English (2016) | Class 11 (First Year) | AHSEC | Assam Higher Secondary – Previous Year Question Paper

Full Marks: 100

Time: 3 hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions

1. My father gets a faraway look in his eye that’s unmistakable. As he looks towards the horizon and his seek out the bright flashes of snow-capped peaks, we all know what he’s thinking. Mountain tops have always had that magnetic effect on him.
2. As I grew up I inherited some of my father’s restlessness. I know many people think there must be some compulsion for the son of Edmund Hillary to climb mountains. They assume that I need to compete, or measure up as if there was some strong mark on stone that says, “Thou shalt climb mountains” – and in particular Everest, whether you like to or not. But for me it’s simpler than that. I think families are like factories: some manufacture lawyers while others produce landscape gardeners. The Hillary family is a limited production mountaineering establishment.
3. Today, at the age of 48, I am a determined mountain man: love to climb them, love to dream about them. I have been or more than 30 mountaineering expeditions, from the Himalayas to the Antarctic. And yes, I have climbed Everest twice. I treasure the same things that drew my father to climbing – great feeling of friendship and trust among people who work together, sense of pleasure and excitement, especially in dangerous place where your life depends upon making the right call. I guess I am luckier than most because I can fall back on all that my father has taught me. One devastating day in 1995 this advice saved my life.
4. Just below the summit of the mountain known as K2 or the “savage mountain” of the Himalayas there is a steep ice channel called “The Bottleneck.” I was among a party of eight climbers heading for the summit, with just 400 meters left to climb. Perched there, 8200 meters above sea-level and looking east along the northern edge of the Karakoram Mountains to the Tibetan Plateau, I noticed curls of ominous cloud began to move in suddenly and quickly with great force.
5. As the weather worsened, I became concerned. I stopped. Something didn’t feel right. At that moment I clearly heard my father’s voice. Down. Go down. Stick to your guns, Peter.
6. Then from above me, I heard another voice – a women’s. “Come on up. Use the red rope.” Alison Hargreaves, a fellow climber, was encouraging me to join her. Note for you, peter. Was that my father’s voice again? The unsettled feeling in me grew stronger. Finally I told Jeff Lakes, my climbing partner, that I was going down. He too was feeling unsure, but decided to go on ahead. As I looked back at Jeff a couple of time, until a thick, threatening cloud blocked with view, soon the same fast moving cloud would engulf the summit and plunge me into an isolated world of terror.
7. Don’t be afraid to make your own decisions. Don’t be afraid to stand alone. That was my father’s voice.
8. Alone in body but not in spirit I descended. But with fear tapping upon my shoulders, I was caught in the frightening situation of the rising storm. The flanks of the mountain were out of control and so, perhaps, was I.
9. Fear makes you careful. Fear makes you good. Fear, my father told me, is not something you manage. So I seized on what I could control: a well-clipped descended and a taut rope. For hours I continued to go down rope.
10. When I awoke in my tent the next morning, it was silent, sunny, still. I alone had successfully descended from the summit pyramid of K2 that night.
The seven above were dead.
11. Life in a famous family has its advantages and disadvantages. Lunches with Indira Gandhi or a trip to the North Pole with Neil Armstrong are one – although a rather extraordinary – side of the coin. The other can be a battle with identity and independence. When I am 80 years old myself, I know I will more than likely still be greeted with, “Wait a minute, you’re Ed Hillary’s son!” But my father is quite a man and I am proud of him.
(a) Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) What does the son read in his father’s eyes? (1)
(ii) What is “The Bottleneck”? (1)
(iii) What was the fate of the seven companions who climbed the K2 summit? (1)
(iv) In what way does the author consider him more fortunate than other mountaineers? (1)
(v) State any two qualities that the speaker has inherited from his father. (2)
(vi) “The Hillary family is a limited production mountaineering establishment.” What does the speaker mean by this? (2)
(vii) What was the father’s opinion about ‘fear’? How did it help the author? (2)
(b) Pick out words in the passage that mean.
(i) Sitting on a high and dangerous position. (Para 4) (1)
(ii) Tight and completely stretched. (Para 3) (1)
2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
There are two problems that cause great worry to our educationists – the problem of religious and moral instruction in a land of many faiths and the problem arising out of a large variety of languages.
Taking up the education of children we see that they should be trained to love one another, to be kind and helpful to all, to be tender to the lower animals and to observe and think right. The task of teaching them how to read and write the count and calculate is important, but it should not make us lose sight of the primary aim of moulding personality in the right way.
For this, it is necessary to call into aid culture, tradition and religion. But in our country we have, in the same school, to look after boys and girls born into different faiths and belonging to families that live diverse ways of life and follow different forms of worship associated with different denomination of religion. It will not do to tread the easy path of evading the difficulty by attending solely to physical culture and intellectual education. We have to evolve a suitable teaching method for serving the spiritual needs of school children professing different faiths. We should thereby promote an atmosphere of mutual respect, a fuller understanding and helpful cooperation among the different communities in our society. Again we must remain one people and we have therefore to give basic training in our schools to speak and understand more languages than one and to appreciate and respect the different religions prevailing in India. It is not right for us in India to be dissuaded from this by considerations as to overtaking the young mind.
Any attempt to do away with or steamroll the differences through governmental coercion and indirect pressure would be us futile as it would be unwise. Any imposition of a single way of life and form of worship on all children or neglect of a section of the pupils in this respect or barren secularization will lead to conflict between school and home life which is harmful. On the other hand, If we give due recognition to the providing prevailing faiths in the educational institutions by providing suitable facilities for religious teaching of boys and girls of all communities, this may itself serve as a broadening influence of great national value.
(a) On the basic of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Add a suitable title to it. (5)
(b) Make a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. (3)

3. You are arranging a picnic to Kaziranga next Sunday. Describe your preparations to your classmates in about 100 words. (6)
A distinguished person visited your school/college recently. Prepare a report on the visit in about 800 words to be published in “The Assam Tribune”. (6)
4. Young boys and girl hardly show any respect to rules and regulations these days. They often end up by creating problems for themselves and for their parents. Your Principal has called for a special session to discuss this issue. Prepare a speech to be delivered in the session as a representative of the students. (100 – 150 words) (6)
You are concerned about the reckless feeling of trees leading to environment degradation. Write an article on “Crow more trees” to be published in a local newspaper. (100-150 words) (6)
You are Ranjana/Ranjan. You have seen advertisement in a local daily for the post of a science teacher in Pub Guwahati High School. Write a letter to the Headmaster of the school in response to the advertisement applying for the post. (8)

6. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners: (½ x 2=1)
(i) We have very ____ information. (Few/little)
(ii) Do you have ____ question? (Some/Any)
(b) Rewrite the following sentences with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: (½ x 2=1)
(i) English (speak) all over the world.
(ii) If it (rain), we will not go.
(c) Fill in the blanks with appropriate model auxiliaries: (The sense of the sentence is indicated in brackets) (½ x 2=1)
(i) We ____ love our country, (moral duty)
(ii) I ____ pay my loan. (Compulsion)
(d) Correct the following: (½ x 2=1)
(i) My mother never listens what I say.
(ii) It is raining since morning.
7. (a) Complete the following piece of conversation by choosing the correct alternative from the brackets: (2)
I said to him, “____ (what/when) are you doing now?”
He replied, “I am writing a few essays as part of my ____. (Preparing/Preparation) for the examination.”
(b) Rewrite the following sentences as directed: (1×2=2)
(i) She is the most intelligent girl in the class. (Use the comparative degree of ‘intelligent’)
(ii) He knows what my name is. (Make it a simple sentence)
8. Rearrange the words in the following to form meaningful sentences: (1×2=2)
(i) Slowly and we near silently the target moved.
(ii) Talking please stop you will?

9. Read one of the stanzas given below and answer the question that follow:
(a) “And who art thou?” Said I to the soft-falling shower.
Which, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here translated?
“I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain
Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea”.
(i) Where do these lines occur? (1)
(ii) How does the shower fall? (1)
(iii) Where does the rain rise from? (1)
(iv) Find a word in the passage that refers to “Something that cannot be touched”? (1)
(v) Why does the rain describe itself as the Poem of Earth? (4)
(b) Silence surrounds us. I would have
Him prodigal, returning to
His father’s house, the home he knew,
Rather than see him make and move
His world, I would forgive him too,
Shaping from sorrow a new love
(i) Why does the father say that silence surrounds them? (1)
(ii) Does the speaker want his son to belong to a different world? (1)
(iii) What can be shaped out of sorrow? (1)
(iv) Find a word in the passage that means “Extravagant” (1)
(v) What idea do you form about the relationship between father and son from the quoted lines? (4)
10. Answer any two of the following questions: (2×3=6)
(a) Whose transient feet is the poet talking about? Why are they transient?
(b) Why is the age of eleven so important for the poet?
(c) Why would the poet’s mother laugh at the snapshot?
11. Answer briefly any five of the following questions: (2×5=10)
(a) Mention three reasons why the author’s grandmother was disturbed when he started going to the city school?
(b) What did Wu Daozi paint for the Emperor?
(c) What is the Green Movement and what are its aims?
(d) What did Elwin notice about our attitude towards wild animals?
(e) How did the sparrows react to the death of the author’s grandmother?
(f) How is man the most dangerous animal is this world?
12. Compare and contrast the Chinese and the European concepts of painting. (6)
“We have not inherited this Earth from our forefathers; we have borrowed it from our children”. Justify this statement. (6)
13. Comment on the influence of English – the language and the way of life – on Indian society as reflected in Iyengar’s story “Ranga’s Marriage”. What is the narrator’s attitude to English? (6)
“The school system often curbs individual talent” – Discuss with reference to Einstein’s experience at school. (6)
14. Answer briefly any two of the following question: (2×3=6)
(a) What was Einstein’s idea of education?
(b) What did Ranga think about marriage?
(c) How did Ranga and Ratna react when they saw each other?

