In the face of similar rubber seals from different manufacturers, how to compare the performance of similar rubber seals?

1、 Tensile properties
Tensile property is the first property to be considered for rubber seals, which includes tensile strength, constant tensile stress, elongation at break, deformation at break, etc. The tensile strength is the large stress from tensile to fracture of the material sample; The constant elongation stress is the stress reached at the specified elongation; Elongation is the deformation (ratio of elongation increment to original length) caused by the specified tensile force on the material sample, and elongation at break is the elongation at break of the sample; The tensile deformation is the residual deformation between the markings after tensile fracture of materials.

2、 Hardness
Hardness refers to the ability of rubber seals to resist external force and is one of the basic properties of seals. The hardness of rubber seals is also closely related to other properties. For example, the higher the hardness of rubber seals, the greater the strength, the smaller the elongation, and the better the wear resistance, while the low temperature resistance is often inversely proportional to the hardness.

3、 Compression performance
Rubber seals are usually compressed. The rubber material has viscoelasticity, and the pressure will decrease with time when it is compressed, showing the relaxation of compression stress; After removing the pressure, it can not return to the original shape, which is shown as compression deformation. This phenomenon is more obvious in high temperature and oil medium, and this performance is directly related to the durability of rubber sealing capacity.

4、 Aging resistance
When rubber seals are subjected to oxygen, cold and hot, moisture, mechanical stress, etc., their performance will deteriorate, which is called aging. The aging resistance can be expressed by the change of strength, elongation and hardness of rubber seals after aging. The smaller the change rate is, the better the aging resistance is.

5、 Oil or medium resistance

In the application of vacuum system, rubber seals are exposed to many mediums, such as petroleum based, diester, silicone grease oil, and acid, alkali and other corrosive mediums in the chemical industry. In these media, the rubber seal is not only corroded, but also can cause expansion, strength and hardness reduction under high temperature. At the same time, the plasticizer and soluble substances in the rubber seals are extracted, which will lead to the reduction of mass and volume, thus leading to the leakage of the vacuum system. Generally, under a certain temperature, the quality, volume, strength, elongation, hardness and other property changes of rubber seals are measured after immersion in the medium for a certain period of time to evaluate the oil resistance or medium resistance of rubber seals.

6、 Low temperature performance
The low-temperature performance of rubber seals has two aspects:
①Low temperature retraction temperature. Stretch the seal to a certain length, then fix it, quickly cool it to below the freezing temperature, loosen it after reaching balance, and raise the temperature at a certain speed. Record the temperature when the material shrinks 10%, 30%, 50% and 70%, expressed as TR10, TR30, TR50 and TR70 respectively. The material standard is TR10, which is related to the brittleness temperature of rubber.
② Low temperature flexibility. After the material is frozen at a certain low temperature for a specified time, it is bent back and forth at a specified angle. At this time, the sealing ability of rubber seals under the repeated action of dynamic load at low temperature is investigated.
Through the comparison of the above six aspects, we can basically get the performance advantages and disadvantages of the same type of rubber seals between different manufacturers. After comprehensive comparison, we choose the best.

Post time: Sep-21-2022


Researching Robust Environmental Sensors For Fully AVs

Researching Robust Environmental Sensors For Fully AVs

Variation in weather conditions poses a huge difficulty for the technology. For instance, powerful background light, dense fog, or snowfall can imply that the system does not have the ability to detect obstacles, other vehicles, or people until too late.

German researchers are working with industry to enhance sensors and sensor systems to resist environmental conditions like bad weather or pollution. They have come up with virtual environments where they could test trustworthy environmental sensors for highly and completely autonomous vehicles so that they can then be enhanced based on the outcomes.

Vehicles are able to perceive their environment to a varying extent using numerous sensors. The higher the vehicle’s level of automation, the higher the requirements placed on them.

It has developed a simulation environment that simulates driving situations and accident scenarios that cannot be tested in real life for safety reasons. The simulations imply that the tests are easy to implement, affordable, and reproducible.

Source: Azo Sensors

Name of Author: Bethan Davies

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Food Waste Reduction

Pie chart showing what is wasted in Canadian houses. 2.2 million tonnes of edible food each year

One of the greatest ways we can help our environment is to reduce the amount of edible food we waste. In addition to taking up valuable space in landfills, wasting food wastes all the resources that went into making that food including:

  • water and fertilizer that went into growing the food
  • fuel and electricity to harvest, transport and store the food

Food Waste Tips & Resources

Reducing food waste can save a lot of time and money, here are some tips to get you started:


What is an Externality?

Somewhere there is an exchange. Two things (at minimum) change hands for which there in the immediate sphere one assumes a equivalence between givens. The traders or exchangers take their givens back to their private domains and there take stock of what went into their objects of exchange. For one it could have been the products of a 40 hour work week, for several weeks, as well as other material and psychological investments or sacrifices. For another it could be hours slaving away in a studio over a product or just as likely the utilization of some environmental resource harvested for product creation, or alternatively the purchase of the labor time of another or several others all pitching in for the creation of that which will be exchanged.

In the immediate scenario there’s an appearance of equivalence. Something that nets out at zero. Product -> Money / Money -> Product or Product 1 -> Product 2 / Product 2 -> Product 1. But in the move from micro to macro (or even before one gets there, in the movement from the microeconomic to even semi-macro scales) one sees emerge a different picture. One where things are not quite so equal, not quite so simple.

All cases where these “not quite so simple”, “not quite so equal”, not quite so foreseen consequences escape from the exchange, one can say that one is the domain of the “externality”. The concept presupposes one capable of problematizing the stable presentation of the given exchange or set of exchanges. Between oneself and others, between diverse sets of others, between that which speaks for itself and that which perhaps doesn’t even have a voice that one would understand. The concept of the externality directly pertains to the relationship between the accounted for and the unaccounted for, the measured and the unmeasured or perhaps in some cases (as we’ll see below) the unmeasurable. To consider the externalities of a set of actions or exchanges means to “make visible” what has heretofore remained out of the equation or ‘off the books’ (in the accounting sense of that phrase).

There is an accounting of what is needed to do X. The objects needed for the proper functioning of X are thus accounted for as costs (actual or potential, direct or indirect). The system functions (one presupposes) interiorly on the basis of the driving of these objects accounted for. Something happens occasionally however during the everyday functioning of this system– by-products of activity are spit onto the exterior of the system–, –presuppositions of productivity become obstacles to the realization of production–.

Externality & Gift

In the case of gift exchange or charitable acts, unseen costs of accepting a gift become apparent — costs incurred in the creation of a gift become recognized by the gift barer, gift-giver or even a third party, though previously invisible to all.

But not everything is bad. There are always costs in exchanges and transactions, but cost are generally associated with benefits, somewhere, received by someone, or something. The same unaccounted for presuppositions that can become obstacles to the realization of production are also considered positive externalities when they without cost provide productive conditions for the generation of value for X consumer, for X producer or X public service. To give an example, the advent of the smart phone produced positive externalities in the sphere of immediate access to knowledge, but negative ones in the sphere of public physical sociability and interaction or in the corporeal sphere of long-term spinal pain. Or one could dig further into the issue of the access to knowledge and reveal a negative within it (confirmed by Herbert Simon) of the consequent negative externality of oversaturated information-processing capacity, the feeling of being overwhelmed by demands on attention. The good comes with the bad, and one objective for any enterprise social or commercial is to minimize negative externalities and the capture as much terrain with positive externalities as possible.

Economist Yann Moulier Boutang has written about the need to take externalities into account to properly understand today’s economy. Like the beekeeper and the orchardist (to use his famous example) the major modern enterprises of the 21st century all harvest the potential and value created through “cross-pollination” of spheres of production in the creation of positive externalities to create exponentially more innovation, impact, detail, and externality spillovers on the environments in which they operate. This means mobilizing latent, undervalued inputs and putting them to use if ways previously unthought of. Or it could conversely mean exploiting relaxed laws in the spheres of environmental protection, bribery or corrupt practices in business to maximize profit elsewhere that one could not do in more strict regulatory environments. In either case, it’s an issue of seeing, recognizing and accounting for what might alternatively be thought outside the sphere of a transaction, an exchange, an act of production or consumptions in and of itself. It invites you to question who accounts for what is produced or consumed? Who pays costs associated? Or conversely, one could ask who can rightfully take credit for a benefit consumed? Should anyone?

The same types of concerns that pertain to economic activity pertain as well to charitable acts. Charitable acts, as with types of seemingly benevolent intervention in medical fields, psychological fields, social and economic fields are wrought with examples of disaster deriving from well-intentioned actors. One could ask Ignaz Semmelweis about the negative externalities of all the love and concern of germ-infested hospital staff in the 19th century Western nations, or one could similarly ask the approximately 900 villages in Bangladesh that suffered from arsenic poisoning from the 1970s to the 1990s from ground wells built specifically to reduce the extremely high infant mortality and diarrhea rates from deficient water purification and sewage systems. In both cases here the transaction was not a simple product as one would normally depict in examples of gift exchange or the sale of goods. These examples are closer to the complexities involved in service provision. When one pays for or offers a service, only part of the product is actual and present (generally the obligation as encapsulated in contract or receipt), the other part of the product is virtual, a promise to deliver upon the obligation. With complex charitable acts it is somewhat the same. Something is done, which is actual, but it is done from the basis of a virtuality–by which I mean the content of the world inhabited by the actor, one’s territorial maps of the world/society/risks and opportunity as well as the cognitive points of reference and experiential history that combined makes each individual actant unique in internal composition. The act alone would not determine for another the nature of the act. Its nature can only be determined by establishing a connection with something virtual. Two internal worlds must if only for a moment, understand each other, usually with accompanying narrativization about its promise of benefit (thus making it “charitable” potentially).

