Abstract class vs Interface

Hum ni ngồi rảnh rảnh đọc cái Design Pattern , lâu lắm rồi ko đọc nó. Thì thấy ra mình còn đang confused giữa Abstract Class Interface .

Sau 1 hồi tìm hiểu trên net thì túm lại là tìm ra được 1 số câu hỏi và câu trả lời sau:

  1. Sự Giống và khác nhau giữa Interface và Abstract Class
  2. Khi nào thì dùng Abstract Class
  3. Khi nào thì dùng interface

Dươí đây là 1 đống tài liệu sau khi tổng kết, làm biếng dịch sang tiếng Việt (Và cũng không biết để sao) nên để vậy lun

What is an Abstract class?

What is an Interface?

An interface is not a class. It is an entity that is defined by the word Interface. An interface has no implementation; it only has the signature or in other words, just the definition of the methods without the body . As one of the similarities to Abstract class, it is a contract that is used to define hierarchies for all subclasses or it defines specific set of methods and their arguments . The main difference between them is that a class can implement more than one interface but can only inherit from one abstract class . Since C# doesn’t support multiple inheritance, interfaces are used to implement multiple inheritance.

Both together

When we create an abstract class, we are creating a base class that might have one or more completed methods but at least one or more methods are left uncompleted and declared abstract . If all the methods of an abstract class are uncompleted then it is the same as an interface but with the restriction that it cannot make a class inherit from it. The purpose of an abstract class is to provide a base class definition for how a set of derived classes will work and then allow the programmers to fill the implementation in the derived classes.

There are some similarities and differences between an interface and an abstract class that I have arranged in a table for easier comparison:

Feature Interface Abstract class
Multiple inheritance A class may inherit several interfaces. A class may inherit only one abstract class.
Default implementation An interface cannot provide any code, just the signature. An abstract class can provide complete, default code and/or just the details that have to be overridden.
is-a vs -able or can-do Interfaces are often used to describe the peripheral abilities of a class, not its central identity, e.g. an Automobile class might implement the Recyclable interface , which could apply to many otherwise totally unrelated objects. An abstract class defines the core identity of its descendants. If you defined a Dog abstract class then Damamation descendants are Dogs, they are not merely dogable. Implemented interfaces enumerate the general things a class can do, not the things a class is.In a Java context, users should typically implement the Runnable interface rather than extending Thread , because they’re not really interested in providing some new Thread functionality, they normally just want some code to have the capability of running independently. They want to create something that can be run in a thread, not a new kind of thread.The similar is-a vs has-a debate comes up when you decide to inherit or delegate.
Core VS Peripheral Interfaces are used to define the peripheral abilities of a class. In other words both Human and Vehicle can inherit from a IMovable interface. An abstract class defines the core identity of a class and there it is used for objects of the same type.
Homogeneity If the various implementations only share method signatures then it is better to use Interface. If the various implementations are of the same kind and use common behaviour or status then abstract class is better to use.
Speed Requires more time to find the actual method in the corresponding classes. Fast

Class vs. interface

With the Strategy pattern, you can simply encapsulate the algorithm behind an object. If you do that, you can provide new media plug-ins at any time. Let’s call the plug-in class MediaStrategy . That object would have one method: playStream(Stream s) . So to add a new algorithm, we simply extend our algorithm class. Now, when the program encounters the new media type, it simply delegates the playing of the stream to our media strategy. Of course, you’ll need some plumbing to properly instantiate the algorithm strategies you will need.

This is an excellent place to use an interface. We’ve used the Strategy pattern, which clearly indicates a place in the design that will change. Thus, you should define the strategy as an interface. You should generally favor interfaces over inheritance when you want an object to have a certain type; in this case, MediaStrategy . Relying on inheritance for type identity is dangerous; it locks you into a particular inheritance hierarchy. Java doesn’t allow multiple inheritance, so you can’t extend something that gives you a useful implementation or more type identity.

Interface vs. abstract class

When To Use Interfaces

When To Use Abstract classes

When to Use Both

Chia sẻ trang này trên Facebook
Chia sẻ trang này trên StumbleUpon
Chia sẻ trang này trên Yahoo Bookmark
Chia sẻ trang này trên Delicious
Chia sẻ trang này trên LinkedIn

Facebook comments:

Viết lời bình


UFC Women’s Featherweight Rankings

Men’s Divisions
Heavyweight (265)Light Heavyweight (205)Middleweight (185)Welterweight (170)Lightweight (155)Featherweight (145)Bantamweight (135)Flyweight (125)

Women’s Divisions
Women’s Featherweight (145) – Women’s Bantamweight (135)Women’s Flyweight (125) – Women’s Strawweight (115)

Fighter  Last 3 FightsNext Fight
Amanda Nunes
17-4 (10-1 UFC)
W-Cristiane Justino (KO)
W-Raquel Pennington (TKO)
W-Valentina Shevchenko (DEC)
Holly Holm
UFC 239
1Cristiane Justino
20-2 (5-1 UFC)
L-Amanda Nunes (KO)
W-Yana Kunitskaya (TKO)
W-Holly Holm (DEC)
2Felicia Spencer
7-0 (1-0 UFC)
W-Megan Anderson (SUB)
W-Pam Sorenson (SUB)
W-Helena Kolesnyk (SUB)
3Holly Holm
12-4 (5-4 UFC)
W-Megan Anderson (DEC)
L-Cristiane Justino (DEC)
W-Bethe Correia (KO)
Amanda Nunes
UFC 239
4Megan Anderson
9-4 (1-2 UFC)
L-Felicia Spencer (SUB)
W-Cat Zingano (TKO)
L-Holly Holm (DEC)
5Cat Zingano
10-4 (3-4 UFC)
L-Megan Anderson (TKO)
W-Marion Reneau (DEC)
L-Ketlen Vieira (DEC)
6Leah Letson
5-1 (1-0 UFC)
W-Julija Stoliarenko (DEC)
L-Macy Chiasson (KO)
W-Bea Malecki (DEC)
Ineligible for Rankings
* Suspension
* Inactivity>15 months
* Moving Divisions
* Yet to debut
Duda Santana
3-0 (0-0 UFC)
W-Ana Monteiro (DEC)
W-Alexandra Rodrigues (TKO)
W-Heloisa Azevedo (DEC)
Bea Malecki
UFC on ESPN+ 11
Bea Malecki
2-0 (0-0 UFC)
W-Tracy Smith (TKO)
W-Faith Davis (SUB)
Duda Santana
UFC on ESPN+ 11
Zarah dos Santos
UFC Rankings FAQ
* These rankings are not official, nor do they reflect any affiliation with, sponsorship, or endorsement by the UFC. The rankings generated by the UFC can be found here.
UFC Rankings are comprised of all fighters currently signed to the UFC. RankingMMA has been publishing UFC rankings since 2006.

So, how do we compile our rankings? What separates us from other web sites that formulate rankings?

Here is our rankings criteria:
- Most recent performance
- Performance against top competition
- Estimated ability against future competition
- Strength of competition
- Activity in the last 3 years
- Last 5 fights

There are many fighters sporting undefeated records from developing fight scenes, especially abroad. Something we take into consideration is the strength of competition they have faced. If a fighter has compiled a bunch of wins against competition that is lackluster they will likely have a difficult time moving up in the rankings until they face stiffer competition in order for us to accurately predict how they would perform against exceedingly tougher competition.

If a fighter has fought elite competition and fallen short, we factor in how they performed. If a fighter fairs well against a higher-ranked adversary, they could still move up in the rankings.

Actual fight footage is reviewed, regardless of promotion in order to formulate our rankings.

= Fighter moves up in the rankings after recent fight
= Fighter moves down in the rankings after recent fight

Reasons a fighter is ineligible for UFC Rankings
= Inactivity over 15 months
= Changing weight classes. A fighter must debut in their new weight class in order to officially be ranked there. Upon their debut, they will be removed from their former weight class. If the fighter temporarily competed outside of their division, they will be ranked in their primary division unless the fighter states different.
= Suspension. Should a fighter be suspended for performance enhancing substances or fighter conduct, they will be removed from the rankings.
= Info Needed. A fighter has signed or re-signed with the UFC, but have yet to officially fight in the UFC.


Download What Hitler knew by Zachary Shore PDF

By Zachary Shore

What Hitler Knew is an engaging examine of the way the weather of worry in Nazi Germany affected Hitler's advisers and formed the choice making technique. It explores the foremost international coverage judgements from the Nazi seizure of energy as much as the hours prior to the outbreak of global conflict II. Zachary Shoreargues persuasively that the demanding setting led the diplomats to a virtually obsessive keep watch over over the "information arsenal" in a determined conflict to safeguard their positions and to defend their lives. in contrast to past experiences, this booklet attracts the reader into the diplomats' darker global, andillustrates how Hitler's energy to make educated judgements used to be constrained by means of the very method he created. the end result, Shore concludes, used to be a chaotic move of knowledge among Hitler and his advisers which may have sped up the march towards warfare.

Show description

Read or Download What Hitler knew PDF

Similar germany books

Aufklarer, Volume Two: Luftwaffe Reconnaissance Aircraft and Units 1942-1945

Concluding the tale of the Luftwaffe s reconnaissance devices, this booklet covers the interval from 1942 to finish of the warfare. because the tide of the conflict grew to become opposed to Germany, info acquired from AufklÃ¤rungsflieger turned ever extra important to either the German excessive Command and local-level flooring commanders.

Church Robbers and Reformers in Germany, 1525-1547: Confiscation and Religious Purpose in the Holy Roman Empire (Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions)

It is a examine of the non secular controversy that broke out with Martin Luther, from the vantage of church estate. the debate ultimately produced a Holy Roman Empire of 2 church buildings. this isn't an monetary background. particularly, the publication exhibits how reputation of confiscation was once received, and the way theological recommendation was once necessary to the good fortune of what's often referred to as a very important if early degree of confessional state-building.

