Take 10 with... Darren Parsons

Dr Darren Parsons from the Institute of Marine Science and NIWA, gives us 10 minutes of his time to discuss how fish interact with the environment and his work gathering data inputs for fishery assessments.

Dr Darren Parsons, Institute of Marine Science and NIWA
Dr Darren Parsons, Institute of Marine Science and NIWA

Fish ecology and fisheries research (mostly on snapper).

2.  Now explain it in everyday terms!

My research has two main components. The fish ecology side of things where I work to understand how fish interact with the environment and the human induced stressors they might encounter.

This spans topics such as how ocean acidification impacts fish larvae, why some juvenile fish are associated with ‘nursery habitats’, and tagging fish to understand their movement behaviour.

The other component of my research is more directly applied, and involves gathering data inputs for fishery assessments. This includes sampling fishery catches to estimate population age structure or analysing fishery catch rate data to estimate changes in population abundance.

Most of my day-to-day research activities are now office-based. I work with people to organise logistics, so that data is collected and written up; and I get to analyse data and write some of those reports myself, as well as writing proposals and reviewing manuscripts.

When I am lucky, I get to spend time sampling from tank experiments that we might be running. Or I will get out in the field working from small boats and setting cameras, or nets, to observe or catch juvenile fish in relation to different habitat elements.

4.  What do you enjoy most about your research?

There are probably two really satisfying aspects. The first is being a part of a team of people working together. It’s pretty satisfying (and a relief) to see a project - potentially with a huge amount of logistics that may have taken years to put together - come off and deliver a result.

The other aspect I and other researchers (I would guess) find satisfying is being able to conduct research to satisfy your curiosities. Essentially the drive to understand and solve an unknown is strong, so it’s pretty exciting when you actually get to the point of having answers.

In a recently conducted experiment we have an early indication that the direct effects of ocean acidification might actually increase the survival of the fish larvae we investigated. This result is the opposite of what most previous studies have found and what we expected, and just goes to show that we shouldn’t let our preconceptions drive our results.

If I am stuck on something, getting a second opinion, asking for advice, or working in a team is generally the way to go. Why suffer alone when someone may be willing to help, or provide a view from an angle you would never have thought of on your own.

7.  What questions have emerged as a result?

For me team work has provided just as many solutions as new questions. However, the team of collaborators I am involved with in the ocean acidification project (mentioned above) have introduced a number of questions about the response of fish sensory systems and physiology to acidification.

I conduct mostly applied research, so I really hope that my research results will be used by environmental managers to sustain or improve the marine environment for the benefit of all New Zealanders.

At the moment I am collaborating with Dr Brendon Dunphy (School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Marine Science) and Dr Neill Herbert (Institute of Marine Science). They both bring physiology skillsets to the table, which provide new ways for us to address questions about nursery habitat association and ocean acidification effects on fish.

Having a variety of skills and working hard to be productive is important, but building strong relationships with other researchers is essential for so many reasons.


Jane Johnston Schoolcraft

(1800 - 1842)

The writer Jane Johnston Schoolcraft (Bamewawagezhikaquay) was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Her father was an Irish fur trader and her mother was the daughter of an Ojibwe war chief. Schoolcraft, along with her seven siblings, was educated at home in English literature and history and Ojibwe traditions and lore. She also traveled with her father, including a yearlong trip to Ireland in 1809 to pursue more formal schooling. In 1823, she married U.S. Indian agent Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, whose famed ethnological writings on the Ojibwe were largely made possible by his wife’s indispensable work as language instructor, research assistant, and editor.

Schoolcraft’s own writing—encompassing some 50 poems and many versions of Ojibwe stories and songs—was never in print in her lifetime; however, it is now seen as essential to the historical understanding of Native American literature. Schoolcraft was both the first known Native American female writer and Native American poet, and her work across the previously firm boundaries between English and Ojibwe language, storytelling conventions, and forms was the earliest of its kind.


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Tomorrow's citizens hold key to growth, publisher says

By ZHANG ZHIHAO | China Daily | Updated: 2022-01-19 11:44
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Young people from China and abroad can come up with ideas and engage in dialogue to better contribute to the growth of their countries and the general well-being of humanity, Zhou Shuchun, publisher and editor-in-chief of China Daily, said on Tuesday.

Youth are the most active and exuberant part of society, he said, during the opening ceremony of the China-SCO-Eurasia Youth Leaders Dialogue.

The event is co-hosted by China Daily and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization's Committee on Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation.

The young not only carry the hopes of their countries and people, but also shoulder the fate and future of humanity, Zhou continued.

In August, President Xi Jinping said in a written reply to foreign representatives of the Global Young Leaders Dialogue that China welcomes more young foreigners to visit and share their insights.

Xi said that he hopes young people from China and abroad can enhance their understanding, build friendships and develop together through mutual learning, thus contributing their youthful energy to the president's goal of "building a community with a shared future for mankind".

Since the SCO's founding two decades ago, various member states have come together to coordinate development and become a key force in safeguarding the common interests of the world, Zhou said.

Now, the international situation is undergoing profound and complicated changes, he added.

"We need to probe the new questions of our time together, and embark on a new journey down the path of solidarity and cooperation, shouldering risks, practicing openness and inclusivity, mutual learning, equality and justice, as advocated by the SCO," he said.

Zhou said that allowing youth leaders from different countries to build friendships and consensus through dialogue could lead to the emergence of new ideas and innovations that facilitate the coordinated progress of their home nations and the overall development of humanity.

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indian cinema heritage foundation

B N Sircar

  • Real Name: Birendra Nath Sircar
  • Died: 28/11/1970

Aristocrat and visionary, Birendra Nath Sircar better known as B N Sircar, was the founder of the legendary New Theatres Ltd studio in Calcutta. It became a vital hub for filmmaking in the city in the 30s in terms of production as well as distribution, even operating theatres which helped the studio control its film productions. Under Sircar, New Theatres enjoyed its heyday between 1935 and 1945, producing several Bengali and Hindi language films which are known for both quality content as well as technical excellence. These include Devdas (1935), Dhoop Chhaon/ Bhagyachakra (1935), Vidyapati/ Bidyapati (1937), Mukti (1937), President/ Didi (1937), Street Singer/ Sathi (1938), Dushman/ Jiban Maran (1938), Zindagi (1940), Meri Bahen (1944) and Udayer Pathey (1944). Sircar had the vision to engage makers who went on to become famous, such as P.C. Barua, Premankur Atorthy, Debaki Bose, Dhiren GangulyBimal Roy and Phani Majumdar. Known for being a perfectionist when it came to quality, he also ensured his directors could proceed minus interference and at the budget they needed. While he employed actors such as K L SaigalPahadi SanyalAmar Mullick, Kanan Devi, Chandrabati Devi, Lila Desai and Prithviraj Kapoor, he also engaged music composers and singers such as R C Boral, Timir Baran and Pankaj Mullick. More importantly, he also had on his payroll technicians like Mukul Bose, Yusuf Moolji, Nitin Bose and Subodh Mitra who were conversant with the technical trends in the west and could introduce similar innovations in New Theatres’ films, to the studio’s best possible capacity. New Theatres produced 150 films within its span of 24 years from 1931 to 1955; its phenomenal success in producing quality films largely credited to B N Sircar’s sheer enterprise, perception, and planning. B N Sircar was awarded the Dada Saheb Phalke Award in 1970 and the third highest civilian award in India, the Padma Bhushan, in 1972.

Born in Bhagalpur on 5 July, 1901, the son of the then Advocate-General of Bengal, Sir N. N. Sircar, he went on to study Civil Engineering at the University of London. Engaged to build a cinema hall in India after he returned—Chitra in 1930 followed by New Cinema which screened Hindi films—he developed an interest in films itself. He was inspired to form a film company to produce films, succeeding in raising money owing to his connections and thus building a modern film studio and laboratory. Involved in the making of two silent films, he learnt the ropes of the film industry and went on to found New Theatres Calcutta in 1931. The studio brought Tanar sound equipment and courted the services of William Deming, a Hollywood sound technician who had come to India at the behest of Ardeshir Irani. That very year itself, New Theatres released its first Bengali production, Dena Paona (1931), based on the novel by Sarat Chandra Chatterjee. The film, a ‘talkie’, was directed by Premankor Atorthy, and became a hit, thus laying the foundations for an illustrious future.

Finicky about quality, Sircar had the perceptiveness to engage the best of talent. Focusing solely on the production of films with no desire to direct or act, he ensured his directors had the freedom to pursue their vision. He managed to assemble an incredible ensemble of talent in his studio, mainly from smaller or failing studios – the likes of Nitin Bose, Premankur Atorthy, P C Barua, Durgadas Bannerjee, Jiban Ganguly and Dhiren Ganguly. Under his leadership the studio became famous for its superior adaptations of the works of Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Rabindranath Tagore, as well as noted writers like Premendra Mitra, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Shailajananda Mukhopadhyay and Buddhadev Bose who worked as story-script-dialogue writers and lyricists in several New Theatres films. In 1931, Sircar even invited Tagore to direct a film version of his play, Natir Puja (1932), which was a dance-drama with Buddhist themes. While the screenplay was written by Dinendranath, Tagore’s nephew, Tagore played a key character, Upali.

Among the most famous films produced by New Theatres were the adaptations of Sarat Chandra Chatterjee’s novel Devdas. The Hindi and Bengali versions which released in 1935 were directed by P C Barua and shot by Bimal Roy—Roy also made his own version of the film in 1955. The Hindi version of the film starring K L Saigal became immensely popular. The Debaki Bose directed Hindi-Bengali bilingual Vidyapati/ Bidyapati (1937), which told the story of the pacifist court poet of Mithila who is invited to the royal court by the king, only to have the queen fall in love with him, also hit bullseye, with the songs sung by leading lady Kanan Devi winning much popularity. The films that followed were equally hailed for their screenplays and inventive technical features, including bilinguals such as Mukti (1937), which was one of the earliest Indian films to be largely shot outdoors, President/ Didi (1937), Street Singer/ Sathi (1938), Dushman/ Jiban Maran (1938), Zindagi (1940), Meri Bahen (1944) and Bimal Roy’s Udayer Pathey (1944). Bimal Roy also made his directorial debut with Udayer Pathey (1944), which proved to be an influential film.

