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Q1 What is a business cycle? Describe the different phases of a business cycle.

Ans:Business Cycle Business Cycle is waves of money and economic activity that forms a regular pattern, defined in terms of periods of expansion or recession. During expansions, the economy, measured by indicators like jobs, production, and sales, is growing in real terms, after excluding the effects of inflation. Recessions are periods when the economy is shrinking or contracting. Business Cycle Index Business Cycle Index is the cycle component of economics variables, the basic facts of business cycle index, they can be used for forecasting the economy. The Index is particular model of the economy. Most economic series expand and contract with general business in Thailand. They do not, however, movein perfect unison with the cycle in overall activity. The composite indexes are essentially averages of separate data series that cover a broad range of the economy. As averages, they tend to smooth out a good part of the volatility of the individual series and are useful summary measures for business cycle analysis and forecasting. The reason the leading index is called "leading% because the index shows cyclical turning points before those in aggregate economic activity. The main value o f the leading index is in signaling that either the risk of a recession has increased or that a recession may be coming to an end. Time Series Analysis An indispensable tool in monitoring current economic trends today, time series analysis is an indispensable element in monitoring and forecasting economic trends. This tool permits to adjust the economic time series for influences damaging the detection of the medium to longterm trend of a series. Such factors occurring in the original data may be seasonal influences, calendar influences or other irregular values which may be caused, for instance, by strikes. Consequently, most analytical methods aim at decomposing the observed time series data into components. These are the trend cycle component reflecting the medium to long-term "basic trend", a seasonal component and a calendar component through which seasonally and calendar adjusted values can be determined, and a residual component. Turning Point

2. the economy is in an expansion. The determination of a peak date is thus a determination that the expansion that began. 4. is requires in two categories as the following: A recession is a significant decline in activity spread across the economy. Depression Phase : Contraction or Downswing of economy.The turning point is the dated that economy have been turn up or turn down activity. visible in industrial production. 3. Recovery Phase : from depression to prosperity (lower turning Point). or space of time occurrence on past cycle. most recessions are brief and they have been rare in recent decades. real income. Because a recession influences the economy broadly and is not confined to one sector. Identifying turning points in the economy. some cycle happened long duration but some cycle happened in short duration. a cycle is the stage of phase. Four Phases of Business Cycle Business Cycle (or Trade Cycle) is divided into the following four phases :1. Diagram of Four Phases of Business Cycle . A recession begins just after the economy reaches a peak of activity and ends as the economy reaches its trough. lasting more than a few months. form recession to expansion or expansion to recession. Between trough and peak. We waits for many months after an apparent trough to make its decision.The length of business cycles were not similar. It will not issue any judgment about whether the economy has reached a trough until it makes its formal decision on this point. Trough: A trough date will mark the end of the recession. and wholesale-retail sales. Peak: A peak marks the end of an expansion and the beginning of a recession. Prosperity Phase : Expansion or Boom or Upswing of economy. employment. because of data revisions and the possibility that the contraction would resume. its consisting of more related phases. Recession Phase : from prosperity to recession (upper turning point). measures of economic activity. Duration of Cycle : In business cycle term. An expansion is the normal state of the economy.

After the peak point is reached there is a declining phase of recession followed by a depression. it causes a rise in prices and profits. employment. This period is termed as Prosperity phase. High level of income and employment. 4. Explanation of Four Phases of Business Cycle The four phases of a business cycle are briefly explained as follows :1. High level of output and trade. A high level of MEC (Marginal efficiency of capital) and investment. the level of production is Maximum and there is a rise in GNP (Gross National Product). Due to full employment of resources. . 3. income. This is also called as a Boom Period. High level of effective demand. There is an upswing in the economic activity and economy reaches its Peak. prices and profits. Prosperity Phase When there is an expansion of output. The features of prosperity are :1. there is also a rise in the standard of living. 6. 7. 5. 2. Rising interest rates. Inflation. Large expansion of bank credit. 8. Again the business cycle continues similarly with ups and downs. Overall business optimism.The four phases of business cycles are shown in the following diagram :The business cycle starts from a trough (lower point) and passes through a recovery phase followed by a period of expansion (upper turning point) and prosperity. Due to a high level of economic activity.

prices and profits. 3. Fall in income and rise in unemployment. 7. The features of depression are :1. there is under-utilization of resources and fall in GNP (Gross National Product). there are expansions and rise in economic activities. During the period of revival or recovery. In depression. income. prices and profits. 4. 8. The businessmen gain confidence and become optimistic (Positive). employment. 2. There is an . This increases investments. 6. Overall business pessimism. income. production increases and this causes an increase in investment. the overproduction and future investment plans are also given up. 4. causing a decline in prices and profits until the economy reaches its Trough (low point). The stimulation of investment brings about the revival or recovery of the economy. so credit also contracts. the economic activities slow down. The banks and the people try to get greater liquidity. 3. Decline in consumption and demand. Orders are cancelled and people start losing their jobs. The businessmen lose confidence and become pessimistic (Negative). There is a steady decline in the output.2. There is a steady rise in output. employment. employment. Fall in interest rate. Depression Phase When there is a continuous decrease of output. Fall in MEC (Marginal efficiency of capital) and investment. Generally. Recovery Phase The turning point from depression to expansion is termed as Recovery or Revival Phase. The banks expand credit. Expansion of business stops. Deflation. business expansion takes place and stock markets are activated. Recession Phase The turning point from prosperity to depression is termed as Recession Phase. prices and profits. 5. there is a fall in the standard of living and depression sets in. When demand starts falling. The increase in unemployment causes a sharp decline in income and aggregate demand. The aggregate economic activity is at the lowest. During a recession period. When demand starts rising. Fall in volume of output and trade. stock market falls. income. Contraction of bank credit. recession lasts for a short period. It reduces investment.

Ans:Meaning of Monetary Policy The term monetary policy is also known as the 'credit policy' or called 'RBI's money management policy' in India. The Central Bank of a nation keeps control on the supply of money to attain the objectives of its monetary policy." According to A. Some prominent definitions are as follows. and business expands. there is a deflation.G. income and aggregate demand. Such questions are considered in the monetary policy. production." From both these definitions. during the expansionary or prosperity phase. What is monetary policy? Explain the general objectives and instruments of monetary policy. From the name itself it is understood that it is related to the demand and the supply of money Definition of Monetary Policy Many economists have given various definitions of monetary policy. "A policy employing the central banks control of the supply of money as an instrument for achieving the objectives of general economic policy is a monetary policy. Hart. Conclusion: . Revival slowly emerges into prosperity. "A policy which influences the public stock of money substitute of public demand for such assets of both that is policy which influences public liquidity position is known as a monetary policy. Q2. Objectives of Monetary Policy . it is clear that a monetary policy is related to the availability and cost of money supply in the economy in order to attain certain broad objectives.Thus we see that. Harry Johnson. there is inflationand during the contraction or depression phase. According to Prof. How much should be the supply of money in the economy? How much should be the ratio of interest? How much should be the viability of money? etc. and the business cycle is repeated. prices and profits start rising.increase in employment.

After the Keynesian revolution in economics. 1. 4. Price Stability : All the economics suffer from inflation and deflation. This increased investment can speed up economic growth. Both inflation are harmful to the economy. Let us now see objectives of monetary policy in detail :1. 6. the international community might lose confidence in our economy. The BOP has two aspects i. the monetary policy having an objective of price stability tries to keep the value of money stable. 5. while the later stands for stringency . It helps in reducing the income and wealth inequalities. the RBI has always aimed at the controlled expansion of bank credit and money supply. When the economy suffers from recession the monetary policy should be an 'easy money policy' but when there is inflationary situation there should be a 'dear money policy'. with special attention to the seasonal needs of a credit. The monetary policy aims at maintaining the relative stability in the exchange rate. The RBI by altering the foreign exchange reserves tries to influence the demand for foreign exchange and tries to maintain the exchange rate stability. The former reflects an excess money supply in the domestic economy. stability and social justice. many people accepted significance of monetary policy in attaining following objectives. 2. Rapid Economic Growth Price Stability Exchange Rate Stability Balance of Payments (BOP) Equilibrium Full Employment Neutrality of Money Equal Income Distribution These are the general objectives which every central bank of a nation tries to attain by employing certain tools (Instruments) of a monetary policy. In a nutshell planning in India aims at growth. Faster economic growth is possible if the monetary policy succeeds in maintaining income and price stability. the 'BOP Surplus' and the 'BOP Deficit'. In India.e. 2. 7. Rapid Economic Growth : It is the most important objective of a monetary policy. Exchange Rate Stability : Exchange rate is the price of a home currency expressed in terms of any foreign currency. the investment level in the economy can be encouraged. 3. If the RBI opts for a cheap or easy credit policy by reducing interest rates. The monetary policy can influence economic growth by controlling real interest rate and its resultant impact on the investment. 4. If this exchange rate is very volatile leading to frequent ups and downs in the exchange rate.The objectives of a monetary policy in India are similar to the objectives of its five year plans. Thus. The Reserve Bank of India through its monetary policy tries to maintain equilibrium in the balance of payments. It can also be called as Price Instability. Balance of Payments (BOP) Equilibrium : Many developing countries like India suffers from the Disequilibrium in the BOP. 3.