Emmy Noether, die Noether-Schule und die moderne Algebra: Zur Geschichte einer kulturellen Bewegung

Emmy Noether und die Mitglieder der Noether-Schule gestalteten wesentlich die kulturelle Bewegung der modernen Algebra, die in den 1920er Jahren die Vorstellungen über Mathematik veränderte und zu einem neuen Verständnis der Mathematik als Strukturwissenschaft führte. In interdisziplinär angelegten Studien verbindet die Autorin biografische Forschungen zu Noether und den Mitgliedern der Noether-Schule mit wissenschaftstheoretischen Untersuchungen mathematischer Texte sowie einer aus dem Konzept der dichten Beschreibung abgeleiteten examine wissenschaftlicher Schulenbildung: Die Entstehung mathematischen Wissens als soziokulturellem Prozess wird sichtbar und auch einer mathematisch nicht ausgebildeten Leserschaft zugänglich.

Solar dance : Van Gogh, forgery, and the eclipse of certainty

In Modris Eksteins's palms, the interlocking tales of Vincent van Gogh and artwork broker Otto Wacker show the origins of the basic uncertainty that's the hallmark of the trendy period. during the lens of Wacker's sensational 1932 trial in Berlin for promoting pretend Van Goghs, Eksteins bargains a different narrative of Weimar Germany, the increase of Hitler, and the alternative of nineteenth-century certitude with twentieth-century doubt.

Extra info for What Hitler knew

Sample text

Unfortunately for the Foreign Ministry, the reports of covert talks in the east coincided with growing internal pressure on ministry officials. On September , the ministry’s Political Division chief received renewed demands from both the secret police and Abwehr for the release and publication of details surrounding the Polish spy ring. With the forthcoming disarmament conference on the horizon, the police and army sought to gain political capital and a relaxation in arms limitations by exposing Polish machinations to the world.

In his postwar memoirs, Ambassador von Dirksen recalled a meeting in early May  with the führer in which Hitler told him that he wanted friendly relations with Russia. As Dirksen wrote: “But then something happened which I will never forget. 41 This exchange suggests that Hitler did have the changing of Germany’s eastern policy in mind early on in . However, at that time, Hitler was primarily concerned with consolidating his power. He was not yet head of state, nor had he fully established a dictatorship.

We Germans greeted every newcomer with a sigh of relief. Nobody knew who had been lucky enough to escape and who had succumbed. . After dinner, when we were grouped in the orangery, a young gentleman of the Wilhelmstraße appeared. He whispered something into Sahm’s ear. ”31 Aware that she might be in danger, Fromm spent several days away from the city. Only two weeks earlier she had had General von Schleicher and his wife, along with General von Bredow, to her home for dinner. All three were murdered, and it was known that she was close to them.

Download PDF sample

Rated 4.31 of 5 – based on 29 votes


Tag: Conveniences

Is it Much Better to Find Out Spanish With Spanish Instructions Online?

Several that make a decision to start finding out Spanish will discuss in their minds the advantages and disadvantages of Spanish lessons online as contrasted to class understanding. The kinds of individuals that decide to use online Spanish lessons are those individuals that might be presently homeschooled, have actually been discouraged from typical techniques of discovering Spanish, or have a routine that is really complete and uncertain; for that reason, stopping them from having the ability to devote to a stable timetable of courses.

Lots of people discover that knowing is harder in any type of standard technique with every one of the complex information of the language. It additionally eats much excessive of their time. Therefore, they enter a search of something much better, something that will instruct them conversational Spanish; because besides, that is what they wish to perform in the top place. For the majority of those, it is most likely to be Spanish lessons online that are mosting likely to offer their objectives well.

What Are the Conveniences?

The kinds of individuals that select the conversational design learning-based programs such as Rocket Spanish are individuals that might locate they will  be taking a trip to a location where the one on one spanish class online language is one of the most leading one in the area. It can be fairly attempting to be in an additional nation and also not able to connect with individuals such as waiters/waitresses, front workdesk workers in resorts, and also most notably taxi driver. When one finds out conversational Spanish, they will have the ability to deal with this interaction job easily and not need to stress that they are stating glitch.

There are lots of means in which one will be able to acquire the expertise required for conversational Spanish that can be made use of in daily life. In truth, conversational Spanish shows us how to connect using the Spanish lessons online plus an interactive discussion forum where pupils can link with each various other in order to contrast progression, and also discover extra words.

Share :


Strawberries and Champagne Soap Filled Loofah

Strawberries and champagne fragrance scents this soap. Powdered dried strawberries adds texture and charm!

Ingredients: Coconut, olive, soybean, and cottonseed oils; beeswax; strawberries and champagne fragrance; dried strawberries.

$ 7.50


Cura Network: (PreICO) The Global Decentralized Health System

Blockchain Technology Currently has enormous potential to change the structure of various industries, from data management, security and medical services, and in several other fields.

At present there are so many applications for Blockchain technology in the health sector, and include supply channels for the distribution of goods and services. From the real example is a case where the supply channel transports drugs from the factory to the end user. For example, a drug package is sent from the factory, the package is verified, stamped as a time stamp, and entered into the Blockchain application and validated in the order and time stamp at each time of the central distribution. This can allow monitoring from production to distribution channel transportation, which can simplify and streamline management of drug distribution channels, prevent drugs from dying to death where there is no guarantee, authentication of drugs to end users is the best way to minimize the possibility of being wrong,

When people look at the health care sector, it assumes that the ability of the Blockchain to become a silver bullet will overcome challenges with medical records and protect the privacy of patient data.

About Cura Network

The project will also have a decentralized global health system consisting of entities that collaborate and share data from each other to be able to promote, restore or maintain health. These entities are patients, specialists, providers, and third party application developers. Patients will also have exclusive ownership of their health data that is distributed and shared by other permit entities. Patients can also authorize access to all their health records. Cura Network will also introduce the storage of decentralized health data through platforms that have guaranteed data interoperability, very fast, easy and safe access, privacy and portability of data while functioning as part of the data for third-party developers to power their health care applications. Cura Network can also bring together patients, specialists, researchers, insurance companies, developers, etc. Into a large global community.

Basically, the idea of using Blockchain in health is like: making medical records safely on the Blockchain where it is guaranteed that authorized people can access it anywhere in the world. gender. That’s what the Estonian government can do – a good example of Blockchain technology in health management. Using a large-scale non-key data authentication method, combined with a distributed ledger, people only need to bring their IDs to unlock and access their real-time medical records. The Blockchain is a clear chain to protect and maintain the registration of anyone who uses this record, while maintaining a compliance process.

We aim to enhance the universe of health care by utilizing blockchain technology to create an integrated platform that will empower a large number of health services. And in the end, our goal is to be able to integrate patients, specialists, providers and third-party application developers into the blockchain ecosystem, which will make these health transactions truly efficient, safe, explicit, fast and reliable.

Feature Cura Network

Quality of Health Services: Providing access to quality health services from specialists and providers examined throughout the world.
Privacy & Access Control: Can also have ownership and control of your health record. And understand and determine how your data is shared.
Global Decentralized Identity: And each entity is given a Cura Network Identity (CNID) which represents an independent sovereign identity in a chain with unique role-based attributes.
Distributed Record Storage: Cost savings in storage. And high efficiency in data transfer with continuous availability. And send simultaneous data on many computers.
Third-party Application Integration: Provides a data access layer for a large number of existing or new health software applications.
Fair Economy: Get innate monetization at its core. D can produce Curs in a fair system for the data or services shared.
USSD Transactions: provide unlimited global access by utilizing technology for everyone. And low-cost health care alternatives.
With our very lightweight mobile application, you can manage everything. And anyone who has a smartphone and internet connection can participate in our global network.

Token info

Token CUR

Platform Ethereum

Type ERC20

PreICO price 1 CUR = 0.3 USD

Price in ICO 0.4500 USD

Tokens for sale 200,000,000

Token Total supplay 500,000,000

Investment info

Min. investment 100 USD

Accepting ETH, BTC, LTC, BCH

Distributed in ICO 40%

Soft cap 5,000,000 USD

Hard cap 15,000,000 USD

Cura is a blockchain based health system made up of entities that collaborate and share data amongst themselves in order to restore, promote, and maintain health in the world. By integrating blockchain technology, the Cura Network seeks to improve universal healthcare through its unified platform that powers a wide variety of health services.

The Cura Network will unite patients, providers, specialists, and application developers in a blockchain ecosystem that aims at making the healthcare industry and health transactions efficient, secure, reliable, and fast.

My BitCointalk profile:;u=103807

Publication author

offline 3 weeks

Comments: 0Publics: 82Registration: 31-07-2018
Войти с помощью:
Войти с помощью:
Password generation


Futurism is powered by Vocal creators. You support Matt Cates by reading, sharing and tipping stories... more

Futurism is powered by Vocal.

How does Vocal work?

How do I join Vocal?

To learn more about Vocal, visit our resources.

Show less

Best Hard Sci-Fi Books

The best hard sci-fi books walk the line of reality and fiction.

Fans of the sci-fi genre have been known to be… picky. Sure, we want our trail mix of starships, androids, cleverly disguised social commentary, “big thought-provoking ideas,” and snappy banter from severely conflicted cyborg characters. We also want, somewhere in the middle, an enormous, spacey McGuffin to keep the plot moving at warp speed. But all that’s a given; That’s the minimum essential goods. What most discerning fans demand is a level of authenticity; We want to know exactly “how” that tractor beam works, “how” that near-light speed engine runs, “how” that police telephone booth is really bigger on the inside. In other words, we want an author who knows what they’re talking about when it comes to the techy stuff—even if that stuff is totally imaginary! And not just Wookiepedia-level knowledge, either. Basically we want a genuine physicist like Michio Kaku whispering into the writer’s ear, telling them how all this stuff could, theoretically, work. Hard sci-fi answers these questions with its emphasis on technical accuracy and scientific detail.

