Minggu, 22 Januari 2012

Creatures Mythology in Hindu belief

Barong is a character in Balinese mythology. He is the king of the spirits and symbolizes goodness. He is an enemy of Rangda in the Balinese mythology. Banas Pati Rajah is the spirit that accompany a child in his life. Banas Pati Rajah is believed to be the spirit that drives the Barong. As a protective spirit, Barong is often shown as a lion. Traditional dances in Bali which describes the battle between the Barong and Rangda are very famous and often shown as a tourist attraction. Barong lion is one of five forms of Barong.
Jatayu is the protagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana, the son of Aruna and nephew of the Garuda. He is the brother Sempati. He is a bird who sees how the Goddess Sita was abducted by Ravana. He tried to fight but lost the fight and eventually die. But when it was not dead and still dying still be reported to the Sri Rama that kidnapped his wife Sita Dewi.
In Hindu mythology, Airawata is the name of a white elephant, the god Indra rides.Airawata is the son of Irawati, one of the daughters of Daksha. In Hindu mythology, often portrayed that Airawata ridden by Indra who carried weapons Bajra, while eradicate the evil creatures. According to Hindu mythology, Airawata is one of the elephant keepers of the universe. He is regarded as the leader of the elephants.
Asuras in Hindu religion is the nation Daitya, sometimes equated with a rakshasa or evil creatures. They have a negative nature, which is hostile to the gods. Nevertheless, some Asuras are Gods.
In Sanskrit, the word Detya literally means "descendants of Diti." In Hindu mythology, is a kind of evil beings Detya giant countrymen, descendants of Diti and Kasyapa Bhagawan.The Detya often clashed with Aditya, or the gods, though they are his half-brother. Detya famous is Hiranyaksa, Hiranyakashipu, and Mahabali. Sometimes, they are also called Asuras.
Kinnaras is a heavenly creature half-bird half-human tangible. They are good at playing musical instruments, like the Vina or lute. Kinnaras woman called Kinnaris. Kinnaris intangible beautiful woman from head to waist, but the body shape goose down. They are good at poetry, playing musical instruments, and dancing.
Makara in Hindu mythology, is a tangible creature elephant-headed fish, as is often depicted and inscribed in the temples in Indonesia, especially in Bali and Java. The Balinese call it gajahmina, which literally means "elephant fish". Sometimes described as being intangible Makara goat and half fish half as Kaprikornus symbol in the zodiac.
Karura is a large creature that has breath hot and is part of the Hindu-Buddhist Japanese mythology. This creature has a human body and the head of an eagle. These creatures are brought to Japan with the spread of Buddhism. Karura name is also a Japanese pelafazan from the Sanskrit word garuda. But it seems the Japanese form is taken from the Pali language garula.
Buto Ijo
Buto Ijo genie is a creature like the green and a big man with sharp fangs. He loved to kidnap children and toddlers to become casualties of a toy or a slave that must be massaged her Buto Ijo, or later be eaten after bored kids toys. supposedly to ward off the coming of Buto Ijo use made of yellow bamboo sperti necklace.
Antaboga is a giant serpent in the mythology of Bali. He was told at the beginning of mythology, the creation of the world. At one point Antaboga meditate and then became a turtle named Bedawang. In Javanese wayang, Antaboga is a king snake living on the earth who care for Wisanggeni. Its realization is a dragon with a crown put on badhong haired and wearing clothes and wearing a gold necklace.
Basuki is a giant serpent in the mythology of Bali. This snake lives in the underworld, and is the pet gods and goddesses Setesuyara Batara Kala. Batara Gura is a character in Balinese mythology. He was a sea god who fill in with soil to create the islands and mainland. With his efforts, he actually makes the Dragon Padoha angry. This is a giant snake who prefer water. Finally there arose a war between the two, which was won by Batara Gura.
Batara Kala
In the Hindu religion, Kala is the son of Lord Shiva who holds power as god of time. Dewa Kala often symbolized as a rakshasa who faced creepy, almost like a god. In Hindu philosophy, Kala is a symbol that anyone can not be against the law of karma. When it was time someone leaves the mortal world, then at the same time Kala will come get him.
Bedawang or Bedawang Nala is a giant turtle in Balinese mythology who brought the whole world on his back. In the creation mythology of the world, it represents a change from Antaboga. He along with two dragons support the human world. If he moves, it will be there earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on earth.
Calon Arang
Charcoal is told that the candidate is a widow, the ruler of black magic that often destroy the crops of farmers and cause illness. He has a daughter named Ratna Manggali, which, though beautiful, can not get a husband because people are scared of his mother.Because of the difficulties faced by his daughter, Candidate Charcoal angry and he intends to take revenge by kidnapping a young girl. The girl he brought to a temple to be sacrificed to Goddess Durga. The next day, heavy floods hit the village and many people died. Disease appeared.
Kala Rau
Kala Rau is a demon in Balinese mythology. Satan is only formed from a head without a body. At one point he wanted to drink water from Tirta Amertha, although in fact this water is only for deities. Ruth goddess who knows it notified the god Vishnu, who then threw the disks and behead the demon. But at that time also the head of it up in the neck has touched Tirta Amertha, so it can live forever. The head was then about to take revenge on the goddess Ruth and pursue it in heaven. Sometimes Ruth was caught and goddesses according to this myth there was a lunar eclipse.
Setesuyara is a goddess in the mythology of Bali. He is said to live underground and take over the world along with Batara Kala.
Dewi Sri
Dewi Dewi Sri or Shri (Java language), Nyai Pohaci Sanghyang Asri (Sundanese), was the goddess of agriculture, the goddess of rice and paddy fields, as well as the goddess of fertility on the island of Java and Bali. Breeding and veneration to it going on since the pre-Hindu and pre-Islam in Java.
In Hindu mythology, Takshaka is one of the dragon, the son of Goddess Kadru and Kashyapa. He lived in Nagaloka with his brothers the other, the Basuki, Antaboga, and others. In the Mahabharata, the Dragon is the dragon that killed Takshaka King Parikshit.Takshaka dragon also appears in the mythology of Bali, should the influence of Hindu mythology from India. Balinese mythology, Takshaka is a snake that lives in Khayangan.Hindus trust

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Topic: Anion gap

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In the News (Sat 15 Jun 19)

  Anion gap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Anion gap = ([Na ]) - ([Cl ]) (we can also say : Anion gap= ([Na ]) - ([Cl ]) and its normal value ranges between 8 and 16 mEq/L plasma)
A low anion gap is relatively rare but may occur from the presence of abnormal positively charged proteins, as in multiple myeloma
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anion_gap   (159 words)

 MedFriendly.com: Anion gap   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
Anion gap (pronounced an-eye-on gap) is a measurement of the anions in the arterial blood (besides chloride and bicarbonate anions).
The anion gap measurement is taken from the blood serum or blood plasma.
The main anions in the blood (besides chloride and bicarbonate) are phosphate (a type of salt), organic acids (types of acids), sulfate (usually a combination of a metal with a type of acid called sulfuric acid), and proteins in the blood plasma.
www.medfriendly.com /aniongap.html   (1364 words)

