FAQs about NYHTC Hypnosis and NLP Training

Q: What will my certification enable me to do?

A: After you have successfully completed your training, you have earned your status as an NYHTC/NGH Certified Consulting Hypnotist/Hypnotherapist and/or NLP practitioner. You are entitled to earn your living, if you wish, in these fields, in accordance with the laws in the state where you reside and practice.

Q: What kind of organization is the National Guild of Hypnotists?

A: The National Guild of Hypnotists (NGH), with over 12,000 members worldwide, is the largest and most prestigious worldwide hypnosis certifying organization. It offers regular educational conferences in Marlborough, Massachusetts and Las Vegas, Nevada with well over 1500 participants attending annually.

Additionally, the Guild is highly supportive, having a lending library of videos and audio recordings, referrals, legislative support, regular local meetings, and much more.

Q: Why should I choose to train with NYHTC?

A: Many reasons, including the curriculum which is State approved and is based on time-honored techniques in hypnotism and Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP).

When you complete the program, you’ll have the tools you need to work begin your work as a hypnotherapist.  You will also have the opportunity to gain more expertise by attending advanced classes offered throughout the year.

NYHTC classes are held at the Holbrook Wellness Center and provide you with a model of a professional, aesthetically pleasing and successful environment in which to learn as well as to fashion your own office after if you choose.

NYHTC graduates receive continuing support and advice from their instructor via e-mail, webinar and telephone to help them promote and advance their careers.

You will receive training in marketing as well as the legal and ethical aspects of practicing hypnosis or NLP in your State.

Q: Do I need a license to practice hypnosis or NLP?

A: Hypnotism and NLP are not licensed professions in most states. Please check the requirements in your state. You do not need a license to practice hypnosis or NLP in NY.

Q: What are the annual re-certification requirements?

A: All CEU’s for the NGH are calculated hour for hour (1 hour = 1 CEU) You need 15 CEU’s per year. The NGH provides opportunities to earn your CEUs at no cost.

Q: What kind of exam must I pass?

A: There is an open book exam at the conclusion of Level I. Class participation will also be evaluated and critiqued. After one year of practice, you are entitled to take the NGH Board exam which will entitle you to “Board Certified” status. The NLP courses each have an open book exam at the conclusion of each course.

Q: How long does it take to get certified?

A: Your hypnosis certification training requires 75 hours of face to face “classroom” instruction and supervised practice and we expect you to accomplish 25 hours of practice homework assignments. Each of the two levels of NLP training requires 32 hours of face to face “classroom instruction”.

Q: Are the courses tax deductible?

A: Treasury Regulation 1.1625 permits an income tax deduction for educational expenses – including registration fee, tuition, travel, meals, lodging – for courses taken to improve or maintain skills required in employment or business.


physical fitness

You might move your body every day, but have you been neglecting your emotional muscles? Emotional fitness is often confused with mental health, but they aren’t quite the same thing.

ur mental health is measured by our ability to process information, while our emotional fitness is measured by our ability to express the feelings that are related to that processed information.

Emotional fitness is all about cultivating the inner strength that prevents anything from throwing us off course. When we’re emotionally fit, we’re able to live in alignment with our truth and higher purpose.

Working on our emotional fitness increases our emotional intelligence (EQ), which is often considered to be more important or our overall health and happiness than our cognitive intelligence, also known as our IQ.

Emotional fitness is proving to be a major key to success and fulfilment in every aspect of our lives, but it’s not something we’re born with. It’s something we have to consciously continue to develop throughout the ups and downs of our lives.

The fitness world that was once so focused on the physical aspects of our wellbeing is starting to change.

We’re now looking at ways to honour the mind-body connection and focus on our health in a more holistic way. Here are 6 ways to combine your physical and emotional fitness.

Do breathwork at the end of your workout

With roots in ancient Eastern practices, breathwork is an umbrella term for a range of breathing techniques and exercises where the breathing pattern is intentionally changed to immediately improve your wellbeing. The three most popular types of breathwork are pranayama, holotropic, and rebirthing.

On a physical level, breathing is a vital part of life; it helps deliver oxygen to your bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide.

However, breathwork not only energises and reverses the physical stress response in the body, but it also calms any emotional turbulence in the mind.

Adding a short breathwork session to the end of your workout will cultivate self-awareness and inner peace, along with optimising your body for post-workout repair and recovery.

Whichever technique you choose, be aware of your thoughts without being attached to them. Simply feel which emotions come up and notice your inner voice.

Set positive intentions before you start

It’s time to stop thinking of exercise as a way to correct a 'mistake’. For example, have you ever dragged yourself to the gym because you ate a few donuts or overindulged on the weekend?

setting positive intentions

Feeling positive and excited about what you’re doing is just as important as the results; so when it comes to having a great workout, there needs to be an element of enjoyment. Punishing ourselves through exercise will only harm our emotional fitness.

One of the most effective and immediate ways to trigger this critical mindset shift is to focus on intentions rather than your goals. Goals can help you create and stick to a training plan, but they won’t necessarily help you train well today.

On the other hand, setting a positive intention at the beginning of a workout brings your awareness to the present moment, rather than a desired longer-term result - and staying present is essential for emotional fitness.

Setting specific goals around your body-shape is not the most productive strategy

Shake up your goals

On the subject of fitness goals, it’s important to remember that setting specific goals around your body-shape is not the most productive strategy, as these goals aren’t actions you can physically take.

It’s more productive for both your physical and emotional fitness to think of any visible, physical changes you’d like to see in your body as the byproduct of achieving your performance-based goals.

This type of goal is more objective and more measurable than a physique-based goal, and you’ll notice your progress relatively quickly.

For example, instead of setting a goal to tone your arms and back, you could set a goal to be able to do 3 sets of 3 unassisted pull-ups by the end of the year. Toned arms and a strong back will be the visible, physical byproduct of this performance-based goal.

Integrate mindfulness practices

We know that being more active reduces stress and anxiety, but did you know being more mindful amplifies this effect? Using distractions like music (or your own internal dialogue) to get through your workouts is a missed opportunity to improve your emotional fitness.

Experiencing the present moment during exercise is great for our emotional fitness, and this doesn’t have to be exclusive to yoga.

No workout should not be an out-of-body experience; so next time you’re at the gym, try meditatively focusing on your glutes! Putting your 'mind in the muscle’ not only helps to cultivate mindfulness, but it also ensures you’re engaging the right muscle groups to get the most out of each exercise.

Having a regular walking buddy means you have someone there to motivate and support you

Walk and talk with a friend

Having a regular walking buddy means you have someone there to motivate and support you, as well as hold you accountable. However, you might have also noticed how much easier it is express yourself with flow and clarity when you’re walking and talking.

gym buddies

The motivation, accountability and emotional benefits of walking catch-ups cannot be understated!

Tailor training to your mood and energy levels

Our mood and energy levels are primarily dictated by our hormones. In fact, hormones control our mind and body more than we realise, so it’s a good idea to get more in touch with them!

For female-bodied people, knowing where you are in your cycle should influence how you exercise. On top of this, different styles of movement can also impact our mood in different ways.

Lack of awareness around what’s going on in our bodies means we’ll just put low energy and no motivation down to 'having a bad day.’ Having you ever felt guilty about this?

Instead of beating yourself up for not be able to give everything you’ve got in a workout, recognise when you’re in a stage of your cycle where you need to slow down a little to give your body what it needs. Our bodies are always trying to tell us something, and listening to this is the best thing we can do for ourselves.

Combining your physical and emotional fitness honours the mind-body connection to help you think more clearly, communicate better, feel less stress and overwhelmed, and stick with your goals and commitments. Next time you train your body, see if you can  start flexing your emotional muscles too!

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Validation of high performance liquid chromatography method for ... ?· and zeta-potential values were…

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  • *Correspondence: C.Luchese. Centro de Cincias Qumicas, Farmacuticas e de Alimentos. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Campus Capo do Leo, 96010-900 - Pelotas - RS, Brazil. E-mail:

    icleBrazilian Journal of

    Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol. 51, n. 4, oct./dec., 2015

    Validation of high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of meloxicam loaded PEGylated nanocapsules

    Francine Rodrigues Ianiski1, Luciane Varini Laporta2, Alexandre Machado Rubim2, Cristiane Luchese3,*

    1Graduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University Center, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 2Laboratory of Control of Drug Quality, Franciscan University Center, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 3Center for Chemical Sciences, Pharmaceutical and Food,

    Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil

    A method to ensure that an analytical method will produce reliable and interpretable information about the sample must first be validated, making sure that the results can be trusted and traced. In this study, we propose to validate an analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitation of meloxicam loaded PEGylated nanocapsules(M-PEGNC). We performed a validation study, evaluated parameters including specificity, linearity, quantification limit, detection limit, accuracy, precision and robustness. PEGylated nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer, and the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH value and encapsulation efficiency were characterized. The proposed HPLC method provides selective, linear results in the range of 1.0-40.0 g/mL; quantification and detection limits were 1.78 g/mL and 0.59 g/mL, respectively; relative standard deviation for repeatability was 1.35% and intermediate precision was 0.41% and 0.61% for analyst 1 and analyst 2, respectively; accuracy between 99.23 and 101.79%; robustness between 97.13 and 98.45% for the quantification of M-PEGNC. Mean particle diameters were 261 13 nm and 249 20 nm, polydispersity index was 0.15 0.07 and 0.17 0.06, pH values were 5.0 0.2 and 5.2 0.1, and zeta-potential values were -37.9 3.2 mV e -31.8 2.8 mV for M-PEGNC and placebo(B-PEGNC), respectively. In conclusion, the proposed analytical method is suitable for the quality control of M-PEGNC. Moreover, suspensions showed monomodal size distributions and low polydispersity index indicating high homogeneity of formulations with narrow size distributions, and appropriate pH and zeta potential. The extraction process was efficient for release of meloxicam from nanostructured systems.