If Dhoop Chhaon/ Bhagyachakra (1935) was the first to use playback singing, P C Barua’s Mukti (1937) was remarkable for its use of long tracking-shots, as well as being the first film to use a Tagore composition in its soundtrack—Diner sheshe ghumer deshe. The studio’s investments in technology led to several innovations in sound design, particularly in the work of Mukul Roy

The fortunes of New Theatres went on the wane after 1947, with the studio losing its all-India presence and productions becoming limited to the Bengali industry, among other reasons. It did not have centres in south or west India which cost them dearly through exorbitant distribution charges. They were often reduced to selling film rights to other groups. The departure of Nitin Bose in 1941 also contributed to its decline.

B N Sircar passed away on 28 November, 1980. He remains memorable for his rich contribution to Indian cinema.


Why Mindset Matters

Photo by Viktor Forgacs via Unsplash

By Kate Wildman, Staff Writer

What is mindset? According to Schools, AU, “A mindset is a series of self-perceptions or beliefs people hold about themselves. These determine behavior, outlook and mental attitude” (Reach Out). Mindset affects how we approach everyday challenges in our lives. Especially as a teenager, a healthy mindset can be hard to achieve for certain individuals. It is so important that we acknowledge, rather than ignore, the struggles of attaining a positive mindset.

You may be asking yourself why mindset is so important. In my opinion, I think mindset is particularly important because it affects the way you see your life. A great example would be the concept of intelligence. If you have the mindset that you are capable and able to learn, you are more likely to want to achieve the educational goals that you set for yourself, because you believe you can do it. On the other hand, if you feel you are unintelligent and don’t think you will ever be able to learn certain skills, it can feel as though you’re working towards an unattainable goal. These thoughts can make you feel less motivated to try to achieve that goal.

So what can we do? There is no cookie-cutter solution to this problem, but there are some great ways to start shifting to a positive mindset. It is important to learn from your mistakes and reflect on what you can do better next time. One setback does not mean it needs to be the end. Though, the biggest piece of advice I could give to help develop a positive mindset is to stop caring about what others think of you. Each person has unique goals and talents and it doesn’t matter what people around you think about how you conduct your life. It is YOUR life. Being confident in yourself and your goals is already half the battle!


  • July 6, 2021

The Aesthetic Medicine Patient-Centered Consult

Too often, "bean counters," tell us that we are falling short. They come up with some scheme for us to see more patients than we can reasonably see or how to "create" more procedures than necessary. This is basic or practice-focused medicine and, in my opinion, it is unethical and immoral. It is also outside of what we are called to do and is unnecessary and contrary to a healthy practice.

What I believe builds a healthy practice and is simply at the heart of doing what is right for patients, is the patient-centered consultation. This type of consultation is designed to get to the root of the patient's problems and do everything possible to help them achieve their aesthetic and health goals. If you are interested in cosmetic surgery treatment training, there are many Aesthetic Medicine online courses out there.

In this age of population-based medicine, we've all been told to do the minimum, but that doesn't change the fact that our patients care about optimal health and outcomes. Olympic athletes do not win their competitions by training to the minimum nor will our patients be cared for by providing the minimum. Let's look at an example of how population-based medicine is infiltrating the exam room in a way that is not fully understood by physicians and yet has a huge impact on the individual (many similar examples can be seen in medicine current).

So what is patient-centered consultation? Medicine is complex and, in particular, Aesthetic Medicine is complex, yet it has been reduced to snippets of sound on television. Commercials ask the question "Is it better than Botox?" or "Is it better than a medical peel?" however, they don't give the answer or any really useful information. Patients generally do not have a realistic idea of what can and cannot be done for them. The patient-centered consultation is an educational experience for the patient that helps them understand what is realistic and what is not.

It begins with a detailed understanding of the patient's concerns, not the treatments they are interested in. Most cosmetic patients arrive thinking they know what they want. For example, many think they need an upper eyelid blepharoplasty, but what they really need is a brow lift. Others come asking about fillers but really need Botox or vice versa. Understanding what concerns them is not found by asking what interests them, but what their concerns are.

George Brooks

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City Council reaffirms no-fee 'smart' meter opt-out

The Ashland City Council renewed its commitment to a no-fee opt-out policy for residents who don't want radio-frequency-wave-emitting electric meters on their property.

On Tuesday night, councilors voted, 4-2, to stick with a May decision to not charge people who want to opt out.

City staff members had warned that a no-fee opt-out policy could cost city coffers anywhere from $12,000 to $150,000 annually. Rates may have to be raised on all electric customers to cover the costs.

About 30 people came to speak at the council meeting about their concerns that radio-frequency meters could cause health problems.

Naturopathic physician Bonnie Nedrow was among those who said that not enough scientific research has been done to show whether the meters are safe.

"We don't know. We don't know one way or another," she said.

Only one resident came to speak out against electric meter fears, saying that Ashland has become infested with a spirit of quackery.

City Councilors Greg Lemhouse, David Chapman, Dennis Slattery and Carol Voisin voted to keep the no-fee opt-out policy and to have city staff do a cost-benefit analysis of whether the meters really save the city money.

Radio-frequency meters emit signals so that meter readers do not have to come onto people's property. They also smooth the utility billing process, according to city staff.

Slattery said it wouldn't be fair to charge people to opt out of the meters when people are concerned about their health.

Councilors Russ Silbiger and Mike Morris voted against the no-fee opt-out policy.

Silbiger said being afraid of radio-frequency meters was akin to being scared of monsters under the bed.

Morris said people are putting great demands on the electric grid through electric cars, iPads and other gadgets. He said Ashland eventually needs to move to an even more advanced version of electric meters, which are often called "smart" meters.

There are different types of smart meters, with some emitting waves for meter readers, and others with more advanced features that allow electric utilities and customers to monitor and trim usage during peak load times.

The Bonneville Power Administration, which wholesales electricity to the city's Ashland Electric Department, plans to charge communities higher rates if they can't rein in electricity use.


Sarah belly binding

Belly Binding Service

Wrapping the belly is an effective and important part of a mama’s recovery in the post-partum stage of her journey. It aids the body to shrink and recover in a shorter period of time, normally six to eight weeks. A Bengkung belly wrap provides a mama’s postpartum body with complete support to assist abdominal wall muscle retraction, improve posture, stabilize loosened ligaments, and provide support to the torso while vital organs return to their pre-pregnancy size and position.

During pregnancy a mama’s body retains water, fat, and air which cause her body to swell and expand, including the organs in the womb area such as the cervix and vagina. This is why a mama gets more and more swollen during the last months of pregnancy. When a baby is born, the excess water, fat, and flatulence are no longer needed and the cells will naturally release and shrink back to their pre-pregnancy size.

A long post-pregnancy wrap provides a holistic support to all the abdominal and pelvic organs, including the muscles in the pelvic area. Support to the pelvic area is very important in the immediate weeks after birth as a mama’s cervix dilates 10 cm when active labor is reached, this is the equivalent to the size of an average bagel. Therefore the pressure of a longer wrap on the hip area helps the cervix shrink and allows the pelvic muscles to heal without being stretched further. Steady, pressured support on the hips allows the body to “close” more easily than if just left in its expanded state. The Bengkung style of binding is known to help heal diastasis recti with the constant supportive pressure on the abdomen area.

Belly Binding Classes: $20 to attend class, $75 for bind (class fee is waived)  Please contact Sarah to find out about her next scheduled class if available.

Private in home class: $125 including the bind.

Contact Sarah at naturalbabyhappyfamily@gmail.com for more information about this service.


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Action Steps

Improve transportation efficiency and mobility strategically with greater investment in walking and biking infrastructure (through a Complete Streets approach), improved transportation equity and choice, connectivity between transportation modes, and through better coordination between land use and transportation planning.

