Fruits of Labor

In majority of the families that live in Romania, the older generation still lives in the country side, where as the younger, prefer the convenience of the city life.  Luckily for my husband’s family they have the luxury of having both.   We were lucky enough to arrive in Romania just in time to pick the season’s end of the fall harvest, at my father in law’s county home in Ghiorac, only a hour’s drive from the city.  It was a beautiful sight of dozens of plants still full of life to give.  We were able to harvest:  apples, green beans, carrots, green onions, grapes (for wine and to eat), walnuts, parsley, peppers (of many variety), just to name a few.  Leela absolutely loved it! She understood right away, anything we picked we could eat and she wanted to taste everything!! It was so awesome to taste fruit right from the limb/vine, knowing that we didn’t have to worry about scary pesticides, since Ioanchy only uses natural fertilizers and no pesticides.  My husband told me, it had become a fad for people to only by the “pretty fruit” from the farmer’s markets.  However, now people realize you want the fruits/vegetables that have been picked on by pests, since that means no pesticides were used vs no markings would mean the pests would not eat it, if it had been treated…A good note to think about.   Eat the ugly fruit!!

Each season the crops are rotated so that the soil is rich with nutrients from the previous harvest.  This is where big agriculture has been getting it wrong in order to produce food on a large scale, growing the same crops on the same fields.  But is it worth it if the food we believe to be nourishing our bodies with doesnt really provide any nourishment at all??  Then adding in the herbicides and pesticides along with it, no wonder cancer is on the rise, so people who try to eat right and by physcially active are still getting cancer.  This is why it is so important to know where your food is coming from and to buy local as much as possible to keep sustainability alive!  You can even try small and grow a few of your own plants, it can be fun for the whole family.

Off to Romania!

To all of my followers and fellow bloggers, my family and I have decided to take a trip to Romania to have an extended visit with my husband’s family.  We will be there for 6 months and then will see where life takes us after that.  Our plan for now, is to return to Lafayette, La but who knows!  Life is what happens while your busy making other plans.  So expect to see some exciting food from other cultures, I know I am!!

Comfort food!

While eating intuitively our body can ask for various different types of food.  Fat being one of them!!! My go to comfort food is “Cajun chicken alfredo” 🤤.  Packed with butter, heavy cream and Parmesan cheese, yes please! Now also we also mindfully eat, by eating according to hunger and don’t typically over eat, so this one high fat meal will not cause you to gain weight.  Now, you may want to keep eating just because it tastes soooo good! But just put the fork down once you’re satisfied.  I add a bit of green in mine to make it at least, a little healthy 😉.   Also I don’t like when people feel guilty over eating a high fat meal.  Our bodies need fat, our brains are made up of it and it’s one of our macronutrients (protein, fat & carbohydrate), these are essential for our bodies to function properly.  Nutrition experts recommend more monounsaturated fats(plant based) over saturated(animal fats) but everything in moderation and you’ll be fine.

Here’s the recipe

Ingredients: 1 pack of organic chicken thighs, 150g of shredded Parmesan cheese, 1 1/2 cups of heavy whipping cream, 1/2 stick of butter, 2 cloves of minced garlic, 3/4 lb of bow tie pasta, salt, pepper, Cajun seasoning (I use my mom’s, she makes her own).

I cook my chicken breast before making my sauce so I can just throw in the chicken at the end. The sauce is temperamental, if you over heat it, it will start to break up. Season chicken with salt and Cajun seasoning, pan fry, cut up and set aside.

Alfredo sauce: On medium heat, melt butter with heavy whipping cream, sauté for about 3 minutes, season with salt and pepper to taste.  Add in minced garlic, sauté for a few minutes not to brown, constantly stirring.  Add in Parmesan cheese, stir until melted throughly.  Add in cooked pasta and chicken, stir all together.  I also steam broccoli and add in at the end as well.  Enjoy!!!
To enjoy your leftovers, heat up a little heavy cream in a pan and add in the dish, this will help keep the fat from breaking up and you can enjoy it all over again!

Color me happy!!

I’m sure you’ve heard the term “eating the rainbow”.  The reason nutrition experts try to encourage this is because the more colorful your plate, typically the more nutritious it is as well.  We encourage you to eat at least half your plate of fruits and vegetables, a quarter of it protein and the other quarter carbohydrate and fat. The key here is to note that certain colors of food indicate an abundance of specific nutrients. For example, yellow and orange fruits and vegetables (citrus fruits) are abundant in vitamins C and A. Green fruits and veggies (kale, spinach, asparagus, avocado) are high in vitamins K, B, and E. Purple produce on the other hand (eggplant, red cabbage, grapes) are high in vitamins C and K.