    Uniterms: High performance liquid chromatography/quantitative analysis. Meloxicam/determination. PEGylated nanocapsules/quality control. Nanoparticles. Poly(ethylene glycol).

    Para se assegurar que um mtodo analtico produzir informao confivel e interpretvel sobre a amostra este deve ser inicialmente validado, tornando claro que os resultados podem ser confiados e rastreados. Neste estudo, propomos validar um mtodo de cromatografia lquida de alta eficincia (CLAE) para a quantificao do meloxicam encapsulado em nanocpsulas PEGuiladas (M-PEGNC). Efetuamos a validao, avaliando parmetros de especificidade, linearidade, limite de quantificao, limite de deteco, exatido, preciso e robustez. As nanocpsulas PEGuiladas foram preparadas por deposio interfacial do polmero pr-formado e caracterizaram-se o tamanho da partcula, ndice de polidisperso, potencial zeta, pH e eficincia de encapsulao. O mtodo de CLAE proposto fornece resultados seletivos e lineares na faixa de 1,0-40,0 mg/mL; limites de quantificao e deteco de 1,78 mg/mL e 0,59 mg/mL, respectivamente; desvio padro relativo para a repetibilidade de 1,35% e preciso intermediria de 0,41% e 0,61% para o analista 1 e analista 2, respectivamente; exatido entre 99,23 e 101,79%; robustez entre 97,13 e 98,45% para a quantificao de M-PEGNC. Os dimetros mdios das partculas foram 261 13 nm e 249 20 nm; ndice de polidisperso de 0,15 0,07 e 0,17 0,06, valores de pH de 5,0 0,2 e 5,2 0,1 e valores do potencial zeta de -37,9 3,2 mV e -31,8 2,8 mV para o M-PEGNC e o placebo(B-PEGNC), respectivamente. Concluindo, o mtodo analtico proposto adequado para o controle de qualidade do M-PEGNC. Alm disso, suspenses mostraram distribuio

  • F. R. Ianiski, L. V. Laporta, A. M. Rubim, C. Luchese824

    de tamanho monomodal e baixo ndice de polidisperso, indicando alta homogeneidade das formulaes com distribuio estreita de tamanho, pH e potencial zeta apropriados. O processo de extrao foi eficiente para a liberao do meloxicam dos sistemas nanoestruturados.

    Unitermos: Cromatografia lquida de alta eficincia/anlise quantitativa. Meloxicam/determinao. Nanocpsulas PEGuiladas/controle de qualidade. Nanopartculas. Poli(etileno glicol).

    B i o d e g r a d a b l e p o l y m e r s , s u c h a s p o l y (-caprolactone) (PCL) and their copolymers diblocked or multiblocked with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), have been commonly used to form polymeric nanoparticles and to encapsulate a variety of therapeutic compounds (Chan et al., 2010; Plapied et al., 2011). Nanoparticles feature dimensions from one to hundreds of nanometers, and remarkable applications in biomedicine due to the unique way in which they interact with matter (Wagner et al., 2006; Kim, Rutka, Chan, 2010). However, several challenges hamper the use of nanoparticles in clinical practice, such as their uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (Knop et al., 2006). The addition of PEG to the surface of nanoparticles (PEGylation) can reduce many of these challenges. Furthermore, PEG is one of few polymers approved for internal use in humans by the FDA, which is an important consideration in developing new pharmaceutical formulations (USP-NF, 2013).

    PEGylated nanoparticles increase the potential for drug delivery and targeting system, besides crossing the blood-brain barrier interacting with microvascular transport proteins. Also, PEG chains can create a barrier layer with the finality of camouflage the phagocytic cells, thus prolonging the circulation period in the blood (Owens III, Peppas, 2006; Grover, Hirani, Sutariya, 2013; Rabanel, Hildgen, Banquy, 2014). Moreover, PEG provides a system with adequate stability in physiological media, which is useful to target tumoral and inflamed regions (Beduneau et al., 2007; Diaz-Lopez et al., 2010; Hervella et al., 2014). Accordingly, the nanoencapsulation of anti-inflammatory drugs is very promising for use as adjuvant treatment of various diseases. In this context, meloxicam [4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide] is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic effects that preferentially inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (Megan, 2006).

    However, nanoencapsulation requires considerable quality control. The choice of an appropriate analytical methodology is crucial for efficient quality control of an active substance, as such, or in a certain pharmaceutical

    form (Ermer, 2001). In order to ensure that an analytical method will generate reliable and interpretable information about a sample, this method must first be validated, ensuring the reliability and traceability of results (Ribani et al., 2004). In fact, according to Brazilian legislation, an analytical methodology for analysis of a drug or pharmaceutical form should be validated when it is not described in pharmacopeias or official forms recognized by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA, 2003). No previous data in the literature demonstrated the development and validation of a quantitative bioanalytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantification of meloxicam-loaded PEGylated nanocapsules(M-PEGNC).

    Moreover, experimental studies should ensure that the method meets the requirements of analytical applications, demonstrating the reliability of the results (ANVISA, 2003). The characterization of nanostructured materials is carried out by different methods. These methods are essential to determine the drug content incorporated into them. Some methods for the quantification of meloxicam in pharmaceutical forms by HPLC method are described in the literature (Zhang, Choi, 2008; Bandarkar, Vavia, 2009; Sahoo et al., 2014). However, there is no specific methodology for nanostructured systems containing meloxicam. Therefore, in this study, we revalidate the analytical HPLC method for quantitation of M-PEGNC prepared according to the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer. This method was validated according to the official guidelines (ANVISA, 2003; ICH, 2005).

    Reagents and chemicals

    Meloxicam (Henrifarma - Brazil). Caprylic/capric triglyceride and polysorbate 80 (Delaware - Brazil). Span 60 (sorbitan monostearate) (Sigma Aldrich - USA). Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) (Galena Brazil). Poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) (70000) (Sigma-Aldrich - USA). HPLC-grade methanol (Sigma-Aldrich - Venezuela). Milli-Q Water (Millipore

  • Validation of high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of meloxicam loaded PEGylated nanocapsules 825

    Corporation). All other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical or pharmaceutical grade. All reagents were used as received.

    Preparation of loaded PEGylated nanocapsules

    M-PEGNC were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer according to Fessi et al. (1989). Meloxicam was dissolved in acetone with the polymer (PCL), the oil (caprylic/capric triglyceride) and sorbitan monostearate at 40 C. This organic phase was poured into an aqueous phase composed of polysorbate 80 and PEG under stirring, leading to the immediate formation of a milky dispersion. Lastly,


Supporting Safe Migration

Whether due to human trafficking or people smuggling, vulnerability during migration finds its roots in the inability to access formal migration channels, a lack of local opportunities for education or work, displacement due to conflict, or sudden shifts in the political or economic climate that force relocation. These factors are only compounded by debt, unemployment, poverty, food insecurity, and a lack of education or awareness about potential risk factors.

In cooperation with our grantees who work directly with these issues, WE Trust aims to protect the human rights of vulnerable individuals and groups in transition by seeking solutions to issues at various stages in their journey.

Our goal of safe migration for all is hindered by such a wide spectrum of problems and dangers that most of our grantees choose to narrow their focus to working on one or two of these at a time. We rely on the experience and knowledge of our grantees in addressing the many different faces of this complex issue.


With loads of tasks on your to-do list, sometimes it’s frustrating if you missed one or two. Late response on an email of a potential client, misspelled caption on marketing material, missed an appointment — all these mundane things when combined can lead to burnout and disappointment. You can not just compromise your business condition because of small mistakes. And that’s when you need a Virtual Assistant to outsource in the Philippines.

A Virtual Assistant is a person who offers various assistance services in a remote location. He/she usually do social media management, calendar, email and appointment management, report creation, and other tasks assigned. Think of having a secretary but instead of having him/her physically present, he/she only talks to you online.

virtual assistant philippines

But with several qualified candidates, especially in the Philippines, what should you be looking for? What are the essential qualities and skills you must consider?