Just as with externalities generally, the issue of charitability necessarily involves matters of the perception of complex interdependencies. The externality generally remains hidden or unspoken when negative, but made explicit (generally during the exercise of outlining marketable benefits in promotional activity) when they have positive effects. Organizational entities with major footprints may occasionally make explicit the benefits of their presence in a community by way of the provision of new jobs or new tax revenue as positive externalities from communities allowing them residence. The presence of this type of talk is strategic for such organizations because in absence of such narratives a community may decide to focus on all the costs such residence will cause for them, and as someone like Nassim Taleb would say, not differentiating between different type of organizations or scales of their organizations/activity would be quite unfortunate due to the differences in long term effects generally. With gifts there is often an equal necessity to make explicit the fact that something given or done is done in a charitable way. It transforms acts of maintaining supply chains open or inspiring new consumers suddenly to acts altruism or being good citizens. One needs this perception or confirmation of “intentionality” for the virtual associating of a “charitable” intention to the act.

What we perceive as “valuable” in the presence of something or what we perceive as “gift”, as we are starting to see, can proceed from two different sides. Material evaluations of acts or things produced or presented as corresponds to an existing internalized systems of valorization; or conversely, the recognition of the intention in the presentation of something which provokes a valuation or auto-valorization to novelly received objects. Something given to me is not easily placed in the category of gift (as immaterial evaluation). But if there’s a nicely tied “bow” on top or a PR statement announcing the act, any ambiguity about the nature of the given fades. It is intended as “gift”. Something given to me likewise is not always easily placed in the category of “value” (as material evaluation). But external assessments or external clamoring for the thing given changes my apprehension of it.

The Gift of the Externality

Without mentioning it specifically this entire discussion revolves around the interaction between one’s apprehension of an object and one’s territorialization. The Thing and how it is received. The first side of the connect is the one most familiar to us. It is summed up in question of “What IS the Gift?”, “What is Exchange?”, “What IS the externality?” The second side of the question is less familiar and as a whole changes the nature of the first question. This second side is less familiar with most people but has the potential to change the very nature of the first question. It can be posed as “How does this novel object-relation change me?” “What is created socially or ecosystemically by X transaction?” “What changes in your/my territorialization with the acceptance of this gift?”. In ethnological study one would historically speak of kinship strategy in terms of alliance and filiation. Models that could explain the social implications of acts of exchange. All acts of exchange pose risks and potential gains in resultant relational outcomes.

The externality presented by an exchange, a gift or transaction is such only in part because of the complexity of what produces it. The other side of the externality is such because of the complexity of those that receive said exchange, gift or transaction.

As Plato could possibly have said of the pharmakon, something can be both remedy and poison but nonetheless potentially useful, the nature of the externality in all cases depends on the externalities of the particular “gift”. Whether or not there is in fact a gift (a giving forth of something deemed to be of value) in this context becomes a question of relevance only to the material evaluation of the object and externality. The question implicated in the evaluation of territorialization becomes “What is valued by the resultant territorialization created in the exchange?”.

The gift of the externality is a moving target. It can be defined materially if it exists, but on for a subject that does not also become something else in a transaction.


Beauty Trends

4 min read

Dilated Pores and Oiliness... How to Purify My Skin?

11 March 2022

Dilated pores and shine bring displeasure and imperfections to the face. Think you've tried everything to get rid of them?

Enlarged pores and oily skin are the typical manifestation of an imbalance that leads to excessive sebum production and imperfections. Whether they are hormonal, environmental or physiological causes, fortunately, there are simple solutions to put an end to the recurring oiliness that makes us so uncomfortable. Yes, we love all skin types here, and we'll prove it to you!

What are the causes of enlarged pores and oily skin?

To understand why our skin begins to glow and our pores dilate generously, we first have to address the mechanisms of sebum production.

The epidermis is made up of tiny holes that allow it to breathe, to release transpiration and impurities, and to let sebum, a substance that forms a thin film on the skin's surface, pass through. How is sebum useful, besides the little tricks it plays on us before our period or after a nice packet of cookies? Let's not be unkind, sebum is indeed useful:

  • It allows the skin to maintain its water reserves. That is why the protective film of the epidermis is composed of both water and fat.
  • It is a natural barrier against dryness and external attacks (dust, pollution, wind, sun...).

When everything goes according to plan, the hydrolipid film in the epidermis takes on its protective role. So-called "normal" skin is possibly a little oilier in the "T" zone (the mid-face area). However, any factors can lead to excessive sebum production in the sebaceous glands.

This is where the imbalance happens and imperfections set in. This can be due to hormonal causes, adolescent disorders, an unbalanced diet, excessive stress, tobacco or pollution... Excess sebum production is also influenced by taking hormonal contraceptives.

Enlarged pores and an oily face: what to do?

Since it is not possible to run away from our skin, we will have to face the problem. Here's to us, oily face!

Desmaquilhe e limpe

Make-up and cleanse

Gentle, light formulas are preferred, adapted to skin with excess oil.

Excess sebum production leads to sensitization of the skin, which reacts excessively to aggressions. It is therefore preferable to use a micellar water adapted to the needs of oily and sensitive skin, such as our Purifying Micellar Water, based on copper and zinc. If you prefer a rinse-off product, try the Purifying Cleansing Gel.

From cleansing, we move on to a clay mask, the Purifying Express Mask. Clay is a natural solution against enlarged pores that, for thousands of years has proven, decrease the size of pores and gently purify the skin.

Using a Pure Active can help restore balance to your skin. Try Zinc Gluconate 3% Pure Active, to regulate excess sebum and purify the skin.

In addition to these essential steps, don't forget to moisturize your skin with a non-comedogenic (i.e. no fatty oils like coconut oil and shea butter) and mattifying moisturizer (ideally enriched with copper or zinc). We recommend the Matifying Gel, a light and fresh solution that keeps your skin matified for 8 hours!


