Investing for Teens: Helpful Tips and Advice

investing for teens - tips

Investing is the process of buying assets with the intention to profit off the growth of the asset over time. The asset can be sold for profit or purchased as a source of future income. Some of the popular assets you can buy today include bonds, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), annuities, certificates of deposits and stocks.

Investing is essential for growing your wealth and can be quite useful. Technology through the internet has made it possible for you to have information on trading markets all over the world. Therefore, anyone can start investing their money no matter their age.
You can never be too young to start. There is no excuse.

Here are some smart investing tips for teens:

Increase your knowledge

Like every other human endeavor of some importance, adequate preparation is non-negotiable. To start investing, you have to arm yourself with the necessary knowledge.

The best way to go about it is by reading up on investing. There are tons of materials – books, magazines, websites, journals and news on investing out there. By reading, you’ll learn about all the markets worldwide such as the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. You’ll also learn investment strategies and how to assess an asset before you buy it.

Even Warren Buffet and other investment gurus were not born with the knowledge, they had to learn just like anyone else.

You do not have to learn everything. Focus on a couple of investing tools and strategies that you feel will work for your current financial situation. As you start your investing adventure, other investing knowledge will come your way eventually. Therefore, you should set to learning all you can about investing but don’t expect and try to learn everything.

Work for your Money

You will not really learn to properly value money until you start to earn your own pay. The best way to understand the value of money is by working for it so long as it doesn’t interfere with your education. School breaks are excellent opportunities for any youngster that is determined to master the money game to work.

This work experience will teach you to look at an expense through the lens of how many hours you’ll have to work to get it. For example, an $80 drone with HD camera will now appear as 10 hours of solid work at $8 per hour. You’ll, therefore, know to manage your money better knowing all the struggles that went into earning it.

Working as a teen provides you with valuable knowledge and experience which will jumpstart your assimilation into working life. The money saved from your labor will be the seed money that will help you on your way to financial success through investing.

Aside from management skills, working whether part-time or in the summer is a great start for any teenager. You will learn to be more independent and will get you started early with networking, which is an important step for success.

Start to Invest

Now you have read up on investing and started following investment news, it’s time for you to wet your feet. There are a variety of financial accounts that your parents or a guardian can help you set-up. Here are some of the best options to look into:

A Roth IRA

Once you start your first job, even if part-time, you should start a Roth IRA with after-tax income. A Roth IRA is a retirement account which allows an individual to set aside a certain amount of their income each year. You’d probably say that you’re not ready to retire, but know that no one is too young to save for their retirement.

A Roth IRA makes sense for a teen because their marginal tax rate is meager. The minimum investment to open an account with investment firms varies from $1,000 and $2,500. If you haven’t saved up that much, you can keep the money in a high-yield saving account for the time being. For some accounts, you can start with less than the minimum opening amount if you set-up an automatic monthly transfer from your bank account.

Roth IRA differs from the traditional IRA in that they allow for the tax-deferred accumulation of investment earnings, meaning they are not subject to annual capital gains. They also allow you penalty-free withdrawals for educational purposes or the purchase of a first-time home.

To get started with Roth IRA, you can visit your local bank, a brokerage or other financial institutions. You can even easily open an account online and start monitoring your investments in no time.

When you open an account, you will be presented with a variety of investment options. Now, this is where it gets a little trickier, especially for teenagers who are still in the process of learning. My suggestion would be to choose an option that’s less risky for now and learn as you progress. You can always change your investment funds whenever you feel you are ready to do so.

ETFs or Exchange Traded Funds are an increasingly popular way of investing in the financial market. An ETF is an investment fund which is traded on the stock ETFs usually track equities, bond index or a commodity, and there are no direct exposures to these assets.

They are also traded like equities in the stock market which means they can be traded at any time during market hours. However, unlike a stock they are not individual business instead they are grouped into different categories. A single ETF can be a combination of bonds, equities, commodities, and other financial instruments.

ETFs are an attractive investment option for teens because of their tax efficiency, stock-like features, and low cost. It even requires a smaller amount to start than mutual funds. And unlike mutual funds, ETFs are flexible, and you can redeem them at any time you want.

Since they deal with market products, ETFs are medium risk options. However, there’s a small risk of your assets going for less than the principal. These assets offer a diverse portfolio which is critical to long-term investment success.

Investing for teens

Savings and checking accounts

Most online banks offer higher interest rates than traditional banks. But interest rates aren’t the main reason for opening bank accounts as a teen. The purpose of this account is to help you learn money management fundamentals. Teenagers can open an account in their own name, but most banks will prefer a parent or guardian co-sign with the teen.

We co-signed with our kids when they first opened their savings account at our local bank. If I can still remember it well, we opened the account for them when they were seven or eight years old. All the money that was given to them as gifts for their birthdays and Christmas Holidays were all deposited to these savings accounts.

One of the most popular online savings banks is Ally. According to their website, they are rated as the best online bank by Money Magazine in 2018. Another option would be to check out this list of online best online savings account for 2019 at

One obvious advantage of a savings account is it is a liquid account, which means you can access your money any time you need it.

Index mutual fund

Teens can now open a Roth IRA with a minimum investment – with the money saved up from working part-time. Then he or she can choose which investment but a Roth IRA is an account for holding or retirement fund and not a typical investment in itself.

Teens are better off starting investing with an index mutual fund. And even for grown-up, a portfolio of only index mutual fund is a good idea for adults. Index mutual funds provide broad market exposure, have low operating expenses, low portfolio turnover and do not try to beat the market.

With index funds, you get the advantage of broad diversification. For example, if you’re index fund tracks the S&P 500, it will be 500 companies, which represents more than 50% of Americans value of stocks. If one sector goes up and another goes down, your investment will still be fine simply because you have an investment in every sector of the American economy.

529 college savings plan

One of the best way teens can invest their savings is the 529 plan. It’s a college savings plan with tax and financial aid benefits. These are money that gets invested in after-tax dollars which then gets invested into an investment account. If they are used for a college education or K-12 they come out as tax-free. They are just like the Roth IRA, but the Roth is for retirement and the 529 plan is for a college education.

A college education can be quite expensive, so it’s important to start early to grow funds for it. The 529 plan offers stable returns and is moderately risky.

For operational ease, each state has its unique 529 plan system to help save towards college. This savings plan does not carry a tax liability until they are withdrawn to pay for college. The plan has flexible limits for contribution, and the upper limits can be high. There are also gift and estate tax benefits accruing for this plan.

Investing in stocks gives you part ownership in a company. The value of a stock changes all the time. When the price of a stock goes up, your investment increases in value. And if the price falls, the value goes down as well.

For teens, their first foray into owning stock should focus on companies they can relate to. The winning strategy is to carefully curate investment opportunities to maximize returns and reduce risks to the barest minimum.

Stable and sound blue-chip company’s stocks are an excellent choice for teens.

Investing takes some time and effort to master. But it’s a veritable way to grow wealth. It’s therefore essential to start early – and the teenage years are the best time. Teens should start with low-risk investments like savings accounts and certificate of deposits, and as they accumulate more savings and gain experience, branch out to higher risk investments like stocks and ETFs.

It doesn’t take a lot of money to start investing profitably because the power of compounding interest can grow a small savings substantially over time.

The focus of investing for teens is not so much for profit, but rather, more of an education in investing. And since most teens do not have a lot of money for investing, the opportunities presented in this article focused on those with lower processing fees and lower minimum investment amount so as not to erode profit with processing fees, taxes, and charges.

BA in Accountancy, he entered the entrepreneurial world by starting his first online marketing business in 2004. Passionate about personal finance, the stock market and a digital marketing addict. I also love to read books on entrepreneurship and technology and always on the lookout for new opportunities. I'm an avid golfer and currently a 15 handicapper.

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Reluctant Followers: Judge and Jury

When we judge inappropriately, we actually turn the spotlight away from others and places it full
force onto us. Every time we are wrongly critical, falsely condemning, legalistic and judgmental, we are saying, “My way is better than God’s way!” But God always has the last word. His judgment, unlike ours, is trustworthy and will always, in every situation, be utterly righteous..

Open: Have you either caused or been a victim of an attack of gossip, slander, or condescending remarks? How did you feel? What did it do to you or the other person? What did you learn?

Read: James 4; Leviticus 19:16-18; Matthew 7:1-5; 15:18-19; 1 Corinthians 6:2

1. In what ways do you see slander as a major problem in our world today? Is judgment good or bad? In what ways do we need to judge? In what ways do our judgments tend to go wrong? Where is the line between being biblically discerning versus being overly critical? If you confront someone in sin or error and he says, “You’re being judgmental,” how would you respond?

2. What caused James’ audience to slander? Why is slander such a struggle in our communities and churches today? Have you ever heard the phrase, “Judgment is easier than mercy”? What does this statement mean? Is it true?

3. James uses the law as proof that slander is wrong. How do both the Old Testament Law and the Law of Love demonstrate the faultiness of slander? What happens when we take the place of God as the judge?

