Bank First Total Assets vs Shareholders Equity Analysis

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Symbol  BFC
Name  Bank First National
Country   United States
Exchange  NASDAQ

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Some investors attempt to determine whether the market's mood is bullish or bearish by monitoring changes in market sentiment. Unlike more traditional methods such as technical analysis, investor sentiment usually refers to the aggregate attitude towards Bank First in the overall investment community. So, suppose investors can accurately measure the market's sentiment. In that case, they can use it for their benefit. For example, some tools to gauge market sentiment could be utilized using contrarian indexes, Bank First's short interest history, or implied volatility extrapolated from Bank First options trading.

Pair Trading with Bank First

One of the main advantages of trading using pair correlations is that every trade hedges away some risk. Because there are two separate transactions required, even if Bank First position performs unexpectedly, the other equity can make up some of the losses. Pair trading also minimizes risk from directional movements in the market. For example, if an entire industry or sector drops because of unexpected headlines, the short position in Bank First will appreciate offsetting losses from the drop in the long position's value.
The ability to find closely correlated positions to Bank First could be a great tool in your tax-loss harvesting strategies, allowing investors a quick way to find a similar-enough asset to replace Bank First when you sell it. If you don't do this, your portfolio allocation will be skewed against your target asset allocation. So, investors can't just sell and buy back Bank First - that would be a violation of the tax code under the "wash sale" rule, and this is why you need to find a similar enough asset and use the proceeds from selling Bank First National to buy it.
The correlation of Bank First is a statistical measure of how it moves in relation to other equities. This measure is expressed in what is known as the correlation coefficient, which ranges between -1 and +1. A perfect positive correlation (i.e., a correlation coefficient of +1) implies that as Bank First moves, either up or down, the other security will move in the same direction. Alternatively, perfect negative correlation means that if Bank First National moves in either direction, the perfectly negatively correlated security will move in the opposite direction. If the correlation is 0, the equities are not correlated; they are entirely random. A correlation greater than 0.8 is generally described as strong, whereas a correlation less than 0.5 is generally considered weak.
Correlation analysis and pair trading evaluation for Bank First can also be used as hedging techniques within a particular sector or industry or even over random equities to generate a better risk-adjusted return on your portfolios.
Pair CorrelationCorrelation Matching
Continue to Trending Equities. Note that the Bank First National information on this page should be used as a complementary analysis to other Bank First's statistical models used to find the right mix of equity instruments to add to your existing portfolios or create a brand new portfolio. You can also try Portfolio Suggestion module to get suggestions outside of your existing asset allocation including your own model portfolios.

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When running Bank First National price analysis, check to measure Bank First's market volatility, profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, growth potential, financial leverage, and other vital indicators. We have many different tools that can be utilized to determine how healthy Bank First is operating at the current time. Most of Bank First's value examination focuses on studying past and present price action to predict the probability of Bank First's future price movements. You can analyze the entity against its peers and financial market as a whole to determine factors that move Bank First's price. Additionally, you may evaluate how the addition of Bank First to your portfolios can decrease your overall portfolio volatility.
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Is Bank First's industry expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of Bank First. If investors know Bank First will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about Bank First listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.
The market value of Bank First National is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Bank First that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of Bank First's value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is Bank First's true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because Bank First's market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect Bank First's underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.
Please note, there is a significant difference between Bank First's value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine Bank First value by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Bank First's price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.


BRASIL ON Earnings before Tax Over Time

BRL 41.46  1.60  4.01%

Continue to BRASIL ON Performance and BRASIL ON Correlation.
Please note, there is a significant difference between BRASIL ON's value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine BRASIL ON value by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, BRASIL ON's price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.
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AMN - USA Stock
Amn Healthcare Services
Business Address8840 Cypress Waters
ExchangeNew York Stock Exchange
USD 111.66
Continue to BRASIL ON Performance and BRASIL ON Correlation. Note that the BRASIL ON NM information on this page should be used as a complementary analysis to other BRASIL ON's statistical models used to find the right mix of equity instruments to add to your existing portfolios or create a brand new portfolio. You can also try Idea Optimizer module to use advanced portfolio builder with pre-computed micro ideas to build optimal portfolio .

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When running BRASIL ON NM price analysis, check to measure BRASIL ON's market volatility, profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, growth potential, financial leverage, and other vital indicators. We have many different tools that can be utilized to determine how healthy BRASIL ON is operating at the current time. Most of BRASIL ON's value examination focuses on studying past and present price action to predict the probability of BRASIL ON's future price movements. You can analyze the entity against its peers and financial market as a whole to determine factors that move BRASIL ON's price. Additionally, you may evaluate how the addition of BRASIL ON to your portfolios can decrease your overall portfolio volatility.
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3D fossil algae over 541 million years old reveal a modern-looking lineage of the plant kingdom

Reconstruction of cross-section with Protocodium sinense, showing similarity with modern Codium. Credit: Shu Chai

Paleontologists have identified a new genus and new species of algae called Protocodium sinense that predates the origin of modern land plants and animals and provides new insight into the early diversification of the plant kingdom.

Discovered at a site in China, this 541-million-year-old fossil is the first and oldest green alga of this age to be preserved in three dimensions, enabling researchers to investigate its internal structure and identify the new specimen with unprecedented accuracy. The study was published today in BMC BiologyOpening a window into a world of evolutionary mysteries that scientists are just beginning to solve.

“Protocodium belongs to a well-known strain of green algae And it has surprisingly modern architecture, showing that these algae were already well diversified before the end of the Ediacaran period, says co-author Cedric Arya, a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology in the University of Toronto’s College of Arts and Sciences and is based in Royal Ontario Museum (ROM). Its discovery touches the origin of the whole plant kingdom It puts a familiar name to the organisms that predated the Cambrian explosion more than half a billion years ago, when the world’s first modern ecosystems appeared. “

3D fossil algae 541 million years old reveals a modern-looking lineage of the plant kingdom

Protocodium sinense images using electron microscopy (A) and X-ray tomography (BD). BD panels reveal the internal structure. Credit: Xu Chai, Cedric Arya and Hong Hua

The newly discovered Protocodium fossils were found by a team led by Honghua, professor of geology, including Xu Zhai, a postdoctoral researcher, both from Northwest University, Xi’an, China. It is part of the Gaojiashan flora, the name given to a large group of exceptionally well-preserved fossils, in the Dinging Formation in southern Shaanxi Province. In the past 20 years, this geological formation has produced important fossil species documenting the end of the Ediacaran period 541 million years ago.

Organisms and their parts that do not originally absorb minerals – unlike shells or bones – require exceptional conditions to be preserved. In this case, the entire fossil and its fine cellular detail were preserved in three dimensions due to the replacement of the original organic matter by phosphate. This mode of preservation allowed researchers to use electron microscopy and X-ray techniques to roughly slice the fossil, revealing its precise internal structure and eventually identifying it as a relative of modern Codium, a type of seaweed.

The fossils of the protocodium are small balls half a millimeter wide, like large grains of pollen, covered with a large number of smaller domes. Thanks to the 3D scan, the researchers determined the domed surface to be part of a complex single cell containing thin filaments called a siphon. This shape is typical of some modern unicellular seaweeds that have many nuclei.

Simplified lineage or tree of life showing the relationship of Protocodium and other green algae, known as chlorophytes, with other major plant lineages. Credit: Cedric Arya

The discovery of Protocodium may require caution when identifying general Ediacaran spherical fossils, and may indicate that organisms such as Codium are in fact much older and widespread. The famous Doushantuo fossil embryos, also from China and preserved in 3D, have been at the center of discussions about the deep origin of some groups of animals. The specific stages of some of these animal-like embryos resemble unicellular Protocodium on the outside, but the 3D slicing reveals how they consist of so many cells. On the other hand, several 2D circular fossils of uncertain algae or other affinities are also known from the Ediacaran and earlier periods, but in less detail.

