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Basic Mathematical Concepts: Differential equations, vectors, and matrices.

Atomic Structure: Fundamental particles. Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom; Wave-particle duality; Uncertainty principles; Schrodinger's wave equation; Quantum numbers, shapes of orbitals; Hund's rule and Pauli's exclusion principle.

Theory of Gases: Kinetic theory of gases. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law; Equipartition of energy.

Chemical Thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes; First law and its application to ideal and non-ideal gases; Thermochemistry; Second law; Entropy and free energy, Criteria for spontaneity.

Chemical and Phase Equilibria: Law of mass action; Kp , Kc, Kx and Kn; Effect of temperature on K; Ionic equilibria in solutions; pH and buffer solutions; Hydrolysis; Solubility product; Phase equilibriaâ€“Phase rule and its application to one-component and two-component systems; Colligative properties.

Electrochemistry: Conductance and its applications; Transport number; Galvanic cells; EMF and Free energy; Concentration cells with and without transport; Polarography.

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions of various order, Arrhenius equation, Collision theory; Theory of absolute reaction rate; Chain reactions â€“ Normal and branched chain reactions; Enzyme kinetics; photochemical processes; Catalysis.

Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry and Stereochemistry: Isomerism and nomenclature, electronic (resonance and inductive) effects. Aromaticity and Huckel's rule. Optical isomerism in compounds containing one and two asymmetric centres, designation of absolute configuration, conformations of cyclohexanes.

Organic Reaction Mechanism and Synthetic Applications: Methods of preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes and their simple functional derivatives. Mechanism and synthetic applications of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Stereochemistry and mechanism of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. Diels-Alder reactions, Wittig Reactions, Mechanism of aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, esterification and ester hydrolysis, Cannizzaro reaction, benzoin condensation. Perkin reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. Synthesis of simple molecules using standard reactions of organic chemistry. Grignard reagents, acetoacetic and malonic ester chemistry.

Introduction to the following classes of compounds-alkaloids, terpenes, carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and nucleic acids.

Heterocyclic Chemistry: Furans, thiophenes, pyrrols and pyridines.

Qualitative Organic Analysis: Functional group interconversions, structural problems using chemical reactions, identification of functional groups by chemical tests.

Periodic Table: Periodic classification of elements and periodicity in properties; general methods of isolation and purification of elements.

Chemical Bonding and Shapes of Compounds: Types of bonding; VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules; hybridization; dipole moment; ionic solids; structure of NaCl, CsCl, diamond and graphite; lattice energy.

Main Group Elements (s and p blocks): Chemistry with emphasis on group relationship and gradation in properties; structure of electron deficient compounds of main group elements and application of main group elements.

Transition Metals (d block): Characteristics of 3d elements; oxide, hydroxide and salts of first row metals; coordination complexes; VB and Crystal Field theoretical approaches for structure, colour and magnetic properties of metal complexes. Ligands with back bonding capabilities; molecular orbital theory approaches to explain bonding in metal-carbonyl and metal-phosphine complexes.

Analytical Chemistry: Principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis; acid-base, oxidation-reduction and EDTA and precipitation reactions; use of indicators; use of organic reagents in inorganic analysis; radioactivity; nuclear reactions; applications of isotopes.

2) TIFR (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)
The syllabus for the written test in Chemistry is similar to the typical standard syllabus followed in any Indian university for the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degree course. The questions are aimed at testing the basic understanding and knowledge in the areas of physical, organic, inorganic, analytical, electro and quantum chemistry, biophysics , thermodynamics, spectroscopy (NMR, fluorescence, IR, UV and X-ray), logic and statistics and mathematical methods.

3) IISc. (Chemical Sciences)
Chemical Sciences question paper will consist of multiple choice questions for 100 marks from Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics with greater emphasis on Chemistry. These will be negative marking for wrong answer.

Valency, Equivalent weight, periodic classification of elements, Atomic structure, Isotopes, Radioactivity, Electronegativity, Hybridisation, Oxidation states.  Compounds of Main Group elements; preparation, structures and Reactivity.
Transition metals; Electronic structure, magnetic and spectral properties of metal complexes. Stability, structure and reactivity of coordination compounds.
Main Ores and Minerals, Principles of extraction of metals like Cu, Au, Na, Zn, Mg, and Al. Iron and Steel manufacture. Common chemical processes used in industry.

Principles of Analytical Chemistry, Qualitative analysis and quantitative estimation of elements and groups.

The laws of Thermodynamics, Thermodynamic functions, Kinetic theory of gases, Specific heats, Adiabatic and isothermal processes, Liquids, The solid state, x-ray Diffraction, Mixtures and solutions, colligative properties, chemical Equilibrium, phase rule. Thermochemistry, Electrochemistry, Reaction Kinetics. Surface and Colloid Chemistry. Catalysis, use of catalysis, use of catalysts in important industrial processes, Mathematics and Physics essential for Physical Chemistry.

Geometric and optical isomerism in organic molecules. Preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, alky halides, amines, ethers and carbonyl compounds.
Aromatic ring systems, aromatic animes and nitro derivatives, phenols, Heterocyclinc systems, Carbohydrates Oils, Fats, Soaps and detergents, Aminoacids, Proteins, enzymes, dyes, drugs, synthetic and natural polymers.
Basic reaction mechanism : SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions, Free radical reactions, Markownikoff rule, Electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Synthetic uses of Grignard reactions, reactions involving acetoacetic ester and malonic ester.

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Tag: Volunteering

How a small Iowa city became a legendary music hotspot

The Surf Ballroom & Museum is a historic rock and roll landmark in Iowa that showcases history while also promoting the future of music.

Student success comes with lasting relationships

The Norwalk Mentor Program trains adult volunteers and matches them with Norwalk Public School students who need more support.

How barbecue became a lifesaver

Providing barbecue meals for displaced residents and emergency personnel is one small way to temporarily soothe the harsh realities of immense recovery efforts.

Employees become rescuers after 3-day-old puppies are found outside NAPA store

An ordinary work day turns into a life-saving adventure as employees spring into action to help the tiny, hungry pups.

My transition was easy, finding meaning after service was not

For one veteran, surrounding herself with civic-minded people brought her more fulfillment than corporate life ever could.

Fighting hunger, one tree at a time

The Eugene Area Gleaners were established when the founders were faced with their own food insecurity and saw others in their community struggling to f

How to use Instagram to spread your nonprofit’s mission

While traditional methods of volunteer recruitment and fundraising are effective, technology allows nonprofits to find new ways to attract supporters.

Why volunteering is so important at the end of the year

For volunteer Crisis Counselors (CCs), the holidays are an extra special time to support people in pain.


A 70-year-old woman who went missing in East Lothian has been found safe.

Christine Robb was reported missing after she was last seen on Monday afternoon in Haddington.

Appealing for help in tracing her, police said Christne has Alzheimer's disease and did not have her mobile phone with her.

On Monday evening, Police Scotland confirmed she had been found safe and well.

A spokesman for the force said: "The response to our media appeal was excellent so thank you to everyone who shared our post."

For more stories like this, like our  Facebook page  or follow us on  Twitter.


Evaluation of pre-fermentation using confectionery waste products for two-stage anaerobic digestion

University essay from Linköpings universitet/Tema vatten i natur och samhälle

The finite amount of energy carriers affects all of us. It is important to utilize all available sources and to find new sources of energy. The confectionery industry generates both solid and liquid waste during the production of confectioneries, which could be utilized as a substrate for biogas production. However, problems might arise during the biogas process since these kinds of waste are very rich in carbohydrates. The initial breakdown of the substrate would probably cause an accumulation of fermentation products such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) and a low pH. A solution to this might be to use a two-stage process. The first stage would be a pre-fermentation that should be optimized for production of fermentation products such as ethanol and VFA. The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate the biogas potential of confectionery waste products. The confectionery waste products are evaluated using a continuous two-stage process, batch experiments and theoretical calculations of the methane potential.