Follow our Socials:

We are happy you are here

Oh No!

error: Alert: Content is protected !!
Secured By miniOrange


Cameroon Sea Temperatures

We track the current and average sea water temperatures for 4 locations in Cameroon. Search the list below to find the place you're looking for.

The place with the highest sea temperature in Cameroon today is 29.05° C (84.29° F) in Bamusso. The lowest is in Douala, where the temperature of the water is 26.83° C (80.3° F).


• Fri. May 27th, 2022

Emoni Bates – Bio, Age, Height, Single, Body Measurement, Nationality, Career

Apr 28, 2022

Emoni Bates is an American basketball player from Ann Arbor. Emoni Bates was a small forward for the Lincoln High School team. Additionally, Emoni placed highly in the Michigan state tournament.

Emoni Bates was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan on January 28, 2004. Emoni was born under the sign of Aquarius and is seventeen years old. Additionally, Emoni’s given name is Emoni James-Wayne Bates. Additionally, Emoni is an American citizen and a member of a biracial ethnic group. Elgin “E.J.” Bates is Emoni’s father, and Edith Bates is his mother. Additionally, Emoni’s father was a former professional basketball player and his mother worked in the American Red Cross’ Logistics Department.

Emoni Bates attended Lincoln High Institution in Ypsilanti, Michigan, a public school. Additionally, Emoni attended Ypsi Prep Academy in Ypsilanti, Michigan, and was a member of their squad.

Professional life

Emoni Bates began playing basketball at the age of three and frequently slept with a little basketball under his arm, dribbling around his house. Emoni’s father later taught him basketball by shooting about and working on his agility through various drills. Additionally, in fourth grade, Emoni competed against high school seniors in a rec league in Saline, Michigan. Additionally, Emoni began his athletic career as a member of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU).

Additionally, Emoni participated in football during her early school years. Emoni first garnered national attention in early 2016, when he led the Toledo Wildcats AAU team to a Chicago tournament. Additionally, Emoni attended Clague Middle School in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and was listed as a seventh-grader as the number one player in the 2022 class by recruiting website Future150. Emoni, on the other hand, sat out his eighth-grade season to train alone.

Emoni averaged 17 points per game against older competition throughout the summer of 2018 in the Nike Elite Youth Basketball League (EYBL), a notable summer circuit. Emoni made his freshman season debut on November 26, 2018 against Ann Arbor Huron at the Ypsilanti Tip-Off Classic. Emoni was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated in his sophomore season on November 4, 2019.

Emoni scored 24 points in his season debut against River Rouge High School but was limited to 6-of-21 shooting. On January 27, Emoni scored 42 points in an 83–56 victory over Jackson High School. Emoni wore the number 24 jersey during the game as a tribute to his childhood idol Kobe Bryant, who died the day before in a helicopter tragedy.

Season & Recruiting

Before his junior season, Emoni announced his transfer to Ypsi Prep Academy, a new prep school in Ypsilanti founded by his father. Emoni made his debut against Chet Holmgren and Team Sizzle on November 12, 2020. Emoni is a consensus five-star prospect and one of the top players in the 2021 class, according to major recruiting organizations. Emoni was given a scholarship by NCAA Division I program DePaul in seventh grade.

Achievements and Earnings

In 2020, Emoni Bates, a rising high school student-athlete in the United States, was named Gatorade National Player of the Year. Emoni was named Michigan Gatorade Player of the Year and MaxPreps National Freshman of the Year as a freshman. Additionally, Emoni was selected Division 1 Player of the Year by the Associated Press and was named to the All-State first team.

Emoni Bates may have earned a good living as a professional basketball player. There is, however, no information available on Emoni’s net worth or salary.

Status of Relationships

Emoni is single and unmarried. Additionally, there is no information on Emoni’s relationship. Apart from that, there is no additional information about Emoni’s past relationship.

When it comes to Emoni’s speculations and scandal, he has remained a bystander until now. Apart from that, Emoni is concentrating his efforts on his personal and professional lives. Additionally, Emoni prefers to avoid rumors and controversy.

Body composition analysis and social media

Emoni Bates is six feet eight inches tall and weighs 88 kilograms. Emoni has both black hair and black eyes. Additionally, Emoni’s physique is 42-32-35.

Emoni Bates has a rather active social media presence on platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. His Instagram account @emoni21 has a following of over 386 thousand. Emoni has around 25.3 thousand followers on Twitter. Emoni’s Facebook page currently has over 5.7 thousand followers.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published.


Attract talent

Team announcement

Aktify Taps Duke Neuroscientist to Enhance its Conversational AI Platform

Aktify Taps Duke Neuroscientist to Enhance its Conversational AI Platform, Aktify

Aktify today announced that Ashley Wilson, Ph.D., has joined the company as an AI product manager and researcher. By adding Wilson, the company reinforces its science and technology team to develop conversational AI products.

Wilson joined Aktify from Duke University. As a Ph.D. student and postdoctoral researcher, she led a team in studying the biological mechanisms of decision-making. She brings her behavioral research expertise and approach to Aktify. Wilson is now analyzing millions of Natural Language Processing (NLP) datasets to make AI conversations as empathetic and productive as possible.

Before earning her Ph.D. in neuroscience, Wilson graduated with a B.S. in neuroscience at the University of Rochester. Her studies included examining sensory processing in people with autism. Wilson's research continued at Johns Hopkins. She investigated genetic and cellular links of psychiatric diseases.

"I chose to leave academic research for an exciting opportunity at Aktify to contribute research around how people communicate with AI and to help build something truly amazing," said Wilson. "I believe the depth of what we can learn from our conversational data will have a big impact on the future of conversational AI."

"In just a few short years, Aktify has helped improve millions of conversations between brands and prospects," said Kreg Peeler, Co-Founder and CEO of Aktify. "To continue fulfilling our mission to deliver productive conversations at scale, we need to have the sharpest minds working on our AI products. We are honored to have Ashley on our team. With her incredible skill set and experience, we are poised to unlock more data science, innovation, and emotional intelligence."


What To Do When You Are Ghosted In A Relationship

What To Do When You Are Ghosted In A Relationship

What is ghosting? What is ghosted meaning in a relationship? What is the impact on somebody when they are ghosted in a relationship?
Ghosting is probably one of the worst things somebody can do to their partner in a relationship. Ghosting is pretty common when it comes to friends and acquaintances too.

Ghosting commonly refers to a situation where you are all of a sudden abandoned by known people, people who are very close to you without receiving any kind of explanation for the same. It is a cruel treatment done by certain individuals to people who have come close to them for a certain definitive period of time – to suddenly leave them all alone, out in the cold. When you are the one who has been ghosted, it can be a painful and disappointing feeling, no doubt. It can be even more traumatizing to have your partner as the person who has ghosted you, after spending moments of love and solace with you.

You will naturally be left in the dark regarding why your partner has ghosted you, especially when chances are that they will never contact you again. You will quite obviously, be wondering and left confused about why your partner is not calling or texting you anymore, why they don’t want to see or hear from you anymore, ever in their life again. You will be unable to decipher why they are acting the way they are, literally seeing through you and pretending as if you don’t exist. Cutting off someone from one’s life for good is true, a drastic step to take.

In the present generation of social media, it is a common practice on the part of many people to break up with their partner via a simple text, on social media platforms or maybe by ghosting them and out of the blue, leaving them all alone.

If you are someone who has been ghosted in your relationship, you will most probably go through a lot of mental anguish and torment, since you do not get to hear from someone who has left you forever and does not want to be in contact with you anymore. But keep in mind, sooner or later, you have to let go of the hurt and disappointment regarding the fact that someone has ghosted you.
When someone has ghosted you, they have proved to you that they are individuals with low moral values and they do not possess even the basic decency to admit to you that they do not want to be in a relationship with you anymore. These are people who simply want to get rid of you from their life, and they have done exactly that by ghosting you. It is imperative that you let these people go as well, as they will not do you any good.

Here’s what you can do when you have been ghosted by someone in a relationship:

1. Seek out an explanation:

Everybody deserves closure, and when someone ghosts you, your first instinct is to call them, text them or try to contact them in any way possible in order to know why they did what they did in the first place. It is the only logical step, and you lose nothing if you take this step. Getting the closure that you deserve will only happen if you are able to get in touch with your partner and receive an explanation as to why they have ghosted you.

2. Do not expect anything:

If they have left you, they have left for a reason, right? When someone who was in a relationship with you has ghosted you, they are probably the last person from whom you should expect anything, anything at all.

3. Do not wait for them to come back:

Many people make the mistake of not letting go and living life with the expectation that the person they were in a relationship with (who also happens to be the one who has ghosted them) might come back to them and be in their life at some point of time or other. These thoughts that they have been doing more harm than good. If you are someone who has been ghosted in your relationship, you should not think of them coming back at any point in time, because our expectations are the ones that hurt us deeply.

4. Avoid stalking them on social media:

When someone has left you without an explanation, you might be tempted to check out their latest activities on social media. Do not do this, as this will cause you even more pain and anguish. Most probably they have removed you from their life and moved on, without even thinking twice. So, the best thing to do here would be to stay away from the social media handles of people like them.

5. Accept that they have left you:

The person who has left you without providing an explanation has only proven their own cowardice through their action. The best way you can find mental peace in this situation is to accept that they are gone from your life, possibly for good. Acceptance is peace.

6. Gradually move on from them:

With the passage of time, it would be good if you move on from your past and start living in the present. Hang out with your friends, spend more time with your family, do activities that you like doing. Moving on is never easy, and when you are finally able to move on, you realize how strong you are as a person.