“We know that the seagrass-like fossils are at least a billion years old,” says Chai, the study’s first author. “But so far, the flat, granular two-dimensional preservation has made it difficult to identify more than general morphological structures.”

Collage image showing the outer surface of Protocodium sinense (left), view through the outer layer made up of centrioles (middle, coloured) and central siphons (right, coloured). Credit: Cedric Arya

Green algae are photosynthetic organisms, which means they convert light and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen. So potentially important foundations for Earth’s early ecosystems, the study indicates that green algae did indeed originate in the world’s shallow waters as recyclers of carbon dioxide and oxygen producers before the Cambrian explosion.

Aside from its smaller size, Protocodium looks surprisingly identical to modern Codium, a type of green algae found in many seas around the world. Certain types of this seaweed are notorious for being invasive – such as the fragile subspecies Codium tomentosoides, dubbed “dead man’s fingers” because of their appearance, and are common alongside commercially farmed oysters. From an evolutionary perspective, green algae Like ancient Protocodium, terrestrial plants share a common ancestor that was thought to be 1 billion to 1.5 billion years old, but is now likely to be even older—the designation of Protocodium very close to a modern group that pushes back the history of the entire plant kingdom.

“It is critical that such an organism has remained practically unchanged for at least 540 million years,” Arya says. “By Ediacaran, evolution has pushed it toward a stable adaptive zone—it has been resting there ever since, and more than that, it has been so successful. So much so that Codium nowadays takes advantage of global trade to easily outcompete other algal species.”

Scientists take a closer look at the first animals on Earth

more information:
A Codium alga stem variety from the newest Ediacaran in southern China provides a taxonomic overview of the early diversification of the plant kingdom, BMC Biology (2022). DOI: 10.1186 / s12915-022-01394-0

Introduction of
University of Toronto

the quote: 3D Fossil Algae Over 541 Million Years Old Reveals a Modern-looking Lineage of the Plant Kingdom (2022, Sep 20) Retrieved Sep 21, 2022 from


Life after death in hinduism pdf books

Hinduism deals the endoflife with good and bad death, emphasis on good karma. This present book by swami sivanandaji maharaj is a departure from the. Life after death most hindus believe that humans are in a cycle of death and rebirth called samsara. Oneworld, oxford, england, 1995, 154 pages for millennia, issues concerning death and the afterlife have been a major motif in the scriptures of the worlds great religions. In this chapter, we shall note a number of passages in the new testament which will. Death for the hindu is merely transition, simultaneously an end and a new beginning. Reincarnation and personal immortality the circle and. Raymond moody, who wrote life after life in 1975, one of the first popular books about ndes, told cnn in. Hindu metaphysics answers to universal questions about the end of life. Over two thousand years ago saint tiruvalluvar wrote that death is like falling asleep, and birth is like awakening from that sleep. Himalayan academy publications life after death kauais hindu.

Progress, apocalypse, and completion of history and life after death of the. The problem of life beyond death has ever been a most fascinating one from time. Some members of the buddhist and hindu religions interpret neardeath. Beliefs about life after death are derived both from the ancient hindu texts and from popular belief. Hindus believe that there is a soul atman in all living. But no hindu really fears death, nor does he look forward to it. The belief that there is a life after death is one of the oldest concepts of human. Download life after death in world religions ebook free in pdf and epub format. Hinduism such as ancient ashram life is to resolve human suffering that arises from samsara, from the bound of relatives, from this dramatic world, the world where human comes for acting. The book can be read as a summery of many of jungs major themes running throughout his writings, including his own dreams on the subject. Pdf lack of cultural competence can have serious consequences on.

The book was first published in 1995 and has been reissued. We hear that asuras have sanjivani vidya, by which they can resurrect the dead. Hinduism teaches that through enlightened knowledge the cycle can be broken. What becomes of the soul after death the divine life society. Swami abhedananda rallies against many also dogmatic ideas present in christian theology regarding the fate of thesoul after death. Insight life after death putting an end to our fears, classical hindu metaphysics holds the answers to the universal questions about the end of our life. Pdf karma, reincarnation, attachment, detachment in. In this video i ask a question about rituals followed during 16th day of the soul separated from body. The simple answer is, we can either be reborn punarjanma and experience life once again, or be liberated moksha from the cycle of rebirth samsara.

Bible proof of life beyond death although science and nature offer arresting evidence of the reality of some kind of life after death, it is only by divine revelation that we have definite knowledge concerning the hereafter as it effects the departed human soul. When the lessons of this life have been learned and karmas reach a point of intensity, the soul leaves the physical body, which then returns its elements to the earth. Karma and rebirth are the two great pillars of hinduism as well as buddhism. Jung is a shorter discussion on the nature of the soul based on jungs own experience. What exactly happens after death according to hinduism. We hear in the mahabharata, the serpents have nagamani, or serpent jewel, that can bring back the dead to life. For hindus, death is nobly referred to as mahaprasthana, the great journey. The first seven chapters cover the religious ideas of afterlife in hinduism, zoroastrianism, judaism, buddhism, christianity, islam, and the bahai faiths. This is used by jayanta to bring shukra back to life.

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Anatolian Eagle

Anatolian Eagle is an air force exercise hosted by the Turkish Air Force and held at 3rd Main Jet Base at Konya, Turkey. There are both national and international exercises held, the international exercises usually involving air arms of the United States, other NATO forces, and Asian countries.


What is the Atkins Diet?

Atkins Diet is officially called “The Atkins Nutritional Approach”. It was promoted by Dr. Robert C. Atkins through his book, Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution, in 1972. In 2002, a revised version of the Atkins diet was introduced through 2nd book, Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution. Another book regarding this diet, The New Atkins for a New You, was released in 2010.

The basic principle of the Atkins Diet is limiting the consumption of carbohydrates (especially refined carbs) in one’s diet and replacing them with more proteins and fats so that the body is switched from carb-burning to a fat-burning machine. According to Dr. Atkins, naturally, the main source of energy for our bodies is carbohydrates (NOT fat). Our bodies will only switch to burning fat when it is short on carbohydrates. Overweight or obese people tend to take in too many carbohydrates and this will prevent their bodies from burning their body fats.

How does the Atkins Diet Work?

The science behind this diet is that one’s body is fueled by protein and fat, and in the absence of carbohydrates, the body will burn its stored fat to maintain the blood sugar level. In this way, the body will lose weight naturally without missing out on important essential fats, thus improving health issues due to being overweight, such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, etc.

Atkins Diet and Diabetes

According to Dr. Atkins, this low-carbohydrate high-protein diet is great for those with irregular blood sugar levels, either hypoglycemia or diabetes. The body will take a longer time to break down both proteins and fats when compared to carbohydrates and sugars, and this will result in fewer hunger cravings and a steadier conversion of glucose. However, this diet is still not accepted as a therapy for any disease.

Phases and Principles of The Atkins Nutritional Approach

The four phases of the Atkins Nutritional Approach are: Induction, Ongoing Weight Loss (OWL), Pre-Maintenance, and Lifetime Maintenance.

The four principles of this approach are weight loss, weight maintenance, good health, and disease prevention.