If the monetary policy is expansionary then credit supply can be encouraged. Neutrality of Money : Economist such as Wicksted.10 to Rs. In simple words 'Full Employment' stands for a situation in which everybody who wants jobs get jobs.of money. A firm supplied 3000 pens at the rate of Rs 10. We know that the original price is Rs. According to them.22. etc.We see that the quantity supplied when the price is Rs. Thus monetary policy has to regulate the supply of money and neutralize the effect of money expansion. small-scale industries. So we have: Price(OLD)=9 Price(NEW)=10 Quantity Supply (OLD)=3000 Quantity Supply (NEW)=5000 .10 is 3000 and when the price is Rs. However it does not mean that there is a Zero unemployment. Q3. If the monetary policy succeeds in maintaining monetary equilibrium. This can prove fruitful for these sectors to come up. It could help in creating more jobs in different sector of the economy. It refers to absence of involuntary unemployment.22. money should play only a role of medium of exchange and not more than that. Therefore. Full Employment : The concept of full employment was much discussed after Keynes's publication of the "General Theory" in 1936. The change in money supply creates monetary disequilibrium. monetary policy can make special provisions for the neglect supply such as agriculture. 5. Find the elasticity of supply of the pens. However this objective of a monetary policy is always criticized on the ground that if money supply is kept constant then it would be difficult to attain price stability. Robertson have always considered money as a passive factor. 7.22 is 5000. and provide them with cheaper credit for longer term. monetary policy can help in reducing economic inequalities among different sections of society. Monetary policy can be used for achieving full employment. However in resent years economists have given the opinion that the monetary policy can help and play a supplementary role in attainting an economic equality. Next month. village industries. Equal Income Distribution : Many economists used to justify the role of the fiscal policy is maintaining economic equality. Since we're going from Rs. In that senses the full employment is never full. the monetary policy should regulate the supply of money. due to a rise of in the price to 22 rs per pen the supply of the firm increases to 5000 pens. then the BOP equilibrium can be achieved. 6. Ans:First we need to find the data we need.22. we have Quantity Supply (OLD)=3000 and Quantity Supply (NEW)=5000.10 and Price(NEW)=Rs. Thus in recent period. so we have Price (OLD)=Rs.10 and the new price is Rs.

we get: [22 .Quantity Supply (OLD)] / Quantity Supply (OLD) By filling in the values we wrote down.2) = .2 We have both the percentage change in quantity supplied and the percentage change in price. Now we need to calculate the percentage change in price. we get: [5000 . Calculating the Percentage Change in Price Similar to before.667 (This is in decimal terms. so we can calculate the price elasticity of supply. PEoD = (0.7%). It's best to calculate these one at a time. Final Step of Calculating the Price Elasticity of Supply We go back to our formula of: PEoS = (% Change in Quantity Supplied)/(% Change in Price) We now fill in the two percentages in this equation using the figures we calculated.Price(OLD)] / Price(OLD) By filling in the values we wrote down. but here that is not an issue since we have a positive value. In percentage terms it would be 66.To calculate the price elasticity. the formula used to calculate the percentage change in price is: [Price(NEW) .667)/(1.3000] / 3000 = (2000/3000) = 0. . we need to know what the percentage change in quantity supply is and what the percentage change in price is.667 So we note that % Change in Quantity Supplied = 0.56 Note :-When we analyze price elasticities we're concerned with the absolute value.10] / 10 = (12/10) = 1. Calculating the Percentage Change in Quantity Supply The formula used to calculate the percentage change in quantity supplied is: [Quantity Supply (NEW) .

it results from a loss in the potential revenue. An implicit cost is an indirect intangible cost. or it can be a one-off expense. like the electric bill. The implicit costs results if a person is willing to forego the satisfaction in the search of an activity and is not rewarded by money and in any other form of payment. the explicit costs represent the expenses of the hotel room and other costs. It begins and ends with foregoing the satisfaction and benefits. Give a brief description of a) Implicit and explicit cost b) Actual and opportunity cost Ans:a) Implicit and explicit cost Implicit Cost Implicit cost is a cost that is represented by the lost opportunity in the use of a company's own resources. In other words. then an explicit cost is incurred as the hired person would be paid the wages. Implicit cost is the cost that is associated with an action¶s tradeoff. Whereas the implicit costs indicates the tradeoff. or it can vary from time to time. i. Likewise.e. In case another person is hired to do the work. etc. wages.Q4. materials. The contractor must charge enough to cover both the implicit and explicit costs to make a profit. It represents the explicit cost. If a person does an extra work added to his or her work without an extra pay. Implicit cost is an important concept in determining the cost of completing projects. the salary that the employee could have earned if he had not gone for a vacation. Examples of explicit costs include salaries. For example if a contractor hires a plumber to complete a job. which is the actual cost of an activity and is related to a cost that is not recorded but is instead applied. Explicit costs are those costs which are in the nature of contractual payments and are paid by an entrepreneur to the factors of production [excluding himself] in the form of . An example of an implicit cost is Goodwill. Implicit costs cannot be traded and hence it cannot be counted in terms of money. if an employee goes on a vacation. it can be predictable. excluding cash. an explicit cost is called an outlay cost. Less commonly. Explicit Cost A direct expense that a business incurs in conducting an activity. then he/ she incurs an implicit cost. For example. An explicit cost can be recurring. like the rent. The implicit cost for some enterprises is the result of the total time taken by a person to complete the project and the value of that person s time. The implicit cost are the costs of an enterprise that does not require direct expenditure.

These are examples of explicit costs. school supplies. Milton Friedman. The concept of opportunity cost is one of the most important ideas in economics. expenses on row materials. People have to choose between different alternatives when deciding how to spend their money and their time. They are those costs that involve financial expenditures at some time and hence recorded in the books of accounts. do homework.. Opportunity cost includes both explicit and implicit costs. For example. The opportunity cost of an action is what you must give up when you make that choice.e. The opportunity cost includes both explicit and implicit costs. However. Oppurtunity Cost This concept of scarcity leads to the idea of opportunity cost. is fond of saying "there is no such thing as a free lunch. Implicit costs are costs that do not require a money payment. They can be exactly calculated and accounted without any difficulty. etc. fuel and other types of inputs. Actual Cost Actual costs are also called as outlay costs. powers. absolute costs and acquisition costs. everything has an opportunity cost. They can be estimated and calculated exactly and recorded in the books of accounts. books." What that means is that in a world of Another way to say this is: It is the value of the next best opportunity. costs that require a money payment. etc. There is always a trade-off involved in any decision you make. utility expenses and payment for raw materials etc. wages. Consider the question. . interest and profis. The amount that the student could have earned if she had worked rather than attended school is the implicit cost of attending college. i. these costs are small compared to the value of the time it takes to attend class. Implicit costs are costs that do not require a money payment. who won the Nobel Prize for Economics. How much does it cost to go to college for a year? We could add up the direct costs like tuition. Explicit costs are costs that require a money payment. They are the actual expenses incurred for producing or acquiring a commodity or service by a firm. wages paid to workers. Opportunity cost is a direct implication of scarcity.


10 Questions for Pole Championship Series Finalist Rachele Ribera

10 Questions for Pole Championship Series Finalist Rachele Ribera

10 Questions for Pole Championship Series Finalist Rachele Ribera

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The Pole Championship Series, taking place at The Arnold Sports Festival, is about one month away! United Pole Artists has been interviewing competitors leading up to the big event. Next up is Rachele Ribera, the current Miss Pole Dance Oklahoma Champion.

