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The Local Budget Law, NJSA 40A:4-3.1(b) requires any municipality deciding to convert to a State Fiscal Year from a Calendar Fiscal Year perform the following:

Apply to the Local Finance Board; prepare a transition year budget

When converting to a State Fiscal Year calendar from a Calendar Year a municipality may do so by which of the following:

All budgets shall be introduced, approved, amended and adopted by what vote and by which action of the governing body?

By resolution passed by not less than a majority vote of the full membership of the governing body.

NJSA 40A:4-5 sets the introduction dates for the municipal budget for both a Calendar Year and State Fiscal Year community. The statutory introduction dates are as follows:

Calendar Year - February 10
State Fiscal Year - August 10

A municipal governing body has introduced their town budget on Thursday, February 6 and will hold a public hearing on said budget on Thursday, March 6 (non-leap year). The advertisement giving notice of the public hearing shall not be published later than which date?

February 24

Using the identical dates as presented in question number 5. Would the minimum number of days required between approval and adoption been satisfied as stipulated in the Local Budget Law, 40A:4-77

Yes, requirement satisfied 2/6-3/6 29 days

According to NJSA 40A:4-9, concerning amendments to an introduced budget, an increase or decrease to any item of appropriation by more than five percent (5%) would require a public hearing on said amendment.

The amount to be raised by taxes for school purposes, required to be certified to the governing body of a municipality for inclusion in its budget, shall set forth in a separate section of the budget upon adoption and shall be added to the amount to be raised by taxes by which of the following:

School tax rate

The governing body may by resolution authorize temporary budget appropriations to provide for the period between the beginning of the fiscal year and the adoption of the budget. The resolution shall be adopted within how many days of the beginning of the fiscal year?

30 days

Nothing in the Local Budget Law, specifically as stated in NJSA 40A:4-19 shall prevent or relieve the governing body from making appropriations during the last 10 days of the year preceding the beginning of the fiscal year for all capital improvement fund purposes.

False - Appr for debt service

When emergency temporary appropriations are adopted after the introduction and approval of the budget and were not included in the budget as approved, the temporary emergency appropriation shall be included by amendment.

Which of the following is known as, in the current section of accounts shall consist of the excess of quick assets such as cash, investments, State or other public aid receivable, and deferred charges over legal and demand liabilities.

Which of the following is known as revenue amounts that may reasonably be expected to be realized in cash during the fiscal year from known and regular sources, or from sources reasonably capable of anticipation

Miscellaneous Revenues Anticipated

Miscellaneous revenues when being anticipated in the municipal budget are regulated by NJSA 40A:4-26. This section of the statute limits anticipated revenues to the amount:

Actually realized in cash from the same source in the next preceding fiscal year.

A municipal governing body has determined that a parcel of land is no longer required for public use and so concluded that said parcel be sold at auction. The parcel of land will generate sale proceeds that would benefit town property owners if anticipated in the municipal budget as a revenue. In order for the proceeds to be an anticipated revenue in the budget the obligation to make payment to the municipality must be entered into:

Prior to the adoption of the budget.

When a municipality has a sinking fund cash surplus, such surplus may, upon written application by the sinking fund commission and the approval of the director, be used, in whole or in part, as which of the following according to NJSA 40A:4-28

An anticipated miscellaneous revenue in current fund budget

NJSA 40A:4-30 describes the amount to be raised by taxes as the amount required to be levied by taxation for support of the municipal budget. It is the difference between the total of all general municipal budget appropriations, including Chapter 6 school debt service and such deferred charges and statutory expenditures for Chapter 6 schools as are required to be raised in the municipal budget, less the total of anticipated revenues.

To the extent there is available surplus revenue collected by a municipality for supplying a utility service which is regulated by the Board of Public Utilities an amount of this utility surplus may be transferred annually and included in the local municipal budget. This amount of surplus to be utilized may not exceed what percentage of the annual costs of operation of the utility?

Dedicated revenues (dedication by rider) stated in the budget shall be classified according to their respective sources and shall be stated in a separate section of the budget, together with the appropriations to the purpose to which such dedicated revenues are applicable. The total of anticipated revenues must equal the total of appropriations. This definition would describe which of the following:

Trust Fund accounts

Which of the following would meet the standard to qualify as a dedicated revenue as described in the previous question?

Animal Control Fund
Sinking fund for term bonds
A bequest
Motor vehicle fines dedicated to road repairs
All of the above

An appropriation for "cash deficit of preceding year" shall be raised how?

In full the immediate successive year of the deficit

A Capital Budget adopted by the governing body authorizes the expenditure of public funds.

NJSA 40A:4-45.2a authorizes that amounts of revenue generated by an increase in its valuations based solely on applying the preceding year's local purposes tax rate of the municipality to the assessed value of new construction or improvements will result in

Increase the "CAP" base

Which of the following groups of appropriations are exceptions to the budget "CAP" or also known as outside "CAP" appropriations.

*Debt Service, capital expenditures, amounts expended to fund a free public library
-Reserve for uncollected taxes, SOCIAL SECURITY, federal grants, amounts to meet NJ Public Employees' Occupational Safety and Health Act
-PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM, expenditures resulting from the impact of a hazardous waste facility, MUNICIPAL COURT operations

Unless emergency expenditures are eligible for bonding pursuant to the Local Bond Law, said expenditures shall be provided in full by the governing body as a deferred charge in the budget of the next succeeding fiscal year.

A resolution authorizing the adoption of an emergency appropriation shall be adopted by what vote of the municipal governing body?

Two-thirds vote of the full membership of the governing body.


Can You Freeze Decorated Sugar Cookies?

Did you know that because most cookies contain little to no water, they freeze well? When water freezes, it expands and then contracts when it thaws. This expansion can ruin the texture of frozen food. However, most cookie doughs will not be affected. The freezing window for cookies is a little less than usual, at around three months.

Does Freezing Ruin Cookies?

You don't have to worry about your cookies spoiling if you freeze them. When storing frozen cookies in zip lock freezer bags, squeeze out as much air as possible before sealing the bag entirely. Your frozen treats are at the mercy of the air. You remove excess air from the cookies, which keeps them fresher for longer and prevents freezer burn.

What is the Best Container for Freezing Cookies?

An airtight container is the most acceptable container for freezing cookies. Before putting the cookies in the container and shutting the lid, wrap them with plastic wrap.

How Long do Frozen Cookies Last?

If you wrap frozen cookies securely in plastic and store them in an airtight container, they can last 3 months.

How to Freeze Decorated Cookies

Whether or not you're going to freeze it, bake it the night before you decorate it. The following day, you decorate. You can leave the decorated cookies to dry overnight in a cool oven and wrap them up the next day. Decorated cookies freeze well. Here are some ideas for storing decorated cookies in the freezer:

·         Allow Icing to Dry Before Freezing

Allow 18 hours for the icing to dry after decorating your cookies. Please keep them at room temperature overnight before packing and freezing your decorated cookies.

·         Store in a Freezer Bag or Container

Make use of a freezer-safe container or bag. If you choose, you can also add ribbons or a bubble pouch before freezing, so the cookies are ready to pull and go.

·         Allow 3-4 hours for the cookies to defrost

Remember to let decorated cookies go to room temperature before opening the freezer bag or container, especially if they were wrapped in bags before freezing.

The temperature difference could produce condensation within the cookie package and color leakage on your frosting if you don't let the cookies come to room temperature. Allow the cookies to come to room temperature before opening the container or bag.

·         Freeze Once

It's ideal only to freeze once. Re-freezing your cookies can cause them to dry out. So if you freeze the un-decorated cookies, you won't be able to re-freeze them after decorating. It all depends on your schedule and how much time you have to bake and decorate.

·         Store up to 3 Months

Cookies can be frozen for up to 3 months if properly packaged and preserved.  Cookie dough doesn’t last quite as long because the leavener will start to degrade.  It is best to keep raw cookie dough no longer than one month. Because cookies and dough are sensitive to freezer odors, it's good to keep a box of Arm & Hammer handy.

Shop Cookie Decorating Kits

Color My Cookie decorating kits were created to take out the most time-consuming aspect of baking cookies: purchasing ingredients, mixing, and baking the cookies.

Our cookies, cakes, and cupcakes are all ready to be decorated! Color My Cookie cookies are available in two sizes  and various themes, making them ideal for holidays, birthdays, and special occasions. Color My Cookie cookies aren't like the hard sugar cookies typically available to decorate. Order online today.

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Retirement Insights

Retirement Insights: Accounting for Changing Markets

Retirement Insights: Accounting for Changing Markets

The average American spends upwards of 40 years saving for retirement and another 25 plus years living on the income generated from their savings in retirement, a period that may span several different economic cycles and unexpected events. Retirement savers, whether they are just starting out in the workforce or approaching retirement, need access to differentiated investment options to help them accumulate, grow and protect wealth assets.

Over the past 15 years, target-date funds have become an investment of choice—or default—for many retirement plan participants1. This often considered one-size-fits-all approach is not without its shortcomings, however, particularly for retirement savers seeking a more personalized, holistic approach to their assets and retirement needs. Managed accounts, provided by fiduciary specialists, can help with the challenges facing this cohort of participants, but not without the partnership of plan sponsors, whose role as gatekeeper remains pivotal to retirement readiness.