  • By cutting down the consumption of carbohydrates, the body will be switched to burn fats, thus leading to weight loss.
  • Managing both CCLL* and ACE** will help in weight maintenance. (*Critical Carbohydrate Level for Losing (CCLL): a synchronized carbohydrate level that allows fat burning thus weight loss. **Atkins Carbohydrate Equilibrium (ACE):  a level of carbohydrate intake on which the body weight does not fluctuate.)
  • A controlled carbohydrate yet nutritionally balanced diet offered by the Atkins diet, together with easy-to-follow exercises, promotes good health as well as reduces the risk of having chronic diseases.

Atkins Diet Phase 1: Induction (Inducing Weight Loss)

As per its name, this is the phase where you’ll induce or kick start your weight loss journey by turning your body from carb-burning into a fat-burning machine. Atkins claims that you’ll be able to lose up to 15 lbs (about 7 kg) within the first 14 days, though results will differ depending on the individual.

In this phase, you’re only allowed to have proteins (e.g. fish, seafood, meat, poultry, eggs, cheeses), healthy fats (butter, mayonnaise, olive oil, and vegetable oils), and vegetables, with a total of 20 g net carbs daily. Since cheeses do have carbs in them, limit the intake to 4 oz (about 4 slices) a day. About 12 g to 15 g of daily net carbs should be from vegetables.

You need to drink at least 8 glasses (8 oz) of plain water, but limit caffeinated tea or coffee to 2 cups a day. To avoid constipation, include more fiber in your drinks or meals (e.g. psyllium husks, ground flax seed, and wheat bran). Watch out for hidden carbs in sauces, gravies, and dressings, as well as the sugar content in chewing gums and cough syrups.

Atkins Diet Phase 2: Ongoing Weight Loss (OWL) (Losing Weight Steadily)

Going into Phase 2, you will have more types of food and carbohydrates added back to your diet. Besides food from Phase 1, now you can have some berries (e.g. blueberries, raspberries, strawberries), nuts and seeds, yogurt, heavy cream, etc.

During OWL, you are allowed to add additional 5 g net carbs a day for each week. For example, for the 1st week, you will have 25 g of net carbs a day. Going into the 2nd week, you can have 30 g net carbs a day, and so on. You will be adding extra carbs each week until you find your Critical Carbohydrate Level of Losing weight (CCLL), which is the optimum level of carbohydrates for losing extra weight. The range of CCLL will be around 25 g to 45 g net carbs depending on the individual and can be more if you have an active lifestyle.

Atkins Diet Phase 3: Pre-Maintenance (Learn How to Maintain Weight)

After losing a lot of weight in the previous 2 phases, you are now 10 pounds from your targeted weight. You will move slower to find your own carb balance, or Atkins Carbohydrate Equilibrium (ACE). You will be adding more low-carb foods to your daily diets, such as starchy vegetables, legumes, fruits, whole grains, and whole-grain products.

During this Pre-Maintenance phase, you will be adding an additional 10 g of net carbs a day for each week. Once you have reached your goal, you will switch to maintaining your weight. The number of net carbs (in grams) you have daily without changing your weight will be your ACE. The ACE for each individual will be different, it may be much higher or just a few grams higher than the CCLL, or maybe the same as the CCLL.

Once you have got your personal carb balance, you will need to keep your weight steady for at least a month by staying below your ACE. This is the time for you to fine-tune your eating habits before moving into the last phase, which is Lifetime Maintenance.

Atkins Diet Phase 4: Lifetime Maintenance (Achieve Targeted Weight Goal)

Your goal weight is now stable and now you are proceeding to the last phase, Lifetime Maintenance. Besides having foods from the earlier phases, you can slowly reintroduce more foods in the coming months and years. If a certain food has caused weight gain, hunger, cravings, or any other carb intolerance symptoms, then remove it from your food list.

You are now very clear about what types of foods and the quantity you can eat in order to maintain your current weight. You may need to make some alterations to your ACE as time goes by as you get older or you may have made some changes to your lifestyle. If you properly follow it without cheating, your weight will not fluctuate more and you will never regain your weight.


Case Study: A Complex Estate Dispute Without a Will

Framed paintings on a gallery wall representing the paintings at issue in an estate dispute

A Very Valuable Estate

The deceased was described by the court as a renowned Canadian figure skater and artist. He passed away in Mexico on January 23, 2015, having lived there for 23 years. When he died, he had no will, and his three siblings (“B”, “C” and “G”) were named the sole heirs of the estate, with B being named the trustee.

The estate had a number of very valuable assets, including about 20,000 pieces of original artwork, chattels, bank accounts, and property. The total value of the estate was estimated to be just over $6.25 million. By the time the issue reached the courts, the estate contained $429,958 in cash as well as $1.5 million in artwork.

Short-Lived Co-operation

The three siblings initially agreed on how the estate was being managed. The real estate and some of the artwork was sold, with the proceeds divided amongst them. A number of other items were divided amongst the siblings as well.

However, after some time, C and G became concerned about how B was managing the estate. They testified that they were concerned about how the remaining assets were going to be handled. A large collection of the deceased’s artwork was listed for sale in Canadian art galleries while the remainder was held in storage. While C and G wanted their share of the artworks distributed to them, B wanted to continue to sell it through galleries. C and G did not agree with this because the galleries take a large commission on the sale of artwork. They were also worried about too much artwork being sold too quickly, lowering the value of the remaining pieces.

C and G asked the court to appoint what is known as an Estate Trustee During Litigation (ETDL) while the courts determined what would be done with the artwork. Meanwhile, B said she was acting in the best interests of the estate, and that even though her siblings did not approve of her methods, she was entitled to deal with the estate as she saw fit.

The Court’s Analysis

The court agreed that C and G might have a valid concern, writing:

“The administration of this Estate is neither simple nor straightforward and has become highly adversarial. (G and C) argue that (B’s) handling of the artwork is more focused on her vision of (the deceased’s) legacy than administering the Estate in the interests of the beneficiaries. In my view, their concern may be justified. (B) appears to have a personal interest in the outcome in conflict with the other beneficiaries.”

While the court was not prepared to make a ruling on whether B should be able to continue handling the artwork in the manner she had been, it did think it appropriate to appoint an ETDL until the outstanding issues could be sorted out.

If you are facing a dispute over the handling of an estate to which you have an interest, contact the estate litigation lawyers at Eisen Law in Toronto. We can help resolve even the most complex trust and estate litigation matters. Please call us at 416.591-9997 or reach us online to schedule a free consultation.


Asked By: Xavier Lee Date: created: Feb 18 2022

How many linear feet are in an acre

Answered By: Miles Moore Date: created: Feb 19 2022

If one acre is a square (two-dimensional figure with four straight sides, whose four interior angles are right angles and whose four sides are of equal length), each side is 208.7103 linear feet (square root of 43,560). The perimeter would be 834.8413 linear feet (208.7103*4).Sep 7, 2006

Asked By: Brian Perry Date: created: Jan 27 2022

How many linear feet is 4 acres

Answered By: Michael Wood Date: created: Jan 27 2022

If you assume that your property is 4 equal sides, then you can take the square root (√) of 43,560 and find out that each side would measure 209'. Since this is based on a square, you would take 209 linear feet x 4 sides, to arrive at 835 linear feet of fence to enclose that acre.

Asked By: Isaiah Peterson Date: created: Dec 30 2021

How many linear feet is 5 acres

Answered By: Fred Hall Date: created: Jan 01 2022

The distance around a 5 acre property depends on the shape, not just the area. If this property is a square then each side is of length 466.7 feet and would require 4 × 466.7 = 1,866.8 feet of fencing.

Asked By: Bernard Hall Date: created: Sep 16 2022

How much is 32 linear feet

Answered By: Charles Patterson Date: created: Sep 16 2022

2×4 boards: 8 feet times 4 boards = 32 linear feet.