Being ghosted in a relationship is an unfortunate occurrence, something no one ever has to face. However, if you do find yourself on the receiving end of this, it will take some time on your part to recover from this, We hope the above tips help you!

Read more

10 Qualities of a Good Lover

Pin this for later

What To Do When You Are Ghosted In A Relationship


an autodidact meets a dilettante…

‘Rise above yourself and grasp the world’ Archimedes – attribution

Posts Tagged ‘capacitors

what is electricity? part 3: capacitors, dielectrics and confusion

leave a comment »

an electrophorus, apparently

Canto: I’ve found a useful website on the history of the capacitor, which tells us that the term condenser was an early term for a capacitor, presumably because it accumulates charge, condensing it – like condensed milk?

Jacinta: Condensation in chemistry, or whatever, means transformation from a gas, or vapour, to a liquid. Remember they were thinking of an electrical fluid in the early days.

Canto: Well this excellent website on the early days tells me that the effect they were creating by rubbing  a glass globe is now called the triboelectric effect. And by the way it was Franklin who worked out that it was the glass that was creating the effect – nout to do with water, it seems.

Jacinta: Yes, it’s an everyday effect – you can get it just through combing your hair, or rubbing a plastic pen on your sleeve and then picking up bits of paper. I did it at school! I was very sciencey in them days.

Canto: Interestingly, there are lots of nice comments on this website, pointing out that the term for capacitor in a number of European languages is kondensator, or variants thereof. But we get yet another story here on early Leyden jars, which I’ll need to unpick:

It was realized also at Leyden University that it worked only if the glass container was held in your hand and not if it was supported by an insulating material. Today we realize that the alcohol or water in contact with the glass was acting as one plate of the capacitor and the hand was acting as the other while the glass was the dielectric. The high voltage source was the friction machine and the hand and body provided a ground.

Jacinta: So sometimes water was used as a ‘plate’ instead of the tin foil on the inner surface, and the hand was acting as the other plate. So, different versions of Leyden jars. And the dielectric? Yet another unexplained term.

Canto: Yeah, they just never simplify things enough for fuckwits like us. A dielectric is apparently an insulator. Or, as Wikipedia expands it, it’s ‘an electrical insulator that can be polarised by an applied electric field’. Now, I thought that an insulator was the opposite of a conductor, that it tends to be a bad conductor, something that’s difficult for a charge to pass through. Or is that a resistor? Anyway, I can see how dielectric, meaning two, has to do with polarisation, positive and negative, but it still remains vague. I just thought an insulator kind of protects people from getting electric shocks.

Jacinta: So, going back to Crump, here’s a quote:

Franklin succeeded in giving Leyden jars both positive and negative charges, and showed that the force itself was stored in the glass of the jar with the charge being proportional to its surface area.

I DO NOT UNDERSTAND THIS. I WANT TO UNDERSTAND. Does he mean positive and negative charges at the same time? Is that what a dielectric is? And when he says the force was stored in the glass, and the charge bore a mathematical relation to the surface area of the glass, does he mean a different thing by force and charge? And if the charge is proportional to the surface area of the glass, does that mean that if the surface area of the glass was equal to, say, the surface area of a glassy planet Earth, you’d get a more than respectable charge? And if our universe has a surface area?

Canto: The universe isn’t made of glass, I learned that from Dava Sobel’s The glass universe. Or not.

Jacinta: Okay, let me look up some common definitions before we go on.

dielectric is a material that transmits electricity without conducting. That’s to say, an insulator (BUT I DON’T UNDERSTAND WHAT THIS MEANS). Examples of dielectric materials include glass, ceramics, metallic oxides, plastics and dry air.

An insulator, electrically speaking, is a material in which electricity can’t flow freely. In such materials, electrons are tightly bound – though it’s all relative. They’re said to be resistive. So presumably there’s a connection between resistors and insulators. Most insulators are non-metals.

conductor is a material that allows a flow of electrrical charge, aka a current. Metals, such as copper wire, are commonly used as conductors.

Electric charge – and I think this is really the biggie – is a state or property of matter when a certain force from an electromagnetic field is applied to it. Or when it is within an electromagnetic field. But we won’t try to define an electromagnetic field until part 30 or so. An electric charge can be positive (carried by protons) or negative (electrons). This is not, of course, a full definition.

Triboelectricity is a charge of electricity gained by friction. The triboelectric effect can be varied and unpredictable, depending on the precise structure of the materials being rubbed together.

A capacitor, originally called a condenser, a term first coined by Volta, is… well, we posted a piece over four years ago called ‘What are capacitors?’ – but we’ve never thought about them since…

Canto: Yes, I’ve skimmed through that piece and I barely understand it. Let’s just say for now that a capacitor is a device for temporarily storing electricity, but that it differs from a battery somehow.

Jacinta: Okay, one more term used in Hackaday’s ‘History of the capacitor’ that needs explaining is hygroscopic. It says that soda glass, whatever that is, is hygroscopic. Franklin used soda glass in his experiments, apparently.

Canto: Google only tells me something about soda-lime glass, which I’m hoping is the same thing. It’s the most prevalent type of glass, composed of 70% silicon dioxide, or silica, 15% soda (sodium dioxide) and 9% lime (calcium oxide). The other 6% is made up of ‘other’. Hygroscopic materials attract water molecules from the surrounding environment, either by absorption or adsorption, but Wikipedia, which gives a large list of hygroscopic materials, makes no mention of glass or silicon as hygroscopic, though it does mention sodium salts.

Jacinta: So let’s move on with the history of these electrical discoveries, and maybe we’ll solve the problem of our own ignorance along the way. I note that potted histories of the battery, such as the one I’m about to quote from, don’t bother to distinguish between a battery and a capacitor:

Ben Franklin built an electric battery using glass window panes and thin lead plates. Using his “electric battery,” a term he coined himself, he showed how electricity could be stored in the glass and passed through it. Shouldn’t we call it the great-grand-dad of electric batteries?

So let’s not worry about it, though I suspect Yank jingoism is at play here. Let’s move on to Alessandro Volta.

Canto: And the continuous current battery. Volta’s first contribution to electricity was to improve on the electrophorus…

Jacinta: And here’s a great definition of the electrophorus, a device actually named by Volta:

An electrophorus or electrophore is a simple manual capacitive electrostatic generator used to produce electrostatic charge via the process of electrostatic induction.

Canto: Clear as mud. An electrophorus apparently consists of a dielectric plate…

Jacinta: Yeah, something that transmits electricity without conducting it.

Canto: Okay, let’s clear that up – perhaps. Dielectric materials don’t have free electrons for conducting electricity – they’re insulators. Electrons are, of course, electrically charged particles, and in dielectrics they’re tightly bonded to their nuclei. What does happen when an electric field or current is applied is that they become polarised. This raises the question of what polarisation actually is, and what it is about an electric field/current that causes this polarisation.

Jacinta: Not to mention whether there is a difference between an electric field and an electric current.

Canto: Okay, more work to be done. There are different types of polarisation. The polarisation of light, for example, is a complex story which we’ll have to deal with in another 50,000 part series. But here’s a general description from Britannica:

So, just off the top of my head, an electric current seems to imply direction, whereas electric field not so much. On electric polarisation, ScienceDirect, which takes material from scientific papers, has this:

I think this means that dielectrics can be separated in terms of overall positive and negative charge in their individual atomic make-up, so that they can become magnetised, sort of? Because I think of magnetism in terms of polarity. They can become polarised, like magnets, while not being able to conduct an electric charge. Maybe.

Canto: We seem to have come a long way from capacitors.

Jacinta: We got lost on electrophoruses. An electrophorus consists of a dielectric plate..

Canto: Okay, here’s another definition, from Oxford Reference:

An early form of electrostatic generator. It consists of a flat dielectric plate and a metal plate with an insulated handle. The dielectric plate is charged by friction and the metal plate is placed on it and momentarily earthed, which leaves the metal plate with an induced charge of opposite polarity to that of the dielectric plate. The process can be repeated until all of the original charge has leaked away.

Jacinta: So this gives me a visible image, of sorts. The flat dielectric plate – and I assume a plate is something flat and thin – is polarised by friction, and a metal plate, that’s to say a conductor, is brought into contact with it and then momentarily earthed (I DON”T UNDERSTAND THIS), which leaves an induced charge of opposite polarity on this other plate )I DON”T UNDERSTAND THIS EITHER), and with repetition the original charge is leaked away (DITTO).

Canto: It seems every explanation needs further explanation, and we’re constantly changing electricity’s tail. And we’ve only just begun 🎵.

History of the Capacitor – The Pioneering Years

what are capacitors?

Written by stewart henderson

December 12, 2021 at 12:34 pm

what is electricity? part 2 – the mystery gets murkier

leave a comment »

Canto: So we were trying to comprehend early ideas about electricity as a fluid, which led Franklin to define two ‘states’ of the fluid, ‘negative’ for having a deficiency, and ‘positive’ for having an excess. He also called the negative state ‘resinous electricity’ and its opposite ‘vitreous electricity’. Presumably he thought the fluid was in a balanced state before these different elements started rubbing against each other.

Jacinta: And they were trying to regain this balanced state, which made the sparks fly?

Canto: Dunno, but let’s return to Britain, where Francis Hauksbee (1660-1713), a lab assistant to Isaac Newton, was being inventive with air pumps and pneumatic engines, decades before Franklin’s 1840s experiments.

Jacinta: I’d ask you what a pneumatic engine is, but I suppose that’d take us way off topic?

Canto: Probably. It apparently has something to do with compressed air, and some kind of energy derived from un-compressing it, or something. Anyway, air pumps were used to create vacuums, or relative vacuums. Apparently, Hauksbee, an ingenious instrument maker, noted that glass was a really good material for viewing experiments, and in 1705 he performed a remarkable experiment with one of his air pumps and that mercurial, and very dangerous element, mercury (though ‘elements’ in the modern sense, weren’t known or at least defined at the time).

