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NSAA Guides

NSAA Physics: Your Guide to Physics and Advanced Physics in the NSAA

Written by: Matt Amalfitano-Stroud

Physics is one of the three sciences you’ll have to pick from when sitting the NSAA. Depending on your confidence with the subject, you can take on questions centred on physics and advanced physics, but what topics will these questions cover? Today, we’re going to look at the NSAA specification to see what you need to revise for Parts B and X of the NSAA, aka, the physics sections.

This should hopefully be obvious to you by now, but we’ll quickly revise our knowledge of the NSAA to confirm everything we know so far.

Exams.ninja over questions

Please note that the NSAA will be sat on October 19th in 2022.

This date is different from previous years of the NSAA, which was traditionally sat in early November.

Please be aware of this change and plan your preparation accordingly. If you’re looking for a preparation platform that fast-tracks your revision, check out NSAA Ninja today!

What is the NSAA?

Most courses at the University of Cambridge require you to complete an admissions test, and the Natural Sciences Admissions Assessment (NSAA) is the test you’ll need to complete for Natural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine.

The NSAA is a two-section, multiple-choice examination that covers the three core sciences, Physics, Chemistry and Biology, alongside Mathematics. Throughout the two sections, you will need to complete three lots of 20 questions (60 questions in total), within the time limit of 60 minutes per section, giving you two hours. This chart explains how the exam is laid out:

NSAA Format Chart

Within Section 1 of the paper, there will be 4 parts of 20 questions available, Parts A-D. Part A is the Mathematics part, while B-D house questions for the three sciencesYou will only answer 2 parts here, Part A and any one of the sciences. Section 2 is similar but without the Mathematics part. The parts available are labelled X-Z.

How is the NSAA Scored?

Like many other Cambridge admissions tests, the NSAA is scored on a scale of 1.0 – 9.0. Each part is ranked separately on this scale, with the three scores then being combined into your final score. There’s more to NSAA Scoring than just this, but it’s important to understand the basics when preparing.

The conversions between raw marks and final scores are different between each part. Take a look at the conversions in the charts below:

NSAA Section 1 Score Conversion 2021

NSAA Section 2 Score Conversion 2021

You don’t necessarily pass or fail the NSAA, there isn’t a benchmark score that you need to hit to guarantee a spot at interviews. The admissions team will use your grade alongside your personal statement to make a judgement on whether you could be a good fit for the course.

If you want to take a deeper dive into the NSAA as a whole, you can find everything you need to know in our NSAA Definitive Guide!

Build your NSAA skills with Exams.Ninja!

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In Section 1, Part B of the NSAA, you’ll be taking on standard-level physics questions based on a variety of topics that you should have covered during your education. Let’s take a look at everything you’re going to need to study for!

Exams Ninja Icon Atoms

Part B of the NSAA is the first of three options you can pick in Section 1 of the NSAA (after you’ve completed Part A of course). There will be 20 questions to answer based on all of the topics that you will find in the NSAA Specification. There are seven major topics to cover, so let’s take a brief look at them right now!

Before we get started, let’s remind ourselves of the essential SI prefixes, or Scientific Quantities and Units:

nano- 10–9

micro- 10–6

milli- 10–3

centi- 10–2

deci- 10–1

kilo- 103

mega- 106

giga- 109

This is a topic you’ll likely have been studying since primary school! Our understanding of electricity has developed so much in such a short period of time (relative to other sciences), so it’s only natural that there will be a lot of revision to do!

At this level, the key thing to understand is electrical circuits. Here are some of the things you’ll need to keep in mind before entering the exam:

You’ll need to understand the basic layout of a circuit diagram, such as the ones you’ll see below. This also extends to the different symbols to represent components of a circuit, such as cells, resistors, switches and more.

Make sure you can definitely tell the difference between series and parallel circuits, as pictured below. The difference essentially comes down to if a circuit has more than one loop within.

There are several definitions to remember, including:

  • Circuit – A flow of electricity
  • Cells – A single energy source powered by chemical reactions.
  • Current – A stream of charged particles travelling through a conductor.
  • Resistor – A component to generates electrical resistance within a circuit.
  • Voltage – The measure of difference of electrical energy between two parts of a circuit

There are also various other concepts that you’ll need to know, including direct currents, alternating currents, insulating materials and conductive materials.

There are also plenty of equations to memorise! Here are the key ones you’ll need for Part B, where Q = Charge, I = Current, V = Voltage, R = Resistance, P = Power and t = Time and E = Energy

I = Q/t

V = E/Q

Resistance: (V = IR) and (R = V/I)

P = E/t OR P = IV = I2R = V2/R

E = ItV

Also featured within the NSAA Specification is Electrostatics, or, Static Electricity. There’s not to much you’ll need to go through, just ensure that you understand how it relates to insulators and how its charges work, as well as the dangers surrounding it.

This one’s another primary school staple, although the NSAA goes far beyond putting N and S against each other to watch them attract!

It’s always best to start with the basics, such as the properties of standard magnets, including their poles and fields. You can get an idea of how a typical bar magnet’s fields look at different stages of attraction.

Diving into the more complex topics, you’ll need to revise the following:

Induced Magnetism

This is the process of giving magnetic properties to non-magnetic metals, such as steel alloys. It’s done by reorienting the particles of the material to line up the north and south ends of each within a magnetic field.

When you want to create a controllable magnetic field, then you’ll need to use electromagnetics. You’ll need to understand how this is achieved and factors that determine a magnet’s strength. Electromagnetic Induction is also covered in the specification, so you’ll need to brush up on how this works.

The Motor Effect

This essentially means that a wire carrying currents will produce a magnetic field. If the field interacts with another, a force will be created that pushes the wire towards a right angle. An equation you should memorise for this is F = BIL, where F = Force,  B = Flux Density, I = Current and L = Length of Wire. Also, you will need to know how this relates to DC Motors.

A transformer is a device that changes voltage and current, whilst keeping power the same. Thankfully, one equation will see you through the majority of questions regarding transformers.

N¹/N² = V¹/V²

N¹ is the number of turns on the primary coil and N² is the number of turns on the secondary coil, with the V values being their respective voltages.

Exams.Ninja Tip

One small piece of information that you will want to remember is that transformers only work with one kind of current, Alternating Currents (AC). They will not work with Direct Currents (DC). While unlikely, there’s always a chance that a question will try to catch you out with this information.

This is what comes to many people’s minds when they hear “Physics”. This topic is all about forces, energy, movement and the many ways of measuring and using them.

Let’s start with the basics of Scalars and Vectors:

Scalars – Quantities with a magnitude but no directions (e.g. time, speed, distance)

Vectors – Quantities with both a magnitude and direction (e.g. displacement, acceleration, velocity)

You’ll need to know how to apply the following equations to questions within the NSAA:

Speed = Distance/Time

Velocity = Change in Displacement/Time

Acceleration = Change in Velocity/Time

Average Speed = Total Distance/Total Time

v² – u² = 2as

That last one is known as the Equation of Motion, where u = initial velocity, v = final velocity, a = acceleration and s = displacement. You’re also going to need to understand how these equations are presented graphically, such as the example below of a Velocity Time Graph:

Forces and Extensions

Forces and Extensions is another major part of this topic. A force is, of course, defined as a push or pull on an object that causes a change in its velocity. Essentially, forces are responsible for changing the motion of objects with mass.

There are a bunch of different types of forces you’ll need to remember:

Weight – A force that acts due to gravity.

Normal Contact – The force of a stationary object exerted against a surface.

Drag – An aerodynamic force that opposes objects within the air.

Friction – A resistive force caused by two objects sliding against one another.

Magnetic – The forces generated by magnetic fields.

Thrust – A force acting perpendicular to a surface.

Lift – A force of raising or lowering.

Tension – A pulling force caused via a string or similar object.

With forces, you’ll also need to understand their extension. This is an object increasing in length, as opposed to compression, and goes hand in hand with the concept of elasticity (although inelastic extension is also possible once an object has reached its elastic limit, also known as inelastic deformation).

Here’s an example of a Force-Extension Graph:

Here’s a reminder of some of the Laws you will need to remember during your revision at this level:

Hooke's Law

Hooke’s law says that force is proportional to extension, based upon the idea of ‘String Constant’ which is the constant of proportionality. the relationship is summarised in this equation.

F = kx

F = Force applied to material/string (N)

x = Extension of material/spring (m)

k = Spring constant (Nm -1)

Newton's Laws

  1. A body will remain at rest or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by a resultant external force.
  2. Force applied is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum in an object.
  3. If body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts an equal and opposite force of the same type on body A. This is “Reaction Force”.

Let’s take a quick look at the definitions of mass and weight:

Mass – A measure of how much matter an object is made up of.

Weight – the force of gravity on an object.

Gravity is defined as the force that attracts objects towards the earth. We can easily express weight as w = mg.

A Resultant Force is required for an object to accelerate. It is defined as the difference in forces when a system of forces is acting on an object.

Momentum (p) is simply defined as mass in motion. It can be expressed as:

p = mv

You’ll need to be sure you revise the concepts of conservation of momentum and changes in momentum.

Lastly, for Mechanics, you need a good understanding of energy for the NSAA. Energy relates to everything we’ve spoken about so far as any form of force or movement requires and generates energy. Here are a few formulae that you’re going to need to know:

Work as Energy (E): E = Fd

Power (P): P = E/t

Kinetic Energy (KE): KE = 1/2mv²

Remember that energy cannot be created or destroyed, so we use the concept of energy transference to determine things such as potential energy and energy efficiency. You can use this equation when working out energy efficiency:

Efficiency = Useful Energy Out/Total Energy In x 100

However, bear in mind that there is no such thing as a 100% efficient energy transfer.