Asked By: Nathan Cooper Date: created: Jun 05 2022

What lot size is 1/2 acre

Answered By: Reginald Martinez Date: created: Jun 08 2022

An acre is 43560 square feet so half an acre is 43560/2 = 21780 square feet. If your 1/2 acre plot of land is a square with area 21780 square feet then each side is of length √21780 feet.

Asked By: Raymond Sanders Date: created: May 18 2022

How many linear feet is 15 acres

Answered By: Joseph Johnson Date: created: May 21 2022

Ronald, There are many possibilities! One acre is 43,560 square feet so 15 acres is 15 × 43,560 = 653,400 square feet. If all 4 four sides are of equal length and the corners are square, that is the lot is a square, then the side length is √653,400 = 808.3 feet.

Asked By: Evan Miller Date: created: May 03 2022

How many feet square feet are in an acre

Answered By: Charles Wright Date: created: May 03 2022

Acre to square feet conversion (ac to sq ft) table

Acre Square feet
1 Acre 43,560 Square Feet
2 Acre 87,120 Square Feet
3 Acre 1,30,680 Square Feet
4 Acre 1,74,240 Square Feet
Asked By: Gabriel Henderson Date: created: Jan 15 2022

How many linear feet is 50 acres

Answered By: Jayden Murphy Date: created: Jan 15 2022

One acre is 43,560 square feet so 50 acres is 50 × 43,560 = 2,178,000 square feet. If the parcel is a square then each side is of length √2,178,000 = 1,475.80 feet. Hence the distance around the parcel is 4 × 1,475.80 = 5,903 feet, a little over a mile.

Asked By: Wallace Hall Date: created: Oct 07 2021

How do you convert linear feet to acres

Answered By: Fred Rodriguez Date: created: Oct 10 2021

To calculate acres by hand, multiply your length and width (in feet) to get square feet. Try our length conversion tools, if needed. Then divide by 43,560 to determine the size of the land in acres.

Asked By: Keith Hall Date: created: Apr 04 2022

What is the perimeter of an acre

Answered By: Connor Martinez Date: created: Apr 05 2022

An acre is 43560 square feet o it it's a square of side length s feet then s2 = 43560. Hence s = √43560 = 208.71 feet. There are 4 sides to the square so the perimeter is 4 × 208.71 = 834.84 feet.

Asked By: Robert Peterson Date: created: Feb 12 2022

How many acres is 200 feet 200 feet

Answered By: Brandon Morris Date: created: Feb 14 2022

So 200 by 200 square feet is equal to 0.92 acres approximately.3 days ago

Asked By: Douglas Peterson Date: created: Sep 21 2021

What is the linear footage of 5 acres

Answered By: Carlos Jackson Date: created: Sep 23 2021

It might be a square, a rectangle, a circle, a triangle or some irregular shape. The distance around a 5 acre property depends on the shape, not just the area. If this property is a square then each side is of length 466.7 feet and would require 4 × 466.7 = 1,866.8 feet of fencing.

Asked By: Abraham Perry Date: created: Jul 19 2022

How do you calculate an acre of land

Answered By: Christopher Allen Date: created: Jul 19 2022

43,560 square feet = 1 acre
The math is straight-forward for converting square feet to acres — just divide your property's square footage area measurement by 43,560. The result is the land area in acres.

Asked By: Edward Henderson Date: created: Nov 12 2021

What are the dimensions of 2 acres

Answered By: Robert Morris Date: created: Nov 12 2021

An acre is a unit of area and it can be in any shape. An acre is 43560 square feet in an acres so 2 acres is 87120 square feet. If it is in the shape of a square then each side is √87120 = 295.16 feet so once around is 1180.64 feet. there are 5280 feet on a mile so approximately four and a half times around is a mile.

Asked By: Graham James Date: created: Mar 16 2022

How much is 3 linear feet

Answered By: Fred Morris Date: created: Mar 18 2022

Inches to linear feet conversion chart

Inches Linear feet
12 inches 1 linear foot
24 inches 2 linear feet
36 inches 3 linear feet
48 inches 4 linear feet
Asked By: Joshua Sanchez Date: created: Dec 22 2021

How many square feet are in a linear foot

Answered By: Walter Watson Date: created: Dec 24 2021

In most home-improvement situations, that's usually the length and width of a room, a countertop or another surface. To calculate the area of a room in square feet, you need to make your measurements in feet. For example, the area of a room that measures 12 linear feet by 8 linear feet is 96 square feet.

Asked By: Henry Gray Date: created: May 13 2022

What is the length and width of 1 acre

Answered By: Nathan Richardson Date: created: May 15 2022

1 acre is approximately 208.71 feet × 208.71 feet (a square) 4,840 square yards. 43,560 square feet.

Asked By: Wyatt Watson Date: created: May 24 2022

What is the perimeter of 4 acres

Answered By: Cyrus Martinez Date: created: May 27 2022

The perimeter of a 4 acre square – Math Central. Question from samantha: What is the distance in miles or how many laps to make a mile, if one was walking around 4 acres of land which is like a square? \frac{5280}{417.42} = 12.65.

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Education and news for smart DIY landlords!

How to Get Your Tenants to Clean Regularly (7 Tips)

A tenant with an attitude of cleanliness is a very good investment for a landlord. Tenants like these will guarantee a very low to zero damage in your rental property and the costs of maintenance will be less.

But there are other tenants who are quite the opposite. You might have come across one after failing to do a thorough background check. Whether you've got clean or dirty tenants, here are ways to ensure cleanliness at all times. Read on.

1. "Brief" your tenants

Before they move into your property, tell them about your expectations, house rules, and cleanliness standards. Emphasize that their home has to be clean. If they share a common area, these areas should also be free of trash, mold, and pests. Let them know that cleaning is their responsibility and not yours.

2. Require cleanliness criteria in the lease

One way to make sure your tenants clean regularly is to include cleaning and criteria for cleanliness in the lease. This will encourage them to do the work because they know the consequences of not abiding by the lease terms. A lot of landlords make the mistake of not including cleanliness in the lease and because of that, they cannot easily evict tenants who turn out to be untidy pack rats.

3. Post very specific cleaning signages

Signages on trash or dirt hotspots would also encourage your tenants to maintain cleanliness in that area. Tenants are prone to disregard cleanliness on specific areas either because of an untidy personality or just plain carelessness. Postings will help in reminding them.

4. Record property condition and document the mess

Now, this is very important. Always keep photographic evidence of the original condition of the rental before letting the tenant settle in. You can use this as a reminder or piece of evidence evidence or leverage when performing a regular inspection, settling a dispute, or whenever you tend to a “pre-existed” damage reported by the tenant.

5. Remind them regularly of cleaning

Talk to your tenants regularly about their cleaning performance. A simple “Hey, I saw something over that area, you should dispose of those properly and keep that area properly clean.” is better than leaving your tenant alone only to find that a landfill has already manifested in your property.

6. Inspect regularly

This is the best way to encourage tenants to clean. Visit your property regularly and inspect its condition. If you don’t like what’s happening, time to bring out a warning, the lease, and the photographic evidence of the property condition before they moved in. If you like how they treat your property, then offering a reward for their good behavior will encourage them to continue what they started.

7. Lead by example and provide materials

Tenants would sometimes not maintain cleanliness in your property for the fear that they might do the cleaning wrong and would cause damages. You should lead by example by showing them the proper way to clean with the right materials. Provide them with the necessary materials as well.

These are very important tips to follow in ensuring that your property will be clean throughout a tenant’s stay. For landlords with community-type properties, you can talk with your known tidy tenants and ask them for help in encouraging good behavior in your rental property.