The majority of Americans tend to think the more protein “the better,” and will have the opposite plate with half the plate protein, a quarter veggie and a quarter carbohydrate.  The more veggies the better! Vegetables are low in calories but high in nutrients and seeing the variety of colors on our plate makes us happy!  There are actually a variety of plants that are great sources of protein, such as broccoli, a typical bunch, has about 17g of protein.  Proteins do not have to come from animal sources, plant-based sources are easier for humans to digest and better for over all health, while offering antioxidants and phytonutrients that help fight off cancerous cells.  Animal based proteins have been linked to increased cancer rates, type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.  So I dare you to try gain weight by eating mostly veggies…I bet you can’t do it:  all the while feeling better and happier.

This picture is from our grill, that we ate on for about 3 days! Mmmm

Achieving Umami

All great chefs aspire to achieve umami.  In order to achieve umami, we first need to know what it is.  The umami tastes has been around forever:

“It’s actually one of the five basic tastes, as are sweet, sour, salty and bitter. The umami taste is savory and is most often associated with meats such as cured ham, seafood including anchovies and dried bonito as well as tomatoes, mushrooms, and some cheeses. Would you know it if you tasted it, or would you just think that the dish had that “extra something”?  Literally translated, the Japanese word umami means “delicious taste” or “pleasant savory taste” and was coined by Professor Kikunae Ikeda in 1908 when he discovered that monosodium glutamate, naturally present in some foods, reacts synergistically with some ribonucleotides, including inosinate and guanylate. That sounds really scientific but what it basically means is that chemicals in some foods interact in a special way to really impress your taste buds. Umami has a mild but lasting aftertaste difficult to describe. If a flavor had to be assigned to the term umami, it would be meaty and brothy with a tongue-coating savoriness that causes salivation.

Any cook or chef can achieve umami.  My husband and I believe I have achieved umami with my Mushroom Orzo Risotto dish. We literally had to stop ourselves from eating the whole thing, it was that good.  It is another dish of mine that I have altered from another recipe and made it my own:  Quick, easy, delicious and healthy.

Ingredients:  2 cups dried Orzo pasta, 3 tablespoons of olive oil, 12oz sliced mushrooms, 1 medium onion, chopped, 4 cups of vegetable broth, 1/3 cup of grated parmesan cheese, salt and pepper to taste, optional chopped parsley.

Directions:  Over medium heat in a large frying pan, add 2tbsp of olive oil with mushrooms, cook mushrooms at least 5 minutes then add in onion, stirring often, cook until onions become translucent but do not brown, season with salt and pepper.  Reduce heat, add in one more tablespoon of olive oil and the 2 cups of dried orzo pasta.  Lightly cook, stirring often until pasta is light golden, about 2 minutes.  Slowly add in the broth, 1/2 cup at a time, continue to stir, add more broth when absorbed into pasta, simmer until pasta is tender to bite.  If mixture becomes too thick before pasta is done, add in a little more broth.  Stir in 1/3 cup of grated parmesan cheese, add more salt and pepper to taste.  Spoon risotto into wide bowls, sprinkle on top optional chopped parsley and more parmesan cheese to taste.  Devour!!!!

So…What do Dietitians eat?

It seems like clock work, every time I tell someone I am a Registered Dietitian, they ask, “So I bet you eat like really healthy huh”.  And my answer is, well most of the time but not always.  Most dietitians you meet are not perfect eaters.  We truly believe in everything in moderation.  I believe in intuitive eating, meaning eating what your body is telling you it needs, also when its hungry, not letting the clock tell you when its time to eat.  I also try to be a mindful eater, turning off all distractions, such as the TV, computer and putting away the cell phone.  We need to smell and taste our food slowly while enjoying every flavor.  When we do this, we are more in tune with our bodies, telling us when we have had enough.  We tend to be such in a rush to do everything, we scarf down our food, not giving it a chance to start digesting and tend to over eat because of it.

I am not a perfect eater but I aim to eat well at least 85% of the time.  I do not keep junk food in my house, such as chips, ice cream or sweets (exception being my husband’s chocolate).  I save those items if I am eating out, so that I have to go out and get them while not being easily accessed.  I choose to eat more vegetarian, my body likes it better that way.  The human body functions better with whole foods and a plant based diet.  This is easier to do than most people think it is, we just need a little guidance to get there sometimes.

This is one of my weekly dishes:  its low calorie,  fast, easy and delicious!  The recipe calls for 1 can of diced tomatoes, olive oil, crushed red pepper/salt, fresh minced garlic cloves, white wine and long pasta.  Directions:  On medium heat: 1 tbsp of olive oil with diced tomatoes.  Sauté until tomatoes start to crush, season with crushed red pepper and salt (to taste).  Add in minced garlic, sauté, stirring frequently, not to let the garlic brown (that will cause an unwanted nutty flavor).  Add in about 2oz of white wine, let it cook out while stirring frequently.  Add in cooked pasta of your choice, I prefer linguine or thin spaghetti with this dish, stir and serve hot!  Turn off all devices and enjoy with your friends or family.

It’s one of her favorites!

Yoga…My Zen

In this fast past world we live in, we need to take the time and slooowww down…We try to do so much, our minds become overwhelmed and have a hard time stopping, effecting our sleep and in time our health.  There is overwhelming evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of yoga and meditation.