The anion gap (the serum sodium concentration minus the sum of the serum chloride and bicarbonate concentrations) is useful in estimating the concentration of other anions not usually measured—notably, ketones such as beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate.
Since all of the components of the anion gap calculation are concentrated or diluted to the same extent, the anion gap is minimally altered—too little to interfere with proper interpretation of the acid-base status.
The accompanying anion (in this case beta-hydroxybutyrate) is retained in the plasma and is an "unmeasured" anion.
www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /ccjm/august2001/beck.htm   (968 words)

 s000328a - Ethylene Glycol - Osmolal Gap
The diagnosis is dependent: upon high anion-gap metabolic acidosis, and an osmolal gap between the calculated and the measured osmolality.: Normal anion gap has been reported in some cases of concomitant methanol and ethanol ingestion, where the high: serum levels of ethanol inhibited the metabolism of methanol by alcohol dehydrogenase.
An osmolal gap above 25 mosm/kg, in a patient with an increased anion gap acidosis, is a strong: indicator of methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication.
Increased osmolal gap was present on admission in all patients, whereas: increased anion gap was present in all except one.
www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch99/s000328a.html   (2247 words)

 Postgraduate Medicine: A stepwise approach to acid-base disorders
The anion gap should be calculated in all cases of suspected acid-base disorder because it may identify metabolic acidosis even when pH is normal or alkalemic.
However, the anion gap does have limitations, and the distinction between high-anion-gap and non-anion gap metabolic acidosis is not always clear (4).
www.postgradmed.com /issues/2000/03_00/fall.htm   (3123 words)

 blood gases, anion gap, delta gap, bicarbonate gap, serum electrolytes, arterial blood gases, pulmonary physiology, ...
All excess anions in the blood are buffered by bicarbonate, and this is why an elevated AG usually indicates a state of metabolic acidosis (Emmett 1977; Gabow 1980; Narins 1980; Gabow 1985; Oster 1988).
Yes: his anion gap is 165 - (32 + 112) = 21 mEq/L. Despite the fact that CO is elevated (reflecting a metabolic alkalosis from dehydration), there is also a slight metabolic acidosis; the acidosis is from lactic acidosis, a result of the hypotension and poor organ perfusion.
It is called bicarbonate gap because the bicarbonate moiety is what is buffered by organic anions; however, the serum CO is used in the calculation because that is what the chemistry lab measures and what the anion gap is based on (as discussed earlier).
www.lakesidepress.com /pulmonary/ABG/bicarbgap.98.htm   (2483 words)

 THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 59, Disorders of Acid-Base Metabolism
The serum anion gap, which may help identify the cause of metabolic acidosis (see Table 59-1), is determined as follows: Serum sodium - (serum chloride + total CO The urine anion gap is calculated as follows: (urine sodium + urine potassium) - urine chloride <= 0.
A non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA) is due to a failure of bicarbonate homeostasis and is characterized by a compensatory retention of the other main body anions, which results in hyperchloremia.
Acidosis with an increased anion gap (such as occurs with lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, salicylate toxicity, toxic alcohol ingestion, and renal failure) is more common.
www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec8/ch59/ch59b.jsp   (471 words)

 Anion gap definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
Anion gap: A measurement of the interval between the sum of "routinely measured" cations minus the sum of the "routinely measured" anions in the blood.
The anion gap = (Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-) where Na- is sodium, K+ is potassium, Cl- is chloride, and HCO3- is bicarbonate.
A high anion gap indicated metabolic acidosis, the increased acidity of the blood due to metabolic processes.
www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20154   (223 words)

 CHEST: Anion gap in turpentine-induced pleural effusions: correlation with pH and protein level   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
The anion gap is also convenient and inexpensive to measure, and less subject to artifact than the pH measurement.
We found the anion gap correlated with pH, the glucose, protein, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, pleural-fluid/plasma protein and lactate dehydrogenase ratios, and WBC count (all p<0.001).
These results suggest the anion gap may be useful in the clinical evaluation of pleural effusions and could potentially replace the pH measurement.
www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n2_v109/ai_18022396   (328 words)

 Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Anion gap metabolic acidosis, non–anion gap metabolic acidosis, and respiratory acidosis
In the setting of an anion gap metabolic acidosis, the next step should be calculation of the excess anion gap (the difference between the patient’s calculated anion gap and the normal anion gap), which assists in identifying an underlying non–anion gap metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis.
The urine anion gap is useful for determining the cause of a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.
www.mayoclinicproceedings.com /inside.asp?AID=361&UID=   (2345 words)

 NEJM -- The use of the urinary anion gap in the diagnosis of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
We evaluated the use of the urinary anion gap (sodium plus potassium minus chloride) in assessing hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in 38 patients with altered distal urinary acidification and in 8 patients with diarrhea.
In contrast, the anion gap was positive in all patients with altered urinary acidification, who were classified as having classic renal tubular acidosis (23 +/- 4.1 mmol per liter, 11 patients), hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis (30 +/- 4.2, 12 patients), or selective aldosterone deficiency (39 +/- 4.2, 15 patients).
We conclude that the use of the urinary anion gap, as a rough index of urinary ammonium, may be helpful in the initial evaluation of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/318/10/594   (431 words)

 Anion Gap
The Anion Gap is an approximate measurement of ions, that is molecules with a charge, either negative or positive.
The electrical potential between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell is basis for nearly all transactions that occur with in the cell.
The Anion Gap is decreased by free radical pathology due to overproduction of alkaloids.
www.drkaslow.com /html/anion_gap.html   (533 words)

 3.2 The Anion Gap
The term anion gap (AG) represents the concentration of all the unmeasured anions in the plasma.
The acid anions (eg lactate, acetoacetate, sulphate) produced during a metabolic acidosis are not measured as part of the usual laboratory biochemical profile.
Albumin is the major unmeasured anion and contributes almost the whole of the value of the anion gap.
www.anaesthesiamcq.com /AcidBaseBook/ab3_2.php   (581 words)

 arterial blood gases, anion gap, delta gap, bicarbonate gap, serum electrolytes, arterial blood gases, pulmonary ...
Anion gap = Na - (Cl + CO2) = 153 - (100 + 23) = 30 mEq/L. Since normal anion gap is about 12 (+ or - 4) mEq/L, an AG of 30 indicates a definite anion gap metabolic acidosis.
The 'delta gap' or 'bicarbonate gap' is the difference between the change in anion gap and the change in serum CO2.
The bicarbonate gap is the difference between the change in anion gap and the change in serum CO2.
www.lakesidepress.com /pulmonary/ABG/ABG-Quiz.htm   (3135 words)

 Ingestion of ethylene glycol or methanol may result in life-threatening metabolic acidosis, renal failure, blindness, ...
It is simply important to recognize that the osmol gap, which occurs from the parent alcohol, and the anion gap, which is generated from the accumulation of acid metabolites, peak at two extremes during the time course of poisoning.
Early after toxic alcohol poisoning, an elevated osmol gap and no acidosis are expected (Figure 2, point A); in patients arriving late after ingestion, a large anion gap acidosis and no significant osmol gap are expected (Figure 2, point B) because the parent alcohol has metabolized to the acid metabolites.
An anion gap acidosis in the presence of an elevated osmol gap is only evident during the time interval between A and B in Figure 2 after some of the parent alcohol has metabolized to toxic acids.
www.uic.edu /com/er/toxikon/Mountain2jan.htm   (454 words)