Jacinta: I suppose elements wouldn’t have been defined until the atomic theory became a thing.

Canto: Anyway I’m betting that his experiments with mercury shortened Hauksbee’s poor life (he was accepted into the Royal Academy in 1703, just as Newton became its president with the aim of reinstating its grandeur, but he was given special ‘low class’ status). He’d created a version of Otto von Guericke’s electrical machine, made of glass, with air pumped out, and some mercury inside. He rubbed the sphere to create a charge, and the mercury glowed when he put his hand on it (the globe, not the mercury). Fantastical, but nobody knew what it meant, except that it could be used as a source of night-light, which actually happened, but much later.

Jacinta: But nobody had much idea about whys and wherefores at this time.

Canto: They presumably speculated. A similar phenomenon, in large, was St Elmo’s fire (he was the patron saint of sailors), a bluish glow around a sailing ship, or more recently, around an aircraft. We know now this is a form of plasma, the ionised state of matter. During thunderstorms the voltage differentials are greatest – it requires a particular differential for it to happen, and the shape of the body around which the light is seen is an important factor. Pointy objects create a more intense field (Franklin realized this). The violet-blue light is caused by the nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere.

Jacinta: Are you sure you know what you’re talking about?

Canto: I’m never certain about anything, that’s my vocation, or just my fate.

Jacinta: Pneumatic tyres are filled with compressed air, or gas. So that helps to understand what a pneumatic engine might be, maybe.

Canto: So Hauksbee had found a way to accumulate an electric charge, and in 1745, in Leyden, Holland, they found a way to store this charge – an instrument that came to be known as a Leyden jar. Let me quote from the scientific historian, Thomas Crump:

The so-called Leyden jar was simply a substantial glass chamber, with separate layers of metal foils on the inside and outside surfaces. The inside was charged by a metal chain connecting it to a charged body, which then lost its charge to the air.

And this was apparently the first capacitor. We’ve talked about capacitors and supercapacitors before, but of course we barely understand them. In any case this Leyden jar device allowed a lot of electrostatic potential to build up between the inner and outer surfaces – enough to kill small birds who came in contact. Nice.

Jacinta: Or were forced to come into contact. I know they tried it on monks too. Presumably they couldn’t find the nuns.

Canto: Anyway they now had some control over this electricity thing, even if they hadn’t a clue what it was. They had some idea as to how to create and release this electrical charge thingummy.

Jacinta: So now we come to Coulomb?

Canto: No, Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) first. I’m following Crump, for better or worse. But more importantly than people, it’s batteries we’re going to focus on now. And I’m not sure where to begin.

Jacinta: It was a term – battery I mean – first used by Franklin in 1749, but what he actually created were capacitors, devices that accumulated charge, until they were discharged. Batteries – I’m kind of guessing here – are devices that store charge more or less permanently, and can release charge in a controlled way, and be recharged in a controlled way.

Canto: And what is this thing called charge?

Jacinta: Well let’s continue to grope toward an understanding. So I’ll return to Franklin. He wrote a book, Experiments and observations on electricity, made at Philadelphia in America, published in 1751. His researches led him to believe that everything contained charge, positive and negative, but that they were almost always in equilibrium, a neutral state. Or the fluid, which could be ‘negativised’ or ‘positivised’ by friction, could be returned to balance by ‘discharging’ it.

Canto: And surely therein lay a mystery. How or why did this build-up of negativity or positivity get discharged? I just don’t understand it. Not just the discharge but the creation of the charge.

Jacinta: I suppose they – Franklin, Hauksbee and the rest – just made the observation and called it ‘charge’. From whence, ‘discharge’. Maybe you’re just overthinking it. They certainly didn’t know what was going on, they just noted this reliable cause-and-effect behaviour and sought to utilise it, and find out more about it. Anyway, keep on overthinking, it might be a good thing.

Canto: Okay, Franklin was exercised by the discharge side of things. He found that pointy objects – we now call them lightning conductors – were most effective at discharging this build-up of charge, and recreating neutrality, the safe, ‘natural’ condition. A great, practical solution for buildings. But he developed a theory of sorts, of zero-sum conservation of this thing called charge. Whatever was accumulated in, say, a Leyden jar, was restored on discharge, nothing gained and nothing lost. I think.

Jacinta: Well, here’s a quote from Crump’s book, which might unenlighten us further:

Canto: Yeah, that needs unpacking, if possible. The ‘force’ being stored, is that the charge? If so, why does he use different terms? Charge is either negative or positive, isn’t it? So he was able to give these jars either a negative or a positive charge/force, but not both at the same time, though it’s ambiguous in this quote.

Jacinta: What I think he’s saying is there’s this force, which we now call electricity, which can either be negatively or positively charged, and its strength will be proportional to the surface area of the glass jar. I don’t think he was giving the jar different charges at the same time, but how he knew that the charge was sometimes positive, sometimes negative, or what that even means, I’ve no idea.

Canto: Yes, I’m more confused than ever. Let’s try to understand Leyden jars a bit more. Apparently it was invented in 1745 by one Pieter van Musschenbroek as a ‘cheap and convenient source of electric sparks’. That’s from Britannica on electromagnetism. So, to be more precise about this first jar, it was a glass vial partially filled with water, which ‘contained a thick conducting wire capable of storing a substantial amount of charge’.

Jacinta: Presumably that ‘thick conducting wire’ corresponds to the ‘metal chain’ in Crump’s description. I don’t know what the water’s for.

Canto: And Britannica makes no mention of the ‘separate layers [how many???!!] on the inside and outside surfaces’.

Jacinta: Okay, here’s a simplified picture, which might help.

So, in this one there’s no water, but I’ve seen other pics that indicate a jar more than half-filled with water, so who fucking knows. Note that there’s one layer of tin foil on the outside and another on the inside. Note the metal rod passing through a cork into this evacuated jar, and then a wire, presumably of some kind of metal, connecting to the tin foil.

Canto: Is tin a good conductor?

Jacinta: Apparently so. Not as good as silver or copper, but better than lead. And please don’t ask me why some metals are better conductors than others. It’s so frustrating trying to learn from the internet, even when you know which sites to avoid. For example, take this statement on what I’d expect to be a reliable site:

Although Leyden Jars allowed the storage and dissipation of electricity, there were still issues present. One issue was the lack of energy from the charge. While it could only attract small objects like a bit of paper, that was all it could basically do. Also, it could only perform that function after the jar was charged, which also took lots of time.

And then this, from Britannica:

The Leyden jar revolutionized the study of electrostatics. Soon “electricians” were earning their living all over Europe demonstrating electricity with Leyden jars. Typically, they killed birds and animals with electric shock or sent charges through wires over rivers and lakes. In 1746 the abbé Jean-Antoine Nollet, a physicist who popularized science in France, discharged a Leyden jar in front of King Louis XV by sending current through a chain of 180 Royal Guards. In another demonstration, Nollet used wire made of iron to connect a row of Carthusian monks more than a kilometre long; when a Leyden jar was discharged, the white-robed monks reportedly leapt simultaneously into the air.

Canto: Hmmm. One of these descriptions is not like the other. Where’s Micky Faraday when you need him?

Jacinta: I can but do my best. Let’s get back to batteries, again. Franklin’s ‘battery’ was really a capacitor, as mentioned, a way of accumulating more electric charge, and temporarily storing it, until it was required for a sort of ‘big bang’ release, I think. You can do this with Leyden jars linked together:

The above ‘device’ was used for demonstration purposes back in the day. Franklin’s electrostatic machine, though, didn’t look anything like this. It was a mammoth device of cranks and pulleys, created with much help from his friends. The mechanisation was presumably for creating as great an accumulation of charge as possible. Crump writes that Franklin built a glass and lead battery consisting of eleven condensers connected in series – which is clearly not his electrostatic machine. And apparently it wasn’t a battery, either, at least not in the modern sense. And WTF is a condenser? Anyway, this confusion has gone on long enough. We’ll try to clear some of it up next time.

Thomas Crump, A brief history of science

Written by stewart henderson

December 6, 2021 at 10:57 pm

what are capacitors?

with one comment

Jacinta: Well I’ve checked this out with Madam Youtube…

Canto: Professor Google’s co-dependent…

Canto: Which is a kind of potential energy, right?

Jacinta: An increase in capacitance.

Written by stewart henderson

August 28, 2017 at 6:27 pm


Alan Greenspan

Satisfactory Essays
Alan Greenspan

The first new rule that Alan proposed was to keep down with producivity. In the article he responds to this new rule by saying that too much efficiency pushes demand and becomes inflationary. This meaning that too much is produced and stock prices are getting higher. When this happens people begin to feel very wealthy and start to buy and buy like crazy. This is something that can cause major inflation in a future. Alan's second rule is to keep stock market prices not rising more than 5% to 6%. Greenspan comments that this has to be done because shares should rise only as fast as the rest of the economy.

These two new rules proposed by Alan are mainly to protect the country from inflation and many economists and other people don't understand it. The article also reflects that many people think that Alan is doing the wrong thing. This is mainly because they are not getting the economic benefits they wish and are not thinking about the country's economic future. A very clear example is given in this article as well. The chief economist of the Deutsche Bank, Edward Yardeni states that, "If the wealth effect continues to boost demand, then why can't productivity continue to boost supply?" I really think that this comment was really said in an angry and ambitious way. This is an economist of a bank and should really try to understand that what Alan is trying to do is right. I also think this man is seeking only his own benefits.

The chairman's decisions have brought many investors to worry. But just as Edward Yardeni, all these people are only thinking about the harm these rules will bring to their own selves. They are not aware that what Alan is doing is taking precautions so inflation will not invade the economy in the coming years.
Get Access


We may better understand supernovae after this new discovery

Credit image: pixabay images
Credit image: pixabay images

Article by: Andacs Robert Eugen, on 08 May 2022, at 08:28 am Los Angeles time

A new RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research scientists' project used computer modeling to create a hypothetical model of the evolution of a D6 supernova type at a scale of thousands of years.