Where do you train?
Primarily, I train at home. I teach at Teaze Dance & Fitness in Oklahoma City, and Lynn Crowe, owner, has been extremely accommodating in letting me use the studio space whenever I need to run things. I spend as much time as I can at Alethea Austin’s The Chrome Bar; she has created something so special.  It’s a place that feels like home and has helped me find and discover myself as a pole dancer. I’ve also workshopped with a long list of pole stars and then integrated pieces of those workshops into my training.
You played competitive basketball for 10 years. What was the transition to pole like?
Having played at the level I did was extremely beneficial as I transitioned into pole. Sacrifice, persistence, and hard work became second nature at a young age while playing, and those are things that are necessary in pole, especially coming into it with so little upper body strength. Looking back at video footage of my first year of pole is just crazy to me now. I had a lot of big dreams for my skill level, but I knew I was capable of improving only as long as I kept trying. I kept trying, a lot! I got that mindset from playing basketball; it was very natural to think that way, and it’s been fundamental in my growth. You can’t improve if you give up.
You are a member of MENSA, the largest and oldest high IQ society in the world. How did this come about?
My 1st grade teachers were concerned because I refused to participate in what the group was doing, and instead would sit in the corner reading whale books. Yes, that was my obsession that year, and I had a bathtub full of them! Many members of my father’s side of the family were members of MENSA at the time, and recommended having my IQ assessed. I scored above the 98th percentile on The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Third Edition and The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition. They were happy to help and see another family member receive their membership and provide insight into my obsession with whales!
How has the acceptance of pole dancing as a competitive sport in your hometown been?
When I explained to my physical therapist how I injured my rib/shoulder, the first thing she said was, “that’s amazing.” That was nice coming from someone outside of the community. She really understood the strength pole dance requires and considered myself and others in the industry top level athletes; it was very refreshing not having to explain or preface it. Actually, I’ve stopped prefacing it altogether. If people want to know, they’ll ask.
Overall, I feel the competitive aspect is a little misunderstood. One typical response is, “so it’s like a dance competition.” It is in some ways, but because the pole community is so tightly knit, and relatively small, pole dance competitions act as mediums for exposure in the pole community in ways I don’t feel dance competitions can for dancers in the dance community. For those who want to make a career out of pole dancing, pole competitions are just one aspect, and this is what I feel is least understood.

How did you train for Miss Pole Dance Oklahoma?
Figure 8, my piece for MPDO, was the first full pole dance I choreographed. I wanted it to be my own creation, probably because I never had that power when I danced competitively. Up to that point, I had mostly trained elements individually, with some simple combinations. To train for MPDO, I chose the elements and movement phrases I wanted to use, and drilled them, a lot! I listened to my song hundreds of times and visualized each element in different places until I felt they clicked. A story started to develop, and I aimed to tell it through the movement connecting each element. Soon, I had filled the music and I finished by polishing each piece.
What is your favorite pole move of the moment?
Right now, I am all about flowing around the pole and combining different transitions in seamless ways. I guess don’t really have a favorite pole ‘move’ of the moment.
What about favorite song?
Pretty much anything from The Neighbourhood.
Do you have a pole idol?
Alethea has been a pole idol of mine since I discovered her on YouYube; but she has become a role model as well.  Aside from the way she moves and performs, she is a fantastic businesswoman, brand director, studio owner, instructor, and visionary. Being successful in any one of those areas doesn’t guarantee success in another; I admire her dedication to every aspect, and her success.
The Pole Championship Series will mark the first time pole fitness has been featured at The Arnold Sports Festival. How does it feel to be part of this boundary-breaking event?
 It is a privilege, one I’m very proud of! The line-up is full of talented women and it will be interesting to see how the competition is received. This is a big step for the pole dance industry.

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Volunteers are the heart of the Vermont Foodbank. Without them, thousands of pounds of food would not be sorted, packed and distributed, events wouldn’t be properly staffed and projects not completed. By the end of this year Foodbank volunteers will have given nearly 10,000 hours of their time sorting and packing food, gleaning produce from farms throughout the state, creating and putting together projects and preparing and packing meals. Bottom line, they ensure we’re able to reach as many people struggling with hunger throughout the state as possible. Thanks to them we are able to put additional funds to use to feed kids, families and seniors that would otherwise be used to employ 6 full-time staff! But not only do they enable us to do our work, increase our productivity and allow us to be more efficient economically, they are also a warm and caring force that speaks out against hunger on a daily basis to their family, friends, neighbors and anyone else who will listen. They are proud of the Foodbank, their contribution and we are proud of them!

THANK YOU all for everything you do! You are our HEART!


Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances by Annette Weissenrieder

By Annette Weissenrieder

What are the correct conceptualities and terminologies marking political, cultural, cultic, or spiritual borders and border zones? What phrases symbolize 'border' or 'border zones' and what did they represent in antiquity? during this quantity, a world staff of archaeologists, classicists, historians, and biblical students investigates a variety of phrases, performances, and characteristics of borders, and ideologies of obstacles in antiquity. Their basic concentration is on actual borders and border zones of political businesses in addition to of sanctuaries and homes, and on borderlines that are skilled in demarcations and their relevance for spiritual lifestyles. The contributions additionally talk about situations the place definitions of exterior borders are renounced altogether and states are equipped from the heart towards the outer margins, for instance, with the sub-divisions of a given territory final undefined. and so they look at trans-boundary social relationships, investigated at the foundation of archaeological reveals and textual resources, and their importance for the move of knowledge.

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Sweet Potatoes

Sweet Potato

Sweet Potatoes

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Botanically, this starchy tuber plant is a dicotyledon, belonging to the family of Convolvulaceae, and named botanically as Ipomoea batatas. Its crunchy, sweet flesh is an abundant source of flavonoid pigment antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber that are essential for optimal health.

Sweet potato is grown throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions. The crop just requires sufficient water and little attention for their successful cultivation. The tuberous root features oblong/elongated shape with tapering ends and has smooth outer skin whose color may range from red, purple, brown, and white, depending upon the cultivar type.

Sweet potatoes should not be confused with yams, another starchy root widely grown in Western Africa. Yams are indeed larger in size and can weigh up to 120 pounds in weight and 2 meters in length. Yams are tropical crops and indeed never grow where the temperature dips below 68 degrees F. Important differentiating features that distinguish sweet potatoes from yams are:

Boniatos, also known as Cuban sweet potatoes, feature dry, starchy flesh underneath the reddish-brown skin. They have mildly sweet flavor and cooked in similar fashion like potatoes.

Sweet potato greens are also edible. In fact, the tender shoots and leaves contain more nutrients and dietary fiber than some of the popular green leafy vegetables like spinach.

Health benefits of Sweet potato

Sweet potato is one of the high-calorie starch foods (provide 90 calories/100 g vis a vis to 70 calories/100 g in potato). The tuber, however, contains no saturated fats or cholesterol, and is a rich source of dietary fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals than potatoes.

Its calorie content mainly comes from starch, a complex carbohydrate. Sweet potato has higher amylose to amylopectin ratio than that in potato. Amylose raises the blood sugar levels rather slowly on comparison to simple fruit sugars (fructose, glucose, etc.) and therefore, recommended as a healthy food even in diabetes.

The tuber is an excellent source of flavonoid phenolic compounds such as beta-carotene and vitamin-A. 100 g of tuber provides 14,187 IU of vitamin-A and 8,509 µg of ß-carotene, a value which is the highest for any root vegetables. These compounds are powerful natural antioxidants. Vitamin-A is also required for the human body to maintain the integrity of mucosa and skin. It is a vital nutrient for healthy vision. Consumption of natural vegetables and fruits rich in flavonoids helps protect from lung and oral cavity cancers.

Sweet potato top greens are indeed more nutritious than the tuber itself. Weight per weight, 100 g of fresh leaves carry more iron, vitamin-C, folates, vitamin-K, and potassium but less sodium than its tuber.

Selection and storage

Preparation and serving methods

Here are some serving tips:

Fresh sweet potatoes can be eaten raw.

Baking in water with a pinch of salt would give a delicious taste to them. Peel the skin before eating.

Camote cue, wherein the sweet potato chips deep-fried and caramelized with brown sugar, is a popular street food in the Philippines.

It is used in the preparation of soups, curries, stews, and in the confectionery to make cakes, pie, etc.

The tuber also used to prepare different kinds of baby foods.

Sweet potato chips are enjoyed as favorite snacks.

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In this paper we study the one-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equations which are driven by Brownian motion as well as a mutually independent martingale appearing in a defaultable setting. Using a penalization method, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to these equations. As an application, we show that under proper assumptions the solution of the reflected equation is the value of the related mixed optimal stopping-control problem.  相似文献
In this paper we use an intensity-based framework to analyze and compute the correlated default probabilities, both in finance and actuarial sciences, following the idea of “change of measure” initiated by Collin-Dufresne et al. (2004). Our method is based on a representation theorem for joint survival probability among an arbitrary number of defaults, which works particularly effectively for certain types of correlated default models, including the counter-party risk models of Jarrow and Yu (2001) and related problems such as the phenomenon of “flight to quality”. The results are also useful in studying the recently observed dependent mortality for married couples involving spousal bereavement. In particular we study in details a problem of pricing Universal Variable Life (UVL) insurance products. The explicit formulae for the joint-life status and last-survivor status (or equivalently, the probability distribution of first-to-default and last-to-default in a multi-firm setting) enable us to derive the explicit solution to the indifference pricing formula without using any advanced results in partial differential equations.  相似文献
We study the Riccati equation arising in a class of quadratic optimal control problems with infinite dimensional stochastic differential state equation and infinite horizon cost functional. We allow the coefficients, both in the state equation and in the cost, to be random. In such a context backward stochastic Riccati equations are backward stochastic differential equations in the whole positive real axis that involve quadratic non-linearities and take values in a non-Hilbertian space. We prove existence of a minimal non-negative solution and, under additional assumptions, its uniqueness. We show that such a solution allows to perform the synthesis of the optimal control and investigate its attractivity properties. Finally the case where the coefficients are stationary is addressed and an example concerning a controlled wave equation in random media is proposed.  相似文献
A fast algorithm for computation of default times of multiple firms in a structural model is presented. The algorithm uses a multivariate extension of the Fortet's equation and the structure of Toeplitz matrices to significantly improve the computation time. In a financial market consisting of M1 firms and N discretization points in every dimension the algorithm uses O(nlogn·M·MNM(M-1)/2) operations, where n is the number of discretization points in the time domain. The algorithm is applied to firm survival probability computation and zero coupon bond pricing.  相似文献
This paper is concerned with the mixed H2/H∞ control for stochastic systems with random coefcients,which is actually a control combining the H2 optimization with the H∞robust performance as the name of H2/H∞ reveals.Based on the classical theory of linear-quadratic(LQ,for short)optimal control,the sufcient and necessary conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the indefinite backward stochastic Riccati equation(BSRE,for short)associated with H∞ robustness are derived.Then the sufcient and necessary conditions for the existence of the H2/H∞ control are given utilizing a pair of coupled stochastic Riccati equations.  相似文献


Holiday Piano Courses
Holiday Ballet Course
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Holiday piano courses

Combine Learning about how a pianos works and its relationship with the Technique of piano playing.