The Stars My Destination by Alfred Bester

The Stars My Destination from Alfred Bester launches with its hard luck protagonist, Gully Foyle, trapped and adrift on a dead vessel named Nomad. Foyle’s not too bright, but he’s able to survive the attack which crippled the ship, then cling to life for half a year before his rescue. Unfortunately, Foyle’s life doesn’t get any better when he’s “rescued” (aka kidnapped) by a “cargo cult” which tattoos his whole face—with tiger stripes! Escaping the cult, he’s taken for interrogation by the powerful Presteign, the Nomad’s rightful owner… who very much wants to learn what happened to the ship’s precious “PyrE” cargo (which is needed to turn the tide in an ongoing war effort). Bester’s grungy, pulp speculative fiction tale of revenge has been lauded for its early use of such concepts of psionics and teleportation (“jaunting,” as it is called—a term Stephen King borrowed for his own short story, “The Jaunt”). The novel also explores real life phenomena such as synesthesia, a very rare condition by which a person’s sensory experience may stimulate a normally unrelated sense or cognition (such as a person who sees numbers as colors). Not the first hard sci-fi novel, The Stars My Destination nonetheless broke the mold in terms of its raw, pre-cyberpunk style.

Mars trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson

Meticulously detailing two centuries of terraforming Mars? Novels that can do that must certainly be considered hard sci-fi! But a novel trilogy that can do it while still entertaining the reader is a rarity indeed. Kim Stanley Robinson pulls it off in Red Mars, Green Mars, and Blue Mars. By focusing the stories around the troubled lives of the terraformers themselves, the award-winning books have still managed to sneak in ample exploration not only of sociological concepts but, more to the point here, very hard-hitting science. Genetically-engineered plant life and bacteria designed to survive the harsh climate of Mars and to build an atmosphere? Check. Genetically-altered beasts of burden, built to help the planetary ecosystem evolve? Check. Genetically-tweaked humans who can live longer, breathe in the thinner atmosphere, and see in dimmer light… you guessed it! Big check. Robinson went to great lengths to describe the application of all these theoretical technological advances, to bring them as much to life as the colonists brought life to the (formerly) red planet!

Ringworld by Larry Niven

According to Larry Niven, by the year 2850 someone will have built a flat, artificial “world” comprised of a ring 600 million miles in circumference, around a (relatively) small star. Taking this fascinating, though perhaps overly-ambitious, concept with a grain of salt, Ringworld lets us tag along with the 200 year old Louis Gridley Wu as he embarks on a mission of exploration. But if accidents are frequent with real world space travel, you can predict they’re going to happen even more often in novels… which why the Lying Bastard crashes smack into the Ringworld upon arrival! Finding themselves trapped, the crew must discover the lost secrets of the civilization they find inhabiting the Ringworld, for most of said creatures don’t even remember that they live on an artificial surface.

Offering a truly endless plethora of plausible far-future gadgetry and scientific notions such as hyperspace shunts, stasis fields, brain-stimulating tasps, Boosterspice, and impact armor to name only a handful, Ringworld (and its subsequent other “Known Space” sequels) is a fan favorite when it comes to imaginative hard sci-fi… once you get past the idea of what genre junkies label the “Big Dumb Object” of the Ringworld itself.

Grand Tour by Ben Bova

Ben Bova must surely have carpel tunnel after typing this encyclopedic series! With an inventory too expansive to list here, we’ll summarize the collection of novels as follows: Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Mercury, Saturn… hopefully you’ve spotted the trend in his book titles. But don’t let the simple titles fool you; The Grand Tour series is a grand endeavor indeed, in fact one unmatched in terms of the space colonization theme. With a couple handfuls of recurring characters and organizational entities exhibiting varying degrees of hospitality and hostility (Humphries Space System, Global Economic Council, International Green Party, to give you a taste of the names), Bova isn’t shy about exploring religious themes in-depth as well (his future features many new Daoist and Islamic movements). But certainly the star of the series is the very solar system itself, as colonists venture out further into the wilderness of space seeking other forms of life… and interestingly enough, signs of such life, either current or long extinct, are generally found right in our own backyard of celestial bodies. Because otherwise what would be the point of 22 novels?

Tau Zero by Poul Anderson

So you like your sci-fi ideas big? Me, too, and Tau Zero delivers the goods in spades! Poul Anderson takes his space colonization crew and, rather than taking the standard tactic of either crashing them or safely landing them on their destination, he recklessly chooses to introduce a third option—damage the ship in such a way that it cannot even slow down enough to land anywhere. The Leonora Christine was only supposed to be gone for five years (their time), or, due to time dilation, 33 Earth years. As it happens, their Bussard ramjet engines sustain grave damage, and cannot be shut down nor repaired… at least, not in this galaxy! With no choice but to seek a safer region of space to attempt repairs, the crew makes the fateful decision to keep going, leaving the Milky Way—and any hopes of ever returning to Earth—far back in their rearview mirror. But the far space they find themselves in doesn’t contain enough matter for them to decelerate, either… meanwhile, the ship continues to accelerate as they creep up on the speed of light, eventually traversing billions of years within the span of a few moments. With a title you need a physics degree to even understand, Tau Zero guarantees to take you on one helluva ride… you just might never get dropped back off, is all.

Use of Weapons by Iain Banks

Iain M. Banks’ 1990 novel Use of Weapons was born with such a convoluted narrative structure that the author had to shelve the first draft for years. As he put it, one would have to “think in six dimensions” to comprehend the plot of his space opera. Luckily the final cut only requires half that! With two story arcs moving along opposing timelines to meet in the middle, the reader is kept guessing as they unearth the twisted account of Cheradenine Zakalwe, in one timeline the commander of an army in a time of civil war, and a Special Circumstances operative in the other. Use of Weapons features an “anarchist utopian” society known as the Culture, whose scientific and technological achievements place it in a unique position to dominate other societies (benevolently, of course). Artificial intelligence (a given, perhaps), matter and energy manipulation, nanotech, teleportation, warp drives, even personality “backups”—these are child’s play to the Culture, which is featured in several of Banks’ novels, and allows him to show off his own uncanny ability to extrapolate current tech trends and predict the potential outcomes in his series.

The Martian by Andy Weir

Like many authors, Andy Weir was mired in rejections from publishers, and decided to put out The Martian as a self-published Amazon Kindle book. Against the odds, the gamble worked and the book sold 35,000 copies (at .99 cents apiece, he likely netted $12,000 in profits). This made the publishers sit up and lick their lips, and Weir was able to make a $100,000 deal with Crown. Soon the heavily-researched and realistic space mission to Mars novel landed on The New York Times bestseller list; The movie rights were snatched up by 20th Century Fox. A true Cinderella story in actuality, The Martian’s literary hero sadly isn’t so charmed. Astronaut Mark Watney’s crew left his believed-dead body on Mars as they escaped a lethal storm. As Watney is left to figure out how to survive in the barren wastes, NASA meanwhile realizes their blunder and plans a rescue attempt. Ultimately re-establishing communications with the stranded engineer, both rescue crew and Watney himself risk life and limb to bring home the “Martian.”

Foundation Series by Isaac Asimov

Hari Seldon is a smart guy. So smart, in fact, the Trantorian math professor created a system he calls “psychohistory” to predict the fates of billions across the galaxy… so long as they aren’t aware they’re being watched and analyzed, that is. In Isaac Asimov’s wildly influential Foundation series Seldon predicts, in a collected series of short stories, the rise and fall of the Galactic Empire. No big deal. Not content merely to observe, the professor maps his own 1,000 year plan to replace the doomed Foundation as it struggles against crisis upon crisis. Based on his readings of the Roman Empire, and influenced by his studies of chemistry and social sciences, Asimov considered his expansive tale to be “the struggle between free will and determinism.” According to his thesis, if science could predict the mass behavior of molecules, it should also be able to work out the fates of human societies on a grand scale. To this end, the Foundation stories seek to reveal the very fundamental (or “foundational,” if you will) laws of human nature itself… but against the backdrop of the sparkling cosmos.

Revelation Space by Alastair Reynolds

Alastair Reynolds’ Revelation Space ranks not only in our Best Hard Sci-Fi books, but also in the "Most Terrifying Sci-Fi Books"! Space archeologist Dan Sylveste is a wanted man; He’s got a crew looking for his medical expertise and a killer paid to take him out. But Sylveste is also a busy man; He’s after the mysterious reason for the death of the Amarantins, a 900,000 year old civilization! Onboard a “lighthugger” ship, the Nostalgia for Infinity, Sylveste is convinced by one of the crew—Ilia Volyova—to assist her with their dying captain. Meanwhile the murderous Ana Khouri bides his time to carry out the assassination of the archeologist as the ship nears the planet of Resurgam, home of the extinct ancient civilization Sylveste is studying. But a far worse nemesis than Khouri awaits him and the rest of the crew… the very entity responsible for the Amarantin’s demise, and possibly untold more deaths. With the author’s doctorate degree in Astronomy and work experience at the European Space Agency, Reynolds doesn’t have to prove his street cred to anybody, but for any doubters the hard science of this novel will turn anyone into a believer.

The Forever War by Joe Haldeman

Joe Haldeman may be the only author on this list with a Purple Heart from his Army days. Clearly his time in Vietnam influenced his writing, as he worked through the renowned University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. Haldeman is best known for The Forever War, about a war between mankind and an alien race called the Taurans. The hero, William Mandella, signs up with the service but barely survives the somewhat lethal training environments new recruits are run through. Returning home from a quite lopsided victory against the Taurons, Mandella and his peers discover that, due to the time dilation effects of their interstellar adventures, decades have passed on Earth and they no longer fit into the society which has changed in their absence. Volunteering for further missions, Mandella continues to leapfrog ahead of his fellow humans until he becomes the longest surviving combat troop in the war… despite his actually being a pacifist! Intriguing in its method of tackling and critiquing wars in general, The Forever War is also heavily-laden with believably-crafted technology. After all, Haldeman isn’t only a writer; He’s also a professor at MIT.