#yegwx, — Aaron Talbot (@tibbitytalbs) August 15, 2018, No sky. But light, to me, remains an amazing mystery. This process is called Rayleigh scattering and is the same reason why sunsets are often lovely warm colours: with the sun low in the sky, sunlight passes through a thicker layer of the atmosphere which serves as a filter. At the time, scientists assumed the strange effect was caused by the volcanic dust. In a new study, scientists found that noctilucent clouds have an extraterrestrial link. People shared images on social media of a sky turned hazy orange by smoke … I mentioned in my blog that day that this was the result of smoke from wildfires, blowing in from BC (the main origin) and eastern Washington. Getty. This is the same spot… But a very different sky today. Took a look on radar... wow, there were some powerful cells dumping there last night! Tried to see if any aurora activity would be visible from Lake Forest Park (a long stretch given the forecast, urban light pollution and an obscured horizon.) #yeg #smoke, — Steven Sandor (@stevensandor) August 15, 2018, It looks like the apocalypse outside right now…#yeg #smoke #orangesky pic.twitter.com/pMVyv3AP37, — Colin Carriere (@ColinCarriere) August 15, 2018, #yeg #edmonton #bcwildfire https://t.co/1qKwb8w8z4 pic.twitter.com/Zdp2yhk2rh, Heading to work in #yeg today. Fletcher Kent reports. There was a problem. Other mysteries of these night-shining clouds have scientists scratching their heads, including why noctilucent clouds are brightening and spreading. "Noctilucent clouds might look alien, but they're telling us something very important about our own planet," Russell said. Why did smoke cause the a reddish sun? #smoke #nofilter #mytwose, A post shared by TELUS World of Science Edm (@twosedm) on Aug 15, 2018 at 10:27am PDT. New York, Orange sun shining through thick smoke in the air over southeast Edmonton on August 15, 2018. pic.twitter.com/pn0Pd7IyHe, — Nevin deMilliano (@SwiftChaser) August 15, 2018, Went to sleep playing Fallout 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatteringthis is a helpful link, check out the radar animation from 12:00 utc to 15:15 utc over Vancouver Island this morning (8/5) I've never seen a rotation like that, Hi Cliff,The UW probability forecast has seemed off lately--with predicted high temps seemingly higher than the NWS forecast, news organizations and actual high temps. (I haven't actually charted the data--so this could be impression error.....) Nancy. The dusty particles attach to water molecules that assemble into ice crystals in a process known as "nucleation.". READ MORE: More B.C. releases November 2020 coronavirus modelling data, More B.C. #yeg #yegwx pic.twitter.com/snQUFJnat0, — Nathan Martin (@Editwithmouse) August 15, 2018, Is this what waking up on Mars looks like? As a particle gets bigger and bigger it starts to behave more like a glass ball: almost all light goes through, very little sideways scatter. I don't like it. Good news for aurora fans:http://www.gedds.alaska.edu/auroraforecast/"Forecast:Auroral activity will be active. I mean, I guess it's intuitive but science doesn't proceed by intuition -- when short wavelength light encounters a particle that's about the same size as one cycle then it somehow can deflect (scatter) that light more easily than if the same light hit a larger particle...? Particles much smaller than light act like a radiating dipole. I think I saw a crow's head rotate and a person explode into a horde of demons. Please read our Commenting Policy first. Receive mail from us on behalf of our trusted partners or sponsors? San Francisco residents awoke on Wednesday to an orange sky, like something out of the apocalypse. "We've detected bits of 'meteor smoke' imbedded in noctilucent clouds," James Russell, an atmospheric scientist at Hampton University in Hampton, Va., said in a statement. Watch below: Global meteorologist Jesse Beyer has the weather forecast for Edmonton and surrounding areas for Wednesday, Aug. 15, 2018. "When methane makes its way into the upper atmosphere, it is oxidized by a complex series of reactions to form water vapor," Russell said. Inbetween there are some interesting physics known as Lorenz-Mie scattering. #yegwx #abstorm #apocalypticyeg pic.twitter.com/FobMp6a30G, — Karen Bartko (@KarenBartko) August 15, 2018, Can #yeg please turn off the Trump filter. This graphic shows how methane, a greenhouse gas, boosts the abundance of water at the top of Earth's atmosphere. Many regions were expected to reach a 10+ later Wednesday. “This process is called Rayleigh scattering and is the same reason why sunsets are often lovely warm colours: with the sun low in the sky, sunlight passes through a thicker layer of the atmosphere which serves as a filter. This water freezes around "meteor smoke" to form icy noctilucent clouds. No northern lights, but the lightning from the thunderstorms around Maple Valley was pretty impressive even from Seattle. PHOTOS: Bay Area Sky Turns Orange … The smoke is so thick you cannot see downtown today from 50th street footbridge. Rare and mysterious clouds that are so bright they can be seen at night have mystified people since they were first observed more than a century ago, but scientists have now discovered a key cosmic ingredient for these night-shining clouds: "smoke" from meteors as they burn up in the Earth's atmosphere. As Earth travels along its orbit, the planet scoops up material. #Smoke #yeg #yegwx #abstorm #apocalypticyeg pic.twitter.com/m6I4tC2wUG, — Global Edmonton (@GlobalEdmonton) August 15, 2018, Everyone in #YEG this morning: pic.twitter.com/geMKRdHwFc, I saw this posted somewhere else and had to do one too. In need of refurbishment. The poor air quality was expected to continue into Thursday. Backhouse noticed ghostly filaments glowing blue against the black sky. Based on AIM data, the researchers determined that ice crystals can grow around meteor dust to sizes of approximately 20 to 70 nanometers. Nucleation is common in Earth's lower atmosphere, where dust can act as similar gathering points for ice crystals, drops of water and snowflakes to grow around them. You will receive a verification email shortly. Methane has been found to increase the formation of noctilucent clouds. In these conditions, it's unusual for two water molecules to meet, let alone stick together. #yeg #yegbike #yeg pic.twitter.com/8oF4cx0oIq, — Andrew Bieman (@AndrewBieman) August 15, 2018. #yeg pic.twitter.com/RW5BCoOcWy, — Tyler Hardeman (@wunderbar) August 15, 2018, So what is it they say about yellow sky in the morning? I think it is something like "go back to bed". Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. So small particles scatter short wavelengths, and larger particles scatter longer wavelengths? Please deactivate your ad blocker in order to see our subscription offer. The sun is also dimmer, because the smoke scatters the light. The researchers say it is no coincidence that noctilucent clouds form within this region of meteor smoke. In 1885, about two years after the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa erupted, night sky observers around the world were treated to spectacular sunsets. Follow SPACE.com on Twitter @Spacedotcom. On Wednesday morning, large sections of the province were at a 10 or 10+ on the scale, including: Edmonton, Calgary, Airdrie, Bruderheim, Caroline, Elk Island, Genesee, Hinton, Redwater, and Bonnyville areas. Must pick up in Edmonton. — The Broke Girl Blog (@thebrokebloggr) August 15, 2018, I wish I could take a pic from my downtown office but it honestly feels like the middle of the night. Rainier Microclimates and Our Cooler Future. It’s what I imagine living on Venus would be like. pic.twitter.com/CQE4V2kVkf, — Steve Pauley (@stupac34) August 15, 2018, When you don’t have to use a sepia filter to make the sky look interesting #yegweather #yeg #yeglocal #filter #airindex #yegwx #smoke pic.twitter.com/QKlQwLsLNS, — Ninjadiver (@Ninjadiver2) August 15, 2018, It looks like the end of times outside…. Blue-white clouds that eerily glow in the twilight sky are called noctilucent clouds, or NLCs. According to Russell, the reason for this is climate change. Will accept trade offers. You’d be forgiven for thinking you’d woken up in a nuclear wasteland on Wednesday morning in Edmonton, where the sky was an eerie orange hue due to thick wildfire smoke that has drifted in from B.C. My lungs can tell. Our inner solar system is full of meteoroids ranging from huge chunks of rock to microscopic flecks of dust. They typically form about 50 to 53 miles (80 and 85 kilometers) above ground in the atmosphere, at altitudes so high that they reflect light even after the sun has slipped below the horizon. If so, noctilucent clouds could be an indicator for the presence of methane, one of the main greenhouse gases. #yeg #yegwx #smoke #Apocalypse pic.twitter.com/1aFa9VG4YE, — Cake Raptor (@Raptor_Chick) August 15, 2018, Today’s practice has been moved to the field house because we’ve seen the movie Silent Hill.

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5 Ways to Reduce Your Investment Risk

If you’re looking for a way to generate some additional income on the side, there are few better options than investing. It’s a perfect accompaniment to a fulltime job, as you can set up your investments and let the money trickle in.

But all investments come with some element of risk. You can be smart with your portfolio but you ultimately can never guarantee you aren’t going to lose money. It’s for this reason that many people don’t bother, as they see it as too dangerous and complicated to get started.

But with a well-managed portfolio and some caution, there are many ways to reduce your investment risk and look after your money. Here are a few tips to get you started.

5 Ways to Reduce Your Investment Risk - trading screen image
Image by Lorenzo Cafaro from Pixabay

Do your research

If you are only just getting into the investment game, it’s not wise to play fast and loose with your money. Too many reckless people invest too much too early on and end up losing it due to a lack of understanding about the mechanics of the process. Make sure you take some time to do your research before you get started. Speak to a financial advisor or find a mentor who can talk you through the finer details. Learn about the different types of investments such as cryptocurrency and stocks in order to understand the pros and cons of each. ONly once you understand the basics can you then consider parting with your money.

Know your risk tolerance

How much money can you afford to lose? Your risk tolerance is your ability to endure the risk of losing the capital you have invested. This will depend on a range of factors including your income, your financial obligations, and your demographics. For example, an unmarried single person in their twenties will have a higher risk tolerance than a 50-year-old investor with debts and children in education. By understanding your risk tolerance, you can use this information to seek out investments that deliver the best ratio of risk to reward.

Avoid extra charges

Some investments come with additional fees and charges that are not immediately obvious to those who are new to the game. To avoid this, make sure you do your research and find opportunities that don’t require additional expense. For example, if you’re foreign exchange trading, it’s useful to know that swap free accounts incur no interest charges.

Diversify your investments

You can reduce your risk by spreading it across multiple types of investment. This is known as diversifying your portfolio, and means you avoid putting all your eggs in one basket. If one investment loses you money, you have others to fall back on.

Start small

The key to successful investing is to start small and work your way up to the larger investments. As you gain more experience and learn more about the process, you will begin to reap the rewards and minimize your losses.

By following these five tips you will learn to reduce your investment risk and create a successful portfolio. Good luck with your money-making venture!


Advertising Maverick, Mr. Niteen Bhagwat conducted an engrossing masterclass for the students of School of Media & Communication at Whistling Woods International

Whistling Woods International’s (WWI) School of Media and Communication (SMC) hosted an interactive session for its students with Mr. Niteen Bhagwat, Vice Chairman, FCB Interface, Mumbai. During the session, Mr. Niteen Bhagwat shared insights on social media platforms and how to optimise them to the fullest to garner insights on consumer mindset and conduct research-based activities.
The industry veteran with more than three decades of experience explained to the student’s the usage of social media to conduct competition analysis across various sectors. Besides, Mr. Niteen Bhagwat, also, highlighted how social media can be used to gauge the reach of brands, celebrities and their effect on the audience at large.

During the session, Mr. Niteen Bhagwat elaborated on the domain of advertising. Through various campaign examples, he advised the students on how to ‘cut through the clutter’ while communicating with the target audience. He further described about the importance of research in disseminating the message to the consumer and went on to explain the effectiveness of media modelling as well to the engrossed students.

As the event concluded, Mr. Niteen Bhagwat was honoured with a token of appreciation amidst the applause of an appreciative audience.


Arc (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, an arc (symbol: ) is a closed segment of a differentiable curve. A common example in the plane (a two-dimensional manifold), is a segment of a circle called a circular arc. In space, if the arc is part of a great circle (or great ellipse), it is called a great arc.

Every pair of distinct points on a circle determines two arcs. If the two points are not directly opposite each other, one of these arcs, the minor arc, will subtend an angle at the centre of the circle that is less than π radians (180 degrees), and the other arc, the major arc, will subtend an angle greater than π radians.

Circular arcs

Length of an arc of a circle

The length (more precisely, arc length) of an arc of a circle with radius r and subtending an angle θ (measured in radians) with the circle center — i.e., the central angle — is

This is because

Substituting in the circumference

and, with α being the same angle measured in degrees, since θ = α/180π, the arc length equals

measure of angle in degrees/360° = L/circumference.