M1 Seek innovative funding opportunities such as public-private partnerships, regional projects, multi-agency/multi-objective collaboration. NCDOT 5
M2 Revisit policies that require local sponsors to cost-share for pedestrian and bicycle improvements that were incidental to roadway projects. NCDOT 5
M3 Encourage local government funding participation to advance pedestrian/bicycle projects. NCDOT Municipalities 5
M4 Develop better tracking of pedestrian and bicycle facility costs and revenues (especially for incidental/Complete Streets projects). NCDOT 5
M5 Document the process by which infrastructure recommendations in local and regional pedestrian and bicycle plans will be incorporated into the funding process at the state level. NCDOT 5
M6 Revisit scoring models for the Highway Safety Improvement Program to allow for more bicycle and pedestrian project funding. NCDOT 5
M7 Maximze funds recevied by NCDOT for the MAP-21 Transportation Alternatives Program to be directed toward bicycle and pedestrian projects. NCDOT 5
M8 Consider ways roadway maintenance programs can more efficiently Consider sidewalk retrofit and shoulder retrofit programs.include bicycle accommodations. NCDOT 5,8
M9 Consider sidewalk retrofit and shoulder retrofit programs. NCDOT 5,8
M10 Work with municipalities to develop process of identifying and establishing "shovel-ready" pedestrian and bicycle projects. NCDOT Municipalities 5,8
M11 Ensure that planning is conducted at the statewide, regional, and local scales so that a vision and recommendations are articulated. The best way to capitalize on a pedestrian or bicycle plan is to develop engineering documents for priority projects so that good information about land acquisition and cost estimates are available. NCDOT, Municipalities, MPOs/RPOs 5
M12 Consider changes to policies affecting the inclusion, funding, and preparation for planned pedestrian and bicycle facilities. At the State level, the NCDOT Complete Streets policy will make pedestrian and bicycle projects more affordable as part of roadway projects. Locally, governments can adopt policies for dedication of rights-of-way for future on-road and greenway corridors for pedestrians and bicyclists. In addition, local policies such as Capital Improvement Programs, can set aside dollars to match outside funding sources for pedestrian and bicycle projects. NCDOT, Municipalities, MPOs/RPOs 5
M13 Compete for state, federal, and other funding sources through open calls and prioritization methodologies. Having preliminary engineering work complete, land acquired, and a local match can make the project more competitive. Projects should serve a strong local transportation purpose but also serve the community or region as a whole by drawing economic development and health benefits. NCDOT, Municipalities, MPOs/RPOs 5
M14 Maintain pedestrian and bicycle facilities once they are built. This is largely a local government responsibility. Well planned maintenance maximizes the original investment and lessens the time for replacement. NCDOT, Municipalities 5
Mobility: Planning
M15 Update DBPT pedestrian and bicycle planning grant program to address more urban needs such as access to transit, ADA transition, corridor plans, and economic development. Also update the planning program to cover all counties with regional bicycle plans. NCDOT-DBPT 5
M16 Provide consistency between recommendations in pedestrian and bicycle portions of Comprehensive Transportation Plans (CTPs) with locally-adopted pedestrian and bicycle plans. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT – Transportation Planning Branch 5
M17 Align DBPT staffing with nature of planning program. NCDOT-DBPT
M18 Work closely with NCDOT division offices during the development of bicycle and pedestrian plans to understand the constructability of projects included in the plans. NCDOT 5
Mobility: GIS Data Standardization
M19 Promote and improve the framework developed for bicycle and pedestrian plan GIS geodatabase development. NCDOT-DBPT 3,4
M20 Actively work to collect GIS files of bicycle and pedestrian facilities for the NCDOT database. NCDOT-DBPT MPOs/RPOs/local governments 3,4
M21 Once finalized, train Bicycle & Pedestrian Division staff on this framework and direct them to ensure its use during each planning process. NCDOT-DBPT 3,4
M22 Distribute the framework to municipalities around the state and encourage them to generate and maintain data in this format going forward. NCDOT-DBPT MPOs/RPOs/local governments 3,4
M23 Re-evaluate attributes and nomenclature bi-annually and update to incorporate new facilities as they are developed. NCDOT-DBPT MPOs/RPOs/local governments
M24 Provide online mapping application for viewing pedestrian and bicycle routes and facilities for officials and public. NCDOT-DBPT MPOs/RPOs/local governments 3
Mobility: GIS Data Transfer and Data Maintenance
M25 Consider assigning staff resources to manage and maintain the comprehensive pedestrian & bicycle database. NCDOT-DBPT 3,4
M26 Set up process by which the database is updated regularly. NCDOT-DBPT MPOs/RPOs/local governments 3,4
M27 Communicate the existence and goals of the database with local GIS staff around the state. NCDOT-DBPT MPOs/RPOs/local governments 3,4
M28 Modify existing datasets (from municipal plans, CTPs, and other planning efforts) to match the selected framework, leaving gaps where they exist, and merge into one master database. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT-Transportation Planning Branch 3,4
M29 Make built environment/GIS data available to researchers for economic and health impact analysis. NCDOT-DBPT DHHS 3,4
Mobility: Statewide Bicycle Routes
M30 Develop strategic plan for transitioning from existing statewide bicycle route network to expanded network. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT Divisions, MPOs/RPOs 4
M31 Consider developing state "business routes" to complement bicycle routes where they avoid cities. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT Divisions, MPOs/RPOs, local governments 4
M32 Consider upgrading signage to include wayfinding information and be maintained by each division of NCDOT. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT Divisions 4
M33 Promote statewide and regional bicycle routes through online viewers and and smartphone applications. NCDOT-DBPT 4
M34 Set up an online form for individuals to report missing signs and designate one point person within DBPT to field those reports and communicate them to the appropriate local division. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT Divisions 4
M35 Consider prioritizing roadway improvements along state bicycle routes to provide paved shoulders. Also, state bike routes can be prioritized that provide connectivity between state parks, natural areas, and other North Carolina destinations. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT Divisions 4
Mobility: Prioritization
M36 Establish Pedestrian and Bicycle Quality Level of Service prioritization factor, e.g., Q/LOS Model. NCDOT ITRE; private consultant 5
M37 Update ped/bike prioritization including the inclusion of social equity/health prioritization factors. NCDOT ITRE; DHHS 5
M39 Prioritize roadway improvements along state bicycle routes (updated in this planning effort) to provide paved shoulder. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT Divisions 4
M40 Create an economic impact prioritization factor when data and analysis is available. NCDOT Department of Commerce 5
Mobility: Design
M41 Implement Complete Streets policy from planning to construction of all eligible projects. NCDOT 5
M42 Unify the current policies into a comprehensive, single set going forward. NCDOT 5
M43 Clarify preferred design policies for bicycle and pedestrian facilities. NCDOT 5
M44 Consider updating the Roadway Design Manual to contain more design details to support the Complete Streets Design Guidelines. NCDOT 5
M45 Conduct audits of Complete Streets implementation and compliance with Complete Streets. NCDOT 5
M46 Update greenway design and construction standards in consultation with all affected business units in NCDOT, local government, and NCDENR. NCDOT DENR 5
M47 Expand guidance to include a more thorough, detailed list for specific pedestrian and bicycle treatments (utilize Chapter 6 toolbox). NCDOT 5
M48 Conduct a comprehensive comparative assessment of current policies and identify and correct conflicts and deficiencies. NCDOT 5
M49 Develop a strategy and timeline for updating all other state design resources to comply with guidance provided in the Complete Streets Design Guidelines. NCDOT 5
M50 Clarify pedestrian and bicycle needs on bridge structures in urban, rural, and transitioning areas that reflect the lifespan of bridges. NCDOT 5
M51 Develop and publish new crosswalk marking guidelines consistent with the MUTCD. NCDOT 5
M52 Consider requiring pedestrian and bicycle (Complete Streets) training and require eduction credits be met every two years. NCDOT 5
M53 Continue to update the Complete Streets Planning and Design Guidelines to follow statewide and national practices and federal guidelines. NCDOT 5
M54 Provide clear guidance regarding the inclusion of Complete Streets elements in roadway projects. NCDOT 5
M55 Consider including official policy statements in areas such as lane widths, liability, and the preference for bike lanes over wide outside lanes. NCDOT 5
M56 Consider a standard protocol to require a proactive review of lane widths and capacity during new construction, reconstruction and resurfacing projects with the purpose of determining if bike lanes or wide paved shoulders can be implemented as a part of the project. NCDOT 5
M57 Clarify the complete streets appeals process, for example to document who can make appeals, what information is needed, how and to whom it should be submitted, and how appeals will be evaluated. NCDOT 5
M58 Build and document the relationship between the Complete Streets policy and the Main Streets program. NCDOT 5
Mobility: Access to Transit
M59 Ensure clear/breakaway zone policies allow transit amenities including signage, benches, shelters, bike racks/lockers, bike stations, and other items at transit stops that maintain safety for all roadway users. NCDOT – Public Transportation Division DBPT 3,4
M60 Expand access to transit planning program to include focus on high-crash areas, high-volume transit services, and major transit terminals. NCDOT – Public Transportation Division DBPT 3,4
M61 Clarify policies with regard to ADA-compliant transit stops to ensure the stop itself is compliant, but also to provide an accessible and safe path of travel to sidewalks and intersections in the vicinity of the stop. Policies should also address the pros and cons of nearside versus far-side transit stops, and provide methods to accommodate necessary pedestrian crossings of wide streets at controlled and uncontrolled locations to access transit stops on the other side of the street. NCDOT – Public Transportation Division DBPT 3
M62 Per the recommendations for the RDM (Chapter 6),consider providing detailed design guidance for the placement of benches, shelters, bike parking and bike lockers associated with longer term transit facilities such as park and ride lots. NCDOT – Public Transportation Division DBPT 3,4
M63 Ensure bike-on-bus and bike-on-train opportunities are available along with education and ease of use. Encourage Amtark to allow bikes on trains without being boxed (this is a significant barrier to train/bicycle travel between the state's two largest metropolitan areas). NCDOT – Public Transportation Division DBPT, regional and local public transportation agencies 4
Mobility: ADA Transition Plan
M64 Adopt the U.S. Access Boards Draft PROWAG and incorporate the guidelines into the new RDM (see previous recommendation) and all roadway design projects. NCDOT 3
M65 Consider preparing a Transition Plan for State-Owned Public Right-of-Way in North Carolina, and develop a monitoring program for ongoing self-evaluation (including GIS inventory/evaluation of sidewalks, signals and crossings). NCDOT 3
M66 Consider conducting staff training on the new PROWAG. NCDOT 3
M67 Consider updating the Transition Plan described above on a two-year cycle. NCDOT 3
Mobility: Roadway Maintenance
M68 Encourage local government and division/district staff to communicate about upcoming rehabilitation projects, and the importance of setting aside money in capital budgets to help with cost-sharing responsibilities. Establish a regular annual or biannual meeting to discuss upcoming projects. NCDOT Local governments 5
M69 Provide early notification to municipalities of maintenance restriping schedules (as this is the best time to incorporate pedestrian and bicycle facilities). NCDOT Local governments 5
M70 Develop and promulgate standard maintenance agreements and work with Division Offices to understand how they work and are applied to non-traditional partners. NCDOT University – land planning institute 5
M71 Develop setting guidelines for magnetic induction loop detectors that increase the range of sensitivity to cyclist presence. NCDOT 5
M72 Improve bike lane and paved shoulder sweeping programs as collaborative effort. NCDOT, local governments 5
M73 Market the NCDOT "Contact Us" and "DOT4YOU" system to improve online form for individuals to report missing signs. Additionally, NCDOT should designate one point person within the Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Division to field these reports and communicate them to the appropriate division. NCDOT-DBPT NCDOT Divisions 4
Mobility: Legislation
M74 Evaluate state legislation that deals with minimum passing requirements, lane positioning, and hand signaling; reconsider the contributory negligence law. NCDOT NC State Legislature; BikeWalkNC 5
Mobility: Land Use Integration
M75 Consider adopting a multi-modal transportation efficient land use policy and direction. NCDOT, Division of Community Assistance NC State Legislature
M76 Consider tools for Municipalities, Counties, and NCDOT including context and transect-based approaches, small area plans, and use of Conservation Planning Tool and Green Growth Toolbox. NCDOT, Municipalities 5
M77 Encourage local governments to develop current land use plans and development policies in advance of CTP development. NC State Legislature 5
M78 Research best practices and case studies in the state and surrounding states for coordinated land use and transportation planning and development efforts. NCDOT Healthy Environments Collaborative 5
M79 Consider providing incentives to local communities that develop land use and corridor plans with adopted codes that support multi-modal transportation efficient land use. NCDOT NC State Legislature 5
M80 Encoourage partnerships between local land use planners, MPOs, and NCDOT to encourage understanding of land use goals such as smart growth and transportation strategies. NCDOT NCCOGs 5
M81 Ensure consistency in the understanding of the terminology and definitions for land use and transportation by all stakeholders. NCDOT MPOs/RPOs/local governments 5
M82 Research best practices for including bicycle and pedestrian issues and mitigation options within local Traffic Impact Studies. NCDOT 5
M83 Consider providing on-going support to surrounding communities during planning, design and implementation of the multi-modal transportation efficient land use plans (new transportation planner in each division). NCDOT 5
Find out more about the 5 Pillars of the Plan