4. How are these negative judgments and slander actually against yourself? What do false allegations, gossip, and slander do to the church? How is this attractive to other Christians or to non-Christians? What do these behaviors really do to the Kingdom of God?

5. What can you do to help prevent yourself from being judgmental, critical, comparing others to you or your ideas, gossiping, or crafting the well placed put-down. What steps would help? How can you go to someone privately with constructive criticism in love, and offer gentle, humble criticism and help that would uplift him or her? Pray that you would look at people through the eyes of God.

Pray: Pray that you would be careful to know when, where, and how to have healthy conversations about others.

Memorize/Meditate: Do not speak evil against one another, brothers. The one who speaks against a brother or judges his brother, speaks evil against the law and judges the law. James 4:11


I'm leading, is anyone following?

In this paper you will learn how project managers should create, lead, and manage to form a successful project team. Techniques such as laying the team groundwork, focusing communication and information, synergizing the team, and providing effective leadership are discussed.

Lay the Foundation

The first thing you as a project manager must do for your project team is to prepare to lead them. Project management is more than just tracking budgets and schedules; it’s coaching, motivating, and engaging a group of people and forming them into a team. A key area you must serve in is as a model to shape “behavior and performance that reflects the expectations set for the team”. (Campbell, 2002) Thus a logical step for the project manager is to define team guidelines and set team expectations. By setting these, you create a working framework for the project team.

Prepare to Manage People, Not Just a Project

Leading without Authority

One of the major challenges that many project managers face is working in a matrix environment where they have little real authority. This lack of authority can be further compounded when team members are spread across multiple projects and know that all of these projects are only temporary. Their real commitment lies with their functional manager, not the project manager.

Within a matrix environment, you must learn to lead without authority. There are four key steps to this:

  • Initiate collaboration
  • Demonstrate integrity
  • Generate understanding
  • Create commitment
    (Ridlon, 2002)

The first step, Initiate Collaboration, requires determining who needs to be involved and how much involvement they need. At a minimum, there is the project team; but are there other stakeholders or parties that have a need to collaborate with the project team? Identify these people and figure out how to engage them as well. Some activities that you can use to help this step are holding an inclusive kickoff meeting, hosting a getting to know you session, and performing a stakeholder analysis that assesses their roles, needs, and concerns.

Another important component to leading without authority is Demonstrate Integrity. Who wants to follow a leader or a project manager that doesn’t set a good example? Do you follow the expectations that you have set for the team? You must. Are you sincere in your comments and praise for your team? Be sure to really mean what you say. By showing integrity you will establish the trust of your project team.

Generate Understanding, the third step, involves establishing the goal of the project. The project team needs to clearly understand why the team was formed and what outcome is expected. Be sure all the team members understand the project goals and scope and remind them of the goal throughout the project. Once the goal is understood, make sure the team develops the solution and figures out a plan to implement it.

Lastly, Create Commitment is a key to effective engagement. Generating commitment to the project is a long, slow process, but it’s worth it in the long run. It’s an incremental activity so it doesn’t happen immediately. It is first gained by ensuring team collaboration and understanding the project goal. The team has to buy in to the whole “project idea” before they will agree to commit. Once you have gotten their commitment, make sure everyone understands what he or she committed to and then create and nurture that commitment through the life of the project. Some ways to begin generating commitment are to involve the team in the project planning. Hold Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) sessions and collect everyone’s ideas, involve them in determining the schedule and critical path, and develop the risk plan with the team. When people participate in the development of plans, they feel more ownership of them and thus feel more committed.

As Flannes and Levin write “Within this mix of conflicting loyalties and commitments, the project manager must be able to apply people skills to motivate each team member.” (Flannes, 2005, p 12) Once you have gained the skills to lead without authority, you must then work to provide motivation to your project team. Learning to motivate is a foundational skill for a project manager.

At the heart of motivation are goals. The project goals have already been established and committed to, but what about the team’s personal goals? One technique for determining personal goals is to ask the team three questions:

  • At the end of the project, what would you like to see achieved or completed?
  • What do you want customers to say about us?
  • What have you learned on the project?

Answers to these questions will vary from one team member to another.

Now that you understand your team’s personal goals, what drives them to achieve their goal? People can be motivated by learning, new technology, working with people, working with new customers, or achievement of a project well done. See Exhibit 1 for a checklist of areas that can guide you in looking for motivational preferences.

Motivational Checklist for the Project Manager

Exhibit 1: Motivational Checklist for the Project Manager

Find out what is unique about each person, how they like to be motivated, and capitalize on it.

Set Team Guidelines

Everyone needs boundaries. Think back to when you were a child. Your parents told you the rules of their household and expected you to follow them. If you didn’t there were consequences. It’s not much different in your career. Your boss relays the company’s expectations, and you are expected to follow them. If you do, you can succeed. If you don’t, your career may struggle.

Your project team is the same way. They need rules and boundaries to follow in order to effectively engage with the project team. They need to know the boundaries as well as the limits. You, as the project manager, need to define guidelines and ground rules for your team, review rules before meetings, and stick to them. See Exhibit 2 for sample ground rules that can be used in project meetings. Use a set of team-defined ground rules in your kick off meeting and in subsequent meetings as needed.

Sample Ground Rules

Exhibit 2: Sample Ground Rules

Other guidelines that should be set for the project team center around communication methods and activities. For example, create a project workspace where everyone stores their project documents, agree to create project documents with standard software, and define communication protocol and escalation practices.

Tailor Communication and Meetings

Now that you have laid down the foundation for managing a project team and have gotten them engaged, you must continue to ensure that they are as productive as possible and must help to reduce information overload. Techniques that can be used to increase team productivity focus around communication and meetings.

Establish a Communication Process

As the project manager, you regulate the pulse of the team. Establish a regular meeting day and frequency for them. It’s good for them to know when to expect status meetings, working sessions, and other types of meetings. It helps the project team to plan and helps balance their project work with other responsibilities.

Make sure too, that the team understands how to communicate within the team framework. For example, what are the expectations for escalating issues or raising questions via emails or in meetings? Agree on the process with the team in advance to avoid having the entire project team and user community copied on a topic that should have only been shared with the core project team.

Also, since email has become a more time-consuming task, help the project team keep the email to a minimum to help reduce their information overload. At the beginning set up an email lists and determine with the team what type of information should be shared with which email list. And, if possible, set the first few characters of the subject line to indicate the project name so that they can easily sort out project email from other types.

Develop your Communication Plan

Communication is a major component of all projects for many reasons. It can help get the team engaged, informed, and reminded of the project goal. It is also important to communicate plans and intentions to make sure there are no surprises or misses in the execution of the project. Make sure that your communication plan is robust. It should include a list of the key project stakeholders, your project team, the project’s user community, and other impacted audiences. Analyze each of these audiences and plan your communications to them. Include status meetings, user surveys, as well as formal and informal communication mechanisms such as email announcements or lunch and learns.

Along with email, meetings can consume time and energy from your project team. It is important for you to model the right meeting behavior for your project team to help keep the energy alive and to help them make the best use of their time.

Invite the Right People

The first principle in modeling meeting behavior is to invite the right people. Not everyone on the project team needs to be included in every meeting. Your business expert does not need to help build the implementation plan for the project. Ask yourself what the role and purpose of each invitee would be before sending them a meeting invitation. If you understand what they will be expected to contribute and the value they will get from the meeting, it will help you determine whether to include them or not. Remember, the fewer meetings they attend, the more time they have for project work.

Plan your Meetings

Don’t just hold a meeting because a meeting is scheduled. Always plan your meetings with a goal in mind. If there is no goal for a meeting, cancel the meeting! If there is a goal, prepare an agenda in advance so you know what topics should be covered to achieve the meeting goal. Remind the participants of the meeting goals and the agenda in advance of the meeting so they can prepare themselves in advance for your meeting. This is especially important if there are action items or work products that have to be discussed. Finally, review your team ground rules. (Doyle, 1976, p 56) Remind the team often what has been agreed to and make sure that you follow the rules as well.

Minutes, Minutes, Minutes

If people can’t remember or agree on what actually occurred at a meeting, how can the team effectively accomplish its objectives? Minutes are important project documents because they capture main ideas and discussion topics, action items, and key decisions from the meetings. As follow-up and to make sure everyone is aware of the decisions and actions from a meeting, email minutes to your team list or post them in your project workspace.

One way minutes can be used is as an effective communication tool. The goal of one of my projects was tied to the company’s environmental initiative. Needless to say, there were many people interested in the progress and key decisions for the project. In order to make sure the meetings were managed well, only the key participants were invited. But to meet the increased project interest, I emailed the meeting minutes to my extended team members thereby freeing them up from attending the meeting and allowing the meeting discussions to remain focused.