1. Integrity

Honesty and trust are the foundation of integrity. Any businessmen would want someone who will not trick them and worthy of their trust. There will be a lot of transactions, appointments, and activities with other stakeholders and most of these are confidential and crucial for the company’s economic health. Also, if the Virtual Assistant says he will finish it at a particular time, he/she must be able to live up to that word.

2. Reliable

Of course, that is why you hired a Virtual Assistant because you need someone you can rely on. He/she must be competent and professional enough to handle every task you give.  The last thing you want is to repeat or re-do tasks that you already hand down. Virtual Assistant is supposed to make your corporate life easier. There must be minimal to none supervision or even follow-up when you already gave detailed directions.

The Philippines has been known to be globally competitive when it comes to outsourcing because of an excellent set of skills, that is why the Philippines is one of the top choices when hiring or outsourcing virtual assistants.

3. Proactive

Virtual Assistants are not robots. They may be ‘virtual’  but there are fully functioning humans behind that monitor.

A good virtual assistant is someone who does not just accept tasks but someone who is assertive and knows how to initiate. He/she must be full of ideas. Businessmen are also human who is capable of committing mistakes, so virtual assistants must be there to call things out or suggest ideas.

4. Keen To Detail

Every detail, no matter how small, is important. You’ll never know how much impact it can cause when one detail was missed.

One example would be attention to the language used in marketing materials or campaigns. A simple error or typo could easily destroy the company’s authority and credibility.

5. Resourceful

An excellent virtual assistant knows how to source important references and other stuff. There is no “I can’t find one” in the vocabulary of a virtual assistant. He/she is not required to know everything, but the VA should have a system and a consciousness of how to make a way.

6. Excellent at Time Management

There will be times that tasks will pile up. VAs should know how and what to prioritize and manage his/her time on finishing these. VAs should know how to be efficient and effective no matter how much volume of tasks was given.

Time is gold, yes, time is money.

7. Outstanding Communication Skills

Since the only way of communication is through the Internet, VAs should still be fluent in expression. A simple miscommunication can destroy everything, so one must be careful.

Also, comm skills include excellent writing skills and English proficiency. What if there’s a task to draft a business letter? Or edit a copy? Tasks are unpredictable so he/she must be ready and equipped to handle it excellently.

8. Superb Computer and Social Media Skills

It’s obvious. Don’t ever hire a VA who is computer illiterate.

He doesn’t need to be an IT professional, but a good VA must master the basics of computer and social media platforms. He/she will surely deal with a lot of this.

There are no perfect Virtual Assistants but they should know how to accept mistakes and criticisms and be open to it. There are excellent ones and he/she must tick all the boxes beside what’s written above.


How to Help Journalists Go Global: IJNet Experience

This story was first published by HackPack, an IJNet partner.

Climate change, immigration and refugee crises, trade wars, the FIFA World Cup — it doesn’t take long to fill a paper with story topics that demand cross-border collaborations.

The world has quickly evolved, but how do you professionally keep pace with it?

We’re covering a few key organizations and tools that help you adapt to that global world.

Our first is IJNet.

The International Center for Journalists created this project to help journalists learn about innovations and opportunities around the world. They also encourage the spread of professional knowledge.

HackPack talked to Samantha Berkhead, who manages a team of editors and writers at IJNet, to learn more about the project and how you can best utilize it.

Main goal: Help journalists of all nationalities and experience levels improve their skills and advance their careers. We believe that journalism is for everyone, and we work to ensure that the latest journalism resources, tools and opportunities are free and accessible to those who need it most.

Top countries by unique visitors: Brazil, United States, Mexico, Spain, Egypt

Languages: IJNet publishes in seven languages — Arabic, Chinese, English, Persian, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish

Who is it for: IJNet focuses on developing journalists throughout their career, from journalists starting their career to an editor or leader in the newsroom. People always say that real learning comes through a combination of classroom study and practical, hands-on experience. The website acts as the “classroom,” and opportunities like fellowships or reporting trips are the real-world experience component.

From left to Taylor Mulcahey, overseeing oversees IJNet’s English-language content, and Samantha Berkhead, IJNet’s manager.
Taylor Mulcahey (left) and Samantha Berkhead (right) manage IJNet, a platform that provides resources for journalists.

Samantha, how specifically do you support such a large geographic area?

We’re constantly monitoring current news events and trends in each of our target regions to adjust our editorial strategy and provide the most relevant, timely resources. For example, Nicaragua saw major protests against government censorship of the media, and we covered how citizens and journalists alike used social media to circumvent this censorship.

Ahead of Cameroon’s elections in March, we published a look at how journalists in the country are working despite their government’s ban on political reporting. There are tons more examples like this. We work hard to stay on the pulse of journalism in every part of the world.

Who writes all of these stories? Do you accept pitches from journalists?

We’re open to pitches on a wide variety of topics. As long as a pitch falls within IJNet’s basic mission — articles that provide a practical utility to journalists or cover current media trends — we accept them. Additionally, articles that cover any of our priority regions — Latin America, the Middle East/North Africa, Russia and the former Soviet Union, Iran/Afghanistan and Sub-Saharan Africa — are more likely to be chosen. Anyone who would like to pitch an article to us can click here and fill out the form.

What have you found to be most useful for each media market?

In countries like Iran and China, where the environment for journalists is heavily restricted, simply existing in the specific language is a major source of support. We find that journalists in restricted or closed societies are less in need of learning fancy new tech like 360° video, since they’re struggling to just do their jobs. They’re more interested in topics like basic journalism skills and digital security. Journalists in countries with more developed, open media climates are more interested in finding new ways to tell their stories, whether through mobile journalism or data journalism.

In the Middle East/North Africa region, there is a particular need for support in the area of media entrepreneurship. For that reason, IJNet started the Mentoring Center for digital media entrepreneurs in the region. Since it began in 2014, the Mentoring Center has helped 31 media entrepreneurs in the region hone their startup ideas and develop sustainable business models. Applications for this year’s round just closed, and we’re excited to guide the latest cohort of the Mentoring Center to success.

At the same time as all this, there are universal issues that are relevant to every region, like misinformation and the need for better business models for journalism, so we cover these as well.

The other way we tailor our strategy by region is through social media. While we use Facebook and Twitter for our English social media, we just use Sina Weibo for Chinese. We also created a Telegram channel this year to better reach our Russian-language audience.

Which part of IJNet receives the most traffic?

Our opportunities section is easily our most popular section. Readers especially like worldwide opportunities that are open to journalists from any country, and have some sort of cash prize or stipend. For that reason, we publish at least one worldwide opportunity every weekday, with regional/country-specific opportunities less frequently.

How do you search for grants&jobs? How do you select them?

At IJNet, we only select grants, fellowships, trainings and other opportunities that are free or low-cost for journalists. We especially seek out opportunities that provide a stipend or cover the journalists’ expenses in some way, since we’re keenly aware of the fact that journalism is a challenging career and it shouldn’t cost anything to improve your skills.

What advice would you have for journalists who are applying to a grant or fellowship?

My biggest advice is to apply to everything. Even if you feel you’re not qualified for something, you really won’t know unless you apply. You might be surprised by the outcome! IJNet has also published some articles with advice for applying to journalism grants and other opportunities. They’re essential reading before you dive into any application.

What’s new on IJNet? What plans do you have for the future?

Lots of things! We recently launched the Journalism 101 toolkit on our site. We found that our readers really wanted a permanent spot on the IJNet website where they could find evergreen tip sheets and resources on the fundamental skills of journalism: writing, editing and reporting. We created the toolkit to give them that.

This year, we’re working on forging new partnerships with media-focused organizations around the world and strengthening our existing ones with partners like HackPack.

Lastly, we’re working on redesigning our website. The new site will be more streamlined, user-friendly and aesthetically pleasing. It should go live toward the end of the year.

What do you consider your most impressive achievements so far?

It’s hard to name just one thing! I would say that I’m especially in awe of the community we’ve helped create among our followers in places like the IJNet Forum on Facebook. IJNet isn’t just a static place on the internet that people visit every once in a while. It’s a connective tissue that brings journalists from all across the globe a little closer together. When journalists have a place where they can get support from one another, they become more empowered. It sounds cliché, but we’re stronger together.

From left to right: Taylor Mulcahey and Samantha Berkhead during a typical day at IJNet.
The IJNet team answered questions on how the platform is a resource for journalists to connect, learn and grow.

HackPack is the on-demand marketplace and freelancer management tool that helps publishers find, pay and manage a community of over 12,000 journalists in 160 countries, so they can tell the stories that matter.

Latest News

ICFJ Knight Fellows Offer Key Tips for Journalists in 2020

Are you ready for a new year — and a new decade? As we enter 2020, the news industry will undoubtedly continue to experience change. How will you navigate what lies ahead?