For example, if the measure of the angle is 60 degrees and the circumference is 24 inches, then

The upper half of a circle can be parameterized as

Then the arc length from to is

Arc sector area

The area of the sector formed by an arc and the center of a circle (bounded by the arc and the two radii drawn to its endpoints) is

The area A has the same proportion to the circle area as the angle θ to a full circle:

We can cancel π on both sides:

By multiplying both sides by r2, we get the final result:

Arc segment area

The area of the shape bounded by the arc and the straight line between its two end points is

To get the area of the arc segment, we need to subtract the area of the triangle, determined by the circle's center and the two end points of the arc, from the area . See Circular segment for details.

Arc radius

Consider the chord with the same endpoints as the arc. Its perpendicular bisector is another chord, which is a diameter of the circle. The length of the first chord is W, and it is divided by the bisector into two equal halves, each with length W/2. The total length of the diameter is 2r, and it is divided into two parts by the first chord. The length of one part is the sagitta of the arc, H, and the other part is the remainder of the diameter, with length 2r  H. Applying the intersecting chords theorem to these two chords produces

Parabolic arcs

See also

    • Table of contents for Math Open Reference Circle pages
    • Math Open Reference page on circular arcs With interactive animation
    • Math Open Reference page on Radius of a circular arc or segment With interactive animation
    • Weisstein, Eric W. "Arc". MathWorld.


Personality Disorder

What is Personality Disorder?

Types of Personality Disorders

Antisocial personality disorder: a pattern of disregarding or violating the rights of others. A person with antisocial personality disorder may not conform to social norms, may repeatedly lie or deceive others, or may act impulsively.

Avoidant personality disorder: a pattern of extreme shyness, feelings of inadequacy and extreme sensitivity to criticism. People with avoidant personality disorder may be unwilling to get involved with people unless they are certain of being liked, be preoccupied with being criticized or rejected, or may view themselves as not being good enough or socially inept.

Borderline personality disorder: a pattern of instability in personal relationships, intense emotions, poor self-image and impulsivity. A person with borderline personality disorder may go to great lengths to avoid being abandoned, have repeated suicide attempts, display inappropriate intense anger or have ongoing feelings of emptiness.

Dependent personality disorder: a pattern of needing to be taken care of and submissive and clingy behavior. People with dependent personality disorder may have difficulty making daily decisions without reassurance from others or may feel uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of fear of inability to take care of themselves.

Histrionic personality disorder: a pattern of excessive emotion and attention seeking. People with histrionic personality disorder may be uncomfortable when they are not the center of attention, may use physical appearance to draw attention to themselves or have rapidly shifting or exaggerated emotions.

Narcissistic personality disorder: a pattern of need for admiration and lack of empathy for others. A person with narcissistic personality disorder may have a grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement, take advantage of others or lack empathy.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfection and control. A person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may be overly focused on details or schedules, may work excessively not allowing time for leisure or friends, or may be inflexible in their morality and values. (This is NOT the same as obsessive compulsive disorder.)

Paranoid personality disorder: a pattern of being suspicious of others and seeing them as mean or spiteful. People with paranoid personality disorder often assume people will harm or deceive them and don’t confide in others or become close to them.

Schizoid personality disorder: being detached from social relationships and expressing little emotion. A person with schizoid personality disorder typically does not seek close relationships, chooses to be alone and seems to not care about praise or criticism from others.

Schizotypal personality disorder: a pattern of being very uncomfortable in close relationships, having distorted thinking and eccentric behavior. A person with schizotypal personality disorder may have odd beliefs or odd or peculiar behavior or speech or may have excessive social anxiety.


Researchers in hunt for early settlers of Ladakh – CASINOIN -Sports betting at the casinoin betting company,casinoin online betting, casinoin bookmaker line, casinoin bookmaker bonuses, casinoin bookmaker, casinoin bookmaker, casinoin sports betting, casinoin bookmaker, casinoin bookmaker,

Hyderabad: Is there really a snow man, popularly known in the folklore as Yeti inhabiting the Himalayan regions or is it a fantasy told over the years? Who were the first settlers in Ladakh region and how come the locals survive in such low oxygen and minus 40 degree Celsius temperatures? What is the origin of double humped camel in Ladakh, which is found nowhere else in India?

A team of researchers drawn from multiple scientific institutions from India including Hyderabad-based Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) have embarked on a journey to Himalayan region of Ladakh to understand and hopefully come-up with answers to questions that have remained a mystery for many Indians.

Close to 20 researchers drawn from Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Himalayan Institute of Archaeology and Allied Sciences (HIAAS), Leh University and CCMB are involved in understanding the local Himalayan biodiversity of plants and animals. The team is also in the process of analysing genetic footprints of the first settlers in Ladakh region.

The researchers have collected blood samples from the local Changpa tribal settlements, which can throw a new light on understanding the genetic make-up of individuals who are accustomed to live in very high altitudes for generations.

The researchers have also geo-tagged the local settlements and have collected water samples from the local hot spring areas in Ladakh and water samples from the famous Pangong lake, which is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem.

Apart from hunting for clues for the first settlers in the Himalayan region of Ladakh, the research team is also involved documenting genetic diseases and mutations, if any, among the local population.

The team, which will analyse the blood samples of the local population in BHU and CCMB, will also explore the role of genetics and the ability of local tribes to survive in minus 40 degree Celsius temperatures and low oxygen, and yet not afflicted by diseases.

Apart from looking for early settlers in Ladakh, the group will also strive to research and understand the genetic make-up of Bactrian Camel or double hump camels, which except for Ladakh, are nowhere else found in India. Unlike the normal camel species that thrive in hot and dry weather conditions of desert, the Bactrian camel species are found in Ladakh’s Nubra valley, which falls on the silk route where merchants from Central and South Asia would meet.

Author: Howard Caldwell


Typhoid fever

An infectious disease contracted by eating food or drinking water contaminated with the bacterium. Typhoid fever is spread by drinking water contaminated with sewage, by flies carrying the bacteria from faeces to food, or by infected people handling food. The 1st symptom, severe headache, occurs 7–14 days after infection and is followed by fever, loss of appetite, malaise, abdominal tenderness, constipation, and often delirium. Diarrhoea soon develops. In the 2nd week of illness, pink spots develop on the chest and abdomen, and the liver and spleen enlarge. Diagnosis is confirmed by a blood test or by obtaining a culture of typhoid bacteria from blood, faeces, or urine. Treatment is with antibiotic drugs. In rare cases, the bacterium continues to be excreted after recovery has taken place.


Business Overview

CHNR is proactively implementing strategic measures to deal with national natural resources crisis, especially the rarity and shortage of mineral resources due to their natural properties, monopolization and unsustainability, by investing substantial sums of capital to acquire reserves of natural resources.

Thanks to our close relationships with governmental organizations at different levels and various geological surveying institutes, CHNR is able to acquire high value-added exploration rights and mining projects at lower costs, thus consolidating our position in the resources industries. CHNR aims to become one of the leading private enterprises in the PRC which integrates the operations of mineral exploration, mining, and ore processing and trading in the field of metals.

CHNR is also seeking attractive opportunities in the healthcare sector in the PRC. Driven by an aging population, increasing disposable income, and rising health awareness and life expectancy, the PRC has become a major healthcare economy with sizable and steadily increasing healthcare expenditures. The relatively early stage of development and huge market potential provides fertile ground for our new expansion strategy in the healthcare industry.

With the advantage of competent management team, enhanced by controlling shareholder’s rich experience and resources in investing in the healthcare industry and strong government relations through track record in mergers and acquisitions in the PRC, we are confident that CHNR can execute on its strategy and achieve next phase of growth by recruiting high caliber healthcare merger team and acquiring healthcare projects with splendid return.

CHNR will also continue to explore other non-natural resources business opportunities to contribute to revenues and enhance shareholder value.


What is the Nature of Eigenvector?

By Xah Lee. Date:

What is [ Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ] [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors ]?

An eigenvector of a square matrix A is a non-zero vector v that, when the matrix is multiplied by v, yields a constant multiple of v, the multiplier being commonly denoted by λ. That is:

A v = λ v

The number λ is called the eigenvalue of A corresponding to v.

here's a funtional style of description.

eigenvector and eigenvalue are special elements associated with some linear function of vector space.

Let f:𝕍→𝕍 be a linear function on vector space 𝕍. A eigenvector of f is any none-zero element v in 𝕍 such that

f[v] == λ*v

for some constant λ. λ is called the eigenvalue for the eigenvector v.

here's a illustration of eigenvector.

The preimage and image of a linear transformation on a polar grid by the matrix {{3,-2},{1,0}}. The matrix has two independent eigenvectors {1,1} and {2,1}, indicated by blue lines. Their significance is that points on those lines will remain on those lines.

eigenvector is also called characteristic vector because it characterize the linear function.

not all linear function has eigenvectors. For example, rotation around origin (on 2D vectors) is a linear function, but doesn't have eigenvector. See also: Nature of Linear Transformation .


When it comes to your wellness and fitness goals the best way to achieve a successful outcome is to plan properly. Abraham Lincoln supposedly said, “Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I’ll spend the first 5 sharpening the ax”. There is actually NO record of him ever saying this, but nonetheless the point of the adage is that being prepared lends to a more successful fitness journey. So what are 4 of the most important things you want to leverage for your fitness journey?