News   /   Politics   /   Military

US drones killed tens of thousands of civilians under ‘war on terror’ pretext: Iran

People survey the damage to a vehicle after a US drone strike. The US military admitted to a “tragic mistake” in the August 29, 2021 drone strike in Kabul that killed 10 civilians, including an aid worker and seven children. (Photo by the New York Times)

Iran’s top human rights official has said that US drone strikes have only caused death and destruction, killing tens of thousands of civilians and destroying their homes over the last two decades under the pretext of countering terrorism.

Kazem Gharibabadi, secretary general of Iran’s High Council for Human Rights, tweeted late on Sunday that “under the pretext of countering terrorism, the US has conducted at least 14,000 drone strikes in seven countries over the last two decades.”

“The result? 48,000 civilians killed, tens of thousands of homes shattered into pieces,” he added.

The figures Gharibabadi tweeted were taken from a letter by dozens of US Congress members sent to US President Joe Biden on Thursday asking for the review and overhaul of existing counterterrorism policy.

“Without systematic reforms centered on human rights and international law, the status quo will continue to undermine counterterrorism objectives, produce significant human and strategic costs and erode the rule of law and the United States’ image abroad,” said the letter, signed by 11 senators and 39 members of the House of Representatives.

The letter, citing third-party sources, revealed that as 48,000 civilians in seven countries were killed by the US drone strikes in the course of the past two decades, adding that as many as 2,200 civilians, including 450 children, lost their lives during attacks by at least 14,000 US drone airstrikes since 2002.

“In far too many cases, rather than achieving the policy goal of eliminating hostile combatants to preserve US national security, lethal US strikes have instead killed thousands of civilians, including children,” the American lawmakers further said.

The signatories also acknowledged that “alarmingly”, the actual numbers are likely to be significantly higher given the difficulty of comprehensive reporting and Washington’s consistent underreporting of these numbers and reported refusal to probe death reports.

“We strongly urge your administration to review and overhaul US counterterrorism policy to center human rights and the protection of civilians, align with US and international law, prioritize non-lethal tools to address conflict and fragility, and only use force when it is lawful and as a last resort,” the legislators added, addressing Biden.

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Differences between LII (INTj) and ILE (ENTp)

1. ENTps' energy levels tend to decrease when they're alone whereas INTjs' energy levels will decrease when they're interacting with larger groups of people.

2. With regards to energy levels, ENTps tend to have higher energy levels than INTjs.

3. When solving a problem, INTjs rely more heavily on their generalized past experiences than ENTps. INTjs are inclined to use already prepared, preformulated methods and processes to solve a problem.

4. ENTps tend to start more tasks and other projects than INTjs, but the ENTps are less likely to complete all of them.

5. INTjs tend to plan ahead, making decisions early. On the other hand, ENTps tend to prefer a wait and see, more spontaneous approach.

6. ENTps are more likely than INTjs to use "emotional anchors" that resonate with their internal emotional condition. These emotional anchors could be a book, a movie, a place, a song, etc. ENTps use these anchors to strengthen their inner emotional state and thus will repeat the experience: e.g., re-reading a book, re-watching a movie, continually going back to a place to experience the emotions associated with it.

7. INTjs are generally better at concentrating on specific tasks for longer periods of time than ENTps.

8. ENTps are often more cognizant of their outwards appearance and are thus better at presenting themselves than INTjs.

9. ENTps are able to change and make adjustments to their goals more easily than INTjs (depending on how progress is being made, etc.). INTjs on the other hand, prefer to stick with their original goals.

10. ENTps often prefer to work with others in a team where as INTjs often prefer working alone.

11. When developing a plan of action or process, ENTps tend to see themselves as "within the process"; they are immersed in it. Often because of this, they have more difficulty managing several plans at once. On the other hand, INTjs tend to place themselves "outside of the process"; they dissociate from it. For them the process or situation is something external from themselves.

12. ENTps' psychic energy more often flows outwards, whereas with INTjs, their psychic energy more often flows inward.

13. When assessing an option or available choice, ENTps tend to focus more on how the choice could benefit them (what it would potentially yield) than INTjs would. On the other hand, INTjs would be more cognizant of the potential risks and potential losses that may accompany the decision that ENTps may unconsciously minimize.

14. INTjs often have a smaller, closer network of friends where as ENTps often have a wider network of friends.

15. ENTps tend to have a more democratic leadership style than INTjs.

16. INTjs are relatively more rigid and stubborn than ENTps.

17. When solving a problem, ENTps are more inclined (than INTjs) to solve it by relying predominantly on only the presently available information. Essentially, ENTps will develop a process or method uniquely fitted towards the present problem, and this method is designed using the present conditions and information.

18. ENTps have a relatively higher stress tolerance than INTjs. INTjs often struggle with continually changing situations more than ENTps do.

19. ENTps tend to be more active and initiating with others where as INTjs tend to be more passive and less initiating.

20. ENTps are relatively more flexible and tolerant than INTjs.

21. INTjs tend to judge their available options by how likely the option will help them reach their goal. If a choice no longer helps INTjs reach their goals, it will be dismissed and discontinued. On the other hand, ENTps prefer to continue pursuing their current option, opting to adjust their ultimate goal in order to fit the current choice.

22. When working on a project, INTjs experience more discomfort (than ENTps) if the project does not have a clearly delineated end-goal or result. This happens because INTjs have more difficulty monitoring and understanding how the project is developing than ENTps because they are outside of the process.

23. INTjs are more likely (than ENTps) to seek new and novel experiences rather than returning to something already lived through. They will generally only re-read a book, re-watch a movie, or revisit the same place if they have forgotten it or are hoping to learn something new from it.

24. INTjs' energy levels tend to improve when they're alone whereas ENTps' energy levels increase when they're interacting with larger groups.

25. When planning to complete something, INTjs are more likely to focus their attention on the goal itself, overlooking and deprioritizing the individual actions needed to reach that goal. On the other hand, ENTps tend to focus their attention on the each action; i.e., they're focused on how each decision and choice is being made (towards reaching the goal), in a step by step process.

26. INTjs are more often focused on their thoughts and feelings where as ENTps are more often focused on their surroundings.

27. INTjs tend to have stiffer more angular movements. ENTps tend to have more relaxed fluid movements.

28. INTjs tend to put more effort than ENTps into finishing any new project they start.

29. INTjs pay more particular attention to aspects of a situation or plan that are insufficient or lacking. This can be interpreted by others as INTjs having a negative assessment of various situations and events (.e.g, "the glass is half empty). On the other hand, ENTps pay more attention to what is actually present in a situation, and this can be interpreted as an affirmative or positive manifestation of the surrounding world, situations, possibilities, and prospects (e.g. "the glass is half full").

30. ENTps are comfortable making changes and adjustments to their decisions quite frequently. INTjs, on the other hand, prefer to not make changes to their decisions.

31. INTjs tend to have a more authoritarian, hierarchical leadership style than ENTps.

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Applying GANs as a cyber weapon: new forms of cyber attack

by Ivana Butorac - Data Protection Expert
| minutes read

As I pointed out in a previous post on GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks), such deep neural networks can be put to great use to improve your cyber defense. At the other end of the spectrum, however, they can just as easily be used by cybercriminals for malicious purposes. In that case, GANs can have a significant negative impact on your business, not to mention on society as a whole.

Let's have a quick look therefore at some new and/or more sophisticated forms of cyber attack that the use of GANs can bring along with it.

Compromising authentication methods

GANs can be used for password cracking and, consequently, for compromising authentication methods. There are several known and popular methods to break into accounts, but training algorithms to generate password texts definitely didn’t use to be one. Until the introduction of GANs, that is.

An excellent example is PassGAN. This machine learning model was trained on the popular RockYou dataset, containing over 32 million passwords that were leaked in 2007. PassGAN has proved to be very effective in password cracking, as it not only manages to mimic RockYou’s original distribution of passwords but also generates other unique passwords that are likely to be used elsewhere, endangering password authentication.

Research has effectively shown that PassGAN is able to match more than 43% of RockYou passwords. Another interesting finding is that, although PassGAN had not been exposed to leaked LinkedIn passwords, it was nevertheless able to successfully match 24.2% of leaked LinkedIn passwords. More remarkably even, when combined with a password recovery tool such as HashCat, PassGAN proved able to match between 51 and 73% more passwords than the HashCat tool alone was able to do, which certainly increases the risk of data theft.