The potential from process wastewater was examined. Depending on COD reduction for a reactor and COD content of process wastewater, an annual amount of 75 000 m3 or of 857 000 m3 of process wastewater is necessary to produce enough biogas for a gas engine to continuously convert the biogas to electricity. A batch experiment evaluating the methane production potential of nine different confectionery waste products from a large confectionery industry gave a range of 430 - 690 NmL/g VS, which is relatively high. A continuous experiment in two lab-scale reactors with a HRT of two days worked satisfactory. The gas production was stable periodically with a carbon dioxide content above 60%. The pH was low (3.4 - 3.6) throughout the experiment for one of the reactors. However, addition of digester sludge from a methane-producing reactor towards the end of the experiment resulted in a higher pH and more VFA available for utilization in the second stage. The main fermentation products were: acetic acid, lactic acid, ethanol and carbon dioxide. A second batch experiment showed that the methane potential was not affected by pre-fermentation. A carbon balance calculation of the process indicates that 57% of the ingoing organic matter is fermented within only two days and ends up in the known fermentation products.

The study shows that confectionery waste products are well suited for two-stage anaerobic digestion.


Ten Reasons to be Cheerful

Do you ever listen to the news and find yourself thinking that the world has gone to the dogs? The rollcall of depressing headlines seems endless. But look beyond what the media calls news and there also are a lot of things going right. It's true the world faces challenges in maintaining stable and well-functioning social, environmental and economic systems. The legacy of the financial crisis is still with us and concerns about climate change and sustainability are widespread.

Europe is grappling with a refugee crisis; China faces a difficult transition from an export and industrial-led economy to one driven by domestic demand; and the US is preoccupied with a sometimes rancorous election campaign.

But it's also easy to overlook significant advances made in raising the living standards of millions, increasing global cooperation on sustainability and efforts to build greater transparency and trust in financial institutions.

Many of the 10 developments cited below don't tend to make the front pages of daily newspapers or the lead items in the TV news, but they're worth keeping in mind on those occasions when you feel overwhelmed by all the grim headlines.

So here's an alternative news bulletin:

  1. Over the last 25 years, two billion people globally have moved out of extreme poverty, according to the latest UN Human Development Report.
  2. Over the same period, mortality rates among children under the age of five have fallen by 53%, from 91 deaths per 1000 to 43 deaths per 1000.
  3. In September 2015, all members of the UN set 17 sustainable development goals for 2030, including targets for eliminating poverty and hunger and lifting standards in health, education, water, energy and infrastructure.
  4. Global trade has expanded as a proportion of GDP from 20% in 1995 to 30% by 2014, signalling greater global integration.
  5. Global bank regulators recently announced that since the financial crisis they have implemented reforms to reduce leverage, address systemic risk and build capital buffers into the banking system.3
  6. The world's biggest economy, the US, has been recovering. Unemployment has halved in six years from nearly 10% to just below 5%.
  7. Global oil prices have fallen by more than 70% in two years. While bad news for the oil sector, this also raises real incomes for consumers, increases profits outside energy and decreases costs of production.
  8. While fossil fuels still play a major role in the economy, renewable energy sources—such as solar and wind—accounted for nearly 22% of global electricity generation in 2013 and are seen rising to at least 26% by 2020.
  9. We live in an era of rapid innovation. One report estimates the digital economy now accounts for 22.5% of global economic output, and projects digital technologies could generate $US2 trillion of additional output by 2020.
  10. The growing speed and scale of data is increasing global connectedness and transforming industries as new discoveries are made in such areas as engineering, medicine, food, energy and sustainability.

No doubt many of these advances will lead to new business and investment opportunities. Of course, not all will succeed. But the important point is that science and innovation are evolving in ways that can help mankind.

The world is far from perfect, it's true. The human race faces major challenges. But just as it is important to be realistic and aware of the downside of our condition, we must also recognise the major advances that we are making.

Just as there is reason for caution, there is always room for hope. And keeping those good things in mind can help when you feel overwhelmed by all the bad news.

Source: Jim Parker, Vice President, Dimensional Fund Advisors.


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Helping you turn Kingdom vision into action.


05/31/2016 02:05 EDT | Updated 05/31/2016 02:59 EDT

Who's Earning Minimum Wage? (Hint: Ontarians)

Manufacturing's decline has taken a toll.

When it comes to employees earning the minimum wage, Ontario is Canada’s undisputed champion.

Fully 11.6 per cent of all employees earned the province’s minimum wage last year, according to numbers crunched by Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) senior economist Angella MacEwen.

That’s more than twice the share seen in British Columbia, Alberta or Saskatchewan.

Across Canada overall, there were some 1.25 million people earning the minimum wage, or about 8 per cent of the country’s 15.3 million salaried employees.

“Workers earning minimum wage often struggle to get enough hours, don’t have predictable schedules or advance notice of shifts, and many don’t even have access to unpaid sick days,” MacEwen wrote in a recent blog post.

Ontario has been particularly hard hit. According to a report last year from the left-leaning Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, the share of Ontario workers making minimum wage has grown five-fold since 1997.

The report blamed long-term shifts in the province’s economy. Higher-paid, unionized manufacturing jobs have been disappearing for years, with lower-paid, non-union retail and customer service jobs taking their place.

That has led to a rise in “precarious” employment in the province, such as part-time, contract or temp work.

Ontario’s Liberal government has been gradually raising the minimum wage, and at $11.25, it is currently the highest in the country, outside of the territories.

Story continues below

Photo gallery Minimum Wage Across Canada (2015) See Gallery

The Ontario government has also indexed the minimum wage to inflation, which will result in a 15-cent hike to the wage this year.

Rabble notes that, at this pace, it would take until 2040 for Ontario to have a $15 minimum wage.

Quarter of Canadians would get a raise under $15 minimum wage

The campaign to bring in a $15 minimum wage has been gaining some steam in Canada recently, with activists urging Canadian provinces to follow the lead of some U.S. cities and states (such as New York and California) in moving towards the higher minimum wage.

MacEwen analyzed Statistics Canada wage data and concluded that about a quarter of Canadians would see a raise if the $15 minimum wage happened.

But the numbers vary widely from province to province, with a third or more of Atlantic Canadians getting a raise, while less than a fifth of Albertans would see a raise.

The debate over whether a minimum wage hike would help or hurt the economy continues unabated.

Think tanks like the right-leaning Fraser Institute argue a minimum wage hike wouldn’t necessarily help the poorest people in society — because nearly 60 per cent of minimum wage earners are youths aged 15 to 24, and almost as large a share lives with family.

The Fraser Institute estimates that a 10-per-cent increase in the minimum wage would reduce youth employment by 3 per cent to 6 per cent.

But MacEwen cites different research concluding that the impact on youth employment from a higher minimum wage “range from insignificant to non-existent.”

“While lots of young workers are employed in low wage jobs, many adults are as well. Besides, young workers deserve a fair wage for their labour too,” she wrote.


Former US president Barack Obama delivers the Nelson Mandela annual lecture at Wanderers Stadium, Gauteng. Picture: Itumeleng English/African News Agency (ANA)
Did Barack Obama strike the right chord?

Cheryl Hendricks: Obama was chosen to give this important lecture because he represented a great deal of what Nelson Mandela stood for. And because he provided hope and inspiration for a better world during his tenure as US president.

His lecture struck the right chord. It was a forceful reminder of how far humanity has come over the past century - as well as the world’s current tensions and uncertainties.

It was also a reminder of how we need to keep the hope and spirit alive of a world in which social justice and democracy can prevail. A world in which tolerance, inclusivity and the pursuit of a common good is the norm.

Mandela was a humble, visionary leader of international stature seeking to bridge the divides between the north and the south to promote a common humanity, to reinvigorate multi- lateralism, to fight inequality and provide a moral compass for the world.

His ideas about attaining peace in Africa through negotiations and mediation and creating more inclusive societies is one that still shapes conflict management on the continent.

In South Africa his contribution remains his vision of a united, non- racial, non-sexist, democratic society that eschewed tribalism and patronage politics and that promoted collective and servant leadership. He was a unifier in a deeply racially divided society.