Tag Archives: ex-machina

Employment and living with AI

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence has always been a fascinating aspect of cyber culture, particularly for someone like me, who grew up on thought-provoking science-fiction films such as ‘Her’ and ‘Ex-Machina’. In fact, ‘Ex-Machina’ was one of the reasons for which I chose to explore the idea of Artificial Intelligence for my digital artifact. My intention is to create a 4-part podcast exploring the historical, moral, philosophical and ethical aspects  of Artificial Intelligence.

Alan Turing
Source: http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03092/SHOT_11_029__3092453b.jpg

The origins of Artificial Intelligence are commonly traced backed to the revolutionary mathematician Alan Turing, who first questioned whether machines can think. His adaptation of a the imitation game, which eventually became famous as ‘the Turing test’ , and according to prof. Noel Sharkey is “a useful way to chart the progress of AI” (Sharkey, 2012). Turing’s revolutionary research into Artificial Intelligence set the way for authors such as Arthur C. Clarke and Isaac Asimov, whose three laws of robotics have evolved from just a literature device into sort-of rules which are upheld by robotic scientists and researchers.

Another interesting aspect of artificial intelligence that I intend on researching, is the way that artificial intelligence has been represented in science-fiction films, from ‘Blade Runner’ to ‘Ex-Machina’. In presenting this idea, I will review the 2015 film ‘Ex-Machina’ and examine how the film deals with the fore-mentioned aspects of Artificial Intelligence. I have already begun extensive research into each individual aspect and look forward to presenting my progress through each blog post.

Sharkey, N 2012, ‘Alan Turing: The experiment that shaped artificial intelligence’, BBC NEWS, 21st November, viewed 10th March 2016,  <http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18475646>


More heresy about sitting

One of the curious things about Zen is that, whilst the central part of our practice, zazen, entails an intensely physical posture, and one which is very specific in its form, there’s very little discussion about that posture, apart from hackneyed instructions about having a straight spine, tucking our chin in and pushing up with the top of the head.

Which, anyway, are wrong. The mind is forcing the body into a shape which only increases tension and reinforces an unconscious body/mind duality.

It’s helpful to remind ourselves that the Chinese and Japanese masters took it as a matter of course that people practicing zazen would practice in the full lotus position.

But hardly any western zen practitioners can do full lotus.Quite often they might practice in half lotus or quarter lotus. Sometimes they practice in the burmese position. These alternative  cross-legged positions are not symmetrical.

Obviously when you’re in half lotus, your pelvis is tilting. But even if you’re in the burmese position, your pelvis isn’t symmetrical because one foot being in front of the other torques it.

By an odd coincidence, at the start of lockdown I started sitting much more. But also, because of a knee injury, I started sitting in a chair. I would sit on a little zafu, about half the height I would normally use, which I placed on a firm chair.

Whatever else can be said for it, sitting on a chair is an even posture; there’s a clear balance between left and right. And I think because of that balance I became much more aware of my pelvic floor, much as I would have been had I ever been capable of full lotus.

In the Fukanzazengi and in other instructions about Zazen, we’re given an instruction that just before we start, when we’re in position, we sway from left to right, but we’re not given an explanation why.  I think the reason is that it balances our weight between our two sit bones, so we’re not inadvertently weighing down on one side more than the other, or having our spine off centre.

We’re balanced. Our physical weight is dropping down equally through our sit bones and energetically our weight is going down through our centre at the perineum, where, in the traditional Indian outlook, our first chakra is located.

What I’ve noticed, because of an increased awareness of my pelvic floor, is that my perineum isn’t an undifferentiated area. Specifically, I’ve noticed that if I move very slightly and slowly forward and back (my weight going slightly further forward on my pelvic floor and then slightly further back), I can find an area which  to me feels like (though may not anatomically be) a smooth, round bone. When my weight appears to drop down through that area, it does something to my posture.

It seems to produce what I experience as an energetic, pulsing response. It’s as if my spine becomes like a gently uncoiling snake, and there is sometimes pulsing in my third eye. The crown of my head and my thoracic spine feel as if they are effortlessly going up. Having an awareness of that precise position seems to make the posture deeper, my whole body and breathing dynamically integrated.

Because of all of this, I wonder if the instruction about swaying was incomplete and, hence, misunderstood. Should the sway be a delicate, deliberate sway, not just from side to side, but from front to back too?

My desire is to open up the physicality of Zazen from its subservient and given position, to make it a fruitful area for the exchange of experience, and enquiry. If we don’t do that, the risk is that zen will, with some exotic kinks, be incorporated into a dominant yet unbalanced western view of meditation, which doesn’t just privilege consciousness over alive embodiment, it doesn’t even see it. Which would be a catastrophe.

Once we do open ourselves to somatic enquiry, then all sorts of exploration becomes possible. For example, in kundalini yoga ( and tantra), much emphasis is placed on the coccygeal gland, located near the tip of the tailbone, which is closely associated with kundalini energy. To what extent is that engaged through the posture? Isn’t it legitimate to be at least curious about that?

It may be said that somatic enquiry has nothing to do with zen. But that’s disingenuous. We are given a very specific posture, which originated in yoga. If we close ourselves off to somatic inquiry, our view will become – and often has become – brittle and ignorant, and fetishises the posture rather than becoming intimate with it. And, I think, the joy and the heart of practice would be lost.


Human Science

Instructions: Please answer four the following questions to the best of your ability,the assigned readings and/or any independent sources you may wish. Make sure that you answer one question about Yalom and one about Fromm. Please insure your answers are no less than 2 and no more than 4 double spaced type written pages in length (12 point font.) Your answers will be graded on content only, not on style or the mechanics of writing.      Irvin Yalom incorporates several important  features of Freuds thinking about the unconscious mind, but rejects or modifies other. What elements of Freuds work does he keep, and which does he reject, and why?   Irvin Yaloms ideas about existential isolation borrow heavily from the thought of Heidegger, Buber and Erich Fromm. Discuss.   Stanley Milgrams experimental studies of obedience to authority defied expectations and changed the way people thought about human nature. Describe his method, his findings, and the impact that they had on the practice of experimental social psychology. What were the critiques levelled at him by Diana Baumrind and Ian Nicholson?   What is the authoritarian personality? What are some of its most salient characteristics, and what social conditions promote the emergence of authoritarianism?   According to Erich Fromm, the meaning of the term obedience to authority depends entirely on what mode of authority we are talking about. What would Fromm say about Milgrams experiment on obedience? What are the different modes of authority that Fromm enumerates in his work? What are their most salient characteristics? How do they impact human development, especially as regards the development of conscience and the capacity to think critically?   Fromms ideas about humanistic and authoritarian religion are closely related to his ideas about rational and irrational authority. How are these different religious orientations aligned with rational or irrational authority? What role do rational and irrational authority play in Judaism and Christianity historically (according to Fromm)? And in Buddhism?

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October 6, 2022

Exercise makes you strong

Portland Trail Blazers: The Road To Attrition and Redemption

The Portland Trail Blazers period has mercifully occur to an stop. The moment substantial hopes led to a painful crash to the base. Now it&#8217s time to sift via the wreckage to determine out what&#8217s up coming in RIP Town.

If we&#8217re sincere with ourselves, the Portland Trail Blazers 2021-22 time began sliding off the rails, just before anybody touched a basketball. Very first, they &#8220fired&#8221 Terry Stotts (he experienced no want to return), and their major candidate to change him declined to job interview.