Evading detection systems

Although on the positive side, GANs can be very effective in preventing malicious attacks, they also provide their users with a powerful means or method for evading detection systems. Such systems are put in place to protect us from data theft, data poisoning, spying, and other negative actions or events. Unfortunately, however, it seems they can be cracked.

A known GAN-based algorithm that allows its users to bypass detection systems is MalGAN. It produces malware and performs black-box adversarial attacks to evade the detection system. Here a generative network is trained to minimise the generated adversarial examples' malicious probabilities predicted by the substitute detector. An interesting, but the scary fact about this researched GAN is that it was tested directly against the system it was aimed to bypass, and it achieved its goal 100% of the time.

Tricking biometric recognition systems

Knowing that GANs are primarily used to generate new data samples, this also means that any data can be produced really, including biometric data such as fingerprints or facial images. This application of GANs can therefore also lead to tricking facial and fingerprint recognition systems.

By way of experiment, researchers from Tel Aviv created 9 master faces and tested them against 3 major facial recognition systems. A master face is a facial image that passes face-based identity authentication for a large portion of the population. These faces can be used to impersonate, with a high probability of success, any user, without having access to any user information whatsoever. The results are downright alarming, showing that only 9 master faces can pass for 40 to 60% of the general population.

Apart from facial images, GANs can also successfully create good-quality fingerprints. It is true that nowadays fingerprint recognition systems are quite advanced, taking into account other factors such as warmth as well. But the reality remains that such systems are not designed to know which fingerprints are real and which are fake. The fact that aresearch experiment shows that fake fingerprints are able to spoof 23% of the subjects in the dataset at a 0.1% false match rate is a clear and strong sign that this deployment of GANs for malicious purposes should not be ignored.

Leveraging social engineering attacks

Lastly, GANs definitely leverage different social engineering attacks, identity thefts, and impersonations of people. More specifically, given that any kind of data can be generated by GANs, they can be widely used in phishing, whaling, and spoofing attacks. The first-known GAN-created spoofing attack was reported in 2019 when criminals impersonated a chief executive and demanded a fraudulent transfer of €220,000 (Euler Hermes customer case).

But it doesn’t stop there. GANs have the ability to produce real-time face re-enactment videos that look like the real human is realistically moving and talking, leaving no room to doubt their authenticity. This becomes particularly dangerous when used against real individuals in real companies, real organisations, and real institutions. Not only can this lead to serious reputational damages, it can also cause widespread fake news and harmful misinformation, threatening democratic processes and endangering national security even.

At Sopra Steria, we believe raising awareness and education is key to staying on top of new technological developments such as AI and, more particularly in this instance, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Don’t hesitate to contact me or my colleagues for further information to help you stay on top.

Read my previous article to find out how GANs can also be used to improve your cyber defense.

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Separating Silver From Manganese Ore

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Separation Separation Manganese From Ore

Manganes Ore Malaysia, Manganes Ore Malaysia Suppliers Directory - Find variety Manganes Ore Malaysia Suppliers, Manufacturers, Companies from around the World at iron ore ,copper ore ,manganese ore, Manganese Ore.Separation Separation Manganese From Ore. Sep 21 2019018332Gravity separation plant for manganese ore To the sedimentary oxides it is poor in concentrates To get the lump concentrates Fote Machinery engineers often adopt the methods of jigger gravity separation to get rid of gangue In the ferric manganese oxides limonite contains It is hard to separate limonite with manganese by the.2020-4-21Separating gold from manganese - , separating platinum from cobalt and manganese cobalt,uranium,chromium,titanium,nickel and other separating , chemical flotation is a good way to separate some rougher ore and the , separation of tungsten and manganese ore gold separation machine steel slag .How to separate manganese and iron ore.The manganese present in the form of various manganese carbonate minerals or manganese oxide in the mixed manganese ore accounts for less than 85 of the manganese content in the ore. Polymetallic manganese ore is different from the above three kinds of manganese ore, in addition to manganese, it also contains other metal and nonmetal minerals.

「manganese Ore Gold Separation From Ore Ukraine」

The Manganese Ore Magnetic Separation Machine is a machine which uses rare earth permanent magnetic material as magnetic source. . Contact Now Manganese Ore Gravity Processing Plant This Manganese Ore Gravity Processing Plant is widely used in the processing of coal, non-ferrous metal, rare metal, precious metal ore, and it also used.The leach liquor obtained after the extraction of manganese from a low grade manganese ore contained both manganese and iron. In this paper an attempt has been made to remove iron by aerial oxidation. Parameters such as pH, temperature and time were varied in order to arrive at an optimum condition.Manganese mining gravity processing line is mainly used in gravity upgrading of manganese oxide ore with its small investment, low operation cost. 2. Manganese magnetic separation flow chart Manganese ore is kind of weak magnetic mineral and high gauss intensity magnetic separator of +14000Gauss can help to gain effective separation of manganese.Gravity separation and magnetic separation can be involved for manganese upgrading. Gravity separation is commonly used in manganese beneficiation with its low plant investment and low operation cost. However for some manganese ore of too fine inlay or small density difference between manganese and its attached gangue, gravity separation can not work, magnetic separation or.

Manganese Ore Magnetic Separator

For example, the separating of gold ore, silver, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, pyrite, nickel sulfide mineral, Manganese ore beneficiation plant is also called manganese ore processing plant, which can separate manganese ore from mines to improve the grade of manganese ore. . Limonite Ore Processing.Manganese Oreic Separator.ic Separation Of Manganese Ore.ic separatoric separation is a process used to separate materials from those that are less oreicic separation has better separation precision than gravity concentration beneficiation equipment for this purpose isic separator manganese ore is weakic, so it needs high strength.A manganese ore to be of commercial value should contain at least 40 per cent of metallic manganese and be low in percentages of phosphorus and silica. Manganese has been obtained in the United States from the following materials manganese ores, manganiferous iron ores, manganiferous silver ores, and from the residuum left from smelting the.Magnetic separation is often considered pertinent for manganese ore beneficiation when the ore is abundant with siliceous rich gangue mineral phases. However, the process is deemed to be inapposite for the ferruginous type of ore, and remains a grey area of research. In the present investigation, two different types of manganese ore were studied in detail to understand the influence of.

「manganese Ore Separating Jigger」

2ltc 6109 8t ore jigger for separating minerals, Jigger machine is widely used in manganese ore leadzinc mine lapis lazuli barite ore fluorite pyrite limonite hematite mercury and other minerals reelection am30 jig machine is applied to the separation operation it has a good effect on the separate of big size raw ore ore dressing use jigger machine for iron.Machines used in the ore dressing of manganese. at present the monly used method for manganese ore dressing machinery election including washing sieving gravity separation high intensity magnetic separation of silver from silver manganese ore with cellulose as high quality jigger machine for manganese ore separation.Apr 03, 2019 2 Manganese ore beneficiation methods. The purpose of manganese ore beneficiation is to remove the slime, separate stone and mineral manganese, enrich the low-grade ore, improve the ore grade, reduce the energy and reagent consumption of the smelting process from the source, and then reduce the amount of smelting waste.Processing metallic ore (e.g., gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, and lead) can involve numerous steps including crushing, grinding with water, physically separating the ore minerals from non-ore minerals often by density, and chemically separating the metal from the ore minerals using methods such as smelting (heating the ore minerals.


How to process plastic products

2019-09-23　 421

The mechanical processing of plastic products is a general term for the processing of plastic products by mechanical means. The types of mechanical processing of plastic products mainly include cutting, punching, cutting, drilling, threading, machining, and laser processing. Products with high dimensional accuracy and complex structure can be obtained by machining. In addition, machining is also an auxiliary process for molding or other molding operations. Such as the cutting edge of the molded article, the sawing of the extruded profile, and cutting the plastic sheet into a prescribed size.

(1) Cutting of plastics, mainly used for plastic sheets, tubes, rods and other profiles, can be used in a variety of methods, such as sawing, shearing, milling, grinding wheel cutting, laser cutting, electric wire cutting, ultrasonic cutting, high pressure Water flow (waterjet) cutting, etc. For the cutting of rod-shaped or tubular plastic materials, lathes can also be used.

(2) The punching of plastic is to cut a plastic sheet with a die having a certain shape and a cutting edge. Punching methods include punching, punching, cutting, cutting, trimming, and refurbishing, among which punching and punching are the most common.

(3) The cutting process of plastic is to cut off the excess material on the blank or workpiece with a cutting tool to obtain the machine part with the required geometry, size and surface quality.

(4) The purpose of plastic drilling is to drill holes, which can be carried out not only on various drilling machines, but also on lathes and milling machines, and hand drills.

(5) Thread processing of plastic, tapping and car thread. Tapping refers to the manufacture of internal threaded teeth in the eyelet, and the threaded teeth are made of external thread on the cylindrical body. Tapping is performed on a tapping bed or a drill with a tapping attachment, but it is also done by hand. The tool used is a tap. The car thread can be turned or milled, or it can be done manually with threaded die.

(6) Laser processing of plastics. The essence of processing lasers with plastics is that plastics can quickly convert absorbed light into heat and ablate the plastic itself in a short period of time. If the laser is concentrated at a certain point on the plastic part, the laser can completely destroy the plastic in the forward direction within the range touched by the light. Thus, when the plastic article is not moved, the designated portion of the illumination is laser-punched, and the article can be "cut" to grow as the article moves. The conversion from laser to thermal energy is not only extremely concentrated but also very fast, so that the transfer of the converted thermal energy component is close to zero.