 WebHealthCentre.com - Doctor's Calculators
The serum anion gap is the difference between the concentrations of the major cation, sodium and the major anions(Cl + HCO
The anion gap measurement is likely to be most useful in emergency department in cases with ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis or renal failure.
In practice, an increased anion gap is usually due to an accumulation of unmeasured anions.
www.webhealthcentre.com /calculators/doc_gap.asp   (217 words)

 eMedicine - Acidosis, Metabolic : Article by Margaret A Priestley, MD   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
The anion gap indicates the presence or absence of increased levels of unmeasured anions; it is the parameter most frequently used to determine whether metabolic acidosis is the result of accumulation of hydrogen ions or loss of bicarbonate.
Elevated anion gap is due either to overproduction of organic acids or to the kidneys' failure to maintain bicarbonate levels.
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis is caused by loss of bicarbonate, addition of hydrochloric acid, or renal tubular dysfunction.
www.emedicine.com /PED/topic15.htm   (2853 words)

 Acid Base Disorders in Critical Care MEDSTUDENTS-INTENSIVE CARE
A normal anion gao acidosis occurs when Cl replaces the HCO3 lost in buffering H. An increased anion gap acidosis occurs when the anion replacing the HCO3 is not one that is routinely measured (albumin, phosphate, sulfates, lactate, ).
Anions always equal cations, but if the anion is not Cl then the anion gap calculated from routine chemistries will increase.
Normal anion gap acidosis occures from loss of HCO3 through the kidneys or the gut, or from the addition of an acid with Cl as the accompaining anion.
www.medstudents.com.br /terin/terin5.htm   (2297 words)

 Mind-Sharpeners Directed Learning Modules
However, several anions are not measured routinely, leading to the anion gap.
The anion gap is thus an artifact of measurement, and not a physiologic reality.
Thus there is both an anion gap metabolic acidosis (from dehydration and poor perfusion) and a metabolic alkalosis (from vomiting and loss of stomach acid).
www.erworld.com /mindsharp/mindIII_2.htm   (1375 words)

In certain types of metabolic acidosis, the unmeasured anions are increased concentration, thus resulting in an increased in the anion gap.
The osmolar gap is a measure of molecules in plasma that are osmotically active, but are not measured by standard blood chemistry panels.
If there is profound metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap and osmolar gap, and the clinical suspicion exists, a methanol blood level should be determined by the lab.
www.mountain-research.org /teaching/acidbase.htm   (3619 words)

As a result a reduction of albumin can reduce the baseline anion gap so that a hypoalbuminaemic patient may not have a high anion gap even in the presence of a disorder which usually produces an increased anion gap.
Anion gap is reduced by approx 2.5 mEq/L for every 10g/L fall in albumin.
Increase in unmeasured anions in metabolic alkalosis is due principally to increased albumin anions.
www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk /web8/acid_base.htm   (1407 words)

 Mixed acid-base   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
In an uncomplicated high anion gap acidosis, the change in AG is equivalent to the change in bicarbonate.
If the decrease in bicarbonate is less than the increase in anion gap, this indicates that there is a mixed disturbance, with something preventing the bicarbonate from being as low as it should be.
In an uncomplicated normal anion gap acidosis or a metabolic alkalosis, the change in chloride is equivalent to the change in bicarbonate.
www.diaglab.vet.cornell.edu /clinpath/modules/chem/mixedab.htm   (684 words)

 Anion Gap   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
The normal anion gap is 6-22 mEq/L (some omit K+ from the calculation, in which case normal is 2-18 mEq/L).
Example: normal anion gap = (150 + 4) - (115 + 20) = 19.
Increased unmeasured anions (lactate, ketoacids, phosphate, sulfate, hyperalbuminemia, salicylates, uremia)
cvm.msu.edu /courses/vm545/fluid/agap.htm   (94 words)

 anion gap - General Practice Notebook
The anion gap is a method of assessing the contribution of unmeasured anions to acidosis.
The normal range for the anion gap is 8 to 16 mmol/l.
The anion gap provides a measure of the difference between unestimated anions - phosphate, acetate and ketones - and cations.
www.gpnotebook.co.uk /simplepage.cfm?ID=403046401   (859 words)

 Correction of the anion gap for albumin in order to detect occult tissue anions in shock -- Hatherill et al. 87 (6): ...
anion gap (CAG) to detect the presence of occult tissue anions.
Decreased anion gap associated with hypoalbuminemia and polyclonal gammopathy.
Unmeasured anions identified by the Fencl-Stewart method predict mortality better than base excess, anion gap, and lactate in patients in the pediatric intensive care unit.
adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/87/6/526   (2855 words)

 Chapter 26. Clinical disorders of acid-base metabolism adn metabolic acidosis
The anion gap is the calculated difference between the measured cations (Na+ and K+) and the measured anions (HCO3- and Cl-).
An increased anion gap metabolic acidosis, indicates the accumulation of unmeasured anions and, therefore, the accumulation of an acid species, such as ketoacids or lactic acid.
This is balanced by accumulation of chloride to maintain electroneutrality and as both bicarbonate and chloride are measured, the anion gap is not altered.
www.learndoctor.com /chapterpages/chapter26.htm   (176 words)

 A New Range for the Anion Gap -- Sadjadi 123 (10): 807 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
The anion gap, the difference between routinely measured anions
typical anion gap range as a reference value.
Low sensitivity of the anion gap as a screen to detect hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients.
www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/123/10/807   (594 words)

 American Family Physician: Metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap
Metabolic Acidosis with an Elevated Anion Gap Determining the cause of metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap may present a diagnostic challenge.
The history and physical examination may not suggest a cause of the acidosis, or important information may be unavailable, as in the case of an unconscious patient or a nonverbal child.
Since many of the causes of metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap are lethal if not properly treated, an awareness of the differential diagnosis and an organized approach to rapid diagnosis are essential.
www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n4_v39/ai_7609829   (445 words)

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About PDF Group Pty Ltd

PDF GROUP PTY LTD ENTERS THE HONG KONG HORSE RACING MARKET PDF Group Pty Ltd is pleased to announce its progression into the Hong Kong Horse Racing Market. Due to the overwhelming success of its clients in the Australian Horse Racing Industry, the company is pleased to announce that it will soon be expanding its markets to include the Hong Kong, Happy Valley and Sha Tin. This will be closely followed by UK Racing events. There are several benefits of horse racing, not just to the spectators, but also the racers. There is so much excitement, participation, expectation and entertainment that results from horse racing. Both the company and the racers receive prize money. The amount is usually in millions and billions of dollars and depending on the specific race, the first 3 to 6 racers usually receive prize money. During the big day, horse racers receive a range of benefits and privileges, such as entry badges to allow them to enter the racecourse

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Charles Fekete has passed away

It is with deep regret to announce that Charles (Chuck) Fekete, longtime NBC/WRC cameraman and NABET-CWA Local 31 member, passed away on March 9, 2019 at his home in Florida. He had a long and distinguished career shooting news and documentaries at NBC/WRC. He was highly regarded and well respected among his colleagues and friends.