Then they brought in Chauncey Billups, somebody with zero head coaching practical experience. But he did deliver a many years-old sexual assault allegation with him. That&#8217s generally a experience-superior tale for a franchise.

In late Oct, Typical Supervisor Neil Olshey was suspended although the team done an investigation into his place of work misconduct. A thirty day period later on, Olshey was absent. The corporation replaced Olshey with his assistant, Joe Cronin, on an interim foundation. Before likely a lot additional, it&#8217s pretty much 4 months later on, and Cronin still has interim attached to his title.

Players tumble out, also

Superstar Damian Lillard only performed 29 games, his year-finished on New Year&#8217s Eve. His departure because of to surgical procedure for a lingering core muscle mass injuries lower the soul from the Blazers. C.J. McCollum played 35 of 55 game titles and then was transported off to New Orleans for Josh Hart and some magic beans. McCollum became expendable with increase of Anfernee Simons.

Jusuf Nurkic, Simons, Justise Winslow, Hart, and Nassir Very little all completed the yr on the Blazers&#8217 hurt listing. A workforce that (foolishly) assumed they have been contenders at the starting of the season ended up to the prime of the lottery. This isn&#8217t what any person in the franchise brain believe in had prepared. So what happens now?

Next: Webpage 2 &#8211 Producing offers

The write-up Portland Trail Blazers: The Road To Attrition and Redemption appeared 1st on Pacific Northwest Sporting activities.


Imperial Bonsai

Imperial bonsai

Imperial Bonsai

The Japanese believe that the Imperial Bonsai is the most beautiful bonsai variety. If you want to learn how to care for your bonsai, here are some important tips to follow. These techniques can help you keep your tree healthy and look great all year long.

The first thing you should know about the Imperial variety of bonsai is that they are extremely pruning orientated. This is due to the fact that they originated as a result of indoor gardening. The reason for this was that it was believed that it was the most aesthetically desirable type of indoor bonsais trees. When viewed next to indoor cherry trees, these types have bigger foliage, deeper color and a lovelier look. Imperial bonsais trees are in fact a cross of two different species: a crabapple tree, and a maple tree.

Like most bonsais, the imperial trees can be kept small or large. The main difference between the two is how big they grow and how much time and effort they take to grow. The easiest way to grow them is indoors, because they are very finicky and can only be grown in pots.

Because the branches of the Imperial trees don’t grow very far away from each other, their pruning should occur near the base. However, branches that grow higher should be pruned back to the base every couple of years. One thing you should always remember is never to chop your tree into big pieces. By doing so, you risk splitting the tree. The best thing to do is to divide the tree in half and after pruning back all the branches, put the left over pieces on the tree trunk.

Imperial bonsai Trees are known to grow up to eight feet in height. They are primarily known for their thick branches and leafy foliage, which makes it difficult for them to be handled. However, with regular pruning and lessons, you will learn how to manage this type of bonsai. It’s possible to grow this large tree in an outdoor container. However, you should try to avoid pruning too much or else the tree will lose its leaves.

The main threat to this type of bonsai tree is from the wind. The branches can easily be blown over if there isn’t enough support from the soil. You should also avoid pruning directly after the rains as this may also cause the branches to get loose. When growing this bonsai tree, it’s important that you keep it protected. If it is placed in a shady area, it can get sunburn easily. Keep it out of direct sunlight and always keep in mind to give it shade when growing it.

Imperial bonsai also have miniature trees called saplings. These are grown in pots or containers that make it easier for you to keep the tree small. You can place these miniature trees in a window box or any other kind of container. However, while they are miniature trees, they still need to be given special attention. When caring for miniature trees like this, it is a good idea to provide ample amount of sunlight and water so that they grow healthily.

There are many people who like to take this art form a step further and create miniature versions of themselves. They often do this by collecting different types of bonsai leaves and then putting them together to form some kind of image. Some people even use miniature trees as a way to decorate. This is a great hobby that many people enjoy, however it can become quite expensive since there are lots of things you need to purchase. For a lot less money, you can take this hobby and find out how wonderful it can be!


Pchum Ben Day or Ancestor Day

Pchum Ben, also known as Ancestor's Day, is a half-month period (fifteen days: from one Roach to fifteen Roach) of remembrance for dead family members, which traditionally begins between September and October (the tenth month of the Khmer Calendar). Pchum Ben is believed to be a time when the souls of our ancestors that passed away may come back to us. The course of their journey will be decided by their karma and by the offerings made by their living relatives during Pchum Ben.

Khmer Pchum Ben Day or Ancestor Day © Behance
Khmer Pchum Ben Day or Ancestor Day © Behance

Pchum Ben is one of the main traditional festivals of the Cambodian people. The festival is a tribute to the spirits of seven generations of ancestors who have passed away. Buddhists have been celebrating it for a long time. This festival is divided into two parts:

Bon Kan Ben: The 14 days from one Roach to fourteen Roach are known as "Kan Ben" or in Pali called Vora Phoat. The Buddhists at the nearby pagoda take 14 turns to hold Ben. The children prepared gifts and other items for their parents, grandparents, or elders to enter Ben in their respective pagoda. At this time, people will have the opportunity to develop their Dharma, Samathan (recite the precepts), and fulfill various merits, such as serving monks and cleaning pagodas, temples, monk's quarters, etc. In each shift, at night, drinks are given to monks and elders who practice 8 or 10 rituals. After that, worship the Preah Rattanatray, recite the precepts, invite the monks to generate the merit (Preah Parit), and offering-transference ceremonies. In the early hours of the morning, after worshiping the Buddha and progressing in prayer, the monks recite the Prabhupada Sutra, or the melancholy sound, in Pali, such as Prabhupada Borisam (by Prabhupada). After that, the Buddhists offered Yaku to the monks and at noon, the Buddhists offered offerings to the monks, with the genealogy dedicated to the spirits of the ancestors, seven relatives, and the ancestors who had passed away.

Bon Pchum:  The day 15th of the lunar month is a big holiday for Ben Thom. Children who do not pay their respects to the spirits of their ancestors and seven relatives during the 14 days of Ben must travel to their hometowns on the day 15 or a day before to celebrate Pchum Ben with family and friends in the traditional way. On the morning of the 15 Roach, people dressed up beautifully, and hold the Chan Srak (a series of lunch boxes) filled with food, along with desserts, Num Ansorm, and Num Korm to be handed over to the monks at the pagoda and the ancestral shrine dedicated to the ancestral spirits. In the evening in some areas, ancestral ceremonies are held. On the morning of the first day of the month of Assoch, they prepare food, fruits, beans, sesame, and salt, put it in a small boat made of banana peels, and light incense and candles to float on the water to send the Preta back.

Pchum Ben Festival in the Buddhist era

This festival in the Buddhist era is not called Bon Pchum, but it also has the same pattern called Sangkhapot Varaphat, which is done every day to support the monks entering the Vassa or Rains Retreat or Buddhist Lent for the three-month rainy season (roughly from July to October). In the Book of Preah Uruvela Kassapa explained to the laypeople to understand the merit of entering the Buddhist Lent as follows: Entering this Buddhist Lent is the best opportunity for monastics to receive personalized education and guidance about the Buddha. Moreover, monastics can also avoid stepping on earthworms and insects that come out on the ground when it rains. The philanthropists also support the monastics during this rainy season, by generously supporting the daily food during this three-month rainy season.