The holiday part will be spent seeing some of those special hide away places usually only known to the locals.

This piano course has been designed at the request of Piano Teachers and people who have said they would like to develop a greater understanding of the Technique of Piano Playing in relationship to the how the Piano Mechanism works; and the enormous importance of how it should be adjusted if we are to produce the sound we require.

We would like your Holiday Course to be enjoyable and a happy memory. The courses are not ridged and can be tailored to suite you.

Some of the Subjects covered will include:
The meaning of technique.
How to get the brain to control your limbs and muscles to produce the sound you require.
The Three Phases in Playing a Note.
What is the technique required from the pianist to produce a singing tone, and what do we require from the piano to allow us to achieve that sound.
Arm weight and six different ways to use it.
Accuracy of tone and the link between, music, technique and the mechanical piano.
How to use your finger, hand, arm and body.
The use and misunderstandings of forearm and hand rotation.
Preparation of groups of notes.
How to play staccato and legato.
50 Individual technical details you should be perfecting when you play a scale.
The lateral movement of the thumb.
The Phrase; the shape of a note; and its relationship to the front and back of the beat.
What causes tension and how to eliminate it.


Unload Burdens

According to the 2015 study of the American Psychological Association (APA), 64% of the Americans are stressing about money. The study further reveals that such stress are also affecting American’s well-being.

Money, or the mismanagement and the lack of thereof, can be indeed be a great source of stress, but it doesn’t mean that the situation is incurable.

Whether you have student loans, medical bills and/or consumer debt, the first way to tackle your financial burdens is to acknowledge that you have them. Don’t live blindly and keep making the same mistakes. You have to face the problem, no matter how deep it is already and acknowledge that they will not go away until you act on them.

To begin with, list down how much you owe and how much you earn. Chances are, you’re expenses are far greater than your income. While this is a typical picture for people who are in financial trouble, coming face to face with the totality of your debts will make you realize you’ve been making bad financial decisions and it’s time to correct them.

At this point you have to create a comprehensive game plan on how you should tackle your financial woes. First, determine a working budget based on how you can live with just the bare essentials. You have to cut down on your expenses to increase the amount you can pay on your debts. You also need to start tracking your expenses to make sure you’re spending for the right reasons. Additionally, having an emergency fund will help you deal with your problems while having a cushion for anything that’s unexpected.

You don’t want to keep money controlling you. Instead, you have to learn to control your money. With that said, you must know when to use your credit cards, get cash loans or extend your line of credit.

Financing solutions like quick cash loans will get you a long way when used properly. When taking cash loans, you should keep in mind that you’re able to pay it off promptly and that you will use the loan in bridging financial gaps, not finance your materialistic extinct.

It might be easy to get tempted in taking cash loans today because they’re usually so easy and fast to get, but these loans do come at a cost, an expensive one at that, so make sure you intend to use them wisely.

The Joneses look like they’ve got it together, but they could also be in deeper financial trouble just to keep appearances. Stop keeping up with them and learn to value what’s truly important in your life, even if that means foregoing some of life’s luxuries just to become financially stable.

At the end of the day, money is merely a tool to buy things but it’s how you treat money that will ultimately determine how you stand in life financially. While having debt is quite the norm in our society today, it also doesn’t justify getting in debt for trivial reasons. You have to go back to the basics of personal finance like budgeting, tracking your expenses and being careful with borrowing money.


Ayurveda Remedies for Depression

Depression has become a common emotional disorder in the world today. No nation is spared. People of all age groups are its victims of it, many a times the reasons are most trivial and silly.  Even primary school children are depressed, something unheard of till a few years ago.  We are going to discuss all aspects of Ayurveda like its causes symptoms and treatments. Treatments we will discuss are Ayurvedic and non-invasive.

Stress is mainly caused because of our inability to handle crises or approaching adverse situations wrongly. Main causes that create stress are anxiety, tension, mental stress, drug addiction, and deficiency of vitamin B complex.

The disorder is capable of turning life topsy-turvy if allowed to go unnoticed. Symptoms are so much a part of daily life that often people fail to notice them; and take them for granted and think that these problems will solve themselves over time. But that is not how anything works, including our mind and body. Nothing happens automatically, some effort at some level is required for everything.

Symptoms of depression could be one or more of the following; feeling of overwhelming sadness or dejection, experiencing a deep sense of loss, feeling physically drained out without exerting much through the day, losing interest in day to day life including food; no appetite, mental fatigue or feeling of restlessness, sleep disturbance,  lack of focus, feeling giddy and irritable etc.

Simplest and the most basic ways to deal with depression or help someone deal with it is by keeping the person constructively busy, giving simple tasks to perform, which will uplift their spirit and build self-esteem, along with that we should also encourage them to get proper rest and practice meditation.

There are some simple remedies in Ayurveda to deal with depression. We will discuss some with ingredients like cardamom seeds, nutmeg powder, gooseberry, Brahmi, Ashwagandha etc.

Make a drink by mixing half a tea spoon of cardamom seeds powder in a glass of water and sieve and drink it every day.

Take 4-5 gooseberries and extract their juice after removing seeds. In two tea spoons of this juice add half a tea spoon of nutmeg powder. Mix well and drink twice a day.

You can also mix one tea spoon of cashew nut powder to a cup of warm milk, mix well and drink once every day.

In one glass of water add two tablespoons of Ashwagandha & Brahmi powder; these two herbs are available in the market by the same name. Drink two glasses of water every day.

If problem seems out of control you can even visit a psychiatrist. You can seek online help from professional consultants.


Category Archives: Probability Theories And Interpretations

Quantum probability theory as an alternative to classical (Kolgomorov) probability theory for modelling human decision making processes, and a curious description of the effect of a particular ordering of decisions in the complete result

Peter D. Bruza, Zheng Wang, Jerome R. Busemeyer, Quantum cognition: a new theoretical approach to psychology, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 19, Issue 7, July 2015, Pages 383-393, ISSN 1364-6613, DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.05.001.

What type of probability theory best describes the way humans make judgments under uncertainty and decisions under conflict? Although rational models of cognition have become prominent and have achieved much success, they adhere to the laws of classical probability theory despite the fact that human reasoning does not always conform to these laws. For this reason we have seen the recent emergence of models based on an alternative probabilistic framework drawn from quantum theory. These quantum models show promise in addressing cognitive phenomena that have proven recalcitrant to modeling by means of classical probability theory. This review compares and contrasts probabilistic models based on Bayesian or classical versus quantum principles, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.


Test your basic knowledge |

AP Macroeconomics

Subjects : economics, ap
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.

1. Period in which the economy moves from a trough to a peak and a real GDP is increasing; also called a boom.

2. States that as prices rise - people are willing and able to buy less of a good and - hence - the quantity demanded decreases; as prices fall - people are willing and able to buy more - so the quantity demanded increases and the demand curve slopes do

3. Resource is unavailable in sufficient amounts to satisfy various ways society wants to use it.

4. Enacted when the government deliberately increases its deficit to stimulate the economy; the government increases its spending (increases G) - cuts taxes (decreases T) - or both - and stimulates the economy by expanding aggregate demand (AD).

5. Will shift either to the left(decrease) in demand - or to the right(increase) in demand; shift is caused by a change in one of the non-price determinates for the good.

6. A Latin phrase meaning 'all things constant.'

7. The long-run pattern of growth and recession.

8. Can be measured by using TR as a gauge; a decrease in TR following an increase in Price = Elastic Demand - When Price and TR move in opposite directions..... P?/TR? or P?/TR?

