duo Julia Falkner and Lorena Hydeman wanted to ask the question, how do boys see manhood? With all these debates around what it means to be a man today, has toxic masculinity become a thing of the past?

We sometimes have a rose-tinted lens towards the future. As generations progress, there’s this idea that those that come after us will be more open-minded. McCrindle’s consultancy predicts that there are 2.5 million more Generation Alphas being born every week. These are the children of millennials and born around the year 2010. Generation Z is those born around the 2000s. These generations are expected to be the longest living generations as well as the wealthiest.

In order to respond to this, through family and friends, and with the permission of their parents, Falkner the photographer and Hydeman interviewed and photographed 17 boys aged between 6-16 on what masculinity meant to them.

Dressing up in what is usually deemed to be feminine clothing and playing with makeup, Falker noticed that though the boys enjoyed experimenting with this treasure chest of options, they were also aware that they couldn’t wear this to school in case they were made fun of. “All the boys were really intelligent and shooting with children is always a raw and honest experience but the one thing I did notice was how open the boys depended on which parent/guardian was in the room”.

Many of the boys had one thing in common: their fathers were not present in their lives and those that were raised in single-parent households were more receptive to feminity. “When I asked Rio, who was playing basketball and was already wearing basketball shorts, what he wanted to wear, he went into his mother’s wardrobe and picked out her wedding corset,” says Hydeman. “What was endearing was when he was trying it on, he was saying how he felt so bad that his mother had to wear this on her wedding day and he was just so empathetic towards her”.

When speaking to Screen Shot about how the experiment reflected different minorities’ relationship to gender fluidity, Hydeman said that what became clear was the impact of what fathers thought on the children’s choice of clothes and makeup. “One thing that stands out to me is this conversation I was having with Taye and Tyrell’s mum and how their dad didn’t want them to be a part of it. Coming from a Jamaican background, there’s this alpha male machoness that was prided on. Almost as if how tough your boys are mirrors how much you’ve left an impression on them”.

During the process of the experiment, the creative duo themselves said they had to check their own stereotypes; who they thought would be the least receptive participants to the experiment, often turned out to be the most engaged. For example, boys in their teens were just as open-minded as six-year-olds. “Most of the boys became more feminine than I thought they would,” says Hydeman. “I misjudged them and thought that the sporty boys wouldn’t want to wear heeled boots but that was the complete opposite.”

When exploring how masculinity and toxic masculinity has shaped these boys’ lives, what was apparent was how toxic masculinity in Generation Z and Alphas would perhaps look different from what it does today. Throughout the experiment, what was clear was how the boys, especially the younger boys, were open to the idea of wearing a dress. “They realised it’s just a silhouette at the end of the day,” Falker and Hydeman both say.

While talking to the boys about what it meant to them to be a man or a woman, both Falker and Hydeman reported how respectful and appreciative these young boys were of the women in their lives—something that might have been shaped through discourse around women’s rights. “Maybe toxic masculinity had to become so bad that the next generation would want it to be different,” says Hydeman. Maybe this is a sign of better things to come. A sense of hope and openness via the younger generations ahead.

Blah Blah Genitals went on to be exhibited at the Photo Vogue Festival 2018 in Milan as part of the group exhibition, Embracing Diversity, and as a solo exhibition at Galleria Lattuada.


Phase I and II Environmental Site Assessments

Environmental Site Assessments are often conducted on behalf of banks, real estate companies, finance companies, insurance companies, and public institutions and agencies. Obviously, institutions with financial responsibility, such as banks, lenders, financiers, etc. want to ensure they do not buy a property that could become listed on a state superfund list, or simply require costly remediation in the future. Landowners such as private companies and public institutions want to ensure that any property they acquire is either free of contamination or that the cost to remediate the contamination can be factored into the selling price.

Environmental consultants provide a full range of environmental consulting and environmental services to assist your company with state and federal requirements for your facility. Knowledgeable staff will develop a plan of action to comply with local, state, and federal regulations for environmental areas specific to your company’s operations and associated waste streams.


You asked: Do solar panels generate voltage or current?

How Do Solar Panels Generate Electricity? PV solar panels generate direct current (DC) electricity. With DC electricity, electrons flow in one direction around a circuit.

What voltage comes out of a solar panel?

The rated terminal voltage of a 12 Volt solar panel is usually around 17.0 Volts, but through the use of a regulator, this voltage is reduced to around 13 to 15 Volts as required for battery charging. Solar panel output is affected by the cell operating temperature.

Are solar panels current electricity?

Solar power converts energy from the Sun into electrical energy. … These can be used to create an electric current when they’re exposed to light. This is called the photovoltaic effect.

Do solar panels have voltage?

A solar panel has a number of solar cells in series to make up the total voltage. These cells output around 0.5 volts each and frequently 60 cells are connected in series making an output of around 30 volts.

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Does a solar panel produce AC or DC current?

Solar panels produce direct current: the sun shining on the panels stimulates the flow of electrons, creating current. Because these electrons flow in the same direction, the current is direct. An inverter in a home, converting DC to AC.

Do solar panels produce constant voltage?

Solar panels, unless heavily shaded have a remarkably high and consistent voltage output even as the intensity of the sun changes. … The Voltage output range remains nearly constant, however with the Maximum Power Point (MPP) voltage at 33V, and the maximum open circuit voltage only dropping from 43V to 38V.