“Recent studies in people with chronic low-back pain suggest that a carefully adapted set of yoga poses may help reduce pain and improve function (the ability to walk and move). Studies also suggest that practicing yoga (as well as other forms of regular exercise) might have other health benefits such as reducing heart rate and blood pressure, and may also help relieve anxiety and depression.

I have practiced yoga for several years but I have really noticed its effects of dealing with stress and anxiety during the past couple of months.  I had some recent life changes such as, becoming a stay at home mom and no longer having control over my household income.  Pretty stressful, when you have worked your whole life and have always been financially independent.   The stress was causing severe neck pain ( a common place where we carry stress) and I was having headaches almost daily.  I literally felt the pain disappear after one yoga session.  I have tried hot yoga before; I liked it because it allowed me to get a deeper stretch, however I’m not a fan of being that sweaty and having to lay in my own sweat…yuck!.  I have found a yoga series a really like through Amazon Prime Video. I also have a Rodney Yee-Am/PM yoga DVD.  There a literally thousands of free videos and apps out there for you to choose from, along with ones for purchase.  So you have no excuse, not to free your mind and start meditating, even if only for 5 minutes a day.

A little insight into intuitive/mindful eating

Shared from a fellow blogger

Intuitive eating is a philosophy that allows you to trust your own body and its hunger signals. It promotes a healthy attitude toward food and your body image. As children, we eat when we are hungry and stop when we are full.  At some point in our lives, we are drawn away from the natural way of eating. We start following fad diets and restrict ourselves from certain foods or food groups. This changes the way we look at food. We don’t instinctively eat when we are hungry; we eat when we are sad, bored or when something looks appetizing. Intuitive eating teaches us to trust ourselves and our choices.  It teaches us to eat when we are physically hungry, not when we emotionally crave something.

It may be hard to re-teach yourself to eat intuitively. An important factor is to implement mindfulness when you are eating and when you are not. This will help you avoid eating food emotionally. You should eat food when you need it.

Before you eat you should think to yourself, do you need food right now? Or are you eating to distract yourself from your work, errands, etc? If you are using food to distract yourself, you can just go for a short walk or drink some water instead. It helps to acknowledge your feelings, rather than mindlessly eating food.

If you are actually hungry, think about what you want. It is important not to get too hungry since it makes it harder to make rational decisions. You may end up over eating. When you are eating, stay mindful.  Make sure you stop when you are full, not when the plate is finished. Experience your food and enjoy it. To stay mindful, it may help to turn off the tv or computer and eat with no distractions.

There are ten key principles of the philosophy:

  1. Reject the diet mentality
    Diets give you false hope of losing weight. They put restrictions on your diet, which may cause you to end up eating more later in the day. More importantly, you may end up gaining the weight back once you finish the diet.
  2. Honor your hunger
    Respond to your hunger. Eat when you’re hungry and satisfy yourself! You do not have to go hungry. Going hungry can cause you to over eat. Eating when you are first hungry can help you build trust with your body. Your body knows when it needs energy!
  3. Make peace with food
    All food is good. Give yourself permission to eat!
  4. Challenge the food police
    Don’t be so hard on yourself if you have eaten too much. Your body will even itself and tell you when need the energy. Don’t restrict yourself from eating calories and skip meals.
  5. Respect your fullness
    When you are eating, listen to your hunger signals. If you are full stop eating!
  6. Discover the satisfaction factor
    If you make your eating experience enjoyable, in a calm, inviting room with good food, you will find that you will not need as much food to be full. Enjoy the experience and discover what you need to be full.
  7. Honor your feelings without using food
    emotional eating is very common! Many people eat when they are lonely, sad or anxious. Learn to think about your feelings and find ways to ease these feelings without eating food. You can go for a job, meditate or call a friend.
  8. Respect your body
    Learn to love your body for what it is. No one is perfect. Don’t be so hard on yourself.
  9. Exercise
    Find ways to exercise that you enjoy! I love running; it clears my mind and makes me happy. It distracts me from real life and helps me focus on what is important.
  10. Honor your health
    you don’t have to eat a perfect diet to be healthy. A sweet snack or one greasy meal won’t ruin your health!

Eat when you are hungry and stop when you are full. Enjoy the moment and the food that you eat. Be more respectful of your emotions, food can’t solve all your problems.

via Intuitive Eating — The Nutritious Noodle

Exercise=Food for the mind, body and soul

I have always been into some type of sport, pretty much my whole life but after having a kid it makes a bit more challenging. There is always something “more important” to take care of or your just plain exhausted to get up off the coach.  But after realizing how much better I felt just by taking the little one for a walk to the park, I knew it was something I needed in my life for me to  keep my sanity! Any type of exercise is good for you, wether you walk, run, lift weights, do yoga, play a sport, remember your doing yourself and those around you a favor 😉

First blog

Hello out there!!!