9. Nominal GDP corrected for inflation; real GDP is calculated using prices from a given base year - which may not be the same as the year being measured or the year in which the calculations are made. Real GDP allows economists to compare changes in pr

10. Results an increase in the demand for normal goods and a decrease in the demand for inferior goods.

11. Monetary policy methods by which the Fed aims to increase the money supply and lower interest rates - thereby creating an increase in output; in pursuit of expansionary policy goals - the Fed can lower the required reserve ratio - lower the discount

12. A market with only a few sellers - each offering a product that is largely the same as the others' products; in an oligopoly - there is always a tension between cooperation and competition.

13. Decisions of individual producers and consumers determine what how and for whom to reduce. Minor Government interference. Economy is run by itself.

14. Government officials make decisions about economy.

15. Mathematical approximation used to measure the effect of economic growth; this rule tells us the approximate number of years it will take for some measure (real GDP - price level - savings account - etc.) to double given a known annual percentage inc

16. The gross domestic product calculated using current-year prices; for example - the nominal GDP for 2001 would calculate the value of production using2001 prices for goods and services. Nominal GDP can vary widely from year to year - due to forces suc

17. The cost of something in terms of what one must give up to get it.

18. Decisions by individuals about what to do and what not to do.

19. Real cost of an item is its opportunity cost.

20. A shift of the demand curve resulting from a change in consumer taste and preferences.

21. Total revenue (TR) price of a good multiplied by the number of units sold; TR = P*Q.

22. The income earned by households and profits earned by firms after subtracting.

23. Movement up or down a single demand curve - contrasted with movement of the demand curve itself.

24. Anything that shows the economy as a whole.

25. The study of scarcity and choice.

26. Period in which a recession becomes prolonged and deep - involving high unemployment.

27. Goods that compete with one another. If the price for one goes up the demand for the other will go up.

28. The amount of a good actually sold.

29. Goods that go together - if price ? the demand for both that good and complimentary good ?.

30. Anything that can be used to produce something else

31. A curve depicting the relationship between real GDP demanded (i.e. - expenditures) and the price level in the economy; the aggregate demand curve slopes downward from left to right.

32. Unemployment faced by workers who have lost their jobs because of changing market (demand) conditions & whose skills don't match the requirements of available jobs.

33. (population); Then there is a shift in the demand curve resulting from and increase or decrease in market demand - as specific consumption related to demographics is concerned.

34. Not significantly responsive to changes in price.

35. A good the demand for which rises as income rises and falls as income falls; consumer income rises and demand rises.

36. Consumer income rise - demand will rise.

37. A type of inflation that occurs when an economy's output (real GDP decreases and its price level rises; production stagnates (as during a recession) while prices (and unemployment) go up.

38. A period of slow economic growth - usually accompanied by rising unemployment; two consecutive quarters of declining output.

39. Graphic representation of an inverse relationship between wage growth (percentage change in price level - such as inflation) and unemployment.

40. A special tax imposed on imported goods.

41. When the percent of change in the quantity demanded is less than then percent of change in price; when there is a small change in the quantity of a good demanded - and a large change in the price of the good.

42. The highest point of a business cycle.

43. The percentage of the civilian labor force that is unemployed. The number of persons unemployed divided by the number of persons in the civilian labor force (expressed as a percentage).

44. A way of measuring the GDP by adding up all spending on final goods and services during a given year.

45. A shift in the demand curve resulting from consumer expectations regarding future income or future price of Goods and Services.

46. The graphical representation of the law of demand. Shows the amount of a good buyers are willing and able to buy at various prices.

47. When consumers substitute a similar - lower priced product for a product which is relatively more expensive.

48. The group of individuals who are either working or actively looking for work; the labor force includes the unemployed: labor force = number of individuals in labor force/number of individuals in the adult population - expressed as a percentage.

49. A civilian - non-institutionalized adult is considered to be unemployed when he or she does not have a job but is actively looking for one; unemployment figures reflect the number of individuals meeting this definition who are parts of the labor forc

50. The proportion of each additional dollar of income that will go toward consumption expenditures.


The book is now available! 1258925411
(just those submitted by Caldwell)
Prime Curios!
Curios: Curios Search:

+ An emirp formed from the first ten digits of the decimal expansion of the tenth-root of ten. [Caldwell]


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FAQ-how to find VID and PID for USB flash disk

Publication Date:  2015-05-12 Views:  226 Downloads:  0
Issue Description

customer ask how to find VID and PID for USB flash disk ?

Below example for how to check PID and VID for USB Flash Disk  in windows 7:

1   Connect the USB device to your computer.

2   Right-click on my computer ,then Click Manage.

3   Expand Universal Serial Bus Controller.

4   Right-click on the USB Device listed, then click Properties.

5   Select the Details Tab and Select Hardware Ids from the drop-down list.

6  VID for this USB dsik is : 095 and PID is : 1642.

Note :
Each USB device attached to a USB host must have a unique Vendor ID (VID), Product ID (PID), and Serial String combination in order to function properly.
The Vendor ID is obtained from and requires a yearly fee to maintain.
Product IDs are assigned and maintained by the vendor who owns the VID. Product IDs are normally used to distinguish between different products under a single VID — this is at the discretion of the vendor. If a Silicon Labs USB device is used in a product, it is permissible for a company to use their own VID or a Silicon Labs VID. To use a Silicon Labs VID, you must be issued a custom PID directly from Silicon Labs. It is not allowed to use a random PID under the Silicon Labs VID, nor to use a PID assigned to a different company.
The Product String is a text string used to describe the product. This string will be displayed in Device Manager whenever the USB product is connected to the PC.
The Serial String is used to distinguish between multiple devices which have the same VID and PID. It is the responsibility of the product manufacturer to serialize their own USB devices, but it is possible for Silicon Labs to pre-program the VID and PID into CP210x USB devices and perform serialization.


CHILLICOTHE - I still remember sitting next to Stu Beverly in my high school journalism class and I still remember our conversations.

At that point in my life, it was kind of surreal hanging out with the starting forward on the state's best high school basketball team. I was starstruck ... even in high school.

Before and after Stu's Cavaliers won the Division II state title, he stayed the same.

There wasn't an arrogant stroke to him, he didn't think he was "all that," and I never heard him brag, not even once, about his contributions to the school's athletic programs.

But, looking back on it, I wouldn't blame him if he would've. With the things he had accomplished, he certainly had the firepower behind him to do so.

When I heard of Stu's passing this past week, it was like a torpedo found the pit of my stomach. Don't get me wrong. Stu and I weren't best friends. We didn't hang out after high school and I couldn't tell you where he was in his life or what he was doing.

But I can tell you what I remember from the conversations we had and what his teammates, his coaches, and his peers thought of him.

Here are just a few comments from those close to him:

"Stu epitomized what it meant to not only be a Cavalier but a Cavalier basketball player during coach (Gary Kellough's) time at CHS," Beverly's teammate, Seth Dawes said. "I will always remember Stu as a hard worker and an incredible defender. He was a good basketball player, but an even better person. A true team player, a friend, and for that Stu, thank you."

Kellough had already been through a tragedy at the beginning of this basketball season with Zane Trace when Tristan Miller passed. When he heard the news of Beverly's death, not even combating a recent tragedy could've prepared him.

"I still consider all the people at Chillicothe my family," Kellough said. "When (Pastor) Obadiah (Harris) gave me the call at midnight, it was unreal. Stu and my family were very close. We had a great relationship. He liked to spend time with my wife and me during the offseason. The Beverly family was so good to us. He was like one of my kids. All of my players are like my kids but Stu was at the top of the list. To lose one of those kids, I can’t explain it. It takes your heart away."

Another one of Beverly's teammates, Caleb Knights, was just as complimentary.

"Before every game, we would review our scouting report and matchups. But when we stepped on the court, Stu would check with me to make sure I was good to guard my man, no matter the level of difficulty I was up against," he said. "That’s just the type of individual he was; a teammate, a support system, and a quiet leader."

You see, you didn't just simply dislike Stu Beverly. He had a complex nature about him that oozed likability. The way he talked, the way he walked, the way he made sure to engage in conversation with those who maybe weren't as popular as he was ... that all stands out.

And what many may not know is, Stu was a great writer. As the sports editor of our high school newspaper, I had the chance to work alongside him in class.

He was the type of writer when you were done editing his story, you were left wanting to read more. He never missed a deadline, he never caused a problem. He came to class, worked his butt off, and it showed in the work he turned in.

Was Stu Beverly a great basketball player? No doubt about it.

But let's remember what type of human being he was and what he brought to this community, on and off the court. He will for sure be missed and forever be immortalized.


Vitamin E 'affects stroke risk'

Friday November 5 2010

“Taking vitamin E could slightly increase the risk of a particular type of stroke,” reported BBC News. It said that a study has found that for every 1,250 people taking vitamin E, there is the chance of one extra haemorrhagic stroke - bleeding in the brain.

This large and well-conducted systematic review found that taking vitamin E increased the risk of haemorrhagic stroke (the less common type of stroke) by 22%. The vitamin also slightly reduced the risk of ischaemic stroke (due to a clot in the brain). This equates to one extra haemorrhagic stroke for every 1,250 people taking vitamin E, and one ischaemic stroke prevented for every 476 people.