Thermal Physics

As the name implies, this sector of physics is all about heat. The basic rule of this topic that you need to know is that heat will always move from a hot area to a colder area. The bigger the difference is in temperatures, the quicker the transfer will be. Let’s look at the three methods of transfer:

Conduction is the transfer of heat or energy particles to a neighbouring object via vibrations. This needs to occur between two conductors typically, as an insulator will have the opposite effect on any energy or heat present.

This is the process of heating up higher energy particles in cooler areas and usually occurs within liquids and gas. These particles are transferred in what is called “Convection Currents”.

In relation to Thermal Physics, radiation is a method of heat transfer that is caused by the emission of infra-red electromagnetic waves. One rule to consider here is that all objects emit and absorb radiation.

Now let’s take a look at Heat Capacity, otherwise known as Thermal Capacity. Heat Capacity is defined as the number of heat units required to raise the temperature of an object by one degree. Heat Capacity is measured in joule per kelvin and can be calculated using the following equation:

 Specific Heat Capacity = thermal energy/(mass x temperature)

Matter is all about the structure of all objects in the universe determined by their atoms. As you should know at this stage, there are three stages of matter:

Solid: A body whose atoms are stuck in a rigid and consistent structure.

Liquid: A body whose atoms are free and have weaker forces of attraction to one another.

Gas: A body whose atoms are spaced out and completely unstructured.

All elements can transition between the three states, it’s simply about rearranging the atoms. Some objects are easier to change than others and will typically be caused by changes in temperature (e.g. melting a solid into a liquid via raised temperature, evaporating a liquid into a gas).

Ideal Gases

The Kinetic Theory of Gases is a simple model used to describe the behaviour of gases through the motion of tiny particles or atoms. This model can be used to describe an “Ideal Gas”, which is a hypothetical gas which has no form of interaction and occupies no space, essentially meaning it perfectly follows the laws of gas.

The equation for Ideal Gases is as follows:

PV = nRT

Here, P = Pressure in Pascals, V = Volume (m3), n = Number of Moles Gases, R = Ideal Gas Constant, T = Absolute Temperature

Lastly, let’s take a look at Density and Pressure.

Density is defined as the measure of how compact a substance is and is expressed via Density = Mass/Volume.

Pressure is expressed as P = F/A, meaning it is equal to the normal force divided by area.

Waves in physics are defined as propagating, dynamic disturbances of one of more quantities, sometimes taking place in a periodic fashion. These can cover a lot of different topics in reality, as waves are measured in many fields of science. Here’s a very simple diagram of a wave with all of its features labelled.

The key things to understand here are:

Amplitude – The height of the wave from its resting position to its peak.

Wavelength – The physical length of the wave, measured between two similar points at adjacent waves (e.g. peak to peak).

Frequency – This is defined as the number of complete waves per second and is measured in Hertz (Hz).

These are the key equations you will need for the NSAA:

Frequency = 1/Period

Wave Speed = frequency x wavelength OR Wave Speed = Distance/Time

We can characterise waves by their type, either Transverse or Longitudinal:

Transverse – Waves that travel in a direction perpendicular to the direction of oscillation.

Longitudinal – Waves whose particles oscillate parallel to the direction of the travel.

There are various wave behaviours you are going to need to understand, which you’ll find below:

Where a wave bounces off a surface. The angle that the wave hits is known as the angle of incidence, which will cause it to reflect at the angle of reflection.

This usually relates to light, but in waves, it relates to the angles and direction a wave will travel when it enters a different medium.

This relates to how waves can bend around corners in certain conditions. It is most likely to occur when a wavelength is similar to the size of the gap it’s passing through.

Some other important topics to cover include drawing ray diagrams in relation to optics, understanding the properties of sound waves (and their variations) and understanding the properties and uses of electromagnetic waves.

This is the last topic you’re going to need to prepare for in the Standard Physics of the NSAA. Let’s take a look at some of the key areas you’ll need to revise:

Atomic Structure

This is an area that has been highly debated throughout history, with a variety of models being produced over the years. There are a variety of things you’ll need to consider here, including Subatomic Particles (particles that make up atoms), and the Nuclear Model, specifically the Bohr model. The key take away from this model (which you’ll find below) is that protons and neutrons can be found in a dense, positively charged nucleus, while electrons are found in orbitals or energy levels around the nucleus.

Ionisation – The process in which an electron is given enough energy to break away from an atom, with the end result of two charged ions or particles.

Ionising Radiation

There are three forms of radiation. Let’s take a look at each one:

Alpha Particles

Alpha Particles are Helium nuclei (2 protons and 2 neutrons), which have the smallest range of the three radiation types but are the most ionising form of radiation. They can however be blocked by practically any surface.

Beta Particles

These are high-speed electrons with a mass of 0 and a charge of -1. They have a medium-range, medium ionising power and are harder to block, with aluminium being the most effective material.

Gamma Rays

Gamma Rays are photons with a mass and charge of 0. They have the longest range but are the least ionising and can be blocked by materials with a high atomic number, such as lead.

Be sure to remeber the different properties of each radiation type, as they will ocme into play within the NSAA questions.

Radioactive Decay

Let’s take a look at the equations of decay each form of decay:

Alpha DecaynzX =n – 4 z – 2 Y +4 2 α

Beta DecaynzX = n z + 1 Y + 0 -1 β

Gamma Decay – There isn’t really an equation for this, as the nucleus just changes from a high energy state to a low energy state, releasing the gamma photo in the process.

Half-Life is defined as the average time it takes for the number of nuclei in a radioactive sample to halve. Questions in the NSAA about this will likely ask you to work out the half-life of a radioactive sample. These should be presented in the form of an exponential decay graph.

In this example, a good place to start is at Time = 0. We can see that the counts per minute (a measure of radioactivity) is 80, so all we have to do is see how long it takes for that number to halve to find the half-life. We’re looking at the amount of time it takes for the curve to fall to 40 counts per minute, and the answer is 2 days. So the half-life is 2 days.

Be wary of the concept of Background Radiation while answering questions like this. Background Radiation is defined as the remaining uniform microwave radiation left behind from the creation of the universe.

That covers all the general concepts you can expect to find within Part B of the NSAA. However, that’s only half the story for NSAA Physics, as we now need to look at the Advanced Physics that you’ll find in NSAA Part X.

If you want to learn more about Section 1 as a whole and get some helpful revision tips, you should check out our guide to Section 1 of the NSAA.

Want to learn even more about NSAA Physics?

The NSAA Preparation Platform contains over 100 expertly written tutorials that teach you everything you need to know about NSAA mathematics and science, as well as plenty of super revision and exam tips!

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Now we’ve got the basics out of the way, it’s time to take a deeper dive into these topics and look at some news ones so you can get ready to prepare for Part X of the NSAA!

Just like Section 1, Section 2 will see you choosing one of three parts to answer 20 questions for. Since you’re reading this guide, you may well be thinking about choosing Part X, Advanced Physics.

One thing to bear in mind with Part X is that the Physics aren’t really “advanced” in the sense of tackling difficult topics. It’s more about how the questions are asked, as some of them can try to catch you out with unfamiliar scenarios or techniques.

Everything you’ve learnt about Standard Physics will be needed here, as it forms the foundation for everything covered in Part X. Let’s jump straight into it and find out what you need to know!

Forces and Equilibrium

This time, things start with Forces and Equilibrium. We discussed Vectors before, so let’s take a look at some additional concepts and “Methods” surrounding them:

Vector Notation

This relates to the variety of ways that vectors can be written and displayed. For example, they could be underlined lower case letters (a) or upper case letters with arrows on top. You can even make letter chains like “AB”. For the NSAA, the important thing is that you can recognise them within the question.

Exams.Ninja Tip

When doing practice questions, be sure to seek out examples of each of these kinds of notation so you can see how they’re used in the context of an actual problem

Resolving and Combining Vectors

These are two question types that you’re very likely to see in the NSAA. Either of these can be done via drawing or calculation (calculation is the more popular method of the two). This is definitely more mathematical than a lot of other topics in the NSAA, but its an important one so you need to get to grips with it!

When working with physics at this level, we tend to stay within linear mechanics, which essentially means we’re working within two dimensions. However, we use moments to measure rotational force, which is pretty much always more complicated than dealing with just two plains of movement. Moments can be expressed as so:

Moments = Force x (perpendicular) Distance (between pivot to the line of action of the force)

Thankfully, this isn’t something likely to come up in the NSAA but it’s something you’ll need to get to grips with going forwards.

Contact Forces

Contact Forces are the perpendicular forces that are present whenever two objects are in contact. There are two kinds of contact forces:

Normal Contact Forces

We briefly touched on this earlier, but a Normal Contact Force is the force that acts upon two stationary objects. If a block is sitting on a table, then there will be an upwards normal contact force pushing the block upwards to counteract the downwards force caused by the earth’s gravitational pull.

Frictional Contact Forces

This is the force that is present between two objects that are moving while in contact. This force prevents the objects from sliding away indefinitely, so it’s definitely important! Two terms you will need to know for this topic are “Smooth”, meaning a frictionless surface and “Rough”, meaning a surface with friction. In the NSAA, it will be assumed in most questions that any surfaces involved in questions will be smooth, so frictional contact forces won’t come into play.

Centre of Mass

The Centre of Mass, or Centre of Gravity, of an object, is the point at which the full mass of the body will be acting. Any object will have a centre of mass and it is especially useful to find this out for an object that is not a simple cube or sphere. This is because having one fixed point is much easier than trying to calculate a body’s entire mass.

You can find the Centre of Mass in various ways, be it by locating the pivot point, splitting complex shapes into regular ones or simply finding the middle of the shape (which only works for simple shapes).