To help participants—whether through target-date funds, managed accounts or an à la carte approach—plan sponsors should consider building investment menus that offer strategies appropriate for all types of market conditions and macroeconomic regimes. This requires not only close consideration of portfolios’ long-term track record of the potential for wealth accumulation—and that of their underlying components, in the case of packaged-allocation strategies—across different investment environments, but also sensitivity to changes in market risk, return and correlation characteristics.

Key Messages

  • Plan sponsors should consider providing a menu of investment choices that can meet the ever-changing needs of participants throughout their entire retirement journey.
  • The risk-return profiles of target-date funds, particularly those whose underlying investments are dominated by passive strategies, may not be well aligned with the needs of all retirement savers. Those with more complicated financial situations—or simply a desire for greater personalization—may benefit from the customization that comes with managed accounts, for an additional cost.
  • A well-designed menu of choices should include a range of investment strategies with complementary styles, philosophies, and goals that can be used to construct diversified portfolios focused on the steady compounding of potential wealth accumulation over time and the mitigation of downside risk.

Set It, but Don't Forget It

Target-date funds were introduced in retirement plans in the 1990s as a way to help make investing simpler for participants, many of whom lacked the experience or aptitude to effectively manage their own wealth. The popularity of target-date funds increased markedly following the passage of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 and a subsequent Department of Labor ruling that designated the vehicles as “qualified default investment alternatives” to which the assets of participants who have not made their own investment election could be directed. Today, approximately eight in 10 of all 401(k) plans offer target-date funds, and American investors have $3.3 trillion allocated to the strategies.3

Increasingly, target-date portfolios are composed of passive investments—typically mutual funds or collective investment trusts (CITs). A recent survey by investment consultant Mercer found that 58% of target-date assets under management were in passive strategies compared to 33% active (with the remainder in active/passive hybrids)4. With an average expense ratio of 0.06%5 , index funds are a lower cost way to track the performance of a benchmark—but should benchmark tracking be the goal of retirement portfolios intended to grow and protect wealth over long time periods?

Given the many twists and turns that plan participants might encounter on their retirement journey, we believe that investors need to consider how well their investment strategies protect capital in challenging investment environments while participating in market upside. Passive strategies have no mechanisms to mitigate systemic risks likely to emerge periodically over a participant’s lifecycle, such as inflation, market gyrations, exogenous shocks and geopolitical uncertainty. And while the programmatic glidepaths that govern target-date fund allocations over time provide a degree of risk management at the asset class level, this positioning typically is based on backward-looking risk-return assumptions that may not be representative of future experience. Further, the actual risks of these portfolios may be greater than commonly thought; a Morningstar report found that the equity beta—or sensitivity to market movements—of the average target data fund was higher than the average equity allocation across the glidepath.6

Take the current environment, for example. Though equity investors over the past decade-plus have benefitted from beta exposure, the market’s success has led to a number of distortions. The valuation of many stock indexes, particularly in the US, appear rich, even after 2022’s shaky start; as of March 31, 2022, the S&P 500 Index’s price-to-book ratio was about two standard deviations above its 10-year average value, while the MSCI World Index’s was less than half a standard deviation from average7. Recent dynamics also have culminated in extremely top-heavy US indexes, suggesting that index funds carry both significant single-stock and sector risk. For example, the information technology sector represents about 28% of the S&P 500 Index, or 37.3% if you include tech-adjacent companies Amazon, Facebook and Google.8

Portfolios benchmarked against the most popular investment grade bond indexes, meanwhile, face their own set of concerns, as ultralow interest rates and massive sovereign and corporate bond issuance have skewed allocations toward markedly different risk-return profiles. The Bloomberg US Aggregate Index, a popular proxy for domestic bonds, has seen its effective duration rise to historical highs as yield collapsed to all-time lows. Long durations and a slim yield cushions suggest an unfavorably asymmetric risk-return profile for core bond investments going forward, particularly as the US Federal Reserve embarks upon a new tightening cycle.

Plan participants nearing or in retirement and needing income may be particularly vexed by the performance of bond indexes of late. Fixed income assets have been caught in a vise of persistent and increasing inflation expectations combined with heightened concerns about restrictive monetary policy, including more aggressive rate hikes and earlier and deeper balance sheet rationalization. We saw the impact of these dynamics clearly in first quarter 2022, particularly on duration-sensitive assets, as the high-grade Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index and Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Index fell 5.9% and 6.2%, respectively.9 Interest rate and spread volatility seem likely to persist, in our view, as the benign financial conditions that provided an unprecedented tailwind for risky assets in general may have begun to unwind.

One Size Fits Some

While target-date funds have helped countless Americans achieve their retirement goals, we believe may not be the best solution for all savers. Designed to meet the needs of a broad swath of participants that share an anticipated retirement date—and potentially little else—these portfolios operate in isolation from an individual’s personal financial circumstances, whether it’s outside assets, future spending needs, potential sources of wealth or many other considerations. Given their inability to account for an individual’s assets and goals holistically, target-date funds can be suboptimal savings vehicles for those with more complicated financial circumstances, particularly as participants accumulate greater wealth and near retirement.

As a result of these challenges, sponsors increasingly are offering managed accounts in their retirement plans. Managed accounts offer fee-based advisory services tailored to needs of individual participants based on their age, income, contribution rates, risk tolerance and goals, while also accounting for assets held outside the plan. Often, these accounts are discretionary, giving the advisor the ability to transact on behalf of the account owner. Furthermore, managed accounts will adjust allocations as conditions and needs change over time.

While managed accounts offer what appears to be a compelling solution to retirement savers who are unable to self-direct their investments or have more complex needs that cannot be met with target-date funds, managed accounts do have some drawbacks. The most distinct drawback are fees, which can vary from a few basis points to more than 1% depending on a number of factors, the degree of human interaction versus Artificial Intelligence-driven advice most notably. While fees have been a deterrent to managed account adoption, innovations by industry participants are making the fee hurdle less challenging. Accordingly, plan participants should consider performing the difficult task of ascertaining if their risk-adjusted returns coupled with a more personalized portfolio justify the cost of these fees. In other words, are retirement savers getting sufficient upside capture with enough diversification and downside mitigation after deducting the cost of the managed account?

Perhaps less clear is that—unlike a target-date suite—a managed account’s investment options are mainly limited to the choices that plan offers all participants. Plan sponsors can give participants a leg up by providing a more thoughtful investment menu that incorporates complementary styles, philosophies, and goals. In our view, retirement savers need access to all-weather portfolios—whether through plan investment menus or as part of a target-date suite—that offer the potential for reduced short-term volatility and limited downside capture, which in turn would likely encourage adherence to long-term plans and promote the steady compounding of assets in real terms over time. One possible way to do this could be to include exposure to active, benchmark agnostic portfolios whose idiosyncrasies offer investors a differentiated investment experience over time relative to indexes blind to fundamental considerations.

A Smarter, More Holistic Approach

With risk ever-present and unpredictable, we believe a more thoughtful menu of retirement plan investment choices begins with the inclusion of all-weather strategies that provide a track record of performance in different investment regimes. Such a product, in our view, can be appropriate for investors at all stages of the retirement journey, from those just starting out to those looking to protect their wealth as they near retirement. In addition, these options can be used to make the managed account option more attractive and effective.

While we’re continually reminded that past performance is not an indicator of future results, mapping multicycle historical performance patterns against prevailing market conditions—outperformance in down markets, for example, or higher risk-adjusted returns over full cycles—may help plan sponsors assemble a lineup of investment strategies with complementary styles, philosophies, and goals. In our view, such an approach likely would better align manager evaluation criteria with participant time horizons, temper participant impulses to overreact to short-term anomalies and help improve plan sponsors’ prudent fiduciary processes.

1Source: U.S. Department of Labor “Target Date Retirement Funds- Tips for ERISA Plan Fiduciaries”; as of February 2013.

2Source: EBRI/ICI Participant-Directed Retirement Plan Data Collection Project; data as of December 31, 2018.

3Source: Morningstar 2022 Target Date Strategy Landscape; data as of December 31, 2021.

4Source: Mercer Target Date Fund Survey; data as of December 31, 2021.

5Source: ICI Research Perspective “Trends in the Expenses and Fees of Funds, 2020”; data as of March 31, 2021

6Source: Morningstar 2022 Target Date Strategy Landscape; data as of December 31, 2021.

7Source: FactSet, Bloomberg; data as of October 7, 2021.

8Source: FactSet; data as of March 31, 2022.

9Source: FactSet; data as of March 31, 2022.

This material is for informational purposes only and is not to be construed as specific tax, legal, or investment advice. You are strongly encouraged to consult with your independent financial professional, lawyer, accountant or other advisors as to investment, legal, tax and related matters.

Risk Disclosures

All investments involve the risk of loss of principal.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

A target-date fund is a fund offered by an investment company that seeks to grow assets over a specified period of time for a targeted goal.

A collective investment fund (CIF), also known as a collective investment trust (CIT), is a group of pooled accounts held by a bank or trust company.

Beta is a measure of the fund's volatility (risk) relative to the overall market. The higher the fund's Beta, the more the fund price is expected to change in response to a given change in the value of the market.