Chuck leaves behind his wife of 35 years, Bobbi and three sons. Chuck was 85 years old.


The JD Salinger of SLS

Editor's Note: Due to wibbly wobbly timey wimey stuff, I now give you Soren's interview with Joseph, Hoboken's Heroes' composer/animator/prankster extraordinaire.

So, Joseph, as someone who can use minute pressure variations in the air to cause people to feel, joy, despair, I think the first thing we’d all like to know is: are you a wizard?

I am not a wizard unfortunately. Merely an expert at meticulous, methodical, matter and (e)motional manipulation.

As is sort of tradition for these sorts of interviews, I like to ask about how you met the other members of Stage Left Studios. But as an interviewer who doesn’t care about his audience’s curiosity, is pretty sure you just met Max as a student in the drama department he worked for, please use at least 50% lies during the recounting of this tail to make it more interesting.

It was a dark and storm night when I was approached by Max to complete a task so monumental, that it boggled the mind to consider it. So for three days and twelve nights I slaved over the computer to complete the task down to the most minute detailing. After slaying the fearsome dragon that randomly appeared over Charlottesville, I completed my task of adding all of the non-dialogue audio into a scene from the Stage Left Studios production of Hamlet. It was then that Stage Left Studios was deemed worth to enter my schedule.

How did you get into music?  What was your first instrument?

Presumably my first instrument was banging pots and pans together, but more accurately it was the piano. I got into music because I liked the way it sounded. And the fact that I could annoy people much easier if I just played the same thing over and over and over and over and over and over and over and over and over and over.... again.

Let’s mix things up with a philosophic hypothetical: let’s say you have two sons, one strong, the other weak.  You have enough money to send one of them to be educated.  But you know that on the way to this school they will encounter a glass enclosure filled with horses.  And as such, you’d agree the girlfriend of one of these sons following us on tumblr wouldn’t really constitute having a “community.”

To quote Max Krembs, "ocelots". And to respond to your non-existent question, I would direct you to perhaps communicate with your community better.

Speaking of hypotheticals, suppose I could retroactively edit the answer of any previous staff member’s interview for the low price of 79 cents, which would you like to edit?

I would edit Soren's to include the phrases "I love horses more than anything else" and "A community of one is still a community and I owe them all that I can do."

How do you plan to leverage your job as composer / head animator for Stage Left Studios to assist in your long term goal of becoming the first person actively employed by Wendy’s, to win a Nobel prize.

I didn't know I was head animator. I don't get paid enough for this.


Graph of Cubic Functions/Cubic Equations for zeros and roots (13,-10,4)

Let us consider the cubic function f(x) = (x- 13)(x+10)(x- 4) = x3 -7x2 -118x + 520.

Cubic Polynomials and Equations

A cubic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 3.
where a is nonzero.

Cubic Polynomial Curve Plot on Graph

(-11,-360), (-8,504), (-5,810), (-2,720), (1,396), (4,0), (7,-306), (10,-360), (13,0), (16,936)

Characteristics of the Graph Plot, Curve Sketching of Cubic Curves

And the derivative for this is f'(x) = 3x2 -14x + 1

The roots of this cubic equation are at:
This cubic equation has real and unique roots at 13, -10, 4.

The turning or stationary points is where f'(x) = 0 => 3x2 -14x + 1 = 0 => x = -4.36, x = 9.02
Coming to other geometrical features of this curve: The y-intercept of this curve is at y=520.
And the second derivative of this curve becomes zero at x = 2.33. At this point the curve changes concavity. A cubic curve has point symmetry around the point of inflection or inflexion.

Check the plot of another cubic curve here with roots at 16, -10, 4

Here's another cubic curve here with roots at 13, 0, 4

Here's another cubic curve here with roots at 13, -10, 10

Prashant Bhattacharji,
Mar 11, 2017, 6:11 AM


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Independence Square

Independence Square Tashkent is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, as evidenced by the architecture, built in different eras. In this article we will talk about one of the sights of Tashkent - about the Mustakillik Maydoni Square.

The history of the creation of the square dates back to the mid-19th century, it was then, in 1865, that construction began. The place of construction was the place where at that time the palace of the Turkestan governor-general called the White House was located and the Anchor channel flows.

The area throughout history was often renamed, at the very beginning because of the construction of the Cathedral of the “Transfiguration of the Savior”, the name “Cathedral Square” stuck to it. After the liquidation of the cathedral, the central square of Tashkent was renamed “Red Square” - it happened in the 30s of the last century, after that, it was once again renamed “Square named after VI. Lenin ". In 1966, a powerful earthquake occurred, after which the area was reconstructed. The name “Mustakillik Maidoni” was given to the square after Uzbekistan gained independence in 1991.

In the very center of the Mustakillik Maydoni you can see 16 columns made of white marble 150 meters long. Together, they represent an incredible ensemble called "Ezgulik" (translated into Russian sounds like an "arch of good and noble aspirations"). At the top of the architectural structure are storks that personify peace and tranquility. In addition, on the square there is a huge fountain, the jets of which reach 7 meters in height. Behind the fountain and pillars begins the path “Ok Yul”, which means “Happy Way”, which leads to the Independence Monument itself, where we can see figures of a woman, 6 meters high, with a baby, 3.5 meters long. The creators of this work, entitled “Monument to the Happy Mother,” are considered Ilkhom and Kamol Jabbarov.

The area covers an area of 12 hectares, here are the main public institutions of the country: ministries, departments, the Senate and others.

In honor of the fallen participants of the Second World War in the park area of “Mustakillik Maydoni” square there is an alley of fame and memory. Here, in the books located in the gallery, the names of all Uzbeks, who gave their lives fighting for their Motherland in World War II, are immortalized. In the very center of the alley there is a monument to the "Grieving Mother" in front of which the Eternal Flame is burning.


Royston Mine Turquoise Ring - R42

There is only 1 item left in stock.

Stunning and large, deep green Royston turquoise stone surrounded by elaborate rope and cut out work with silver drops on the top. Set on a thick, comfortable shank. Hand crafted entirely of sterling silver. Stamped "J.S." and ".925" under the bezel by Navajo artist Sampson Jake. His initials are reversed so as not to be confused with another Navajo artist, Selina Jake who uses initials "SJ". Rare, Royston turquoise comes from the Royal Royston claim in Nevada and is the last of the mines in production of this high grade turquoise. The stone and surrounding bezel measures 1 inch tall by 7/8 inch at the widest point.

Size 7.25 - Can be resized for a nominal $15 fee

- BAF2BF09512E384421CB1CBC99CE7FA8


Photo: AP

The United States has faced historic flooding this spring. From the Midwest to California to the Southern Plains, record precipitation has begotten both slow-moving and flash floods.

All this is happening following the wettest 12 month period in U.S. history. But it’s also indicative of bigger issues afoot. Extreme precipitation has become more common due to climate change, raising the risk of floods. A recent analysis from the Union of Concerned Scientists found that the alarm bells are ringing ever louder with a 71 percent uptick in flood watches and warnings this year and that flood alerts have become more common in many parts of the U.S. since 1986. The findings and what we’ve observed this spring show that the country’s infrastructure needs to be shored up fast to deal with a wetter, wilder future.