My name is Lauren Vardai a Registered Dietitian, practicing private nutrition consulting in the region of Northwest Florida.  I am passionate about intuitive/mindful eating and nutrition, family meals, disease prevention and rehabilitation through food, along with support/promotion of breastfeeding, I have a 22 month old myself whom I am still breastfeeding and plan on it until she deems necessary.  I consider myself a foodie, as I love all types of food and wine parings, trying new/exotic foods, I would love to be a food critic but they get bad raps, I just love food and sharing it with others.  I truly believe that “Food should be thy medicine and medicine thy food”.

I invite you to explore my website and find out more about me and my services.  Check back here weekly for more nutrition fun about recipes, local restaurant critiques, fad diets, nutritional tips for all ages/stages and more!!


I have run multiple imputation using MICE. I would now like to run a Cox model on it (using with,pool), and make sure that is justified. That is, I need to make sure that the proportional hazards assumption holds for the pooled model, and as well, to make sure that hazards are constant over time.

How can I go about actually verifying that this is the case? I've proposed two methods, but I don't think that either are correct.

Method 1: "stack" my multiple imputations as in here using "complete". Basically, I get one long dataset, and run this as if we have one dataset. I can check the assumptions on this dataset. I don't think this is right though. When checking the variance of the fitted parameters, it was extremely low, leading me to believe that there may be more problems in addition to this, and I also doubt the validity of it.

Method 2: Run model checks on each individual imputed data set. I could see if the assumptions hold for each individual dataset, but I am not sure if the assumptions holding individually implies that they will hold all together.

Method 3: Average the imputed values to obtain one dataset of the original size. This is certainly wrong because this would discard all of the work we did for multiple imputation (and would be akin to just single imputation).

This question was partially answered here, and the answer seems to check each set individually (option 3) but it doesn't give any theoretical justification as to why this will actually work for it in total.

Are my concerns valid? And is there a more correct way to check the assumptions?

1) I read chapter 6 in Stef van Buuren's Flexible imputation of missing data. It echoed my concerns.

On page 153, he states that "stacking" will yield unbiased point estimates, but inferences on that will not be valid because of the large sample size (which I also assume implies that the variance is too low)

As well, he states that averaging the data makes it similar to single imputation, which is pretty much what I said.

It looks like method two is the winner by default, but I'm still looking for a justification as to why. I'll keep y'all updated should I find out.

  • $\begingroup$ Is there any update so far for the right answer? I did model checking for each data sets individually but my boss told me it's better to have a pool p-value, say, for the PH assumption testing. $\endgroup$ – pthao Jul 27 '16 at 8:05
  • $\begingroup$ Pooling p-values is generally a bad idea. See van Buuren's book "flexible imputation of missing data" and this paper $\endgroup$ – RayVelcoro Jul 28 '16 at 12:55

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Today’s offering in our Timeless Essay series affords our readers the opportunity to join Gleaves Whitney, as he considers the role of Socrates and the pursuit of virtue and wisdom in our modern polis. —W. Winston Elliott, Publisher

I. Introduction to Socrates

Socrates also knew that there were social consequences to the quest for wisdom. Because moral and intellectual discipline is so hard, because the “long, arduous apprenticeship of self-mastery” never ends,[1] citizens might begin to question their faith in democracy, for citizens must learn to govern themselves before they can presume to govern others.

II. A Giant of the Earth

In a recent Time magazine survey of the most consequential human beings who have ever lived, Socrates ranks sixty-eighth. That may not sound spectacularly high until you realize that he is 68th out of 107 billion people who have ever lived.[2] When expressed mathematically—68/107,000,000,000—Socrates peers down on us like a giant of the earth (because of course he is).

It’s perhaps surprising that he ranks so high. In the first place, Socrates did not leave behind any of his own writings. We only know this enigmatic man through the observations of others—Plato, Xenophon, Aristophanes, Aristotle—and these sources are hardly in agreement about the man.

III. Three Contexts

Historians and biographers like to write of the “life and times” of a person. Framing a biographical narrative in its broader context helps readers see things that might otherwise be missed. There are at least three important contexts that help us understand what it was like to be Socrates.

IV. Life of Socrates

Historiographically we cannot avoid the “Socrates problem.” Because this gadfly did not himself leave behind any writings, our portraits of him have been colored by others. It turns out the sources lead to two divergent views of the man.

On the negative side, the comic playwright Aristophanes poked fun of Socrates as a silly but dangerous sophist who was always putting the wrong ideas in people’s heads. According to Aristophanes, Socrates was just another sophist. For a fee he would teach students how to be clever and confound his listeners, making the worse argument look better and the better argument look worse. Other detractors were angry that Socrates tore down the authority of the greatest democrats of Athens during the postwar years when the polis desperately needed stability. Because Socrates challenged the status quo, he was thought to be impious, a revolutionary who created new gods. Crowning all these reasons was the charge that Socrates corrupted the youth and thus the future of the weakened city-state. The dastardly Alcibiades had been his student, after all.