We turned to current and former ICFJ Knight Fellows to ask their advice for the coming year.


By Katie D. Bell

In The Pension Committee of the University of Montreal Pension Plan, et al. v. Banc of America Securities LLC, et al., 685 F.Supp.2d 456 (S.D.N.Y. 2010), Judge Scheindlin—author of the renowned Zubulake decisions—further develops the boundaries of discovery duties in a lengthy opinion. Although the opinion does not require parties to meet a standard of perfection during discovery, the opinion serves as an important guide that offers concrete rules and potentially burdensome standards that attorneys should heed to avoid sanction.

Writing systematically, Scheindlin initially frames the fundamental concepts underlying the nature and scope of a party’s duty to preserve, collect, review, and produce requested records during discovery:

The first [critical issue] is plaintiffs’ level of culpability-that is, was their conduct of discovery acceptable or was it negligent, grossly negligent, or willful. The second is the interplay between the duty to preserve evidence and the spoliation of evidence. The third is which party should bear the burden of proving that evidence has been lost or destroyed and the consequences resulting from that loss. And the fourth is the appropriate remedy for the harm caused by the spoliation. (1)

Following this analytical framework, Scheindlin first explores the meaning of negligence, gross negligence, and willfulness in the discovery context. Beginning with the first step of discovery, Scheindlin characterizes a failure to preserve relevant evidence as “surely negligent” and “may be grossly negligent or willful.” (2)  Similarly, sloppy collection and review during the next steps of the discovery process also constitute negligence, and possibly gross negligence or willfulness. For example, Scheindlin indicates that the failure to collect records from “key players” is grossly negligent or willful—just like destroying email or backup tapes after the duty to preserve has attached. (3)

Further, Scheindlin suggests that failing to collect relevant records from all employees involved in anticipated litigation is mere negligence. Likewise, a failure to take “all appropriate measures to preserve [electronically stored information]” is negligent. (4)  The court also held that the “failure to issue a written litigation hold constitutes gross negligence because that failure is likely to result in the destruction of relevant information.” (5)  Indeed, this failure may be enough to warrant an adverse inference by itself. (6)

Second, Scheindlin discusses the relationship between the duty to preserve and spoliation. Noting the court’s “inherent power” to protect the “integrity of the judicial process,” the judge warns parties and their attorneys of the possibility of imposing sanctions for breaches of the duty to preserve evidence after litigation has become reasonably foreseeable. (7)  Particularly, Scheindlin suggests that a plaintiff’s duty to preserve is triggered before litigation begins because plaintiffs generally “control the timing of litigation” and therefore reasonably anticipate its commencement. (8)

Next, Scheindlin’s opinion examines burdens of proof for determining what should be done when relevant documents are no longer available as a result of spoliation. Specifically, who should bear the burden of establishing the relevance of the lost evidence, as well as the prejudice the loss has caused? As Judge Scheindlin explains, the degree of the burden of proof is dependent upon the severity of the sanction:

For less severe sanctions-such as fines and cost-shifting-the inquiry focuses more on the conduct of the spoliating party than on whether documents were lost, and if so, whether those documents were relevant and resulted in prejudice to the innocent party…[F]or more severe sanctions-such as dismissal, preclusion, or the imposition of an adverse inference-the court must consider, in addition to the conduct of the spoliating party, whether any missing evidence was relevant and whether the innocent party has suffered prejudice as a result of the loss of evidence. (9)

Particularly, Scheindlin suggests that it is insufficient for an innocent party to demonstrate that lost or destroyed evidence would have been merely responsive to a discovery request. Rather, the innocent party must show that the lost evidence would have been useful in proving its claims or defenses and that it is prejudiced without the evidence. Despite this discussion about proving sanctionable misconduct, Scheindlin cautions against litigation becoming a “gotcha game.” (10)

Notably, in her opinion, Scheindlin employs a burden-shifting test:

When the spoliating party’s conduct is sufficiently egregious to justify a court’s imposition of a presumption of relevance and prejudice, or when the spoliating party’s conduct warrants permitting the jury to make such a presumption, the burden then shifts to the spoliating party to rebut that presumption. (11)

Finally, Scheindlin discusses the appropriate remedies for spoliation, implementing the Second Circuit’s three-part test. First, appropriate sanctions should deter the parties from engaging in spoliation. Second, they should shift the risk of an error in judgment to the party who wrongfully created the risk. Third, they should restore the innocent party to the same position it would have enjoyed absent the prejudicial destruction or loss of evidence by the spoliating party. Additionally, the judge recognizes that a court should impose the least harsh sanction that can provide an adequate remedy. Thus, sanctions that terminate the action—like dismissal—are only appropriate when a party has engaged in egregious behavior, like perjury, evidence tampering, or intentional destruction of evidence by burning, shredding, or hard drive wiping. Because the plaintiffs in this case only engaged in negligent behavior, draconian sanctions were not necessary.

Throughout the opinion, Judge Scheindlin additionally offers useful tips and examples regarding specific discovery issues. For instance, the failure to preserve documents in the possession, custody, or control of former employees supports a determination of gross negligence. Furthermore, the opinion provides guidance on the issue of the preservation of backup tapes. Scheindlin dismisses the existence of a duty to preserve backup tapes, unless, of course, the tapes are the only source of relevant information.

Entitled “‘Zubulake’ Revisited: Six Years Later,” the Pension Committee decision will assuredly serve as an often-used guide to assist attorneys in wrestling with the duties and challenges of discovery—especially in the quickly and constantly evolving domain of electronic discovery.

(1) Pension Committee, 685 F.Supp.2d at 463.
(2) Id. at 464.
(3) Id. at 465.
(4) Id.
(5)  Id. at 464–465.
(6) But see Surowiec v. Capital Title Agency, Inc., 2011 WL 1671925, at *7 (D.Ariz. 2011)(disagreeing with Pension Committee, holding that “[p]er se rules are too inflexible for this factually complex area of the law where a wide variety of circumstances may lead to spoliation accusations”). See also Rimkus Consulting Group, Inc. v. Cammarata, 688 F.Supp.2d 598, 616–17 (S.D.Tex.2010)(refusing to follow Pension Committee’s approach of presuming relevance and prejudice when the spoliating party is grossly negligent); Steuben Foods, Inc. v. Country Gourmet Foods, LLC, 2011 WL 1549450, at *5 (W.D.N.Y. 2011)(holding that the failure to issue a written litigation hold is not a per se ground to presume or infer loss of relevant documents).
(7) Pension Committee, 685 F.Supp.2d at 466.
(8) Id.
(9) Id. at 467.
(10) Id. at 468.
(11)  Id. at 468–469.


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The Transformasi Nasional 2050 initiative aims to sharpen Malaysia’s global competitive edge in economic development, citizen wellbeing and innovation. FILE PIC

In a famous quote, former prime minister Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi proclaimed that “we do not want a situation in Malaysia where we have a first-class facility or infrastructure, but a third-class mentality”.

Undoubtedly, the economic and infrastructure feats that Malaysia has enjoyed since the early 1990s would amount to nothing without an equally capable human capital to steer them.

Previous definitions of “human capital” primarily look at it in terms of economic worth and the potential yields to be gained from investing in such a “capital”.

The latest developments in human capital research, however, adopt a more holistic and inclusive understanding of the concept that looks beyond humans as an economic aggregate, but considers a broad spectrum of variables, such as subjective wellbeing, happiness, intellect, spirituality and dignity.

The challenge remains as to what model is best suited for Malaysians. In varying degrees, Malaysia has experimented with several nationwide campaigns related to human-capital building.

Among them is the Wawasan 2020 (1991-2020) campaign launched by former prime minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad that envisions Malaysia to be a self-sufficient industrialised nation by 2020, empowered by a balanced, modern and competent society, but deeply rooted in local values.

The Islam Hadhari (2004) campaign spearheaded by Abdullah emphasised the role of Islamic thought in deriving theories of good governance and integrity across all levels of society.

Under the current premiership of Datuk Seri Najib Razak, there are two ongoing programmes.

First, is the 1Malaysia (2010-ongoing) programme that promotes working together beyond identity markers towards a shared vision of harmony, unity, and government efficiency.

The second is the TN50 (Transformasi Nasional 2050) initiative, which picks up from the Wawasan 2020 dateline, and looks 30 years beyond with an aim to sharpen Malaysia’s global competitive edge in economic development, citizen wellbeing and innovation.

Collectively, these campaigns have captured key elements that define the Malaysian reality. These include, as many researchers have shown, a strong sense of socio-cultural identity, the indispensable role of religion, and the natural proclivity towards economic prosperity.

Any models of human capital development that fail to appeal to these local dimensions would risk being incompatible, or worse, destructive to Malaysians.

This was pointed out by sociologist Professor Rahman Embong in his inaugural speech on July 20 as the principal fellow of the Malaysian Institute of Integrity.