SMART Goals stands for SPECIFIC, MEASURABLE, ATTAINABLE, REALISTIC, and TIMELY. Personal trainers and nutritionists regularly employ this technique while developing fitness routines or nutrition programs with clients. It helps to create clear goals, with specific target dates. It also allows for introspection and checks and balances that help develop goals that make sense and are actually important enough to continually motivate clients through their journey. Setting goals that can be measured also reduces any ambiguity while helping to make proper, and expected, adjustments throughout the journey. Proper goal-setting technique suggests that an individual sets many different short and long-term goals (Franken, 2007), the SMART framework is a very useful tool to do just that.

2. Community

A sense of belonging, healthy competition, reciprocity, guidance, and plain old fun (Gaukstern, NASM), all great reasons to find a community of like-minded people to share your fitness journey with. A large body of anthropological, psychological, and sociological research has proven that humans are herding animals and require a strong community for basic physical needs as well as a healthy mental state (Franken, 2007). Whether an individual finds a fitness class, hikes with their friend, or hires a personal trainer, they are much more likely to have success in all of their wellness pursuits.

3. Dedicated Space

Not everyone has the luxury of a health club in their neighborhood or a basement with extra space, but a dedicated space can be anything including a small space at the office, or an unused meeting room in the clubhouse, or even the space behind your couch. Whatever the case, what’s important is that an individual has declared that space as their exercise or wellness area. Research from behavioral sciences has shown that the way an individual perceives a physical environment can greatly affect their performance and actions. Sometimes all that takes is a shift in perception. Sometimes it means spending some time and investing in proper fitness equipment or even a full gym design. Whatever the case, much like using SMART goals to plan actions, a specific and dedicated space will provide for a more successful fitness journey.

4. Guidance

This can sometimes be the most daunting aspect of starting or following through with any lifestyle or habit change. “Where do I start?” The good news is at the tip of my fingers I can find all the guidance I could ever want. The hard part is knowing what info to trust. More good news, as long as it doesn’t hurt, almost any exercise is good exercise. Experiment, leverage your community, find referrals for fitness professionals, or try out any of the many digital guidance platforms that are available to you. There is no one right way for anybody so the best thing to do is try it all, take the parts you like, and then look for even more. Consistency matters the most so make sure it’s something you enjoy (Franken, 2007) and share with as many people as possible.

These 4 tools can help anyone to be successful in their fitness journey. Plan properly by setting good goals, finding workout partners, dedicating a space to your wellness activities, and seeking out guidance from any and all corners of the fitness and wellness industry.


Venture Catalysts is a 501c3 non-profit that builds inclusive ecosystems through creating optimized connections between ecosystem players, resources and programs. Venture Catalysts provides strategic consulting for large scale entrepreneurship events and growth programs.

Venture Catalysts cultivates partnerships with local and national ecosystem players. Company programs focus on increasing innovation, acceleration, investment or revenue for participating companies and entrepreneurs. Venture Catalysts has had over 30,000 people in attendance and earned an audience reach of over 100 million through design and management of key executions including the Catalyst Program, Detroit Startup Week, Startup Boost and the innovation hub.


No simple fix for climate solutions

Gas station pump. Man filling gasoline fuel in green car holding nozzle. Close up.

The unfortunate and catastrophic weather events that have happened in regions of British Columbia in November have highlighted two things succinctly: 1) that climate change will have devastating impacts on our country, and we must act to mitigate it, and 2) in the face of the floods, it has been made abundantly clear how important petroleum products and fuel supply are to our day-to-day functioning, and our economy.

We saw industries and towns on the brink of collapse, and our supply chains tested like never before. We also saw communities and industry come together, and work faster and more efficiently to help the people of British Columbia.

CIPMA, for example, engaged near daily with government officials provincially and federally to review supply chain impacts and worked to ensure products could be delivered to work toward recovery.

So, with the obvious tension between our climate goals, and our current dependence on oil and gasoline, how do we alleviate the polarization of an industry that can help Canadians achieve target emissions?

There isn’t one simple answer, but the key lies in being open to a myriad of solutions, none that alienate a specific industry or sector. Some recommendations from CIPMA include:

Refocus on renewables

Somewhere along the mix, renewable fuel mandates have been pushed to the wayside. The research is clear. Renewable fuels significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the potential to increase ethanol content in fuel is significant.

For example, our gasoline typically has 8% ethanol in it, unless you are buying premium. Many vehicles have the potential to process 15% ethanol or higher. Flex-fuel vehicles can use 85% ethanol in gasoline.

The future of renewables, in gasoline and diesel, needs to be prioritized and adopted as a means to reduce our emissions, and offer Canadians choices in how they do so.

Research, research, research

As we work toward our climate goals, it’s clear that we do objective research to inform industry decisions. This is why CIPMA is a proud founding member of the Canadian Transportation Alliance (

Through the alliance, industry will come together to commission research on the sector at large, including a look at consumer expectations and needs as we make the climate transition.

We are currently engaged in a significant research endeavour, focused on how we achieve net-zero with the resources and sectors we have today, including electricity and hydrogen.

This will be the first piece of research that looks holistically at our targets, rather than focusing on a specific sector’s capability to reduce emissions without factoring in other sectors and the role they can play in a connected and integrated manner.

Collaboration is key

It’s abundantly clear that an energy transition is happening. CIPMA supports this, and in fact, considers itself a key player in how this evolves to support a better and brighter future, where our carbon outputs are greatly reduced.

We must all align and act together. We cannot afford to keep reacting to natural disasters and weather events, without putting a proactive planning approach together. Canadians deserve that.

Originally published in the January/February issue of OCTANESubscribe today!

Jennifer Stewart president and CEO CIPMA supplied

Jennifer Stewart is and CEO of the Canadian Independent Petroleum Marketers Association, is a national not-for-profit trade association representing the unique interests of its members. CIPMA members are the backbone of Canada’s fuel supply, distribution and marketing industry. Stewart also spearheads the Canadian Transportation Alliance (CTA), a non-advocacy, non-partisan, not-for-profit organization that aims to deliver objective, fact-based, third-party research to help educate government bodies, consumers, and business stakeholders on a variety of issues affecting the Canadian transportation market.


Available in select locations

FMCSA 34 Hour Restart Rule-Your Guide to Understanding

Date of publish: 02/24/2022
Author: Katie Dobrogorskaya

34 Hour Restart Rule Guidelines

In July 2013, the FMCSA implemented the 34-hour reset guidelines for drivers to maintain safety standards throughout a 60-70 hour workweek. Over time, these guidelines have changed. The last significant change occurred in 2015 when the FMCSA altered two rules. Previously, drivers were required only to allow one 34-hour reset for every 168 hours. A 34-hour reset can occur anytime in the middle of the workweek, as long as the 34 hour period contains two segments between 1 am and 5 am.

What is the 34 Hour Restart?

The 34-hour reset rule follows the guidelines set in place by the FMCSA with the Hours-of-Service regulations. Many drivers need to reset their 60-70 hour clock quickly, and following the 34-hour reset rule is the quickest way to do just that. This rule allows drivers to take their 34 hour time period in the sleeper berth and off-duty.

Is the 34-hour restart mandatory?

While the 34-hour reset rule is the recommended guideline for a safe driver reset, it is not mandatory. The required rest period for drivers is wholly based upon employer requirements.

How to avoid a 34-hour restart?

There are three primary exceptions to the 34-hour reset. These three exceptions do not count towards a driver’s HOS logs. Understanding how to record driver hours correctly will help employers determine when a 34-hour reset is necessary for drivers. The three primary exclusions from driver’s HOS logs are Personal Conveyance, Short-Haul Drives, and Yard Moves.

Personal Conveyance is considered an off-duty time for drivers. Personal Conveyance is utilized when drivers are using company vehicles for personal transportation. While the drive time will still be recorded, it will not contribute to the HOS and count in determining if a 34-hour break is required.

Short-Haul drives include any drives happening within a 100 air-mile radius. Drivers that stay within the 100-mile radius may be eligible to track hours rather than miles, meaning they are not required to follow the HOS regulations.

Yard moves are one of the driving categories the FMCSA has outlined as an exemption from the HOS rules. If drivers are moving vehicles to a different location within the yard or job site, this drive time does not contribute to the hours logged and won’t impact a driver’s available work time.

Can you use personal Conveyance during a 34-hour restart?

Personal Conveyance is considered “off-duty” time for drivers. Due to this classification, any time spent logged under personal Conveyance can be counted during the 34-hour restart.

How to do a 34-hour restart:

Drivers must utilize their ELD to maintain accurate records of all driving codes to determine when a 34-hour reset may be necessary. The 34-hour reset does not have to take place at a driver’s home, as many believe; instead, it can take place anywhere that is convenient. Within the required off-duty and sleeper-berth times, two periods must be logged between 1 am, and 5 am.

How often do you have to do a 34-hour restart?

According to the Hours-of-Services guidelines established by the FMCSA, a driver may not work for more than 60/70 hours in a 7 or 8-day time span. This guideline is in addition to the 14-hour driving limit after ten consecutive hours off-duty. Once a driver reaches the 60/70 hour mark, a 34-hour reset must take place to restart the workweek.

34 Hour restart example:

If a driver follows the 60/70 hour rule and works the allowed 14 hours for five straight days, the driver will have been on duty for the allowed 70 hours and not drive again until after the consecutive eight-day period. However, if the carrier company will enable drivers to utilize the 34-hour restart provision, the driver’s time clock would automatically reset to 0 after taking the 34 hours of required off time. Each time a driver completes a 34-hour restart, their 7 or 8 day week begins again.