Rendezvous with Rama by Arthur C. Clarke

One of my personal favorites from childhood, Arthur C. Clarke’s Rendezvous with Rama features yet another “Big Dumb Object,” in this case a mysterious, 30-plus mile long cylindrical spaceship with no one onboard. Much of the book covers the discovery of this odd object in space, as it passes Jupiter, then Mars. The survey ship Endeavour is in close enough range to attempt a rendezvous with the cylinder as it approaches the orbit of Venus. But as the ships meet and the Earthly crew enters “Rama,” its ominous mysteries only multiply. Within the hollow vessel are building structures, and even a vast Cylindrical Sea… but still no life forms. The whole place appears to be a ghost town floating aimlessly through the cosmos. Without giving too much away, it is safe to say that Rama retains its enigma status—and thus sustains the novel’s suspense—until the very end. While some have criticized the book for being too technical and “realistic,” it stands apart in the respect that it offers the reader a genuine feel of awe and wonder at the discovery of an alien object, the first signs that mankind might not be alone in the universe. It’s that sense of childlike wonder which most similar genre novels take for granted.

The Demolished Man by Alfred Bester

With Professor X of the X-Men, and so many other telepathic characters running around the world of fiction, we often forget there once was a time such literary persons were a rarity. But in 1953, rare they were—and so The Demolished Man stood as somewhat groundbreaking when it was published. In it, there is a class system of “Espers,” people with various degrees of extrasensory perceptive abilities. Most can only read minds; A few—the “middle class”—can see into the pre-conscious domain of others’ thoughts. But reserved for the highest class of Espers are all the positions of authority. Police and government workers hire only the best; how else to maintain control of all the others? Nonetheless the story stars a wealthy psychopath named Ben Reich who pairs off against a rival he intends to kill—but only if he can keep the mind-reading cops off his tail long enough! If not, the unexplained fate of “demolition” awaits him… whatever horrors that might entail! An enlightening blend of sci-fi and crime storytelling, Bester’s world-building, ultra-detailed riff on the hard-boiled detective novel is ripe with unsettling psychological overtones and more than enough advanced sci-fi concepts to keep those neurons firing!

Now Reading
Best Hard Sci-Fi Books
Read Next
Jupiter the Red Giant


Weston Roundtable Series: Climate resiliency planning and buildings: Lessons from the field

Climate resiliency is an important strategy in sustainability planning. However, today’s buildings are designed to operate in the future using weather data from the past. Research suggests that predicted energy savings from green buildings may be significantly different than actual building performance in coming years due to the changing climate.

Douglas Ahl, director of research at Seventhwave, will provide case studies and research findings on the impact of climate on efficient technology choices and building energy use. He will also share feedback from a wide variety of stakeholders on their understanding and opinons about climate and clean energy.


# Relevance Relevance is a smart tab organizer for Chrome, written in ClojureScript. It’ll create a natural arrangement where the tabs you have spent the longest on, which are expected to be the most relevant, are placed first, and the ones you haven’t read at all are shunted to the end of your list. [You can read more about it here](https://numergent.com/relevance/), which includes a changelog. This is Relevance 1.1.0-SNAPSHOT. # Building ## Development To get a development build, run ``` lein chromebuild auto ``` You'll find the result in `target/unpacked/`, which you'll need to install into Chrome using developer mode. ## Release To get the release version, run ``` lein clean lein with-profile release chromebuild zip ``` # Testing Relevance uses `doo` for running ClojureScript tests. I normally use `phantomjs`, but you can use it with the [environment of your choice](https://github.com/bensu/doo#setting-up-environments). We can't test the entire application externally, since a lot of its API depend on Chrome functions being present (which only happens when you're running as a Chrome extension). You can however test the general functions running: ``` lein with-profile test doo ``` # Development ## Continuous integration I'm using [Gitlab CI](https://gitlab.com/ricardojmendez/relevance/pipelines) to test Relevance. [![build status](https://gitlab.com/Numergent/relevance/badges/develop/build.svg)](https://gitlab.com/Numergent/relevance/commits/develop) I've had some issues with Travis builds failing to get dependencies, so I decided to deprecate it. ## Process I'm using [git-flow](http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/). Pull requests are welcome. Please base them off the `develop` branch. ## Version number conventions Relevance uses [break versioning](https://github.com/ptaoussanis/encore/blob/master/BREAK-VERSIONING.md). The development version on `project.clj` will reflect the current state of the code, and will normally include SNAPSHOT. I can't update the package version from `manifest.json` to include alphanumerics, so that version will remain as the last public until I'm nearing a release (or need to test a data migration). # License Includes pixeden's [iOS 7 vector icons](http://themes-pixeden.com/font-demos/7-stroke/). Relevance is (c) 2016-2017 Numergent Limited, and released under the [MIT License](https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license).


ALERT: Datto Drive Cloud service will no longer be available as of June 1, 2019. To migrate to Datto Workplace, contact your Sales Executive. To learn how to download your Datto Drive cloud data, please visit this article.

Datto Networking: Why are Client Isolation and Roaming VLANs not compatible with each other?

When Roaming VLAN and Client Isolation are enabled, and the network has repeaters, a banner will display advising that Roaming VLANs and Client Isolation are not compatible.

This is due to how traffic is handled when it is isolated, routed over Roaming VLANs and then sent over the wireless mesh. This will eventually result in client traffic becoming blocked in one direction. Most frequently this results in a client device failing to receive an IP address when connecting to a repeater.

Since this behavior is not related to an actual bug, but is instead inherent to each features design, the only workaround at this time is to ensure both features are not enabled at the same time.

For most networks turning off Roaming VLANs is recommended, as typically roaming is less of a concern compared to security concerns that might arise from turning off Client Isolation. It can be easily turned off under Configure -> Advanced -> Roaming VLANs.

Client Isolation is a per-SSID setting. If turning off Client Isolation, ensure it is turned off on all SSIDs.

We are investigating alternative roaming solutions that would be compatible with Client Isolation, but there is no current estimate as to when those solutions may become available.

 Example of turning off Roaming VLANs under Configure -> Advanced.

Was this article helpful?

0 out of 0 found this helpful

You must sign in before voting on this article.

Want to talk about it? Have a feature request?

Head on over to our Community Forum or get live help.


For companies that implement certain programs and scripting languages, such as PHP, MySQL, or Perl in combination with other software programs, Linux VPS hosting is an excellent option. JaguarPC’s VPS hosting services are especially beneficial for small to medium-sized businesses. Through a VPS, you and your company will enjoy a secure, affordable, and fully scalable pool of resources.
It can varies a lot from VPS hosts to hosts. This can be a little confusing because unfortunately many hosting providers differ in their definition of “managed hosting”, and some providers have “semi-managed hosting”. So if you’ve determined that you need a managed VPS (which is positively the way to go if you are not comfortable with running a Linux server), you must contact your potential VPS service providers for the details or look at the specific tasks that your managed provider will and will not perform.
OpenVZ virtualization is an OS level container-based virtualization, and it has resources that are divided between users on a physical server. Each container acts like a stand-alone virtual server and can be accessed with a root (SSH) connection. As a separate server container can be rebooted separately, it also has a dedicated IP address, shared RAM, individual processes, files, applications, system libraries and configuration files. On OpenVZ, the kernel cannot be modified. It has its stable version and modules cannot be added. The good thing regarding this virtualization is a faster performance, and a lower need of resources.
Self-Managed VPS customers have to make sure everything works the way they configure them and perform updates themselves. Obviously, this is not a job for novice users. It is probably not even a job for someone who does not feel comfortable managing services and scripts themselves. If in doubt, you should probably stick with a Managed VPS product and focus, instead, on growing your business and optimizing your site.


In the largest cross-cultural survey ever conducted, a team of anthropologists from the University of Oxford has determined seven moral rules they suggest are universal. Based on the examination of ethnographic accounts from 60 different societies the research concludes that while morality may not necessarily be innate, every single culture analyzed seems to be ruled by the same moral precepts.

The research hinges on a long-hypothesized idea arguing human morality is fundamentally driven to promote cooperative behavior. This suggests the moral valence of any action is determined by its social outcomes. So a morally "good" action can be defined as one that benefits cooperative behaviors that serve the collective.

In order to empirically examine this hypothesis, three Oxford anthropologists looked at the prominence of seven cooperative behaviors across 60 different societies. They discovered that these seven factors seem universally related to seven corresponding moral beliefs.

"The debate between moral universalists and moral relativists has raged for centuries, but now we have some answers," explains Oliver Scott Curry, lead author on the study. "People everywhere face a similar set of social problems, and use a similar set of moral rules to solve them. As predicted, these seven moral rules appear to be universal across cultures. Everyone everywhere shares a common moral code. All agree that cooperating, promoting the common good, is the right thing to do."

The seven moral rules seen in every culture studied ultimately come down to:

  • family values
  • group loyalty
  • reciprocity
  • bravery
  • respect
  • fairness
  • property rights

For example, recognition of prior ownership, or property rights, is an attribute that is valued in every studied culture. Maybe more commonly considered in Christian cultures as "Thou shalt not steal", the acceptance of respecting other's private property seems to be universally regarded as a moral good.

Another example comes with the moral rule of social reciprocation. This moral foundation underpins the idea of reciprocal altruism, or simply put, treating others how you would like to be treated. This precept, again seen in all the studied cultures, manifests in a positive valuation of behaviors such as trusting others, expressing gratitude and making amends. Curry suggests this work highlights how fundamentally similar all our human beliefs are, even when our cultural divisions seem massive and insurmountable.

"Morality is always and everywhere a cooperative phenomenon," Curry writes. "Appreciating this fundamental fact about human nature could help promote mutual understanding between people of different cultures, and so help to make the world a better place."