But the past decade has seen a shift from Mandela’s vision - globally, continentally and nationally. Globally, multilateralism is under threat by rogue states, “America first” forms of engagement with its stress on national interests and the return to militarised solutions for resolving conflicts.

For its part, the continent has lost its way in implementing the ideals of pan-Africanism. Today it’s more constrained by narrow nationalist and authoritarian politics and by high levels of poverty and inequality.

Mandela’s legacy was probably under the most threat in South Africa itself, where we had deviated substantively from integrity, humility, non-racialism, participation, eradicating inequality and empowering all.

Obama’s speech was powerful because it drew on all these themes.

Keith Gottschalk: Speaking for nearly two hours, Obama set current world events against the arc of history. His speech made a fitting centennial address for Madiba and went down well with the frequently applauding crowd of 15 000.

What are the three most important things to take away from the speech?

Cheryl Hendricks: His key points were firstly that we are at a crossroads. What we have built and achieved over the last 100 years is being contested by those who espouse the politics of fear and resentment, fuelled by the contradictions of globalisation, failures of governance and political elites that have assumed a monopoly of power.

This is manifested in xenophobia, terrorism, chauvinism, narrow nationalism, gender inequality, economic greed and authoritarianism.

It’s in direct opposition to the values, ideals and principles embodied by Madiba and the many who fought for democracy and freedom. It is uncertain which one will win. But that we need to resist the cynicism, the divisions, hatred, corruption and be guided by universal principals, love and servant collective leadership.

Secondly, our biggest challenge is technology. Artificial intelligence threatens job security and forces us to find creative ways of generating employment.

Thirdly, democracy is still the best vehicle to achieve social justice. But it needs to be about more than just holding elections. It must be part of civic culture, and driven by young people who are passionate about building a new society.

Obama’s message is a timely one for South Africa and the world as they struggle with the complexities and contradictions of globalisation and the retreat into the politics reminiscent of an unequal authoritarian past.

He reminded us of our own duties and responsibilities to protect our democratic gains and to continue the quest for a just, free world where all can enjoy dignity. That we are bound together, interdependent and therefore have a common destiny. This fact should shape how we interact with one another. It’s about promoting active citizenship and the transformation of global governance institutions.

Keith Gottschalk: First, Obama pointed out that the first two decades of the 21st century saw the world freer, healthier and wealthier than before.

Globalisation lifted 1 billion people out of poverty. Violators of human rights feel on the defensive. We have reduced the prospects of war.

But he also pointed out that the previous structures of oppression and exploitation were never fully dislodged. Racial discrimination can still be found - in the US as well as South Africa.

Unlike those who predicted the triumph of liberal democracy, there are contesting narratives pitting race, ethnicity, tribalism, nationalism or religion against not only the West, but against modernity.

We have to address the fears of those who feel left out or left behind by globalisation. We must work harder and smarter to realise Madiba’s vision for freedom.

Strong men politicians are on the ascendancy, hiding behind façade of elections, while harassing their opponents and the media.

And we have to believe in the facts. Some politicians now make stuff up and when caught out lying, show no sense of shame.

Second, unlike some free market fundamentalists, Obama more than once made the point that if we want to work for freedom, we have to fight inequality.

Where you have extreme economic inequality, the wealthy elite will have wildly disproportionate political influence. We need to keep protesting and keep resisting. We need inclusive education, collective bargaining rights and to break up monopolies. You must worry about economics if you want to get democracy to work.

Third, the struggle for basic freedoms and justice is never truly finished. Human rights require us to recognise the humanity in all persons. These are not Western ideals, but universal ideals. Schools should teach not blind obedience, but critical thinking.

Democracy is about more than just elections. It means listening to opposing views, not only the ones you agree with. It means working with your enemies, so they become your partners.

Ultimately, right makes might.

Madiba is an example of the politics of resilience and hope; never give in to cynicism. We need a collective spirit - young people are hope carriers. Keep believing in the vision; keep marching; keep building; raise your voice. - The Conversation

Hendricks is executive director of the Africa Institute of South Africa at the Human Sciences Research Council and Gottschalk is a political scientist at the University of the Western Cape.


TD8 #15: Dreamy Choir And Woods

Download pdf's and mp3 here!

Here's a very peaceful device I got from James Newton Howard's score to "Peter Pan". It's a great score and I'll definitely grab some other cool sounds from it. Even though I'm not really a fan of the Peter Pan movies in general, it seems like the soundtracks are always stellar. Do yourself a favor and check out the following:

1) Tinkerbell and anything else P.P related by Joel McNeely.

2) James Newton Howard's "Peter Pan".

3) Benjamin Wallfisch's "Peter Pan".

4) And of course, the one that sets the bar (veeeeery high I might add) : "Hook" by John Williams.

The device itself is a woodwind melody with the choir in a slightly different pattern, accompanied by strings and harp. The glock is sort of a combination of the two melodies in the woods/choir, it's purpose is to highlight some notes and add a little sparkle.

Here's the sketch:

TD8 #8: Mysterious Choir & Strings

Download pdf's and mp3 here!

Here's a device I found on James Newton Howard's "Nanny McPhee" album. So many cool passages in that score, check it out if you haven't already:)

The idea is to combine high triads in the strings and choir and then build a melody starting in the low register moving up through the orchestra. It's very flexible and even though my version is totally different in harmony and melody compared to JNH's it still works quite well.

The choir isn't NotePerformers strongest feature but I think it's good enough to get the idea across.

Here's the sketch of the device:

As with yesterdays example the sketch is, well "sketchy" in the manner that it's not complete if you compare it to the full orchestration. Only the main structure of the piece gets sketched and it's during the orchestration process that I add most elements and all the other little details.

Another good use of sketching is when transcribing a piece of music, start with a sketch and only notate the most important parts at first. Once you have the melody and harmony down, you'll have the form of the piece and good reference points for moving to the full score later.

In this sense transcribing is very close to composing. The only difference is that you listen to someone else's ideas on a recording instead of your own inside your head. The better you get at one the better you'll be at the other, a worthy thing to spend your time on in other words:)

TD8 #7: Chasing Strings & Woods

Download Pdf's and Mp3 here!

This wasn't based on anything specific, I just wanted to have a quick lively melody in the strings and woodwinds. I started with a sketch of the main melodic idea, when I was satisfied with that I added the bass line. Once the bass was determined it was time to add the harmony. All this was done on 4 staves. Here's the sketch:

As you can see the sketch is not very detailed, it's more a way to get started and have something to build on in the full score. It's great to have the bare-bones version to fall back on if you run into trouble while orchestrating/arranging a piece. I don't always make a sketch though, and I almost always wish that I had during one point or another in the process when I try to "skip" ahead to a finished product. They say that a great song should work with just an acoustic guitar and vocals, the sketch is our version of that.

I'll include any sketches I've done for each device from now on in case anyone is interested.


Crack pattern in ceramics subject to thermal shock

Optimal Design

Optimal design is a remarkable application of scientific computing. It is aimed at building a systematic tool for the design of devices, structures, or systems with optimal properties. The main difference with most applications of scientific computing is that topology optimization does not attempt to replicate some physical experiments on a pre-existing design, but to find the design that will perform optimally for that experiment.

Newton's problem
Newton’s problem

The idea is not new. In the Principia, Newton mentioned an interest in computing the shape of a rotationally invariant object with minimum drag in a viscous fluid. More recently, it has gained a lot of attention from the engineering and mathematical communities since the 70’s. Indeed, soon after it became possible to simulate simple experiments, engineers tried to compute sensitivities with respect to variation of the design, by studying the dependence of the performance of designs on small variations of their shape. The methods originating from this idea are usually called shape optimization methods. Optimal Design (often also called topology optimization) is a broader version of this problem, where one does not only consider variations of the boundaries of designs, but instead tries to solve an optimization problem among all admissible designs.

Despite its apparent simplicity, the theoretical study and numerical implementation of optimal design problem raise very challenging issues. Indeed, most optimal designs are by nature ill-posed. Their solutions cannot be described by classical designs, but require infinitely small patterns like micro-laminations or micro-perforations. An intuitive explanation of that mathematical fact can be found, observing many steel structures.