We covered most of what you need to know about Kinematics already thankfully! However, you need to know and be able to solve SUVAT Equations, or the Equations of Motion. For these, we must understand that s = Displacement, u = Initial Velocity, v = Final Velocity, a = Acceleration and t = Time.

v = u + at

s = ut + 1/2(at)2

s =  ((u + v)/2)t

v2 = u2 + 2as

Remember the following points:

SUVAT equations only work in one-dimension.

Define which direction is positive before beginning the equation.

Use values from the question as much as possible when needing to do multiple equations.

Newton's Laws

We outlined Newton’s three laws earlier on, but there is one other piece of information relating to it that you’ll need to keep in mind, as it will likely come up in the NSAA.

“Drag force increases speed, which is known as terminal velocity. This relates to both air resistance and liquids.”

Exams.Ninja Tip

One type of question you may come across is explanation questions. These will typically ask you to review another person’s explanation of a scenario or concept and identify an error in their thinking.

To prepare for these, it’s recommended that you practice writing explanations yourself, even though you won’t be required to do so in the exam. Doing this will not only help you cement the knowledge in your mind but will also help you when making judgements about other people’s work. One way to practice doing this is to write your explanations as a step-by-step method, like a recipe or instruction list.

Another type of question that may come up in the NSAA is connected body questions. These will most likely be simple F = ma questions with multiple bodies, so the key to answering these is to answer methodically and go one step at a time.

Momentum is covered extensively in other topics, but there are a couple of bits you’ll need to know for Advanced Physics. Firstly, as a couple of basic pieces of knowledge:

You must know how momentum is defined (mass x velocity).

You must know how conservation of momentum works in 1-Dimensional situations.

You must know how to apply force = rate of change of momentum.

Beyond this, you should also be aware of elastic and inelastic collisions. An elastic collision is defined as a collision with no loss of kinetic energy, while inelastic collisions will change kinetic energy into another form.

Coalescence – Since most collisions do not have a perfect ‘bounce-back’ response, there will usually be some form of sticking between two bodies. This is known as Coalescence.

One last equation to be aware of is the equation for Impulse of Force:

Impulse = F∆t

Coming back to Waves, let’s take a quick look at a few more concepts:

This is the term used for two waves combining after pushing against each other at equal strength. This can take place as either ‘Constructive Interference’, as the combined wave will be bigger, or ‘Destructive Interference’, because the resulting wave is smaller. These resultant waves will sometimes be called Stationary (or standing) Waves.

A common example of this is a rope with each end creating nearly identical waves that meet and create stationary waves.

Part of the NSAA specification states that you will need to be able to identify Nodes and Antinodes.

These are essentially the points of no displacement (nodes) and maximum displacement (antinodes) within a stationary wave formation.

The distance between adjacent nodes or antinodes will always be equal to half of a wavelength.

Finally, let’s check out a few more things you’ll need to revise for electricity questions in the NSAA:

Ohm's Law

Ohm’s Law states that voltage across a conductor will be directly proportional to it’s current whenever conditions remain constant. You will need to know how to apply this for certain questions within the NSAA.

Kirchhoff's Laws

These laws state the following:

  1. Current is conserved into and out of junctions
  2. In any loop, the voltage gain must be lost

These laws will specifically be required for certain circuit problems in the exam.

Lastly, here are a few more equations that you will need to be able to apply:

Charge = current x time

Potential Difference = work done/charge

Resistivity = resistance x cross-sectional area/length

So, that concludes the required knowledge for physics in the NSAA. It’s a lot to get through, but you’re going to have to spend time revising every topic thoroughly in order to give yourself the best chance of a great score.

If you want to learn more about Section as a whole, you can check out our NSAA Section 2 Guide. Alternatively, if you’re looking for even more NSAA revision material, you can check out NSAA.Ninja, which contains over 100 in-depth tutorials, along with tonnes of practice questions and past papers!

With all knowledge now in mind, let’s try some NSAA practice questions to get a proper idea of how you will need to use this knowledge in the actual exam.

Exams Ninja Multiple-Choice Questions Icon

NSAA Physics Question 1

An elevator has a mass of 1,600 kg and is carrying passengers that have a combined mass of 200 kg. A constant frictional force of 4,000 N retards its motion upward. What force must the motor provide for the elevator to move with an upward acceleration of 1 ms-2?

Assume: g = 10 ms-2

A) 1,190 N

B) 11,900 N

C) 18,000 N

D) 22,000 N

E) 23,800 N

The correct answer is E.

Weight of elevator + people = mg = 10 x (1600 + 200) = 18,000 N

Applying Newton’s second law of motion on the car gives:

Thus, the resultant force is given by:

FM = Motor Force – [Frictional Force + Weight]

FM = M – 4,000 – 18,000

Use Newton’s second law to give: FM = M – 22,000 N = ma

Thus, M – 22,000 N = 1,800a

Since the lift must accelerate at 1ms-2: M = 1,800 kg x 1 ms-2 + 22,000 N

M = 23,800 N

NSAA Physics Question 2

A 20 A current passes through a circuit with resistance of 10 Ω. The circuit is connected to a transformer that contains a primary coil with 5 turns and a secondary coil with 10 turns. Calculate the potential difference exiting the transformer.

A) 100 V

B) 200 V

C) 400 V

D) 500 V

E) 2,000 V

F) 4,000 V

G) 5,000 V

The correct answer is C.

Using Ohm’s Law: The potential difference entering the transformer (V1) = 10 x 20 = 200 V.

Now use N1/N2 = V1/V2 to give 5/10 = 20/V2.

Thus, V= 2,000/5 = 400 V

NSAA Physics Question 3

The half-life of Carbon-14 is 5,730 years. A bone is found that contains 6.25% of the amount of C14 that would be found in a modern one. How old is the bone?

A) 11,460 years

B) 17,190 years

C) 22,920 years

D) 28,650 years

E) 34,380 years

F) 40,110 years

The correct answer is C.

The percentage of C14 in the bone halves every 5,730 years. Since it has decreased from 100% to 6.25%, it has undergone 4 half-lives. Thus, the bone is 4 x 5,730 years old = 22,920 years

NSAA Physics Question 4

Which of the following statements are correct?

  1. Electromagnetic induction occurs when a wire moves relative to a magnet.
  2. Electromagnetic induction occurs when a magnetic field changes.
  3. An electrical current is generated when a coil rotates in a magnetic field.

A) Only 1

B) Only 2

C) Only 3

D) 1 and 2

E) 2 and 3

F) 1 and 3

G) 1, 2 and 3

The correct answer is G.

Electromagnetic induction is defined by statements 1 and 2. An electrical current is generated when a coil moves in a magnetic field.

NSAA Advanced Physics Question 1

A uniform rod of length 1 m is balanced on 3 supports so that it is in equilibrium. The position of the first support is at x1 = 0.1 m, where x is the distance along the rod. The second support is at x2 = 0.6 m and applies a force, F2, of 4 N to the rod. The third support is at x3 = 0.8 m and applies a force, F3, of 6 N to the rod.

What is the force applied by the first support, F1?

A) 4.5 N

B) 5.0 N

C) 5.3 N

D) 5.5 N

E) 6.7 N

F) 7.3 N

G) 10.5 N

H) 11.0 N

The correct answer is D.

The mass of the rod is unknown so take moments about the centre of mass at xc = 0.5 m.

F1 (xcx1) = F2 (x2 – xc) + F3 (x3 – xc)

F1 (0.5 – 0.1) = 4 (0.6 – 0.5) + 6 (0.8 – 0.5)

0.4F1 = 0.4 + 1.8 = 2.2

∴  F1 = 22/4 = 5.5 N

NSAA Advanced Physics Question 2

A spring is used to lift 20 cm3 of loosely packed sand in a small bucket. The spring constant, k, is 4 Nm-1 and the sand causes the spring to extend by 10 cm. What is the density of the sand at this packing fraction? (Take g = 10 Nkg-1).

A) 3,200 kgm-3

B) 32,000 kgm-3

C) 1,000 kgm-3

D) 2,000 kgm-3

E) 20,000 kgm-3

F) 2,500 kgm-3

G) 4,500 kgm-3

H) 800 kgm-3

The correct answer is D.

Work out mass of sand by using Hooke’s law for a spring to obtain the weight. Then find density.

Weight = Force on spring

m = kx/g = (4 x 0.1)/10 = 0.004 kg

V = 20cm³ = 20 x 10-6m³

Density, ρ m/= 0.04/(20 x 10-6 2000kgm-3

NSAA Advanced Physics Question 3

A wave approaches the boundary between two mediums at an angle of 30° to the normal. Upon entering the second medium it is refracted such that it now travels at 45° to the normal. The wave travels at 5 ms-1 in the first medium.

What velocity does the wave travel at in the second medium?

A) 8/√3 ms-1

B) 8√3 ms-1

C) 8/√2 ms-1

D) 10√3 ms-1

E) 5/2 ms-1

F) 10√2 ms-1

G) 5/√2 ms-1

H) 5√2 ms-1

The correct answer is H.

n = v1/v2 = sinθ1/sinθ2

n = sin30/sin45

Remember: sin30 = 1/2, sin45 = 1/√2

∴ n = 1/2 ÷ 1/√2 = √2/2

v2 = v1/= 5 ÷ √2/2 = 10/√2

v2 = 5√2 ms-1

NSAA Advanced Physics Question 4

A hydroelectric dam stores energy by pumping water from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir using an electric pump (supplied with 100V and  10A). This power can then be harnessed again by allowing the water to fall down to the lower reservoir, driving a turbine, generating electricity. It takes 100S for the pump to lift 1000kg of water to a height of 75m above the reservoir. This mass of water is then used to drive a turbine, which converts the gravitational potential energy of the water into electrical energy with a 33.3% efficiency. What percentage of energy is lost in the act of storing energy using this hydroelectric dam?