Professional truck driver training in South Carolina, Oklahoma and Georgia

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Dicks Total Debt vs Trade and Non Trade Payables Analysis

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Symbol  DKS
Name  Dicks Sporting Goods
Country   United States
Exchange  NYSE

Indicator Description

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Pair Trading with Dicks Sporting

One of the main advantages of trading using pair correlations is that every trade hedges away some risk. Because there are two separate transactions required, even if Dicks Sporting position performs unexpectedly, the other equity can make up some of the losses. Pair trading also minimizes risk from directional movements in the market. For example, if an entire industry or sector drops because of unexpected headlines, the short position in Dicks Sporting will appreciate offsetting losses from the drop in the long position's value.

Moving together with Dicks Sporting

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The ability to find closely correlated positions to Dicks Sporting could be a great tool in your tax-loss harvesting strategies, allowing investors a quick way to find a similar-enough asset to replace Dicks Sporting when you sell it. If you don't do this, your portfolio allocation will be skewed against your target asset allocation. So, investors can't just sell and buy back Dicks Sporting - that would be a violation of the tax code under the "wash sale" rule, and this is why you need to find a similar enough asset and use the proceeds from selling Dicks Sporting Goods to buy it.
The correlation of Dicks Sporting is a statistical measure of how it moves in relation to other equities. This measure is expressed in what is known as the correlation coefficient, which ranges between -1 and +1. A perfect positive correlation (i.e., a correlation coefficient of +1) implies that as Dicks Sporting moves, either up or down, the other security will move in the same direction. Alternatively, perfect negative correlation means that if Dicks Sporting Goods moves in either direction, the perfectly negatively correlated security will move in the opposite direction. If the correlation is 0, the equities are not correlated; they are entirely random. A correlation greater than 0.8 is generally described as strong, whereas a correlation less than 0.5 is generally considered weak.
Correlation analysis and pair trading evaluation for Dicks Sporting can also be used as hedging techniques within a particular sector or industry or even over random equities to generate a better risk-adjusted return on your portfolios.
Pair CorrelationCorrelation Matching
Continue to Investing Opportunities. You can also try Portfolio Rebalancing module to analyze risk-adjusted returns against different time horizons to find asset-allocation targets.

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Is Dicks Sporting's industry expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of Dicks Sporting. If investors know Dicks will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about Dicks Sporting listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.
The market value of Dicks Sporting Goods is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Dicks that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of Dicks Sporting's value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is Dicks Sporting's true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because Dicks Sporting's market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect Dicks Sporting's underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.
Please note, there is a significant difference between Dicks Sporting's value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine Dicks Sporting value by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Dicks Sporting's price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.


Life Quote Meaning

Do you remember as a child what you wanted to be when you grew up? Perhaps, an astronaut, singer, a super hero or join the Police force. You played dress up games and acted out your dream future, but now as an adult your dreams lie in the dust, or for a few your dreams became a reality.

Influenced by television, video games, parents and teachers, or someone you admired like a doctor or nurse who helped you, you began to choose. As you grew older these experiences influenced more choices, such as which college you went to, or which first step of your career ladder you stepped on. But did you make the right choice?

How do you know? I suggest you search your soul and ask questions. Are you happy working or doing what you do each day? Have you since developed talents such as painting, writing or perhaps excel as a sport. These newer talents may be more appealing than your day job, and you’ve developed new dreams.

I’m not suggesting leaving your present job or role as mother, but it is worth exploring your new dreams. Perhaps you can try various types of work by coaching or offering your services to a nonprofit organization. Reading books and listening to audios by people who already have the lifestyle you aspire to can be helpful. It’s never too late to embark on a new career, to change your life around one hundred and sixty degrees. Become a different person.

You have this time on the planet for a reason, a purpose, and you could discover your purpose by inquiry. Perhaps meditate on various types of lifestyles that appeal to you. For instance I recently read a book about a nurse who by moving location started to care for hospice patients. This wasn’t something she thought she would like, in fact just the opposite, she hated the idea. But over time she felt a remarkable compassion for the dying and a feeling of fulfillment as she cared for them during their last weeks or days of life. I think she found her purpose for living, how about you?

Taking time-out to reevaluate your life is essential to leave the one you planned and find the one you waiting for you.


5 Work Skills

Even in the rapidly changing IT job market, software developers still have maximum demand, especially full-stack professionals with advanced skills. In fact, 38 percent of recruiting managers say hiring full-pile developers is a priority, and employers are willing to pay an average of $ 13,762 more for technologists who have a wide variety of skills in this space. In fact, there is more room for the walk with Gartner who calls the distributed cloud the next generation of cloud computing. Programming and design of artificial intelligence are two more skills of the 21st century that increase your chances of a well-paid job in an exciting industry. What was once science fiction fantasy has become the driving force behind the greatest innovations in computers, gaming, defense, customer service, healthcare and the automotive industry. There you have it; These are the best skills on request in 2021 on the current labor market that will significantly increase your career.

The front end engineer is his best job number 1, the Java developer is number 2, the software engineer is number 7, etc. Some of the blockchain skills you need to know are networks, cryptographic computing, database design and programming high income skills languages ranging from Java, JavaScript and C ++ to Go, Solidarity and Python. The most requested cloud computing skills are Amazon Web Services, Java, Linux, software development, DevOps, Docker and Infrastructure as a Service .

Our programs offer this unique element to every participant in our Professional Certificate programs who gain experience working in international multifunctional teams to develop a prototype of a digital product. Technology companies around the world are looking for a lot of experience in international multifunctional teams. By clearly communicating with team members around the world and in multiple time zones, organizations can operate more effectively and efficiently. How digital transformation is essential for all organizations in the digital economy, Digital business analysis skills have become the most popular skills on your resume in the 21st century.

In an ideal setting, data scientists build the models and supply them to an engineering operations team that will implement and maintain the models. Anand Rao, the world leader in artificial intelligence at PwC, said another sign of AI’s movement towards the mainstream is the growing need for operational talent to support machine learning projects. “In 2021, we expect a strong increase in demand for technical talent with unique skills that includes both DevOps and security operations,” he said. One of the most important sets of security skills in 2021 is knowledge of platform-specific security tools in the cloud.” Preliminary work data shows that machine learning was the most popular skill in 2016. The researchers said that with companies obtaining huge amounts of data, the demand for machine learning specialists who can build adaptive algorithms and extract the value of this new data is increasing.

Every company or company needs a sales team to market its products or services and a team of customer service professionals to handle any questions and complaints from customers. You must have the best technical skills to make a place for yourself in the brutally competitive technology industry. The demand for skills in the technical industry changes from time to time, so it is important to know what current skills are on request. In this article, I explained the industry’s most demanding technological skills today and the potential for future demand. And finally, I can say that an exciting and satisfying race awaits anyone who has mastered these hot skills. Technology companies, and indeed all organizations in the digital economy, realize that digital skills are essential for employees in the digital age.

Data analysis has always been one of the most important skills in the labor market used by all companies and companies. Large companies such as Facebook and other social media platforms also rely on data to run their business. If you have this option, you can get a job as an analyst for data management, data scientist and data science specialist.

In recent years, a large number of companies have changed their entire physical infrastructure into cloud services such as AWS, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud. Cloud computing is here to stay and deserves to be on the list of highest paid skills in 2021. Project management is certainly not exclusively desirable for technology companies, but it is an essential part of the timely and cost-effective development of digital products and services.

To make this list, we present data from our network of over 660 million professionals and over 20 million jobs to reveal the 15 most important and softest skills. More specifically, we look at the skills that are most in demand in relation to the supply of people with those skills. These are global rankings, but we only have cities with 100,000 LinkedIn members or more. Software developers are responsible for designing, developing, installing, testing and maintaining software systems. The task requires encryption, design and creation of mobile applications, websites or applications, working with multiple programming languages such as C #, C ++, HTML, Java, Microsoft .NET and SQL Server. Developers must be able to understand customer requirements and make recommendations to improve web, software and mobile applications to ensure they meet user needs.

Project management can be an incredibly rewarding role and the skills acquired are extremely valuable in uncertain times. For example, some of the key skills for project managers are managing and managing teams while remaining focused on achieving set goals. These are skills that can be applied to a number of other roles if you ever want to get away from project management in the future. The role of an IT project manager generally pays well with an average British salary of £ 55,000. As with external and IT support jobs, the pandemic has only fueled the need for people with cybersecurity. Cyber security is incredibly important for all companies, especially those dealing with customer data.

You need a diverse set of technical skills to qualify for an attractive job as an RPA developer, RPA solutions architect, RPA analyst or RPA solutions champion. For example, in addition to knowledge of business processes, process mapping and communication skills, RPA developers often need to know Microsoft’s .NET Framework, which is used to build RPA platforms. It also helps to know languages like Visual Basic .NET, SQL, CSS, HTML, Python and JavaScript. Since data science is a human quest, soft skills such as communication, critical thinking, curiosity and business insight are just as important as hard technology qualities. Almost all companies have been involved in digital transformation to provide customers with competitive digital experiences. They need people with product management skills to tailor their products and services to their own digital experience.


from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Reasons for justification are permissions which, in exceptional cases, permit prohibited actions in individual cases.

civil right

In the area of tort law , the legislature has regulated the liability for damages for unlawful acts. Here, too, as in criminal law, the unlawfulness of the act is indicated by the realization of the offense . The factuality is excluded if justification reasons intervene. The law of tort is based on all justification grounds of the legal system. However, since the main concern is the restitution of damage, there is sometimes an obligation to pay compensation for the damage caused in the emergency situation.