Rahman emphasised the pressing need for any national model of integrity to be locally tailored, organic and homegrown based on Malaysian ideals and realities.

Simply transplanting foreign models that may have different values and moral references may unlikely be as effective as they were in their original socio-cultural terrains.

He reviewed several models. The Greek Temple model by Jeremy Pope, for instance, visualises the western ideals of integrity by having pillars representing societal institutions, which in turn, support the roof represented by “the rule of law”, sustainable development and quality of life.

This model, however, does not offer much flexibility and turns a blind eye to the role of religion and its values are grounded in western renaissance experience and history of organised religious institutions.

Another example is the Bird’s Nest model, which is built upon “materials” or “twigs” gathered from its surroundings. The model provides an illustrative metaphor on the importance of local resources, as well as the need to organise institutions in an integrative manner.

This updated model proposed by Charles Sampford provides flexibility and adaptability for societies to build their human capital.

Rahman eventually came out with his own model for Malaysia, named Sea Turtle Model.

The sea turtle is an excellent metaphor because of several reasons: sea turtles are native to the nusantara of which Malaysia is a part of; they have a strong sense of direction throughout their inter-continental journeys; they are often associated with virtues such as perseverance, modesty and longevity; and their struggle against the increasing threat of human avarice and destructive practices perfectly sums up the goals of integrity.

In this model, the shell represents the core values that need protection: the civil society, the family institution, and the community.

The executive powers are the head, politics and economy are the front-driving flaps, and religion and socio-culture are the guiding hind flaps.

In short, while models of human capital are bound to evolve and improve, what should remain as a constant principle is the recognition of local values and realities.

This will ensure not only the feasibility of the model, but also its effectiveness.

[email protected]

The writer is an analyst at
International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies Malaysia

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Ghost Recon: Breakpoint Review

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Frequently Asked Questions

Many lawyers only want to handle catastrophic injury cases. Others do not want to invest their time or money on less serious cases. Sinel Law believes everyone has the right to recover fair compensation for their injuries, pain and suffering. If you have suffered any injury due to someone's negligence, call Sinel Law at 212.465.1000 for a free consultation to discuss your legal rights. We will fight to bring you and your loved ones justice.
After enduring a personal injury, you may feel overwhelmed with questions, such as:
The insurance company is calling and sending me papers to sign. How should I respond? Who will pay my medical bills?
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At Sinel Law we can address these questions during your initial phone consultation at no obligation to you. We can tell you if you have a valid case and what you need to do to protect your rights.
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We prepare all of our cases for trial. There is no better leverage in negotiations than to have a law firm behind you that will take your case all the way to trial if necessary. At Sinel & Associates, PLLC, we have trial attorneys on staff. Our firm has a reputation at the courthouse as a law firm that will go to trial with a seasoned attorney. Most cases settle without the necessity of having a trial, however to get the maximum recovery with a settlement it is critical to have a firm that can legitimately threaten and back it up that they will proceed all the way to a jury verdict if there is not enough of a settlement being offered.
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What do lawyers mean when they refer to personal injury lawsuits? Personal injury lawsuits occur when another person is being negligent or acting with unreasonable behavior in a given circumstance. If you or a loved one has suffered a personal injury in New York, Sinel Law will fight to bring you justice. Each case, big or small, receives the same professional attention to detail.
Why is it important to hire a qualified and experienced attorney to handle your case? It is important for a claimant to be represented by someone who is experienced in handling construction accident cases. This will increase the claimants chances of recovering. Individuals rarely have the know how or the resources to handle big cases against a city agency or large corporation. We pride ourselves on having the expertise to handle any situation against even the largest of corporate defendants. Suits against the city are often successful once an experienced attorney is retained. That attorney can be found in our office. Our lawyers are meticulous, intelligent, and aggressive while operating with the highest level of professionalism. Sinel & Associates, PLLC, has an experienced legal staff, both capable and accustomed to litigating against insurance companies and municipalities as large as the City of New York. There is no fee for a consultation either over the phone or in person. There are no fees charged unless and until your case is handled successfully and completed. There will be no charge to the client on any cases that are unsuccessful. Every person who calls this office is important to us either as a new or future client. The entire staff of Sinel & Associates, PLLC, will treat you with the utmost level of respect and professionalism. Call us at 212.465.1000 to receive a free consultation. We will fight to bring you justice.
What every client should know after they have been in an accident. 1. Proving who caused the accident, or who is at fault for the accident is the first obstacle an accident victim must conquer. You must be able to prove that someone other than yourself has caused the accident. In New York, as long as you can show that the defendant's conduct was a substantial factor that contributed to the happening of the accident, you can recover money damages for your pain and suffering. Often times this can be accomplished through contacting an attorney quickly, so that the attorney can hire an investigator or other experts to make time sensitive pictures and obtain witness statements. 2. Proving your damages or injuries is the next step. Sometimes it is difficult for the client to get the medical attention that is necessary to evaluate their injuries. Our attorneys can help assist you in receiving excellent medical care from a specialist. It is important to go to a doctor who is familiar with injuries sustained in different accidents such as automobile accidents, defective products, slip and falls and toxic torts. These doctors can provide you with the medical care necessary to help speed up your recovery. 3. The attorney now has two options, to either settle or try your case. Here at Sinel & Associates, PLLC, we have tried hundreds of cases. We have experienced trial attorneys who not only get results in the courtroom, but truly love doing it. Not every case will go to trial, nor should every case. At Sinel & Associates, PLLC, we evaluate each claim and decide a reasonable number as a goal. This number is based on our years of experience settling cases, the extent of the injuries, the parties involved, the venue the lawsuit will be brought in, along with many other factors. We strive to recover as much money as is possible given the circumstances. We are not happy unless and until we have gotten every possible dollar. We work hard to keep our clients happy and that is obvious once you look at our million dollar jury verdicts hanging on the walls of our office. For more information, call us now at 212.465.1000.
1. Courtesy and Consideration You are entitled to be treated with courtesy and consideration at all times by your lawyer and the other lawyers and personnel in your lawyer's office. 2. Right to Withdraw You are entitled to an attorney capable of handling your legal matters competently and diligently, in accordance with the highest standards of the profession. If you are not satisfied with how your matter is being handled, you have the right to withdraw from the attorney-client relationship at any time (court approval may be required in some matters and your attorney may have a claim against you for the value of services rendered to you up to the point of discharge). 3. Independent Judgement You are entitled to your lawyer's independent professional judgment and undivided loyalty uncompromised by conflicts of interest. 4. Reasonable Fee You are entitled to be charged a reasonable fee and to have your lawyer explain at the outset how the fee will be computed and the manner and frequency of billing. 5. Written Itemized Bill You are entitled to request and receive a written itemized bill from your attorney at reasonable intervals. You may refuse to enter into any fee arrangement that you find unsatisfactory. 6. Prompt Answers You are entitled to have your questions and concerns addressed in a prompt manner and to have your telephone calls returned promptly. 7. To Be Kept Informed You are entitled to be kept informed as to the status of your matter and to request and receive copies of papers. 8. Sufficient Information You are entitled to sufficient information to allow you to participate meaningfully in the development of our matter. 9. Your Objectives Respected You are entitled to have your legitimate objectives respected by your attorney, including whether or not to settle your matter (court approval of a settlement is required in some matters). 10. Right to Privacy You have the right to privacy in your dealings with your lawyer and to have your secrets and confidences preserved to the extent permitted by law. 11. Ethics and Professionalism You are entitled to have your attorney conduct himself or herself ethically in accordance with the code of professional Responsibility. 12. No Discrimination You may not be refused representation on the basis of race, creed, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, national origin or disability.
The answer to that is simple...You never can tell. Anyone who tells you otherwise is not being 100% truthful. We take an extremely aggressive posture with all parties we negotiate with and WE WILL MAXIMIZE YOUR RECOVERY.
Another question that cannot be honestly answered. You never know how long one case will take from start to finish. We pride ourselves on our fast and efficient staff. Our paralegals, secretaries and attorneys are not only well educated individuals but they are practical professionals with the skills needed to MOVE CASES.


Which famous people have you outlived?

John Abercrombie

Died when: 72 years 249 days
Star Sign: Sagittarius

John Abercrombie John Laird Abercrombie (December 16, 1944 – August 22, 2017) was an American jazz guitarist. His work explored jazz fusion, free jazz, and avant-garde jazz. Abercrombie studied at Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. He was known for his understated style and his work with organ trios.


Located in Thirunangur, a village in the outskirts of Sirkazhi, is the little serene temple of The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Ranganatha locally known as Thiruthetriyambalam or Palli Konda Perumal Temple

The legend of this temple has to do with the Pastime of Lord Siva and Prajapathi Daksha.