Review, Renew, Release

Does the team need to meet? Review your regularly scheduled meetings throughout the life of your project and think about the meetings goals and attendees. Does the project team have different needs since the meeting was established? If so, reflect on whether or not the meeting is still accomplishing its original objective. One way to quickly determine this is within the meeting itself. Review meeting objectives at the beginning of the meeting and again at the end. Ask the team if the meeting is achieving its objectives and what can be changed. If the objectives are met, think about the meeting attendees and whether they are still the right people to meet. You should determine if team members need to be added or dropped from the meeting invitation.

If the meeting is not achieving its goals, renew the objective or purpose of the meeting. For example, a meeting that worked well at the beginning of a project may not work well in the middle of the project. If you find a meeting continually ends early, is being cancelled regularly, or has changed from a status meeting to a working session, consider reexamining and renewing the meeting. In the case of a shorter meeting, send out a new meeting invitation for a smaller duration of time. When a meeting is being cancelled frequently, evaluate how often that group should assemble to accomplish the meeting purpose, and modify the meeting for that frequency. Lastly, if the meeting has changed in nature such as from a status meeting to a work session, make sure that all the meeting invitees are appropriate for the meeting type and modify as necessary.

Finally, if the meeting is not needed anymore, release the meeting and return the time back to the participants. Everyone is grateful for an extra hour or two back on their calendar.

Create Team Synergy

If you are familiar with Bruce Tuchman’s forming, storming, norming, and performing team stages (1965), you know that teams can linger in the storming and norming stages. Your goal as the project manager is to get your team to the performing stage as soon as possible. Three ways to rapidly move your team to a performing team are by using team recognition, encouraging good results, and creating a team identity. The first step in creating a team is to figure out if you are one. Answer the questions in Exhibit 3. If you answered more yes’s than no’s, you are on your way to leading a team.

Is Your Group a Team?

Exhibit 3: Is Your Group a Team?

Team Recognition

Make sure you understand what motivates your team both personally and as a group. Along with the approaches to determine personal motivations in Exhibit 1, you can ask the team what they’d like to do to celebrate their successes. A manager of mine used a Recognition Preference template (Exhibit 4) which asks about high, medium, or low preferences for certain types of rewards such as movie tickets, monetary rewards, and restaurant certificates. That type of form can give you a clue for celebration ideas.

Just as it is important to plan communication, risk, and schedule, it can be just as important to plan team recognition. Giving recognition does not come easily for some people, so scheduling it in advance, or at least reminding yourself to think about it isn’t a bad idea. Review your team’s contributions on a recurring basis to determine if anyone has done an above and beyond job on the project within that timeframe. Reward them with a restaurant certificate, a lunch out, some time off or another selection from their rewards preferences.

Also, schedule team events for milestone achievements. This is especially important for projects that span many months. Team energy and motivation can hit all time lows as a project progresses. Make it a goal for you to keep the project team’s energy at peak levels.

Reward and Recognition Preferences

Exhibit 4: Reward and Recognition Preferences

Encourage Good Results

That which gets reviewed, measured, and rewarded gets done. Gauge the energy/synergy of the team and respond appropriately. If the team is stalling or has had some setbacks, a little encouragement goes a long way. If you have a pervasive attitude that everyone’s work is important, they’ll respond by providing good results.

Team Identity

Create commonness for the team. You can get matching t-shirts, find a recurring joke, or provide a team mascot. One project team I knew had a stuffed animal that came to all the team meetings. When times got tough, the team took out their frustration on the stuffed animal instead of the project manager!

Provide Exceptional Team Leadership

“Knowing how to draw together a team and how to provide them with the skills and tools necessary for teamwork may be among the most crucial roles of the project manager.” (NASA, 2001) Once you’ve synergized the team, make sure you continue to provide exceptional team leadership to help them move from a performing team to a high-performing team.

Create a Decision-Making Strategy

An area that should be planned in advance is the team’s approach for decision making. Discuss creating a decision-making approach with team from beginning and work to ensure that a plan is put in place. Make sure decision roles are understood by the entire team and be clear on who will make decisions or recommendations and for what situations. Agree to disagree within the team discussion, but once the decision is made it is critical that all team members support the final decision. Once a decision is made, communicate the decision along with who made it.

When creating your team’s decision strategy, keep in mind that there is a time and place for all types of decisions. Not every decision can be made by the entire project team. Certain decisions must be made autocratically, others can be made democratically, and finally some decisions can be delegated to portions of the project team. The mode the team is in can determine the appropriate decision making methods. For example, a decision needing quick turn around may need to be made autocratically since the time to gain full team consensus may not be available. (Verzuh, 2004)

Inspire Positive Attitudes

Be nice to everyone. Greet and smile at your teammates. Open your meetings with inquiries about personal topics that are appropriate to share with the team. Topics such as an upcoming vacation, plans for a big event, or an eventful weekend work well. Small talk encourages trust between team members as well as creating team identity.

Lavish praise on your teammates. Don’t just wait for the major milestone to recognize good work. Tell them when they have done something that exceeded your expectations like beating a deadline for a project deliverable or being sensitive to others. (Gallo) Learn if the individuals on the team receive satisfaction from personal gestures such as cards, team gatherings, or visibility from upper management. If so, recognize them with those when appropriate. In my company, some IT project team members also serve as run/maintain support. In one case a team member volunteered to switch with the nightly on-call person during an application move to a new system environment. Her explanation? She knew that there might be difficulties with some of the software runs in the middle of the night. Since the project team would have to fix the issues, she didn’t want to inconvenience the on-call person. She got a gift certificate in appreciation of her thoughtfulness and warm thanks from me.

Choose for Success

Give the project team a choice between yes and yes, not between yes and no. For example, ask them, “Do you want to work on this task or that task?” Don’t ask, “Do you want to do this?” That’s an easy out for them if they say no or it puts them on the spot to say yes. You want to be sure they are really agreeing to the task and not just feeling pressured into doing it. Give them an option between yes and yes.

Don’t take this technique too far though. Don’t give them a choice between yes and yes and yes. Too many decisions can lead to no decision at all. (D‘Souza, 2005)

Just because a team member has been assigned to work on a project doesn’t mean they’re automatically engaged. You can address the barriers to effective engagement, including lack of commitment, information overload, and inefficient time use by preparing yourself to manage people, not just projects. Also, by setting team expectations and defining team guidelines, you create a working framework for your project team. Once the framework is established, you must continue to support and nurture them by using proven techniques for focusing communication and meetings which can increase team productivity. To keep the team focused and driving towards the project goals, you need to apply approaches for creating team synergy. Lastly, by using exceptional leadership skills such as creating a decision-making strategy, inspiring positive attitudes and allowing your team to choose for success, you can help to move your team to a high-performing work team.

Campbell, S. (ed) (2002) Harvard ManageMentor. Leading a Team. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. [Retrieved from an internal online copy]

Doyle, M. & Straus, D. (1976) How to Make Meetings Work. Berkley, CA: Berkeley Publishing Company.

D'Souza, S. (2005, March 29). The Choice Between Yes and Yes: A Psychological Revelation. Retrieved on July 29, 2006, from www.MarketingProfs.com http://www.marketingprofs.com/5/dsouza41.asp.

Flannes, S. & Levin, G. (2005). Essential People Skills for Project Managers. Vienna, VA: Management Concepts Incorporated.

Gallo, C. (no date). 8 Tips to Inspire Positive Attitudes. Retrieved on July 9, 2006, from AskMen.com http://www.askmen.com/money/successful_100/148_success.html.

NASA Headquarters Library. (2001, November). Group Dynamics and Decision Making for Project Success. Retrieved on July 9, 2006, from http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/hqlibrary/ppm/ppm17.htm.

Ridlon, L. (2002, Spring) Leading without Authority—The Fours Gears Process. Center for Quality of Management Journal [Electronic Version]. Retrieved on July 30, 2006 from http://cqmextra.cqm.org/cqmjournal.nsf/reprints/rp13050.

Tuckman, B. (1965). Developmental Sequence in Small Groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63, 384.

Verzuh, E. (2004, October). High Performance Teams: Building the Problem Solving Machine. PMI Global Congress: North American 2004, Anaheim, California, United States of America.

© 2006, Joli Mallick
Originally published as a part of 2006 PMI Global Congress Proceedings – Seattle, Washington

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Bacopa Monnieri

Bacopa Monnieri is a traditional herb used for Alzheimer's disease, improving memory, anxiety, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), allergic conditions, irritable bowel syndrome, and as a general tonic to fight stress. Bacopa is predominantly found in the wetlands of India, Africa and Southern America. Some studies have shown Bacopa to improve word recal & prevent rises of anxiety *7, Improve learning abililty *8 and improve memory in both healthy persons and those in cognitive decline *9. Bacopa interacts with dopamine and serotonin systems, but its main mechanism concerns promoting neuron communication. It does this by enhancing the rate at which the nervous system can communicate by increase the growth of nerve endings (dendrites).