Standard deviation is a statistical measure of the distance a quantity is likely to be from its average value.It is applied to the annual rate of return to measure volatility.

Duration is a measure of the sensitivity of the price of a bond or other debt instrument to a change in interest rates.

Upside capture is the ratio of a fund's overall return to global equity market returns evaluated over periods when equities have risen.

Downside capture is the ratio of a fund's overall return to global equity market returns evaluated over periods when equities have fallen.

Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index.

Standard & Poor's 500 Index is a widely recognized unmanaged index including a representative sample of 500 leading companies in leading sectors of the U.S. economy and is not available for purchase. Although the Standard & Poor's 500 Index focuses on the large-cap segment of the market, with approximately 80% coverage of U.S. equities, it is also considered a proxy for the total market.

MSCI World Index is a widely followed, unmanaged group of stocks from 23 developed markets and is not available for purchase. The index provides total returns in U.S. dollars with net dividends reinvested.

Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index is a broad-based benchmark that measures the investment grade U.S. dollar-denominated, fixed-rate taxable bond market, including Treasuries, government-related and corporate securities, MBS (agency fixed-rate and hybrid ARM passthroughs), ABS, and CMBS.

Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Index is a flagship measure of global investment grade debt from 24 local currency markets. This multi-currency benchmark includes treasury, government-related, corporate and securitized fixed-rate bonds from both developed and emerging markets issuers. There are four regional aggregate benchmarks that largely comprise the Global Aggregate Index: the US Aggregate, the Pan-European Aggregate, the Asian-Pacific Aggregate, and the Canadian Aggregate Indices. The Global Aggregate Index also includes Eurodollar, Euro-Yen, and 144A Index-eligible securities, and debt from five local currency markets not tracked by the regional aggregate benchmarks.

FEF Distributors, LLC (Member SIPC) distributes certain First Eagle products; it does not provide services to investors. As such, when FEF Distributors, LLC presents a strategy or product to an investor, FEF Distributors, LLC does not determine whether the investment is in the best interests of, or is suitable for, the investor. Investors should exercise their own judgment and/or consult with a financial professional prior to investing in any First Eagle strategy or product. First Eagle Investments is the brand name for First Eagle Investment Management, LLC and its subsidiary investment advisers.

©2022 First Eagle Investment Management, LLC. All rights reserved.


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The kitchen just might be my favorite room in our home because it's where we spend so much family time and because it's where everyone tends to gather when we host family and friends. We wanted a bright and white kitchen but also wanted it to feel warm and inviting so we have lots of natural wood and darker fixtures to pull it all together. Our walls are painted with Sherwin Williams 'Perfect Greige' which also adds warmth while keeping with the cooler tones of our home. I've linked everything but if there's something I've missed feel free to ask!

Our kitchen table is from Restoration Hardware and I love it! Full disclosure, my family rarely EVER eats on this table. The majority of our meals are eaten on the island so it doesn't get much use. It has a beautiful raw wood look, but if you eat all your meals at the table and have little kids, I wouldn't recommend it. I've seen where you can seal it with Tung oil and it supposedly doesn't change the color too much, but there are still too many cracks and crevices for food to wedge itself into that it does NOT make for an easy clean. So while I love the look and am still happy we purchased it, that's something to keep in mind!

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Justice News

Department of Justice
U.S. Attorney’s Office
Western District of Pennsylvania

Thursday, December 16, 2021

Pittsburgh Woman Sentenced to Prison for Bank Robbery Spree

PITTSBURGH, PA- A resident of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has been sentenced in federal court to 30 months’ imprisonment, and three years’ supervised release on her conviction for a series of bank robberies that occurred in West Mifflin, McCandless, and Penn Hills, United States Attorney Cindy K. Chung announced today.

United States District Judge Nora Barry Fischer imposed the sentence on Donna Poremski, 45, of Pittsburgh's South Side neighborhood.

According to information presented to the court, Jasmine Parrish, a former employee of PNC bank, met her co-defendant, Donna Poremski, while the two worked together in the home-healthcare industry.

Parrish and Poremski conspired together to commit three bank robberies on June 23, 2018, September 6, 2018, and October 18, 2018.

During the first bank robbery, on June 23, 2018, Parrish and Poremski entered the PNC Bank, located in West Mifflin, and attempted to conceal their identities by dressing in traditional Middle Eastern attire, including wearing hijabs that covered their faces. Additionally, Parrish carried a cane and wore a surgical mask over her face with a tube that connected to an oxygen tank. The women approached the teller station and handed one of the tellers a note as well as threatened that they had a bomb. The Court also was informed that Poremski was observed on surveillance footage brandishing what appeared to be a firearm, and that the two women then directed the bank employees to empty their cash drawers and enter the bank vault where the bank employees were forced to put the money into the suitcase. The women stole $61,124.00 from this bank.

During the second bank robbery, on September 6, 2018, Poremski brandished what appeared to be a .9mm pistol and demanded money from the tellers. After obtaining the money from the teller’s cash drawer, Poremski directed the bank employees into the bank vault where the bank employees were forced to put money into Poremski’s bag. While the bank robbery was underway, Parrish was observed driving Poremski’s vehicle near the bank. Prior to the bank robbery, Parrish entered the bank to scope it out. The women stole $35,500.00 from this bank.

During the third bank robbery, on October 18, 2018, Poremski demanded money from the tellers and threatened to use a firearm but never brandished one. Parrish admitted that the women stole $350.00 from this bank.

A total of $97,004.00 was taken from the West Mifflin, McCandless and Penn Hills PNC banks, during these robberies for which Poremski and Parrish are both liable.

Prior to imposing sentence, Judge Fischer stated that Poremski’s offenses were “egregious”; but, that Poremski was not the “brains” of the operation between the two women and that her co-defendant took advantage of Poremski’s controlled substance addiction. Further, the Court deemed a variance appropriate in light of Poremski’s age, mental health, physical condition, difficult upbringing, employment record and post-offense rehabilitative efforts and her remorse.

Jasmine Parrish was previously sentenced to 40 months in prison followed by five years of supervised release.

United States Attorney Chung commended the Federal Bureau of Investigation, West Mifflin Borough Police Department, the McCandless Police Department, the Penn Hills Police Department and the City of Pittsburgh Bureau of Police for the investigation leading to the successful prosecution of Poremski.

Violent Crime
Updated December 17, 2021


Our Collaboration

The evolution of our Universe is determined by its initial conditions and the physical laws that govern it. However, neither of these are open to direct determination, but must be inferred from observations. This collaboration plans to carry out this inference using a Bayesian forward modeling approach, where we repeatedly sample a set of initial conditions, predict the observational consequences of that choice, compare to the real observations of galaxies and gas, and compute the likelihood, either explicitly or implicitly, thereby constructing the posterior distribution of the initial conditions. In practice, this is an extremely challenging endeavor because galaxy formation simulations are costly and still only incompletely understood. Furthermore, the dimensionality of the initial parameter space is enormous so standard inference techniques fail.

To address these challenges, we will employ a three-pronged approach. First, we will develop improved galaxy formation simulations using novel sub-grid models for the influence of stars and black holes. The new models will be built on knowledge gained from detailed, high-resolution simulations of individual star forming regions or accreting black holes that resolve the relevant physical processes. These improved sub-grid models will be implemented in cosmological simulations and can be used to make direct observational predictions for a significant (but still limited) number of samples of initial conditions. Second, the collaboration will use the emerging power of machine learning, which can speed up the forward modeling by factors of millions or billions by training on the relatively small samples of full simulations produced in the first step. Third, we will develop and enhance fast, physically-motivated, neural-net likelihood, simulation-based or likelihood-free inference techniques that have the potential to fully exploit the enormous amount of information from upcoming observational surveys. By harnessing this pending explosion of data, we anticipate generating posterior distributions of not just the cosmological parameters, but the initial conditions and even the uncertain astrophysical parameters.


5 Most Powerful Women In Anime

If you underestimated the power of female anime characters, then you were wrong. Most of them are strong enough to take down even the greatest male characters. So here’s the list of the most powerful women in anime.

Whenever someone says, “most powerful anime characters”, almost every name that appears in our mind is of a male personality. But the anime world is a lot more than Goku, Saitama, Luffy, or Naruto. In fact, no one ever talks about the extremely powerful females of anime who are equally potent as the strongest male characters. In fact, some of these females might be too strong to take down even by these so-called strongest characters of anime. So this list is dedicated to all those women who multiplied our joy of watching an anime with their unique superpowers and extreme fights.

  • More: 5 Anime Characters Who Can Definitely Defeat Saitama

Mob Psycho 100 | Teaser Trailer

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4. Erza Scarlet: Fairy Tail

Fairy Tail is an anime full of powerful characters, out of which Erza is probably the strongest female character. Erza is an S-Class Mage of the Fairy Tail Guild, serving under the team Natsu. Given her cute looks, it’s hard to say if she is powerful at all, but she is completely opposite of what she looks like. Erza is the greatest swordsman specializing in using almost all kinds of weapons. She owns a total of 100 armors and 200 types of weapons. Her magical powers could terrify even the greatest demons. When in her Yokai form, Erza’s powers multiply and her lower body turns into a giant spider.