On the positive side, Socrates was veritably worshiped by his pupils Plato and Xenophon, who wrote of his sterling character, unimpeachable integrity, and relentless pursuit of virtue. They also admired the fact that their teacher was a skeptic of all received opinion when it came to the Big Ideas—justice, virtue, piety, love, knowledge, and other notions. Because Socrates was a brilliant conversationalist, he attracted many youth who felt he put the romance in the search for wisdom: The “long, arduous apprenticeship of self-mastery,”[3] according to Socrates, was the noblest thing we human beings undertake.

Historians will never be able to reconcile these two different views of Socrates. But based on Plato’s early dialogues and other source material, the following is what we can say with some degree of certainty:

He was born in Athens in 470 BC. His name means “master of life.” His father Sophronicus was a stone mason. His mother Phaenarete was a midwife. Later in life, Socrates would compare himself to a midwife: as a midwife mastered the skill or art of delivering babies, so the lover of wisdom mastered the art of giving birth to the truth.

For the first forty years of Socrates’s life, it was glorious to be an Athenian. The recent defeat of the Persians from the east gave the upstart democrats in the West the confidence and energy to unleash their talents. The result was the Golden Age. All through Socrates’s childhood and early adulthood, Athens was experiencing a great cultural flowering on the way to becoming the freest, most advanced civilization in the world.

The turning point in Socrates’s life came when his friend, Chaerephon, went to Delphi to consult the Oracle of Apollo there. The priestess, who was inhaling hallucinatory vapors, told Chaerephon that Socrates was the wisest of men. When Chaerephon later reported this delphic utterance to Socrates, the humble stonemason didn’t believe it. He hardly felt wise and he certainly fell short of fulfilling the delphic command to “know thyself.” From that point forward, Socrates’s mission in life was to determine whether the oracle about his wisdom were true. He went about Athens, in the agora and the neighboring workshops of craftsmen, questioning the smartest people he could find; citizens who, by reputation, were considered wise.

Somewhat late in life, Socrates married Xanthippe. She was thought not to have a good temperament and was referred to as a shrew. Her husband apocryphally said of marriage, “By all means marry. If you marry well you will be happy. If you don’t marry well you will become a philosopher!” He also urged restraint when criticizing other people’s marriages: “No one but the husband and wife knows where the sandal pinches.”

In the Apology, Socrates tells us that he and Xanthippe had three sons. At seventy years of age, he reported having a son who was almost grown and two other boys who were considerably younger. That means he started having children after the age of fifty.

For most of Socrates’s early years, life in Athens was good. Then came the Peloponnesian War, the devastating civil war from which Greece never recovered. In the conflict, Socrates fought on the side of the Athenian alliance against the Spartans and their alliance. He was what Americans would call a “grunt,” a heavily armed infantry soldier or hoplite.

Despite physical limitations, Socrates walked the talk. He did not scold others for failing to exercise temperance and self-control while excusing himself from the same rigors. He had the capacity to endure Herculean physical discomforts for others’ sake. One story relates how he gave his sandals to a fellow hoplite who was suffering in the snow. Socrates, barefoot, endured the ordeal cheerfully and without complaint.

Socrates always consumed wine in moderation and never got drunk. This trait may be one reason that he was able to resist sexual advances and never be seduced. In Plato’s Symposium, the reader gets the idea that Alcibiades had a crush on Socrates and tried to seduce his teacher on numerous occasions, without success. Indeed, Socrates urged people to keep romantic love in proper perspective. A much better outlet for the heat of passion is to pursue truth and virtue, wisdom and beauty—relentlessly pursue them like a man in love. Ultimately he argues that the most worthwhile endeavor a human being can undertake is the arduous search for wisdom, for wisdom is the foundation of the good life.

After the trial and crucifixion of Jesus, the trial and execution of Socrates is arguably the most famous case of judicial murder in world history. Like Jesus, he is a supreme example of someone who lived by his principles, even unto death.

In the popular imagination, Socrates is usually remembered for two things: for saying, “The unexamined life is not worth living,” and for drinking the cup of poison hemlock at his judicial murder. As we have seen, the two are connected: The Establishment, feeling the sting of Socrates’s rebuke after years of war, made him the scapegoat for its incompetence and troubles.

V. Philosophy of Socrates

To be a philosopher in the original, literal sense is to be a “lover of wisdom.” Socrates was most definitely that. He was not an academic philosopher in the way we understand the term today; he did not earn degrees or pursue a university career or write articles for peer-reviewed journals. Rather, he was profoundly curious and largely self-taught, and that made him an original.

Socrates did not create a cosmology or metaphysical system, as many of the pre-Socratic thinkers had. Rather, he pursued the definitions of terms that he believed were essential to living a good life—piety, justice, virtue, truth, goodness, beauty, love. To define a thing well is the prerequisite to understanding it.

In the pages of Plato, Socrates’s conversations tended to follow a pattern.