N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine

N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT) is a highly bio-available form of L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a naturally occurring amino acid that is responsible for producing noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain (noradrenaline enables the body to perform well in stressful situations whilst dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter linked with reward-motivated behaviour). NALT is popular amongst busy professionals and college students due to its reported ability to enhance cognition during periods of sleep deprivation and its perceived ability to aid performance under stress. Tyrosine has been shown in some studies to improve cognition during extended wakefulness *10 reduce effects of stress and fatigue on cognitive performance *11, preserve working memory *12 and reduce environmental stress *13.

Acetyl L-Carnitine

Acetyl-L Carnitine (ALCAR) an Acetylated form of the amino acid L-Carnitine. L-Carnitine is present in protein rich foods such as red meats, chicken, lamb and some dairy produce. Its primary role is to aid the metabolism of fat throughout the brain and body and thus ALCAR is used for mental energy, brain signalling, alertness and memory. ALCAR is considered an antioxidant that removes toxins from the brain and cells, helping to strengthen neutrons, repair receptions and fight against brain aging by strengthening the myelin sheaths that surround and protect our nerves. Importantly for our formula, studies have shown in some cases Carnitine can significantly improve attention *14, increase blood flow *15, increase cognitive status and physical functions in certain demographics *16, reduces cognitive fatigue and improves cognitive focus *17.

Caffeine & L-Theanine

Caffeine is a powerful stimulant and Nootropic, it is the most widely used stimulant on the market and is believed to be consumed daily by up to 90% of Americans. Caffeine sensitises Neurons and provides mental summation, it is shown to be a reliable and effective method of producing stimulative effects *18.

L-Theanine is an amino acid found primarily in green tea, it is considered slightly relaxing but non-sedative. A combination of L-Theanine and Caffeine is noted to be synergistic in promoting cognition and attention, when consumed together these substances have been shown to reduce susceptibility to distraction *19 promote alertness *20 and improve performance on cognitively demanding tasks 21*.

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is essential for proper brain development and function, it is shown to produce the mood regulating hormones serotonin and norepinephrine which may be important for nerve communication whilst it enables the body to use and store energy from protein and carbohydrates. Vitamin B6 rich foods include Pork, Poultry Fish & Bread. Daily intake of Vitamin B6 is advised for digestive, immune, muscular & nervous system function.

Preliminary research has linked Vitamin B6 to reducing risks of degeneration and stroke, seizures, chronic pain and depression whilst deficiencies in Vitamin B6 are linked to fatigue, loss of coordination and mental confusion.

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is shown to be essential for synthesis of DNA, RNA and Neurotransmission, along with the maintenance of the protective myelin sheets around neutrons. Deficiencies can lead to nerve disease, imbalance and cognitive decline.

B12 is advised daily to aid cerebral circulation, neurotransmission and mood regulation. Foods such as Shellfish, Liver and Crabs are notable high in their Vitamin B12 content and those who do not intake enough on a daily basis may feel tired and lethargic.

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Note - Viite Nutrition is a brand name of RCT Labs Limited.  The statements provided by RCT Labs Limited have not been evaluated by the FDA or MHRA. RCT Labs Limited's product's are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.


Thanks go to Ranald (Plot 75) for bringing this advice from Scottish Water to our attention.

Scottish Water – Advice

Customers across Scotland asked to use water wisely  03 July 2018

Scottish Water is asking customers to use water wisely in their daily activities to help maintain supplies during the current period of hot summer weather.

Following a sustained dry period without any significant rainfall, customer usage has increased significantly. With the current weather conditions forecast to continue, Scottish Water is encouraging people to take simple but important steps to conserve our public water supplies.

In some areas, there has been a 30% increase in demand for water during the summer so far and an additional 140 million litres are currently being produced and pushed through the system every day to meet current customer usage.

Scottish Water has been monitoring the situation closely and managing supplies across the country, including deploying additional resources to move water between distribution areas and tankering water to supplement local networks.

Some water treatment works and distribution networks are working at near capacity to meet demand.

Average reservoir levels are generally normal for this time of year but the current level of usage and continuing dry weather means stocks of stored water available for use are reducing.

Customers are being asked to reduce usage wherever possible. Businesses are also being asked to consider their usage and how they can use water more efficiently. Simple, practical steps which we encourage include:

Taking shorter showers

Using a watering can rather than a hose to water plants

Using a bucket rather than a hose to wash vehicles; only washing windscreens/lights instead of the whole vehicle

Turning off taps in the home whenever possible

Using washing machines and dishwashers fully loaded

Plotters are asked to take note.  Using a watering can rather than a hose helps put the water where it needs to be.  Please note that the use of sprinkler devices and systems that water whole areas of plots rather than specific plants is not appropriate.  Your cooperation is appreciated.


William Shakespeare Biography

Research paper on william shakespeare life. William Shakespeare Research Papers - vivianerose.biz

After many adventures, he is reunited with is loved ones. You can also make Shakespeare critical analysis base on one of the most famous literary work of this prominent person. The first element of plot found in the first scene is exposition. Theme, linking all history-ries of the author, is change of a string of weak and incapable rulers, who have caused civil war in the country, and reduction to order with enthronement of the Tudors dynasty.

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When he was eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway - eight years older than he and already, she was pregnant. However, many people do not know that he also owned a business. People of Shakespeare"s time enjoyed romances set in far away lands, which was one of the reasons why people enjoyed Sir Phillip Sidney"s Arcadia so much. The Comedy Of Errors is a farce in imitation of classical Roman comedy.

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Through the course of the movie, Branagh painted a powerful picture of the evolution of Henry from a young and perhaps rambunctious boy into the man who would be known as a powerful and fair monarch Their names turned out to be well-known definition for passion poetry.

He was the third of eight children born to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, three of whom died in childhood.

Friar Laurence, Tybalt, and Critical thinking games kindergarten himself However, numerous disputes over personality of a great playwright and poet will continue in future; creations of Renaissance genius as before inspire film directors and actors worldwide.

He was born on April 23, in Stratford-upon-Avon and was the third of eight children. Shakespeare gathered ideas for some of his plays from other popular writers of his time. For instance movies are mostly easier to understand then books though the plots may have slight differences.

Without a doubt, this probably had a great affect on him when he later on became a how to write a cover letter for an engineering apprenticeship.

William Shakespeare Research Papers - vivianerose.biz

While composing it, one has to remember that literary heritage of the genius comprises a wide range of examples regarding topics for William Shakespeare essay. Shakespeare retired completely in Perhaps, the first plays of Shakespeare were three parts of "Henry VI".

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His two major tragedies of the time are Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar. Elements of plots that could be found in the first scene are exposition, point of attack, discovery and foreshadowing.

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  • William Shakespeare Biography :: essays research papers
  • At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, had his first child, Susanna in followed by twins Judith and Hamnet in

Shakespeare was very smart to have taken ideas from other popular plays of the time when writing The Winter"s Tale. You can also make Shakespeare research paper on william shakespeare life analysis base on one of the most famous literary work of this prominent person. The author declares sustainability of stated order where man is a patriarch.

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On April 23,three years after his retirement, and on his fifty-second birthday, William Shakespeare died. Macbeth deals with the tragedy of a man who succumbs to ambition. George, why you should not get homework though there are no known records either to confirm or deny, annotated bibliography apa template word date was subsequently accepted, has been established, and is widely celebrated as the day of both his birth and his death Though, unlike Barabas, Shylock, remaining as a negative character, is much more complicated.

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Could it possibly be that that person wants something from that one person. The first element of plot found in the first scene is exposition.

William Shakespeare as a great playwright and poet of the renaissance epoch

We do not use any sample or template thoughts and ideas; that is why every accomplished essay is unique. In March 26,a notary officer made a will and, in April 23,the genius of literature passed away. Rash unadvised decisions, meddling, and dueling creative writing worksheets grade 1 were the primary factors that affected Romeo and Juliet's deaths.

Here, writing help lies in plot, known according to Italian short novels by Masuccio Salernitano, Matteo Bandello, that has been taken as a basis for homonymous poem by Arthur Brooke. By using ideas from other popular plays and using the popular writing technique of pastoral romance, Shakespeare"s The Winter"s Tale, as many of his other plays, were sure to captivate the audience.

While working on your Shakespeare research assignment, keep in mind that "Romeo and Juliet" is a tragedy of a specific kind; it is lyric and optimistic despite the death of main characters in the end.

I was quite lucky to have published two research papers and a review of my field that served as the introduction, and I was revising another manuscript that I had submitted to a journal. Go to Google Scholar, http:

What we do know about his life comes from annotated bibliography apa template word records, court records, wills, marriage certificates and his tombstone. His frequent illustrations of changing players most likely suggests that he is a true believer in the idea of people being able to emotionally grow. Up to now, there exists a considerable amount of hypotheses, first made in the end of 18th c.

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William Shakespeare :: essays research papers Inthe author composed "Hamlet", from the perspective of many critics, his "deepest" work.

These plays were written with a grave quality, but they ended happily with final reconciliations. The house where Shakespeare spent his childhood stood adjacent to he wool shop in which his father plied a successful trade as a glover and dealer in leather goods and other commodities What is it that made Dating app research paper so famous?