Detail of the Eiffel tower multi-scale design
Detail of the Eiffel tour

The overall design of the Eiffel tower in Paris consists of four main pillars meeting at the top, and two main floors. In order to improve the stiffness to weight ratio, Gustave Eiffel did not use massive steel columns, but opted for a truss structure. Of course, the same logic applies to each element of the truss structure, and the overall stiffness to weight ratio will increases when they are replaced with arrays of beams. The process is endless!

For practical reasons, Eiffel stopped after two steps, but in the mathematical world, nothing prevents us from iterating this process ad vitam eternam… The resulting structure would not be possible to describe as a classical design, but would require the concepts of microstructures and all the related mathematical framework.

Literature on this subject is abundant, including several recently published or revised monographies (Cherkaev, 2000), (Allaire, 2002), (Bendsøe & Sigmund, 2003).

  1. Cherkaev, A. (2000). Variational methods for structural optimization (p. xxvi+545). New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 0-387-98462-3
  2. Allaire, G. (2002). Shape optimization by the homogenization method (p. xvi+456). New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 0-387-95298-5
  3. Bendsøe, M. P., & Sigmund, O. (2003). Topology Optimization: Theory, Methods and Applications (2nd Ed). Springer. ISBN: 978-3540429920


Linux System Administrator - Redondo Beach, CA-18019281

Location: Redondo Beach
Relocation Assistance: Yes
Clearance Type: Top Secret
Number of Openings : 0
Shift :

At Northrop Grumman we develop cutting-edge technology that preserves freedom and advances human discovery. Our pioneering and inventive spirit has enabled us to be at the forefront of many technological advancements in our nations history - from the first flight across the Atlantic Ocean, to stealth bombers, to landing on the moon. We continue to innovate with developments from launching the first commercial flight to space, to discovering the early beginnings of the universe. Our employees are not only part of history, theyre making history.

No matter the assignment, Northrop Grumman is committed to being a leader in Cyber, Logistics and Modernization, Autonomous Systems, C4ISR, and Strike.  For us, its about more than just performing.  It means realizing the values that define us:  responsibility, trust, integrity and protecting freedom worldwide.  These values inspire and unite our people- who make everything we do possible.

The Engineering, Sciences and Technology (ES&T) organization pushes the boundaries of innovation, redefines engineering capabilities, and drives advances in various sciences. Our team is chartered with providing the skills, innovative technologies to develop, design, produce and sustain optimized product lines across the sector while providing a decisive advantage to the warfighter.  Come be a part of our mission!

Basic Qualifications:
  Requires a BS within a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics discipline from an accredited college (or equivalent experience in lieu of education) with 2-15 years software development experience.
  Active TS (Top Secret) clearance with SCI eligibility.

Job ID: 18019281

  Reasons to apply:

  3. Enjoy benefits like flexible work schedules, education assistance and paid time off.
Top Secret Required


limited entries
Darrell Godliman

Open Rating Results

Focus, composition and timing are everything when it comes to photographing humans or animals when they're swimming. The movement and the muscles of the swimmer in relation to the undulations of the water create infinitely unique photos each and every time, which means it's worth taking plenty of shots so you can choose your favourite.

How it works

Entries closed
3 January 2018

3 January 2018 to 9 January 2018

Winners announced
9 January 2018

See open contests


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  1. 1

    The urban and city population projections of the United Nations: data, definitions and methods.

    United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division

    In: United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Population projections: methodology of the United Nations. New York, N.Y., United Nations, 1984. 67-74. (Population Studies, No. 83; ST/ESA/SER.A/83)

    This paper draws attention to the large variation in national practices to determine localities and to classify urban populations which has serious implicatons for any projections of urban and city populations, no matter what specific methodology is being used. There are many criteria by whichlocalities can be defined as urban: population size, population density, % labor force in non-agriucltural activities, function of the city, some other unspecified "urban" characteristics or a combination of several of these criteria. Population size is deemed the preferable criterion for designating localities as urban. This criterion is consistent with one of the classic definitions of urbanization: "Urbanization is a process of population concenttration. It proceeds in 2 ways: the multiplication of points of concentration and the increase in size of individual concentration." Population size is also the most widely available criteria for localities. Procedures used by the UN to estimate and project urban and city population are given. The UN utilizes a measure of urbanization called the urban-rural ratio (URR), which is defined as the ratio of the urban to the rural population for a country at a given point in time. While attempts are being made to provide as complete a coverage of cities as possible, no standard guidelines have so far been used to systematically include all cities that will reach 100,000 population during the projection period. It is hoped that detailed discussion of the data and the conceptual and procedural problems will lead users of the estimates and projections to carefully consult the respective sources and definitions when they use these results for comparative purposes.
    Add to my documents.


Côté Terrasse SéGURET

Home-made cooking and a friendly atmosphere in this restaurant at the heart of one of the most beautiful villages in France, Séguret.

Midway between traditional cuisine and bistro-style cuisine, Sophie and Rémy give diners an attentive welcome. Generous and refined cooking in an idyllic setting.

Accommodation nearby


Snacks You Should Try at Taling Chan Floating Market, Bangkok

During your holiday in Thailand, you will see many traditional Thai snacks being sold everywhere. Best places to try them are street markets or Floating Markets that are so popular with locals. If you are planning a trip to Taling Chan Floating Market in Bangkok, consider tasting as many of these traditional snacks as you can.

Sweet Pandan pudding topped with shredded coconut (Khanom Piek Poon : ขนมเปียกปูน) = 20 baht

Khanom Piek Poon

Thai dessert made of sugarcane, coconut milk, pounded unripe rice, popped rice, peanuts and sesame (Kanom Kra-Ya-Sart : ขนมกระยาสารท) = 40 baht/pack

Kanom Kra-Ya-Sart

Delicious crispy Thai pancakes (Khanom Buang : ขนมเบื้อง) = 25-30 baht/set

Khanom Buang

Deep fried dough balls with soybean filling (Kanom Kai Hong : ขนมไข่หงส์) = 20 baht

Kanom Kai Hong

Thai snack made of dry coconut, Thai herbs and sweet sauce (Miang Kham :เมี่ยงคำ) = 30 baht/set

Miang Kham

Black and White Sesame Roll (Khanom Kho Ped : ขนมคอเป็ด) = 20 baht/piece

Kanom Kho Ped

Shredded coconut and palm sugar mix covered with steamed flour and coconut cream mix and later wrapped in banana leaf (Khanom Sai Sai : ขนมใส่ไส้) = 20 baht/7 pcs

 Kanom Sai Sai

Crispy Rice Noodle (Kanom Mhee Krob : ขนมหมี่กรอบ) = 20 baht/bag, 35 baht/box

Kanom Mhee Krob

Vietnamese Savory Crepe (Kanom Bueng Yuan : ขนมเบื้องญวน) = 50 baht/piece

Kanom Bueng Yuan

Salad Roll = 50 baht/set

Salad Roll

Various Thai homemade sweets = 20 baht/box

Various Thai homemade sweets

Pandan Flavored Rice Flour Droplets in Sweetened Coconut Cream (Lod Chong : ขนมลอดช่อง) = 25 baht/glass

 Lod Chong

Thai Cookies made of tapioca, coconut milk and egg yolk (Kanom Phing : ขนมผิง)

Kanom Phing

Glutinous rice wrapped into triangle shape (Khaoyomnamwun : ข้่าวต้มน้ำวุ้น) = 20 baht/set

Minced fermented fish sausages (แหนมปลากรายทอด ) = 40 baht/set

Minced fermented fish sausages

Fried Chinese Chives Dumplings (Kanom Gui Chai : ขนมกุยช่าย) = 30 baht

Kanom Gui Chai

Other delicacies you can try at Taling Chan Floating Market:


Violations and Claims for Narcotics Crime

If you have been charged with a drug crime, or have been investigated for them, hiring a criminal lawyer must be the first thing you do. Many people overlook the importance of having effective legal representation – often at the expense of their freedom. With the money and resources available for prosecution, it is important that you have the right person on your side.