  1. Socrates would approach a respected citizen or recognized expert in some area—say, the law. Whom he approached was important. The person had to command social respect. Socrates did not want intellectually to “punch down.”
  2. He would open the conversation by saying he wanted to learn more about some Big Idea—for example, justice—because he was not wise when it came to knowing what it was. He’d profess ignorance about the Big Idea, the what of the conversation.
  4. Never-ending inquiry was just what Socrates sought. Listening carefully to his interlocutor, Socrates would always hear problems with the conventional definitions. Socrates would engage in cross-examination (Greek elenchus) during which he would point out the holes in the expert’s definition, or explain why an illustration might be inadequate or an analogy fallacious. At no point in the process would he nastily accuse his interlocutor of being poorly educated—au contraire. Often he was flattering. But the irony was rich, for the conversation would hold a mirror up to his interlocutor’s mind and reveal that the interlocutor was not as educated as he thought he was. Socrates simply let his interlocutor’s own words convict him of his ignorance.

For the Establishment, it was maddening the way Socrates inadvertently humiliated prominent citizens. But it was precisely these democratic leaders who were responsible for the disastrous Peloponnesian War and irreparable decline of a great polis. The result was not good for Socrates: He made enemies in the Establishment and this would prove critical at his trial. Remember, he either implied or told people to their face that “the unexamined life is not worth living.” That would be taken as an insult. His persistence in saying such a thing led, when he was seventy years old, to 280 of 501 jurors sentencing him to death by drinking poison hemlock.

In sum, we can say of Socrates the philosopher:

VI. Impact of Socrates

To the everlasting chagrin of his enemies, death did not silence Socrates. He would continue to teach, generation after generation, wherever we encounter the Big Ideas—of philosophy, of liberal education, of the good life. We get an idea of the scale of Socrates’s long-term impact when viewing the Renaissance painting by Raphael, The School of Athens.

Socrates is not only a founder of the liberal arts tradition in the West. Scholars who have studied him are finding ever stronger links to a number of later giants in the canon. There is evidence, for example, that Shakespeare wove Socrates’s teaching into Timon of Athens. “Shakespeare’s genius,” writes Darly Kaytor, “is at least in part due to his uncanny ability to transform [Socratic] wisdom into fully realized dramatic action.”[4]

Socrates was a master of irony, of the distance between what seems to be and what is. Socrates often strikes the pose that he knows less than everyone else, when it’s quite clear from his conversations with Athenians that he knows more than anybody else. He doesn’t go around pounding people over the head with his superior knowledge. Rather he lets others arrive at that conclusion after trying to answer his questions.

Some twenty-four centuries after his death, Socrates continues to inspire teachers and thinkers because of the scenes from his life and the way he teaches us today. Again and again in Plato’s dialogues, we see that Socrates perfected the art of dialectical conversation with its keen listening and close questioning. Because of his skepticism toward “conventional wisdom,” because of his ability to question every easy answer, he is the “patron saint” of both teachers and students who enjoy drilling deep into a topic in the classroom. He is a permanent rebuke to the sophist, a rejection of the person who can make the bad seem good and the good seem bad. Socrates stands for truth.

Indeed, Socrates’s life—his witness, unto death, to truth and virtue—would make him a hero to all who value a liberal education. A liberal education is that which befits a free human being. This point is worth elaborating. The value of a liberal education is not just that it imparts certain skills—deep reading, critical thinking, clear communication, and analysis of complex problems through the lenses of different disciplines.

Above and beyond these admirable skills, a liberal education should impart critically important values—the values Socrates taught by example. His life is a testament to the proposition that “one becomes free only through a long, arduous apprenticeship of self-mastery, generally under the tutelage of those more in possession of the requisite excellences” than the students are. These, then, are the ultimate values of a liberal education: truth and goodness, virtue and beauty, wisdom and the lifelong quest to know.

So I end on the question that concerns us in this class: Does Socrates deserve to be a role model for your generation? Should precious hours in Western Civ 101 be devoted to teaching future lawyers, engineers, and business leaders who this gadfly was, what he taught, and why he was martyred? I believe so, and my confidence is reinforced every time I reread Plato’s Apology and the other early dialogues that tell us about Socrates’s life. In Plato’s exquisite portrait of his teacher you will come face-to-face with a great human being—a hero of the liberal arts who implores us to value what is best in us.

What do we value?

Hopefully we value our conscience. When it comes to conscience, Socrates speaks of the importance of listening to and obeying that inner voice, that “still small voice” that urges us to do the right thing.

Hopefully we value our character. When it comes to character, Socrates implores us to guard this most precious possession of ours through the relentless pursuit of virtue. You don’t sell your soul for a quick buck.

Do we presume to govern others?

Our nation needs the gadfly’s sting right here, right now, to rouse us from the complacency in our soul and the corruption in our society.

This essay is also published on Dr. Whitney’s personal website and is part of a series of conversations with the late Stephen J. Tonsor, who was Professor of History at the University of Michigan.

This essay in our series of “Timeless Essays” was first published here in October 2017.

[1] This discerning phrase is from R. J. Snell, “Betraying Liberal Education: A Response to President Paxson of Brown University,” Public Discourse, October 2, 2017.