The researchers conclude that indiscriminate widespread use of vitamin E should be cautioned against.

These risk figures are only of borderline statistical significance, making it difficult to interpret these findings. The UK Food Standards Agency advises that a varied and balanced diet should give people all the vitamin E that they need. It also says any potential harm from taking too much vitamin E is not firmly established, but that a maximum of 540mg daily is unlikely to cause harm.

Where did the story come from?

Researchers from Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health and institutions in France and Germany carried out this review. There were no specific sources of funding. The research was published in the peer-reviewed British Medical Journal.

In general, the news stories have accurately reflected the findings of this review.

What kind of research was this?

This research investigated whether vitamin E supplementation increases the risk of stroke. The researchers were interested in its effects on strokes from any cause, and the specific types, ischaemic stroke (due to a clot) and haemorrhagic stroke (due to a bleed). The study consisted of a systematic review and meta-analysis of all the available high quality studies to date, comparing vitamin E supplementation with an inactive placebo pill on the outcome of stroke.

A systematic review is the best way to combine the results of trials to assess the effect of a treatment on a health outcome. Sometimes the trials that are included have different methods, such as different populations and different outcomes. In a good review, these differences are taken into account and adjusted for in the analyses.

What did the research involve?

The researchers searched electronic databases to identify all randomised controlled trials (RCT) that had examined the effect of vitamin E on stroke incidence (overall stroke and stroke subtypes). Studies had to have been at least a year in duration to be eligible. Only those trials examining pure vitamin E supplementation were included, and those using multivitamins or combinations of vitamins were excluded. Each of the trials was assessed for quality, following which their data were extracted.

The researchers determined the risk of stroke  when taking vitamin E supplementation compared to placebo for each trial. They pooled these results, taking into account differences between the trials (their heterogeneity).

Of particular interest to them were differences between the various populations that were studied. For example, whether the study had looked at primary prevention in people who had not had a cardiovascular event, or at secondary prevention in people who had already had a heart attack or stroke. The researchers were also interested in the vitamin E dose, and how this affected the relationship between stroke and vitamin E.

What were the basic results?

Nine studies were identified including a total 118,765 people (59,357 randomised to vitamin E and 59,408 to placebo). Seven of the trials reported the outcome of total stroke, five reported on ischaemic stroke and five reported on haemorrhagic stroke. Four of the RCTs were in people treated for primary prevention, and five looked at secondary prevention in high-risk people who had previously had a cardiovascular event. Participants were above the age of 40 in all trials. Follow-up time ranged from between one and 10 years, and completion rates were high across trials.

In the analysis of all types of stroke, vitamin E was found to have no effect (pooled relative risk 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91 to 1.05). Vitamin E marginally decreased the risk of an ischaemic stroke by 10% (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95%, CI 0.82 to 0.99), but caused a borderline significant 22% increase in the risk of haemorrhagic stroke (pooled relative risk 1.22, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.48). The researchers calculated that this equated to one extra haemorrhagic stroke for every 1,250 people taking vitamin E, compared with one ischaemic stroke prevented for every 476 people taking vitamin E.

There was little heterogeneity between studies, and the researchers did not find that the health status of the included participants (e.g. whether they had had previous stroke or not) or the dose of vitamin E used had an effect on risk associations. Reported doses in trials varied between 300mg vitamin E daily, and 800 IU (international units) daily in one study.

How did the researchers interpret the results?

The researchers conclude that vitamin E increased the risk of haemorrhagic stroke by 22% and reduced the risk of ischaemic stroke by 10%. They say that the small reduction in the risk of ischaemic stroke is exceeded by the larger increase in the risk of a severe outcome from haemorrhagic stroke.

As a result, they recommend that the widespread use of vitamin E supplementation should be avoided.

Previous observational studies have suggested that vitamin E may have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease.

This large and well-conducted systematic review found that vitamin E does not protect against stroke when both types of stroke are combined in the analysis. It found opposing results for each subtype of stroke, however, with a 10% decrease in the risk of ischaemic stroke, and a 22% increase in the risk of a haemorrhagic stroke.

It should be noted that both of these results were only of marginal statistical significance, which suggests the possibility that these are chance findings and that no true association exists. The decrease in risk of ischaemic stroke just reached significance (CI 0.82 to 0.99), but the 22% increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke was only of borderline significance (CI 1.00 to 1.48). In absolute figures there were 223 haemorrhagic strokes among 50,334 people on vitamin E (0.5%) and 183 haemorrhagic strokes among 50,414 people on placebo (0.4%). For ischaemic stroke there were 884 ischaemic strokes among 45,670 people on vitamin E (1.9%) and 983 among the 45,733 people on placebo (2.1%). These are small absolute differences.

Vitamin E is essential for health, but supplementing the diet with vitamin E is probably unnecessary for most people. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) advises that the daily vitamin E requirement for men is 4mg a day, and 3mg a day for women, and that you should be able to receive all of your requirement through a varied and balanced diet. The highest dietary content is in plant oils, such as olive oil, followed by meat and dairy products, although it is difficult to be precise as to the exact amount contained in any individual food item.

Regarding supplements, the FSA reports that any potential harms from taking too much vitamin E are not firmly established. They currently advise that taking no more than 540mg daily is unlikely to cause harm.

This review added important data to what is known of the potential risks and benefits of vitamin E supplementation, though it cannot tell us about the effects of multivitamins that include vitamin E. Whether supplementation advice changes as a result of this and other studies remains to be seen.

The trials included in the review had examined different doses of vitamin E and looked at different population groups with a variety of risk factors. Although the researchers conclude that these factors did not have a significant effect on the pooled analysis, it is difficult to know whether there are certain groups of people or doses or formulations of vitamin E that may contribute higher or lower risk.

At present, the best advice that could be given to anyone concerned by these findings is that it may be better not to take pure vitamin E supplements unless they have been specifically advised to do so by medical professionals.

Analysis by Bazian
Edited by NHS Website


Curtains come down for first phase campaign in Karnataka for Apr 18 polling

Agency News

Bengaluru, Apr 16: With ruling coalition partners Congress party and Janata Dal (S) waging high stakes to defeat surging BJP in Karnataka, curtains came down for the first phase of public campaign for the first phase elections in Karnataka to be held on April 18 in 14 Lok Sabha seats.

Second and final phase of polling is slated for April 23 for the remaining 14 seats. Authorities have asked various party leaders and campaigners, other than voters, to leave the constituency by evening when the campaign comes to end 5pm on Tuesday. However, house to house campaign is allowed tomorrow.

Overall, public campaigning remained smooth amid rising mercury with summer heat, but it passed off without any untoward incidents.

High pitch campaigning was witnessed in many places, especially in Mandya, while in other places it was besides in some of the constituencies including Bengaluru South, North, Central, Mandya, Hassan, Tumakuru. In Mandya where two film stars are fighting it out in this ‘Sugar bowl’. Sumalatha Ambareesh, wife of former Karnataka and union minister late M H Ambareesh is taking on Nikhil K, son of Chief Minister H D Kumaraswamy.

While Sumalatha is contesting as Independent and BJP which has not fielded its candidate is supporting her candidature, Nikhil is the candidate of Coalition partners in the State Government Congress and JDS.

Both Sumalatha and Nikhil are testing their political fortunes for the first time. While sandalwood stars including Yash, Darshan among others from the Sandalwood were vigorously campaigned for her. Nikhil is banking on the strength of his Chief minister father Kumaraswamy, his grandfather and former Prime Minister H D Devegowda, who is also JDS Supremo, CLP leader Siddaramaiah, besides some Karnataka Ministers campaigning for him.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during his campaign in Old Mysuru region, also batted for Sumalatha by appealing to vote for her considering the good works done by her husband Ambareesh. During the campaign, a number of raids by IT department and Election Officials irked political leaders and they alleged that it was done on the behest of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, BJP National President Amit Shah and BJP State President B S Yeddyurappa to defame and curb prospects of Coalition parties – Congress and Janata Dal (S) candidates.

High pitched campaign was witnessed in Tumakuru Lok Sabha constituency where disgruntles over denial of ticket to Congress sitting MP Mudduhanume Gowda came on the fore as he initially showed his dissatisfaction by filing nomination. However, later he withdrew it bowing to pursation by the senior party leaders.

In Hassan, the traditional seat of former Prime Minister H D Devegowda, the veteran politician has decided to vacate for his another grandson Prajwal, son of PWD Minister H D Revanna. Hectic campaign was witnessed in this segment with BJP Candidate A Manju, who quit his parent party Congress in protest against Devegowda promoting his family and denying him the ticket, posing a major threat.

Campaign in Chamarajanagara where former Union and State Minister V Srinivasa Prasad seeking re-entry into Lok Sabha and he is fighting against sitting member Druvanarayana (Congress), who is joint candidate of Coalition partners is also being watched keenly by the state electorate.