The word tradition comes from a Latin word that means to deliver. It is a way of behaving or doing something commonly accepted in a specific society, place, context or moment. Finally, like traditions, customs can have their origin in the family: some gestures, acts or behaviors that are put into practice often become habits. Damian Corrigan. When a custom continues from generation to generation, it becomes a tradition. Customs and Traditions A good start to gaining some understanding of the lives of people living in a country is to look at their cherished customs and traditions. If you can score above 85% then you know your stuff! In comparison, habits are about just one person’s behavior. A religious or social custom that has been passed down over generations becomes a tradition. by Terri Briseno. Take the Culture Vulture's Quiz on South Korea and see how much you have learnt about the country, its people and culture. Tradition-oriented societies have been characterized as valuing filial piety, harmony and group welfare, stability, and interdependence, while a society exhibiting modernity would value "individualism (with free will and choice), mobility, and progress." He has written about the country full time since 2006. They all have a dictionary look up - double click on any word to get an instant definition and often you can listen to the pronunciation too. The core celebration of carnival is based on a locally famous Battle of the Oranges. Spanish Customs and Traditions. For example, the ceremony of communion and baptism are very important traditions in some Christian religions. A habit is something that a person does often in a regular and repeated way. Giorgio Majno/Getty Images. The main difference between Customs and Traditions lies in the amount of time associated with them, that is, when one speaks of traditions and customs, one of the quickest and simplest ways of knowing how to differentiate between the two is by taking into account what so long is the period of time in which they are maintained. Traditional Festivals China is a country steeped in ancient customs and traditions, of which the native people are proud. But they are not as old as traditions, and they are practiced by fewer people. On the other hand, a custom is a common practice for many or a particular place or group of people, it can even be something individual. British Culture Customs, Culture and Traditions. Indian Customs and Traditions. But they are not as old as traditions, and they are practiced by fewer people. Customs and traditions in the Navy can be official and formal, such as the precedence of forces in parades, or an unofficial rite of passage, such as crossing the line, which is marked by a certificate and ceremony. Though these two words, traditions, and customs are often used interchangeably, there is a slight difference between custom and tradition. Fact-Checked by . Written by. In Greece, a child’s tooth is thrown onto the roof for good luck. Below are China’s three major traditional festivals; all are celebrated according to the Chinese lunar calendar. Habits, Customs and Traditions - How Are They Different? Great question. All three words relate to actions that are done repeatedly. Unusual Customs and Traditions - A long time ago the year was marked out with special days which marked the passing year. Intricate patterns of mehndi applied to a bride before a wedding. It is a custom that is handed over by a generation to the coming generation and one that has been passed down over successive generations. 3.3 Driving Culture and Norms. Prev NEXT . Here is a brief overview of Russian customs & traditions. He writes, “Can you explain the difference between habit, custom and tradition?”. Main Difference – Custom vs Tradition. Damian Corrigan is a travel writer who has traveled extensively throughout Spain since moving there in 2003. This week we answer a question from Ashraf in Egypt. From daily customs to festival traditions, there are very many. happening over and over again at the same time or in the same way : occurring every day, week, or month. Updated 07/30/20. Tripsavvy's Editorial Guidelines. In the social sciences, tradition is often contrasted with modernity, particularly in terms of whole societies.


• Mobile diabetes intervention study of patient engagement and impact on blood glucose: Mixed methods analysis

      Quinn, C.C.; Butler, E.C.; Swasey, K.K. (JMIR Publications, 2018)
      Background: Successful treatment of diabetes includes patient self-management behaviors to prevent or delay complications and comorbid diseases. On the basis of findings from large clinical trials and professional guidelines, diabetes education programs and health providers prescribe daily regimens of glucose monitoring, healthy eating, stress management, medication adherence, and physical activity. Consistent, long-term commitment to regimens is challenging. Mobile health is increasingly being used to assist patients with lifestyle changes and self-management behaviors between provider visits. The effectiveness of mobile health to improve diabetes outcomes depends on patient engagement with a technology, content, or interactions with providers. Objectives: In the current analysis, we aimed to identify patient engagement themes in diabetes messaging with diabetes providers and determine if differences in engagement in the Mobile Diabetes Intervention Study (MDIS) influenced changes in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over a 1-year treatment period (1.9% absolute decrease in the parent study). Methods: In the primary MDIS study, 163 patients were enrolled into 1 of 3 mobile intervention groups or a usual care control group based on their physician cluster randomization assignment. The control group received care from their physicians as usual. Participants in each intervention group had access to a patient portal where they could record monitoring values for blood glucose, blood pressure, medication changes, or other self-management information while also assigned to varying levels of physician access to patient data. Intervention participants could choose to send and receive messages to assigned certified diabetes educators with questions or updates through the secure Web portal. For this secondary analysis, patient engagement was measured using qualitative methods to identify self-care themes in 4109 patient messages. Mixed methods were used to determine the impact of patient engagement on change in HbA1c over 1 year. Results: Self-care behavior themes that received the highest engagement for participants were glucose monitoring (75/107, 70.1%), medication management (71/107, 66.4%), and reducing risks (71/107, 66.4%). The average number of messages sent per patient were highest for glucose monitoring (9.2, SD 14.0) and healthy eating (6.9, SD 13.2). Compared to sending no messages, sending any messages about glucose monitoring (P=.03) or medication (P=.01) led to a decrease in HbA1c of 0.62 and 0.72 percentage points, respectively. Sending any messages about healthy eating, glucose monitoring, or medication combined led to a decrease in HbA1c of 0.54 percentage points compared to not sending messages in these themes (P=.045). Conclusions: The findings from this study help validate the efficacy of the mobile diabetes intervention. The next step is to determine differences between patients who engage in mobile interventions and those who do not engage and identify methods to enhance patient engagement. Copyright Charlene Connolly Quinn, Erin C Butler, Krystal K Swasey, Michelle D Shardell, Michael D Terrin, Erik A Barr, Ann L Gruber-Baldini.

    • Relationships between parents-in-law and children-in-law of differing racial and ethnic backgrounds: An initial qualitative exploration

      Saviet, Micah; Greif, Geoffrey L. (Indiana University School of Social Work, 2021-06-14)
      In-law relationships have drawn recent interest from family scholars. Historical trends demonstrate a significant rise in newlyweds marrying someone of a different race or ethnicity. Given this growing population of inter-racial marriage, the need to know more about these couples and their families is paramount. This article describes four themes that emerged from qualitative interviews with nine parents-in-law discussing their relationships with their child-in-law who is of a different race. The overarching themes identified for in-laws included: Being initially hesitant based on race and/or culture; managing barriers pertaining to communication, language, and/or culture; differences that were enriching to the in-law relationship; and bonding related to shared minority status. Based on these findings, social workers may assume a supportive role for members of interracial families as they navigate not only social barriers but also their in-law relationships. © 2021 Author.


Can you wash intake filter?

Keeping your cold air intake well-maintained requires that your filter be properly cleaned and free of debris. … A good rule of thumb is to clean your cold air intake filter every time that you need to have your oil changed. The process is simple and only takes a few minutes.

How do you clean an intake filter?

Directions for Cleaning an Air Filter:

  1. Remove the filter. Take the air filter out, taking care to make sure no dirt or debris falls into the airbox or intake. …
  2. Apply cleaning solution. Spray the filter with Simple Green All-Purpose Cleaner and let it soak.
  3. Rinse. …
  4. Dry. …
  5. Oil and replace.

What happens if intake filter gets wet?

A wet air filter will decrease your car’s performance. If your filter stays wet it can cause the engine to choke or otherwise run rich. Over time this can cause water to make its way into your engine where it can mix with oil and cause a big mess.

IMPORTANT:  Does a water softener need a sediment filter?

Can you wash and reuse filters?

Reusable filters can be washed and replaced. However, the disposable filters you use in your HVAC system aren’t made to shed water after they get wet. … Plus, wetting a disposable filter makes it far less effective, so you’ll see decreases in energy efficiency and indoor air quality.

Can I clean my air filter with soap and water?

It could be just what your car needs. Air filters are made of cotton, paper or foam, or a mix of those materials. Check your owner’s manual or with the air filter manufacturer to be sure it’s safe to use soap and water, and if you have an oil-coated filter. … Don’t use soap and water on an oil-coated air filter.

How often should I clean my cold air intake filter?

Can you clean a cold air intake filter with water?

Can water get into air intake?

The most common way water damages a car’s engine is when it gets sucked up through the air intake. … This sudden stoppage can irreversibly damage internal components and turn your car’s motor into little more than a glorified paperweight.

IMPORTANT:  Is purified water USP sterile?

What happens if I run my car without an air filter?

Can a blue air filter be washed?

The Blue air purifiers use one main filter and one pre-filter: The main filter is a Particle filter with a Carbon mesh for particle removal and gas reduction. The pre-filter is a fabric pre-filter that can be vacuumed and washed in the washing machine.

Can HEPA filters be washed and reused?

A permanent or washable HEPA filter can be cleaned and reused multiple times as long as it is done properly without damaging the filter. Most permanent HEPA filters can be cleaned gently with a vacuum cleaner, while a washable HEPA filter can be cleaned by rinsing it in cold water.

Can I clean my air filter instead of replacing it?

While it is recommended that you change out your vehicle filters on a regular schedule, you can extend the life of some filters by cleaning them. Eventually, though, all filters need replacing, because cleaning them becomes less and less effective. At this point, it is better to have a mechanic change them.

What can I use to clean my air filter?

Wash the Filter

  1. For a deeper cleaning, fill a sink with one part water and one part white vinegar, and then allow your HVAC filter to soak in the solution for one hour.
  2. Rinse it off with fresh water and let it fully dry before returning it to your AC unit.
IMPORTANT:  Does a dirty air filter affect performance house?


No Man Hath Greater Love – the Bible Used as War Propaganda

No man hath greater love than this, that he lays down his life for his friend.” This Scripture is frequently misused to justify war. The quote comes from a passage in John’s Gospel which is very much about love. God is love, and we are commanded to love even our enemies.