The Following Timeline of Pchum Ben

During Angkorian Period, people followed animism, although people now follow Buddhism, respect for elders was a practice they continued to follow. Based on the Inscription K297c, Pchum Ben Festival was called the "Srath Festival (បុណ្យស្រាទ្ធ)". This inscription gives us further during the reign of Yasovarman I (889-910 CE), He ordered his subordinates to hold the Bai Ben ceremony at the Yashodharatataka (the East Baray) to generate merit for those who had died of misfortune to be reborn. During the second phase of the Golden age of the Khmer Civilization, 1181-1218 reigned by King Jayavarman VII, it is said that reign of King Jayavarman VII, a monk came back from hell unscathed. He brought the message from the deceased that they could be freed from suffering if their relatives offered food and alms to monks.

The Grande Inscription d'Angkor. also known as K.301 or IMA-3, dated to the 18th century (1701), described the Pchum Ben festival which is called "Saratakal (សរាទកាល)" and "held the Tbat Twea Tous Saben (តប៌្បណទ្វាទសបិណ្ឌ)". The term "Saratakal (សរាទកាល)" refers to the time or period of holding the "Sratth Festival (បុណ្យស្រាទ្ធ)". "Twea Tous Saben (តប៌្បណទ្វាទសបិណ្ឌ)" is the 12th Ben for the King to hold the royal ceremony to dedicated to the royal ancestors. "Tbat (តប៌្បណ)" is a ceremony to quench the thirst with water pouring, and today the King held the royal ceremony of "pouring coconut water to the deceased ancestors" and has prepared all kinds of offerings, as well as a floating ceremony to send them back.

In the Buddhist era, there were no words for Kan ben and Pchum Ben, only the support for the four requisites or Pa Vaara Naa Pa Chai (including Clothing, Food, Lodging, and Medicine). As in the Dharma Book, there is a story about the Buddha and the monks who enter the Rains Retreat. And there are laypeople who support the four requisites for a quarter period. As for Kan Ben, it is not limited to 14 days, but the Buddhists of that generation started holding Ben from the day of entering the rainy season until the day of leaving the rainy season.

The words "Bon Pchum Ben" and "Bon Ben Pchum" have different meanings, with the word "Ben Pchum" referring to the Dak Ben ceremony, in turns or in groups, from Ben 1 to Ben 14, or the so-called Bon Dak Ben. While, the word "Pchum Ben" refers to the day 15th of the Phôtrôbât (Khmer Calendar month), also known as Bon Pchum. Collectively, these two words together are called "Bon Pchum Ben", meaning the meeting of the laypeople who held Dak Ben in each turn together or gather together regardless of the turn of anyone, to hold in one day.

Ben refers to a piece of rice that is placed on a plate or pot and is used to put the rice into the monk's alms bowl which is arranged in a row or double rows. Moreover, Ben does not refer only to rice, but also to food or offerings.

Bai Ben does not refer to rice that is used to put in the monk's alms bowl or offer to monks, it is a plate of rice that has collectively with rice, food, desserts (sometimes it is made of sticky rice and sesame, and often add coconut cream to make it taste better). This plate of rice is offered to ghosts at dawn, which People believe ghosts with heavy sins cannot receive food during the day. Bai Ben is traditional rice cooked with coconut paste and mixed with various ingredients according to the preferences of the locals in each area.

Bai Bort Bo or Bai Bo is not rice; it is a pure fruit or Khmer cake to supplement the richness of the offerings. Bai Bort Bo is the same as that of Bai Ben, but it is shaped like a cone and covers the top with a banana leaf, piercing the top with candles, incense, and flowers. They place the Bai Bort Bo on a small cup in the middle of the Bai Ben. In some areas, Bai Ben is placed in 8 boxes made from bananas, surrounded by Bai Bort Bo. In each box, there are 1 to 15 Bay Ben balls. When hearing the drum sound from the nearby pagoda, the old ones prepare rice, Num Ansorm, Num Korm, and fruits of all kinds and put them together in baskets or large trays or metal plates, and place the flowers or flags in the middle, they light incense and dedicate to the merit. While at the house, they also prepare a portion for the monks. Therefore, the word "Bai Bort Bo" or "Bai Bo" is an item that complements the richness of Ben Bat's food.

The sacrifice of Kantong Rice

The Kantong Rice is a kind of small rice bowl made of leaves used as a container for food, tobacco, betel nut, etc. the rice is shaped in pieces from 1 to 15 pieces, representing 1 day to 15 days. Then, they offer these offerings on the corner of the road or at the corner of the pagoda fence, which is supposed to be rice, representing a three-way street or a four-way street to summon various ghosts to help find their deceased relatives to help guide their deceased relatives to their living area as fearing that their relatives would not able to find them in at least 7 pagodas and cursed their generations for various misery.

Sand Mountain Sacrifice Ceremony

In some pagodas, the sand ceremony (it is called Sand Mound Ceremony or Poun Phnom Khsach), which is celebrated during the Khmer New Year, is confused with the one in the Pchum Ben festival. However, the Twelve Months Ceremony book stated that the sand ceremony during Kan Ben is called the Sand Mountain Sacrifice Ceremony (Bom Bous Phnom Khsach).

Sand Mountain Sacrifice Ceremony (Bom Bous Phnom Khsach) according to the ancient Khmer tradition, the sand is transported and piled in a mountain-shaped in terms of the height and size of the mountain as needed, and they often bury the earth pot at the top of every mountain sand-made to look like real stupas. Then, they made fences around the stupas, leaving only four entrances and exits. Eight deity houses are placed in all eight directions, with another deity house representing the Yamaraj house placed in the east, with an umbrella and three flags representing the three denominations/sects of Buddhism, including:

1.     The first flag represents the Mahayana sect

2.    The second flag represents the Hinayana sect

3.    The third flag represents the Sastra or Theravada sect

All the flags were hoisted and offered with flowers, perfumes, and Slar Thoir (a section of a banana leaf stem or green banana fitted with a stand and decorated, with betel leaves, areca nuts), etc. After they prepared the utensils as described above. They lit candles and incenses, hoisted the various color of flowers, and place crocodile flags of different colors on the tops of the stupas. There is an abbot who led the Buddhists to circle for three rounds, and they recited the Preah Ratanatray Samathan Sil, wrapped a white cloth around the stupas, and prayed at the stupas as called "Bom Bous Phnom Khsach" by the locals. When the Bom Bous Phnom Khsach ceremony has been baptized, in the evening, the ceremony of defrocking the sand mountain was carried out by removing the pot buried on the top of the sand stupas and reciting for defrocking at Sala Chan (gathering hall). The pagoda’s abbots will call the Buddhists to sit together, and there is a person who raises one hand on the sand stupa and the other Buddhists must touch each other to achieve merit.

Kan Ben Ceremony

Kan Ben Ceremony is a ceremony of the Pchum Ben Festival divided into 14 days of Kan Ben, starting from the 1st day of Roach to the 14th day of the lunar month or (half a month). While the Royal Kan Ben Ceremony, there are only 5 days, from 11 Roach to 15 Roach Pchum Ben. To start the Kan Ben ceremony, Buddhists need to have a 60-centimeter-high Ben flower (an ornament made of zinc, wood, and a set of large and small flowers from the bottom to the top). There are five levels of this flower, each of which is about the size of a finger. Attached around the five levels of the wheel are plugs made of copper, and at the bottom of the layer are attached five crocodile flags made of bamboo. In addition, there are four Nagas with a common tail as a base of the flower and in the month of each Naga, there is a picture of the Bayan leaves, which shows the Nagas supporting the Ben flower (Neak Tro Phka Ben). There is a square-shaped wooden box thick of 15 cm as the pedestal to Phka Ben. The difference between Ben Batr (food offering) during the Kan Ben period and ordinary Ben Batr is the main meaning of this Ben flower which represents the sacrifice to the Késaa(hair) of Samma Samputa, which is the Buddha cut off his hair when he left the throne to enter the monkhood.