There are situations where your best option is to take a defense offer, and there are times when it’s best to take your case to court. Be aware that public defenders or inexperienced lawyers are more likely to want to resolve your case as quickly as possible and tend to encourage you to take a defense offer. On the other hand, a dedicated and experienced lawyer will be in a better position to weigh the pros and cons of your choices and help you make the right choice. You can contact the Lawyer for drug crimes in Tulsa Ok to help you.

It is also important to realize that drug costs can be confusing. Often when someone is accused of a drug-related violation, there will be many different charges against them. Understanding the difference between ownership, ownership and intention and trafficking in drugs should not be up to you. Choose a criminal lawyer who understands the nuances involved in the various allegations and who can help reduce them, ask them to be dismissed or win a case before the jury.

In some cases, judges will be willing to consider alternatives for prosecution and prison sentences, such as drug rehabilitation programs. You may qualify for a program that can get you out of prison and take notes not recorded. When you choose a lawyer who is an expert in drug criminal defense, they will know every available option and can help you find a way to get out of a difficult situation.

Another thing to remember is that being an effective criminal lawyer requires an in-depth understanding of human nature. Whether your lawyer tries to influence a judge, jury or prosecution, a skilled lawyer will know the best way to present evidence and how to make a strong case for your criminal defense. They will also know how to handle difficult situations that are sometimes uncomfortable for everyone involved.

Finally, it is important to realize that you need to have a lawyer on your side with whom you feel comfortable discussing your case. Too often the defendant will end up with a lawyer who judges them, does not listen specifically to their case, or otherwise makes them feel less confident and comfortable with their criminal defense. It is very important for you to share all the information that is relevant to your lawyer, so make sure you choose someone who makes you feel comfortable to trust.

The point when it comes to choosing a lawyer is that you need to have experience on your part. Choose a lawyer who has handled similar cases in the past, and has positive results.


Functional composite

Compound machine meaning refers to a single machine to achieve multiple elements or completed as soon as possible from the blank to the finished product processing. According to the structural characteristics can be divided into composite-type compound and process categories. Composite-type boring and milling machine tools such as drill composite-machining centers, milling complex – turning centers, milling boring and drilling-composite-composite machining center; operations compound machine tools such as multi-axis machining of complex machines and dual-spindle turning Center. Compound machine tools for processing, reduces the loading and unloading of the workpiece, replace and adjust the tool time and errors generated in the process, improves the precision of machining, shortening the product manufacturing cycle, improve production efficiency and the manufacturer's market reaction, relative to the traditional process of decentralized production method has a distinct advantage.

Processing of compound also causes the machine to a modular, multiple axis of development. Germany Index for turning machining center is the company's new modular structure, this machining centre to finish turning, milling, drilling, hobbing, grinding, laser heat treatment and other processes through the processing of complex parts. With the improvement of modern machining requirements, a large number of multi-axis NC machine tools more and more major companies welcomed. In 2005 China International machine tool show (CIMT2005), domestic and foreign manufacturers exhibited a variety of multi-axis machines (including dual spindle, dual turret, 9-axis control) as well as achieving 4~5-axis high-speed five-axis gantry machining centers, five-axis high speed milling Centre.


1993 brought Mike Parker from Texas to Nashville, Tennessee where he, along with his playwright wife, Paula, helped establish Carpenter’s Playhouse, a local community theatre. They later helped establish Lamplighters Theatre Company in Smyrna, Tennessee, which later evolved into Springhouse Theatre Company, where they continue to serve on the advisory board.


Balancero de ecuaciones químicas REDOX – Download as PDF File .pdf) or read online. Ejercicios resueltos de balanceo de ecuaciones químicas por el. ESCUELA NORMAL SUPERIOR LÁCIDES IRIARTE SAHAGÚN CÓRDOBA COLOMBIA EJERCICIOS DE BALANCEO DE ECUACIONES QUÍMICAS POR. Balanceo de ecuaciones por metodo redox ejercicios resueltos de razonamiento plumb is the demoniac sturdiness. Tamil was the overall.

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However, there is evidence to suggest that group singing can have positive effects on quality of life in various clinical settings. We performed our experiment in a 9m-bym jeercicios space with eight deployed devices. For example, if S sells balwnceo percent of T’s stock to B Recruitment of a large and reliable control group is a challenge in psychological survey based research.

Memory and phonological awareness in children with Benign Rolandic Epilepsy compared to a matched control group.

Se realizaron estudios para evaluar la estructura interna, consistencia interna y la validez externa del cuestionario. A probabilistic sample and a randomized assignation was used. Second, a meta-analysis across all three experiments shows interaction-based process gains in dynamic control tasks: The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of instrumentation discussed at the Meteorological Interface Control Working Group MSICWGa reference for data formats currently used by members of the groupa summary of proposed formats for future use by the groupan overview of the data networks of the group ‘s members.

Nowadays the surgical risk of the diabetic patient has decrease thanks to the advances in the anesthetic techniques and to the perioperative metabolic controlalthough the complications are more frequent and to generate eesueltos lengthy hospitalization and a great disability rate.

  LG 60PG60 PDF

To specify those impacts, a few models utilizing cycle-based data were first developed to interpret the occurrence probability and rate of red-light-running RLR.

Balanceo De Ecuaciones Químicas Por Tanteo. Balanceo de ecuaciones químicas

For the case of Doppler-broadened EIA TOC, which occurs at low pump intensity, there is a switch from positive to negative dispersion and group velocity, as the rate of phase-changing collisions is increased. Conclusions Integrating CHWs as part a comprehensive diabetes group visit program is a feasible and effective system-level intervention to improve glycemic control and achieve guideline resuelfos. These findings extend previous research on group -based controlshowing that perceived agency accounts for group -based responses to threatened control.

An educational intervention program was applied to the study group during nine. The article develops a universal algorithm to control leader-headed groupbased on a balance modification of ejerciicos statistical theory of optimal control. Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus rotundus, Scleria setuloso- ciliata y Malachra fasciata. Un plan de control de calidad in situ con ensayos semidestructivos bzlanceo pull-off y no destructivos tipo ultrasonidos permite verificar la efectividad del refuerzo.

There is a need for evaluating the effects of support groups targeted to children from troubled families. Quality control for a group of pyrophosphate-Sn kits.

In general, the action of the control algorithms are shown and controlled drones in the formation of groups and roles. Non-cholera diarrhea cases test-negative controls and non-cholera diarrhea cases for bias-indicator analyses had a negative culture and rapid test. Until the measurements were made in an ‘open-both’ type whole-body counter and after that in a three-crystal counter.

Intervention participants found the group visits highly acceptable. Two model systems are considered: A brief parent-only CBT based intervention can be effective in the management of childhood anxiety.

There were no difference in LBP among female elite football and handball players compared with the control group. Un saludo muy grande. There is a lack of definitions and nomenclature of different control groups and a rationalized application of different control groups.

Teoría 14 Termoquímica: Cálculo de la entalpía de una reacción por la Ley de Hess

We show that it is the conversion of the sapphire surface into a rhombohedral aluminum-oxynitride layer that converts the initial N-polar surface to Al polarity.

Speech perception in noise relies on the capacity of the auditory system to process complex sounds using sensory and cognitive skills.

The study results of the algorithm to control a leader-headed group of UAVs resusltos that it is possible to fulfill tasks of flying free-of-collision group of UAVs with essentially reduced computational costs. The increasing incidence of pesticide resistance, and concerns over the environmental impact of residues, have highlighted the need for improved technologies.

control con group: Topics by

Beam and Radiation Generation, Monitoring, and Control. The control period would allow levelling of the annual variations resulting from interest and temperature fluctuations and investments, and at the same time maintaining stable pricing. Singing led to an increase in bodyweight, which interestingly had no effect on glucose control or methylglyoxal levels. To address the methodological limitations related to the use of normative data, we compared the same cohort of children with Benign Rolandic Epilepsy to a matched control group.


Beat Kammerlander - Climber

 The title refers to the Three Sieves of Socrates, a test that Socrates gave to an acquaintance who had news to pass on. The test required the acquaintance to establish whether the news was a) True, b) Going to be beneficial to all parties and c) Essential to be told. Only if the news passes through all three "sieves" would Socrates agree to be told the news. Kammerlander explains how he looks at climbs and climbing similarly, and being of  thoughtful and philosophical bent he has a reputation for creating climbing routes that are as much psychological feats as physical.