5. Kaguya Otsutsuki: Naruto

This list would remain incomplete if Kaguya Otsutsuki wasn’t a part of it. Not just in the list of most powerful women, but she can make it in the list of strongest anime characters overall. Even if someone is not a Naruto fan, they can tell by looking at her that she is something one should never mess with. After eating the fruit of the God Tree, she becomes the first person to wield Chakra on Earth. As a consequence, she can absorb any Jutsu she wants to. What makes Kaguya the strongest woman is that she is immortal. So, even if someone severely her limbs, she can regenerate them. From her Tailed-Beast transformation to Byakugan, if we start to note down all of her capabilities, it might take a while.

Thoughts? Comment Below

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Join Our Team

Why Join our Team?

At first (no pun intended), it may seem daunting to commit much of your time towards a club, but there are numerous advantages to joining robotics. We have a wide array of skills you can learn that can pertain your interests. These include: software development, mechanical design and engineering, financial management, marketing, and leadership opportunities. Our experienced students and mentors can help you develop these skills.

Beyond this, you will find a closely-knit community of people who have similar interests with you and through the FIRST competition, you can even meet other people involved in STEM from different schools.

Competitions are adrenaline-filled events where every team can see months of hard work manifest itself into a complex system made of metal and powered by software flying across the field at 20 mph. Each competition is full of intense but fun competition, problem-solving, and occasional dancing. It is one of the most unique and exciting experiences in high school.

So we hope we’ve convinced you a little more to join our club. Contact to inquire about meeting times to start learning about how the team works and how you can help contribute.


As one of the biggest names in news, ABC News is often classified as “mainstream media” and therefore has been the subject of some scrutiny in recent years. The news organization has substantial resources, an extensive network of reporters and journalists, and a clear commitment to journalistic principles, but it has also been accused of having a liberal bias. So, how reliable and biased is ABC News?

Note: This article is specific to online content from ABC News, not its television or other media presence.

How Factual Is ABC News?

The Factual’s news rating algorithm analyzes more than 10,000 articles a day along four metrics: author expertise, publication history, writing tone, and cited sources and quotes. (See our How It Works page to learn more.) For this study, we analyzed 1,000 articles each from 245 major news sources.

Over a dataset of 1,000 articles, ABC News scored an average Factual Grade of 72.8%. This is well above the average of 61.9% for all 245 news sources that we analyzed. This places ABC News in the 92nd percentile of our dataset and in the top 20 sources. It is also higher than competitors such as CNBC (71.5%), NBC News (68.1%), and CBS News (62.7%).

ABC News scores well due to a number of factors, including its authors, sourcing, and neutral reporting. ABC has a deep bench of experienced reporters who cover specific beats such as healthcare, defense, or education. Articles from the site incorporate extensive evidence into their news stories — such as direct quotes and links to external articles — to back up claims. Finally, ABC’s reporting is largely from a neutral perspective and tends to eschew sensational headlines and language.

Like any news source, scores for ABC News varied widely based on factors like author expertise and cited evidence. For example, some scored above 90%, while others scored below 60%.

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How Opinionated Is ABC News?

The Factual measures how opinionated an article is using a sophisticated natural language processing algorithm, producing a score called the Writing Tone. For this metric, the algorithm looks for signs of subjective commentary (e.g., first person pronouns, unnecessary adverbs), as well as the emotional nature of selected words, and sees how prevalent they are for a given length of text. Text which is less opinionated gets higher ratings, with “0” being the most opinionated and “1” being the most neutral.

ABC News had an average Writing Tone score of 0.82, placing it in the 98th percentile in our dataset. This suggests that articles from the site tend to use minimally biased language. In fact, this is the sixth highest Writing Tone score that we measured.

What Is the Political Bias of ABC News?

The Factual classifies news sites by political bias as either Left, Moderate Left, Center, Moderate Right, or Right. This classification is derived from third-party assessments from media bias organizations such as AllSides and Media Bias/Fact Check (MBFC). Based on this data, The Factual assigns ABC News a “Moderate Left” bias.

AllSides assigns ABC News a “Lean Left” classification based on blind surveys, third-party analysis, independent research, and 56,248 community ratings. The most recent analysis, a 2021 blind survey, found that 1,147 people across the political spectrum rated ABC News as “Lean Left” on average. Other research, such as a cited 2014 Pew Research study, reinforces this assessment. The Pew study found that 37% of the site’s audience identifies as left-of-center or left and 41% identifies as mixed or center.

MBFC classifies ABC News as having “Left-Center” bias due to “story selection and word choices that moderately favor the left.” The site also receives a “High” score for factual reporting based on proper sourcing and very few fact-checking issues. MBFC supports this classification by providing evidence of biased headlines, such as “Trump: No regrets for praising Greg Gianforte for body-slamming reporter.

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Who Owns ABC News?

ABC News is owned by Walt Disney Television and ultimately the Walt Disney Company. The close association between ABC's online and television content makes it difficult to characterize how this ownership might play a role. Following a recent controversy, Disney CEO Bob Chapek stated: “I don't really see Disney as characterizing itself as left leaning or right leaning, (but) instead standing for values, values that are universal, values of respect, values of decency, values of integrity and values of inclusion.” Elsewhere, Disney recently joined a growing list of companies that agreed not to make campaign contributions to politicians who voted against certifying the results of the 2020 presidential election.

Why Does It Matter?

Related Posts

Published by Phillip Meylan

Phillip is a writer, researcher, and editor. At The Factual, he leads research efforts that utilize the company's ever growing data on the media ecosystem. He is also a contributor to FP Analytics, Foreign Policy's research and advisory division, and an adjunct fellow with the Center for Strategic and International Studies.


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PN Sleep, Stress Management & Recovery Coaching Certification

By the time you finish the program, you’ll have a pro-level understanding of the science behind sleep, stress, and recovery—along with a reliable, repeatable step-by-step playbook for coaching your clients through it all.

All of the above means better results for your clients, in all areas of their lives—from their health and fitness, to their relationships, career, mindset, emotions, and resilience.

And it means a stronger business for you, as you help clients achieve better, and deeper, results than ever before. You’ll develop deeper, more valuable relationships with your clients—which naturally leads to better retention and more referrals. And you’ll stand out from the competition like never before, because you’ll be able to help your clients in ways that 99% of other coaches simply can’t.

What certified SSR coaches CAN and CAN’T do

This probably won’t come as a surprise: This certification won’t allow you to put an MD, PhD, RD, RN, or CNRP after your name. As a result, once you are certified, you won’t be able to…

❌ diagnose people with sleep problems or stress disorders

❌ prescribe something to directly treat any medical condition or health concern—especially medications or supplements

❌ offer targeted advice that could reasonably be considered part of medical therapy, such as asking someone to “hold off on antidepressants until you try…”

❌ claim to “diagnose,” “treat,” “cure,” or “prescribe” as part of your practice

❌ claim to magically eliminate all human suffering with your wondrous coaching plans

The above aside, however, you’ll still be able to do a heck of a lot. You can still be a part of your clients’ support team and care community. In that role, you can…

✅ make general suggestions about healthy lifestyle practices in most jurisdictions

✅ share healthy lifestyle education using materials from a public or well- known entity such as the American Sleep Association, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and, of course, PN

✅ actively listen, and empathize with clients’ struggles

✅ help clients’ understand their own situation better, and potentially come up with their own solutions—thus inspiring and empowering them to take action on their own behalf

✅ provide accountability, structure, and support

✅ help clients advocate for themselves with their medical team—for instance, by helping them gather data about what they’re noticing, so the conversation with their health care providers can be as productive and informative as possible

✅ share reputable, evidence-based, and helpful resources for them to discuss with their medical team

✅ help clients implement the plan put forth by their medical team. For instance, medical guidelines can be hard for clients to do consistently in daily life—they may need help with skills like planning, preparation, prioritizing, and breaking tasks down into smaller, more manageable segments. You can help with all of this.

✅ provide complementary, behavior-based coaching to help them develop fundamental nutrition, movement, and lifestyle skills and practices that support health care providers’ medical advice

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By J M Blackledge

This authoritative textual content (the moment a part of a whole MSc path) offers mathematical equipment required to explain photographs, photo formation and diversified imaging platforms, coupled with the primary strategies used for processing electronic photographs. it truly is in keeping with a path for postgraduates interpreting physics, digital engineering, telecommunications engineering, info know-how and machine technology. This ebook relates the equipment of processing and studying electronic pictures to the ‘physics’ of imaging platforms. Case experiences make stronger the tools mentioned, with examples of present learn themes.

  • Provides mathematical equipment required to explain pictures, picture formation and diverse imaging systems
  • Outlines the main concepts used for processing electronic images
  • Relates the tools of processing and studying electronic photographs to the ‘physics’ of imaging systems

Show description

Read or Download Digital image processing : mathematical and computational methods PDF

Best imaging systems books

Optics as an issue has advanced dramatically lately, with many functions all through technology and know-how.