“Flood alerts are society’s internal signal that people and property are in harm’s way,” Juan Declet-Barreto, a climate scientist with the Union of Concerned Scientists who did the analysis, told Earther in an email.

The signal has been loud and clear this spring. The U.S. has been absolutely hosed with precipitation in the form of massive snowstorms and abnormally heavy rain. Extreme precipitation has become more common as the planet has heated up, largely because the warmer atmosphere can hold more water. Every region of the U.S. has seen an uptick in downpours in recent decades.

Not all intense precipitation events lead to floods, but the protracted wet spell leading up to the spring left soils saturated, increasing the odds of flooding. Add in infrastructure—dams, levees, culverts, and other infrastructure meant to deal with rising water—that was designed for the climate of the 20th century and not the supercharged one of today, coupled with more people living in harm’s way, and you have a recipe for natural disaster.

“These factors combine to increase the likelihood of life-threatening floods such as the ones we’ve seen recently in the Midwest,” Declet-Barreto said.

His analysis underscores this isn’t just a 2019 problem, though. Declet-Barreto pulled 33 years of National Weather Service flood watches, warnings, and advisories. The results show basically every region of the U.S. is seeing more of these alerts. The Midwest is a hot spot, but so is the Southwest, particularly around central Arizona. The types of floods these two regions experience are very different—in the Midwest, it’s usually river floods while Arizona usually sees flash floods and runoff from the desert during the summer monsoon—but the risks they pose are equally challenging society. And if governments don’t improve how they manage stormwater, the impacts will grow ever worse.

“It’s clear we need a coherent and comprehensive federal response to climate change—a response that encourages progress at state and local levels,” Declet-Barreto said.

Reinforcing infrastructure to handle more extreme rainfall (as well as longer drought periods) is one important fix. Improving flood mapping, including what the federal government considers the 100-year floodplain, as well as reforming programs like the National Flood Insurance Program that encourages people to rebuild in risky places, would also go a long way to protecting lives and property. That’s small comfort to the farmers and others who have lost nearly everything in this spring’s historic floods, but any of those fixes could help ensure the losses won’t be as bad in the future.


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In Missouri, odd-numbered highways run north-south and even-numbered highways run east-west (with a few exceptions, such as Route 112). Missouri also maintains a secondary set of roads, supplemental routes, which are lettered rather than numbered.

Missouri State Highway System
Interstate 44 markerU.S. Route 61 markerRoute 5 markerRoute A marker
Highway markers Interstate 44, U.S. Route 61, Missouri Route 5 and Supplement Route A
System information
Maintained by MoDOT
Highway names
InterstatesInterstate nn (I‑nn)
US HighwaysU.S. Route nn (US nn)
StateRoute nn
Supplemental Route:Supp-xx, SSR-xx
System links
Route 366 in St. Louis

Missouri has also changed highway designations with a US route or an interstate with the same number is designated through the state (MO-40 was redesignated Route 14 to avoid duplicating numbers with US-40 which also passes through the state).

In some states (such as Arkansas), highways are allowed to be discontinuous. Missouri overlaps highways in order to maintain continuity.

The Missouri Department of Transportation routinely uses the term "Route" in reference to the names of the roads. However, Missouri statutes define them as "State Highways". Missourians may use the terms "Route" and "Highway" interchangeably when referring to a state road.

See alsoEdit

External linksEdit


Foundational Documents - Institutional Goals and Objectives

Greenville University Student Learning Outcomes

The following Student Learning Objectives guide the Greenville University General Education Program and the aims of Departmental Programs:

1. CRITICAL SELF-AWARENESS – Recognize and develop personal strengths, subjecting individual ideas and expression to critical analysis and revision.

2. KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL - Employ truth-seeking measures through the use of critical inquiry, including appropriate and relevant research.

3. COLLABORATION AND COOPERATION ACROSS DISCIPLINES - Collaborate and cooperate effectively with others, based on open dialogue and mutual respect.

4. COMMUNICATION - Communicate effectively, using written, oral and creatively artistic methods.

5. CULTURAL AND AESTHETIC VALUES - Recognize the value of diverse cultures and their contributions.

6. CHARACTER AND APPLICATION OF CHRISTIAN VIRTUES - Articulate the integrating of Christian faith with living and learning.

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Greenville, Illinois 62246-1145
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Accreditation | IBHE Complaint Form


مهرجان "فيتشي-شامبالالا" للاحتفال برأس السنة عند شعب سيداما

© Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH), 2014

عذراً، هذه الصفحة غير متوفرة باللغة العربية

After the actual date for the Fichee celebration is reckoned and identified by ayyanto, clan leaders and competent elder (chimeesa) attend a meeting called songo summoned to make decision on the proclamation of the date to the people.
Announcing the date on which the Fichee holiday falls to the wider community by hanging skin of sheep on stick, known as lalawa, by clan leaders in their respective areas at gudumaale where large number of people gather for marketing purposes.
Undertaking thorough observation of the moora, white fattish layer of small intestine of the slaughteered goat.The specialists with the skill of reading moora announce the result to the public whether the year to come is 'blessed and promising' or not
Passing through a door like shape or arc made using wet bamboo tree in gudumaale, symbolizing the entrance to a new year, renouncing all the bad things of the old year and accepting the new one with good wishes.
In the evening of the Fichee holiday, a cultural dish, known as buursame, is served on a clay pot, known as shafeta, and feasted on communally. The feast kicks off in a house of a man who has higher social status
The event of feeding the cattle a salty soil, known as bole, by scattering it in a grazing area or kalo which is a reserved pasture for the animals by heads of households on the day of Chambalaalla (New Year).
Hore is a traditional singing performed by unmarried girls in which they beautify themselves and go to play with their peers and praise one another, and finally join the boys they want to play with and sing and dance faaro
Faaro is a traditional singing and dancing performed by unmarried boys and girls interested in each other, facing in rows in opposite direction, moving back and forth and bending down their neck during Fichee festival at Gudumaale, public gathering places
Ketala is a traditional singing and dancing performed by adult male community members, wearing a traditional cloth, known as gonfa, with red, white and black strip colors and buluko (home-spun cotton cloth) and holding spear and shield.


Science Wants to Be Open

There is power in a simple sketch. If done right, it can can communicate a complex idea without the need for several thousand words. There’s danger, too. Sometimes it’s too simple, and the sketch demands (rather than replaces) a longer explanation. The latter happened to me recently after I used this in a presentation:

My goal was straightforward: I wanted to draw attention to the full spectrum of curiosity. I was giving a talk to a room full of PhDs and I wanted them to suspend their notions of science as usual.

Science is a special type of question asking: the collective, systematic organization of knowledge about our universe. We draw the “this is science” line in a specific place. In order to qualify, a question or explanation must be testable, reproducible, and peer-reviewed.

We take this line seriously, as we should. The academy demands this level of rigor. But this line has serious consequences, and it should be re-examined from time to time.

I didn’t intend for this sketch to be the center point of the conversation, but it was. And now a longer explanation is owed.