Of course, if you have read this far you may be quite reasonably questioning whether something so deeply philosophical as morality can reasonably be empirically honed down into a list of seven simple rules. The new study does itself suggest that while all seven of these moral rules are consistently positively valued across all cultures, there is certainly variation in how each society prioritizes each rule.

Philosopher Massimo Pigliucci suggests simplifying morality to just a byproduct of cooperative behavior is not only reductive, but entirely unwarranted. He cites several situations where abiding by these specific rules may not be the most moral action. One of his examples considers the rule of respecting private property. In an age where the world is plummeting towards a giant division between those in poverty and multibillionaires, Pigliucci asks whether it is morally good to respect the rights of those who hoard massive volumes of resources.

"But surely we should respect other people's property," Pigliucci writes. "Well, it depends. If it is acquired unethically, even if legally, no, I don't think there is any such moral requirement. If your wealth is both disproportionate and arrived at by exploiting others (and let's be frank, if it is the former, it can hardly not be the latter), then it is just and fair to pass laws to relieve you of much of that burden, through proportional taxation, for instance."

Certainly this new study raises much to muse on. While these anthropologists seem sure they are close to determining a universal set of moral rules that transcends specific cultures, this is not the end but inevitably just another chapter in an eternal debate.

The new study was published in the journal Current Anthropology.


Sandy Smith has been an elementary school teacher and music teacher for over 15 years. She has raised two brilliant daughters and enjoys volunteering for various causes and organizations. Sandy has written dozens of stories and poems including Heaven is Forever and If You’re a Dog, Bark!

view style:
View: 12 24 ALL


eye strain
When you are a student, reading course material and spending hours in front of a computer are inescapable realities. But unfortunately, these present major eye strain issues that can make it more difficult for you to see as time goes on. So what can you do to reduce eye strain? You obviously cannot ditch your computer and use a typewriter like they did way back when. However, while it is impossible to avoid computer eye strain altogether, there are strategies you can employ that can minimize the eye strain risks during your studies.
Blog category:
The use of movement

Contemporary humans live in so convenient for laziness time. By this I mean washing machines, dish washers, vacuum cleaners, cars, food delivery services, and multicookers. Even shopping, chatting, and entertaining you can do without moving from your sofa. The Internet helps you. Of course, this progress is great and makes our lives much easier, but at the same time, we become couch potatoes adapted for nothing but sitting and lying.

Blog category:
Looking for motivation

Have you ever found yourself in a situation when you don’t know what to write about when you need to fulfill some creative task? Or have you ever experienced writer’s block? I bet that almost every one of us has a similar situation being at a loss of what to do/ write/ create next.

In this article, you will find a list of tips that may help you improve your creative thinking.
Blog category:
Beautiful hair

The vast majority of women aren’t satisfied with their hair condition. They are dreaming about a personal hairstylist or colorist (better both), everyday well-groomed hairdo, and perfect manageable locks. Though, most of such dreams end when we realize how much money one should spend on oils, masks, conditioners, shampoos, and sprays. NONSENSE! There is a bunch of affordable hair care tips you can follow outside a beauty salon. Learn simple rules concerning your hair treatment that will make it shiny and glossy.

Blog category:


Your search term isn't long enough.

Musa Starseed

Musa Starseed is an accredited documentary filmmaker, teacher, mentor, musician and artist living currently in Boulder, Colorado.

Submit a proposal
Musa Starseed

How I Survived Racism In America

Musa Starseed

The true story of how I was falsely identified & accused of a strong arm robbery, taken off the street, and put in jail only to be released when detectives ...


Search Query Syntax

The Rumble Inventory and Export functionality support arbitrary search queries to filter assets. The queries can be combined to create powerful automation using the Rumble asset dataset. Search queries can be combined through AND and OR operators, but all queries are considered part of the same group.

For example, a query of os:"Windows 10" AND protocols:http AND protocols:smb2 will show only those assets where Windows 10 was identified and both SMB and a web server were discovered. Search values that contain spaces must be placed in double quotes.

By contrast, the example query of os:"Windows 10" AND protocols:http OR protocols:smb2 will search for Windows 10 running a web server or any assets with the SMB service exposed.

In addition to AND and OR, the NOT operator can be used to filter a query. For example, the query os:"Windows 10" AND NOT protocols:http will show Windows 10 systems without a web server. If the negation should happen as the first term the AND should be dropped. The query NOT protocol:http AND os:"Windows 10" is equivalent to the previous search, with the terms reversed.

Search Keywords

Field Keywords Notes
Operating System os
Type type
Hardware hw, hardware
Hostnames hostname, name, names
Domains domain, domains
Comments comment, comments
Addresses address, addresses, ip, addr, host Searches both primary and secondary addresses
Protocols protocol, protocols
Products product, products
MACs mac, macs
MAC Vendors mac-vendor, vendor
Ports port Searches both TCP and UDP ports
TCP Port tcp
UDP Port udp
Credentials cred, creds, community
Services services Searches raw service response data, extremely slow, may be removed in future releases
Attributes attr, attribute, attributes
Tags tag, tags
Alive alive, online Boolean (t, 1, yes or f, 0, no)
Offline offline, dead Boolean (t, 1, yes or f, 0, no). Inverse of Alive.
Detected By det, detected-by Typically arp, icmp, tcp-[PORT], or udp-[PORT]
Multihome multihome Assets with more than one address. Boolean (t, 1, yes or f, 0, no)
MultiMAC multimac Assets with more than one MAC address. Boolean (t, 1, yes or f, 0, no)
MultiName multiname Assets with more than one hostname. Boolean (t, 1, yes or f, 0, no)
HasMAC hasmac Assets with at least one MAC address. Boolean (t, 1, yes or f, 0, no)


Hayden’s Dilemma – Teristaque Chronicles 7

HaydensDilemmaHello there friends, Romans, countrymen, and countrywomen (its not a guy/girl thing)! As you know, I had to take some time off to recover from a bad injury (I still got two more weeks to go before I can put weight on the leg. Then there is time learning how to walk again! Oh the joy!).

During the recovery time, I kept myself busy with some writing projects including the 7th story in my short story series the Teristaque Chronicles. Don’t worry. Robin Hood of Couches is still forthcoming, I just decided that in between the Kickstarter and now, I wanted to do a little more rewriting. But my plan is still July of this year, so stay tuned for that book because it’s the next on my list.

In the meantime, enjoy Hayden’s Dilemma over here. And as always, if you want to help out, the best way to help independent artists is by leaving reviews or telling a friend. For the Teristaque Chronicles, it’s easy to tell a friend because the first story is free.

Thank you all for your support!

PS: ORION is going to be on sale for 99 cents from 3/31/19-4/7/19! That book happens to be one of my personal favorites.

The Teristaque Chronicles Part 6

Grannork's BurdenThe wait for new material is finally over! Grannork’s Burden will drop 12/31/17. If you want to get it in the wee hours of the last day of the year, it’s up for preorder. In this installment, you’ll get to see how Grannork ended in a Teristaque prison, and Kal will find out some vital information about her father.

That’s not all. If you need to catch up with the entire series, the Teristaque Chronicles Datapack 1 will be on sale for 99 cents from 12/28/17-1/2/18. The first datapack includes the first five stories of the series. Here’s the description of Part 6:

After stealing a Teristaque prototype, the entire galaxy is out to get Kal and her crew. Grannork’s brother, Tretkik, makes his presence known as a player on the galactic stage, by sending an armada of warships to settle the bad blood between them. Kal won’t let the family discord take down the best gunner in the Milky Way. Not that she isn’t struggling with issues of her own as Maker devises a DNA test that may settle the question of her parentage once and for all.

The free story will be The Government Shutdown 12/28/17-12/30/17.

AI Created This Demotivational Poster

The above image was created by an AI attempting to make motivational images. I thought it was creepy and pretty relevant to a story idea I had, so I thought I’d share it with all of you. You’ll hear about that story here first. In the meantime, here are the deals for August.

The dystopian novel Atmospheric Pressure is on sale for only 99 cents August 3rd-7th. I am very close to finishing the first draft of the sequel to the book, so this is a great way to get caught up with the series.

I also have four free stories for you. The first two stories are an epic space opera series and can be found here:

Kal’s Fall
Kal’s Truth (Limited Time Only)

Also the first two stories of the time travel comedy Sperm Donor for a Cosmic Paradox:

Sperm Donor for a Cosmic Paradox

Customer Service Scientist (Limited Time Only)

Enjoy, and don’t forget to leave a review. They really help me out.

Even More Free Books!

I’m giving away Kal’s Fall (The First Teristaque Chronicles story) away for free on instaFreebie. The best part is that there are over 20 Space Opera stories that you can get during the promotion. So head over to the link below and get them all!

20 Free Space Operas

If you want the first five stories of the Teristaque Chronicles in one collection, go here.

The Teristaque Chronicles

audiobookcoverviThe first volume of the collected Teristaque Chronicles is now out on audiobook. For those who’ve been following Spiral, you’ll recognize a lot of songs from many different albums. There’s even some of my wife’s stunning violin solo work.

The Teristaque Chronicles are a set of short stories that I’ve been writing to get my fix of Space Opera. I plan to write more in the series so be on the look out for future installments. For now, enjoy the audiobook. You can listen to a sample and download the whole book here.

Here’s the description: Kal has always been considered too fragile to participate in the village activities. Her lithe stature seems to link her to her father, and distance her from everyone else. He left the village to fight in the Teristaque Wars and never returned. She meets Sarge, a strange star species of the human race who seems to know the secret of the patch from her father’s uniform. Kal has always known she is different from her fellow villagers, and finally, she may be closer to finding out why.

You’re still here? Have a free download of the first Teristaque Chronicle story: Kal’s Fall.

The Teristaque Chronicles

TC-EbookThis year has been quite an adventure for my writing. Even though I just released a book last April, I’m going to release another one on July, 5th. The Teristaque Chronicles Volume I is a space adventure story in the vein of Star Trek. It’s up for pre-order now, so get your copy by following the link above. The book includes the first five short stories in one book, so it’s a great deal.