Daksha was one of the Prajapati, son of  Lord Brahma, and among his earliest  creations. The name Daksha means "skilled one". Daksha had two wives: Prasothi who in turn the daughter of Prajapathi Manu and Panchajani . Sati (also known as ‘‘Uma Devi’’) was his youngest daughter; born from Prasoothi. She was the pet child of Daksha and he always carried her with him. Sati (meaning truth and Honesty) is also called Dakshayani as she followed Daksha’s path; this is derived from the Sanskrit words daksha and ayana which means path.

Sati, was deeply in love with the god Shiva and wished to become his wife. Her worship and devotion of Shiva strengthened her immense desire to become his wife. However, Daksha did not like his daughter’s yearning for Shiva, mainly because he was a Prajapati and the son of the god Brahma very much like Shiva; his daughter Sati was a royal princess. They were wealthy nobility and their imperial royal lifestyle was entirely different from that of Shiva. It can also be considered that both Shiva and Daksha was born from Daksha and Daksha considered it inappropriate for his daughter to marry his ‘brother like’ Shiva. As an emperor, Daksha wanted to increase his influence and power by making marriage alliances with powerful empires and influential sages and gods.

Shiva on the other hand led a very modest life. He lived among the downtrodden, wore no clothes but a tiger skin, smeared ashes from the crematorium on his body, had thick locks of matted hair, and begged with a skull as begging bowl. His abode was Mount Kailash . He embraced all kinds of living beings and did not make any distinction between good souls and bad souls. The Bhuta-ganas, his followers, consisted of all kinds of ghosts, demons, ghouls and goblins. He wandered though garden and graveyard alike. And never lived under a roof. So practically he was leading a life of a ascetic.

As a consequence, Daksha had aversion towards Shiva being his daughter’s companion. However unlike Daksha, Sati loved Shiva as she had the revelation that Shiva was the Supreme God. Sati won Shiva as her husband by undergoing severe austerities and penance. Despite Daksha's disappointment, Sati married Shiva.

Once Brahma conducted a huge fire sacrifice (sacrifice), where all the Prajapatis, gods and kings of the world were invited. Shiva and Sati were also called on to participate in the fire sacrifice. All of them came for the fire sacrifice and sat in the ceremonial place. Daksha came last. When he arrived, everyone in the fire sacrifice, with the exception of Brahma, Shiva and Sati, stood up showing reverence for him. Brahma being Daksha's father and Shiva being Daksha's son-in-law were considered superior in stature to Daksha. Daksha misunderstood Shiva’s gesture and considered Shiva's gesture as an insult. Daksha vowed to take revenge on the insult in the same manner.

Daksha’s grudge towards Shiva grew after Brahma's fire sacrifice. With the prime motive of insulting Shiva, Daksha initiated a great fire sacrifice, similar to that of Brahma. The fire sacrifice was to be presided over by the sage Bhrigu. He invited all the gods, Prajapatis and kings to attend the fire sacrifice and intentionally avoided inviting Shiva and Sati. Daksha decided even to avoid the ceremonial “havis”(white rice) offering to Shiva as part of fire sacrifice

Dadhichi Maharshi and Daksha

The Kurma Purana discusses the dialogues between the sage Dadhichi and Daksha. After the sacrifice and hymns where offered to the twelve Aditya gods; Dadhichi noticed that there was no sacrificial portion (Havis) allotted to Shiva and his wife, and no vedic hymns were used in the fire sacrifice addressing Shiva which were part of Vedic hymns. He warned Daksha that he should not alter the Holy Vedas for personal reasons; the priests and sages supported this. Daksha replied to Dadhichi that he would not do so and insulted Shiva. Dadhichi left the fire sacrifice because of this argument. Daksha said that he was ready to take sin for not offering obaltions to Shiva but would never offer oblations to Shiva.

Sati came to know about the grand fire sacrifice organized by her father and asked Shiva to attend the fire sacrifice. Shiva refused her request, saying that it was unappropriate to attend a function without being invited. He reminded her that she was now his wife more than Daksha’s daughter and, after marriage, is a member of Shiva’s family rather than Daksha’s. The feeling of her bond to her parents overpowered the social etiquette she had to follow. She even had a notion that there was no need to have received an invitation in order to attend as she was Daksha’s favourite daughter and no formality existed between them. She constantly pleaded and urged Shiva to let her attend the ceremony, and became adamant in her demands without listening to the reasons Shiva provided for not attending the function. He allowed Sati to go to her parents' home, along with his followers including Nandi, and attend the ceremony, but refused to accompany with her.

Upon arriving, Sati tried to meet her parents and sisters; Daksha was arrogant and avoided interacting with Sati. He repeatedly snubbed her in front of all the dignitaries but Sati maintained her composure. Because of Sati’s persistence in trying to meet him, Daksha reacted vehemently, insulting her in front of all the other guests at the ceremony to which she had not been invited. He called Shiva an atheist and cremation ground dweller. As planned, he took advantage of the situation and continued shouting repugnant words against Shiva. Sati felt deep remorse for not listening to her beloved husband. Daksha’s disdain towards her, and especially her husband Shiva, in front of all the guests was growing each moment she stood there. The shameless insult and humiliation of her and her beloved, eventually became too much to bear.

She cursed Daksha for acting so atrociously toward her and Shiva, and reminded him that his haughty behavior had blinded his intellect. She cursed him and warned that the wrath of Shiva would destroy him and his empire. Unable to bear further humiliation, Sati committed suicide by jumping into the sacrificial fire. The onlookers tried to save her but it was too late. They were only able to retrieve the half burnt body of Sati. Daksha's pride in being a Prajapati and his prejudice against his son-in-law created a mass hatred within himself, which resulted in the death of his daughter.The Nandi and the accompanying Bhootaganas left the fire sacrifice place after the incident. Nandi cursed the participants and Bhrigu reacted by cursing the Bhotaganas back.

Shiva was deeply pained upon hearing of his wife's death. His grief grew into a terrible anger when he realized how Daksha had viciously plotted a treachery against him; but it was his innocent wife who fell into the trap instead of him. Shiva learned of Daksha’s callous behavior towards Sati. Shiva's rage became so intense that he plucked a lock of hair from his head and smashed it on the ground, breaking it into two with his leg. Armed and frightening, two fearsome beings Virabhadra and kali emerged. Shiva ordered them to kill Daksha and destroy the fire sacrifice.

The ferocious Virabhadra and Bhadrakali, along with the Bhutaganas, reached the fire sacrifice spot. The invitees renounced the fire sacrifice and started running away from the turmoil. Sage Bhrigu created an army with his divine penance powers to resist Shiva’s attack and protect the fire sacrifice. Bhrigu’s army was demolished and the entire premises were ravaged. All those who participated, even the other Prajapatis and the  demi-gods, were mercilessly beaten, wounded or even slaughtered. The Vayu Purana mentions the attack of Bhutaganas: the nose of some goddesses were cut, Yama's staff bone was broken, Mitra's eyes were pulled out, Indra was trampled by Virabhadra and Bhutaganas, Pushan's teeth were knocked out, Chandra was beaten heavily, all of the Prajapatis' were beaten, the hands of Vahini were cut off, and Bhrigu's beard was cut off.

Daksha was caught and decapitated, the attack culminated when the Bhutaganas started plucking out Bhrigu’s white beard as a victory souvenir.  Daksha is killed and still Shiva’s ager was not subdued

As the obstruction of the fire sacrifice will create havoc and severe ill effects on the nature, Brahma and the god Vishnu went to the grief-stricken Shiva. They comforted and showed their sympathy towards Shiva. They requested him to come to the fire sacrifice location and pacify the bhutaganas and allow the yaga to be completed; Shiva agreed. Shiva found the burnt body of Sati. Shiva gave permission to continue fire sacrifice. Daksha was absolved by Shiva and the head of a ram (Male goat) meant for fire sacrifice was fixed on the decapitated body of Daksha and gave his life back. The fire sacrifice was completed successfully.

Shiva went to isolation and solitude for ages and wandered all around until Sati reincarnated as Parvati, the daughter of the King Himavana. Like Sati, Parvati took severe austerities and gave away all her royal privileges and went to forest. Shiva tested her affection and devotion in disguise. He eventually realized Parvati is Sati herself. Shiva later on married Parvati

Shiva entered into a ferice thandava dance in anger. The whole material world started to tremple with fear.The celestial deities were worried that if the dance continues, it would result in decimation of entire creations. They prayed to Vishnu for help, who appeared at this place. On seeing Vishnu, Shiva's anger was reduced and he requested Vishnu to appear in eleven forms like he did. On his request, Vishnu appeared in eleven different forms at Tirunangur. The eleven places where Vishnu appeared are believed to be where the eleven temples in Tirunangur are located. It is believed that several sages like Agastya, Bharathwaj, Gautama and Varuna performed penance at this place and in this temple Shiva specifically asked The Supreme Personality of Godhead Lord Vishnu to appear as one sleeping in Adisesha as Lord Ranagatha to which the Supreme lord readily agreed and appeared as Pallikonda Ranganatha Perumal or sleeping Vishnu on Adisesha in shyana form.