In the beginning, there was no line. There wasn’t a global, coordinated effort to organize knowledge. It was localized by groups and individuals, cultures and religions. The Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th century could be perceived as the first line, but it was blurry. As the term “science” gradually crept into popular use throughout the 18th century, it became more and more distinct. It was this era that gave rise to the foundation of modern science: the institutions, methodologies and journals.

The 20th century brought us the professionalizing and industrialization of science, perhaps perfectly articulated in Vannevar Bush’s Science the Endless Frontier. The results have been staggering and thrilling. Through education and specialization, the line became even more distinct as science raced forward. The whole idea of “science communication” emerged to as an attempt to cross this growing divide, from the scientific community to the general public.

The conversation around advancing science focuses on pressing onward and upward inside the line — more funding, more education, more results. And of course it does. That’s where the most valuable knowledge comes from. However, a growing capacity for discovery is building outside the line, as new technologies and methods raise the potential for the non-traditional. We deserve a better conversation about moving the line outward — about opening science up.

Rethinking Institutions

Outside the line, the dogma of modern scientific institutions falls apart. Decades of administrative bloat have created entrenched interests without any competitive alternatives. That’s starting to change.

New models for research are being pioneered by independent scientists like Ethan Perlstein (Perlstein Lab) and Saul Griffith (OtherLab). By decoupling themselves from university labs, they’ve been able to skirt the costly indirect fees and control the destiny of intellectual property they create. This creative control means they are free to quickly spin out companies — as they’ve done numerous times — if the outcomes prove economically viable, or move into entirely new fields if the research pulls them in different directions. It’s lean science.

That‘s not the only knock on universities, either. They are also being challenged as the preeminent learning mechanism for higher education. Online platforms and classes are becoming widely available, with the breadth and quality continuing to improve at a breakneck pace, from Udacity’s nanodegrees to MIT’s OpenCourseWare. And as university tuitions rise, the appeal of learning online will continue to grow.

Universities aren’t the only modern scientific institution being reimagined, either. So are the gatekeepers and couriers of information: the scientific journals. For the most part, scientific careers are still measured and rewarded according to the number and importance of their published papers, especially in journals like Science and Nature. The fundamentals of print publishing meant that there were a limited number of pages that could cover and report the scientific news of the day, further perpetuating the importance of the line. The internet changed that economic reality. The past two decades have seen a sharp rise in the number of open access papers and publications, including efforts by the big name journals. The limiting factor is no longer page count, it’s corralling qualified peer-reviewers. As more creative researchers begin to experiment outside the line, open access becomes more than just a moral imperative. It becomes deeply pragmatic.

The Economics of Discovery

In many ways, science has been the last holdout in the disruptive shift from analogue to digital economics. The music industry, the mainstream media, and Hollywood (as well as nearly every other information and creative industry) have had to face the reality of the internet — distribution costs going to virtually zero. That’s happening now with open access publishing, and that’s only one piece of the puzzle. The costs of producing scientific works are also undergoing a dramatic change. Over the past few years, thanks to new digital fabrication tools like 3D printers and methods for sharing designs online, there has been an explosion of low-cost, open-source tools for doing science and exploration.

The list of these new tools is long and growing, from underwater robots to automated lab benches. With the same philosophical zeal that first propelled the open access movement, makers and tinkerers are gaining momentum and finding markets for their affordable alternatives. The performance of these new tools is everything you would expect from first generation tools built using off-the-shelf parts, but the rate of improvement and innovation is the more important factor. These devices are following the path of Clayton Christianson’s disruptive innovation curve, the process of technological evolution where a new design or business model breaks up the existing state of affairs by opening up the market to new and different customers.

New services like Science Exchange are creating online marketplaces that give researchers simple ways to leverage resources and equipment, giving them access without the need for ownership. New community lab spaces like BioCurious in Sunnyvale, CA and Genspace in Brooklyn, NY are allowing researchers, regardless of experience level, to rent space at a reasonable rate.

All of these forces are combining to create a new economic reality. It’s now possible to pursue interesting ideas for much smaller amounts of money. The ability to do more with less means that researchers can find new and novel sources of funding, like accumulating lots of small donations via online crowdfunding sites. Websites like Kickstarter and Experiment are increasingly being used by researchers to fund their work, with the average fundraise on Experiment being $5,427. This may seem like small science compared to larger grants from the National Science Foundation and National Institute of Health, but it adds up, especially if you’re working outside the line.

Taken together, these forces are changing what can be done, but they’re also changing who can do them. It’s breaking science out of the ivory tower.

The Myth of Amateurism

The idea of science as a profession is a relatively recent development. You don’t have to go far back in the history of science to find its roots as an amateur pursuit. By definition, Benjamin Franklin and Charles Darwin were amateurs, pursuing knowledge for it’s own sake.

With the rise of professional science, amateur science did not go away, it just went unnoticed. Many people are familiar with the concept of citizen science — non-professionals contributing to ongoing research. But far fewer people realize how fast citizen science has evolved as a method and strategy for scientific research. It is way beyond just birders and backyard astronomers.

Over the past few years, a body of research has emerged that shows the enormous potential for engaging non-professionals in the process of discovery. From the invisible prevalence of citizen-collected data in ornithology to the astounding effectiveness of protein-folding video games, technology is helping to make this type of amateur participation easier and more reliable. It’s also helping to build public trust in science.

So far, however, the popularization of amateur participation has ignored the most important effect of all: these lower barriers to participation means young scientists can seek out alternative career paths and models. It’s also allowing researchers from different fields to experiment and explore outside of their core discipline. And, perhaps most importantly, it’s creating more opportunities for researchers in the developing world. Basically, it’s room for more ideas from young and new minds to ask different questions. In a world where important research can be held back by the establishment, this type of freedom can be the basis for the next big discovery.

In the short term, science moves forward — creating knowledge and getting to better questions — by creative leaps. It’s a process driven by chance, genius, and zeitgeist. In the long term, science progresses with meta-level changes to the scientific process. More specifically, it evolves through changes in technology and methods for cooperating and collaborating. Just as the invention of the printing press played a pivotal role in the original Scientific Revolution, the connectivity enabled by the internet is changing the nature of the scientific process again. We’re slowly moving the line.

Science wants to be open.


13450234_10157026169280534_7666515428487174462_nA four-part music and art experience with a philanthropic purpose.

Change is coming to Pensacola; there is a movement of artist and musicians inspired to use their talents for the betterment of our community. I sat down with events coordinator and philanthropist Ric Kindle to discuss his series Curated Compassion. Kindle has spent many years in Pensacola connecting artists with audiences and after recently completing his Greater Good series, Compassion is his mission.

Curated Compassion is a family friendly event designed to share cultural ideas with a collaborative and interactive emphasis. This event has something for everyone from art and music to food and fun.

Below is an edited and slightly condensed transcript of our conversation.

What would you like people to know about Curated Compassion?

Curated Compassion is a four-part music and art series with a purpose. Each show will have a different theme. The first show was Compassion. The second show was Tolerance. We’re still trying to figure out what the theme for the third one will be.

The idea is that we bring people together with fresh music, fresh art, that’s created with a theme. It’s not just art hanging on a wall it’s a 15×18 foot installation where people walk into the art and experience [it] on a personal basis… people can interact with the art.

Installation Art isn’t a new thing in other parts of the country, but in Pensacola, it’s very new.