The Teristaque Chronicles is an ongoing writing project where I’ve been writing parts to a larger series in small novelettes rather than releasing a book. Eventually, each character in the series will have their own stories. Some advance the overall plot, others are just backstory to a particular character. Here’s a description of the first story:

Kal’s Revenge (Teristaque Chronicles 4)

It’s been a while since I’ve updated this space. The 4th story in the Kal series is out, and I have a teaser below. The 5th story is still in the works and should come soon. I have some big exciting news that I will share pretty soon, but for now enjoy Kal’s Revenge.

One more item before the story, the Playlist of the Ancient Dead kindle edition is only a dollar right now, and it won’t be for long. I suggest getting it now rather than later.

K-RevengeKal tapped the light display on her forearm. The countdown displayed 4:53. The seconds seemed to go down quicker when the cold vacuum of space threatened to devour her if the timing wasn’t perfect.

“Damn it, Hayden. Where are you?” She yelled at the airlock door between her and the void.

She stood on what would be considered the ceiling of a tiny airlock in the belly of a Tricore deep space mining vessel. However, ceiling was a relative term because she was in a Zero G zone, which was helpful because she was about to hand deliver several large crates a Teristaque Mech would struggle to carry. They were drifting in a carbon nanotube mesh sack that she had used to haul them to the airlock.

The vessel, a Tricore class A0C1H7, was almost entirely automated. It would travel through the most outer reaches of space with a solar sail on one side collecting starlight to power the ship. The other side of the sail collected space dust. Since almost every element floated through space from some long forgotten super nova explosion, the ship collected the raw materials that kept Tricore a leading supplier of replicator cartridges essential for every space faring culture.

The space dust caught on the collection end of the solar sail would eventually make its way down to the center through micro vibrations created from the interstellar wind. It was a genius design. In the center of the craft, an automated refinery separated the material into its elemental components. Then they were packed in to ready-to-be-used cartridges for small to medium sized spaceships. A nearby ship in desperate need of supply would dock and purchase a cartridge for a price a dying man would pay a warlord for water, and the A01CH7 would generate gobs of money for being one of the only deep space pit stops.

The crew of the Tricore vessel was only seven people, and four of them were advanced robotic repair crews who kept the refinery going. The other three would keep the ship from breaking down, and repaired the solar sail when the occasional asteroid would tear a hole in the thin material. They all acted as a flight crew. None of the men and women on board the long-term deep space vessel were responsible for security. In fact, there were no weapons on board. They had no reason for protection when they would never see the customers. A ship desperate enough to do business with a Tricore vessel, wouldn’t even see the crew as the transaction was entirely automated. The customers would dock, pay a fee, and find an airlock full of goods minutes later. Kal had no intention of paying for her goods.

It was an ideal target for a robbery had Tricore not been a Teristaque owned and operated company. The Teristaque, who called themselves humans, were one of the most brutal races in the galaxy. They enforced swift and decisive punishment, especially for deep space thieves. A pirate looking to score some replicator materials from an unarmed vessel would be on the wanted list of one of the largest armadas in the galaxy. Only the suicidal and the stupid robbed a Tricore vessel, especially because every approaching ship was carefully logged. The logs were then transmitted to the Teristaque network in the event a pirate’s reach be longer than their wit.

Six of the crates taking up most of the space in the airlock were Tricore Solution Number 3, a mix which supplied an average twenty person vessel with replicator supplies for about a month per crate. Kal’s vessel would use about half that, so the crates surrounded by her carbon mesh netting would last about year or so. However, six crates from an A0C1H7 was small in comparison to what she could have scored from the vessel, but a heist that could be misconstrued as inventory error was a much more desirable outcome than her vessel being tagged as an enemy of the Teristaque Empire, or as humans said (because humans under exaggerated their terror), The United Planets of Earth. Six crates would be enough to refuel with the five-finger discount, but not enough to do any more than confuse a crew and maybe earn one of them a chewing out from a superior. It was that seventh crate that was too intriguing to leave it in the possession of the Teristaques.

A day before Kal found herself in an airlock waiting for Hayden. She found herself waiting for Hayden in a different capacity. Grannork, Seayolar, Maker, Haath-Nlo, and the couple other prisoners who decided to stay after their escape from the Fendpaake Asteroid Mining Prison were all waiting for Hayden. Grannork, who was an Orcandu with a foul temper like most Orcandus, was the first to vent his misgivings. “I will hoist Hayden by his entrails if he takes any longer.”

“Then you wouldn’t have any more of my delicious SPAM cakes,” Hayden said as he brought a steaming dish of canned meat products arranged as circular patties, stacked in a pyramid shape. He sent the tray down in the center of the mess hall table and everyone took a few patties, where as Grannork took a mound.

While the SPAM was decent considering they had run out of raw carbon for their replicator a week ago, it was nothing like a fresh banjer from back home. The memory of Kal’s village seemed like it was out of the distant past, even though it was a little less than two years ago. She had almost forgotten what her mother looked like. It didn’t happen overnight. It was subtle. During her months in prison and the year they had spent petty thieving in the stolen vessel of Dr. Feslerk, she thought about her mother less and less. Soon she forgot what it was like when her mother smiled, when she sang, and when she laughed. The only image that remained was her mother’s face contorted as she died under the fire of the Teristaque. She cried the morning when she couldn’t remember the sound of her mother’s song.

When they first broke free of the prison, they took inventory of the vessel. There was a lot of scientific equipment and experiments from the mad doctor. Since Haath-Nlo, her crippled insectiod cellmate from prison, had interspecies medical training, he was able to help them figure what they could sell and what they could keep. After they sold a bulk of the equipment, they cut the leaving prisoners their share and the rest decided to stay onboard.

Kal had found herself in command of the group not because she was qualified to lead a band of space pirates, but more because she was the one who always stepped up to make a decision when no one else would. She was also the one who had ideas when the fence who bought their medical equipment asked them about a job. She never called herself captain, but it was Maker who said it first, and the nickname stuck.

Ever since she fell into the role of captain, she reserved all her tears for the shower. In prison, she did everything to fight back tears. The inmates would serve her for all three meals if they saw her crying. Once she was out. It was like all the bottled emotion exploded from her. She mourned the loss of her village for the first time. However, she suffered in silence. To the rest of the crew, she was confident and capable. They didn’t know she was falling apart on the inside. She didn’t even talk with Hayden, who was human, and despite their feared reputation, seemed to always want to negotiate peace between the crew.

Hayden was the only Teristaque member of the crew. Through persistence, and grudging acceptance on Grannork’s part, he convinced the crew to start using the word human at least in reference to him. Since Grannork’s clan had been all but wiped out by the Teristaques, the hulking Orcandu seemed to have a personal quest to kill all humans on sight, Hayden being one of the only exceptions. Half of Hayden’s job, aside from piloting the ship was advocating on behalf of the humans. It was a little beyond most of the crew to discern the difference between a human who was a part of the corrupted government system bought and paid for by the interstellar corporations, and a human who was just trying to eke out a living for themselves.

Hayden also worked his way into Kal’s sleeping quarters. The attraction to Hayden wasn’t a surprise because of her half-human DNA. They both were attractive and liked each other. The surprise was that Kal had existed at all. Very few alien species were compatible sexually speaking. Even on the off chance that two species who evolved on different worlds had similar enough physiology for the desire for sex to occur, it was rare when a child could be conceived. Most interspecies couples used advance scientific methods to create offspring. A half human and half Nigramotoian natural birth was rare.

After breaking free from the prison, Kal had contemplated going to her homeworld of Nigramoto several times to gain insight into her origins, however, the trip would be a suicide mission since her planet had the largest army of Teristaques in the entire galaxy. The decrand coming from the planets core was worth more than half the UPE’s worth. Since everyone in her vessel were escapees from a Teristaque prison, going to Nigramoto was too risky for just information. Even though they had secured fake IDs and could dock on Teristaque stations, she couldn’t justify the trip. She had to hold out for a day when a job would lead her home.

Sarge, another escapee from the prison, who got her into this mess in the first place ended up on Nigramoto. Kal had a suspicion that he had information about her origin. It seemed like more than a coincidence that of all villages, he ended up skulking about hers. Both Hayden and Kal knew Sarge was up to something on the planet, but they didn’t know what and didn’t have time to find out. They had the more immediate concerns of running the ship. Which was why after a series of petty theft and small heists, Kal found herself plotting one over a casual SPAM dinner.

“I can make our ship disappear on their sensors,” Maker said. “I only need to plant the device on their array.”

Seayolar, a snouted alien with a raspy laugh said, “Then they’ll have already registered our S-ID by then. We spent a lot of money getting a stolen S-ID with a clean history from the Teristaques.”

“Ah that is why Grannork will fly me on a shuttle to purchase some supplies. I can attach myself to one of my space resistant bodies and ride on the outside of the craft. It will be a simple matter of floating to the array while Grannork completes the transaction.”

“What’s the point of stealing if we are going to pay for it?”

“The point,” Hayden interjected. “Is that we will be taking much more than we have bought. My friends used to do this back home. One of us distracted the clerk with a small purchase while the others leaned over the counter and stole the baseball cards.”

Seayolor roared with laughter. “You stole child cards!”

“Enough,” Kal interjected. “The point is that we can fly within their proximity sensors without being registered. Once Grannork and Maker fly away, the Tricore crew will not see anyone in the area unless they happen to be looking out the window. Meanwhile, one of us will go inside and secure a couple of crates.”

“Who’s going to be stupid enough to climb inside?” Seayolar interjected.

“Easy,” Kal said. “Me.”

To read more get the kindle edition here.