. .. Researchers in photo communique, man made intelligence and robotics will locate a lot of curiosity. ASLIB ebook advisor, 1997

Human Engineering in Stereoscopic Viewing Devices

This e-book gathers jointly info about the interplay of hu guy stereopsis with a number of stereoscopic viewing units, particularly these utilized in teleoperator platforms. The publication isn't really all for laptop vi sion structures. In those platforms, info analogous to human binocular visible details is amassed and analyzed through a few machine to be used in selection making or keep an eye on, usually with out the intervention of a human.

Renal Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Targets and Clinical Applications

Within the moment version in their seriously acclaimed booklet, Ronald Bukowski, Robert Motzer, and Robert Figlin have completely up to date and elevated their survey of scientific, organic and pathological administration of localized and complicated renal mobile carcinoma. A panel of the world over well known members explores the most recent advancements in molecular genetics, concentrating on the radical ambitions which were found in epithelial renal tumors.

Extra resources for Digital image processing : mathematical and computational methods

Example text

Texture characterisation using cooccurrence matrices have also been studied on the hexagonal lattice [88]. It was found that there were beneﬁts for textures which have information at multiples of 60◦ . Additionally, texture synthesis using Markov random ﬁelds has been proposed which permit classes of texture which are not simple to generate using square images [89]. A family of compactly supported hexagonal splines are proposed in [23]. It has an increased number of symmetry compared to the B-splines used on square lattices.

The conditions are based on the relationship between the sampled spectra and the original signal’s spectra. Given a continuous signal f (x) its Fourier transform F (Ω), the relationships between the two are deﬁned as follows: ∞ F (Ω) = −∞ f (x) = 1 4π 2 f (x)e−jΩ ∞ −∞ T x dx F (Ω)ejΩ T x dΩ 32 The Proposed HIP Framework Here, Ω ∈ R2 is a frequency domain vector and x ∈ R2 is a vector in the spatial domain. Using the above relationship, it is possible to determine the eﬀect of sampling the signal on its spectrum as follows: fs (n) = ∞ 1 4π 2 F (Ω)ejΩ T (Vn) dΩ −∞ Using a simple substitution ω = VT Ω yields: fs (n) = 1 4π 2 ∞ −∞ F ((VT )−1 ω)ejω T n dω |det V| Instead of integrating this over the entire plane it is possible to split it into a series of smaller sub integrals with area 4π 2 .

Stevenson [42] proposed the use of a hexagonal layout of dots. The dots, being squirts of ink, are circular and hence a hexagonal lattice was more robust to errors and compensated the characteristics of the non-ideal printing device. His method was analogous to that of Rosenfeld except that individual dots were used to indicate the hexagonal pixels instead of entire characters. These dots had a controllable radius and were slightly bigger than an individual print element. In this way, alternate rows could be oﬀset to produce the required hexagonal lattice arrangement.

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Parda (Mixed Race, 2019)

An authoritarian regime plans to restore white supremacy in Brazil. Their first act is to demand the return of all white Brazilian citizens living abroad. In the midst of this political chaos, Tai needs to prove that she is not white, but is faced with uncertainty about her own racial identity. The film delves into the ambiguous concept of race in Brazil, exploring the traces left by its colonial past and the family history of the director. An exploratory journey between fiction and documentary.

Tear (Loom, 2014)

Tear tells the story of the brazilian Worker's Movement during the Military Dictatorship in the 60's. The persecution, prison and torture were practices also employed against the worker class, but unfortunatelly their drama was forgotten by the brazilian filmography dedicated to this topic. The documentary takes place in the quiet district of Santo Aleixo, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the chaotic context of civil military dictatorship. A plot with strikes, arrests and tortures related to the coup of 1964 and the workers movement taking action at that time. This story is reconstructed through a deep and sentimental dig into the memories of the textile factory's workers and the local inhabitants.


ANATOMYKA - 3D anatomical atlas

5. 10. 2019

Anatomyka offers the most modern 3D model of the human body created by professional designers and programmers based on detailed and clear content from Memorix Anatomy. The application allowes students to combine 2D images and information from extbooks with 3D models in smartphones and tablets. The skeleton, Joint, and Muscle systems facilitate a great understanding of the musculoskeletal system of the human body.


Inner Beauty Boost Supercharged Formula

refresh. adapt. recharge.

Why You’ll Love It

How To Use

Mix 1 tbsp (15mL) in 150mL of water, a smoothie or your favourite drink and consume immediately. 1 - 2 serves per day. For optimal results, ADAPTOGEN should be consumed daily in chilled or room temperature beverages and can be taken with any other Beauty Chef product.

Flora Culture™ Bio-Fermented Blend (fermented papaya fruit juice concentrate (47%), lactic acid, papaya leaf extract, withania extract from roots and leaves* (0.26%), holy basil (tulsi) leaf extract (0.22%), cellulose gum, zinc ascorbate, calendula flower extract, stevia leaf extract, licorice root extract, fermented papaya fruit extract, sarsaparilla root extract, vitamin B3 (niacinamide), vitamin B6 (pyridoxal-5-phosphate), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GUT5Y™ (0.001%), vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin)), glycerol, natural flavouring (kola nut and raspberry).

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is ADAPTOGEN Inner Beauty Boost gluten free?

Yes, ADAPTOGEN SUPERCHARGED does not contain gluten or ingredients derived from gluten-containing grains.

Is ADAPTOGEN dairy free?

Yes, ADAPTOGEN does not contain dairy or ingredients derived from dairy.

Is ADAPTOGEN suitable for vegans and vegetarians?

Yes, ADAPTOGEN does not contain animal-derived ingredients.

Yes, ADAPTOGEN is suitable for people on a low FODMAP diet and is certified as FODMAP Friendly.

Does ADAPTOGEN contain flavouring? What type?

Yes, ADAPTOGEN SUPERCHARGED contains natural raspberry and kola nut flavours.

Can men use ADAPTOGEN?

Yes, both men and women can take ADAPTOGEN SUPERCHARGED.

What is the best time of day to take ADAPTOGEN Supercharged?

ADAPTOGEN SUPERCHARGED can be taken at any time of the day that suits you, however as ADAPTOGEN SUPERCHARGED includes B group vitamins, we suggest taking it before 3pm. B vitamins can be stimulating and are included to assist with energy production which is why we suggest consuming ADAPTOGEN in the morning or early afternoon.

Can I mix ADAPTOGEN in a hot drink?

No, we recommend that you avoid adding ADAPTOGEN to warm or heated substances as this may deplete the levels of beneficial bacteria; instead enjoy it in cool or room temperature beverages such as water, coconut water, juice, a protein shake or smoothie. ADAPTOGEN should be stored in the fridge and be consumed within 45 days of opening.

Can I take ADAPTOGEN with other Beauty Chef products?

Yes, you can absolutely combine The Beauty Chef products together. SLEEP and GUT PRIMER can be taken as per the label directions for use, and the remainder of the range can be taken up to two serves daily. These can be consumed either together or individually – in filtered water, coconut water, juices or smoothies. Recommended serving sizes can be found on the bottle/jar.

Is ADAPTOGEN safe to use when pregnant?

Unfortunately, as indicated on the label, this product is not suitable for use in pregnancy. In traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, the adaptogenic herb withania is not recommended for use in pregnancy. We recommend checking with your healthcare professional if you wish to take this product.

Is ADAPTOGEN SUPERCHARGED safe to use when breastfeeding?

Unfortunately there is insufficient evidence regarding the safety of holy basil during breastfeeding so we recommend speaking with your healthcare professional if you wish to take this product.

Does ADAPTOGEN take the place of a probiotic?

Our products are wholefood supplements that contain probiotics and postbiotics, rather than probiotic supplements. Whilst probiotics are an important part of The Beauty Chef’s Inner Beauty Products, they are just one element that contributes to the many benefits. Our point of difference is our exclusive Flora Culture™ fermentation process. While probiotics you may find in the supermarket often only carry one or two species or strains, our formulas offer multiple, natural, food-based strains to help encourage microbial diversity. The addition of prebiotic-rich ingredients also helps to nourish the beneficial bacteria in your gut to further boost and balance digestive health. If you are experiencing a medical condition whereby your health practitioner has recommended a particular strain or species at a certain level, you may need additional supplementation.

What is Ashwagandha?

Ashwagandha is also known as withania, Indian ginseng or winter cherry. It is a traditional herb used in Ayurvedic and Western herbal medicine.


Inventor Unlocks Method to Turn Plant Sugars Into Environmentally-Friendly Fuel

JOSH FALZONE | January 1, 2019

For years, scientists and researchers have been working to extract sugar molecules in plant life, known as cellulose. However, until now, it has proven to be nearly impossible to extract these sugars in a clean and efficient manner because they are locked tightly in a plant’s cellular walls. As CBS profiled on 60 Minutes, Marshall Medoff, an 81-year-old inventor in Massachusetts, has uncovered the secret to accessing plant cellulose and transforming the inedible plant life into environmentally-friendly fuel and other applications.

Novozymes Brasil

This is cpmpany about the biotechnology company in Brazil.