Interaction is a big part of your events. Can you give me some examples?

Rafi Perez… did a magnet board. The idea was: what is compassion to you? Draw a picture with these magnets on this magnetic board. Rafi’s piece [was recorded] in stop motion on his phone. As it went on, you saw how people love, or… whatever compassion [means] to them. You saw their hands create that.

View a video of the Curated Compassion event, including Rafi Perez’s stop motion magnet board, here.

This time one of the installations or artist [depicted] the lack of tolerance with Target.

Referring to the controversy surrounding Target allowing transgender employees to use restrooms that correspond with their gender identity.

He did two bathroom stalls…you got to go in and [write] down things that you were intolerant or tolerant of and drop them in the toilet— kind of releasing them. And at the end, I burned them all!

I want the artist to grow along with the show. There’s going to be a four-part series here in Pensacola and after the fourth one I’ll take the show to New Orleans and do it big! Really big! I want the artists to grow as the show grows. How it will work is, we will take all four themes and incorporate them into that fifth show [in New Orleans]. So, that big show will be a culmination of all that we’ve done.

Curated Compassion

When did you come up with the idea?

A friend of mine, Rafi Perez [of Rafi Was Here Studios], his wife Klee, and I were sitting around their studio … trying to come up with a concept. I said “I wish people could be a part of the art, could interact” and [Rafi] said, “Instillations, that’s what you’re looking for.”

We came up with the concept of installation works [of] five artists— groups of artists not just individual artist, because it’s really hard for one person to do an installation by themselves. My thought is that the more people we get involved with the concept the more of an impression we make.

Klee said, “Well, you’re curating art, but you’re doing it with heart.” So, ‘Curated Compassion.’ Each show has a different organization that we are raising money for. The first show was the Beacon House [a shelter for women and children]. The second show was for Westgate Schools [a school for children who have disabilities].

A lot of work goes into these productions. Who are the major contributors to the project, besides yourself?

For the third show, I’m going to seek some sponsors. There’s a couple of people in town that have supported me through the years for events…but I’ve been funding it myself.

The entertainment has just been volunteers. I’ve got some people I want to play but it’s their job, so I want to pay them. I’m going to find sponsorship just to cover the music.

Curated Compassion

What sort of challenges do you face besides sponsorship?

Just getting the word out. Finding the people that would support an event, that get the concept. Volunteers are always needed. I’m trying to delegate stuff a little better. I need someone to do the volunteer [coordination] thing, to handle that. There’s a lot of other things besides just the volunteers that I have to be concerned with. My place in this is the big picture.

What motivates you to continue through the challenges?

I have to step back and breathe and say O.K. [this is just a little piece of the big picture] it will be O.K. I’ll work through it. I’ll figure it out. It’s just how I approach life.

How might someone get involved?

Contact me, tell me what they want to do, and follow through. It’s that simple.

How does this series appeal to the diversity of people in the Pensacola community?

I try to bring people together. Everyone’s take on the theme is unique to them. The diversity comes with the artists that are in the show. This next one on September 24th…we’ll make it a national call for artists.

Curated Compassion

What can people expect when they come out for the Curated Compassion events?

Hopefully, they are moved. Hopefully, their thought process is provoked to think, how can I do something? Or how can I be a part of something that makes a difference?

This show brings [the people] out that want to make a difference. The title of the series is Curated Compassion; what does that mean? We’re gathering compassion. We’re curating compassion through what we do and how we do it.

What sort of topics will be covered in the future?

I like empowerment, but I already do a show called Empowerment, so maybe another way of stating that. Something along those lines. Something uplifting!

Ric Kindle

How do you measure the success of your organization?

I used to look at dollars, I don’t do that anymore. I used to look at numbers, you know, …I always use a clicker at the gate…. I don’t do that anymore.

Feedback. Usually, I’ll get a message or a text or something from somebody that was there. It might just be that one that makes the whole thing worth it. I got it this time, and it was just supportive and good.

This is the mantra that I have, “I do what I do because I can, not because I have to.” I think we should all, whatever we do in life, we should do it because we can, not out of obligation or any other reason.

What have you gained from your experience with event production?

I’ve gained so many things. I’ve grown so much as a person. I’ve grown spiritually. I’ve grown artistically. I’ve grown.

People would always ask, “Why do you do this?” It’s because I can. I don’t have to do these shows—I want to. It’s very important for me to give people that space to share.

If you would like to get involved, email Ric Kindle at rkindle2012@gmail.com, or visit the Curated Compassion Facebook page. Don’t forget to mark your calendars for the next Curated Compassion event on September 24th, 2016. Stay tuned for theme and location updates.

As always, if you know of a person or organization that has made an impact on the community, please nominate them for this series. Email me at Rebecca.Carlson1984@gmail.com with the subject line “Spotlight: Philanthropy” and a brief description of the nominee’s achievements.


Journal publication  »  Academic article

Roe enhancement in sea urchin: Effects of handling during harvest and transport on mortality and gonad growth in Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

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Journal of Shellfish Research ; Volume 24. p. 1235–1239. 2005

Dale, Trine; Siikavuopio, Sten Ivar; Aas, Kåre; Aas, Kåre

This study addresses effects of handling and air exposure during harvest and transport on mortality and gonad growth of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in a proceeding roe enhancement trial. Two experimental factors: (1) handling (gentle and rough) and (2) degree of air exposure (wet and dry) were combined to form 4 different treatments; gentle/dry (GD), rough/dry (RD), gentle/wet (GW) and rough/wet (RW). In the proceeding roe enhancement trial, the highest mortality, exceeding 25%, was observed in the GD treatment. Mortality was 1.5% in RW and RD treatments, whereas no mortality was observed in the GW treatment. Mortality only occurred during the first 4 weeks after harvest. Desiccation appears to be the main cause of mortality. There was a significant increase in gonad index for all treatments during the roe enhancement trial; from 7.6% (median) at the beginning of the trial to 15.7, 14.5, 13.5 and 11.2% (median) at the end for GW, RW, GD and RD respectively. However, the increase in gonad index was significantly lower in the RD compared with the others. The lower gonad growth in RD was probably caused by the high frequency of individuals with visual injuries, a frequency that was an order of magnitude higher than in the other treatments. Overall, there was a clear relationship between visual injuries and gonad index, where individuals with injuries had a significantly lower gonad index at the end of the experiment (median; 10.4%) compared individuals without visual injuries (median; 14.5%). The lower feed consumption and higher feed conversion factor observed in RD indicate that individuals with injuries have a reduced gonad growth caused by a combination of reduced appetite and lower feed conversion efficiency. Regeneration of spines and lesions may have resulted in less resources allocated to gonad growth.


Adopted Experiment

[Experiment Adopted]: FarmEd Timor - Extended Soil Sensor Case Studies - July 2018

Reuben Dowie
Reuben Dowie | 10 months ago | in FarmEd - Timor-Leste

The July FarmEd team has ideated an MVP: a Facebook page farmers can message for specific agricultural advice. A messaging platform will be able to simulate the chat bot which would be integrated into a potential FarmEd smartphone application.