This has nothing to do with soldiering. No soldier gives his life. His mission is to kill others while staying alive himself. There’s a maxim that in war it takes a thousand bullets to kill a man. If you calculate numbers of rounds and number of deaths, that’s probably an under-estimate. If a man wants to die, it only takes one bullet. When it takes thousands, it’s clear that everybody is trying very, very hard to stay alive. Very rarely does a soldier give his life; mostly he has it wrenched away from him with pain and horror.

The repeated use of this Scripture on military graves, and elsewhere, for the purpose of glorifying war, is an iniquitous abuse of Scripture. A soldier’s life is taken by the enemy, but also by the soldier’s own decision to take up the sword, and also again by those who encouraged, or enabled, or pressured him to do so. It is blasphemy to use the words of Jesus to justify any of this.


How much is a Ducati valve adjustment?

You’ll need new belts, and getting into the valve adjustment is tedious work, so it tends to get expensive. I’d say for everything handled, you should be between $800 – $1200 depending on who’s doing it and the level of quality in execution.

How much does a valve adjustment cost?

How often should valves be adjusted on motorcycle?

It depends on the type of bike, and the use. On a supersport, maybe every 10–15K miles. On a tourer, maybe every 20–25K miles. The higher the redline and the harder the use, the more often you will need to adjust the valves.

What are the symptoms of a bad valve adjustment?

Once your valves start to lose their proper clearance, they’ll be easy to notice. … This rough idling is caused by the valve opening late, choking off fuel. Stalling after a cold start is common. In other cases, you may hear a loud rattling noise as the valve knocks against the side of the shaft.

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Do I really need a valve adjustment?

Does your engine need a valve adjustment? … Due to the popularization of roller-follower valve train designs that reduce friction and hydraulic tappets (valve lifters) that help maintain optimal valve clearance, valve adjustment isn’t necessary as frequently, if at all, in modern vehicles as in older ones.

How do I know I need a valve adjustment?

When do I need to have a valve adjustment? You should have your valve lash inspected at manufacturers recommended intervals. A sure sign that it’s time for a valve lash adjustment is if your engine is making a loud clicking or tapping noise when starting up or if you experience a loss in engine power.

How much is valve clearance?

Opinions may vary between piston and valve manufacturers, but a popular consensus is a minimum clearance of . 080-inch for the intake and . 100-inch for the exhaust. The exhaust valve expands more due to heat from combustion, and therefore needs additional clearance.

How much does it cost to get valves adjusted on a dirt bike?

What happens when motorcycle valves are out of adjustment?

Loose valves tend to make a lot of noise, they also hammer themselves and the other valve train components, accelerating wear. In an extreme case, a loose valve in a pushrod engine may let the pushrod fall away from the rocker arm and destroy itself, as well as some of the other expensive bits.

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How long does a valve adjustment take?

Registered. Pros bill for half an hour to an hour. If you haven’t done it before it’s going to take you longer than 20/45 minutes.

How often do valves need to be adjusted?

Valve lash adjustment is a relatively uncomplicated procedure. Valve lash should be checked and adjusted as needed as a normal maintenance process every 1,000 to 3,000 hours after the initial adjustment.

Will a valve adjustment increase performance?

Within the manufacturers recommended range if you adjust them to the smaller clearance you will slightly increase the duration of the valve opening and increase power and higher RPM. A larger clearance with produce more power at lower RPM.


Werner Herzog
One of the richest celebrities 19/05/2022

Height6 ft (1.85 m)Werner Herzog height is 6 ft (1.85 m)
Was born inSep 5, 1942 (78 years old)Werner Herzog birthday is Sep 5, 1942 (78 years old)
GendermaleAs we can see, Werner Herzog is a male
ProfessioncelebritiesWerner Herzog belongs to celebrities

Werner Herzog

What is Werner Herzog Net Worth in 2022

Werner Herzog Annual Salary 2022

According to the EmergeSocial.net stats, in 2022 Werner Herzog net worth will grow up to approximately 20 Million. This is a relatively high net worth compared to other celebrities.

How much money does Werner Herzog make

According to our stats (updated 19/05/2022), the exact and complete value of Werner Herzog salary is not disclosed, but Werner Herzog income in 2022 is (or was previously) so that Werner Herzog net worth is around 20 Million.

When was Werner Herzog born?

Werner Herzog age

In various public sources there is information that, as of 19/05/2022, Werner Herzog age is about Sep 5, 1942 (78 years old).

Werner Herzog Spouse

As of 19/05/2022, we do not have reliable and precise info about the Spouse of Werner Herzog. We will update this information till the end of 2022.

Is Werner Herzog still alive?

We would like to hope so (as of 19/05/2022). Unfortunately, the database is always updated with some lag.

How tall is Werner Herzog

A good question. Notably, Werner Herzog is almost 6 ft (1.85 m) tall. Like it happens with all people, Werner Herzog 6 ft (1.85 m) changes with time slowly.

Werner Herzog nationality

Perhaps it is better to say that it's mixed. Werner Herzog nationality is not the thing that is frequently stressed in public media.

Werner Herzog family

We do not have detailed info on Werner Herzog family as of 19/05/2022 (except for some facts described in the main text about Werner Herzog).

What happened with Werner Herzog

Here are News about Werner Herzog on 19/05/2022.

Werner Herzog net worth: Werner Herzog is a German film ruler, producer, screenwriter, doer, creator, and opera ruler who has a net worth of $20 million. During his course so far, Werner has written, produced and directed more than sixty component films.

How rich is Werner Herzog - Net Worth in 2022: $20 Million

Werner Herzog Patrimonio 2022

Werner Herzog Vermögen 2022

Werner Herzog Fortune 2022

Werner Herzog Fortuna 2022

Werner Herzog servet 2022

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Guitar Tonewood Comparison: What is the Best Guitar Tonewood For You?

Choosing a tonewood for your guitar construction is a tedious process. Tonewood for a guitar body, neck, and fretboard comprises 90% of the construction of the guitar. This tonewood affects the overall tonality of the guitar. Each wood is unique and has different tonal characteristics and has a different sound and this is where guitar tonewood comparison comes in.

In this article, we will look into the guitar tonewood comparison. So what is a tonewood? They are special wood varieties with unique tonal qualities. These tonewoods can be used in the making of electric guitars and acoustic guitars.

The use of a variety of tonewoods in the guitar has changed in recent years because of the CITES permit and other restrictions. Indian Rosewood which was extensively used in guitars has restrictions for its use now. Moreover, Granadillo and Bubbing too face restrictions for use. This is where new non-traditional wood varieties come in.

Let us check the guitar tonewood comparison for acoustic guitar tonewoods.

An acoustic guitar has a large guitar body which consists of the top and the back and side. Usually, the same type of tonewood is used for both of the main parts for acoustic guitars.

Spruce Tonewood

Spruce is the most popular tonewood used for acoustic guitar tops, and it has a pale color. This tonewood produces a smooth and sweet sound that makes spruce an all-rounder. Moreover, spruce works well with any other tonewood to produce a good tone. Another thing to note is their good projection and volume to boot.

Spruce has several varieties in which Sitka Spruce is the most commonly used species. It is classified by clear fundamental harmonics.

Cedar is the second most popular tonewood top for guitar. It has a unique red-brown color. When comparing with Spruce, Cedar is less dense which makes it quieter and less bright. However, Cedar is much warmer and takes a shorter time to relinquish its full tonal potential.

Because of the above characteristics, Cedar is considered as the best tonewood for fingerstyle guitar.

Mahogany is generally used as a tonewood for guitar backs and sides. However, Mahogany is occasionally used as a top material. Mahogany has a denser wood, with a darkened surface, and close grain. Moreover, when comparing with Cedar and Spruce, it has a far warmer and darker tone.

Mahogany and Spruce is the most popular combination in an acoustic guitar construction as it offers a very balanced tone. While going through the details also check out some of the African Mahagony headplates

Maple is classified as the strongest and hardest tonewood. Maple is not a commonly used guitar tonewood, however, it has featured in some of the finest guitars ever made. Maple delivers a bright sounding tone beside great projection and superior note definition. Also, check the most popular birds eye maple guitar neck blanks.

Rosewood is one of the most commonly used tonewoods in musical instruments. Rosewood has now become rare, because of the CITES restrictions. This makes it very expensive among tonewood varieties. Moreover, it is very hard to come by.
Rosewood has a smooth warm tone with complicated harmonious overtones. Rosewood has a dark chocolate brown color and generally used in the back and side of the guitars.

A combination of rosewood and spruce forms an astonishingly stable and varied palette of tones.

Indian Rosewood is the commonly used species that produces warm, but singing harmonics. Brazillian Rosewood another rare species used.

Now we will jump into Electric Guitar Tonewood comparison. An electric guitar has a smaller body and thin necks compared with an acoustic guitar.

Basswood is the most commonly used electric guitar tonewood. This American wood is lighter and easily machines well. Because of its soft composition, it can't be used as fretboards and necks.

Tonally, Basswood gives mid-range energy with a great sustain. Moreover, basswood is perfect for versatility and balanced nature. Here you can purchase bassbody blanks.

Poplar is lightweight and easy to machine. These qualities make them a popular choice for entry-level electric guitars. Poplar has a great balanced tone which makes them more resonant than other tonewoods. Moreover, it is a great tonewood that can be used for a variety of styles.

Each tonewood is unique and has different characteristics. It's up to the guitar maker to choose the tonewood that suits his needs. Exotic Wood Zone offers some of the best exotic and imported tonewoods. Buy great guitar tonewoods from the Exotic Wood Zone.

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Introducing a Dog to Other Pets

From “the leader of the pack” to “the top dog,” plenty of simplistic metaphors come from the canine world. But relationships between canines can be pretty complex, beginning with the very first meeting.

Like most animals who live in groups, dogs establish their own social structure, sometimes called a dominance hierarchy. This dominance hierarchy serves to maintain order, reduce conflict and promote cooperation among pack members.