Making Predictions by Digitizing Bioprocessing

Article | April 20, 2021

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Better Purification and Recovery in Bioprocessing

Article | August 2, 2021

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2 Small-Cap Biotech Stocks You Haven't Heard of, But Should Know About

Article | April 17, 2020

With everything that's going on with the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare companies have grabbed plenty of spotlight during these challenging times. At the same time, a number of otherwise promising businesses have slipped under the radar. That's especially true for small-cap biotech stocks that aren't actively involved in developing tests, vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. Vaccine developers, protective equipment producers, and healthcare service providers are all attracting plenty of attention during this pandemic, but there are just as many promising biotech stocks that aren't involved in these areas. Here are two such companies that you might have missed, but they deserve a spot on your watch list.

Read More

AI and Biotechnology: The Future of Healthcare Industry

Article | January 20, 2021

Artificial intelligence has grasped the foundation in biotech. It can have the most innovative impact on biotechnology. AI has already established its presence in our day-to-day life. AI has made the existence of self-driving cars possible. Likewise, the benefits and quality that it can contribute to biotech can also be felt. With AI, bio technicians will be able to enhance virtual screening, overlook preliminary datasets from clinics, and decipher an enormous amount of information. It can also help in improving the medication process by gathering and analyzing every bit of information. The Significance of AI in Biotechnology In the past few years, the application of artificial intelligence in the biotechnology industry has shifted from being sci-fi to sci-fact. A vast number of biotech companies like Deep Genomics are adopting AI for making data-driven decisions and use analytics tools to work efficiently. Unlike the AI robots in sci-fi that are ready to take over the world. AI designed for biotech has been designed to solve certain problems or complete a bunch of tasks by using automated algorithms. The aim of AI technology for biotech is to collect insights along with hidden patterns from large amounts of data. All the different industries of biotech including agriculture, animal, medical, industrial, and bioinformatics are gradually being affected by artificial intelligence. Moreover, the biotech industry is realizing that AI enables them some of the important strength to their business, including: Expanding accessibility Cost-effectiveness Critical predictions Efficient decision-making Research centers like PwC have also estimated output of $15.7 trillion by 2030 solely with AI contribution in industries. A survey revealed that about 44% of life science experts are using AI for R&D activities, as well. Use of AI in Biotechnology Altering Biomedical and Clinical Data So far the most developed use of AI is its ability to read voluminous data records and interpret them. It can prove to be a life-save for bio technicians who would have to examine that much data from research publications by themselves for the validation of their hypothesis. With the help of AI, clinical studies of patients will also become easier as all the examination reports and prescriptions will be stored in one place for cross-reference. Furthermore, it will also help in blending and fetching data into usable formats for analysis. Test Result Prediction Through trial and error, AI along with machine learning can help in predicting the response of the patient to certain drugs to provide more effective outcomes. Drug Design & Discovery AI plays a vital role whether it’s designing a new molecule or identifying new biological targets. It helps in identifying and validating drugs. It reduces the cost and time spent on the entire drug trial process and reaches the market. Personalized Medications for Rare Diseases With the combination of body scan results, patients’ body and analytics, AI can also help in detecting dangerous diseases at an early stage. Improving Process of Manufacturing To improve the process of manufacturing in biotechnology, AI offers a wide range of opportunities. It controls quality, reduces wastage, improves useability, and minimizes the designing time. Moving Towards AI-Enhanced Biotech Future Ever since the concept of artificial intelligence has arrived, being curious by nature, humans have started working towards achieving this goal. It has been growing at a fast pace while showing unbelievable growth and achievements at times. In comparison to the traditional methods used in the biotechnology industry, AI-based methods seem more reliable and accurate. In the upcoming years, it will show its success by improving the quality of health people have. You can also develop your AI-based application or know more about it by taking IT consultations.

Read More


Is Bipolar Disorder Genetic?

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that can cause extreme mood swings. Up until recently, it was not clear what caused the bipolar disorder.

However, recent research has shown that there may be a genetic component to the disease. This article will discuss the possible causes of bipolar disorder, including genetics and brain chemicals. We also explore how Brain Therapeutics is helping people with bipolar disorder live better lives.

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that can cause extreme mood swings. Studies have shown that up to 40% of people with bipolar disorder have a family history of the condition.

At what age does bipolar start?

Although bipolar disorder can occur at any age, typically, it’s diagnosed in the teenage years or early 20s. Episodes of mood swings may occur rarely or multiple times a year. While most people will experience emotional symptoms between episodes, some may not experience any. Although bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, you can manage your mood swings and other symptoms by following a treatment plan.

Symptoms of bipolar disorder can be challenging to identify in children and teens. It’s often hard to tell whether these are routine ups and downs, the results of stress or trauma, or signs of a mental health problem other than bipolar disorder

Children and teens may have distinct major depressive or manic or hypomanic episodes, but the pattern can vary from adults with bipolar disorder. Some children may have periods without mood symptoms between episodes. And moods can rapidly shift during episodes.

Bipolar disorder can be a challenging condition to live with, both for the person who is diagnosed and their loved ones. However, there is hope. With the right treatment plan, people with bipolar disorder can lead full and productive lives. If you or someone you know is struggling with bipolar disorder, please seek help. Our team of experts is here to provide support and guidance every step of the way.


What is the biggest city in Canada by population?

What’s the largest city in Canada by population?

Largest Cities in Canada by Population

  1. Toronto: 2,731,571. BESbswy. BESbswy. …
  2. Montreal: 1,704,694. BESbswy. BESbswy. …
  3. Calgary: 1,239,220. BESbswy. BESbswy. …
  4. Ottawa: 934,243. BESbswy. BESbswy. …
  5. Edmonton: 932,546. BESbswy. BESbswy. …
  6. Mississauga: 721,599. BESbswy. BESbswy. …
  7. Winnipeg: 704,224. BESbswy. BESbswy. …
  8. Vancouver: 631,486. BESbswy. BESbswy.

What are the top 5 largest cities in Canada by population?

Canada’s Five Largest Cities

  • Montréal, Québec – 4.2 million. Montreal, Quebec. …
  • Edmonton, Alberta – 1.4 million. Edmonton, Alberta.

What are the 3 largest cities in Canada by population?

By population rank

Rank Population centre Population
1 Toronto 5,429,524
2 Montreal 3,519,595
3 Vancouver 2,264,823

What is the most populated cities in Canada 2021?

The largest city in Canada is Toronto, with a population of 2,600,000 people.

Name 2021 Population
Toronto 2,600,000
Montreal 1,600,000
Calgary 1,019,942
Ottawa 812,129
IT\'S FUNNING:  Do you have to file taxes if you make less than 10000 Canada?

What is the least populated city in Canada?

What is the fastest growing city in Canada?

Canada’s top five fastest growing communities in 2020 include:

  • Oshawa, Ontario.
  • Waterloo Region, Ontario (listed as Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo)
  • Halifax, Nova Scotia.
  • Kelowna, British Columbia.
  • Calgary, Alberta.

Is Toronto bigger than New York?

Is Montreal the largest city in Canada?

Is Toronto or Montreal bigger?

This is a list of the largest cities in Canada by census starting with the 1871 Census of Canada, the first national census.

Rank City Population
1 Montreal, Quebec 140,747
2 Toronto, Ontario 86,415
3 Quebec, Quebec 62,446
4 Halifax, Nova Scotia 36,100

Is London or Toronto bigger?

Is Hamilton bigger than London?

The table below ranks the major urban centres that anchor the largest metropolitan populations in Canada.

Largest Cities in Canada.

Metropolitan Area 2011 Population Rank
Winnipeg, Manitoba 730,018 8
Hamilton, Ontario 721,053 9
Kitchener – Cambridge – Waterloo, Ontario 477,160 10
London, Ontario 474,786 11

Is Ottawa the largest city in Canada?

IT\'S FUNNING:  Is it more expensive to live in Canada or Dubai?
Country Canada
Province Ontario
Established 1826 as Bytown
Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa


The bark of different varieties of the genus Cinnamon. It contains tannic acid and a yellowish volatile oil, oleum cinnamomi. This has a fragrant and pleasant taste, and is used to mitigate that of disagreeable drugs. The preparations of cinnamon are used as carminatives.

Pulvis Aromaticus. Aromatic Powder

Is composed of cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, and nutmeg. It is given in an average dose of gr. xv.-I Gm.


Fraud by Nick Youngson CC BY-SA 3.0 Pix4free

Donald Shubert’s recent CT Viewpoints commentary opposing the current proposal to extend Connecticut’s False Claims Act (the “CT FCA”) to industries beyond health care reflects the tried-and-true tactic of business interests hoping to avoid accountability: resort to fear-mongering and unsubstantiated claims, and hope nobody is paying attention.

Shubert, the President of the Connecticut Construction Industries Association, writes that expanding the CT FCA to other industries like construction will lead to higher costs for businesses while failing to protect state coffers.  But Shubert is wrong on both the law and the facts.

First, Shubert argues that “[t]he loose legal standards of the FCA are remarkably problematical when applied to construction disputes.”  In reality, the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”), on which the CT FCA is based, has proven to be a valuable tool in fighting fraud in the construction industry.

For example, just last year, the U.S. Attorney for the District of Connecticut announced a $3.2 million dollar settlement with a contractor based on fraud committed by the company in connection with public construction contracts in Connecticut that were principally funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The legal standards of the FCA worked just fine for the Department of Justice in combatting contractor fraud.  The same would be true under the CT FCA’s identical legal standards.