Another legend says that the story is associated to the great epic ‘Mahabharata’, where the Arjuna, one of the five Pandava Brothers, was thirsty and was in search of water. He was unable to find water in the place around and was advised by the sage Lord Agastyar who was doing penance there, to worship Lord Krishna. As said by the sage Lord Agastyar, the legend Arjuna worshipped Lord Krishna and as a result Lord Krishna is said to offer him a sword.

When Arjuna dug the ground with the sword, water rushed out resulting in a temple tank in that place called Katka Pushkarani. And it is also said that Lord Krishna appeared in the form of Lord Parthasarathy and initiated knowledge to Arjuna to make him understand the glory of ‘Lord Krishna’. This legend is leading to the name of this temple as ‘Thiru Thetri Ambalam’ (Thetri refers to ‘Initiate’ and Ambalam refers to ‘Temple’).

The Temple

The temple is of modest nature devoid of any ornamental pillars or gopurams. The location of the temple has to do with the agrarian community living around it. The presiding deity of this Temple is Lord Senkanmala Ranganatha Perumal , also called as Lord Palli Konda Perumal, in the reclining form facing the east direction. Lord Bhudevi and Sridevi can be seen massaging the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord. The temple complex has a single prakaram(outer courtyard) and a separate shrine for Thayar, Goddess Sengamalavalli (Goddess Lakshmi).. There is shrine for Azwars and Acharyas in the temple.

the annual Brahmotsavam festival is celebrated during the New moon day of Tamil month of Adi when the festival deity of the temple is taken in a procession to the sea at Poompuhar beach for a holy dip on the last day. During the new moon day of the Tamil month Thai, the festival deity of Thirumangai Azhwar is brought to the temple from Thiruvali-Thirunagari. The Thirumangai Azhwar Mangalasasana Utsavam is celebrated in the Tamil month of Thai (January–February). The highlight of the festival is Garudasevai, an event in which the festival images of the eleven Tirunangur Tirupathis are brought on mount designed like Garuda, called Garuda Vahana, to Tirunangur. The festive image of Thirumangai Azhwar is also brought on a Hamsa Vahanam (palaquin) and his paasurams (verses) dedicated to each of these eleven temples are recited during the occasion. The festival images of Thirumangai Alvar and his consort Kumudavalli Naachiyar are taken in a palanquin to each of the eleven temples. The verses dedicated to each of the eleven temples are chanted in the respective shrines. This is one of the most important festivals in the region which draws thousands of visitors

In his periya Thirumozi Thirumangai azwar composes beautiful songs in praise of the Supreme personality of Godhead.

Look at this The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  —who snatched away the crowns, might and glories of the foes; made their wives lose their ear rings (made them widows); loosened the iron chains on the legs of vasudeva Maharaja, His father (who was in prison) and saved gajendra who was caught by the crocodile. He resides in Thiru Thetri Ambalam where there are lotus ponds where huge lotus flowers are found. The crab entered the lotus flower. At that time pearl-like flowers fell from the areca nut trees and blocked the mouth of the crab’s house. The crab could not go to his hole and stayed in the flower. Azhwar says he saw this Lotus flower or Senakamal in this temple.

Look at this boy who drank the poison and milk of the wicked pootana who came disguised as yasoda to feed Him with her milk and kill Him-which nobody would dare do. He resides in Thiru Thetri Ambalam of tiru nangoor where—bees hover over the Kadamba flowers grown alongside the paddy crops; making a buzzing sound; where women wearing anklets work in the fields making jingling sound of the ornaments.

The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  would enter the huts where the cowherd women would keep fresh butter. He would eat from all the houses and pull their sarees too. Thus would He roam the Vraja Mandala. He resides in Thiru Thetri Ambalam where there are tall coconut trees the fruits of which fall on the mango trees. The fruits get carried by the river Kaveri along with different kinds of flowers leveling the ground as she flows with force.

Our The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  is like a dark cloud. He defeated the seven powerful bulls that had curved horns, were dark and angry for the sake of  the gopis. Come out and see Him—who married them—in Thiru Thetri Ambalam where there are tall mansions. The trees and creepers grown there grows so high as to touch the moon, tie him with their tendrils and make him immobile. This static moon shed his beam on the gems studded walls of the mansions making them very bright and brilliant.

Oh! Look at this ever young moorti who has association with Mahalakshmi (having a golden belt over her hips) and gopis (having shining white teeth and dark long eyes) that the ornaments like necklace and chains worn by them get crushed in the act. He resides in Thiru Thetri Ambalam where there are beautiful women (with sweet and soft speech) living in beautiful houses capture and imprison the minds of young men with their bow-like brows.

This The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  is the one who cut off the mountain-like twenty arms of Ravana who thought proudly—‘Aha! This young human being considers Himself as the sole monarch., Should I tolerate Him and call myself as the king of demons!’. He challenged Rama for the war but was finally killed by the ‘human being’. He resides in this divya desa called Thiru Thetri Ambalam where sweet and beautiful doe-eyed damsels teach their pet parrots sweet words.

Look at this mischievous The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  who took a vamana incarnation, entered the yaga Boomi of mahabali, begged three feet of land from him. Loot at His roopa—a brahmana dwarf boy with sacred thread across His shoulders and a deer skin round His waist. He resides in Thiru Thetri Ambalam where the beautiful women take bath in the river. The kumkum paste applied to their breasts dissolve in water and get settled on the white sand dunes.

Look at our The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  my swami who took enormously huge varaha avatara, in whose hoof was the meru mountain got stuck, making a clinging sound like the small pebbles in the anklets. He lifted mother earth bhomi devi from the deep ocean placed her on His tusk and walked briskly shaking His huge form causing the trembling of mahalakshmi in His chest. He resides in tiru nangoor where there is the combined noise of vedic chanting, reading of six vedangas, discourse of itihasas and puranas, chanting of vedic mantras in sacrifices, singing hymns to Him—heard at all times that makes the city of Thiru Thetri Ambalam a wealthy city.

Look at our The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  who swallowed and kept inside His stomach the seven worlds, oceans, hills and mountains eight directions, andas and pervaded all of them. The deluge water flooded the whole regions and the level of sea rose. He resides in Thiru Thetri Ambalam where the vaidikas always chant four vedas and where there are gem studded mansions adding to the spiritual and material wealth of the city.

Tirumangai AzhwAr, the chief of tirukkuraiyaloor, who always bears a spear in his hand has sung ten songs, a garland of words on The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  who resides in Thiru Thetri Ambalam which is a beautiful city with beautiful mansions. Those who read them and enjoy the nectar will rule over this earth while here and enjoy the pire devotional service  of The Supreme Personality of Godhead Sri Krishna  like eternal residents of Vaikunda.


10.2.10. About Transaction Timeouts

In order to preserve atomicity and adhere to the ACID standard for transactions, some parts of a transaction can be long-running. Transaction participants need to lock parts of datasources when they commit, and the transaction manager needs to wait to hear back from each transaction participant before it can direct them all whether to commit or roll back. Hardware or network failures can cause resources to be locked indefinitely.
Transaction timeouts can be associated with transactions in order to control their lifecycle. If a timeout threshold passes before the transaction commits or rolls back, the timeout causes the transaction to be rolled back automatically.
You can configure default timeout values for the entire transaction subsystem, or you disable default timeout values, and specify timeouts on a per-transaction basis.


Close Attractions

Antlers Rest

Portree Harbour

Portree is situated off the Sound of Raasay. Portree harbour has a sheltered deep water anchorage which provides good shelter from all winds.

Portree has a diverse shipping clientele and is a popular destination for cruise liners.

During the summer months cruise liners land their passengers. The harbour is also home to a flourishing fishing fleet and a busy salmon farming industry.

Parts of the distinctive landscape have earned particular names. The needle is a jagged 37 m high landmark pinnacle, a remnant of landslipping. Northwest of it is The Table, a flat grassy area slipped down fron the summit plateau, with vistas of the Torridon Hills and the mountains of Wester Ross. Southwest is the prison, a pyramidal rocky peak which can look like a medievel keep when viewed from the right angle - the ascent of this airy scramble.

Lealt Falls

These impressive falls are close to the Portree –Staffin road. From the car park there is an interesting walk up to Loch Cuithir with the remains of the diatomite railway.

Fairy Pools

The Fairy Pools are beautifully crystal clear blue pools on the River Brittle. They make some great ‘Wild Swimming’for those brave enough to enter the cold water. For the less adventurous these magical Fairy Pools make some fantastic photos. The walk to the pools uses the same route there and back. The complete return distance to the first main waterfall and pool is 2.4km, with the average time to complete the walk being 40 minutes (with no stops). Most people will spend some time working their way up the river from the first waterfall exploring the different pools.

Book Online


Aristotle aquinas essays

Aristotle aquinas essays

He taught that a fetus originally has a vegetable soul.