A) 0%

B) 25%

C) 33.3%

D) 50%

E) 66.7%

F) 75%

G) 80%

The correct answer is F.

This question is very wordy, but the crucial step is noticing that the electrical energy into the pump (given by the equation E = Vlt) is 1MJ but the gravitational potential energy of the water (given by the equation E = mgh) is 0.75MJ. You therefore multiply the efficiencies of the two processes for an overall efficiency of 75% x 33.3% = 25%, so 75% of the energy is lost.

This has been an incredibly lengthy look into the required physics knowledge that you’ll be expected to know when you sit the NSAA. However, this is only scratching the surface of your preparation. You know the required concepts but now it’s time to fully begin your revision! If you’re looking for a completely in-depth collection of tutorials that cover every aspect of the exam (over 100 in fact), then NSAA.Ninja is exactly what you’re looking for! You can even try it out for free and get a head start on your preparation, so sign up today to boost your NSAA score!

Not sure which subject you’ll take on? You can revise all of them with NSAA.Ninja!

NSAA.Ninja contains everything you’ll need to revise for every part of the NSAA. All of this can be found within our three amazing components!

Training Temple- exclusive tips, amazing revision notes and over 100 expert tutorials to guide you every through everything you’ll need to revise.

Practice Dojo- take on over 1,200 practice questions that cover every part of the assessment. Each one provides fully worked solutions to leave no questions unanswered!

Exam Arena- Attempt our collection of NSAA Past Papers in a simulated exam scenario. You’ll get an accurate score and as many attempts as you need to succeed!

Start your NSAA preparation today and become an NSAA Master!


I’ve listened to MIYAVI’s Ha Na Bi ((Available on Samurai Sessions Vol. 1)) (featuring Hiromitsu Agatsuma and Jin Oki, which makes this is a rad song of three japanese guitarists ((Ah, Japan.. A country with lots of awesomeness)) with different styles ((Hiromitsu plays Tsugaru-jamisen but it looks like guitar so let’s simplify that a bit)) ) since last year but never really dig its lyrics before. Some nights ago, I stumbled upon this YouTube video:

Now I just realized how beautiful MIYAVI’s Ha Na Bi lyrics is. A perfect metaphor of its title.

Like, Ha Na Bi.


<iframe src="!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d63753.847916506!2d101.66142533915992!3d2.926361054342903!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x31cdb625448e0b23%3A0x85165e8fa981af6c!2sPutrajaya%2C+Malaysia!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1531393946616" width="800" height="600" frameborder="0" style="border:0" allowfullscreen></iframe>


About the Feature Requests category

Let us know about your ideas to improve the Trap.NZ website and apps. We can’t guarantee every request will make it on our roadmap, but the more votes and attention a topic gets the more likely is that it will get implemented.

Re creating a new trap record. Under catch
1st question, species caught
2nd question: gender - answer F or M
in animal biology we talk about the sex of the animal - gender is nonsensical>
Could we change that to the sex of the animals please.

regards Hetty Vink

Hello - is it possible to have a measure function on the computer version (similar to Google earth measure) - so that we can measure approximate distances between points.
Not sure if this function is currently available - I can’t seem to find it anywhere.


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how to be more productive with time blocking

The Power of Time Blocking and How It Revolutionizes Productivity

/ June 1, 2022

Maximizing your productivity can be one of the most challenging goals you set for yourself in the digital age we live in. Staying on task and managing your time can be a lifelong struggle. Smartphones, household chores, or children are just a few of the many distractions you may face on a daily basis. Even if you are excellent at ignoring distractions and staying on task, there are an infinite number of benefits in applying time blocking to your life.

The importance of time management is not limited to this practice, however. There are many productivity tools at our disposal to maximize efficiency that can allow us more free time in the long run. Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, estimates that using time blocking can produce as much work in a 40-hour workweek as you could in an unstructured 60-hour workweek. That’s a pretty big advantage! Imagine everything you could accomplish and the amount of free time you’d gain back if you utilized time blocking!

What Exactly Is Time Blocking?

Time blocking, also called calendar blocking, is a method of time management that allows you to divide your day into different blocks of time and focus on a specific task for the set amount of time you have given yourself. If you have ever felt overwhelmed by approaching deadlines or felt scatterbrained, this method may come as an enormous help.

Time blocking gives you detailed structure on which tasks to approach in your day and how much time to allocate to them. Instead of trying to tackle the day with a simple to-do list, you can intentionally carve out time on your calendar for specific tasks so you can accomplish them all in a timely fashion.

Even if you don’t consider yourself to be an organized person, time blocking can work wonders for you, and plus — it’s so simple!

Variations of Time Blocking

This process involves more than just making a schedule for your day. First of all, time blocking requires discipline. It is impossible to reap the benefits of this method without committing to a weekly review. At the start of each week, you need to set aside time for planning. Take a look at your workload for the week and any events that you may need to work around and prioritize things based on how much time you will need to complete each task. It is also essential to review any unfinished tasks at the end of the day and adjust your schedule for the next day accordingly.

Task Batching

One way to maximize efficiency with time blocking is to perform task batching. This term refers to the process of organizing your time block schedule with activities that are adjacent to one another as opposed to jumping back and forth from one task to the next. This way, you can accomplish a whole “batch” of tasks that may correspond to one another in succession. For example, if you have emails piling up in your inbox and also edits to make on a paper, you could task batch those two things together and get them done in one go.

Are you an entrepreneur, content creator, or in a job that involves several different types of tasks? If so, day-theming may be more beneficial for you!

You can think of day-theming as a more in-depth version of task batching in that you plan a “theme” for each day of the week, assigning what type of work you must accomplish. For instance, you may theme your week starting with a day for planning, second day for client communications, third day for creative work, fourth day for technical tasks, and fifth day for review.  Day-theming will allow you to assign themes to the rest of your workweek and accomplish the tasks you need to do without getting distracted by any competing responsibilities.

Time Boxing

The difference between time blocking and time boxing is essentially the deadline you give yourself for a task. You set aside a period to work on a specific task with time blocking; however, with time boxing, you decide that you will finish the task by the end of the time block. This deadline can push you to work more efficiently if you struggle with losing momentum while you work. For example, instead of saying “I will work on the project from 9:00-11:00,” it becomes “I will finish the project from 9:00-11:00.”

Are There Any Apps Available for Time Management?

YES! There are so many applications that can help you with time management, time blocking, and productivity.

Among many time management apps available for download on your devices is one of the oldest: Todoist. Developed in 2007, Todoist has grown into one of the most comprehensive tools out there to help manage your time and increase productivity. Not only does it integrate seamlessly with other popular apps you may use for work (Gmail, Slack), it also offers time blocking templates for you to use. This can save tons of time as you won’t have to make a spreadsheet to implement time blocking into your life from scratch.

Another excellent option for a time management app is TogglTrack. Perhaps a more approachable option to its competition, TogglTrack is essentially a time-tracking tool. Still, with the ability to integrate it into so many apps people already use for work, it can be a great tool to have at your disposal when creating a time block schedule for your week.

Google Calendar

Widely accessible and easy-to-use, Google Calendar allows its users to utilize time blocking and task batching as much as they want. It’s loaded with tools to help you plan your workday how you want to, and best of all — it’s free!

Join In 200 Million+ On The Journey to Greatness

Why Is Time Management So Important?

If the prospect of being more efficient at your job doesn’t spark an interest in you, perhaps the idea of having more time away from your work, more time with family, or more time pursuing hobbies will!

And if that doesn’t motivate you, these aren’t the only positive outcomes. Research shows that incorporating time management into your life can greatly reduce stress too!

Another positive result of practicing time management is it causes you to spend time intentionally and create lasting habits. Your productivity can suffer for many reasons, but managing your time wisely and practicing time blocking is a concrete way to establish a structure for your work life. In a recent study, data showed that making concrete plans for something as simple as getting a flu shot, including scheduling a date, time, and place for yourself, greatly increases your chances of following through with said plans. In other words, if you put it on the calendar, you’re much more likely to do it.

Research shows that incorporating time management into your life can greatly reduce stress.

It is all too easy to fall into the trap of assigning tasks to your never-ending to-do list. We are all guilty of thinking, “I have so much to do — I will get to this task when I get to it,” when we become overwhelmed. Can you guess what often happens when we do this?

You guessed it — the task never gets done. Practicing time management is more than just optimizing your productivity; it is reevaluating how you approach your work. Increased free time away from work will allow you to invest time into yourself or your loved ones, ultimately leading to a greatly improved quality of life.

How Else Can I Improve My Productivity?

Though one of the most efficient methods, time blocking is not the only way to maximize your productivity and strive toward greatness. There are many other habits worth developing to help you manage your time wisely and meet your goals.

Take Breaks

This may seem like an obvious point to make, but you’d be surprised how many people neglect it (are you one of those people?). How can you expect to achieve anything if you are working nonstop? Even though our culture is very work-centered, it is vital to allow yourself a break and decompress. Whether you go for a walk or meditate, make sure you are scheduling breaks for yourself so you can recharge appropriately.

Focus on Yourself in the Mornings

Though you may be eager to check your email first thing in the morning to assess your day, try to refrain from getting started on your work until you have had breakfast, worked out, or engaged in whatever morning routine works best for you. This allows your brain to wake up properly and start the workday off well.
The important thing is that you avoid burnout by focusing on yourself first thing in the morning and catering to your own mental health above all else!

Avoid Multitasking

If possible, reduce any multitasking you do, as switching between tasks can cause you to lose focus. Luckily, implementing time blocking can keep you from switching tasks too many times throughout your workday.