Public law

According to the rule of law , people are granted basic rights in the form of human and civil rights. These are designed as the citizens' rights of defense against the state. The granting of these rights cannot, however, be unlimited. Rather, the state intervenes in these rights in many ways through its actions. However, these interventions must be justified and consequently require a justification. Under constitutional law, the fundamental rights are given concrete form through their so-called barriers , usually through laws. This limit is referred to as a legal reservation or - more strictly - a parliamentary reservation. In principle, the constitution itself is also suitable for formulating barriers. These barriers are so-called "constitutional" barriers. As a third barrier, the fundamental rights of others come into consideration (so-called "constitutional" barriers). If two fundamental rights that restrict one another have to be weighed against each other, this is done according to the principle of so-called practical concordance .

Criminal law

According to the German three-tier structure of the offense (in the sense of the lesson or lesson of action in criminal law, which were not only occasionally or previously ), the violation of a criminal law (the so-called factuality) alone does not constitute the criminal liability of the offender. Rather, the illegality of the act is ruled out as early as the second important examination stage if the perpetrator has a reason to justify it. Injustice is not committed if the perpetrator can rely on such a justification.

German criminal law knows numerous reasons for justification, which are not listed exhaustively. Although these are substantive regulations, they are not compulsory in the penal code , but are partly regulated in the BGB and other civil law codes; Reasons for justification can also arise from customary law , as they intervene in favor of the offender.

All justification reasons have in common that they are objectively present when a certain danger, an attack or some other damaging event is to be averted. Subjectively, it is necessary that the perpetrator who invokes the justification also acts with the will to avert this danger or the attack. If the offender does not have a will to defend himself or to rescue himself, the offense is considered illegal and the offender is punished. It is a matter of dispute how the perpetrator should be punished.

Legal consequences

One view includes the fact that the outcome of the crime is at least objectively in line with the legal system in determining the sentence. This opinion sticks to the illegality of the act in the absence of a subjective will to defend itself and punishes it for the correlated act of intent or negligence .

Another view uses the basics of attempted criminality to find a solution. In the context of §§ 22 ff StGB , a distinction is made between the wrong to act and the wrong to succeed. Since the attempt did not result in the offense, the wrongdoing also does not apply. According to §§ 22 and 23 Paragraph 2 i. V. m. 49 StGB are punished more leniently, because in a criminal attempt only the wrongdoing is punished. Applied to the lack of a will to defend, this means that the perpetrator acts unlawfully (wrong to act), but the success of the act is not unlawful or culpable due to the objective prerequisites for a justification or excuse, and therefore the wrong to succeed does not apply. As a consequence, this view draws the conclusion that if there is no will to defend, but otherwise objective conditions exist, the act can be punished like an attempt. The perpetrator consequently makes himself liable for attempting the act if it is an act of intent. If an act of negligence is the basis, the existence of the objective grounds for justification or apology is sufficient for a justification or apology , since there is no attempt at an act of negligence.

The second view is followed, as it takes into account the system of wrongdoing and wrongdoing of the Criminal Code, which is also the basis for attempted criminality.

Reasons for justification Germany (sample catalog)

No justification

The error about the actual existence of a reason for justification is the permissibility error .


Can you cook Cumberland sausages in a pan?

How long do you cook Cumberland sausage pan?

Cooking Instructions

To Grill – Place under a pre-heated medium to hot grill for 14-16mins, turning occasionally. To Fry – Heat a little oil in a frying pan. Gently fry on a medium heat for 14-16 minutes, turning occasionally.

Can you cook sausages in a frying pan?

To cook sausages by frying, heat 1 tbsp oil in a frying pan. Cook the sausages gently in the oil for 10-12 minutes, until thoroughly cooked, turning frequently. Sausages can also be baked in the oven (a good method to use if you’re cooking something else in the oven).

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How do you cook butchers Cumberland sausages?

Before cooking, preheat oven to 190°C/ Fan 170°C/ Gas 5. Remove all packaging and place sausages on a baking tray on the middle shelf of the oven. Cook in the center of the oven for 25 – 30 minutes, turning half way through. Before serving ensure food is piping hot throughout, and no pink colour remains.

How do you cook Cumberland?

How to cook Cumberland Swirls Sausage

  1. Remove your sausages out of the packaging and pat dry any moisture.
  2. Gently heat your heavy based non-stick frying pan, we must not get too hot otherwise the bangers will explode when cooking.
  3. Brush the non stick fry pan with the finest film of oil possible.

How do you cook Cumberland sausage on the BBQ?

Season to taste and keep warm. Meanwhile, brush the sausage rings with a little oil and barbecue directly over a medium heat for 10-12 minutes, turning halfway, until nicely browned. Turn off the middle burner or rearrange the coals to either side of the grate and cook for a further 5-6 minutes.

What’s in Cumberland sausages?

Cumberland sausage is typically filled with chopped or coarsely minced pork, to which is added pepper, thyme, sage, nutmeg and cayenne, and some rusk as a binder. The meat content is usually 85–98%.

How do you pan fry sausages without burning them?

Three steps to perfect sausages

  1. To ensure the sausages cook through without the outside burning, poach in simmering water for 8 minutes. Drain. …
  2. To make them golden, cook in a frying pan over medium heat until light brown. Don’t pierce or they can become dry. …
  3. Increase heat to high.
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What is the best way to cook sausages?

The correct way to cook sausages

  1. Bring the sausages to room temperature before cooking. …
  2. Don’t prick them. …
  3. Heat a heavy-based frying pan on a low to medium heat. …
  4. Add around a teaspoon of fat to the frying pan. …
  5. Place the sausages in the pan. …
  6. Remove the sausages from the pan and allow them to rest for a few minutes. …
  7. Serve.

How do I pan fry Hungarian sausage?

Can I boil Cumberland sausages?

Place Sausages in cold slightly salted water and bring to the boil on a low heat. Once the water starts to bubble turn off and leave for 2 mins. This is a good way to prepare Sausages for barbecues in advance.

How many calories are in a Cumberland sausage from Asda?

There are 142 calories in 1 sausage of Asda Cumberland Sausages.

How do I cook sausages in the oven?

How to cook sausages in the oven (baked sausages)

  1. Preheat oven to 220C/200C fan forced. Line a baking dish with baking paper.
  2. Place sausages in the lined dish. Bake, turning once, for 20-25 minutes or until golden and cooked through.
  3. Serve sausages with mash and salad.

What’s in Lincolnshire sausages?

  • British pork, coarse cut, minimum meat content 70%
  • Maximum fat content 25%
  • Breadcrumbs/bread rusk.
  • Sage, salt and pepper.
  • Natural pork casings (or sheep casings, for chipolata-style sausages)
  • Sulphite preservative (to 450 ppm maximum)
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How many calories are in a Cumberland sausage?

Calories 127 (531 kJ)
Saturated Fat 3.1 g 15%
Carbohydrate 4.9 g
Sugars 1 g
Fibre 0.6 g


What can I cook in the PowerXL air fryer?

What is the most popular food cooked in an air fryer?

French fries are arguably the most popular thing to cook in an air fryer. Air fryers use a fraction of the oil as deep-frying, and making French fries in them result in an appreciably crisp exterior and fluffy inside without the greasiness.

What foods can I cook in an air fryer?

What to cook in an air fryer? 7 things that are better air-fried

  1. Delicious burgers and patties. …
  2. French fries. …
  3. Reheated leftovers. …
  4. Frozen chicken goujons. …
  5. Crispy bacon. …
  6. A succulent roast chicken. …
  7. Crispy roast potatoes.

What should you not cook in an air fryer?

5 Things You Should Never Cook in an Air Fryer

  • Battered foods. Unless the food is pre-fried and frozen, you’ll want to avoid placing wet batter in the air fryer. …
  • Fresh greens. Leafy greens like spinach will cook unevenly due to the high-speed air. …
  • Whole roasts. …
  • Cheese. …
  • Raw grains.
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Can you put aluminum foil in an air fryer?

Yes, you can use aluminum foil in an air fryer, as long as you use it safely, and avoid covering critical components of your machine that could cause uneven cooking and even damage. Be sure to use a small amount to cover the bottom of your basket, or wrap your food with it.

Can you put raw meat in Airfryer?

Fortunately or unfortunately, you can cook raw meat in an air fryer. Per Air Fryer Market, you can cook anything in an air fryer, even a full chicken. However, fitting a full chicken in most air fryers may prove a challenge.

Can I toast bread in my air fryer?

How to make Air Fryer Toast. Pick your favorite bread and how many slices of toast you would like to make. Place each slice of bread flat in the basket, or on the baking rack, in a single layer. Air fry at 400° Fahrenheit for 4-6 minutes, until toast is golden brown.

Can u air fry pizza?

Yes! Reheating your pizza in an air fryer is so much better than using a microwave and way quicker than using the oven. Add it to a preheated air fryer at 320F and cook for 4 to 5 minutes. It will come out perfectly crispy like it’s just been made.

Can aluminum foil go in Cuisinart air fryer?

Yes, you can put aluminum foil and parchment paper into most air fryers. … Make sure you keep reading to learn everything about putting these things into your Cuisinart air fryer!

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Can bacon be cooked in an air fryer?

Bacon is safe to cook in the air fryer, but you need to make sure that you use the proper temperature and that your air fryer is clean before you begin. The best bacon air fryer temperature is 350 degrees F. This will crisp the bacon without causing it to smoke or burn.

Where do you put the oil in an air fryer?

Can you fry eggs in an Airfryer?