Essay on Shakespeare. Research Paper on William Shakespeare

Theatre in the sixteenth century was extremely different from theatre today. And William Shakespeare had one of one hundred stories written by Giraldi Cinthio to help him create his masterpiece, Othello.

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Oftentimes these personal changes occur when a character suffers great loss in life William Shakespeare] Free Essays William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Essay - Everyday there is something that one must interpret whether it is a book, movie, or even the news. Hamlet is not a familiar tragic hero who takes revenge because of divine justice.

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John was a well-known merchant and Mary was the daughter of a Roman Catholic member of the gentry, or high social position. His father, John Shakespeare, was a Glover and leather merchant and his mother, Mary Arden, a landed heiress.

William Shakespeare's life and works Essay Example for Free - Sample words

Hamlet is perhaps his most famous play, and it exceeds by far most other tragedies. William Shakespeare writing can also be presented as a part of above-mentioned researches.

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Although his part was small, he still made an incredible impact. My birthday is coincidentally April


Why does my fish tank rocks and glass keep turning green?!?

I have a 55 gallon fish tank with 3 silver dollars, a african knifefish, an angelfish, and 2 alge eaters. My tank for sometime was fine didn’t change color. Then after awhile the rocks started turning green along with the glass. I thought it was just from like not having a good cleaning. (i mean i was suckin the poop and rocks every 2 weeks. I asked the pet store they said it might be because of the sun coming thru the window causing the problem. I moved the tank downstairs and within 2 weeks the same problem. Its hard work to empty the tank to clean it so i don’t want to do this all over again for the same results…..ANNYYY help anyone?!


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Meditation - Its not what you think

Meditation - Its not what you think
It seems everyone is interested in meditation...talking about the wonderful benefits, recommending classes and discussing the different ways to "do it". But, for a beginner, just what is "it"? And how do you do "it"? Our busy, hectic, lifestyles may seem to prohibit this peaceful practice, or provide a convenient "excuse" not to begin, or continue, to meditate...but, the happy news is, you CAN successfully benefit even if you practice for short periods. With the simple technique described below, you will begin and incredible journey. There are 100's of styles, traditions and forms of meditation, but this simple practice has always been highly recommended. Sit comfortably, preferably upright and alert. To sit on a mat, cushion or pillow, sit cross-legged, half or full lotus, depending on your ability. You may close your eyes (unless this causes you to fall asleep) or gaze with almost-closed eyes as if looking downward and inward.

Concentration Exercise — Concentration is the secret key to a whole world of possibilities, enabling you to keep out distractions and focus on attaining your life goals. In addition it is an absolute prerequisite if you want to learn the art of meditation, as it helps ‘clear the road’ of any mental obstacles. However if anything the average concentration span is decreasing as life gets busier and busier and the world becomes filled with more things to distract and scatter our attention. Here is one very easy-to-learn concentration exercise which was taught to me by my meditation teacher Sri Chinmoy. It can reap tremendous rewards in terms of clarity, productivity and efficiency in your life, and it can be done with just a few minutes practise every day. People commonly view concentration as purely a mental exercise; but here we are also going use our heart centre, that space in our chest we point to when we say ‘me’ – helping to take some of the burden away from our tension filled minds. Requirements: Related:

How to Meditate - Guided Meditation Techniques - Buddhist Meditations Magickal Athenaeum - WikiPagan The Magical Athenaeum is the largest collection of magickal PDF books on the internet, with several hundred files. The resource is maintained by Asiya's Shadows. Books are in the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) and may be viewed and printed using Adobe Reader. Magical Athenaeum Paganism & Witchcraft The Odin Brotherhood Odinism and Asatru Pagan Classics at Scribd The Eddas. Grimoires & Classics General Hermetics Thelema Chaos Magick Qabalah Christian Mysticism Rosicrucianism Tarot Theosophy

Brain Waves During Meditation Brain Activity During Meditation The brain is an electrochemical organ (machine) using electromagnetic energy to function. Electrical activity emanating from the brain is displayed in the form of brainwaves. They range from the high amplitude, low frequency delta to the low amplitude, high frequency beta. During meditation brain waves alter. The four categories of these brainwaves: Beta Waves or beta rhythm, is the term used to designate the frequency range of human brain activity between 12 and 30 Hz (12 to 30 transitions or cycles per second). Alpha Waves are electromagnetic oscillations in the frequency range of 8Ð12 Hz arising from synchronous and coherent (in phase / constructive) electrical activity of thalamic pacemaker cells in humans. Theta Waves is an oscillatory pattern in EEG signals recorded either from inside the brain or from electrodes glued to the scalp. Delta Waves are high amplitude brain waves with a frequency of oscillation between 0Ð4 hertz. Theta State ShareThis

Free Guided Meditation Transcendental Meditation Transcendental Meditation (TM) refers to a specific form of mantra meditation called the Transcendental Meditation technique,[1] and can also refer to the organizations within the Transcendental Meditation movement and to the movement itself.[1][2] The TM technique and TM movement were introduced in India in the mid-1950s by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (1918–2008). The Maharishi taught thousands of people during a series of world tours from 1958 to 1965, expressing his teachings in spiritual and religious terms.[3][4] TM became more popular in the 1960s and 1970s, as the Maharishi shifted to a more technical presentation and his meditation technique was practiced by celebrities. At this time, he began training TM teachers and created specialized organizations to present TM to specific segments of the population such as business people and students. History[edit] Among the first organizations to promote TM were the Spiritual Regeneration Movement and the International Meditation Society.

» 12 Essential Rules to Live More Like a Zen Monk “We have more possibilities available in each moment than we realize.” - Thich Nhat Hanh By Leo Babauta I’m not a Zen monk, nor will I ever become one. You probably don’t want to become a Zen monk either, but you can live your life in a more Zen-like manner by following a few simple rules. Why live more like a Zen monk? One of my favorite Zen monks, Thich Nhat Hanh, simplified the rules in just a few words: “Smile, breathe and go slowly.” However, for those who would like a little more detail, I thought I’d share some of the things I’ve discovered to work very well in my experiments with Zen-like living. “Zen is not some kind of excitement, but concentration on our usual everyday routine.” - Shunryu Suzuki Do one thing at a time. “Before enlightenment chop wood and carry water.

Your source for Wiccan, Pagan, Occult, Ritual and Spiritual supplies Is meditation the push-up for the brain? (Medical Xpress) -- Two years ago, researchers at UCLA found that specific regions in the brains of long-term meditators were larger and had more gray matter than the brains of individuals in a control group. This suggested that meditation may indeed be good for all of us since, alas, our brains shrink naturally with age. Now, a follow-up study suggests that people who meditate also have stronger connections between brain regions and show less age-related brain atrophy. Having stronger connections influences the ability to rapidly relay electrical signals in the brain. Eileen Luders, a visiting assistant professor at the UCLA Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, and colleagues used a type of brain imaging known as diffusion tensor imaging, or DTI, a relatively new imaging mode that provides insights into the structural connectivity of the brain. The study appears in the current online edition of the journal NeuroImage. But there is a "but."

Mindfulness Research: Pictures, Videos, Breaking News The Five Tibetan Rites - Excercises for Healing By Mary Kurus Copyright Mary Kurus 2001, All Rights Reserved Background In 1985 a book called The Ancient Secret of the Fountain of Youth written by Peter Kelder was published which for the first time fully described an exercise program for "youthing". Potential Benefits of the Five Rites The authors provide many examples of the benefits of the "Five Tibetan Rites" including the following: looking much younger; sleeping soundly; waking up feeling refreshed and energetic; release from serious medical problems including difficulties with spines; relief from problems with joints; release from pain; better memory; arthritis relief; weight loss; improved vision; youthing instead of aging; greatly improved physical strength, endurance and vigor; improved emotional and mental health; enhanced sense of well being and harmony; and very high overall energy. How the Five Rites Work Chakras Chakra is an Indian Sanskrit word that translates to mean "Wheel of Spinning Energy". Detoxification Rite #1 Rite #2

BEGINNER'S GUIDE ... © 1995 Dharman Craig PressonAll Rights Reserved “Zen is not what you think!” -- anonymous Preface The purpose of this little book is to assure that all studentsunderstand the mechanics of Zen practice and the basic teachings ofBuddhism. Part 1: Practice Sitting, Breathing, Walking Seated meditation (J. zazen, Ch. The Sitting Posture (asana) There are several good postures for zazen: four cross-legged, onekneeling, and one using a straight chair or camp stool, as illustrated[Add illustrations of full lotus, half-lotus, sukhasana, Burmese, seiza,and chair sitting]. Breathing One may be given specific instructions by a teacher regarding theproper focus of awareness during zazen. Do not force or control the breath in any way. Walking (Kinhin) Walking meditation may be practiced between sessions of sitting.This relieves the legs of cramps and “pins and needles”, andallows one to begin the process of carrying one’s practice off thecushion and into daily activity. Part 2: Theory The Buddha The Dharma

Purple Phoenix Tarot Science Explores Meditation's Effect on the Brain

Related:  SpiritualMind, Soul, BodyDeep shitSelf-HelpMeditation/MindfulnessTo ReadMeditation & Healthhealthy bodyDO SOMETHING


On Rationality and Delusions

This post started as a reply to M Cuffe’s comment on my post on The God Delusion. M Cuffe suggested that I’m merely asserting an individual’s right to be irrational, or ignorant. হ্যাঁ, I am indeed saying that one has the right to be irrational. But that statement stems from something that I believe is deeper. It stems from what we mean by rationality, and why we think it is a good thing to be rational. I know it sounds “irrational,” but I’m talking about rationality as Persig talked about it in জেন এবং মোটরসাইকেল রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ আর্ট.