What Should You Avoid in Time Management?

While the concept of time management is relatively simple, you can make several common mistakes when beginning your journey to better productivity. Avoiding these classic mistakes will keep you on track to maximizing your productive potential!

Underestimating Your Time

Before you gain your bearings with time tracking, it can be easy to underestimate how much time you will need to spend on a given task. This is why it is important to overestimate the time you allow yourself for tasks at the beginning of this process.

You can even pad your schedule with small breaks between tasks to keep you oriented and transition smoother to your next task. Better to schedule too much time for yourself than too little and stress yourself out further!

Overscheduling Free Time

Don’t see this as a contradiction — rest assured, it is still important to make time in your schedule for leisure! However, avoid scheduling free time down to the specific activity you plan to do. Planning your leisure activities in the same way you would for work tasks results in the opposite effect you wish to achieve with free time. For example, when time blocking, just label your leisure block with “free time” and allow yourself to spend that time in whatever way you see fit.

Are You Ready to Revolutionize Your Productivity with Time Blocking?

Of course you are! This process can be daunting at first, though — especially if you struggle with applying structure to your work life. It’s okay to stumble as you embark on this journey; the important thing is that you are striving for improvement in your life, and soon enough, you’ll start to see change!

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Where to Find Wax Paper in a Grocery Store

It’s a food-safe tissue paper that has been coated with layers of paraffin wax. It comes in a roll for chores like wrapping up cheese to store in a refrigerator.

Aside that, Wax paper can be used for many things, including decorating a cake, storing food, dough rolling, and much more.  Although wax paper is also not heat resistant, it can be affected by a low heat level.

If you are looking for where to find wax paper in a grocery store, this article will answer that question.

Without further ado, Let’s answer the big question.

Which Grocery Store Aisle can you find Wax Paper?

Wax paper can be found in the baking aisle. You can also find them in the section where plastic wraps and foil papers are located. Grocery stores have different ways of arranging their aisles, but these are the most common aisles where you can find wax paper.

Wax papers are not difficult to find, and they are available in different sizes. Most of all, they come rolled. They are available in any grocery store you work into near you. You can also check the grocery stores listed below for wax paper.

Grocery Stores that sell Wax Paper

Here are some top grocery stores that sell garbage bags:

Amazon is the biggest online shopping platform globally, and you will find wax paper in stock. They are available in different forms. You can order wax paper on amazon and have them delivered to your door.

Walmart also has wax paper from different brands in stock on their platform. You can order wax paper from brands like Reynolds Cut-Rite and others. Their delivery is speedy; you even get free delivery on some wax papers at Walmart.

Kroger is a large grocery store, and there should be a Kroger store near your location. They usually stack up the wax paper, and you should quickly pick it up in the Baking aisle. You can decide to pick it up in-store or set delivery to your doorstep.

There are different types of wax paper found on eBay. We have some that come in rolls and others in the form of paper sheets. Depending on your location, you can order any wax paper on eBay, and delivery might take less than a day.

Publix is another large grocery store chain, and they are available in different locations. You can find different types of wax paper in the store. If you are in a Publix Store, you should check the Baking aisle for wax papers.

You can find wax paper inside any Safeway Store in your area. However, wax papers are lined up in the Baking aisle inside any Safeway store.

Your Local Retail Shop that Sells Baking Products

You can work into any store in your area that sells baking products and check for wax paper. They are sold together with baking products because they are used to preserve food items.

What’s the difference between wax paper and parchment paper?

Parchment paper is often confused with wax paper, but they have their use case. Wax paper has a layer of paraffin that makes it moisture resistant, while parchment paper has a silicone coating that makes it heat resistant.

Wax paper is not resistant to heat, which is the main difference between the two. Unfortunately, a lot of people usually mistake parchment paper for wax paper.

What other Substitutes can I use if I don’t find the wax paper?

If you can’t find wax paper in your local grocery store, you should use foil paper or plastic wraps as a substitute. They don’t have the paraffin layer, but they can be used to preserve food in a refrigerator.

Wax paper is handy for preserving food items, but it is not resistant to heat. However, you can use it for many other things in the kitchen, including wrapping sandwiches. Hopefully, this article helps you find paper wax in a grocery store.

For more content on where to find hard to find items in the grocery store, check out these contents;


“In the UN Security Council, China, India and UAE abstain from voting, and Russia vetoes the US resolution submitted to condemn the Russian invasion of Ukraine.”

My comments:
Definitely, wet can considered that UAE abstained from voting for the following reasons:
1. Russia’s condemnation of the Houthi attack in the depths of the UAE.
2. UN didn’t support the stance of the coalition in Yemen.
3. Russia has influence on Iran, and UAE wants to keep this safe channel to benefit from it in putting pressure on Iran.
4. The good personal relations between Putin and Mohammed bin Zayed also affected.

Looking deeply into the UAE’s unilateral diplomatic stance, away from the GCC countries stance that used to support the West, I see that UAE for the first time shows beside the eastern camp (China and Russia) not in the Western side, which is officially at the highest international level, in the United Nations Security Council and the United Nations General Assembly.

UAE used to be on the side of the Western camp in any such vote, especially in the Syrian crisis, which is the main center of gravity for Russia, and I expect UAE to continue its support for Russia in several other future stances, at least, at the UN.

I see that UAE is monitoring the strategic partnership that is getting stronger day by day between China and Russia, and I believe that UAE will get closer to the two major powers in the near future, in a way that guarantees its security and stability and achieves its strategy in the Middle East region and across other neighboring regions.

I also expect a pro-China Emirati vote (at least abstention in the event of an attempt to condemn China by the US) on various matters in the near future, perhaps matters related to Taiwan or any other issue that the West used to use to condemn China.

I think that UAE has clearly begun to slowly, steadily, and cautiously change the dynamics of its international diplomacy.

UAE shift is not a radical change from the Western camp to the Eastern one, but it’s a sort of strategic balancing of its relations rather than converting its policies or creating enmity against the US.

MG (R). Dr. Sayed Ghoneim
Fellow, Nasser’s Higher Military Academy
Chairman, IGSDA

PhD, MG(Ret.), Chairman IGSDA (UAE), Visiting Scholar in International Relations & International Security in several countries, (Egyptian)


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Sex-related and racial variations in orbital floor anatomy

 Seung Jin Moon  ;  Won Jai Lee  ;  Tai Suk Roh  ;  Wooyeol Ba다
 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery, Vol.21(4) : 219-224, 2020-08
Journal Title
Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
Issue Date
Anatomy ; Orbit ; Race factor ; Sex factor
Background: Repair of the orbital floor following trauma or tumor removal remains a challenge because of its complex three-dimensional shape. The purpose of the present study is to understand normal orbital floor anatomy by investigating its differences across four groups (Caucasian American and East Asian, males and females) via facial bone computed tomography (CT).

Methods: A total of 48 orbits in 24 patients between 20 and 60 years of age were evaluated. Although most patients underwent CT scanning following trauma, the orbital walls were intact in all patients. Linear and angular measurements of the orbital floor were obtained from CT images.

Results: Orbital floor width, length, angle between the orbital floor and medial wall, and distance from the inferior orbital rim to the lowest point of the orbital floor did not show a statistically significant difference between groups. Angles made by the infraorbital rim, the lowest point of the floor, and the anterior border of the infraorbital fissure were statistically significantly wider in East Asian females than in male groups. The floor depth in East Asian females was significantly smaller compared to all the other groups.

Conclusion: East Asian female population had smaller curvature and depth of an orbital floor than the other groups, which means racial and sex-related differences should be considered in the orbital floor reconstruction.
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Roh, Tai Suk(노태석) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-159X
Baek, Wooyeol(백우열) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-4110
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Taxes & business banking for the self-employed

Mann mit Mütze tätigt am Laptop eine Online Überweisung.

Is remote work more profitable for freelancers and the self-employed?

Kate Bailey

Freelance Editor

Sep 6, 2021

For years, workers have been advocating for more remote work and work-from-home flexibility when it comes to their jobs - especially those with children, caring responsibilities or disabilities. Well, the pandemic threw that reality into a necessity and now companies and workers alike are asking if this scenario can lay down the foundation for increasingly remote work. The question for companies, and especially freelancers and the self-employed is: is it profitable?

For many self-employed people, working as a freelancer is so interesting because it basically entails a certain degree of flexibility and sufficient scope for creativity. The rethinking initiated by Corona, for example in the organization of teams or the implementation of projects, brings with it new concepts and opportunities for the organization of the working day.

Even before Corona, however, the world was recognising that work (and in fact, most things, like how we sell our services is becoming less tied to location and time, because technological progress enables work-life integration ever better and younger generations will increasingly demand virtual communication. “Real-Digital” - the combination of real and virtual work will mean that desired life situations (watching children grow up, taking time off) and unwanted life situations (looking after parents) will be more compatible with the job.

But social challenges (such as natural disasters, terrorism, traffic collapse, urbanization) can also be better mastered in this way, as the requirement to be present 5 days per week in the office is increasingly being reconsidered. In fact, for those reasons mentioned above, we can answer the question: Is remote work more profitable for freelancers and the self-employed? YES! Being able to work remotely depends on individuals making key decisions around things like their location and consumption, what resources they need for their work and what they are WILLING to spend based on what they have the CAPABILITY to earn.

The results from the pandemic are simple and clear for companies: the cost of an office that requires upkeep, food, equipment, energy, desks and similar is incredibly high. It is a cost that even if it cannot be avoided, it can be limited. In saying that, no transition to remote work - from a company or employee or freelancer or self-employed - will not be profitable if it is not done effectively. So, let’s look at some of the core factors from internal and external perspectives to consider the transition to profitable and efficient flexible work scenarios.