[2] Since the original lecture was composed some three decades ago, I felt it important to update the historical ranking in light of the world’s larger cumulative population. Skiena, Steven and Ward, Charles “Who’s Biggest? The 100 Most Significant Figures in History” (Time December 10, 2013). About the survey: “Historically significant figures leave statistical evidence of their presence behind, if one knows where to look for it, and we used several data sources to fuel our ranking algorithms, including Wikipedia, scanned books and Google n-grams…. When we set out to rank the significance of historical figures, we decided to not approach the project the way historians might, through a principled assessment of their individual achievements. Instead, we evaluated each person by aggregating millions of traces of opinions into a computational data-centric analysis. We ranked historical figures just as Google ranks web pages, by integrating a diverse set of measurements about their reputation into a single consensus value.”

[3] Snell, “Betraying Liberal Education.”

[4] See Darly Kaytor, “Shakespeare’s Political Philosophy: A Debt to Plato in Timon of Athens” (Philosophy and Literature Volume 36, Number 1, April 2012).

[5] Alexander, Mark Andre, “Shakespeare and Plato: The Poet-Dramatist” (Mark Andre Alexander July 30, 2015).

Editor’s Note: The featured image is “The Acropolis at Athens” (1846) by Leo von Klenze (1784-1864), courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

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Capital of MP (Madhya Pradesh) State in India

Capital of Madhya Pradesh: Bhopal

Population : 3.388 Million.(estimated data in 2018)
Language known : The Spoken language of Bhopal are Urdu, Gujarati, Marathi and Sindhi but Hindi is widely spoken language by people of Bhopal.
Land area : 285.9 km²
Established year : 1956
Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh and is called ‘The City of Lakes’ for its numerous natural and artificial lakes. It takes the cake with being the Second Cleanest city and the Third Greenest city of India. Bhopal ranks 17th on the population chart.

Bhopal was established by Dost Muhammad Khan in the year 1709. After his death, Bhopal was ruled by a dynasty of begums till independence and was merged in India in the year 1949.

Being called ‘City of Lakes’, Bhopal enjoys a fair share of water bodies and greenery. Van Vihar National Park, Upper Lake, Lower Lake, Kewar Dam, Shaurya Smarak, Boat Club are some must visit places. The city is rich in history houses Gauhar Mahal, Shaukat Mehal, and Sadar Manzil and offer a lot of history. The Begums of Bhopal got a lot of mosques to build under their reign namely Taj-ul-Masjid, Moti Masjid, Badi Masjid etc. The city also houses Bhojeshwar Temple, Birla Mandir and Gufa Mandir Lalghati. Other places of interest include Birla museum, regional science centre, Madhya Pradesh tribal museum, Indra Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahala etc.

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Can I Be Pulled Over Based On The Uncorroborated Claim Of Another Driver?

The different outcomes in Whem and Whitacker are based primarily on the information provided by the informant. In the Whem case, the informant was a hotel employee who gave his name, described in detail what he observed, and gave the license plate of the vehicle driven by the suspected drunk. In Whitacker, the informant was anonymous and simply reported there were intoxicated females with children in a red vehicle behind a bar. The Court focused on the fact the informant did not provide his or her name. The Court stated, “When the stop is based solely on the information from an anonymous informant, it is generally insufficient to form the basis of an officer’s reasonable suspicion of criminal activity”.

The case decided earlier this year by the United States Supreme Court is Navarette v. California. In that case, an anonymous caller reported she was driving on Highway 1 and was run off the road by a silver Ford F-150 with a California license plate. Police stopped the truck and found drugs in it. The driver and passenger were prosecuted for drug possession. In upholding the stop, the Supreme Court observed, “under appropriate circumstances, an anonymous tip can demonstrate sufficient indicia of reliability to provide reasonable suspicion to make an investigatory stop.” The Court concluded this anonymous tip was sufficiently reliable because: the caller personally observed the criminal activity; the caller gave the license plate number; the caller used 911 and could be prosecuted for misusing it; and the 911 operator verified the truck’s location. I am no Supreme Court Justice, but I do not agree these factors made the anonymous tip sufficiently reliable to justify detaining the truck and its occupants.

Some may not be bothered by the ruling in Navarette because the stop ultimately resulted in the convictions of two people who were breaking the law by possessing drugs. The problem with the ruling is its impact on all of the drivers who are not breaking the law. Based on this ruling, any of us can be pulled over because someone angry with us claims we committed a traffic offense, so long as the angry caller uses 911 and provides the correct location of the vehicle. When the United States gets to the point where police can detain us for no reason, people will wonder how our Constitutional protections were taken. We will then look back at decisions like Navarette and realize they were taken one case at a time.


A Retrospect: PPE Use Then and Now

In the days of home births, hot water and clean towels - gloves for use during patient exams began during the 1760s when physicians used obstetric gloves made from sheep intestines for vaginal exams in Germany. It wasn’t until the 1840s when Charles Goodyear patented his “vulcanized” rubber that surgical gloves became flexible enough to wear and in some iteration were used en mass by nurses at Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1890s after surgeon Dr. William Halstead published his paper, “The Treatment of Wounds.”