Stepping back a bit, rationality is quintessentially a worldview. By rational, we mean things that seem normal to our commonsense. So the notion of a nuclear bomb moving or obliterating a mountain is rational, although we have never seen it. You believe it because it is consistent with your worldview. I believe it too, আমার বিশ্বাস. I was a nuclear physicist not too long ago. 🙂

And a god (or faith) moving mountains is clearly ludicrous to our rationality. I’m not asking people to give equal rational weight to faith and bomb moving mountains. I’m merely encouraging them to examine why they believe in one and not the other. Calling one more rational is just another way of saying that you choose to believe one more than the other. কেন?

Thinking along those lines, I come to the conclusion that it is only a question of worldviews or belief systems. I personally subscribe to your worldview based on rationality as well, which is why I consider myself also an atheist (although one of my readers thought I was merely confused :-))

A god as an old man hiding behind the clouds is not consistent with our worldview. But it may have been a metaphor for something else. আমাকে ব্যাখ্যা. We have these abstract concepts of happiness, perfection, grief etc. Are these things real? Should we believe they exist? Such questions don’t make too much sense because these concepts are all in our minds. কিন্তু তারপর, what isn’t?

Let’s take perfection, উদাহরণস্বরূপ. Let’s say we assign some human form to it, so that we could explain it to a child or something. We then call it, বলে, the goddess of perfection or whatever. Over generations, for whatever reason, the notion of perfection disappears from our awareness, but the metaphor of the goddess remains. এখন, to somebody who believes in the reality perfection, and therefore the existence of the goddess, it is not a delusion. In that belief system, in that context and worldview, it makes perfect sense. But in the absence of the abstract concept of perfection, the goddess becomes a delusion.

I believe that a large part of our collective wisdom is handed down in the form of such metaphors. Instead of dismissing them as delusions because their context is gone, we should perhaps try harder to rediscover the lost concepts. I also believe such metaphors exist in other fields that seem to work well. নিন, উদাহরণস্বরূপ, the Qi concept in traditional Chinese medicine, the five elements (or three body types) in Ayurveda and so on. To the extent that traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda work, there has to be some knowledge buried in those practices. If we write off their basis merely because their metaphors are not consistent with our rationality, we may be writing off some potential sources of new or forgotten knowledge.

উপরন্তু, I believe that some of our smarter geniuses indeed see delusional metaphors in what we take to be supremely real.


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Watch Richard Cunningham Movies Online

Richard Cunningham is an actor, known for Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011), The Quiet Ones (2014) and The 100-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared (2013).
When a young woman unexpectedly arrives at an older man's workplace, looking for answers, the secrets of the past threaten to unravel his new life. Their confrontation will uncover buried memories and unspeakable desires. It will shake them both to the core.
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Alfie Jennings. Loving father. Faithful husband. Professional contract killer. Haunted by horrific visions of the men he has killed, Alfie spirals towards the brink of madness as his past catches up with him. One of the founding members of elite hitman fraternity, Homefront, Alfie's panic attacks now compromise this once ruthless ex-elite soldier and leader of men. His tense family life rapidly approaching boiling point, a sheltered daughter on the brink of womanhood, a beautiful, neglected wife on the brink of despair, Alfie is lost, desperately trying to hold everything together. An embarrassing public breakdown during a torture in front of his employers and client, calls Alfie's sanity and professionalism into question, forcing ex-Army Major, Albert Chapman, the psychopathic head of Homefront, to begin threatening the lives of Alfie and his family. As Alfie is tested, pushed to the limits by his own employers, the noose tightening around the Jennings family, the hellish truth is ...
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In the 1910s, Srinivasa Ramanujan is a man of boundless intelligence that even the abject poverty of his home in Madras, India cannot crush. Eventually, his stellar intelligence in mathematics and his boundless confidence in both attract the attention of the noted British mathematics professor, G.H. Hardy, who invites him to further develop his computations at Trinity College at Cambridge. Forced to leave his young wife, Janaki, behind, Ramanujan finds himself in a land where both his largely intuitive mathematical theories and his cultural values run headlong into both the stringent academic requirements of his school and mentor and the prejudiced realities of a Britain heading into World War One. Facing this with a family back home determined to keep him from his wife and his own declining health, Ramanujan joins with Hardy in a mutual struggle that would define Ramanujan as one of India's greatest modern scholars who broke more than one barrier in his worlds.
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Bob Marley and Fela Anikulapo-Kuti

There are many people who would want to rule the world and there are also many people who would want to change the world. Few succeed in doing so but there are those who belong to neither group and yet left a legacy that became some form of blueprint that others try to emulate.

The lives of Bob Marely and Fela Anikulapo-Kuti came from divergent paths but led to the same conclusion: the creation of music icons that influenced future generations. Their success can be attributed to their musical genius but at the same time it is also due to their ability to speak to their times, especially the socio-political component of nation building. They were also able to speak words, through their music that transcended culture, religion and social classes.

Bob Marley and Fela Anikulapo-Kuti’s music and lyrics would make no sense until the reader is acquainted with three powerful forces that shaped Africa, the American continent and nearby tropical nations like Jamaica. These three related terms came to shape how people behave and how they were treated by outsiders and these three are: slavery; inequality; and poverty. These three are related and it can even be argued that these three were listed in descending order based on the history of these places.

Slavery came first via a twisted concept called racism. It is therefore important to have a clear definition of this word. From a standard dictionary the definition is revealed to be the idea that one group of individuals is superior to another.

Interestingly, this definition did not only come from philosophers and opinionated intellectuals not sure of what to do with their time. This definition came via university studies. Social scientists in the 19th century were adamant that people can be categorized in descending order of importance. A Caucasian may not take offense with this view but if one is of African descent then this mindset is racist and utterly unacceptable.

In a level playing field those of African and even Asian heritage can compete with those who came from European stock. But this view came late after the end of slavery in the latter part of the 19th century and finally laid to rest after the successful although tumultuous Civil Rights movement in the United States. However, before the time of liberation came people of African ancestry had to find ways to speak out against slavery, inequality and poverty.

The obvious consequence of slavery is inequality. In a society populated by men and women created equal in the eyes of God, there has now a differentiation based on social classes. During the time of Bob Marley and Fela Anikulapo-Kuti the social classes were rigidly structured.

As a result there were forces at play preventing the progress of the mind and spirit of those who lived in the colonies. The common bond between Nigeria and Jamaica are the British overlords that subjected the population into years of harsh treatment on the basis of the color of their skin.

Bob Marley and Fela Anikulapo-Kuti saw the destructive effects of inequality and it soon became clear to them that unless an egalitarian society rises up from the ashes of colonial rule then there is no way to end poverty in Jamaica and Nigeria. These two magnificent songwriters and incredible performers had to be commended for how they tried to shape their world for the better when they had the chance to do so.

But this is not the main reason why they continue to be popular and as of this moment their stock continues to rise as they become more of a legendary figure not only in the music industry but even in the sphere of political science. One of the reasons why they have a strong appeal in the hearts and minds of 21st century people can be traced to the fact that their messages continue to ring true in the hearts and minds of the listeners. For instance, inequality and poverty continue to exist decades after their death.

Consider for instance that in the January 22nd issue of The Economist for year 2011, there is an article entitled the Inequality: The Rich and the Rest (Shah, p.1). According to the said article, inequality and poverty exists because of the lack of social mobility (Shah, p.1). Social mobility is impossible without access to quality education and institutions that will make it possible to acquire loans and other means to start up some form of business enterprise. The lyrics of Marley and Fela’s songs speak against this form of inequality.

In countries were there is a conscious drive towards an egalitarian society, there is a deliberate eradication of the walls that acts as barriers for social mobility. Marley and Fela try to influence the political powers of Jamaica and Nigeria so that real change can occur. There are other people with different expertise that can hope to achieve the same thing but the special giftedness of these two artists gave them the ability to rise above the rest because they have a potent weapon: poetry and music.

Fela Anikulapo-Kuti

In February 18, 1977 a thousand soldiers stormed into the home of Fela Anikulapo-Kuti and they beat up the musician together with his friends, guests, and family members (Olaniyan, p.1). The women were sexually assaulted and Fela’s sickly mother was violently tossed to the ground and all of these things were done in broad daylight (Olaniyan, p.1).