Fried egg in the air fryer can be cooked quick and it’s so simple. Over easy, medium or hard, these fried eggs can be made to your preference. Keep reading to learn this simple cooking method. The air fryer is a great way to cook up many breakfast foods like cinnamon rolls, bacon, hard boiled eggs and even biscuits.

Can you pop popcorn in a power air fryer?

Place the popcorn into the lined air fryer basket. Try to make sure the kernels aren’t on top of each other – a flat palette of single kernels is best. Place the basket into your air fryer and cook at 400ºF (205ºC) for 5 minutes. Cook until you no longer hear kernels popping.

Can I put paper towel in air fryer?

Can parchment paper be used in air fryer?

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Your question: Can you cook Chiko rolls in a Airfryer?

Traditionally they are deep-fried but can be cooked in the oven or air fryer. The air fryer is great for cooking Chiko rolls as you do not need to use much oil to get it crispy. It will also have your meal cooked in less than twenty minutes.

How long do I cook frozen Chiko rolls in air fryer?

It is less greasy and less time to cook. All you need to do is put the frozen Chiko Roll in the air fryer for about 15 minutes. And you can even make it extra crispier too.

How do you cook frozen Chiko rolls?

Preparation Instructions:

  1. Preheat oil to 180Â°C2. Cook frozen Chiko Rolls for 10 minutes. PAN FRY1. Preheat 5mm of oil in fry pan and heat to a medium to high temperature (180Â°C).
  2. Cook frozen Chiko Rolls for 20 minutes, turning every 5 minutes.

Can you air fry frozen Chiko rolls?

Place the frozen Chiko Roll in the air fryer basket. Cook for 11 minutes.

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Can you put dim sims in the air fryer?

Preheat the air fryer to 200°C (390°F). Add the dim sims into the air fryer basket. Lightly coat the dim sims with some oil. Cook for 15 minutes or until golden brown.

Are Chiko Rolls Australian?

The Chiko Roll is an Australian savoury snack invented by Frank McEncroe, inspired by the Chinese spring roll and first sold in 1951 as the “Chicken Roll” despite not actually containing chicken. The snack was designed to be easily eaten on the move without a plate or cutlery.

Are Chiko rolls fattening?

With 1600 kilojoules each, 18 grams of fat and 1100mg of sodium, the Chiko Roll is a definite no-no. There are less fattening ways of being patriotic.

How do you deep fry a Chiko Roll?

Heat over high heat. Deep-fry spring rolls, in batches, turning, for 5 minutes or until golden. Transfer to paper towel to drain. Serve with tomato sauce.

How do you PreHeat an air fryer?

How to PreHeat an Air Fryer?

  1. Set the temperature at which you are cooking the food. Or at the temperature that the recipe states.
  2. Click “on” and let the air fryer heat for 3-5 minutes. We suggest 2 minutes for small air fryers less than 3 qts. And for larger air fryers, we suggest about 5 minutes.

How long do you air fry chicken nuggets?

Air Fry at 400 degrees for 8 minutes, Flip the chicken nuggets over and continue to cook for an additional 2-4 minutes or until the nuggets are fully cooked and slightly crispy on the outside. Serve with your favorite dipping sauce.

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Can you air fry siomai?

Yes! You can use your air fryer to “fry” the siomai that you have in your freezer. The best part: It can be crispy! Just like you can “fry” French fries and chicken nuggets straight from your freezer to the air fryer, siomai and other frozen dumplings can also be “fried’ in the air fryer instead of steaming these.

Can you put frozen spring rolls in an air fryer?

Place the frozen spring rolls into your air fryer basket or onto your air fryer tray in a single layer with spacing between the spring rolls. Air fry at 390 degrees F (199 degrees C) for 4 minutes, then roll or turn the spring rolls and continue to air fry for an additional 4 minutes.

Can you cook dumplings in an air fryer?

Frozen Dumplings in Air Fryer


Unfulfilled potential

Updated: 2013-02-08 09:12

By Zhang Haizhou (China Daily)

Unfulfilled potential

Too much talk and very little action sum up the two-decade old energy cooperation between China and Russia, says Keun-Wook Paik, senior research fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies and author of Sino-Russian Oil and Gas Cooperation: The Reality and Implications.

Paik's 506-page book highlights the progress made by the two nations in energy cooperation over the last two decades and also goes into the details of the trade, investment and financial arrangements of the relationship.

"This book is my legacy," says Paik, adding that he has been ploughing a lone furrow since there aren't many scholars doing research on the subject.

His book is the first major comparative study on Sino-Russian oil and gas relations that also explains how the significant and subtle characteristics of the oil and gas sectors in the two nations have led to contrasting outcomes.

Paik says that during the 1990s there were great expectations that the changed international environment would trigger favorable Sino-Russian bilateral oil and gas cooperation deal, and its subsequent extension into multilateral cooperation in northeast Asia.

"Progress, however, has been very slow and frustrating," he says in his book. "All that we have seen are several rounds of discussions and studies without any real agreements."

He says that his book attempts to analyze the core beliefs that govern the complex relationships between the two sides and also to explain why the results were often not commensurate with the anticipated returns. At the same time, the book also attempts to analyze how the developments of the last two decades will have an impact now.

Despite his pessimism on the overall progress of the talks, Paik says that there have also been positive outcomes.

The "most tangible achievement" has been in the oil sector, he says, referring to the first section of the East Siberia-Pacific Ocean oil pipeline that was completed in 2009, along with the spur pipeline to China at the end of August 2010.

With the completion of the Mohe-Daqing section of the pipeline in October 2010, 300,000 barrels of crude oil have started to flow to China from Russia on a daily basis.

The Tianjin joint venture refinery set up by China National Petroleum Corp and Russian energy firm Rosneft is another example of "tangible progress", he says.

Paik says that it is now important for China to ensure a steady supply of crude from Russia to Heilongjiang because crude output from the oil fields in three northeastern Chinese provinces, in particular the Daqing field, have declined significantly.

Feng Yujun, head of Russian studies at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, says that China imported nearly 20 million tons of crude from Russia last year. In other words, Russia accounted for 9 percent of China's imported crude supplies.

The real problem, Paik says, is that while progress is being made on the oil front, there has been little progress in natural gas.

The prospects for stronger Sino-Russian oil cooperation in the next two decades are skewed more toward gas rather than oil, Paik argues in his book.

Beijing's need for pipeline gas from Russia is not as desperate as its need for Russian oil, he says in explaining the two countries' different stances on gas cooperation.

Gazprom, which has a monopoly over Russian gas exports to Asia, prioritizes Altai (West Siberian) gas exports to western China, while Beijing gives more priority to the supply of East Siberian gas to its northeastern region.

Beijing's planners "are fully aware of the risks involved in Gazprom's strategy of prioritizing Altai rather than East Siberian gas exports", Paik argues in the book, referring to the EU's contracting appetite for Russian (West Siberian) gas after the global financial crisis.

These differences are prompting Gazprom to adopt a more aggressive Asian gas export policy, Paik says, adding that Beijing "is uncomfortable with" Gazprom's "swing supplier" strategy between the EU and China.

If a pipeline network is built to divert the European gas supplies to Asia, "it would be a nightmare for European buyers as it gives Russia undue leverage".

This also partially explains why Chinese policymakers, "particularly (Premier) Wen Jiabao", have repeatedly stressed that China's priority is not Altai gas, but East Siberian gas.

"The Chinese planners have no wish to be blamed for 'robbing' the Europeans. The key point is that they can obtain Central Asian gas from other countries like Turkmenistan," Paik says.

Apart from the strategic concern, Russia's demand for "unattractively high prices" is another key reason why Sino-Russian gas cooperation has not progressed.

Paik says that the current outlook is still skewed in the favor of oil, while gas potential may remain largely under-utilized.

A failure of the Sino-Russian gas relationship will "deprive both countries of a potential win-win solution to their energy and development problems, and increase future global rivalry in the market for liquefied natural gas", he says.

The failure would also force China to significantly expand gas imports, he argues. This would then increase the competition for LNG supplies not just between LNG importers in Northeast Asia, but also for other buyers of LNG in regions as far as Europe.

Though he started working on the book in 2007, Paik says his "own long march" of research into Sino-Russian oil and gas began in 1983, the same year when he began to study international relations in Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea.

He didn't expect the long march to last for over three decades.

Paik initially focused on researching China's oil politics. But in 1989 when he arrived at the Aberdeen University in Scotland for his PhD, his mentor encouraged him to add gas also to his field of studies.

Paik admits that he was not so sure of enlarging the scope of his studies, but soon realized that it was "something he had to do".

His first book, Gas and Oil in Northeast Asia: Policies, Projects and Prospects, was published by Chatham House, or the Royal Institute of International Affairs, based in London, in 1995.

The Petroleum Industry Press in Beijing published the Chinese version of Sino-Russian Oil and Gas Cooperation: the Reality and Implications in late January.


Modular is a term used particularly in relation to minimalism, referring to a work of art with constituent parts that can be moved, separated and recombined.

During the 1960s artists began creating simple sculptures made from industrial materials like sheet metal, plywood and bricks. In order to distance themselves from traditional sculpture, minimalist artists would describe these artworks in very literal ways, calling them ‘specific objects’ or ‘modules’.

The term modular is closely associated with the artist Sol LeWitt who, in 1965, began working on a series of open and closed cubes, like building blocks, which could be ordered and inter-locked in various different combinations in accordance with a pre-determined system.

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