Dogs also establish territories, which they may defend against intruders or rivals. Of course, dogs’ social and territorial nature affects their behavior whenever a new dog is introduced to the household.

Choose a neutral location

Introduce the dogs in a neutral location so that your resident dog is less likely to view the newcomer as a territorial intruder. Each dog should be handled by a separate person. With both dogs on leashes, begin the introductions in an area unfamiliar to each, such as a park or a neighbor’s yard. If you frequently walk your resident dog in a nearby park, she may view that area as her territory, too, so choose a less familiar site. If you are adopting your dog from an animal shelter, you might even bring your resident dog to the local shelter and introduce the two there (some shelters may even require that a new dog meets the resident dog before the adoption is complete).

Use positive reinforcement

From the first meeting, help both dogs experience “good things” when they’re in each other’s presence. Let them sniff each other briefly, which is normal canine greeting behavior. As they do, talk to them in a happy, friendly tone of voice; never use a threatening tone. (Don’t allow them to investigate and sniff each other for too long, however, as this may escalate to an aggressive response.)

After a short time, get the attention of both dogs and give each a treat in return for obeying a simple command, such as “sit” or “stay.” Take the dogs for a walk and let them sniff and investigate each other at intervals. Continue with the “happy talk,” food rewards, and simple commands.

Be aware of body postures

One body posture that indicates things are going well is a “play-bow.” One dog will crouch with her front legs on the ground and her hind end in the air. This is an invitation to play, and a posture that usually elicits friendly behavior from the other dog. Watch carefully for body postures that indicate an aggressive response, including hair standing up on one dog’s back, teeth-baring, deep growls, a stiff-legged gait, or a prolonged stare. If you see such postures, interrupt the interaction immediately by calmly getting each dog interested in something else.

For example, both handlers can call their dogs to them, have them sit or lie down, and reward each with a treat. The dogs’ interest in the treats should prevent the situation from escalating into aggression. Try letting the dogs interact again, but this time for a shorter time period and/or at a greater distance from each other.

Taking the dogs home

When the dogs seem to be tolerating each other’s presence without fearful or aggressive responses, and the investigative greeting behaviors have tapered off, you can take them home. Whether you choose to take them in the same vehicle will depend on their size, how well they ride in the car, how trouble-free the initial introduction has been, and how many dogs are involved.

It is important to support the dominant dog in your household, even if that turns out to be the newcomer. This may mean, for example, allowing the dominant dog to claim a special toy or favored sleeping spot as his own. Trying to impose your preference for which dog should be dominant can confuse the dogs and create further problems.

Introducing puppies to adult dogs

Puppies usually pester adult dogs unmercifully. Before the age of four months, puppies may not recognize subtle body postures from adult dogs signaling that they’ve had enough. Well-socialized adult dogs with good temperaments may set limits with puppies with a warning growl or snarl. These behaviors are normal and should be allowed.

When to get help

If the introductions don’t go smoothly, contact a professional animal behaviorist immediately. Dogs can be severely injured in fights, and the longer the problem continues, the harder it can be to resolve. Punishment won’t work, and could make things worse. Fortunately, most conflicts between dogs in the same family can be resolved with professional guidance.


Home AdsMisc How to prevent heat-related illness (HRI)

How to prevent heat-related illness (HRI)

by Karen Knapstein

In all likelihood, you’ve probably experienced some form of heat-related illness or injury (HRI). As the temperatures climb, so do the risks for experiencing HRI. Those risks are multiplied for construction professionals.

Heat stress is heat-related illness caused by the body’s inability to effectively cool down. The body normally cools itself by sweating: as sweat dries, it has a cooling effect.

While OSHA doesn’t have a specific standard that covers working in hot environments, employers obviously want to protect their workers from heat-related hazards. Understanding heat-related health hazards will aid in employers in preventing HRI.

Factors contributing to HRI

Under some conditions, sweating just isn’t enough. When humidity is high, sweat doesn’t evaporate as quickly so the body can’t relieve itself of heat quickly enough and the body’s core temperature rises.

When a person’s body temperature rises rapidly, very high body temperatures may damage the brain or other vital organs.

OSHA reports that workers new to outdoor jobs are generally most at risk for heat-related illnesses. “For example, Cal/OSHA investigated 25 incidents of heat-related illness in 2005. In almost half of the cases, the worker involved was on their first day of work and in 80 percent of the cases the worker involved had only been on the job for four or fewer days,” the OSHA guide says. Employers need to know that these individuals may be at high risk for heat-related illness, even when the heat index is low (less than 91°F).

Additional factors that increase workers’ risk of heat-related illness and injury include, but are not limited to, improper clothing, drug and alcohol use, age, weight, and some medical conditions, such as hypertension. Also, prior heat injury predisposes an individual to additional injury.

Environmental factors include more than the ambient air temperature. Radiant heat, lack of air movement, conduction, and relative humidity all affect an individual’s response to heat.

Degrees of HRI

There are three degrees of heat disorders. The most serious is heat stroke, which occurs when the body’s temperature regulation fails and body temperature rises to critical levels. Heat stroke is a medical emergency that may result in death. The primary signs and symptoms are confusion; irrational behavior; loss of consciousness; convulsions; a lack of sweating; hot, dry skin; and an abnormally high body temperature (greater than 104°F). If a worker shows signs of possible heat stroke, professional medical treatment should be obtained immediately.

Heat exhaustion is the next most serious heat-related health problem. The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion are headache, nausea, dizziness, weakness, irritability, confusion, thirst, heavy sweating and a body temperature greater than 100.4°F. According to OSHA guidelines, once this degree is reached, “Workers with heat exhaustion should be removed from the hot area and given liquids to drink.”

Before workers experience two more serious degrees of HRI, they often have heat cramps. Heat cramps are muscle pains usually caused by the loss of body salts and fluid during sweating. Workers with heat cramps should replace fluid loss by drinking water and/or carbohydrate-electrolyte replacement liquids (such as sports drinks) every 15 to 20 minutes.

Avoiding HRI

The best step, of course, is to avoid problems with heat-related injuries and illness.

OSHA launched a campaign in 2011 to help employers do just that. Their safety message contained three key words: Water. Rest. Shade.

“Under OSHA law, employers are responsible for providing workplaces free of known safety hazards. This includes protecting workers from extreme heat. An employer with workers exposed to high temperatures should establish a complete heat illness prevention program,” OSHA directs. They offer the following advice:

• Provide workers with water, rest and shade.

• Plan for emergencies and train workers on prevention.

• Monitor workers for signs of illness.

For resources, visit OSHA at: www.osha.gov/heat. OSHA’s Occupational Exposure to Heat “page” explains what employers can do to keep workers safe and what workers need to know, including factors for heat illness, adapting to working in indoor and outdoor heat, protecting workers, recognizing symptoms and first aid training. The page also includes resources for specific industries and OSHA workplace standards. Look for heat illness educational and training materials on the “Publications” page.

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Temporary Lactose Intolerance

Stomach pain, cramps, gas, bloating and diarrhea that occurs after you have eaten dairy products might indicate that you have lactose intolerance. Simply put: Your body is not able to digest milk, cheese, yogurt and other dairy foods. People who have a permanent form of lactose intolerance do not make lactase, an enzyme that breaks down dairy products during digestion. You also can suffer from a temporary form of the condition, also referred to as secondary lactose intolerance. The causes vary, but the outcome is usually the same; your discomfort passes over time.

Gastrointestinal Disruption

Temporary lactose intolerance can be the result of several gastrointestinal disruptions that might occur at certain times during your life. Viruses, such as the stomach flu, can temporarily shut off the lactase enzyme, interrupting your normal digestion of dairy products. If you suffer from other food intolerances or allergies, such as to wheat or gluten, your digestive tract might be more susceptible to irritation and injury, and your intestines could stop producing lactase for a period. People who have chronic medical conditions affecting the digestive tract, such as Crohn's disease or cystic fibrosis, also could become either temporarily or permanently lactose intolerant.

Can Milk Cause Diarrhea?

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Medications also might cause secondary lactose intolerance. Antibiotics can be especially rough on your stomach and digestion -- in small children, antibiotics often lead to diarrhea even as they heal infection -- and could be the reason that you can't digest dairy. Once you have finished your course of antibiotics and lactase production kicks back in, your lactose intolerance likely will dissipate.

Premature Birth

Premature babies, those born before the 37th to 40th weeks of pregnancy, might have a variety of problems. Some premature infants have trouble breathing, because their lungs are not yet mature, while others still have a thick layer of hair protecting their skin. Babies born significantly earlier than their due dates also might have temporary lactose intolerance, because their intestines are not yet making lactase. If you are breastfeeding, you may have to avoid dairy products for the sake of your baby's comfort, and if you are bottle feeding you may need to use a lactose-free formula. As the premature infant passes his due date, however, he may begin to produce lactase and outgrow the intolerance.

Alopecia & Lactose

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The solution to temporary lactose intolerance is to adopt the lifestyle you would follow if you were permanently affected by the condition. Taking over-the-counter digestive enzymes before consuming milk and other dairy products provides the lactase you need to digest such foods comfortably. Infants who cannot tolerate breast milk or regular infant formulas might be fed soy formulas or other alternatives. Keeping a food diary to determine which foods cause the most symptoms can help you determine which foods to reduce from your diet, and might help you recognize when your lactose intolerance has resolved itself.


How many teams are there in F1?

Question: How many teams are competing in the 2013 F1 season?

Answer: For the 2013 season, the Formula One grid will see a total of 11 teams taking part.

This follows the withdrawal of the Spanish HRT racing team at the end of last season.

Despite the amount of  teams in Formula One now being reduced from 12 to 11, the F1 president Bernie Ecclestone still says there are too many.

Speaking to Reuters, the F1 supremo stated he would rather have just 10 teams in the sport as that would make things easier to manage.

Other than HRT leaving the sport though, the F1 team list for 2013 remains unchanged from the previous season.