It requires a great deal of offense in order for a civilian to generate such kind of hatred from the government. Part of the answer lies in the fact that Fela’s mother was an anticolonial nationalist and feminist. The attack generated global condemnation but a government sanctioned inquiry said that no one knew the real identity of the soldiers and if indeed they were soldiers at all.

Fela responded with a composition entitled Unknown Soldier and once again he was able to lift himself up above the fray. All his life his music was his primary weapon. Fela’s music of choice can be simplified into one genre, the afrobeat.

It is a form of African music that Fela unconsciously turned into a way to express his political views. It was not Fela’s original intent to use music to speak against the government and the Nigerian way of life characterized by poverty, violence and corruption in the highest levels of governance (Olaniyan, p.175). But it was a responsibility forced upon by the circumstances, of which he had no control.

Fela utilized his talent in creating music and writing poetry as he attempted to inspire his people to stand up against a corrupt government. He said that corruption has become part of the fabric of Nigerian society, to the point that the word has lost its meaning there (Veal, p.2).

He said that the politicians had no shame parading their wealth around the capital even if the whole nation reeled from the impact of hunger and suffering. The following poem, written in crude English explains why a thousand soldiers descended upon his home that fateful day in February 1977 and he spoke it out loud in his nightclub named the Shrine:

When Corrupted Babangida (the President of Nigeria at that time) go for France, Mitterand no wan meet am. He go dey send a cultural minister. He go say Nigeria be nation of thieves. The man was disgraced. When he came back, the fucking army was kicking ass all over Nigeria! Na how many students dem kill fo’ dat one? (Veal, p.3).

No wonder then that his life and music attracted government persecution for three decades. His sharpest criticism is centered upon his disgust for what he termed as the second coming of slavery in his country. In one of his famous performances he gestured to the crowd and said “Bro’s and sisters, I’m gonna play for you now, a thing we call M.A.S.S. – Music Against Second Slavery” (Veal, p.3). Fela was able to mix religion, music, poetry, and politics into a potent brew and that partially explains his success and enduring legacy.

Bob Marley

He was born Robert Marley to a Jamaican mother and Englishman father. At a very young age he understood the meaning of abandonment and social inequality when his white father left him and his mother. Just like Fela, Marley was conscious of his past, especially when it comes to the history of slavery in his country.

When Great Britain took control of Jamaica from the Spanish Empire in 1655, they introduced the use of slaves to be utilized as workers in farm sugar plantations (Jeffrey, p.4). When the sugar industry went through tough times, the slaves were freed in 1838 (Jeffrey, p.4). But this created a mass of people that were illiterate and without any form of asset to their names. As a result a major divide can be seen between the rich and the poorest of the poor.

Marley’s music was like a healing balm to the poor and the hopeless people of Jamaica. But he was so good at what he does that he transcended the boundaries of Jamaica. Influenced by music that came from the United States, Marley was able to create music the Americans love and through them he became known all over the world.

He became a part of a singing trio called the Wailing Wailers and their first hit was a direct appeal for their fellow Jamaicans to stay calm during a period of civil unrest (Jeffrey, p.7). While Fela used the afrobeat as a medium for his political message, Marley made reggae the vehicle to which his poetry and music can soar.

According to one commentary, “Marley’s lyrics are representative of that aspect of Jamaican popular culture which challenges the episteme of the colonial and neocolonial order, and engages in symbolic warfare against this order … one not only dances to Marley, but one has to listen to Marley, since he is both singing and engaging in social criticism” (Bogues, p.197).

Marley became the spokesman for those who cannot speak and even after his death there are those who carried that mantle and like Fela he is celebrated not only as a revolutionary but someone who changed lives through music.

There is a big gulf of separation between Bob Marley and Fela Anikulapo-Kuti. Marley was from Jamaica and Fela was from Nigeria. They both lived in different times and under different cultures. Fela used afrobeat to send forth his message against inequality, corruption and poverty. Marley on the other hand used reggae to disperse his message of love and unity. Both men used music and poetry to change the lives of many people and their legacy endures to this day.

Works Cited

Bogues, Anthony. Black Heretics, Black Prophets: Radical Political Individuals. New York: Routledge, 2003. Print.

Jeffrey, Gary. Bob Marley: The Life of a Musical Legend. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., 2007. Print.

Olaniyan, Tejumola. Arrest the Music!: Fela and His Rebel Art and Politics. IN: Indiana University Press, 2004. Print.

Shah, Anup. 10 Mar. 2011. “Inequality: The Rich and the Rest.” The Economist. Jan. 2011. 09 June 2011., Michael. Fela: The Life and Times of an African Musical Icon. PA: Temple University Press, 2000. Print.


Volcanoes, archaeology and the secrets of Roman concrete

High above Italy's Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily, 13 students sit atop Stromboli Volcano as it erupts. Ash falls on their shoulders and ping-ping-pings their helmets. The ground beneath their feet trembles.

Dig at Italy's Pompeii volcanic site yields 5 skeletons

Italian news agency ANSA says new excavations in the ancient buried city of Pompeii have yielded the undisturbed skeletons of people who took refuge from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D.79.

New Pompeii evidence rewrites Vesuvius eruption history

A newly-discovered inscription at Pompeii proves the city was destroyed by Mount Vesuvius after October 17, 79 AD and not on August 24 as previously thought, archeologists said Tuesday.

Image: Vesuvius on fire

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High protein intake in early childhood is associated with obesity, suggesting possible adverse effects on other cardiometabolic outcomes. However, studies in adults have suggested beneficial effects of protein intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. Whether dietary protein intake is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health in children is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the evidence on the associations of protein intake with BP, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children. We searched the databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central and PubMed for interventional and observational studies in healthy children up to the age of 18 years, in which associations of total, animal and/or vegetable protein intake with one or more of the following outcomes were reported: BP; measures of insulin sensitivity; cholesterol levels; or TAG levels. In the search, we identified 6636 abstracts, of which fifty-six studies met all selection criteria. In general, the quality of the included studies was low. Most studies were cross-sectional, and many did not control for potential confounders. No overall associations were observed between protein intake and insulin sensitivity or blood lipids. A few studies suggested an inverse association between dietary protein intake and BP, but evidence was inconclusive. Only four studies examined the effects of vegetable or animal protein intake, but with inconsistent results. In conclusion, the literature, to date provides insufficient evidence for effects of protein intake on BP, insulin sensitivity or blood lipids in children. Future studies could be improved by adequately adjusting for key confounders such as energy intake and obesity.

Additional Metadata
Keywords Cardiometabolic health, Children, Protein intake, Systematic review
Persistent URL dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514003699, hdl.handle.net/1765/83826
Journal British Journal of Nutrition
Voortman, R.G, Vitezova, A, Bramer, W.M, Ars, C.L, Bautista-Niño, P.K, Buitrago-Lopez, A, … van den Hooven, E.H. (2015). Effects of protein intake on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children: A systematic review. British Journal of Nutrition (Vol. 113, pp. 383–402). doi:10.1017/S0007114514003699


Disc brakes for heavy vehicles: An experimental study of temperatures and cracks
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2015

A better understanding of the thermomechanical loading of brake discs is important for controlling material fatigue and crack propagation in the disc. In the present study, full-scale drag braking experiments were performed on brake discs made from eight different grey cast iron alloys. The well-performing materials were also tested with an alternative brake pad material. A testing procedure with repeated drag brakings was used. The disc and pad temperatures were registered by thermocouples embedded at selected locations, and the disc surface temperatures by a thermocamera. Extensive analyses of the measured temperatures were performed. The results for the thermocouples at the mid-radius of the disc and at the end of brake applications indicatd that the two sides of the disc have opposite deviations from the mean temperature. The temperature deviations are generally temporally alternating, but also stationary variations can be found. The thermocamera gives the possibility of identifying the phenomena behind the temperature variations found from the thermocouples. Banding of the disc–pads contact with alternating one band and two bands of high temperatures is observed for the studied brake discs exposed to severe braking load cases. Moreover, it was found that hot-spot patterns develop on the disc surface, which are spatially fixed during each brake application. However, they may be either slowly migrating or fixed relative to the disc during consecutive brake applications. Thermal images show that small cracks do not affect hot-spot migration as a hot spot migrates over the crack. However, at a critical length of the crack, the heat becomes localized at the crack and increases its growth, thus limiting the life of the disc. The tests indicate that a combination of hot-spot migration, alternating bands and small temperature differences over the disc are significant factors to be considered when improving the lifespan of the discs.

grey iron

disc braking

drag braking

laboratory experiments

hot spots

Gael le Gigan

Tore V Vernersson

Roger Lundén

Peter Skoglund

0954-4070 (ISSN)

Vol. 229 6 684-707

Teknisk mekanik

Mer information

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You are viewing the results for Gothia Cup 2017. View the current results for Gothia Cup 2018 here.