Second, Shubert argues that the legislation fails to define the words “false” or “fraudulent” and raises the specter that a “simple math error” could accordingly be a violation of the Connecticut FCA.  He fails to mention that the FCA has always required a violation to be “knowing,” meaning that an accidental “simple math error” has never been sufficient to establish liability.  That would not change with this proposed amendment, and courts, including those in Connecticut, would continue evaluating what constitutes an FCA violation based on over 35 years of statutory and judicial law.

Indeed, given that Shubert purports to support the current use of the CT FCA against the health care industry (even though the current version also does not define “false” or “fraudulent”), it seems that his argument is less a genuine effort to identify the proposed amendment’s legal ramifications, and more a naked attempt to help his construction industry members operate without accountability.

Third, Shubert falls back on the argument upon which companies of all stripes hoping to avoid accountability often rely:  any law that leads to potential liability will impose costs that will put companies out of business.

Does that mean we should sweep Connecticut’s anti-discrimination and consumer protection laws off the books simply because claims brought under those laws can be costly for businesses that are found liable of discrimination or swindling their customers? Of course not, and the same is true here.

The civil litigation system provides defendants with numerous opportunities to have frivolous claims dismissed.  These routine safeguards are made even stronger under the CT FCA and its federal analogue due to the many obstacles a claimant must overcome to have a successful case.  Indeed, the CT FCA also permits a court to award attorneys’ fees to defendants if a claim is deemed to be “clearly frivolous.”  The real concern is not frivolous lawsuits but rather the knowledge that the continuation of fraudulent practices will be met with meritorious lawsuits.

The current proposal to expand the CT FCA is an important step that will protect the tax dollars of Connecticut residents and disincentivize fraud across a range of industries.  It would help bring the CT FCA in line with its federal counterpart, which has been highly effective in fighting fraud across a wide range of industries.  (Just in 2021 alone, the United States Department of Justice recovered roughly $160 million in procurement fraud cases).

It would also bring Connecticut’s law in line with its neighboring states; New York, for instance, has recovered millions resolving successful FCA cases against a range of non-health care companies including an electrical company, hedge funds, a heating oil company, and a mobile phone carrier.

Connecticut taxpayers should have the chance to protect themselves against this type of fraud, too.

Nico Gurian is an associate at Getnick & Getnick LLP, a boutique law firm in New York that represents whistleblowers.


How many times can TACE be done?

How many times can TACE be done?

Can chemoembolization cure liver cancer?

Chemoembolization may be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy or radiofrequency ablation. Chemoembolization is a treatment for liver cancer, but it is not a cure.

What happens after TACE procedure?

Normal Side Effects After Liver Chemoembolization A low-grade temperature (< 102 F ) for one week. Nausea and or vomiting, lethargy, and decreased appetite for several days. Bruising at the groin puncture site. Some hair loss; this is usually minimal and may be unnoticed by others.

What is Radioembolization liver cancer?

How long can you live after TACE?

They obtained improved survival rates: median survival from time of first chemoembolization was 15 months, with 1- and 2-year survival of 61% and 27%, respectively.

How successful is TACE procedure?

How long can you live with cancer in your liver?

For people with early-stage liver cancers who have a liver transplant, the 5-year survival rate is in the range of 60% to 70%….5-year relative survival rates for liver cancer.

SEER stage 5-year relative survival rate
Localized 34%
Regional 12%
Distant 3%
All SEER stages combined 20%

Is TACE procedure painful?

You may feel slight pressure when the catheter is inserted, but no serious discomfort. As the contrast material passes through your body, you may feel warm. This will quickly pass. Most patients experience some side effects called post-embolization syndrome, including pain, nausea, vomiting and fever.

Is cancer of the liver terminal?

How long do TACE side effects last?

Side effects can last for 3 to 4 weeks after embolization. You will likely start to feel them in the first hours or days after you get it. Patients who get TACE feel side effects from their chemotherapy.

How many TACE treatments can you have?

Is dying from liver cancer painful?

Liver cancer patients may experience pain from their primary tumor in the liver as well as pain from other areas if their cancer has spread. Ask your treatment team about what conventional and complementary treatments are available to help alleviate your pain and get you feeling better.

Does anyone survive stage 4 liver cancer?

In one small study of people with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, those whose liver cancer had spread to their lymph nodes or distant organs had an average survival rate of 4 and 11 months, depending on the severity of their liver damage and whether they received treatment.

How do you feel when you have liver cancer?

Symptoms of liver cancer can include: your skin or the whites of your eyes turn yellow (jaundice), you may also have itchy skin, darker pee and paler poo than usual. loss of appetite or losing weight without trying to. feeling tired or having no energy.

How long does it take to die from stage 4 liver cancer?


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What is Milk Thistle?

Milk thistle - also known as Mary thistle and holy thistle - is a natural flowering herb native to Mediterranean countries. It has been used for centuries and may help detoxify the body.

How can Milk Thistle Help Your Health?

Milk thistle has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This product is most commonly used to help detoxify and protect the liver from the effects of toxins such as alcohol or a polluted environment/workplace. Milk thistle can also be used to support cholesterol levels, blood sugar levels, hot flashes as well as many other menopausal symptoms and also supports the digestive system.

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It's an Exciting World

The life and times of David Geisert

How to Train Your Dragon 2

Steph and I went to AMC Mercado to see the movie.  This was an entertaining movie, but I wouldn’t call it a good movie.  There was too much of a focus on the mom, who ended up not doing anything of importance.  There was also too little focus on who the bad guy was, how he had gotten where he was, and why he was doing what he was doing.  This made for a lot of time spent on things that were cool to see, but didn’t have any overarching plot value, while the major plot points were rushed.  There was also a lot of hangover from the previous movie that made for some awkward points, like the amazing attractive girl no longer being the focus of the other guys.  I enjoyed it, but it isn’t something I would want to see again.

Edge of Tomorrow

I enjoyed the movie.  Before going in Steph found a thread on reddit that suggested the movie was pretty much an analogue for how video games work with die, rinse, repeat.  This was most certainly true as the main character had to get past hard spots in the fighting and memorize specific actions to take as specific points.  The ending was a little off, but that is to be expected.  It seemed like they had one ending, but it didn’t play well since people wanted the main character to live.  I thought he didn’t do nearly enough random goofing off with the ability.  We went to see it at the Mercado AMC 20, with Jeremy, Riley, Wit, and Rong.

Days of Future Past

I liked the movie, even though there were some outlandish things they did.  The new powers that Kitty had were one.  I did like all the epic battle scenes in the future.  I also liked how they did a full reset of the series like was done with Star Trek.  It will be nice to have some of the old characters back, and without a lot of the baggage that they had started with.  I was also excited to see the ending credits scene.  It will be interesting to see if that actually makes it to the next movie.

The Winter Soldier

I like the movie, and while they mention some other super heroes, the did like all the other super hero movies and mainly ignored their existence.  The new hero introduced was a little underpowered, except his ability to survive massive g-forces without blinking.

Stephanie showed me the movie Amelie, and I liked it.  The whole movie was a series of quirks, but it was funny quirks and the story was nice.  I also liked that it didn’t end with everyone in love and getting along.  It seemed more real that way.

The Wind Rises

Steph and I joined Jeremy and his gf for The Wind Rises.  I really enjoyed the start of the movie, but it had a very anticlimactic ending.  It isn’t the kind of movie that I’d want to see again, but it was nice to see once.

The Lego Movie

I really liked the early premise of the movie with certain lego people being master builders that could build things out of any of the legos and if it looked right it would work.  I really liked the way real world objects also came into play.  When it changed over to the real world situation, it lost a little bit of the mystique that it had built up.  I really enjoyed the movie, and it was a great date with Steph.

I really liked the way the movie was unpredictable, but things followed from each other.  It also did away with a lot of the cheesy stuff like true love’s first kiss.  The musical numbers were very forced feeling, and the troll one was just awkward.

Desolation of Smaug

This was a pretty good movie, and they went way off the path of the book in this one.  I was a little upset at how small a part Beorn played, but I suppose he doesn’t really fit in too much to the rest of the story, or the Middle Earth mythos.  I hope they still have him as one of the epic fighters in the final battle sequence.  I really like the parts they added in with Gandalf, as it is really cool to see a lot more of something that was only vaguely referred to in the book.  I went with Jeff and his friends, and enjoyed the experience.