Aristotle aquinas essays

This evolves into an animal soul later in gestation. Finally the fetus is "animated" with a human soul. This latter event, called "ensoulment," was believed to occur at 40 days after conception for male fetuses, and 90 days after conception for female fetuses.

Ultrasound devices and pregnancy test strips were millennia in the future. Thus abortions were not condemned if performed early in gestation when the embryo had a vegetable or animal soul. It was only condemned if the abortion was done later in pregnancy that a human soul was destroyed. By coincidence, this 90 day limit happens to be approximately equal to the end of the first trimester, the point at which the US Supreme Court decided that states could begin to restrict a woman's access to abortion.

The 40 and 90 day limits also bear a striking resemblance to the 40 and 80 day periods when a woman was considered ritually impure after birth in Judaism Leviticus Both concepts denigrated females at the time. The Jewish faith was generally opposed to both infanticide and abortion.

An exception occurred if the continuation of a pregnancy posed a risk to the life of the pregnant woman or to her other children. In such cases, the pregnant woman is actually obligated to abort the fetus; the fetus is then considered "radef" -- a pursuer.

Abate Gualdi

Early in the 1st century CEa well-known Jewish philosopher -- Philo of Alexandria -- 20 BCE - circa 47 CE wrote on infanticide and abortion, 2 condemning non-Jews of other cultures and religions for the widespread, unjustified practices.

There were three main movements within early Christianity. Two did not succeed: Jewish Christianity -- centered in Jerusalem and founded by Jesus' disciples -- and Gnostic Christianity.

The third, Pauline Christianity, flourished and evolved into the Christian Church. It was surrounded by a mosaic of other competing religions within the Roman Empire, including Judaismthe Greek state religion, Mithraism, the Roman state religion, and various Mystery religions.

With the exception of Judaism, most or all of the competing religions allowed women to have abortions and allowed parents to kill new-born babies by strangulation or exposing them as methods of population control. There are many writings, letters and petitions of early Christian philosophers and Church Fathers which equated abortion with infanticide and condemned both as murder.

Uta Ranke-Heinemann 3 quotes a number of early writings. We obtained others from an Email. There sat women, and the discharge came up to their throats; and opposite them sat many children, who were born prematurely, weeping.

Aristotle (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

These were those who produced children outside of marriage, and who procured abortions. For the same person, would not regard the child in the womb as a living being and therefore an object of God's care and then kill itEssay on A Comparison of Augustine and Aquinas Views Brian Hammond 08/27/ PHI Ethical Thinking on the Liberal Arts Kyle Smith – Instructor Augustine and Aquinas Views Compared In this essay, I will discuss the views of Aquinas and Augustine in regards to their views on human nature and “The Good”.

Through Aristotle’s work in Politics, he articulates several fundamental aspects of political philosophy that has been greatly influential.

Two specific philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Thomas Aquinas, evaluate Aristotle’s perspective of the political nature in . Moral Behavior: Aquinas and Aristotle vs. Kant When comparing between the philosophies of St. Thomas Aquinas/Aristotle and those of Immanuel Kant when regarding moral behavior, there are some very fundamental differences.

History of Philosophy. The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato. Aquinas took an Aristotelian path, being a strong follower of Aristotle while Augustine, took a Platonic path, considering Plotinus as his mentor. Both delved deeply into the concept of ethics dichotomy, the human nature, and the human’s ability to know, and to do, the good. Aristotle and Aquinas Essay - Aristotle and Aquinas Among political theorists, the debate over the rule of law has been quite intense. From the earliest days of political philosophy through to the enlightenment, there have been varying views on what the rule of .

On one hand, you have Kant’s autonomous perspective on behavior morality, in which you give the law to . Aristotle ( bc). Aristotle of Stagira is one of the two most important philosophers of the ancient world, and one of the four or five most important of any time or place.

Saint Thomas Aquinas (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Thomas Aquinas: Selected Writings (Penguin Classics) [Thomas Aquinas, Ralph McInerny] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. In his reflections on Christianity, Saint Thomas Aquinas forged a unique synthesis of ancient philosophy and medieval theology.

Preoccupied with the relationship between faith and reason. Categories Aristotle’s Term Greek Examples; Substance/Essence “substance” “this” “what-it-is” ousia tode ti ti esti: man, horse Socrates “Socrates is a man”.

History of Philosophy


Developing Mental Toughness with Athletes

“Mental toughness” is a desirable trait in any athlete. When game situations become critical and extremely difficult as the levels of pressure and stress skyrocket, a coach’s concern turn to the ability (or inability) of the athlete to avoid the onset of anxiety and not succumb to these high stress conditions. As part of the discussion in the preparation of the athlete to enhance their “mental toughness” it is important to consider the influences of fatigue upon athletic performance.

Fatigue is not the enemy of the athlete. It is critical for the athlete develop a work capacity to enable them to perform at optimal levels repeatedly over time. To improve an athlete’s work capacity the athlete must be exposed to the appropriate application of unaccustomed stress as described by Hans Seyle in his “General Adaptation Syndrome” (GAS) for the desired adaptation to occur. Fatigued will transpire during the course of the application of these unaccustomed stresses (i.e. training sessions, team practice, etc.). However, with the proper planning of these stresses excessive fatigue will be avoided. Excessive fatigue has an undesirable effect upon the body including but not limited to the following:

1. Concentration and Alertness – Fatigue will adversely affect the athlete’s ability to concentrate as well as react to game situations. Related to these limitations is a decrease in neuromuscular coordination resulting in decreased agility and movement abilities.

2. Muscle force output – A fatigued muscle/muscle group will be constrained to the amount of force that may be produced. This will also have an effect on the physical qualities of power and speed. If a muscle/muscle group cannot produce an adequate amount of force (strength), how can force possibility be produced quickly?

3. Effects on joint force couples – A force couple of a joint may be described as two or more forces acting in different directions, resulting in a rotation. One such force couple occurs at the shoulder between the rotator cuff and deltoid muscle groups. The main function of the rotator cuff is to provide a compressive force to maintain the humeral head in a centered position at the glenoid (joint). During arm elevation the strong deltoid muscles attempt to offset the humeral head superiorly toward the inferior aspect of the acromion posing possible injury to the rotator cuff musculature. It has been acknowledged that excessively fatigued rotator cuff musculature cannot oppose the strong forces of the deltoids adversely affecting this force couple resulting in a superior migration of the humeral head in the glenoid. This force couple disruption mimics the same gleno-humeral kinematics that occurs in a shoulder with a torn rotator cuff. The adverse effect of excessive fatigue may arise at any force couple in the body setting the table for poor performance and possible injury.

4. Effect on joint proprioceptors – a proprioceptor may be described as a variety of sensory end organs (i.e. muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organs) in muscle, tendons, and joint capsules that sense body position or state of contraction. The adverse effect of fatigue on joint position sense may result in poor sports skill mechanics (i.e. baseball pitching) and body positioning (i.e. wide receiver foot placement during a cutting activity). A disruption in optimal sport skill mechanics and/or poor positioning of the body at high velocities may place the athlete at possible risk of injury.

5. Recovery – the greater the fatigue state of an athlete the prolonged the period of time required for their full recovery. A consistent day after day “draining of the fuel tank” will not allow for full recovery of the neuromuscular system, prohibit optimal athletic performance, and expose the athlete to possible overuse type soft tissue injuries (strains, tendonitis, etc.).

* Robert A. Panariello

Fastest Way to Build Cycling Endurance

For many years, we were told that if we wanted to properly build our base fitness, we needed to spend 12 to 16 weeks riding long, steady, low-intensity miles to strengthen our aerobic systems, so they could eventually handle harder training rides and races. Well, this method works great if it’s your job to get up and ride your bike four to six hours a day, but for the rest of us without many free hours, a schedule-friendly method called polarized training presents a practical way to build endurance on a time budget.

“Ultimately, your ‘base’ comes down to your mitochondrial capacity,” says exercise physiologist Paul Laursen, “Research shows that while longer, lower-intensity exercise increases the number of mitochondria in your cells, high-intensity training makes those mitochondria more powerful.” (Some studies show high-intensity exercise performed regularly can stimulate the production of mitochondria, too.)

Plus, when you do a set (or especially multiple sets) of high-intensity intervals, your heart rate stays elevated during your “recovery” periods, which benefits your aerobic energy systems—especially as the session progresses, says Laursen.

However you slice it, interval training undoubtedly improves endurance, even if you’re already pretty fit. “Our research has found that when well-trained cyclists performed two interval sessions a week for three to six weeks, their VO2 max, peak aerobic-power output and endurance performance improved by two to four percent,” he says.

To that end, the best recipe for building endurance is blending the distribution of your training so about 80 percent of your rides are in those aerobic ‘zone 2’ intensities (in terms of heart-rate zones) and about 20 percent are performed at high and very-high intensities, or a blend of zones 3 to 5 throughout the week, says Laursen.

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