Overall the campaigners were made to sweat it out in their attempt to woo the voters in their candidates favour as they had compete with mercury which was at its peak and had even touched about 40 degree Celsius in several constituencies where first phase polling was scheduled.

In the first phase the polling will be held in Udupi-Chikamagaluru, Hassan, Dakshina Kannada, Chitradurga (SC), Tumakuru, Mandya, Mysore, Chamarajanagara (SC), Bengaluru Rural, Bengaluru North, Bengaluru Central, Bengaluru South, Chikkaballapur and Kolar (SC).

In all there are 241 candidates left in the fray with Bengaluru North having highest number of 31 candidates, while there are only six candidates are in Hassan Lok Sabha seat. (UNI)


April 23, 2019

Computer MemoryAll content material on this web page, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. It does not retain its contents without having a continual supply of power, ie when a pc is turned off, every little thing stored in its RAM is lost. Soon after you check the requirements of your motherboard and processor, our handy memory form filters can support you quickly obtain the variety of memory and capacity of RAM you require. If the operating system detects that a plan has tried to alter memory that does not belong to it, the system is terminated.

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When someone asks how substantially memory is in your pc, it is often in between 1 GB and 16GB of Random Access Memory (RAM) and many hundred gigabytes of challenging disk drive storage. A segmentation fault benefits when a system tries to access memory that it does not have permission to access. The operating method then decides what physical place to location the memory in.


Facilitation Workshop

Facilitation Workshop

This workshop was designed for AT&T quality consultants to enhance their skills/knowledge around working with and coaching groups to grow and develop into high-performing quality improvement teams. These teams were responsible for identifying and acting on opportunities to increase customer satisfaction.

This highly experiential workshop (based on the philosophy that adults learn best by doing) provided a forum for consultants to discover and practice methods for assisting a group to achieve its goal(s). Specifically, this workshop addresses the following key topics:

  • Distinguishing between a group and a team. A high-performing team must reflect the 4 key characteristics of mutual goal, interdependence, commitment and accountability. Consultants explore these 4 characteristics in terms of how to help a group build them into their environment as they help them move from a group to a team.
  • Understanding the stages of group development. Using the Tuckman Model, participants of the workshop develop a strong understanding of the stages a group moves through in its journey toward becoming a team: forming, storming, norming and performing.
  • Team leader/member roles and responsibilities. As a group moves through the stages of development, the roles and responsibilities of the team leader and team members will shift. This is what often makes it difficult for a group to grow! Consultants learn how to identify where a group is at relative to the stages, and then coach the leader and members to effectively move through that stage into the next
  • Effective team behaviors. In order to be effective, team members must recognize the impact of their behaviors on the overall progress/success of the team. Consultants learn a number of techniques to use with groups to help them assess the effectiveness of their behaviors, and buy in to changing behaviors when necessary.
  • Group dynamics techniques. Facilitators in this workshop learn techniques to help a team establish a set of norms or groundrules, identify and work through conflict, make good decisions, and communicate effectively with one another.

Workshop Design:
This workshop uses a discovery method, combining a set of "mini-lectures" on key team building concepts with immediate practice opportunities. The practice opportunities are in the form of five "experiences" which require participants to accomplish a task during a specified amount of time. One or more participant acts as the facilitator for the group, and must effectively coach that group to a successful end. Each participant receives peer and instructor feedback for improving his or her facilitation skills. Finally, each participant creates a plan for his/her further development as a team facilitator.

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Weak Relativity

Franco Selleri
Year: 2009
At the end of the XIX century Poincar? had the idea that one way velocities are not measurable. To measure them one needs synchronized clocks, but to synchronize clocks one needs to know the one way velocity of some signal. It seems a perfect logical loop, impossible to overcome. Einstein essentially adopted the idea when he defined the velocity of light as constant to formulate the TSR.

In 1927 the German philosopher of science Hans Reichenbach, discussed this definition concluding that even if essential for the TSR, it was “not epistemologically necessary.“

Half a century later, in the years 1977-1984, Max Jammer produced a very stimulating reconstruction of the debates about the notion of distant simultaneity. He stressed that one cannot know the simultaneity of distant events at all since simultaneity is arbitrary; and therefore we can lay down whatever definition we wish concerning it, without giving rise to any error. At this point several people must have felt that the Reichenbach-Jammer conjecture was too self-assured for a statement almost completely lacking empirical support. Researches trying to confirm/invalidate the conjecture actually started in several places.

If the coefficient of the space variable x in the Lorentz, or other, transformation of time (we call it e1) had a conventional nature it should be possible to modify it without touching the empirical predictions of the theory. Given that Einstein’s principle of relativity leads necessarily to the Lorentz transformations, and thus also to a fixed value of e1 , such a modification would imply a reformulation of the relativistic idea itself. With respect to the idealized initial picture, the concrete development of research has produced some exciting novelties. Several phenomena, in particular those taking place on accelerating systems (Sagnac effect, and all that) converge in a strong indication of the value = e1. This implies absolute simultaneity and a new type of space and time transformations, which we call \"inertial\". The cosmological consequences of the new structure of space and time go against the big bang model. After these results relativism, although weakened, is not dead, but survives in milder forms.


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may apply. For starters, unlike argumentative essays, expository paper never follows a debatable tone nor does it assess the conflicting sides of the subject matter. Answer Answer: definition, credibility (page 141). Description, paragraph 2 (Point 2 topic sentence, evidence. In their multiple forms, expository essays can show steps in a classify or _ a subject, or use _ to help a reader understand a subject. Description, paragraph 3 (Point 3 topic sentence, evidence. All the evidential data will be covered in the body only. _ is crucial to writing a compare and contrast essay. Description, quick Guidelines, illustrations like graphs or charts can be used public management thesis for more clarification. Definitions are often a salient part of _ essays.

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A) research b) personal reflection c) opinion d) definition, answer, answer: d alternatives to prison research papers (141). Primary Purpose, the main aim of writing an expository essay is to enlighten the readers to a particular idea, fact or situation via logical analysis as well as solid evidence. Writing which seeks to explain or inform. References should either be include as footnotes or in a separate sheet. Student Self-Grading Multiple Choice (Javascript must be enabled for this exercise.). Appropriate references or sources should be used to cover the major points of the essay. Often, the first stage of an argument requires. Answer Answer: interest, process (page 136). If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic. Answer Answer: Organization (pages 134135).

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HAXOR Abbreviation / Internet Slang / Acronym

Do you know what does HAXOR mean? Now know the meaning of HAXOR used in internet slang. We have over 10000 abbreviation used over the internet in facebook, whatsapp chatting and in sms texting.

Meaning of HAXOR ?

Meaning of HAXOR is Hacker.

HAXOR Definition

The defintion of HAXOR is Hacker. .

What does HAXOR mean?

HAXOR means Hacker.

What does HAXOR stand for?

Terms relating to HAXOR

H4X0R - Hacker HACER - Hacker HAX - Hacking, Hackers, hacks HAXOR - Hacker HAXX0R - Hacker HAXXOR - Hacker HDC - Hackers Dot Com XBH - XboxHacker.net H4KZ0R5 - hackers A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


Patent Number: 8,869,669

Title: Band saw blade having nub-like protrusions

Abstract: The saw blade according to the invention comprises a plurality of teeth spaced apart from each other by chip spaces, wherein at least some chip spaces have pimple-shaped bulges.

Inventors: Kwanka; Werner (Augsburg, DE)

International Classification: B27B 33/00 (20060101)


The Curved-Angular Dyad

1. An essential interpretative category for understanding the personality

 When we talk about the curved movement and its opposite, the angular movement, we are dealing with a principle of interpretation on which agreement is unanimous. On an analogical level it is the association that is most taken for granted, as confirmed by many authors, graphologists and scholars of children’s drawing or spontaneous scribbling: the curvilinear stroke is a sign of adaptability and sociability; while the angular stroke is an indication of tension and aggressiveness.

Fig. 1 – Curved writing

Fig. 2 – Angular writing

The deduction is based on a general premise to the effect that the curvilinear movement is such precisely because the Self prefers to go round what it perceives as external to itself, whether this is an object of love or even an obstacle, thus maintaining a soft approach, which at the same time – due to fear – avoids too direct a contact. While the angular movement deals with life, and therefore also obstacles, using a more focused movement, concentrating on more specific aspects which it expects to be heard. And this is why the angular movement, if particularly intense and frequent, creates an automatic reaction that triggers confrontation, because the personality seeks direct contact, which can also be stinging, and does not allow others to escape or slip away until they have responded to its requests.

This play of opposites between the curved movement, seen as an indication of the tendency towards adjustment, and the angular movement, seen as the drive to brusquely break – also in a metaphorical sense – the established patterns, is the starting point for subsequent extensions of meaning.