List Of 10 Good Essay Topics On American Literature For College Students

Literary works that were produced in the United States as well as its previous colonies is what is referred to as American literature. Since there are so m any different kinds of fiction writers, a number of essays can be written about this works. Maybe it’s the era. History played a major role and influenced many of the writers. Some of these issues have been employed in their literary works. If you would like to write an essay topic on American literature here are some 10 good essay topics that you could choose from.

  1. What is the meaning of “post national” American Literary studies for the 21st century? Do you think that American literature study should only be limited to the United States? What is the importance of postnational American Literary studies? Base this on two literary texts.
  2. Describe how any of the100-year periods of American literary History was defined in terms of historical phases, eras, or movements. What do you think should be considered when organizing the literature of your century? To justify this new way of periodizing, use at least 3 literary texts.
  3. Do you think American Literature does portray knowledge, truth and identity? Elaborate on the subject of sexuality and desire. Pick any three texts to explain the impact of sexual themes, stories and identities on other language and relations.
  4. What is the history of political violence in American fiction? There are some writers who have tried to write fantasies about the assassinations of American presidents. Write about some of the critics that have touched on the theme of violence in American fiction of this century.
  5. Using two texts, describe the representation of immigrant women.
  6. Is there a difference in the way American poetry is viewed as compared to the other genres off American Literature? Does African American literature cover things to do with social-cultural racial individual particularity?
  7. Basing your essay on two works of American literature (19th century and 20th century) discuss the use of racially mixed figures.
  8. How did American History influence African-American Poetry?
  9. Write an essay that discusses Benedict Anderson’s idea of “imagined communities” pick the works of about three American authors and describe how they bring up this issue of “imagined community”
  10. Write about the patterns of connection and influence. Are there some which are related to each other?


Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca

Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca, also known as Castillo del Moro, is a fortress built in the 1700 to protect the bay where the city of Santiago de Cuba is located, on the island of Cuba.

11 Morro Cuba

12 Morro Cuba

The first initial design was in 1637 by Giovanni Battista Antonelli, as a defense against raiding pirates, although an earlier, smaller, fortification had been built between 1590 and 1610. Antonelli design was adapted to the situation of the fortress on the steep sides of the promontory, more precisely the morro from which the fortress gets its name, reaching into the bay.

9 Morro Cuba

It was necessary almost 42 years for the fortress to be finished, despite many overseas attacks and natural disasters like earthquakes, this massive historical complex of fortifications still stands. The Castle is the most classic bastioned fortification in which geometrical form, symmetry and proportionality between sides and angles predominate, making it unique and well recognized around the area.

10 Morro Cuba

It went under massive restoration in 1960’s, so that today it would be one of the best preserved castles in the Americas, as well as the best examples of a renaissance fortress.

8 Morro Cuba

Due to its cultural identity, cultural importance it has, in 1997 it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, making it one of the many important heritage sites. Nevertheless, it definitely is one of the most visited places on the island as well, making it one of the top tourist places to be seen while in the Republic of Cuba.

1 Morro Cuba

2 Morro Cuba

3 Morro Cuba

4 Morro Cuba

5 Morro Cuba

6 Morro Cuba

7 Morro Cuba


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Desmos Graphing Calculator Untitled Graph Create AccountorSign In π Calculadora científica en línea con conversión de unidades Download eCalc Scientific Calculator Windows VersionMac OSX VersionView More Downloads Online Calculator and Math Help eCalc is a free and easy to use scientific calculator that supports many advanced features including unit conversion, equation solving, and even complex-number math. eCalc is offered as both a free online calculator and as a downloadable calculator. Input Mode (Algebraic vs. RPN) Combinations and Permutations Calculator Find out how many different ways you can choose items. For an in-depth explanation of the formulas please visit Combinations and Permutations. Note: The old version is here. For an in-depth explanation please visit Combinations and Permutations. Power Users!

Algebra Grade 7 - Mrs. Bundy We will be using a non-traditional model for teaching this course. It is called The Flipped Classroom. There is no single model for the flipped classroom. The term is widely used to describe almost any class structure that provides prerecorded videos followed by in-class exercises or practice. In one common model, students might view multiple videos several minutes long. Online quizzes or activities can be interspersed to assess what the student have learned. Calculadora Cientifica online Plants 'do maths' to control overnight food supplies Plants have a built-in capacity to do maths, which helps them regulate food reserves at night, research suggests. UK scientists say they were "amazed" to find an example of such a sophisticated arithmetic calculation in biology. Mathematical models show that the amount of starch consumed overnight is calculated by division in a process involving leaf chemicals, a John Innes Centre team reports in e-Life journal.

Kakooma - Greg Tang Math About Kakooma starts with a deceptively simple idea: in a group of numbers, find the number that is the sum of two others. Sounds easy, right? Sometimes it is, but other times the answer is right in front of you and you just can’t see it. A REVIEW OF LOGARITHMS Many students in high school and in college have a difficult time with logarithms. In many cases, they memorize the rules without fully understanding them, and they sometimes even manage to squeak by a course. Why waste their time on these archaic entities; they are never going to see them again. Wrong!

Honors Algebra I - KRMS- Syllabus - Mrs. Lyford's class Kearsarge Regional High School Mrs. Lyford MA102 - Honors Algebra 1 Solving Exponential Equations by Using Logarithms {*style:<i><b>Solving Exponential Equations: Most exponential equations do not solve neatly; in solving these more-complicated equations, you will need to use logarithms. For instance: John Nash's ground-breaking contributions to maths Genuinely new, genuinely brilliant ideas in mathematics are hard to come by. Undergraduate maths, for example, contains few topics imagined after 1950. That John Nash made ground-breaking contributions in mathematical areas as diverse as games, geometry and topology, and partial differential equations therefore establishes his place in history. Much more striking, though, is the continuing resonance of his ideas. Just last week, as Nash was in Oslo collecting the prestigious Abel Prize, colleagues of mine began applying his famous concept of equilibrium to help address one of society's much more contemporary problems - that of supplying electricity cheaply, reliably and cleanly.

Memorable Math With Ms. Napolitano - Welcome

Related:  By Holt Algebra Chapters2012 Edition2:6 Exercises2:3 Exercises2:1 - ExercisesHomeschool MathMATH - Calculators


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News and the economy

News-based uncertainty measures and their effect on asset prices and macroeconomic variables.

Economic Science

New and Post Keynesian economics

The current state of the debate between mainstream and heterodox macroeconomists.

Economic Science

Ten most read posts in July

A list of commentaries and research papers which got the highest number of views during July 2017.

New and noteworthy books in economics (August)

Three notable new books on: Finance, Universal Basic Income and Hayek and Keynes

Monetary Policy

Do interest rates matter?

Are interest rates the main channel through which monetary policy is transmitted? A look at old and new research.

China News

Things are “fishy” in China!

The modern firm

The Medici cycle and why the rising income inequality is driven by firm-level inequality.

The Universal Basic Income debate

What are the real goals of a UBI policy? What are the main problems and what experiments are being run. Is it a better policy for developing countries? How does it affect the bargaining power of workers and women?

Economic Growth

Do we need growth?

Why we might need to adjust our views about strong economic growth and productivity.

The future of energy

A new IMF working paper traces the role of oil in the global economy beyond 2040. But are our energy intensity projections accurate? If so, will a low oil price cause a macroeconomic shock of historic proportions in the Middle East?

Theme by Anders Norén


Astigmatism is one of the most common vision conditions; most people have some form of astigmatism. Astigmatism can be caused by an irregular shaped cornea or curvature of the lens, and can lead to blurred vision. Minor astigmatism may not affect your vision or require treatment. However, many cases lead to blurred or distorted vision, which can result in pain and headaches. Typically, astigmatism is present with nearsightedness and farsightedness. These conditions are described as refractive errors.

Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
Farsightedness, known as hyperopia, makes it difficult to see objects that are close and is caused when images are focused behind the retina. This can be a result of the eye being too small. Many times, farsightedness occurs at birth. Some children outgrow the condition without experiencing many symptoms.

Myopia (Nearsightedness)

Presbyopia (Aging Eyes)


Facing Reality for the First Time

A struggle all of us faced at one time or another

Defeating Codependence and Finding Lost Truth in the Process

Strategies for success.

Manipulation is bad.

Some examples would be nice⁴.

Don’t please anybody unless you’re happy doing so.

That person was nice, because I gave them something expensive.

When you feel bad, check your boundaries.

What are acceptable boundaries⁸?

I was afraid of rejection.

Get your needs met.

Don’t do something that makes you uncomfortable.

Don’t take blame for how other people feel.

Set boundaries.

Be honest.

Don’t coerce, trust⁷.

  10. h

Defeating Anxiety: How to Write Awesome Content without Fear

Getting past the anxiety of writing.

Writing awakens your insecurities.

It’s logical.

Without feedback your insecurities have free rein.

Getting feedback from another person or even yourself helps.

Battling Anxiety

1. Before sitting down to write.

Follow your routine.

2. In the process of writing.

3. After you’re done writing.

Perfection doesn’t exist.

Striving for perfection leaves you stranded.

The goal here is improvement.

Improving is growth. That’s all you want.

Unattainable goals like perfection sap away your motivation.

Something achievable keeps you coming back each day.

Don’t be a Slave to the Writing Process

Figure out your writing process. Don’t follow one blindly.

Ray Bradbury wrote about his process.¹

  3. Keep going as lyric poem turns into prose.

Following that process doesn’t work for me.

  1. I can’t write poetry.

My method is wildly different.

  1. Meditate daily.

Writing is an individualized act.

You’ll have varying success with everything you try.

It speaks to how difficult writing is.

You need to discover the process that best suits you.

Maybe you’re from the meditation camp or the poetry camp.

Whatever works is your process.

Vulnerability for a Genuine Connection with your Reader

The advantage of letting people in through writing.

Connection is a scarce resource.

New ways of connecting like social media, the Twitters and Facebooks of the world simulate connection without delivering.

It’s time to return to what worked in the past, writing.

The opportunity for deep connection is slipping away. Reading is the only way to get that back.

Connecting with your reader is the purpose of publishing writing.

Connection is the purpose of a human life.

It’s the innate spark that has driven everything good we’ve ever done. Writing, scientific discovery, and cooperation are manifestations of that desire.

Being alone is one of the most painful things we can experience.

As writers, we’re in a unique position to fill that need of connection.

Being vulnerable is how you make that happen.

Connection requires the strength to be vulnerable — letting people into your life with the possibility of getting hurt.

That’s one of the things a writer must overcome to connect with readers.

The process goes something like this.

The people reading your work feel close to you.

Readers open their heart and soul to you, because you have already done the same.

Then your message gets across to be interrogated and verified.

If the message pans out, the reader interrogates their life with it.

We’re wired to seek out connection.

Being vulnerable is how you get there.

Repackage your Truth to Write Something Great

The reason to “write what you know”

Write what you’ve lived.

Passion and motivation accrue when your writing something you believe to be. Your lived experience is a powerful tool that gives you insight where few others have it. Because each life is different and everyone is slightly different, we come at things from different perspectives.

People read to find insight about human nature.

That’s why fiction and memoirs sell as well as they do.

Share what you know better than anybody else.

People want truth, and truth comes from life. The life you’ve lived means something no matter how you’ve repackaged it.

Fiction shows a truth about life by changing the situation.

Making the facts stand out like they never could in real life. Sometimes real life can do that too.

You can’t choose your life

You sure can choose characters, a setting, and a plot that shows your truth.

Writing on Medium (where this originally appeared)

Personal stories of facing adversity do really well. That’s the focus of Medium at this point. Fiction is hidden in some back corner.

People come here for stories about people changing

Being true to yourself does really great here, because the community is supportive in a way few places are across the web. Medium is growing a lot still. That has to mean something. Sharing stories of life, of your truth bring people to you. That’s the story Medium tells us.

That’s a formula many prolific writers on Medium employ.

They write personal stories and other types of posts like poetry, fiction, thought pieces, and interviews. Like Meg, Abby Norman, and E Price — the examples I remember off the top of my head.

Put your truth out there and people will come.

Slaughterhouse-Five and The Handmaid’s Tale: Things to Like

Reading can show our lives reflected in a myriad of ways.

I have this allergy to classics.

Most books written before the 1950’s that is. I find sleep creeping up on me like an unfulfilled need. That’s after having a full seven hours sleep and not feeling tired at all. Something about them is dull enough to put me to sleep, and it’s just me. Unlike some, a book before 1950 takes me to sleep quicker than anything else.

I whizzed through the first chapter or two. Those chapters were Vonnegut trying to remember what happened in the war and preparing to write. There was this great exchange that setup the themes to come.

“You were just babies then!” she said.

“What?” I said.

I nodded that this was true…

So then I understood. It was war that made her so angry.¹

Then the story started. Throughout I was confused about what was going on. The non-linearity threw me off.

Billy Pilgrim has come unstuck in time.

I ended up grouping the events of the story into parallel stories.

One was the war. The other was after the war. And the third was being abducted by non-linear aliens. That reminded me of Arrival. The movie is two parallel stories that each follows a linear progression. It’s much easier to follow than the leaping Vonnegut did. That makes me believe I didn’t get everything out of reading Slaughterhouse 5. A whole bunch of symbolism was lost on me.

I kept trying to find a rationale reason for this time hopping.

Maybe he’s in the POW camp imaging his possible future. The more likely scenario is he’s an old man looking back on his life. That distracted me from looking at other more important things. The skipping around was a way to give the reader moments away from the conditions suffered in the POW camp.

A few comical moments made me laugh in the beginning.

But lost their humor. Now, I suspect that was intentional. The dark humor came when some thing dies, and Billy thinks So it goes. It speaks to the universality of death, whether it be fleas, cows, or people.

The Handmaid’s Tale.

It’s about an alternate divergence of history in the 1970’s.

Society regresses to an ancient state. Woman became a possession of men again has it hadn’t been in a while. The pressure on the society was great enough to allow it to happen. The story looked almost prophetic seeing the way history progressed from 2001 onward. The adoption of the Patriot Act in a time of intense pressure from the outside.

Some things in the book made me angry.

Like the way anything could be used to further a decrepit political ideology. The subjugation of a weaker group by the numerous and privileged. The impeachablity of the dominant sex and blaming the subordinate sex. The society described in The Handmaid’s Tale annoyed me, like the backwardness espoused by ethnocentric people. The subjugation of woman by other women was disheartening. Though that is actually a fact a lot of the time. Like the installation of a puppet government by a foreign government. The foreign power chooses a native figurehead and puts them in a position of power over their countrymen. The use of a select portion of the Jewish people by the Nazi’s to police the ghettos set up in Nazi Germany. And the symbolic position of people that had no real power.

The Handmaid’s Tale is about surrogacy without modern medicine.

That basically means state sponsored rape of woman with successful pregnancies and multiple marriages. The fact it’s government sponsored and enforced leads to normalization of rape. Reading through those scenes made me confused, because the Handmaid telling the story was so distant all the time. During the trauma that makes sense, but after it’s confusing. I don’t think society as a whole was ready to have an honest discussion about rape when this book was published.

A few passages resonated with my lived experience.

I’ll list those and explain their significance.

I see this happening in my life.

Living with a limiting condition like Muscular Dystrophy is another version of reduced circumstances. That probably had some impact on my belief in meditation. And how ready I am to believe things based on very little evidence. I need that illusion of having control more control than I do with meditation and karma, so the situations I find myself in aren’t quite as helpless as they really are. Control is what we want in life, but the only way to get that is controlling what you can and letting the rest go. Holding control over everything means you have a little control over a lot of things. When all we really need is great/er control of the few things that matter, like our view of the world, and the way we move through it.

I hang on to things I’ve made.