Trosvik IF

Club name Trosvik IF
Shirt colors Red / Red
Teams Boys 14 1, Boys 14 2, Girls 14
Country Norway

13 games played

About Trosvik IF

Trosvik IF was one of 59 clubs from Norway that had teams playing during Gothia Cup 2017. They participated with three teams in Boys 14 and Girls 14 respectively. Two teams played until 1/16 Final in Play off B; Boys 14 2 lost against JDFS Alberts by 0-1 and Girls 14 lost against Skogås/Trångsunds FF by 0-2.

In addition to this, Trosvik IF have participated in Gothia Cup before. During Gothia Cup 2016, Trosvik had three teams playing in Boys 13 and Boys 14 respectively. The team in Boys 13 made it to the the 1/32 Final in Play off A, but lost it against Lokomotiv Sofia by 1-2.

Trosvik comes from Fredrikstad which lies approximately 180 km from Göteborg, where Gothia Cup takes place. The area around Fredrikstad does also provide five additional clubs participating during Gothia Cup 2017 (SK Sprint-Jeløy, Rapid Athene, Sarpsborg FK, Moss FK and Hvaler/Kråkerøy).

Write a message to Trosvik IF

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178973 - Assembler
$15 to $22.00 DOE
11 Months
Chipton-Ross is seeking an Assembler for an opening in Oldsmar, FL.

o Builds and populates electronics enclosure cabinets, routes cables, preforms pressure tests, fills in asbuiltlist (ABL) templates, conducts continuity checks, preps units for customer delivery, and assists with customer and quality inspections. o Establishes the location, fits and installs systems and accessories using various fasteners and techniques where mating, locations, and coordination of parts, assemblies and equipment are critical factors. o Works from engineering drawings, electronic work instructions, and written or verbal instructions. o Responsible for accurate record keeping, time recording, and safety training. o Uses computer to access work instructions, log discrepancies/issues, log time, enter ABL information, and communicate via email. o Read and follow Manufacturing Process Standards, Assembly Methods Instructions, Quality Notification dispositions and any other shop floor documentation required to fabricate, assemble, rework/repair electronic modules, packages, and associated ancillary mechanical components. o The successful candidate will independently read and follow production/service order work instructions, to include reading and interpreting design disclosure engineering documentation, (blueprints, redline drawing, sketches, etc.). o Operates related equipment - torque wrenches, small hand tools, hand trucks, pressure test station, pull test equipment, etc. o Use all materials, tools, measuring devices, and equipment necessary to complete jobs such as module assembly, module installation, soldering, component removal & replacement, adhesive mixing, application, connector assembly, contact/wire crimping, insertion, extraction, assembly cleaning, and fastener torqueing. Able to use torque tools and perform torqueing operations. o Standing/Sitting: Requires full time standing with limited resting periods and to walk distances. Sit for extended periods if required. o Weight restriction: Able to Lift/push/pull/carry a minimum of 40 lbs. o Body positioning: Able to twist/bend (neck or waist) and stoop. Able to work in awkward positions as required. Able to squat/kneel/crawl/reach as required. this is for 1st shift

o Must be able to solder o Experience with routing cables and building sub assemblies o Able to read and interpret engineering drawings, electronic work instructions, and written or verbal instructions. o Experience with small hand tools, like torque wrenches, dimensional tools and gauges, hand trucks, pressure test station, pull test equipment, wire strippers and crimpers, etc. o Must be able to lift/ push/pull/carry a minimum of 40 lbs. o Must be able to use a computer, Microsoft Office, and have good oral and written communications Strong cable soldering skills.

Excellent situational judgment and innovative continuous improvement. o Ability to work in a team environment and add value to the team as a whole. CCA soldering is strongly desired

Accredited High School Diploma/GED

9/80, 1st Shift

Cody Reposa
6926 Rivers Ave
North Charleston, SC 29406


Warning to Youths Following Fires in Summerhill, Hartlepool

Officers are warning youths about the dangers of fires after police received over 12 reports of suspected arson attacks over the bank holiday weekend.

The Summerhill area of Hartlepool was targeted and benches and trees were set alight. It is believed youths are responsible for the attacks.

A Cleveland Police Spokesperson said: “Officers work closely with Cleveland Fire Brigade in a bid to tackle this sort of behaviour. There is no excuse for starting fires and parents need to ensure that youngsters are being responsible and sensible.

“Arsonists put lives and wildlife in danger. Young people need to take responsibility for their actions and realise that they could seriously injure or kill someone, which could ultimately cost them their freedom.”

If anyone has any information regarding the arson attacks or the youths responsible is asked to contact Cleveland Police on 101 quoting 067847. Crimestoppers anonymously can be contacted on 0800 555 111.


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Tech Industry

IBM makes declaration of independence for chips, software

The company's IBM Research Division is following a new path aimed at building more intelligence into computing by creating more autonomous computers.

IBM is rethinking how it uses its research brainpower.

By building hardware and software that allows computers to act more independently, IBM Research believes it can create systems that offer higher overall performance and cost less to operate, in part because they would be easier to administer.

"This is one of the big themes for us," said Paul Horn, senior vice president in charge of IBM Research. "Because it needs to be holistic, it needs to touch everything we do."

Horn will detail the new approach in a speech to the National Academy of Engineers at Harvard University on Thursday.

Among the efforts at IBM Research is one to design new types of processors. One type, essentially a server on a chip, would include multiple processor cores surrounded by large amounts of memory on a single piece of silicon. This chip could then be strung together with others in varying numbers, appropriate for anything from entry-level servers to supercomputers.

Possibly the most important element in making computers more autonomous is software. Software developed by IBM Research would add the smarts to these server-on-a-chip processors, allowing each individual chip to have the ability to better manage the computing tasks it was charged with or hand them off if necessary, Horn said.

IBM will incorporate the new approach in Blue Gene, the supercomputer it is building to assist in genomics and other biological research. The supercomputer will be capable of operating at petaflop speeds--a quadrillion calculations per second--and will rely on server-on-a-chip-style processors.

Meta Group says that if IBM can make some real advances in controlling the interactions among the processors to better approach the function of the human brain, the result will be some very important contributions that will eventually affect how computing is done.

see commentary

At the same time, IBM Research is working on a project dubbed Oceano that will create software with enough autonomy to manage most of its own functions. Oceano servers would, for example, manage their own workloads, automatically adjusting the amount of computing capacity dedicated to a certain task, without human intervention.

As a result of its new approach, IBM Research has also slightly reorganized its structure. The division, which employs about 3,000 people, has a vice president to work with each IBM product group. Horn augmented this structure by adding two interdisciplinary roles to the council of vice presidents.

IBM Research's Arvind Krishna, director of computing utilities and Internet infrastructure, and Bill Pulleyblank, director of exploratory server systems, have been charged with focusing research on the new autonomic initiative. They will, therefore, be responsible for ensuring autonomy finds its way into both the hardware and software used in new products.

Pulleyblank, who also manages IBM's Deep Computing Institute, runs the Blue Gene project and manages its team of researchers. Krishna stewards the Oceano project.

IBM Research is counting on the two projects to prove its autonomous computing strategy, giving IBM's products an edge that could help win future business.

"I think (autonomous computing) will determine where the future of IBM and the IT infrastructure goes," Horn said.


History of Keansburg

  • The present Borough of Keansburg was incorporated in 1917. William W. Ramsay served as the first mayor for two terms. The land that was developed was from Campview Place to Highland Avenue, and bounded by Seeley Avenue and the shore. This was accomplished by the dredging of sand from the Raritan Bay. Carr Avenue was laid out as one of the first streets.
    William A. Gehlhaus organized and incorporated the New Point Comfort Beach Company, whose charter dates back to 1906. Mr. Gehlhaus organized the Keansburg Steamboat Company in 1909. In 1910, the first steamboat, named the Nantasket, was purchased from the Long Island Railroad. The boat was used as a commuter service and operated four round trips daily between Decoration Day and Labor Day.

    Over the years, many other steamboats were purchased and operated from the Battery, New York to Keansburg. The “City of Keansburg” was the only steamboat that was built specifically for the Keansburg Steamboat Company in 1926 in Newburgh, New York. The steamboat era ended with the destruction of the pier during the hurricane in 1962.
    Keansburg became one of the most popular vacation spots on the shore, known for its bathing beaches, large rooming houses, fishing, boardwalk, and amusement parks. The amusement parks continue to be a popular summer attraction. In the beginning of the 20th century, the winter population would be approximately 500, increasing in the summer months to 10,000. Since the 1970s, the year round population has been 10,000 or more.


Brainchild – Season 1 (2018)

From germs and emotions to social media and more, it’s the science of your world explained in a way that’s refreshingly relatable. Why is social media so addictive? Turns out, it’s by design. We’ll also explore the science of selfies and why people can be so cruel online. What’s the difference between good and bad germs? And how real is the “Five-Second Rule”? It’s a dirty topic, but someone’s got to cover it. Super vision, super hearing and super strength aren’t just for mythical heroes. These amazing powers are real — and, believe it or not, you have them! Whether they’re good or bad, we all have them. But what do dreams mean — and is it possible to control them? Let’s drift off to dreamland to find out.