Many graphologists have grasped the fact that both Curved and Angular, as described, represent unilateral tendencies, therefore if one of them becomes dominant in the psyche to the point that it overwhelms the opposite movement, it creates easily predictable imbalances in the personality. For example, an excess of curved movement, according to Ania Teillard, «can also reveal a particularly weak and spineless person» (1); Robert Saudek positions himself on the same line of interpretation, and he associated rounded forms with the ability to adjust, but if curved is combined with slowness of execution it becomes «a sign of laziness, indolence, acquiescence, that set of qualities usually described with the term sloppiness». (2) This is because if the adjustment is based on the ability to place oneself within a larger social context, without creating even the smallest disturbance or breaking action, will undoubtedly favour the ability to relate, within a static model, as there are no transformation movements except for those due to the spontaneous and contemporary evolution of all the parts of that system. Therefore an excess of curved movement indicates that the personality has stabilised on a movement that only includes the adaptive component, since every act of self-expression is seen as an action that breaks the established order and as a «selfish» act because it breaks the balance built on taking everyone into account.

If the handwriting shows a clear predominance of angular movement we face the opposite danger: the personality is unable to relate sensitively to the boundaries of others, but attempts to penetrate these boundaries in a direct and focused way. The interaction movement is not therefore directed towards preserving the existing balance, but instead it becomes an indication of a personality that is not afraid to attack those external elements it is interested in or sees as obstacles to its vital expression. For this reason, the Angle belongs to those «people who do not seek decisive compromises, but prefer confrontation with difficulties». (3) It is clear, however, that if the Angle becomes the only movement available to the Self it indicates «a person who, driven solely by the impulse to exaggerate every conflict, refuses any form of compromise» (4), «even if it transmits a sense of strength and zest for action» (5), as well as the ability to mobilise all «the willpower and discipline» (6) necessary to achieve the goals it set itself.

Fitting within this interpretative framework is Moretti, who, while not knowing the two authors mentioned above (and translated into Italian quite recently), attributes a similar meaning to the two basic drives given by the curved and angular movement: the former is considered an indicator of adjustment which, if excessive, inevitably results in a real surrender; while the latter represents the defence implemented by the Self which, through the angles, becomes able to draw upon assault and resistance so as not to back down from its point of view. A greater variety of interpretation is introduced, with regard to these two basic tendencies of the psyche, which allows Curved and Angular to be used even for handwriting which is not excessively biased one way or the other.

Firstly, Moretti extends the meaning of these two movements by attributing them the ability to signal whether the personality is more oriented towards altruism or selfishness, understood in the psychological rather than moral sense. From this point of view the origin of the curved movement, which determines the drive towards altruism, is linked to the inability to create clear boundaries between the self and others, so that the personality adheres to the demands of others as if they were its own. This is an instinctive disposition of sentiment which goes beyond reasoning, and is therefore implemented automatically. In contrast, the angular movement stems the tendency of sentiment to adhere entirely to the point of view of others because it employs snags (angles), that is to say more or less frequent and intense stopping points which prevent the Self from surrendering immediately. In this sense it is an indicator of egoism since it provides greater protection to the needs of the individual.

This particular interpretation of the curved and angular movement leads directly to the second innovation introduced by Moretti, the fact that his psychological vision does not envisage a game of mutually exclusive opposites, but rather unites them, in the sense that he takes into account the fact that each human being should be able to manage both movements. Just as physical life is based on the contraction and relaxation movement of the heart, in the same way the Self learns to alternate between these two phases on the psychic level. On the one hand, it develops the ability to implement a rather complex series of opening movements, which start from sentiment but also represent a prerequisite for the mind: we continually nourish ourselves with what we learn through our ability to adapt to the world’s changing conditions; while we consider the rigidification of a personality which has lost the elasticity necessary to do this as an unmistakable sign of aging or unease. On the other hand, it is also absolutely necessary to know how to close, in the sense that the Self must allow the data acquired to settle so that it transforms into integrated cognitive and emotive structures that have the stamp of individuality. This closure phase, which comes under the Morettian concept of egoism, is as important as the opening phase, or else we have depersonalisation or the loss of contact with one’s inner uniqueness.

This is an extremely original and organised system, since in this research perspective each personality must be considered in its specific opening or closure movement, and it is characterised by the particular space it devotes within itself to one tendency and the other. Furthermore, the correct interpretation of the curved and angular movement linked to each specific graphic individuality also includes the ability to grasp the supporting or opposition movement brought by all the other signs to expand or contract sentiment. In the Morettian system there are other graphological signs that indicate the opening of sentiment and others that signify we are dealing with a closure movement which differs from the angle in the strict sense. Therefore, measuring the tendency towards selflessness or selfishness requires verification based on the quantification of the two signs – Curved and Angular – integrated with an evaluation of the dynamic game played by other important emotional and intellectual drives, as we shall see later.

In addition to these extensions of meaning of the curved-angular dyad, the Morettian theoretical system differs because it is based on a more detailed interpretation of the angular movement, as it is capable of measuring the intensity of the two components that characterise it: the level of reactivity that characterises the personality, directly connected to aggressiveness, deduced by the A Angles sign; and the tenacity it possesses, in other words its resilience in the face of obstacles, deduced by the B Angles sign.

This chapter also introduces the subtle egoistic movement based on the capacity to manipulate others for the personality’s own benefit, which corresponds to the C Angles sign.

This page has the following sub pages.


OSIRIS-REx Spies on the Weird, Wild Gravity of an Asteroid

March 20, 2019

The new findings are part of a suite of papers published today by the team behind NASA’s Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission.

That spacecraft first encountered Bennu on Dec. 3, 2018. Since then, scientists have learned a lot about the mysterious rock, said CU Boulder’s Daniel Scheeres, who leads the mission’s radio science team.

But Scheeres and his colleagues are also working to develop a map of the asteroid’s gravitational pull. Their findings suggest that Bennu exists in a delicate balance between two competing forces, the result of the asteroid’s wild spin. Bennu completes a full revolution about once every four hours.

“When you spin this guy up, you create a competition between the gravity that’s holding you down and the centrifugal acceleration, which is trying to throw you off,” said Scheeres, distinguished professor in the Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences who leads the mission’s radio science team.

He added that mission scientists need to understand the asteroid's gravity in preparation for 2020 when they will nudge the spacecraft to within just a few feet of Bennu to collect a sample of material from the surface.

To study those forces, Scheeres and his colleagues use OSIRIS-REx’s navigational instruments to measure the minute tug that the asteroid exerts on the spacecraft.

And they dug up more than they expected. Based on the group’s calculations, the region around Bennu’s equator is trapped within a gravitational feature called a rotational Roche lobe—something that scientists had not yet clearly observed on an asteroid.

In practice, that feature gets weird. If you were standing inside the boundaries of Bennu’s Roche lobe and slipped on a banana peel, for example, not much would happen—you’d be captured by the lobe and fall back to the surface.

“But if you were outside of the Roche lobe and slipped on a banana peel, you would roll toward the equator,” Scheeres said. “And you could gain enough energy so that you’d roll off the equator and maybe up into orbit and then out into space.”

That’s because radiation from the sun is causing Bennu to spin faster and faster over time. And as the asteroid’s whirling builds up speed, its Roche lobe might also be shrinking, along with the forces that are holding Bennu together.

“As that Roche lobe narrows further and further around the equator, it becomes easier and easier for this asteroid to lose material,” Scheeres said. “So far, that material has been trapped by gravity, but at some point, if the asteroid keeps spinning faster, then you fall off the cliff.”

The University of Arizona leads science operations for OSIRIS-REx, which was built by the Colorado-based Lockheed Martin Space. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland manages the overall mission.

Coauthors on the new study include CU Boulder graduate students Andrew French and Daniel Brack and Paul Sánchez, senior research associate at CU Boulder’s Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research.


Basic Question about Interpreting Merged Data

When analyzing more than one month of CPS data, how do I determine the total population count? I undersatnd how to apply weights to find the population count for one month of data, but I’m having difficulty with the concept of merged data. For example, I understand that I could look at the number of employed workers in January 2014 by applying earnwt to empstat. When I look at full 2014 data and do the same thing, I see that the count is roughly 12 times as large. To arrive at an average, can I simply divide this yearly count by 12? I suspect this is too simplistic so would appreciate your help!

Thanks very much.

Simply dividing by twelve would work to provide an “average” figure over all of 2014. Since each month is weighted to the total population of the U.S. (which presumably does not change greatly from month to month) applying the weight to all respondents across all months is the same as estimating each months figure and then adding them together. Therefore, dividing by twelve yields the average over that twelve-month period.

When combining multiple monthly samples from the CPS it is important to consider the panel-like nature of the survey. Since CPS respondents are a part of the sample for a total of eight months (see MISH description), combining multiple monthly samples will inevitably include multiple measures of the same subset of people. This could potentially introduce bias into estimates based on a pooled sample of 12 months meant to represent the total population over that time period. However, averaging the monthly estimates as you propose still maintains the idea that the samples are representative within their own months.