This service is to be paired with another, completely different MVP: farmers using soil sensors to easily determine important soil metrics such as pH and moisture levels. These will work well together, as farmers can use them to test their soil then get expert advice. Face to face interactions not being required for this process is key for eventual scalability.

We have decided not to launch these MVPs this month because we need to have a stronger assurance of their value to farmers. We do not want to get ahead of ourselves and spend the final week trying to push something that isn’t ready to go. Instead, we will establish extended case studies with selected farmer candidates. These will serve as thorough user experience surveys, running from July to December.

The case studies will involve loaning soil sensors to selected farmers, teaching them how to use them, then asking them to regularly test their soil in the months between July and December. They would message their soil data to our Facebook page ‘FarmEd Timor-Leste'.

When the December team steps on, they would re-approach case study participants and talk to them about the information learned from the sensors, and any changes the Farmers could make to make to improve the quality of their soil, specifically for the crops they are growing. This is the main incentive farmers have for participating in a case study and we have written simple MOUs outlining this agreement.

So, how exactly will the case studies run?
This week, we will travel to previously visited farms in Díli, Dare and Hera. Candidates for the study have been selected based on all the empathising we have done this month, which is summarised in a potential customer contacts spreadsheet. When we go to each farm, we will assess whether or not the farmer is genuinely interested in the case study by explaining what they would need to do, what we would do for them, and how we could both benefit from it (more on this later).
Farmer responsibilities:
- Use the sensors once per week to test their soil, for each crop they are growing.
- Record the data and message it to FarmEd Timor-Leste Facebook page each week.
- Do not cause any damage to the sensor and return it in December.
- Notify us when the battery goes flat as well as any other issues.
Our responsibilities:
- Provide farmers with soil sensors and spare batteries.
- Provide adequate written instructions on how to use the sensors to determine soil data.
- Ensure farmers are connected with the Facebook page
- Analyse the soil data that the farmers send to us.
- Provide the collated data to the farmers in December.
- Advise of any changes that farmers could make to improve the health of their soil.

These responsibilities are detailed in the MOU. If the farmers agree to these and sign the MOU, we will give them a sensor and instructions on how to use it, plus instructions on how to send data to our Facebook page. Care will be taken to ensure the farmers are certain on how to use them before leaving the farm. To be certain they can follow the instructions until December, translators will call the farmers daily until the project finishes and ask them to test the soil while on the phone. It is vital to get this part right so as to not waste time and resources. Before stepping off from July, we need to be 100% sure that the farmers understand what they need to do and know how to do it.

From the case studies, we hope to get all the sensor UX data we need for the MVP to be further developed in December. This will be gathered by posting monthly UX surveys on the Facebook page that farmers in the case studies can complete. More qualitative UX surveys would also be taken in December, by empathising with the farmers. The value farmers see in soil sensors can also be gauged from the case studies. It is quite possible some farmers will not continue to test their soil and send us the results until December, because they do not see the value in it. Or, if they follow the MOU faithfully, it will indicate that they see real value in the sensors.

Incentives for the farmers to participate and to continue in the case studies need to be carefully planned. If incentives are too strong, there will be a false value in them participating. For example, if we tried to get farmers on board by offering to pay them $1 per week they send us their soil data, they might be inclined to do so for money, not because they believe sensors can help them. But if we simply ask them to test their soil and send data without explaining how it may benifit, it is highly unlikely they would agree. So, we need to give realistic incentive that comes from the intrinsic value of agricultural sensors. This is it: for farmers who hold to their side of the MOU, the December team will analyse the soil data for that farm, and, if necessary, provide advice to the farmers on how to improve the health of their soil in a cost effective manner, that will boost the yield of their farm while supporting sustainability. This will most likely be simple advice, such as the addition of lime to raise soil pH.

We would love to know your thoughts on the value and methodology of these case studies, and will consider any insights you share!

edited on 6th September 2018, 01:09 by Justin Hakeem

Zoe Cahill 10 months ago

Status labels added: Proposed Experiment, Experiment adopted

Reply 0

Zoe Cahill 10 months ago

Hey Reuben,

I have just a few questions for you:
- What kind of information are you providing to farmers once they engage with the simulated chatbot service? How are you going to ensure that the information provided is of reasonable quality?
- How are you going to ensure that the UX data that is collected and posted by farmers is valid, quality controlled and quantifiable?
- What is the reason for collecting all of this data? Is it merely for testing how farmers interact with technology over an extended period of time, or are you trying to collect farm data as well that can then feed into the advice and information that is provided back to farmers? if it is the latter, how would this data assist in the overarching goal of FarmEd?
- What MVP are you developing further in December? Would you have enough of a validation to roll out an MVP of the actual app?
- At this stage, would FarmEd have the ability to do a comprehensive enough farm analysis in December, and thus is that something that can be guaranteed as an incentive for farmers to engage with this service?

Hope everything is going well, looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Reply 2

Reuben Dowie 10 months ago

Thank you for your questions Zoe, they are very important questions. I will answer them in order.

We don't currently know exactly how the simulated chatbot should run and what kind of information it would provide. Earlier in the month, we were thinking of running case studies of the actual MVP and providing advice through the Facebook page. We scrapped this plan because we were unsure of the quality and impact of the information we would provide. Moving forward, we need to be cautious about what we provide. There needs to be more agricultural expertise available to the team before beginning the MVP.

To ensure that UX data is properly captured, we have created a survey that we will send to study participants once every month over the break (we will get this translated tomorrow!). From empathising this month, we learnt that it is cultural for Timorese to say yes without always fully meaning it, so we made sure to word the survey in order to encourage honest responses. A more detailed UX survey via direct empathy will also be conducted in December.

We are running the case studies to collect UX data and to feed into the advice that we give back to farmers. We set up five case studies, so that is 20 months of total user experience that can be analysed. Whether the farmers engage well over the 20 months or not, will still be valuable data on the viability of a sensor service and messaging based platform. We also will use the actual soil data to potentially provide (basic) advice to the farmers, because there is also UX data that can be gained from this. The farmers are not paying for this (they just put down a refundable deposit for the sensor), so we see it as a a way to gain empathy data and simultaneously increase the overall traction of FarmEd.

At this stage, we have validated that there is technology accessibility in Timor, and that there is a want for agricultural advice. The point of the case studies is to validate farmer's engagement in using technology to receive that advice. So, if the case studies have a positive outcome in December, I think the MVP could be rolled out, but the December team needs to assess that themselves. We should only move forward when we feel prepared and we shouldn't make promises we can't keep.

We carefully worded the written agreement so that the December follow it. The farmers are not paying for anything, so what we provide is reflectively basic (yet still tangibly useful). For more comprehensive analysis, this could be provided as part of an MVP in the future, and we would need to ideate the best ways to comprehensively analyse farms for this.

Thanks again,

Reply 1

Wade Tink 10 months ago

Confused as to whether this is proposed or you have implemented it? Could you give us an understanding of timeframe?

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Reply 0

Reuben Dowie 10 months ago

We have implemented (five) case studies. They will run until the December team steps on. The December team will give farmers their $6 deposit back, take the sensors back, empathise with the farmers regarding their user experience, and if appropriate, provide soil advice to them.

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Justin Hakeem 9 months ago

Status label removed: Proposed Experiment

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