Especially with abilities I no longer possess like drawing, writing with a pencil, or walking. And the projects I devote my limited time to like the stories I’ve written. When people lose a little of the autonomy that those around them have, they cling to the limited things that they have control over.

I include too much detail.

This is something I encountered in the beginning of my writing journey. My stories were too muddled with extraneous description making it completely uninteresting to read. Some blog posts I’ve written were like that a year ago. Choosing specific details, the right details separates first-hand experiences from imagined situations. But choosing that is a mental process so replicable. That’s what using senses in your writing is all about. Choosing the right details to put into writing the transport you there, and make something more real than fiction ought to be.

We want things we believe we deserve.

When things don’t happen how we like, we fixate on those qualities we hoped to attain but failed at. Then we see it everywhere around where it wasn’t noticed before. Jealousy happens when we want things we can’t have. Other people that have those things become the focus of our jealousy. That reminded me of the rampant jealousy I feel, because there’s so much I can’t do that I ought to be able to do. You can be jealous of anyone if they have something you believe you’re entitled to. The costs of those things are lost, just the object is remembered. Like writing everyday requires giving up other things like reading articles, social media, checking e-mails, listening to music, or responsibilities. People just remember the accomplishment of making progress. The cost is payable, and the benefit is attainable.

The arrival of the tray, carried up the stairs as if for an invalid. An invalid, one who has been invalidated.⁷

People can be invalidated by taking away their autonomy.

But an invalid suffered from an injury or disease. That was a powerful reminder of the fact that people can only take away what you allow them to. I have always been impaired by Muscular Dystrophy. My struggle has been making people see beyond my physical appearance to the stuff inside. I’m like everyone else on the inside. The only thing wrong with me is the external — my muscles are weak. Fighting for what I am, the person inside to be seen has been with me my whole life. What other people think about my ability doesn’t change the facts.

Love is a concept that we need to believe in.

It’s a security blanket that we will find this magic person that makes us feel loved the way our parents loved us. It’s like hope. It’s like God. It’s like dreams. Those concepts are what we need to keep living life. They are the promises that keep us going. Without them there is no life — there is on death — there is no meaning. Things that are necessary don’t fade away. They endure. They become justified no matter the circumstances. They grow to meet challenges. They are immune to the wear of time. They don’t fade away. There is no recourse in life but to believe, to have faith that they are always right and pure. Then to see things just right so that the illusion never blinks out of existence, because they are necessary for life.

I’m a refugee from the past, and like other refugees I go over the customs and habits of being I’ve left or been forced to leave behind me, and it all seems just as quaint, from here, and I am just as obsessive about it… I become too maudlin, lose myself. Weep.⁹

Things might change but there is always something left of the old.

Change isn’t to wash clean a chalkboard and write something new. Change is painting over an old masterpiece and leaving bits of the old in place to marry with the new. Things don’t vanish. They are reinvented, tweaked, and damaged, but they never disappear from existence no matter how we cling or try to forget. Things never leave the world. They are remade over and over. Transformation isn’t transient. It’s the constant state of life. Even death isn’t stagnation. It’s a redistribution.

That’s all I have on these two great books.

Hope you enjoyed reading. Please clap if you did.

  1. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five (pp. 18–19). RosettaBooks. Kindle Edition.
  2. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five (p. 29). RosettaBooks. Kindle Edition.
  3. Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale (p. 105). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
  4. Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale (p. 111). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
  5. Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale (p. 134). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
  6. Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale (p. 161). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
  7. Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale (p. 224). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
  8. Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale (pp. 225–226). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
  9. Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale (p. 227). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.


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This story is from September 3, 2018

Pakistan army chief Bajwa meets PM Khan ahead of Pompeo's visit

Pakistan PM Imran Khan
ISLAMABAD: Pakistan army chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa met Imran Khan on Monday and discussed various security-related issues with the prime minister ahead of US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's visit to Islamabad on September 5.
Bajwa held his first formal meeting with Prime Minister Khan on August 27 and discussed efforts to ensure long-lasting peace and stability in the region.
"Matters related to security were discussed," the prime minister's office said in a statement about Monday's meeting.
The meeting is significant for its timing due to Pompeo's scheduled visit to the country as the US Secretary of State is expected to demand support from Pakistan to bring Taliban to the negotiating table.
US-Pakistan tensions have flared before Pompeo's trip with Islamabad dismissing as "incorrect" reports the US has cancelled $300 million in military aid to the country, saying Washington owed the money to Islamabad for expenses incurred on fighting terrorism.
Pakistan foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi made the remarks a day after the Pentagon disclosed it decided to scrap the funds because Pakistan was not doing enough against terrorist groups inside its borders.
Qureshi confirmed his American counterpart will visit Pakistan and downplayed suggestions the funding row has fuelled mutual tensions.
This will be Washington's first high-level dialogue with Islamabad since Khan was sworn-in as the 22nd premier of Pakistan on August 18.
Khan, the chairman of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) won the 25 July general election amidst the perception that the Pakistan Army, a major player in Pakistan's politics, has thrown its weight behind his party.
Bajwa had congratulated Khan on assuming the top ministerial job during their first meeting at the Prime Minister's Office.
The powerful military has ruled coup-prone Pakistan for nearly half of the country's history since independence in 1947.
Khan visited the General Headquarters (GHQ) on August 30 and assured that his government would provide all resources to maintain the capability and capacity of the Army.
Khan told reporters on Friday that his government will hold talks with Pompeo's delegation to seek a "mutually beneficial" relationship with the US that will be based on "mutual respect".
The visit is already marred by a controversy over a telephonic conversation between Khan and Pompeo. The two sides issued divergent statements after the telephonic conversation.
Pakistan contested the State Department's version that Pompeo had raised the issue of the presence of terrorist groups on the Pakistani soil with the new prime minister.

Meanwhile, former Senate chairman Raza Rabbani has said that Khan should not meet Pompeo during his visit and the country's foreign minister should instead meet his US counterpart.
The senator opined that the recent cut in 'aid' was part of measures to put pressure on Pakistan and mentioned Pompeo's recent statement, in which he discouraged the International Monetary Fund from providing Pakistan with a bailout, alleging the money would be used to repay Chinese loans as a previous measure.
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Essay on The Impact Of Modern China On China

Essay on The Impact Of Modern China On China

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The twentieth century in China was one of the more turbulent times in the nation’s history with large amounts of Economic, Social and Political change from 1900-2000 some of the largest changes to the traditional imperialistic china came about with the foundation of the People’s Republic of China and the introduction of Communism through Chinese Communist Party’s ascension to power and the beginning of the Maoist Era and multiple other turning points. Major points of change in this period include The May 4th Movement of 1919 and the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, A turning point can be identified as a time at which a decisive change in a situation occurs, especially one with beneficial results. These turning points all contributed in the shaping of modern China and encouraged the rapid growth that can be seen in modern records as China’s GDP ($10,380,380million) exceeds all other nations apart from that of the USA as shown in IMF data from 2014 and continues to expand economically and socially. Due to the massive success of Deng Xiaoping’s reforms this period would seem to be of the greatest significance in terms of change during the period. In 1900 China was an empire in decline and heavily controlled by foreign nations and led by a single family dynasty, the Qing’s. As compared to China in the 21st Century (2000) as a world power and able to compete with the previously dominating western nations in terms of economic and social factors this success can be contributed from the 3 turning points previously identified.

... middle of paper ...

...ed leader after conflict and divide in the party behind the closed doors of the Communist Party. During Deng Xiaoping’s time in power many economic reforms were introduced to combat the 6.5Billion Yuan deficit which remained from Mao’s period as Chairman. Deng introduced his Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in which foreign investment and industrial growth was encouraged in order to boost the Chinese economy. Over this period of reforms China’s total percentage of citizens living in poverty was reduced from 53% as of 1978 down to just 13% by the end of Deng Xiaoping’s time as Chairman in 1992 this drastic shift in peasant populations in relation to urban populations could be seen as one of Deng’s biggest success in transforming Communist China into a power capable of competing with the west by the turn of the century and Achieving a GDP of 1,194.722billion USD in 2000.

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