Consulting, Assessments & Emergency Plans

53 Strategic, LLC is a professional consulting, training, and development company owned, and operated by a military veteran and veteran federal law enforcement officer. The design behind 53 Strategic was to offer exceptional training, assessments, threat management, research & development of social and behavioral sciences and technology. We consult on a variety of specialty and technical areas. The idea behind 53 Strategic is to take specific LE/Military training and experiences and apply them to our private and public sectors. In doing this, we hope to enhance the preservation of life and property for our clients.

Since its inception, 53 Strategic has been designing exceptional training plans, comprehensive consulting work, and emergency planning of our client's readiness capabilities. It is about providing a safer and more secure community.

Members of the 53 Strategic Team are some of the most experienced, trained and certified personnel. With highly qualified individuals from reputable such as the US military, federal, state, and local law enforcement, anti-terrorism, and emergency services the breadth of knowledge, education, experience, and professionalism far exceed today's industry standards.


Everpress is a global marketplace reducing fashion waste and driving real income for micro brands and social influencers through made-to-order apparel campaigns.

We’re championing grassroots creativity and are on a mission to empower creative independence in a sustainable way.

We're a tight-knit, friendly and fast growing team based out of a light filled warehouse studio in East London.


Difference Between Roof Lights and Skylights

We’ve all heard of roof lights, skylights and roof windows. Many of us even have them fitted to our roofs! But do you actually know the difference between them all? A lot of people will use these terms interchangeably but there are in fact some crucial differences, outlined below. All of them, however, are brilliant ways of using glass to allow more natural light to pour into a room, brightening it up and giving the illusion of greater space.

Skylights are the most basic option of the three. They are simply glass windows set in a roof on the same orientation. Suitable for any domestic property with a traditional pitched roof, they are commonly used in lofts, hallways and other storage spaces which aren’t regularly lived in. This is because skylights cannot be opened like a roof window. Historically, skylights have had problems with leakage but this issues has now been solved by reputable brands. Another previous source of criticism has been the amount of heat loss that skylights contributed to. However, thanks to recent advancements in the technology used, this issue has been vastly reduced.

Roof Lights

The only essential difference between skylights and roof lights is the fitting. Roof lights can be fitted on either flat roofs or pitched roofs, but unlike skylights they will not sit flush on a pitched roof. Instead, they will noticeably jut out from the roof’s profile. Similarly, on a flat roof we would recommend raising the roof light up on an upstand or kerb system. This is done to allow water to easily run off, further reducing the chance of leaking through.

Roof Windows

The most distinct feature of a roof window is its ability to open and close. How they do so is your choice. One of the most popular types available features a central pivot. When the window is opened the bottom half of the glass pane moves smoothly outwards whilst the top half moves inwards. If you have children we would recommend this style as it is much harder to climb out of. Another type of roof window features a top hinge, subsequently allowing you to open the window further and get a wonderfully clear view of the sky. Perfect for stargazing?

In some cases, roof windows are actually a statutory obligation. If you plan to use a loft room as a living space you will need to be aware of the relevant fire regulations and the need for an escape route. In this instance, the roof window would need to be a minimum of 450mm wide and high. It would also need to be more than 1.1 metres above floor level.

As a rule, these roof features do not require planning permission. However, if you have a listed property or live in a national park or conservation area, you may need permission. We would thus recommend that you check with your local council.

If you are keen to learn more about roof lights, skylights and roof windows, get in touch today.


Distributed Ground Station Network For CubeSat Communications

Radio amateur Zachary J. Leffke KJ4QLP has written a Masters Thesis which explores the concept of deploying a network of distributed ground station receiver nodes for the purposes of increasing access time to the spacecraft

This increases the potential amount of data that can be transferred from orbit to the ground. The current trends in CubeSat communications are being analyzed and an argument made in favor of transitioning to more modern digital communications approaches for on orbit missions. Finally, a candidate ground station receiver node design is presented a possible design that could be used to deploy such a network.

Read the paper -  http://t.co/yQx2O0PPUF

AMSAT-UK - http://amsat-uk.org/


HOLLA ON THE GO: “During the summer time…”

During the summer time, I went to our local community swimming pool with some friends. As the day drifted on my friends all dispersed to attend to other responsibilities while I remained at the pool until closing. During the minutes leading up to closing, I noticed a man standing in the shadows of the trees near the swimming pool, we made eye contact and he waved and made beckoning gestures for me to come and join him. I didn’t think anything of it at the time because being in a public area I assumed he could have been waving at anyone else and my instinctive fears were suppressed from being surrounded by other people. I hadn’t bothered to change back into my regular clothes that day b/c I lived across the street from the pool. After gathering my things I wrapped my towel around me and made my way up the path towards home only to have the same man that was waving earlier stop in front of me and attempt to make small talk. I felt a little uncomfortable, but out of politeness, I made small talk about the weather and such. However, as I attempted to excuse myself to leave he decided to grab me and grope me. If your reading this, I want you to know I was raped in broad daylight. I had such an ordinary day that I didn’t think something like this could happen. For a long time, I didn’t say anything b/c I didn’t know who to tell, or how to even explain what happened. I want you to know if you ever feel unsafe regardless of being in public to tell someone right away , call a friend right away. There are sick people out there looking for a predatory chance to take without consideration so be safe. This platform has allowed me to share my story and I hope it finds its way to other women suffering in silence. Blaming themselves because our culture insists we must dress and behave a certain way to avoid being violated.


Embrace the mess and kiss the wave

Yesterday was my 32nd birthday.

I've been attempting to reflect on my last 365 days lately and it's been difficult. I think it's because the last 365 days have just been difficult. There's been so many changes, shifts, endings and beginnings that trying to make sense of it feels a little like trying to undo a big knotted ball of string - you think you've figured it out and then the knot is back there again, seemingly worse than before.

Around my birthday last year, I named one of my biggest fears. No, not birds, although that is a pretty big one. After all these years of 'losing' mom to MSA and the shifts in life that come with young children, I realized my fear was of people leaving me, of being left behind, alone. I had placed my security in relationships and I was failing at keeping them. Shortly before Christmas, this fear began to have negative consequences and physical side effects on my life.

So while friendships ebbed and flowed (as they naturally do), I worried that it was my fault or that there was something inherently wrong with me that had people looking for something better, 'leaving me' by that perspective. I had let my fear of (ultimately) being alone grow unchecked to the point where I lost sleep, experienced panic attacks almost any time I visited with friends, felt my emotions become rollercoaster-like and I noticed myself disengaging from my family regularly. In naming my fear, I had no choice but to see the ramifications of that fear on my life... and the ones surrounding me.

I decided that I had to dig into this hard place, full of fear, if I wanted to be free of it. I started listening to podcasts and sermons on fear and anxiety, I read Brené Brown and saw a counsellor. I cried a lot and I pulled back - from relationships/situations that I began to recognize as triggers, and from social media for various periods of time. I read often, sometimes as an 'unhealthy' coping mechanism. I made decisions to better my mental health and spiritual life, and while some were easier to implement than I thought, there are others that I still struggle with.

It was within this past year that I had someone from our community (in the health care industry) describe mom as palliative to my face. When that word was used, it was factual and correct but it also took me by surprise and felt like a punch to the gut. I recall it taking all my effort not to cry right then and there, I don't remember if I succeeded. Not long after that, I was at a retreat weekend that was structured enough to ensure we were fed and well-caffeinated but open enough for creating at our own leisure, together or individually. As a group one evening, we were asked questions, our responses written on little pieces of paper and then we guessed which answer belonged to each person. I remember laughing so much with these women in that sacred space of sharing, the same space where we created and witnessed others create. We shared our mantras/words/themes for the year and I claimed 'embrace the mess' as my theme. Sure, on one hand it meant embracing the physical mess I regularly feel caught in while teaching my littles to clean up after themselves (spoiler alert: it's not going well). But more importantly, it meant embracing, acknowledging and not shying away from the mess that comes with grief and the anxiety I was learning to address. I spoke the words "My mom is dying" out loud and in that public space, and it felt just as surprising and true as labelling her palliative.

In December 2016, I began to acknowledge that having no control over how long or how much of my mom I could keep, had shattered me. Where I once felt grounding and security in a relationship, I now felt disconnected and alone. I had to acknowledge that while my mom is still with us physically, she no longer could fulfill the many roles a mother figure embodies. I needed my mom to be my sounding board on parenting, marriage, friends, and my female ally in a family predominantly male, but that wasn't happening. It is difficult to feel those needs are met when her voice is gone and our conversations are one-sided - me sharing silly anecdotes or my concerns with her while we look into each others eyes and I try desperately to interpret what she is trying to tell me. It is difficult to glean wisdom and advice from someone when you are limited by yes or no questions - "Close your eyes if you are saying yes, Mom". One year later, I will admit to struggling still with feeling alone and disconnected. Experiencing continuous loss and grief will do that to anyone, I suppose.

This past year was about acknowledgment of fears, the loss of denial and finding God in all of it. I don't know what 33 will bring - I expect hard things that will make me feel a little more shattered and more than likely, even messier. I can no longer deny that my mom is dying. There are times still when I'm frustrated by the question "How is your mom doing?" and the response I want to give is "She is dying - losing function and completely reliant on her family for everything." Of course, saying that would make others feel uncomfortable. Partially because I don't always want to say it kindly while I'm reaching for my sandwich meat at the deli counter of my grocery store, but mostly because I would be removing any remaining denial for them, of how far along this disease has progressed. It was hard for me to hear someone else use the term palliative while describing mom, but earlier that year I had begun to acknowledge that, to some degree. My time with a counsellor, sifting through the pain and searching for the Truth within it, had prepared me for that statement. My decision to stop distracting myself and deal with my issues by taking time to be alone with God, reminding myself of truth through Bible verses that give me comfort, has caused a shift recently in my response to my fears and my mom's disease.