Scientists tend to understand as much as possible about supernovae, as they have helped to make many discoveries throughout history, including the discovery of the expansion of the universe and its acceleration, as well as the measurement of different distances.

Supernovae are formed by the explosion of a white dwarf (an almost dead star). So, researchers must first start from there and then understand the evolution of the created object - the supernova -.

The problem is that we don't yet have a concrete idea of  what caused this explosion.

However, a recent discovery of hyperfast white dwarfs (which moves extremely fast), may help to better understand the supernovae, especially the D6-type ones that this recent research deals with.

This type of white dwarf suggests that the explosion that begins the process of creating the supernova is in turn generated by an explosion.

In a scenario of two-star in a binary system, one of the two stars suffers what is known as "double detonation", in which a layer of helium on the surface suffers an explosion that generates another explosion, actually in the carbon-oxygen core of the star.

After this last explosion, the star is destroyed resulting in a white dwarf, so that the other star escapes the gravitational attraction of the exploded star, thus being thrown with immense speeds into distant space.

However, astronomers have so far known little about what the debris would look like after these explosions.

In order to study this and show more details about the phenomenon, the team of scientists simulated the evolution of the remains left over thousands of years, thus observing some characteristics of the parent system, which according to them could be similar to the one in the presented scenario.

In short, it gave researchers the opportunity to "physically" probe a supernova, just like in a virtual environment.

"The D6 supernova explosion has a specific shape. We were not confident that it would be visible in the remnant long after the initial event, but actually we found that there is a specific signature that we can still see thousands of years after the explosion," said Gilles Ferrand, the first author of the study.

"This is a very important finding, because it could have an impact on the use of Ia supernovae as cosmic yardsticks. They were once believed to originate from a single phenomenon, but if they are diverse, then it might require a reevaluation of how we use them." said Shigehiro Nagataki, the leader of the Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory at RIKEN .

"Moving forward, we plan to learn how to more precisely compute the X-ray emission, taking into account the composition and state of the shocked plasma, in order to make direct comparisons with observations. We hope that our paper will give new ideas to observers, of what to look for in supernova remnants." continued Gilles.

Be the first to read what's new from space!


Beitrittsdatum: 8. Mai 2022

Anabol tablets ingredients, androgen receptors in the brain

Anabol tablets ingredients, androgen receptors in the brain - Buy steroids online

Anabol tablets ingredients

Our research has used 50 mg nandrolone decanoate intramuscularly biweekly which compared to testosterone has an enhanced anabolic and reduced androgenic effect," said Mr Pabrai. "A study with 20 mg of nandrolone daily on mice have demonstrated it to be safe for normal people," he said, adding that one of the main factors contributing to cancer risk was having high or low levels of testosterone, anabol tablets british dispensary 1000 tablets 5mg/tab. A study funded by the Australian Drug Foundation on the effect of nandrolone on cancer progression has shown no evidence of adverse effects, even for patients with advanced cancers, nandrolone decanoate 50 mg injection uses. "We would like to encourage everyone to start treatment with nandrolone in your first two doses – after two years is more typical. It may be one way to get an idea of how long you need," Mr Pabrai advised.

Androgen receptors in the brain

The muscle receptors in the traps are a lot more responsive to growth during a steroid cycle, due to them containing more androgen receptors compared to other muscle groups. By increasing androgen sensitivity, this has a lot of advantages for anabolic use, which will increase both strength and hypertrophy along with a lot of other changes that benefit both, such as more muscle mass, a higher protein uptake, and more growth hormones. 4: A few of steroid-induced side effects can be seen. You don't have to be an extreme bodybuilder to suffer from some of the bodybuilders' side effects from steroid use, anabol tablets methandienone 5mg. For example, those affected by an overactive thyroid can experience mood changes, low energy, increased appetite, decreased testosterone, reduced mood and body fat, and, of course, acne. 5: The body needs a certain amount of insulin or another hormone to function correctly, androgen receptors in the brain. The reason for this relationship is that growth hormone (GH) and T3 (testosterone) are needed for proper function of the pancreas, liver and muscles, thus these steroid users don't have enough blood sugar and protein levels to maintain muscle protein content. It is this high protein level that promotes growth, as it is essential for this kind of muscle growth, androgen the receptors in brain. 6: Steroids tend to increase growth hormone. This is the one common conclusion made about steroids; however, like most things in life, steroids have a downside, and is that steroid users will need to use more androgen pills (as well as growth hormone) in order to get results. This means that the body is forced to produce more androgen to compensate while being exposed to the drug, thus this results in overstimulation. 7: Steroids are very addictive and can be quite harmful if not used correctly. For obvious reasons, this would be the first aspect to be concerned about for any bodybuilder who gets hooked on steroid use, as it does cause withdrawal symptoms in some with serious side effects, anabol tablets methandienone 5mg. It is worth noting that some of the same symptoms can be experienced when someone using prescription drugs or some of the pharmaceutical steroids. However, while steroids can be problematic from a long-term standpoint, they are not dangerous, unlike using a heavy amount of alcohol or recreational drugs. 8: Steroids can have an almost immediate negative effect if one is under the age of 30 years old, anabol tablets 5mg. While the positive effects of steroids in muscle growth for older people may prove to be somewhat exaggerated at first, they do get a lot of attention in the media and are often talked about in forums regarding older bodybuilders, anabol tablets british dispensary.

Nandrolone Phenylpropionate (NPP) The first thing that you should know is that this anabolic steroid has a lot of the same properties as the compound, Nandrolone Decanoate (Deca)in terms of its anabolic steroid properties. However, NPP is a metabolite of Deca, and so it has very different effects when compared to the anabolic steroid. While Deca increases muscle size, strength, and muscle fiber number, NPP will increase lean mass and liver and lung function. Since it contains the androgenic steroids, Estradiol and Estrogen, NPP actually makes men more sensitive to Estradiol than testosterone supplementation with Deca. There are two important studies where NPP was given orally by injection at doses between 5mg and 25mg per day. In both studies, there was a statistically significant increase in liver function tests when compared to placebo. (Treatment with Deca in Men: A Novel Estradiol/ Estrogen Metabolism Analgorithm) Nordiazolidine Inhibitor In this drug review, we've looked at some common side effects associated with steroid use that commonly occur alongside steroid use, namely the common side effects of joint pain, soreness, inflammation, and acne. However, since we're only looking at common side effects here, there are some less common effects that are worth mentioning as well: Skin issues The most common reported side effect associated with steroid use is skin problems. Common problems include acne, rashes, fine lines, and blemishes. If you have acne, then you're more likely to get acne when taking steroids due to the increase in hormones that you're exposed to. The more you use steroids, the more you're exposed to the negative effects, which means more of your skin is exposed to the risks associated with steroid use. However, in some cases, other issues can occur when you use steroids. You can have an allergic reaction to steroids, or even a reaction that is totally unrelated to the steroid use. This is known as a "seizure response". These are a common and common side effect when taking steroids. If you have your skin go haywire with steroids, then you may have a rash or break out after steroids use. If you have a reaction like this, then you should see your doctor immediately. This includes any steroid or hormone related symptoms you may have. A doctor can usually tell the difference between the different types of steroids and how they work. Tiredness and Sleepiness Having a very high steroid cycle is going to lead to sleepiness and tiredness. This is a common side effect that many people experience when on steroids. It can be a positive thing in some Related Article:

Anabol tablets ingredients, androgen receptors in the brain
Weitere Optionen


What is the cause of scratches on the bending surface of precision stamping parts

by：Fortuna     2021-04-23
Precision focuses on the production and processing of precision stamping parts, metal shrapnel and precision terminals. Surface scratches sometimes appear during processing of bent parts. Where does the scratches come from? The author found the following reasons in his daily work. When the processed material is bent, metal particles or dust particles stick to the surface of the working part, causing scratches on the precision stamping parts. The bending direction is parallel to the rolling direction of the material, which will cause cracks on the surface of the workpiece and reduce the surface quality. If the corner radius of the concave and convex mold is too small, cracks will appear in the bending part of the workpiece. The gap between the concave and convex molds should not be too small, too small gap will cause scratches. If the depth of the punch into the concave mold is too large, the surface of the precision metal stamping parts will be scratched. The springs on the pressing plate, positioning pin holes, pallets, and ejection holes will all be pressed into indentations.
Custom message
Chat Online 编辑模式下无法使用
Chat Online inputting...


Dr CADx is an innovative medical technology company developing AI-powered solutions to enhance patient care. Our vision is to democratise access to accurate radiology interpretation and so enable better patient outcomes and save lives. We aim to improve patient outcomes and save lives through AI-driven healthcare.

We have created an AI image analysis platform that provides doctors with fast and accurate insights when reading X-rays, and so avoid misdiagnoses. Trained and tested using thousands of images and in collaboration with radiologists and other clinicians, our breakthrough AI technology democratises access to quality healthcare by enhancing doctors’ capabilities in interpreting medical images. It enables them to realise improved diagnostic accuracy, resulting in the provision of the optimal quality of patient care.


Why do you need to use a render farm?

3D Rendering

What is a rendering engine?