How many volts does a 100W solar panel produce?

Table – Voltages and Currents for 8 popular 100 watt solar panels

100 Watt Solar Panel Manufacturer Open Circuit Voltage (Ocv) Maximum Power Voltage (Mpv)
Renogy 100W 22.5 volts 18.5 volts
HQST 100W 21.3 18
RICH SOLAR 100 W 22.6 18.5
WindyNation 100 W 21.6 17.4

How do solar panels generate electricity?

When the sun shines onto a solar panel, energy from the sunlight is absorbed by the PV cells in the panel. This energy creates electrical charges that move in response to an internal electrical field in the cell, causing electricity to flow.

How do we generate electricity from solar energy?

Solar radiation may be converted directly into electricity by solar cells (photovoltaic cells). In such cells, a small electric voltage is generated when light strikes the junction between a metal and a semiconductor (such as silicon) or the junction between two different semiconductors. (See photovoltaic effect.)

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What converts solar energy into electricity?

Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity

Are all solar panels 12 volt?

Most solar chargers are designed for 12 VDC, but we do have limited availability on a 24-volt panel. Typically, when 24 volts or greater is needed, solar panels may be wired in series, or we can special order solar panels that are made to deliver more DC Volts such as 24V, 36V, 48V etc.

Are all solar panels 12V?

Any voltages above 12 volt and below 24 volt for a panel that is in full sun is a 12V panel. Voltages above 24 are 24 volt panels. Alternatively, you can tell this by physically seeing the panels. 12 volt panels usually contain 36 individual solar cells (each cell at 0.5v comes at around 18 volt for the panel).

Can a 24V solar panel charge a 12V battery?

Yes, you could do it. The voltage isn’t too much of a concern, it is the current the panel can provide. What is commonly known as a 12V panel is usually a 36-cell module with an open-circuit voltage of 22V, making maximum power at 18V.

How do solar panels convert to AC?

When the sun shines on your solar photovoltaic (PV) system, electrons within the solar cells start to move around, which produces direct current (DC) energy. … When your solar panels collect sunlight and turn it into energy, it gets sent to the inverter, which takes the DC energy and turns it into AC energy.

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What is the disadvantage of solar panel?

High initial costs for material and installation and long ROI (however, with the reduction in the cost of solar over the last 10 years, solar is becoming more cost feasible every day) Needs lots of space as efficiency is not 100% yet. No solar power at night so there is a need for a large battery bank.

Do solar panels produce AC power?

-Power is inverted from DC to AC at the ground level, typically requiring only one inverter per residential solar installation. -Most applicable when the solar panels have unobstructed sunlight and are positioned at the same pitch/tilt.


Do liquids conduct electricity explain?

Do liquids also conduct electricity? Solution: Liquid conduct electricity because they have free ions as in acids, bases and salts being dissolved in water.

Do liquids conduct electricity give examples?

The liquid that conduct electricity are solutions of acid bases and salts in water. For example: Solution of sulphuric acid ,hydrochloric acid in water conduct electricity. Vinegar contains acetic acid and lemon juice contain citric acid also conduct electricity. … Copper sulphate ,common salt also conduct electricity.

Can liquids conduct electricity if yes how?

Explain that some liquids can conduct electricity like metal wires because they have tiny particles called ions that carry the electricity through the liquid. Some solids when added to liquids can form these ions and the solution will conduct electricity.

Do all liquids conduct electricity true or false?

all liquids do not conduct electricity because they have many other elements which do not conduct electicity and some of them conduct electicity.

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Can liquid be conductors?

There are some liquids, which are good conductors of electricity and some are poor conductors. Pure distilled water is a bad conductor whereas salt water is a good conductor of electricity. Rain water, which contains little amounts of acids in it, is a fairly good conductor. Liquids like honey, vinegar, etc.

Is water conductor of electricity?

Does milk conduct electricity?

Milk is a good conductor of electricity because it contains water and lactic acids and other salts.

Do liquids and gases conduct electricity?

Liquids can conduct electricity if they are ionic (liquid mercury is metal and hence the conduction is by the same mechanism as for metals). Salt solutions, molten salts etc, conduct electricity. Gases are insulators and don’t conduct electricity unless the ionisation potential is exceeded.

Why do you think some liquids conduct electricity while some Cannot?

Answers. Because the liquids which dissociates into iones when electricity pass through them can conduct the electricity whereas some liquids don’t dissociates into Ione and are not able to conduct electricity.

What is the best conductor of electricity?

The best conductor of electricity is pure silver, but to no surprise, it is not one of the most commonly used metals to conduct electricity. The wide use of pure silver has a couple of drawbacks.

Which of the following Cannot conduct electricity?

Copper, Salt water, Cotton, Human body.

Which of the following liquid does not conduct electricity?

Lemon juice, Milk, Vinegar, common salt solution, Sulphuric acid solution, Seawater, and Rainwater conduct electricity. Sugar solution, distilled water and honey do not conduct electricity.

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Does pure water conduct electricity if not what can we do to make it conducting?

Why is water a bad conductor of electricity?

Consequently, no charge flows through water, so pure water does not conduct electricity. In distilled water, there are no impurities and thus no ions. There are only neutral molecules, and these neutral molecules lack a charge. For this reason, distilled water is also unable to conduct electricity.

Why is water a poor conductor of electricity?