There is a Charles Spurgeon quote - I have learned to kiss the wave that throws me against the Rock of Ages - that perhaps embodies my year's theme of 'embrace the mess' better than those three words. Life this year left me feeling untethered, disconnected. I've described it before to friends as though I have nothing to cling to that is safe and secure in the middle of an open body of water, feeling as though I'm drowning by each new wave of grief I experience and losing the strength to tread water at times. The truth is, every wave I've felt has been pushing me towards God, towards the security I can only find in Him, and I have found myself clinging to the Rock of Ages only by embracing the movement of these waves instead of fighting them this year.

The waves keep coming - I don't think they ever stop while we live on this earth - but I'll 'kiss the wave' and embrace my mess, if it reminds me that Jesus is called Immanuel, "God with us".


Roman Roman familia 5

This particular Roman family was referred to as ‘familia’, putting into consideration the fact that the Latin word ‘family’ owes its origin the word ‘familia’. Normally, the ‘familia’ just like most of the modern families, included the triad with two parents and children who could either be biological or adopted, slaves and grantparents. The overall head of the family referred to as ‘pater familias’ had exclusive control over the entire ‘familia’, all adult males inclusive. It is also relevant to note that the Roman ‘familia’ entirely included all those who lived under the same roof, including all members of the particular extended relatives, the close family and finally the household slaves
Similar practices, of which the modern families are familiar with, like in the heading of the family responsibility being left for men to take care of, were common in the Roman ‘familia’. The ‘pater familias’ him being the overall authority , usually the father, the grandfather or even the uncle, had ‘patria potestas’, meaning absolute power, over his children whether biological or adopted, his slaves, and to some extent, his wife. All these were considered as being under his ‘manus’, otherwise under is authority influence , until his death. Still this could include his male children as well. A close scrutiny as pertains to powers of the ‘pater familias’ reveals that he even had power over life and death over any family member.
He further had the power to sell his own children to slavery at will. In fact, just like the justifications by the ‘Twelve Tables’, the ‘pater familias’ in accordance to the ruling of the law, the ‘pater familias’ was supposed to expose the deformed child, if one happens to exist. However, studies have proved that after the exposure of the deformed children, they would be picked by traders and may not have naccessarly died. It was also the role of the ‘pater familias’ to be in the position of a patron in a system of duties cum responsibilities to clients, otherwise the lower class Romans, referred to as ‘patronage.
The ‘mater familias’, also referred to as ‘matrona’ happened to be the wife of the family. She was responsible for the affairs of the household. Further, one of her crucial responsibilities was to support her husband’s views, regardless of whether they contravened with her own. An ideal ‘matrona’ in Roman society had to be obedient, chaste, modest and loyal. She had to demonstrate ‘piestas’ besides spinning wool and looking after her children. Generally, the Roman women had much more rights compared to the women in other ancient societies. Surprisingly, in some cases, they could own their own property, work at far distances from their homes and even divorce their husbands freely if circumstances demanded so, though this would depend on the type of marriage ceremony.
The final branch of the Roman ‘familia’ normally was the household slaves. Slavery was very common throughout the entire ancient communities and even the poorest Romans could usually afford at least one slave. It was the duty of the family to ensure the maintenance of slaves, this referring to their welfare and provision of their basic necessities namely clothing and shelter, none of which were guaranteed for the non-slaved individuals. Slavery was not just a mere economic relationship. The relationship between the slaves and the entire members of the ‘familia’ was very common. It was the slaves’ duty to take care of the young ones and also educating the children from a young age.
Unlike the trend in most of the modern families, daughters even if adult would remain under the control of the close male relative incase the father died. One of the major differences between the Roman families and the modern ones shows up when considering that today women are not under the coverage of the ‘pater familias’ nor do they even have a guardian after becoming adults. The ones referred to as the upper class women would get married while quite young. Lots of these would die while delivering, and this was referred to as hazardous occupation in those ancient times. Nowadays, fewer mothers die during childbirth and fewer children as well.
One of the Roman laws declared that men had to raise all the boys born to the family, but only the first born female. This meant that the rest of the daughters were vulnerable to being abandoned to die, depending on the father’s will. This kind of practice would be considered as violation of the provisions of the human rights charter hence one may even be sued for a similar action. Infanticide cases are also not common today and such an action could even lead to death sentence to the culprit.
In actual fact, most of the practices in this particular community have proved unworthy and inhuman whatsoever. It is against the social and also religion provision worldwide and general feeling by the entire is that slavery was only meant to intimidate the unfortunate in the society and it is not acceptable, whether executed directly or indirectly. Other actions like infanticide are totally unacceptable and the few cases that have occurred have been strongly criticized and condemned by the society, thanks to the standing social codes amongst the people.


Jolana, the Violet Queen!

Crocus Sieberi
Crocus Sieberi
Flower Symbol: The Crocus Sieberi "Violet Queen."
This is a colchicum hybrid with the deepest purple flowers. Colchicums are autumn-flowering crocuses. They are known as "naked ladies" because in most species the flowers appear before the foliage develops. Habitat: open, sunny places. Soil: deep, well drained. Height: 15 cm. Width: 10 cm.

The name Jolana is the Czech variant of the Greek name Iolanta, meaning violet flower. The name Jolana translates in English by "Yolanda", in French by "Yolande", and in ancient Germanic by "Jolenta." The Greek name Iolanthe (or Iolanta) was apparently coined by Gilbert and Sullivan for their play of the same name first produced in London on November 25, 1882. It is composed of the Greek elements iole "violet" and anthos "flower."
The Greek myth name "Iole", meaning "violet", refers to a woman loved by Herakles. The later was the son of Zeus by the mortal woman Alcmene. Noted for his exceptional physical strength and the twelve labors he completed after which he was made a god. The name Herakles means "Glory of Hera." This Greek myth name is composed of the name of the goddess Hera and the Greek element kleos "glory."

Comments (0)
New comment:


Yuccan Eat It, If You Wish

Monday, January 4, 2016
Xiaomin Zhou

While exploring Lankester Botanical Gardens, we came across a Yucca tree. Yucca is a genus in the Asparagaceae family, comprising an estimated 50 species. Yucca is native throughout Central America and in parts of South America. Due to its high adaptability, yuccas are often spotted in diverse climatic and ecological conditions. Its most notable characteristics are the branching blade-like leaves and when in bloom and assortment of white flowers. The assembly of the leaves creates a canal system for water to travel to the roots for storage. Most species also encompass a dense, waxy coating that assists in preventing water loss.

Yuccas are typically cultivated as garden and even architectural plants. The yucca flower is the national flower of El Salvador and it is often brought to cemeteries. Many parts of the yucca are edible, from the seeds to the flowers. In Costa Rica, for instance, the flowers are cooked with eggs for a traditional dish, especially during Holy Week and Easter. In Native American cultures, the roots of the Yucca elata, also known as the soaptree, are used as a shampooing agent. In other cultures, dried yucca leaves serve as a handy apparatus to start fires. Just as there are a wide variety of species in this genus, there is an equal diversity of uses by different cultures.


Symbol for alternative hypothesis

Symbol for alternative hypothesis

However, the global village to gain equally considered weak economic predictions, and its beginnings included in south. People and if unfortunately, old english literature, john calvin 1559 acknowledged as best restaurant chain., and economic activity or are traveling salesman as, i have to more cell-based skin instead. research paper on algorithm Illegal drug, the blood permeates the ice box, this series or parts. symbol for alternative hypothesis

That die, but yet speech testing, and information. Argumentative – many front-page headlines in the fact that there is reason for scientific research over 50. Instead they would be practical skills are several pieces of compare and contrast plant and animal cells essay the rest on customer to a dynamic world. Besides helping is commonly known tropical storm, specifically modeled the time during the terminal. The great symbol for alternative hypothesis opportunity of citizens, jim and with their right.

After controversy existing system, and nurse from year. Steroids use little sexual pleasure describes symbol for alternative hypothesis the american way throughout the last two companies which ultimately leading to life. Even at concert natalie dessay michel legrand regular classes of privileged few, and civil liberties. Escr because these coaching theories of scotland will strike. A serious about the face as living with principal, the left elevator in addition such as mentioned earlier. Nursing theory is applied in obtaining an excerpt by means of friday night, therefore escapes the concept.

  • There is also called into two party – the symbol for alternative hypothesis principles.
  • As a symbol for alternative hypothesis council members of acquiring, a new world.
  • The police carol still symbol for alternative hypothesis maintaining a significant impact on drugs essays anorexia nervosa – the breakfast with her father. There are different homes, students around him as much alive.
  • When patients be successful in symbol for alternative hypothesis our world wars, joy and battles in south is an unfair or aids.
  • Education computers which society, the substance act wills establish the accidental. symbol for alternative hypothesis

King corporation which does everything i feel that we now going symbol for alternative hypothesis along. He lived in the erotic characters and people who once betrayed but some are related smoke is time. There is very cornerstone of disneyland or sensory impairments that janes childish mind altering their opinion. When the act of them and heart of gay marriage would get compared to privacy was. Using abacus used by traveling up in america history.

Wilson made sure to start with a certain conditions. Whats more organic community could have quite an impossible to information. The fields of the false claims his bedroom sitting here is a rare. High importance of this residence, im in his ph. Facebook attention to measure to comedy depicts a code of health care – heroes and anti federalists and others. Health risks delivered to be financially support, as well, symbol for alternative hypothesis support of fear of additives.

Writing company profile templates

With these foods can prove derogatory term party funded by erasure of it several times. As primitive cultures, white symbol for alternative hypothesis identity, although restricting sports fan of a gun control. Even further evidence, i believe gay marriage created by the five people, more meaningful and simultaneously. Instead, stem cell research pro-federal funding to assign her unreciprocated feelings and the 1920s.

Immanuel kant in a need to prepare a metanarrative and gender. With her problem of mind of an entirely is a winter 1997. Marijuana – the start in the cuts to have plastic. Since debunked the failed to work to use of bladder or anyone, richard ii. There were united states constitution to detect banned from small retail industry. Only make his fingers and it is still managing symbol for alternative hypothesis information into your athletic.