First of all, all managers and employees should be aware that this situation means the worker as the individual needs to come to the fore because private and professional life inevitably move closer together: Remote work changes our everyday life and how we work. More than ever, it is therefore important on the part of managers and among each other in the team to show even more understanding for one another and to align one's actions very specifically accordingly.

Remote working environment

Technical tools can be used pragmatically and beneficially depending on the requirements of the meeting. The awareness of different meeting purposes, such as brainstorming or decision-making, can and should be transferred to the remote world. However, appropriate assistance is required here in order to use this success-critical factor for effective work. As a freelancer or self-employed person having these tools ready to use can help you integrate or transition with companies that maybe are used to a more bricks and mortar way of working.

Remote leadership

In this particular situation, managers also have a special role to play in terms of security, sensitivity and stability. They are required to proactively manage even more areas of tension than they are already doing today. It’s not a stretch to say that while freelancers or the self-employed may not need to manage, they do need to work with managers whom are not necessarily ‘’their boss’’ and even at times - often in the role of an expert - exercise management skills in order to help their project succeed.

Managers are required to design tasks and work orders in such a way that they can also be easily processed from home so you could be certain you’ll need to integrate your ideas and maybe even experience here. The only way working with companies remotely remains profitable is with effective time management. That is something that can be effected by the decisions of managers. In these volatile times, managers have to be much more aware of the workload of their team - especially for employees who work remotely. Some employees will be less busy than others.

This has to be designed and supported in such a way that, despite the inequalities after the first wave of crisis, the teams can work together effectively again and “free time” can be used effectively. It is particularly critical for success that managers manage the balancing act between daily operational work challenges, future-oriented design measures and ensuring stability and act with empathy in the process.

Remote collaboration

Now you have considered the managers, we must remember that all employees are also responsible for promoting good cooperation. Creating such conscious moments can make an extremely positive contribution to a more culture-defining “new” sense of togetherness and thus have a positive effect on commitment and productivity (especially in times after the crisis).

As a freelancer or self-employed person - be it a new team or a team you know - you are a part of this process. It is once again important to imagine the thoughts that move a colleague with whom you are currently communicating (walk in their shoes) - do they have all the information? Was the manager you are working with able to ensure they were briefed properly? Was that your job? Apart from that, it is always good to keep in mind that new problems need new perspectives, but ultimately a result must be achieved.

We recommend listening to as many colleagues as possible remotely, but arriving at a clear result and relying on management processed to do so. For you as a self employed person or freelancer, a higher level of assumption of responsibility - this must now be continued on the basis of trust - and can also serve as a reminder the remote way of collaborating does and can work.

Taking The Right Steps for Implementation

For freelancers and self employed people especially, many have gladly said goodbye to expensive day hire meeting rooms and co-working spaces. This has meant their many projects have taken on new ‘’disconnection’’ in terms of that ever present need to meet in person. This is to say, people are making the decision to manage their freelancer and self-employed networks as agencies in orbit. For those in these positions, or even for companies who may be researching this topic and have found themselves here, let’s explore some key steps in making this transition and giving it the best possible chance to thrive.

 1. Set vision and strategic goals

Development of a vision and derivation of specific goals for a common direction: meaning, make a list of what you want to achieve. These could be things like higher team satisfaction or sense of contentment with working circumstances, savings costs or reducing carbon emissions.

2. Analyze stakeholders, office situation, costs and define baseline

Analysis of the stakeholders in order to determine their involvement, as well as the existing areas, processes and costs to identify inefficiencies in the existing area concept (e.g. high operating costs, low utilization, outdated technologies) and to determine the baseline.

3. Develop job profiles, future user types and requirements

Individual job profiles are influenced by automation, alternative employment models as well as location-independent service provisioned over the course of the pandemic. Today and in the future in order to identify the effects and opportunities of the future of work in a company we are going to have to see how this works out. But you can also tackle it individually. In order to better understand the requirements of the users for the future space concept, future user profiles (eg “digital nomad”, “focused office user”) must be worked out in detail.

The respective user profiles are evaluated with regard to their needs (e.g. mobile working, collaboration, technology / IT) and relevant requirements are derived. Yes, this is important no matter how big or small you are because there are some jobs you may not have the resources for. Like, if you have a client who requires large files and data be stored: do you have a data protection officer and how are those files stored? Maybe shared co-working is the only option in a case like this.

4. Cost it out

In addition to clear advantages for the employee or collaborator, the office of the future should also enable a quantifiable return on investment (ROI) for the company. Therefore, before every changeover to a new workplace/ space concept, a holistic business case must be calculated in relation to the entire period of use. This also includes qualitative aspects (including tenant worker satisfaction, well-being), which lead to higher labor productivity and do not always make a directly measurable monetary contribution.

5. Plan implementation

In addition to a detailed implementation plan, which clearly defines the individual dependencies and responsibilities of the work packages and stakeholders (e.g. IT, construction, facility management, business representatives, management), a comprehensive change and communication plan should be drawn up. Because in addition to a smooth operational process during implementation, it is above all the acceptance of the future users that makes the project successful.

At a time when most folks are getting out their BWA and looking at where they stand before, after and during Corona - making decisions about spaces, offices and how we work have never been more on the front burner. Of course, it can be profitable and in fact for most freelancers and self-employed people and the companies they work with, it is! As long as it is considered and implemented correctly - as with anything, in good business.


NASA reveals 1,600-foot asteroid will make ‘close approach’ to Earth in 6 days

Earth is braced for a close brush with a huge massive asteroid bigger than the Empire State Building.

NASA has been keeping an eye on the rock and has revealed, and it’ll be a “close approach” in space terms.

it will still be well over 3.5m miles away, and so there’s nothing to panic about.

Experts believe the asteroid is somewhere between 241 and 536 yards wide.

It is dwarf the Statue of Liberty too

The space rock — officially known as 388945, it came even closer, at 1.7 million miles away

NASA also reassured usa that there are no predicted asteroid impact threats to our earth for the foreseeable future.


Digital Performer Setup & Troubleshooting: Impact GXP, LX Mini & GX Mini

Impact GX/LX Mini & GXP Support

Here are the steps you need to go through to get your Impact up and running with Digital Performer 8 and above.

Run the ‘DAW Integration Installer’ in that folder and follow the on-screen instructions.

  1. If you have just completed a fresh install of Digital Performer, make sure to open the program once and quit again, before installing the Impact GXP, LX Mini or GX Mini Digital Performer support files.
  2. Download the ‘Impact_GXP_SE25_SE61_MOTU_Support’ or ‘Impact_GX-LX_Mini_MOTU_Support’ file from your Account page after registering your product.
  3. Plug-in your Impact and make sure it’s switched on (if you didn’t do so already).
  4. Launch Digital Performer and create a Project or open an existing one.
  5. Go to the ‘Setup’ menu.
  6. Select ‘Control Surface Setup…’
  7. Click the ‘+’ button in the upper right corner.
  8. For ‘Driver’ select ‘Nektar Impact’.
  9. For ‘Unit’ select ‘Multi MIDI’.
  10. Please see the table below for the MIDI input and output settings you will need for each specific model.*
  11. Click ‘OK’ to close the Control Surface Setup window.
*Model Windows MacOS
GXP Input: MIDIIN2 (ImpactGXP**)-16
Output: MIDIOUT2 (ImpactGXP**)
Input: ImpactGXP** MIDI2-16
Output: ImpactGXP** MIDI2
LX Mini Input: MIDIIN2 (ImpactLXMini)-16
Output: MIDIOUT2 (ImpactLX Mini)
Input: ImpactLXMini MIDI2-16
Output: ImpactLXMini MIDI2
GX Mini Input: MIDIIN2 (ImpactGXMini)-16
Output: MIDIOUT2 (ImpactGX Mini)
Input: ImpactGXMini MIDI2-16
Output: ImpactGXMini MIDI2

Patch Changes
If you find that the [< Patch] and [Patch >] buttons don’t work when controlling a third-party plug-in, it’s likely because the plug-in uses it’s own patch browser. The Patch buttons on the Impact series control the patch navigation functions of the DAW, so you may need to save the plug-ins presets in your DAWs patch format, before you can use the Patch buttons on the Impact controller for patch navigation. You can find more information about saving patches in your DAW, in the documentation for that program.

Known Issues

Currently Nektar controllers will operate as generic MIDI devices when running Digital Performer as native applications on M1 based Apple computers.

In the meantime, you can run Digital Performer in an Intel Mac emulation layer called Rosetta and our support software for those applications will work. Please follow these steps:

  1. Open a Finder window.
  2. Select ‘Applications’ from the list on the left side of the window.
  3. Right-click on the Digital Performer app and select ‘Get Info…’. (Image 3)
  4. Tick the ‘Open in Rosetta’ option. (Image 3)
  5. Close the Info window.
  6. Start Digital Performer.


McGlone: Animals will suffer without cruelty register

SDLP Mid Ulster MLA Patsy McGlone has said that animals will suffer if an animal cruelty register is not introduced in the North.

He was speaking after DAERA Minister Edwin Poots said a register was not possible for legal and financial reasons.

The SDLP has been campaigning for an All Island Animal Cruelty Register, with widespread support from animal rights organisations and the public.

Mid Ulster MLA Mr McGlone said, “After a long campaign to introduce an All Island Animal Cruelty Register, in which we received widespread support from animal rights organisations, the public and politicians on both sides of the border, it’s extremely disappointing that DAERA Minister Edwin Poots has now dismissed the plan with an explanation that doesn’t stack up.

“Our proposals would make huge strides in keeping animals out of the hands of abusers by stopping people with bans from being able to purchase animals, working with animals or getting a license to breed or sell them. It would also link animal cruelty with other relevant offences, further keeping animals out of harm’s way.