What is a rendering engine? Rendering engines represent different things in different industries.!rendering engine For example, for people doing web applications, rendering engine means Gecko, KHTML / WebKit. All web browsers, email clients, e-readers, and other applications that need to display content based on a representative markup language require rendering engine.For artists making games, rendering engine refers to the core components of some edited computer game systems or some interactive real-time graphics applications. The rendering engine category includes PC, mobile, PlayStation, Xbox, VR devices, etc.For CG artists and 3D rendering, rendering engine has a different meaning.Whether it is "Avatar", "Titanic" or "Iron Man", the success of these world-class blockbusters can not be separated from building models in 3D software, and then to visual effects, rendering the final image in the renderer, and post-production software in composition, editing, and other processes.There are currently built-in rendering engines in popular 3D production software. Below we introduce several rendering engines that are currently mainstream in CG production,V-RayV-Ray is applicable to SketchUp, 3ds Max, Maya, Unreal, Cinema 4D, Modo, etc.. V-Ray is a well-known renderer in the rendering software industry. It is designed and completed by Chaos Group. It has "ray tracing" and "global illumination" rendering software. It provides high-quality pictures in 3D modeling software and animation rendering for different fields.!rendering engineArnoldFrom "Gravity" to the " Logan" and "Avengers", the blockbusters you see now basically have it in it. Arnold can perform huge scene file calculations with high accuracy. It tries to imitate the real world as much as possible without taking shortcuts, which is also related to the algorithm used to calculate images at the bottom. !rendering engineCoronaCorona is suitable for 3ds Max and Cinema 4D. Corona Renderer is the latest photo-level renderer that can improve the rendering quality of pictures and simulate the most realistic texture. It is regarded as a rising artifact for the rising star. Because Corona Renderer in a similar way to Photoshop layers, it is very easy to get started.!rendering engineRedshiftThe Redshift renderer's global light algorithm is similar to V-Ray, but also four algorithms, divided into PrimaryEngine and SecondaryEngine. And its HDRI lighting is very powerful, the light comes with soft shadows, and the built-in powerful rendering technology can help users complete the rendering of large scenes, making users render works better. !rendering engine OctaneOctane is also a GPU-based renderer. First of all, its SSS and replacement functions are very good in comparison, the speed is also very fast, the light is soft, and the rendering looks comfortable, too. If the scenario is solved with PL, the efficiency is a bit problematic.!rendering engineThe production software and rendering engine used in the CG industry have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is most important to choose the one that suits you. What is a rendering engine? Hope this article can help you.

What is rendering in the cloud?

In recent years, Disney has been keen to remake classic animations and has released live-action versions of Maleficent, Beauty and the Beast. They have achieved amazing consistency between the 3D picture and the original animated picture. It can be said that the 2D animation lens is perfectly restored.!Beauty and the BeastReference picture from Beauty and the Beast There is only one magic weapon to do this - Special Effects!In a VFX movie, these gorgeous effects are 24 pictures per second, even a short 10-second special effect. For the artist who produces the special effect, that is 240 pictures, and sometimes for production needs, And divides a screen into multiple layers. To meet the needs of rendering, most VFX studios choose to rent a commercial render farm for rendering. Of course, there are also a few companies that build their own render farm.But now the CG industry has appeared a technology called cloud rendering, also known as rendering in the cloud.Cloud rendering is to upload materials to the cloud, and remotely use the hardware of those companies that have cloud computing systems to render.This means that no matter where the artist is, he can use cloud rendering to complete the work quickly and easily. It's easy to use, the price is reasonable, and you can perform rendering operations no matter what time and place, without spending time to maintain.1. RegistrationTo use a cloud rendering service, you need to register with the platform first. Like Fox Renderfarm, there is $25 free credits for every new registration.2. Project UploadLog in and upload your project with the platform.3. RenderingThe system will automatically analyze and render your project.4. Project DownloadDownload the rendered frames with a few simple clicks.And, according to the urgency, you can arrange the order of rendering and monitor the progress of rendering anytime, anywhere. In addition, cloud rendering computing technology can also divide one or more rendering tasks into several parts, which are simultaneously rendered by each node in the cluster, thereby reducing the overall rendering time and shortening the movie production process.For example, if A wants to render a 60-second special effect, 24 pictures in 1 second, the cloud rendering can automatically distribute these 1,440 pictures to 24 machines, and each machine renders 60 pictures. In this way, the rendering time becomes 1/24, and the producer no longer has to worry about rendering issues! !home electric meter The pricing method of cloud rendering is likened to a "home electric meter", and only charges when it is usedThe development of cloud rendering is the general trend.Due to the special nature of film production, special effects studios do not always have something to do, but as soon as they receive production needs, they need to focus and render a large number of materials. If you build your own render farm, you also have to bear the burden of intermittent idle hardware, and cloud rendering is the best solution.!Mr. Hublot Mr. Hublot won the 86th Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film with rendering support by Foxrenderfarm in 2014Another advantage of cloud rendering is that it lowers the threshold for special effects production. It allows small studios to also afford high-quality material rendering, which undoubtedly brings new changes to the CG industry. For example, Mr. Hublot, which won the 86th Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 2014, was produced by an animation team using Foxrenderfarm's cloud rendering technology. This allows many teams to see more hope and the opportunity to bring more high-quality work.!Three Robots Three Robots of Love, Death, and Robots，which also rendered by Fox RenderfarmFox Renderfarm is a leading cloud render farm service in the industry. Since the foundation in 2009, Fox Renderfarm has earned a good reputation for its quality performance, great customer service and flexible pricing scheme.

What is the importance of video rendering, GPU or CPU?

What is the importance of video rendering, GPU or CPU? Video rendering is different from CG rendering in that they are completely different rendering methods.Video rendering, in general terms, is to combine the various models, effects, or animations that were made in the early stage in the post-production software. In these processes, complex effects and effects are inevitably involved. It is difficult to achieve real-time display with the current computer computing power, so after editing the graphic image, the final effect we need is output by adjusting and modifying, that is, video rendering.Video rendering requirements for graphics cards and CPU.For professional design work, 3D modeling / video rendering, general CPU multi-core and multi-thread parallel processing is very important, and requires a faster and larger cache of the CPU to temporarily store a large amount of computing data, this time CPU computing power requirements are very high.Therefore, the general professional work computer, the CPU requirements are relatively high, the general advanced architecture, multi-core, large cache high-end CPU can better meet the demand.In video rendering, the graphics card is more of an acceleration, 3D effects will rely on graphics cards.Take Adobe Premiere video editing software as an example. This professional software relies more on CPU multi-threading performance. The more cores and threads, the faster the video processing speed will be. In some video size compression and format conversion, transfer a certain amount of GPU graphics card resources, but the mobility is limited, ordinary low-end GPU graphics cards can meet the demand.Of course, it is not that professional graphics, GPU graphics are not important, general 3D modeling is more dependent on GPU graphics than CPU.In general, the modeling of 3D software depends on the CPU. Regarding the professional design, it depends on the CPU or GPU. The main focus is on the scene and the software. Generally, the CPU is mainly clipped, the GPU is accelerated, and the 3D special effects production depends on the GPU. CPUs and GPUs are important for professionally designed computers.In the rendering of video compression, the higher the GPU, the lower the GPU occupancy rate. At present, it is like Adobe Premiere video editing software, mainly based on CPU work, GPU is supplemented by such a state, and as long as Low-end GPU graphics can be very demanding.

Are render farms worth it?

Render Farm

Are render farms worth it? The answer is sure, YES. When your project is tight, the render farm can accelerate the rendering speed of your project, greatly reducing rendering time, and allowing your project to be completed ahead of or on time. Renderfarm is also a good choice when your local machine can't meet the urgent rendering needs, reducing your cost, labor, and resources, but achieving the desired results. When your local machine doesn't fit your rendering needs well, you don't need to upgrade your device, use the render farm, it's easy to use anywhere, anytime.Are render farms worth it? Why it's worth using, first let's understand what a render farm is. A render farm is a large group of computers designed and organized to meet rendering services, each called a node. The calculations that occur are called parallel calculations because each node can be given a specific and unique task, so their calculations can occur in parallel (simultaneously).Typically, the task of the host computer is to assign tasks to each render node, and the software application that does this is called rendering management software or queue manager, and each render farm has its own management software.The job assigned to each node by the host computer can be a series of images, a shot, or one of the layers (channels) or other parts of a shot. The host computer must be able to intelligently assess the needs of the entire job, the capabilities of each node, and the current network state. Once the render node has finished rendering, immediately assign another task and keep the busy state of all nodes.!Are render farms worth itRender farms have more than one hundred rendering servers compared to the normal rendering process, and even have greater scale and adjustability. And the software, renderers and plug-ins that the renderfarm can support are richer. Professional commercial render farms require professional staff to coordinate and solve problems encountered in various renderings. Even with greater rendering requirements, the render farm can complete the rendering work as time demands.Are render farms worth it? When you use a normal computer to complete a rendering task, it may take hours or even days to complete them. A powerful renderfarm with multiple render nodes can be rendered in a few minutes. Using Fox Renderfarm as an example, sometimes your local computer takes 1 month to complete the rendering task, but only 5 mins or less to complete the rendering task with Fox Renderfarm. And in the process, if there is any problem occurred, the rendering software will find and issue an alert to let the staff know, instead of the artist always staring at the computer.So the render farm is better able to control the time and labor costs in the production, helping the artists to focus on the creation. For rendering? Please hand it to the online render farm.