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ETRI-Knowledge Sharing Plaform

논문 검색
구분 SCI
연도 ~ 키워드

학술대회 Initializing Deep Learning Based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Document Classification
Cited 1 time in scopus Download 0 time Share share facebook twitter linkedin kakaostory
전형배, 이수영
International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP) 2016 (LNCS 9949), v.9949, pp.634-641
16MS1700, 언어학습을 위한 자유발화형 음성대화처리 원천기술 개발, 이윤근
The gradient-descent learning of deep neural networks is subject to local minima, and good initialization may depend on the tasks. In contrast, for document classification tasks, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) was quite successful in extracting topic representations, but its performance was limited by its shallow architecture. In this study, LDA was adopted for efficient layer-by-layer pre-training of deep neural networks for a document classification task. Two-layer feedforward networks were added at the end of the process, and trained using a supervised learning algorithm. With 10 different random initializations, the LDA-based initialization generated a much lower mean and standard deviation for false recognition rates than other state-of-the-art initialization methods. This might demonstrate that the multi-layer expansion of probabilistic generative LDA model is capable of extracting efficient hierarchical topic representations for document classification.
Deep learning, Document classification, Good initialization, Latent dirichlet allocation
KSP 제안 키워드
Classification task, Deep neural network(DNN), Feedforward networks, Hierarchical topic, Initialization methods, LDA model, Latent dirichlet allocation (lda), Layer expansion, Layer-by-Layer(LbL), Local minima, Pre-Training


Guest Post- Joel Erickson- Community Judges- pt. 2

Community Judges, Part 2: Adapt to Their Mind Set

As expected, the transition from competitor to alumnus was a bit jarring. I managed to control the overpowering nostalgia, to overcome the sensation that I was trespassing into unauthorized areas (such as the much-vaunted judges’ hospitality), and to quell the “something-is-amiss” feeling engendered by my casual attire.

I anticipated all of these, but I hadn’t expected to get a glimpse into the minds of community judges. In judge orientation, I seated myself in front of an entire contingent of them. They talked, in nervous, hushed tones. Some seemed previously acquainted; others as if they bonded through the shared experience of attempting something new. A few appeared relaxed and casual; many more looked uptight and tentative.

As soon as the orientation video voiceover explained to the judges that “each and every one of you is qualified to judge speech and debate,” several of the community judges behind me snickered, whispering to one another about how they weren’t qualified, in the process missing the numerous list of ways in which people assess communication abilities on a daily basis. They offered their sometimes cynical, sometimes curious commentary the whole time. “I’m confused.” “What does that mean?” “Constructives and rebuttals? Can they explain that again?” “Why do they look at the judge on–whatever it’s called?” “HAHA rehabilitation vs. retribution? Well, that’s obvious.” My shock culminated in a conversation with a community judge immediately following orientation. After I had to keep raising my voice for him to hear me, he admitted that he’d left his hearing aids at home. “I’ll be fine,” he assured me, quite loudly.

Yes, it was terrifying. Terrifying to see the league unleashing these judges on the competitors, terrifying to observe people researching assiduously only to experience these woefully uninitiated judges, terrifying to reflect back on the intensity I poured my soul into high school debate while placing myself at the mercy of community judges. Yet, simultaneously, it was beautiful. Beautiful to watch debaters forced to impact their arguments in real life, beautiful to witness debaters wrenched from the ivory tower, beautiful to behold debaters trained to persuade real people.

Despite the tangible benefits, community judges present an almost insurmountable challenge to some debaters. How do we best communicate with an audience whose only exposure to debate was a brief inundation in rudimentary information ten minutes before the round? Before examining several strategies, we first need to understand how community judges think.

The Mindset of a Community Judge

Problem #1: Community Judges Feel Ill-Equipped
Whether or not “everyone is qualified to judge,” the reality is that community judges perceive themselves as ill-equipped. No matter how thorough and intuitive a league designs their orientation, community judges feel engulfed by the information overload.

Solution: Equip As You Debate
Having read this post, you shouldn’t assume that orientation has assuaged the community judges’ worries about their qualifications for judging debate. Instead, recognize that the task of equipping the judges for judging is incumbent upon you as the debater. Don’t just address your opponent’s arguments, but explain the “metadebate” to the judge–why the arguments matter, why your arguments outweigh your opponents’, what it means for the judge’s that the affirmative’s plan is insolvent, why the judge should vote for you when negative conceded your resolutional analysis. Better yet, ditch debate jargon and have a conversation with your judge (more on this below). Remember that you are the judge’s orientation. While you debate, help them understand how the arguments interact in the round.

Problem #2: Community Judges Feel Intimidated
Community judges are typically more nervous to judge than many debaters are to debate. They feel daunted and inferior by the imposing figure you cut. Bewildered by the glut of information during orientation, dizzied by the frenetic pace of the tournament, awed by the sheer number of teenagers wearing suits, and baffled at the expansiveness of your vocabulary, community judges usually trudge back to hospitality thoroughly intimidated by the tournament environment.

Solution: Be Relatable
Speak slowly. Don’t use big words or long sentences. Smile. Make them feel welcome. Ensure you’re genuine when you thank them for judging. Have fun. Inject humor into your speech. Be concrete. Care about your arguments. Convey that you’re a human too.

Over the course of last year, I learned this through trial and error, observing the expressions and reactions of community judges and reading their comments on ballots. I began to realize that they preferred one well-developed point to a myriad of rapidly-spoken justifications. They wanted to see me smiling and understand that I was enjoying myself. They connected when I related metadata to the postal service, illustrated search warrants by talking about the police raiding my friend’s basement or likened government overreach to Star Wars. I watched other debaters who were succinct, concrete, and likable win scores of community judges, judges whom other debaters complained were incorrigibly biased and downright unwinnable.

On a pertinent note, don’t ask the befuddled, intimidated community judge for their “judging philosophy.” Rather, inquire about their background, their occupation, or their experience. You’ll be more relatable if you don’t expect them to have a fully formulated paradigm for evaluating debate rounds (as NCFCA TP National Champion Rebecca Frazer acknowledges here).

Problem #3: Community Judges Crave Affirmation
The intimidation factor generates a craving for affirmation. Community judges are concerned that debaters will ridicule their ballots, and they desire to be appreciated. If they didn’t feel like they wanted to contribute something valuable to you, they wouldn’t attend the tournament.

Solution: Write Their Ballots for Them
Similar to the solution for the first problem, you need to focus on impacting ad nauseam. Never run an argument without explaining its function (what a value is), its overarching purpose in the round (how it affects the rest of your arguments and the ballot), and its application to the real world (what it means for things the judge actually cares about). If you habitually begin to incorporate phrases into your debate like “this matters because…” or “this is important because…” or “the main implication of this is…”, you’re impacting. Have the mentality that you are writing your judge’s ballot for them. Don’t just win the round, tell them why you’re winning as you’re winning. When phrases you use in debate rounds appear on your community judge’s ballot, you know you’ve executed this properly.

The first post in this series defended the necessity of community judges for ensuring a rhetoric-oriented speech and debate culture. In the forthcoming post, we’ll explore some effective tactics for persuasion and how to translate your sophisticated ideas into something accessible for all judges.

This post first appeared at… Joel Erickson is a Coach in Training and Blogger for Ethos Debate. In his two years competing in the NCFCA, he consistently advanced to finals and semifinals in Lincoln-Douglas and qualified to elimination rounds at Nationals in several speech and debate events. Currently, he is enrolled Wheaton College (IL), pursuing a double major in Philosophy and English with the aim of teaching at the collegiate level or attending law school. Education is his primary passion, and after coaching his local club’s apologetics program for two years, he is serving this year as their assistant coach for LD.

photo by: Julieanne Photography


I’ll be damned

It would seem that, if there is enough publicity, that even a police officer can be fired if his behavior is bad enough, and enough people can see it.

Remember officer Elias Montoya? Yeah, he’s the guy that shot at a minivan full of kids after the mom driving it refused to submit to the orders of one of Montoya’s fellow officers.

SHOT AT A VAN FULL OF KIDS BECAUSE THE DRIVER WOULDN’T FOLLOW ORDERS. Not a reason to use deadly force.Had this been you or me, we’d have been in jail for misuse of deadly force…maybe attempted murder.

He got suspended while they waited to see if things would cool down…which they didn’t.

But at least he got fired. It is a start. Accountability for Police officers is as (or more) important as accountability for regular citizens.


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How long did it take to repeal Prohibition?

How long did it take to repeal Prohibition?

When the 21st Amendment was ratified on this day, Dec. 5, in 1933, it ended Prohibition 13 years, 10 months, and 19 days after it began. The time had not passed quickly, according to journalist H.L.

What were the effects of prohibition?

Prohibition was enacted to protect individuals and families from the “scourge of drunkenness.” However, it had unintended consequences including: a rise in organized crime associated with the illegal production and sale of alcohol, an increase in smuggling, and a decline in tax revenue.

Who benefited the most from prohibition?

Which group in American society benefited most from Prohibition? Those who benefited most were the ones who controlled the illegal production and sale of alcoholic beverages. How were families affected by changes sweeping American society in the 1920s?

How did prohibition change society?

How did organized crime impact the 1920s?

As organized crime syndicates grew throughout the Prohibition era, territorial disputes often transformed America’s cities into violent battlegrounds. Homicides, burglaries, and assaults consequently increased significantly between 1920 and 1933. In the face of this crime wave, law enforcement struggled to keep up.

How did prohibition contribute to the growth of organized crime?

Why was prohibition a bad idea?

Nationally, the homicide rate per 100,000 people rose almost two-thirds during Prohibition. Prohibition created more crime. It destroyed legal jobs and created a black market over which criminals violently fought. It also diverting money from the enforcement of other laws.

What started prohibition?

Prohibition was the attempt to outlaw the production and consumption of alcohol in the United States. The call for prohibition began primarily as a religious movement in the early 19th century – the state of Maine passed the first state prohibition law in 1846, and the Prohibition Party was established in 1869.