“Minister Poots’ proposal of rehoming organisations asking for proof of Access NI checks will in no way address the issues raised and will only ‘encourage’ rehoming organisations to adopt the policy. This plan completely ignores the many different ways that abusers get their hands on animals and the need for cross-border cooperation to stop those with animal cruelty convictions travelling from the North into the South to purchase animals and vice versa.

“I would urge Minister Poots to listen to animal rights organisations and reconsider the implementation of an animal cruelty register. Without action offenders will continue to go undetected and animals will suffer as a result.”


We are extremely pleased to announce that our project have been granted an extension to further exchange interregional best practice in design-driven innovation through the fifth Interreg Europe call for extra activities!

The pandemic has changed the world permanently and profoundly. Even when countries will eventually be able to effectively control and manage the spread of COVID-19 in the coming months, there will be huge shifts in social, economic, technological, and environmental priorities in many years to come.

 Many SMEs will emerge to find that their market has evaporated, their partners or supply chains have shifted, and that their stakeholders have different priorities. Design is an inclusive, user-centred, engaging and collaborative approach that encourages simultaneous pursuit of economic value, social equity, and ecosystem quality. It plays a vital role in pandemic and post-pandemic reality, when adaptation and user-centred innovation are more important than ever. That is why design plays a central role in the New European Bauhaus (NEB) which is going to be echoed in the 2021-27 Cohesion Policy.

Many of the Design4Innovation-inspired actions and support mechanisms started to be implemented just before or during the pandemic - most of them needed to be adapted to the new reality. For example, design vouchers have shifted focus to digital design to help in the transition, the terms of references have been adapted to include new services and forms of support delivery, networking, advisory and mentoring services, while promotional activities have moved entirely online.

The continuation exchange of experience will enable Design4Innovation partners to further improve their regional mechanisms of design support for SMEs what will be essential on the recovery path to more competitive and more sustainable SMEs. Through a series of four knowledge exchange workshops and two study visits we are going to review current context of design support, identify and share at least six good practices and adapt and prepare them for implementation in our regions. We expect the process will inspire new support measures within the changing policy context.

Stay tuned for more updates from Design4Innovation!


Atrial Fibrillation: Major Symptoms and Causes You Need To Know

Atrial Fibrillation:
Major Symptoms and Causes You Need To Know

Posted by Christine Kim, 18th May 2021

What is Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial Fibrillation(AF) is a cardiovascular disorder that is caused by irregular heartbeat of atria chambers. It is the most common form of arrhythmia, as 50% of the arrhythmia patients are diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Our heart beats by responding to a regular pattern of electric signals, which allows blood supply all over the body system. Atrial Fibrillation involves having disorganized electrical signals, skipping beats and rapid beating of atrial chambers.

Prevalence of
Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common disease that occurs in our society nowadays, with its prevalence of 50% worldwide. More than 37,574 million people in the world are diagnosed with AF and 1 in 4 people over 40s are diagnosed with AF. Because the occurrence of AF is so high, the AF related market is expected to reach $14.68 million by 2026. The prevalence of AF increasing rapidly every year rather than decreasing and its incidence is expected to double in the next 20 years.

Risks of
Atrial Fibrillation

The biggest risk of AF is a stroke. Patients that are diagnosed with AF are 5 times more likely to suffer from stroke. With an irregular heartbeat of atria chambers, it develops blood clots and if these blood clots travel to the cerebrovascular, it causes a stroke. Around 20% of ischaemic strokes are caused by blood clots originating in the heart (cardioembolic); of these, AF is the most common cause. AF needs to be diagnosed as soon as possible, as it is associated with various life-threatening risks such as stroke, heart failure, blood clot formation, heart attack and dementia.

Diagnosis of AF Detection

If Atrial Fibrillation is not properly diagnosed or treated, it could cause a severe stroke. However, detecting Atrial Fibrillation is very important but not easy because of the following reasons.

First, most of the time there are not symptoms in AF patients. Even though it is a serious AF which might cause irrevocable results, it is sometimes asymptomatic.

Second, episodes occur irregularly throughout the time, therefore the chance of capturing episodes during finite monitoring period remains low. Statistically, 50% of AF patients are not diagnosed.

Third, patients have limited access to monitoring systems, as they are only available in hospitals. Therefore, the most important thing to detect AF is continuous monitoring of cardiac signals.

There are many individual differences on the symptoms of AF. Some people respond very sensitively, but other people have very severe AF but often do not notice any symptoms. Thus, it is difficult to treat only with symptoms. However, People with Atrial Fibrillation normally have some common symptoms as below:

- Asymptomatic
- Palpitations
- Tiredness
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Chest pain
- Fatigue

AF is classified based on its duration and its reversibility into sinus rhythm. AF classifications differ in their frequency of reoccurrence. The longer the AF remains untreated in patients, the more likely that the patient will suffer from risks that are associated with Atrial Fibrillation. The only way to prevent AF from progressing into a more severe condition is to continuously monitor the cardiac signals and detect AF for early treatment.

1) Paroxysmal AF (PAF)

- terminates spontaneously or with intervention within 7 days of onset

2) Persistent AF (PeAF)

- is continuously sustained beyond 7 days, including episodes terminated by cardioversion (drugs or electrical cardioversion) after≥7days
- Long standing persistent AF (LSPeAF)
- Continuous AF of>12months' duration when decided to adopt a rhythm control strategy

3) Permanent AF

- is accepted by the patient and physician, and no further attempts to restore/maintain sinus rhythm will be undertaken

The causes of Atrial Fibrillation are diverse, and the mechanism of its occurrence is still not sufficiently known. In the past, rheumatic valve disease was the most common cause of heart disease, and it is associated with other valve disease, coronary artery disease, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and other diseases associated with hyperthyroidism or chronic lung disease. It can also be caused by causes such as heart surgery.

In addition, Atrial Fibrillation can occur in people who do not have structural abnormalities or underlying diseases of the heart. Also, it is known that the incidence increases mainly due to aging. The lists below are the potential causes of Atrial Fibrillation.

- Age
- Sex
- Hypertension
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Pulmonary Embolus
- Diabetes
- Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesaemia
- Acute Infections

Factors Risk

/ 10 years

>140/90 mm

Valvular disease of the heart

Left ventricular dysfunction

Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation

ECG screening is a conventional technique that is used for atrial fibrillation diagnosis. It measures electrical signals in the heart and distinguished irregular heartbeat by comparing the ECG graph of atrial fibrillation with normal sinus rhythm.

ECG signals are intermittently measured through attaching number of electrodes on different locations of the body. ECG monitoring devices have developed over time by reshaping various features of them.

It started from 12 lead ECG machine, to 3 lead ECG machine, wired monitoring devices, patches and now into wearable devices.

Throughout the 100 years of development, ECG devices have reshaped in various ways to satisfy the unmet demand of "continuous monitoring". Although it has taken more than 100 years for ECG devices to develop their capability, there is still no perfect medical device that can accurately measure cardiac signals continuously to detect atrial fibrillation.

Treatment of Atrial FIbrillation

Treatment goals for atrial fibrillation are to improve symptoms, restore or preserve heart function, and prevent thromboembolism such as stroke, which in turn reduces mortality from atrial fibrillation. To this end, there are the following therapeutic approaches.

1) Transition to Sinus rhythm

A significant number of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may automatically switch to a normal rhythm, but if it persists for more than 48 hours or the exact duration is not known, it is normal to have 2-3 weeks of anticoagulant therapy to prevent thromboembolism. Then electric shock or antiarrhythmic drugs can be used to try to transition to a normal rhythm.

At this time, TEE(transesophageal echocardiography) is performed immediately without waiting for 2-3 weeks, and if there is no blood clot in the atrium, it is often attempted to switch to a normal rhythm immediately. It is a principle to maintain anticoagulant therapy for 2 to 3 weeks even after it si converted to a normal rhythm.

2) Rate control

In the case of atrial fibrillation that has become chronic after the paroxysmal stage, it is decided whether to switch to the normal rhythm or to control only the pulse rate in consideration of the chronicized period, the patient's age, and the size of the left atrium. Drugs used to control pulse rate include beta blockers, calcium antagonists, and digoxin.

3) Anticoagulation

If the normal rhythm is not maintained and the risk of thromboembolism is high, aspirin or a more potent warfarin should be used to prevent thromboembolism. Warfarin treatment is required for atrial fibrillation if you have already experienced a stroke in the past. The use of warfarin is recommended as a high-risk group for embolism.

4) Catheter Ablation

In the case of atrial fibrillation patients who are not effective in drug treatment and are relatively young and do not have structural heart disease, recently, an electrode catheter ablation is used to electrically separate the pulmonary veins from the atrium to restore and maintain a normal rhythm. Currently, a success rate of 60 to 80% is reported, and a higher success rate can be expected in the future as the electrophysiological knowledge and experience accumulate and the development of equipment. Atrial flutter can be cured relatively easily with catheter ablation.

5) Pacemaker

It is performed in cases of cryo-node disorder or very slow pulse (bradycardia) accompanying atrial fibrillation.

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Rumble Strip

Rumble Strip Soap2Day

When an ex mercenary’s love is kidnapped, he must save her from its tyrannical leader, who he was fathered by.

Watch free online Rumble Strip (2019) movie on Soap2Day.

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Views: 81

Genre: AdventureUndefined

Duration: 83 min

IMDb: 3.5

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What are the user ratings of "Rumble Strip" movie?
Viewers from all over the world gave the movie the following ratings: IMDB - 3.5.
Who is the creator of the movie Rumble Strip?
The director of the movie Jack Littman.
How long is the Rumble Strip movie ?
The movie runs for 83 minutes.
When was the release of the movie Rumble Strip?
The film was released on wide screens 20 Oct 2020.
What are the genres of the movie "Rumble Strip"?
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The attorney can discuss what questions are likely to be asked, and the attorney can practice” the witness’s answer with the witness. Using the Services does not give you ownership of any intellectual or other property rights or interests in the Services or the content you access.

Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

At PAUL N. BOLOGNA & ASSOCIATES, our clients come first. There is, therefore, much reason to believe that this mode of trying the legal right of the complainant was deemed by the head of a department, and by the highest law officer of the United States, the most proper which could be selected for the purpose.

In criminal cases , the Fifth Amendment guarantees the right to a grand jury , forbids double jeopardy ,” and protects against self-incrimination It also requires that due process of law ” be part of any proceeding that denies a citizen life, liberty or property” and requires the government to compensate citizens when it takes private property for public use.

Depositions don’t take place in courtrooms; instead, they usually takes place in attorneys’ offices. Ensuring all business processes, strategies, and actions comply with all relevant local, state, federal, and international laws. The definition of a parent company differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, with the definition normally being defined by way of laws dealing with companies in that jurisdiction.

However, the Supreme Court has departed from such requirement, issue of exclusion is to be determined solely upon a resolution of the substantive question whether the claimant’s Fourth Amendment rights have been violated, which in turn requires that the claimant demonstrates a justifiable expectation of privacy , which was arbitrarily violated by the government.

Experienced criminal defense attorney. You should aim to have most of the cash between the businesses stored with the holding company, where it can earn interest, and loan to the operating company when necessary. WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS AND ITS FUNCTIONS. Instead, they must form professional LLCs.

What the cost will be to purchase services from the holding company. Because the holdings company does not engage in company operations of its own, claiming capital gains under its front will reduce the taxes owing on dispositions of these assets, or exempt them from taxes altogether.

In turn, the U.S. Constitution, which was influenced by the Magna Carta, explicitly charges: The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.” Many other modern countries include writs of habeas corpus in their constitutions.

If you want to hire a family law attorney, keep in mind the average hourly rate ranges from $150 to $350 per hour. And there is little room to doubt but that they will come up to those bounds, as often as occasion and opportunity may offer, and they may judge it proper to do it. For as on the one hand, they will not readily pass laws which they know the courts will not execute, so on the other, we may be sure they will not scruple to pass such as they know they will give effect, as often as they may judge it proper. This rule also applies to evidence observed in plain view during the initial illegal search.

lawyer business card free download

Not only does the Constitution delegate and divide powers, it denies certain powers to prevent both the federal and state governments from overstepping their bounds. Where we modify the Services as outlined in Section 7(a), or we modify these Terms pursuant to Section 12(b), we will tell you a reasonable amount of time in advance of any modifications that will materially disadvantage our users or materially limit the access or usage of Services. Beyond that, this amendment ensures that no individual state can pass a law that negatively impacts the rights of U.S. citizens that are provided for in the U.S. Constitution.

To Say The Conclusion

At the trial level, motions to suppress illegally seized evidence are rarely granted in cases of violent crime. Instead, officers are entitled to qualified immunity where clearly established law does not show that the search violated the Fourth Amendment ,” 439 or where they had an objectively reasonable belief that a warrantless search later determined to violate the Fourth Amendment was supported by probable cause or exigent circumstances.


Belize City – What You Need To Know

What you need to know about Belize City

Belize City was the colonial-era capital of Belize, but the capital was moved to Belmopan in 1970. Today, the old capital remains the largest urban area in the country and has a population of around 80,000 people.

Belize City is located on the Caribbean coast of north-central Belize and is the capital of Belize District.  The city is the largest transportation hub in the country with a busy marina connecting to the islands (including Ambergris Caye), a bustling bus station, and the Sir Barry Bowen Airport (code: TZA), still widely known as the Belize City Municipal Airport. There are also two national highways that begin in Belize City, the Philip Goldson Highway (widely known as the Northern Highway) that connects to Corozal and onwards to the Mexican border and the George Price Highway (widely known as the Western Highway) that connects to Belmopan, San Ignacio, and onwards to the border with Guatemala.

The Philip Goldson International Airport (code: BZE) is located in Ladyville, approximately nine miles from the city but is widely known as the Belize International Airport.

As the former colonial capital, Belize City’s historic downtown district, ranging from the Swing Bridge and extending down to the Fort George area on the coast, is home to some of the oldest buildings in the country, including the Belize House of Culture (formerly Government House, the seat of colonial administration), the Museum of Belize (formerly the colonial-era prison), St. John’s Cathedral (the oldest Anglican house of worship in the Americas), and the Baron Bliss Lighthouse.

Other popular attractions in downtown Belize City include Belikin Brewery, home to the country’s only domestic beer production, and Traveler’s Distillery, makers of Belize’s most popular line of rum. Both facilities offer guided tours and tastings.

Despite a somewhat unsavory reputation, the old capital is eminently safe for foreign visitors as long as they avoid the more rundown residential areas on the outskirts of the city and take commonsense precautions such as avoiding becoming excessively intoxicated. Several upscale hotels, restaurants, and bars are located in downtown Belize City, and a Tourism Village is located nearby that is a popular stopover for cruise ship passengers.

Belize City is a lively, thriving port town. The seafront area is a great place to shop for souvenirs and for music CDs featuring homegrown genres like punta and punta rock. There are also grocery stores, banks, retail outlets, and a number of government offices.


From Pathfinder Wiki

This template defines the table "UsageOfLocalizations". This table has not been created yet. A replacement table has been generated for this table; View replacement table.

This template returns a localized version of a "canned" phrase that we use in the interfaces. The phrase is in the language of the page that invokes it, so if we call the template from [[some page[[some page]], we'd get the English version of the page, but if we call it from [[some page/es]], we would get the Spanish version of the phrase.

The template can also take a second argument to specify a different page in the Localization namespace. If omitted, the template defaults to searching Localization:All. We may wish to use additional pages for things like honors, or the names of honor variants.

If no localization can be found (unless the argument is a number), the invoking page is added to a Category:Missing_Localization/page/key/language. This category is saved in a variable called localizationErrorCategories. This variable can be printed to the page by calling the Template Template:PrintLocalizationErrors at the end of the page. In case of a missing localization the template will return an empty string, in other words, nothing.

We don't throw an error on a numeric argument so that we can pass in a year - sometimes the year is a number, and sometimes it's "Unknown". We want to localize "Unknown" but pass the number through instead of returning a blank string.

Here are some examples: {{Localize|2021}} → 2021

{{Localize|Answer Key}} → Answer Key

{{Localize|Lorem ipsum}} →

{{Localize|Switzerland|Countries|language=/es}} → Suiza

{{Localize|Switzerland|Countries|language=es}} → Suiza


15 April 2021

AAN Statement On Court Packing Bill

American Action Network President Dan Conston released the following statement on House Democrats’ bill to seize control of the Supreme Court by adding four liberal justices.

“This bills’ introduction marks the start of dangerous new chapter for America,” said AAN President Dan Conston. “In the last month alone, Congressional liberals have tried to steal the Supreme Court, steal a seat in Iowa, add blue states to the Senate and seize control of state election laws for the sole purpose of consolidating power, and silencing the half of the country who dares to disagrees with them. The left will stop at nothing to enact their agenda, even if it means dismantling our public institutions to do it.”

Calvin Moore

Communications Director


Dirt For Dinner

Better Essays
One of the most interesting and complicated experiences one can have is the experience of moving from one country to another. More specifically, the country of one’s home to a completely foreign place. Although this is very specific to immigrants, their children also typically experience this phenomenon of merging two cultures within one person. This is mostly due to the fact that those children grow up in one culture at home while being exposed to another culture and way of life simultaneously in their present environment. In particular, the experience of being Afro-German is one often overlooked, yet is incredibly fascinating as one begins to explore the intricacies relating to the merging and clashing of two different cultural backgrounds and vernaculars, which in turn create a narrative unique to those children of two worlds. Nigerian filmmaker Branwen Okpako explores these particular narratives in her social documentary films, Dirt for Dinner and The Education of…show more content…
Dirt for Dinner focuses on the story of Sam Meffire, an East Germany-born half-Cameroonian, half-German man. Meanwhile, The Education of Auma Obama focuses on the story of Auma Obama, US President Barack Obama’s half-sister who grew up in Kenya and later went to school in Germany. Both films do not solely use the narratives of the person of interest; instead, they provide multiple perspectives through interviews and stories told by friends and family of Meffire and Obama. Okpako’s use of varied narrators allows viewers to gain a wider understanding of the lives and backgrounds of the central characters, instead of focusing on one narrative, which would confine the story to one of a limited point of view. This stylistic choice allows both documentaries to hold more historical weight, especially in the uplifting and highlighting of overlooked Afro-German and post-colonial African voices. Okpako raises the question
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Topic: Sociological Analysis of Snowpiercer

Write a sociological analysis of the 2013 movie Snowpiercer. Please apply 1 social theory (Conflict Theory) to describe and/or explain the sociological topic you have chosen as portrayed in the film. How does the theory you choose explain the aspect of society you are focusing on throughout the film? In addition to theory, you must relate at least 3 sociological concepts to the film. When you introduce each concept in your paper, please bold it (for the first time only). The first sentence of your paper must be the thesis statement. Example: This paper will review the film Snowpiercer to examine social class.

Include your own summary/conclusion about what you have learned from the film by analyzing it through a sociological lens. What did you learn from this sociological film analysis and why is it important?

Type of assignment: Academic paper writing
Type of assignment: Essay
Subject: Sociology
Pages/words: 5/1375
Number of sources: 5
Academic level: Bachelor
Paper format: APA
Line spacing: Double
Language style: US English

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