5 Tips To Make Rendering More Realistic

As the leading cloud render farm in the CG industry, Fox Renderfarm knows that in the creation of excellent works, if you do not follow some basic principles, even the best technology in the world can not help the works achieve real effects. Although 3D software has made great progress in the realism field, it can only let you finish 80% at most, and the remaining 20% is that the effect is between 'it looks real' and 'real'.If you are a creator of 3D technology, you need to know the needs of a scene that combines many aspects to create a true photo-realistic image. If not, you feel that a work does not achieve the goal you want, and you can't find the problem. This is very frustrating and time consuming. Here are 5 tips to make rendering more relistic, hope this can help you.1. Sharp edgeThe computer is perfect, and the real world is not perfect.This is especially true for the edges of objects. Making a cube in any 3D software, its edges are perfect, but the perfect angular edges are usually unreal, they don't exist in the real world. !5 tips to make rendering more realistic1 The two surfaces of real-world objects cannot intersect at perfect right angles while remaining completely sharp. If you look at any intersecting planes, they will have rounded corners, broken and uneven areas where they meet.!5 tips to make rendering more realistic Rounded corners look more realistic !5 tips to make rendering more realistic Observe the surrounding objects and see how they differ in their edgesThis natural fillet is very important for creating visual accuracy, they produce highlights, define planes, divide surfaces, and increase volume.Even the sharpest edges must be chamfered. A better practice is to add some subtle scratches to the edges. Popular render engines such as Arnold and Vray have their own technology to achieve this.2. Pay attention to the shadowShadows are easily ignored by 3D artists, and it's easy to be too bright or too dark to notice the parts of the lights and shadows. And a common feature of CG light sources is that the edges are too sharp, and another disadvantage is that the shadows have no gradients or changes in hue.!5 tips to make rendering more realisticThe shadows in real life are generally softer, and the farther the shadow edge is from the shadow projecting object, the softer it becomes. It is illuminated by the light portion of the surrounding environment, which affects its color and intensity. In general, the shadow intensity (shading) decreases with distance from the shadow projection object.!5 tips to make rendering more realistic You should avoid using the two light sources below, or use them very carefully. Point Lights /Omni Lights - emits light from all non-physical points in space in all directions. Not only do they produce fake lighting effects, they also produce sharp shadows.Ambient Lights – This light source has the effect of boosting the dark and midtones of the image, allowing more light to bounce off the scene, but it results in a desaturated, faded effect. The best thing is to increase the amount of global lighting bounce or add more lights to the scene.Area Lights Area Lights – This is a glowing surface. Like windows or photographic soft lights, area lights create natural shadows with soft edges and true attenuation, and they also provide the benefits of being visible on reflective surfaces, helping to add realism.Dome Lights /Skylights – Simulating large light sources, such as the sky, introduces a global light source that is useful for establishing realistic lighting conditions.Remember a simple rule that large light sources, such as area lights and dome lights, produce soft shadows, and smaller light sources, such as spotlights, produce sharper shadows.3. Add imperfectionsFor some even planar models, you need to add some imperfections to its surface. Like walls, those surfaces that look relatively clean and unweathered can still be diverse. Such as light, dust, wear, scratches and unevenness to highlights and shadows.Add noiseQuick and easy to break the perfect, noise can easily do this.A variety of rendering engines provide a wide variety of noise, try to add noise to your diffuse color or texture, adjust the scaling, so that the effect is not particularly obvious, and can subtly break the balance of the surface.!5 tips to make rendering more realistic Perfect wall!5 tips to make rendering more realisticAdd small bump details !5 tips to make rendering more realistic Mix a large bump to further break up the highlightsVery simple, right?Be careful not to overuse when adding noise patterns. You can reduce the effect by 20% when the effect is obvious, which will have a very large impact on the authenticity of your image, especially in large-scale indoor scenes.4. Focal lengthWhat is the default focal length of the camera in your 3D software?If you don't understand the effect of focus on the image, then it's a big obstacle to rendering realistic images.!5 tips to make rendering more realisticWhen the photographer composes the picture, he will pay great attention to choosing the appropriate focal length and framing frame. This is a side that 3D artists often overlook. It's too easy to start framing with the default camera. Many people don't even think about the focal length used.It is very important to have a basic understanding of the principles of composition and focal length.A common mistake is that the ultra-wide lens has no distortion, and the wide-angle lens has no depth of field. Distortion and depth of field are turned off by default in 3D software.It's best to come up with a real camera (preferably an SLR camera), experience the workings of the physical lens, study the results, and understand the choice of the lens, which will make your work better.5. Add realismHighlight highlights and bloom.The highlight in the scene will be the visible light source and its reflection. The camera and lens will handle these bright areas as much as possible. In this case, using "copy" is correct, because when dealing with these bright areas, the lens will produce some illusions. The side effects of these strong spots are usually high light and glow. These imperfections have become part of our vision, so they can add a lot of realism to the image. !5 tips to make rendering more realistic It is recommended to add these effects to post-production.!5 tips to make rendering more realisticThe image above is the original rendering. The picture below adds glow and glare.Add graininessThe film used in traditional cameras will cause the image to produce an image of particles, while the 3D image of the camera can not produce graininess, and we will break the perfection of 3D images by adding some imperfect particles.In post-production, two main grainy sensations can be added to the image. It can be programmed in a program like Photoshop or Nuke. The advantage is flexibility and height adjustment, which can be fine-tuned according to the RGB channel of the image.It is also possible to use a material containing particles for superposition, although the degree of adjustment is not high, but it is fast and effective.!5 tips to make rendering more realisticIncrease in graininessAll these tips have a common feature that breaks perfection in order to be more realistic.The best results can be achieved by observing the real world and discovering the nuances you see, making up for the gap between the 3D world and reality.

The Guide of V-Ray Rendering Manual Model (1)

The Guide of V-Ray Rendering Manual Model (1)

V-Ray Rendering

Let's take a look at the effect of rendering a picture below, which looks very much like a photo of a hand model. How to achieve this kind of effect like a manual model is actually very simple, because the V-Ray artificial light source comes with such a huge "fake" incomparable property that can render your model. You will find that you are uncontrollably rendering your building into a hand model, and most of the time you are not willing. Well, it's actually very simple, stemming from the contrast between the small scales actually rendered using V-Ray artificial light sources. Let's take a look at the real manual model photo. Well, this is the final result we want to achieve. The scale of the building is very large, and the V-Ray artificial light source will have a small sense of scale. In such a contrast, it will look like a manual model. For example, the following Siza's work Borges & Irmao Bank.If you change an object with a small scale, you will not have this contrast when you render it. You don't feel that it is a fake model, and you are more inclined to believe that it is real. Like this camera. How to achieve Let's take a look at the implementation process. The first step is to build a model In the second step, all ambient light is turned off, and two side light sources are added at two angles. (in order to compare the effects in both directions) The third step, rendering (wood material is only diffuse texture, no processing)Degree of completionThe first thing you need to consider is the degree of completion. This is a state. Obviously not only manual model rendering, but in any form of rendering work, completion is the most important one. High-computation works are not authentic, but let you completely forget the question of true truth, so that your attention can be paid attention to the design or the content itself. The biggest reason for the many disturbing renderings is that the completion is too low, and the entire image is full of wear, missing, and various bugs. Improving the so-called completion is not a difficult job, just a little care and patience. Come together to improve the degree of completion Since it is a manual model, should it be placed on a certain booth? Then add the booth Since it is a booth, maybe you will see the ground and the wall? Then add the ground and the wall Usually the manual model will install a few led lights to make the model more beautiful, then fill the internal lights Since there is lighting, we probably need to prepare a few sockets and plugs. Add some paper people and paper trees to set off the volume of the building (so does it look better?)Finally, add a nameplate, um, or you can also attach a glass cover, work ~ (put the phone across) Wow, the effect looks great! So when you don't know how to add details, what you should do is find some references to see how the real manual models are placed. Remember, look at it!It's not hard to find out, if you still have a perfect attitude in the case of ensuring the degree of completion, then you need to pay attention to the lighting and composition (or shooting angle). From: Rifle Graphics

How To Make A Realistic Rendering?

How To Make A Realistic Rendering?

How to make a realistic rendering? Why does my work look unreal? Is it a texture problem? Still a lighting problem? Or is it a rendering problem? In the renderings of the following figure, the light and shadow are a big problem from the whole: the model is not refined enough, and the material does not have the texture of the prominent object. These problems have caused no central point in the picture that can attract attention. A good model, even in the case of a prime model, still feels a real and natural feeling. Below we will look at several points in the renderings that are prone to problems. 1. Model accuracy and lighting issuesThe chandelier looks strange and looks like a lot of white aperture. If we look at the real light bulb, we will find that the light of the lamp is emitted by the tungsten wire. And the details of the chandelier model need to be increased in detail and construction. The fineness of the model determines the quality of the picture, and each part is made and properly rounded. Everything is made according to the actual situation, and the effect is different. 2. Material problem The wall lamp looks bright, but the lampshade is black. With the normal wall light on, the entire lampshade will look shiny. Therefore, this lampshade is not only for lighting, but also for the lampshade itself. 3. Model material ratio problem If the ratio is not correct, the picture will always look a little weird. If it is too big, it seems that the room is small, so the correct proportion will make the picture feel a sense of space. When doing textures, if you can't control the size of the object, you can use a character model as a reference. If you want to achieve good results, then the uneven seam of the floor, please use modeling, rather than using textures in the performance. 4. Hue, composition, level, contrast A good-looking lens composition determines the temperament of the picture. The effect diagram in the reference figure lacks composition and color tone, and the picture looks very simple. The lens and composition will make your picture look more layered and more solid. The shading level is not only applied to the shape structure of the representation object, but also to the change and balance of the picture through the interlacing of light and dark tones in the frame composition. Color is also an important part of photo composition. If we can make good use of color contrast to compose a picture, it will not only highlight the subject, but also make your photo more eye-catching. If you want to have a good work, then you must repeat the debugging of modeling, material, lighting, rendering, and post-details to achieve the best state. For the control of light and shadow and material details, it is necessary to observe the objects in real life, and various factors can be combined to make good works.

Welcome to join us

render farm free trial

Recommended reading

How to Render High-quality Images in Blender

How to render large scenes with Redshift in Cinema 4D

How the Redshift Proxy Renders the Subdivision

  • Foxrenderfarm

    Powerful Render Farm Service

  • TPN

    Business Consulting

    Global Agent Contact:Gordon Shaw

    Email: gordon@foxrenderfarm.com

    Marketing Contact: Rachel Chen

    Email: rachel@foxrenderfarm.com

    Connect with Us

Fackbook Customer Reviews


A comprehensive guide to preventing depression

Everybody goes through ups and downs but not everybody gets depressed. So what differentiates those who get depressed from those who don’t?