Baing Skool Ceremony (a chanting ceremony to transfer merit to the spirits of the dead)

Baing Skool is a commemorative service to dedicate the merit, pay tribute, and relieve the suffering of their ancestors, whether relatives share the karma or animals they kill for meat to earn the living. This ceremony also contributes to the washing away of their sins, through the dedication of this ceremony. Baing Skool is usually held at the gathering hall (Sala Chan) or at the monk's hut, regardless of the circumstances in which the initiation of the festival is related to this ceremony.

Bai Ben Throwing Ceremony

The Bai Ben throwing ceremony is a ceremony held between 3 and 4 o'clock in the morning, where people have to take the Bai Ben and throw it to the ghosts around the temple to liberate the ghosts’ sin and dedicate the food for those ghosts as well. In the Patavatthu book, there are many descriptions of Preta (ghosts) who were born as human beings and committed many sins while still alive and fell into hell, being imprisoned in hell. When their merits are diminished, they cannot be reborn and cannot remain in the human realm like other souls. Even relatives who have dedicated food in the spirits' name still cannot receive the consecration. The spirits cried, whimpered, moaned, and wailed. The sorrowing sound reached the Buddha’s disciple, the Avalokitesvara or Guanyin, who descended directly to hell and appeared in a virtual form of rice balls to the spirits. Before eating the rice ball, the spirits show them to the Yamaraj for purpose of liberating and alleviating their sins and to be reborn in a better realm.  As the story of these spirits just mentioned above, resulted in the Bai Ben ceremony. Moreover, putting Bai Ben in the proper place is not accessible to the spirits who are relative with thick karma, therefore, they have to throw it out. Throwing Bai Ben must walk around the temple and throw it outside the temple fence because it is believed that each temple is buried on the boundary line with the sacred protection that all souls and spirits cannot violate the fence of the temple. So every citizen should pay homage to the spirits to calm their sorrows and calm their anger in order to bring peace to all of us.

Ancestor Farewell Ceremony or Ancestor Rite

On the 15th Roach of the Phôtrôbât (Khmer Calendar month), which coincides with the last day of Pchum Ben, Cambodians believe that the spirits of their relatives will come and say goodbye to their families on the last day, which is called Pchum Thom (Big Meeting). At 6:00 pm, they will prepare a plate of food for the sacrifice to invite the spirits of the relatives to have a proper meal at their homes. On the day of the sacrificial offerings, another small plate prepares for the two demons, identified as the White Ghost and the Black Ghost, who watch over the activities of the spirits. The preparation of the offerings to the demons is consist of chicken head, bacon, salted egg, a bowl of salt, and a cup of wine to apply. In the early days of King Ang Duong, the ancestral rites were made by floating small ships floating made of wooden or other floatable stuff. Until the Sangkum Reastr Niyum era, this ceremony was canceled due to the water environment concern. As result, the tradition of floating the ship to farewell the ancestral has been less practiced and abandoned until today.

In some regions in Cambodia, specifically in Vihear Sour commune Khsach Kandal district of Kandal Province, during the Pchum Ben Festival, there are several traditional games to be held, including:

Buffalo racing ceremony

In Buddhist belief, Buffalo represents the vehicle to Yamaraj (King of all the devils). This racing is part of the Cambodian tradition from ancient times till today. This buffalo racing is held during the Kan Ben period, which starts from 9 am to 11 am or from 2 pm to 4 pm, this buffalo race follows the number of buffaloes is more or less.

Wrestling Ceremony

This wrestling match is made with the consent of the wrestling instructors of each team, who come from different villages or nearby villages. This match does not measure the size or weight, it depends on the contestants, whether they dare or not. Each teacher or team always wants to show the strength or tactics of the students in their respective teams.

According to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Buddhism is the state religion, so Cambodians and foreigners working in public and private institutions are allowed to take time off to go to Pchum. Bon Pchum has three meanings:

1.    Respect for ancestors and It's a show of respect to the monks: Dedicate merit to seven generations of the ancestors who have passed away and are reborn. During the first 14 days of Pchum Ben, people cook food for the monks and offer them alms. By doing so, the faithful believe they can bring good karma to their ancestors.

2.    Make happiness, prosperity, and glory born of its benefits

3.    To create the unity of the nation: It's a 3-day public holiday when is a time to gather with your family and close relatives. Sharing a communal meal, meditating, and helping the ancestors during their spiritual journey, bring the family together.

Cambodians all over the country follow the ancestral tradition of celebrating Kan Ben or Ben Pchum from the 1st of Roach to the 14th of Roach of the Phôtrôbât and Pchum Ben on the 15th of Roach the Phôtrôbât annually. This Pchum Ben festival is considered by the Khmer Buddhists as one of the great festivals of their ancestors for a long time, and relatives and children who live near and far away often always return to their hometown to meet their relatives on this day. This is a testament to the ingenuity and purpose of our Khmer ancestors, who named this festival Bon Pchum: Pchor must Moom, Pchum must come (ភ្ជរត្រូវតែមុំ ភ្ជុំត្រូវតែមក).

In Cambodian tradition related to Pchum Ben, parents are viewed as special gods or living gods. Before attending the pagoda, Cambodian children prepare meals in terms of breakfast or lunch for their parents. A common saying “What you have at home is more powerful than the god in the pagoda. Who are the gods in your house? They are your parents.” Parents are precious gods for Cambodians because they give life, take care of, and worry about their children. What happens when we don’t respect our parents? That would be very rude and disrespectful. We can say that, if we bring happiness to our parents, we have happiness in our lives, and our children will respect and love us in the future also.

Moreover, a few days before the main festival starts, people usually buy clothes, food, and fruit to hand to the elderly people in their respective hometowns. Somehow, people also contribute some cash to them. During this festival, Cambodians visit many pagodas, traditionally at least 3 or 7 pagodas (but now people can visit at least one pagoda depending on their availability) and the places where their ancestors passed away to pray and make offerings for their deceased ancestors via offering-transference ceremonies conducted by the monks. It is to be noticed that the time to bring the food to the pagoda is no later than 11 am as in the Buddha Discipline the monks will not eat after 12 pm. After this time, the monks do not eat any food and drink only soft drinks or tea until the end of the day.

Early in the morning around 4 am, people of all ages, specifically the elderly people, either in the shift or outside the shift, generally gather with their neighbors to prepare food, fruit, and rice. Cambodia cake, etc in ball-shaped on a plate and go to the pagoda. When at the pagoda, they light the candles, and incense, and pour a little water to invite the soul of their dead relatives and friends to come and eat the food by placing the balls of food just outside the monastery. It is believed that some of their ancestors, those who committed sins when they were alive, cannot enter the temples, even as ghosts. And they can only eat food that is prepared by their descendants. So this food is for them. People believe that if these spirits don’t see their relatives bringing food for them, they will get angry and wish their relatives bad luck.

The 15th day is the most important day of Pchum Ben and also the last day of the ceremony. Cambodian people have three days for public holidays in October to have a chance to visit their hometowns and gather with their families. To celebrate, numerous Cambodians wear white suits and cook meal offerings to the monks at nearby temple buildings. Besides going to a pagoda, they usually have a quick visit somewhere nearby with family and have meals together.

Pchum Ben is considered unique to Cambodia. It is a traditional ceremony to remind people to bring food to the monks. Moreover, the festival reminds people to remember their ancestors who have passed away. They always go to the pagoda on their ancestor’s anniversary or someone’s birthday. This is the way to show high respect even on days that are not the Pchum Ben festival. The festival educates younger people on how they should give respect to their relatives.