While hereditary factors do play a role, the good news is that depression is not all genetics and destiny – there is a lot we can do to prevent depression even when going through hard times.

In short, there is hope.

Before I share with you the action steps, here is a cautionary note: We are NOT talking about treating depression.

If you or your loved one is suffering from depression, they should most certainly take the necessary treatment and therapy. The steps outlined here are not meant to replace medical treatment but to supplement it. So take these steps along with the treatment.

Here are some specific steps to prevent and fight depression:

1. Exercise

Now, you might be tempted to dismiss this as feel-good, generic advice, but don’t. Research has shown that as a treatment, exercise is as effective as anti-depressant drugs. Exercise is free and all its side effects are highly positive. And on top of that, it has a lower relapse rate, i.e., if you are exercising regularly, you are less likely to become depressed again than if you just came out of depression with the help of medication alone.

Exercise releases a cocktail of chemicals in our brain including endorphins that improve our sense of well-being and elevate our mood. In fact, this is not just a bookish theory – I have personally experienced that after a long run, my mood totally changes. No matter how low I am feeling before the exercise, I feel way more optimistic and calm after the run. Some days, you even feel euphoric!

Yet, despite its obvious benefits, many depression sufferers don’t work out. They would tell you that they lack the energy to even get out of bed – how would they find the energy to work out?

The answer is to start small. Even if you start with a walk of 15-20 min, it is a great start. You can build on it and you will soon be walking and running long distances. Also, if possible, rope in some friend(s) who can pull you along for a workout or a walk and run. That will solve the problem of motivation.

Also, find which exercise works for you. For me, a gym membership works like magic – it has helped me sustain my workout habit for more than a decade.

Working out regularly is a life-saver, especially in the moments when you feel low.

2. Sleep

Sleep deprivation makes you irritable and destabilizes your mood. Sleep is a restorative process that allows your mind and body to recharge.

A typical adult needs between 7 to 9 hrs of sleep. So stop doing crazy late nights and start sleeping on time to wake up refreshed. I prefer to wake up without an alarm and would recommend the same for you.

3. Challenge your thoughts

Thoughts affect our mood just as our mood affects our thoughts. So if we have dysfunctional, catastrophizing thoughts, they will affect our mood. And since the mood affects our thoughts, it can even become a vicious cycle.

And it so happens that we trust our thoughts, no matter how dysfunctional. After all, we all believe that our thinking is logical. But it is often not so, especially when we are going through a low phase. In such times, we consistently make some thinking errors.

E.g., If your friend did not reply to your email and you conclude that ‘nobody loves me.’. This kind of catastrophizing leads to low mood and increases the odds of getting depressed.

But there is good news – we are not destined to have these dysfunctional thoughts – we can challenge and change them. In fact, this was a breakthrough treatment technique given by Aaron Beck and is called ‘Cognitive Behavior Therapy.’

While it always helps if you go to a therapist, you can also learn this technique on your own. At its core, the idea is simple – whenever you have a catastrophizing thought, challenge it. Ask yourself, ‘How do I know this to be true?’

To take the earlier example where your friend did not reply to your email, look at all possibilities. Could your friend have missed reading the email? Or could they have read it but decided to reply later? And even if this friend doesn’t love you, does nobody else? What about other friends? What about family members?

As you challenge your thinking with these questions, you come to a more objective conclusion. And when you stop catastrophizing, it uplifts your mood. This can be extremely effective in fighting depression. In fact, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is considered the gold standard in psychotherapy.

4. Beat stress with relaxation

Prolonged stress can lead to depression and worsen an existing one.

But thankfully, there are effective ways to handle stress. For that, let us quickly understand stress.

Stress is our body firing up its ‘fight or flight’ response triggered by the activation of its sympathetic nervous system. If this sounds like jargon, here is it in simple words – your body is getting ready to fight a physical threat by pumping up the heart rate, diverting blood to big muscle groups, slowing digestion, etc.

Stress is very useful to prevent physical danger, e.g., dashing out of the way of a car when crossing the road. But sustained stress is devastating for our body and can lead to depression.

Here are some ways to overcome stress and become relaxed:

I have personally found Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) to be amazingly effective in relieving stress. In this exercise, you squeeze and tense up each major muscle group in your body for about 10 seconds, and then relax it to feel the tension drain away. When the body is relaxed, it signals the brain that there is no threat and it too can relax.

Often, in just 15 min, PMR can take you from feeling extreme stress to feeling calm and relaxed. In this video, I do a guided PMR that you can easily follow.

Other techniques include deep belly breathing. You can breathe in, to the count of 4, hold to the count of 4, and slowly breathe out to the count of 8. These techniques are also seen in yoga and pranayam.

You can also try techniques like hypnosis, possibly using some YouTube videos for guidance.

5. Don’t compare with other people on social media

On social media, people present a very curated picture of themselves. You might feel that everyone has an amazing life and you are the only one living a mediocre life, with no excitement.

Comparing yourself to others is folly. And doing so with people on social media is an even greater blunder. It will make you feel worse and lower your spirits.

Hence I strongly urge you to lower your social media and smartphone consumption. It destroys your focus, prevents you from achieving your goals, and makes you feel helpless. All these things cause stress and anxiety, and can affect your mental health.

6. Journaling: An antidote to rumination

Quite often, we have thoughts swirling around in our heads – these can be problems, past memories, worries about the future, and unpleasant experiences. Sometimes, we replay negative experiences in our mind, again and again, struggling to find a way out.

This can harm our mental health. Journaling is a very simple yet powerful technique for handling such rumination.

Think of journaling as an intimate conversation you are having with yourself. Pick a diary and pen, and let the thoughts flow. Talk to yourself about whatever is on your mind. Specifically, if something is bothering you, feel free to address it. Let it go in whatever direction you feel like.

Sometimes, you might come up with an actionable conclusion. Other times, you may conclude that there is nothing you can do – acceptance is the only way.

Regardless, putting your pen to paper can help you put distance between yourself and your thoughts.

Do this every day and you will start enjoying it.

7. Practice gratitude

One of the most powerful antidotes to depression is gratitude. But then, why do we have to deliberately practice gratitude?

We have a tendency to adapt to everything – hence we start taking things for granted. No matter how good something is, over time we get used to it and take it for granted. When we are sick, we crave to be healthy but when we get well, we quickly forget how lucky we are to be healthy – we just take it for granted.

Deliberately practicing gratitude fights the tendency to adapt and makes us realize the blessings we have been taking for granted. Depressed patients have reported feeling a strong improvement in their mood by practicing gratitude.

While there are many ways to practice gratitude, here is a simple journaling technique called ‘three blessings’ or ‘three good things.’

In your journal, write down three good things that happened to you that day, and why they happened. If someone was responsible for the good things, convey your gratitude to them by writing it down. This will help you see the amazing things in your life that you take for granted, such as your family and health.

8. Find social connect

Don’t isolate yourself. Make friends, meet them up for dinner, play games, or just sit and talk to them. Making social connections has a strong positive impact on your mindset.

But remember – we are talking about real social connections, not the kind you make on Facebook.

9. Do fun activities

Dance, sing or do anything that makes you happy, especially if it is physically engaging. These activities will release endorphins and other neurotransmitters that will make you feel good.

10. Community service

When we are of service to others, it takes our attention away from our own miseries. Also, doing good for others creates strong positive emotions. Also, it can be a great way to break our ruminations by moving the spotlight away from ourselves.

So find opportunities to help others and be kind. You could teach some kids, help your elderly neighbors, or find any opportunity to do good.

It will change how you feel about life.

11. Meditation

One of the best techniques for relieving stress is meditation. There are many techniques, though the simplest yet very powerful technique is ‘mindfulness of breath.’ I practice it regularly and find it extremely relaxing.

In Transcendental Meditation and similar techniques, you repeat a mantra silently in your mind. This mantra can be any word – e.g., you can just repeat ‘calm’ again and again, focusing on the word. If your mind wanders, gently bring it back.

Also, I recommend loving-kindness meditation. It involves offering good wishes to others and is a great way to build kindness and positivity. It helps purge your mind of enmity, anger, and other negative emotions, which can cause low moods and depression.

12. Deep work and flow

One way to beat the feeling of low and helplessness is to generate a sense of progress in life. Working with full focus on something that matters to you can be immensely calming. Also, when you make progress, it can give you a high.

Furthermore, doing focused work can help create the flow state where we are so deeply absorbed in the activity that we lose track of time and our own selves. Flow is a fantastic experience and can enhance our sense of well-being.

So set a timer for 50 min, and work on a task that matters to you with switching attention. See what happens when you do that!

13. Avoid alcohol and drugs

Alcohol is a depressive you should strictly avoid if you feel depressed or have felt so in the past. Other drugs also cause immense harm to your mind and body and can worsen your mental health. Drugs like cocaine destroy the dopamine receptors and can make it harder for addicts to experience any kind of pleasure. Hence please avoid these things scrupulously.

So that’s it for now. Obviously, this is not an exhaustive list but it should be enough to get started.

Remember – all the theory in the world is useless unless we translate it into action. So pick a few things from the above and start acting on them.

I wish you good times and hope that the dark clouds of depression never come into your life, and if they do, they lift very quickly. Good luck, and stay in touch.

The author, Rajan Singh, is the founder of HabitStrong.

HabitStrong Newsletter by Rajan Singh

In this fortnightly newsletter, Rajan shares inspiring lessons and stories from his career as an IPS officer, McKinsey consultant, investor, and now, as a startup founder. Join 25,000+ subscribers.

Similar Posts

Copy link
Powered by Social Snap