By Amber Hogan Mitchell, DrPH, MPH, CPH

The Evolution of PPE and Healthcare Then
In the days of home births, hot water and clean towels - gloves for use during patient exams began during the 1760s when physicians used obstetric gloves made from sheep intestines for vaginal exams in Germany. It wasn’t until the 1840s when Charles Goodyear patented his “vulcanized” rubber that surgical gloves became flexible enough to wear and in some iteration were used en mass by nurses at Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1890s after surgeon Dr. William Halstead published his paper, “The Treatment of Wounds.”

Surgical masks were originally constructed from cotton gauze and worn by surgery staff in the early 1900s to prevent contamination of open surgical wounds. The first respirators were developed about the same time, but were used for protecting miners from dusts and gases, soldiers from chemical warfare, and firefighters from smoke. The evolution of further coverage to include the eyes in the form of a face shield was likely born from this.

The use of goggles for eye protection likely began in Persia in the 15th century from polished tortoise shells used for sea diving for pearls. It’s not clear when goggles were seen in healthcare settings, but as blood sprays occurring during traumas and surgical procedures became a commonplace event, the need to protect the eyes from these body fluid sprays became important.  For this reason, isolation gowns were likely born out of the common use of aprons and smocks in surgery and nursing, as a way to protect the wearer rather than the patient.

It is important to highlight the origin of PPE use in healthcare so that we can reflect on why it is worn and how it was born based on a critical need.  It is worn to protect both healthcare worker -- as a means of occupational safety and health -- and the patient -- as a means of infection prevention.  In combination, whatever the reason, there isn’t one without the other. PPE keeps both healthcare worker and patient safe from each other when exposures can be anticipated or expected.
Almost all of the time, what PPE to select and use is obvious – risk of high-velocity blood splatters, use of eye, nose, mouth, and body protection – risk of infectious disease like TB, use of respirator – risk of the unknown (aka standard precautions), use of gloves.  What is not clear is when we don’t know what type of exposure to expect, what to prepare for, what to have to hand, what to encourage people to wear.  What do we encourage healthcare workers to wear when those exposures are not typically anticipated or expected?

The State of Healthcare Now
Today, in light of the current national economic environment and immediate reform of the healthcare system, along with new demands placed on it, it is vital to keep workers in healthcare -- specifically those providing direct patient and acute care -- healthy and working in order to ensure the vitality of those seeking care. Our health systems are monumentally different than they were hundreds of years ago and as such, the risks are different and more unexpected. Patients with known infectious disease or infection are diagnosed sooner, live longer and are in and out of healthcare facilities, which means that exposure paradigms shift.
Occupational mucous membrane exposures (including face, nose, and mouth) to BBF from patients infected with bloodborne viruses (e.g., HIV, HBV, HCV) are especially high risk, creating essentially an infusion of infected fluid from patients through the membranes of healthcare workers. The population of acute-care co-infections is on the rise. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infection is six-fold higher among HIV-positive patients (996/100,000) and significantly increasing since 2000 (Popovich 2010). Of the 37 million patient discharges per year (both living and deceased) in the United States, at least 185,000 are HIV-positive and 46 per 1,000 are colonized or infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (NCHS 2007, Jarvis 2007).  HIV is only one bloodborne pathogen and MRSA is only one multi-drug resistant organism. There are many others with the potential to cause human disease, including bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and viruses such as influenza, smallpox, West Nile virus, and others; and bacteria such as streptococcus, clostridium difficile, and others.

Because of the potential fluid to membrane infusion of microbe-rich body fluid, splashes and splatters may create a higher disease burden of significance than contaminated sharps injuries or needlesticks. Prevention of occupational injuries and illnesses among healthcare workers ensures the best work efficiencies (e.g., reducing days away from work, increasing job ability and task completion, ensuring a viable healthcare staff-to-patient ratio, etc.) through the continuity of public and private care. To do this, PPE plays a headlining role.

PPE Use Now
We know that PPE prevents exposures described above, but compliance with its use and availability are marginal.  A longstanding problem in disease prevention and infection control, specifically for occupational exposures, has been poor adherence to universal / standard precautions and poor compliance with usage of PPE not just in the United States, but throughout the world. Jagger et al. illustrate that, out of 367 blood and body fluid (BBF) exposures reported through EPINet, 74 percent of cases were not wearing protective equipment such as goggles, face shields, or eyeglasses with side shields (1998). Additionally, almost half of the splash and splatter incidents in an obstetrics setting the worker was not wearing any personal protective devices. There do not seem to be differences in developing countries like Kenya where obstetrics and gynecology represent the hospital departments / areas with the highest numbers of blood and body fluid exposures and where access to preventive or protective measures are inadequate.

In a recent retrospective study of high risk BBF exposures – mucotaneous splash and splatter incidents (MSSIs) – captured in more than 60 hospitals in a 13 year timeframe (1995-2007), it became overwhelmingly clear that PPE use or compliance with PPE use is lower than compliance with hand hygiene (Mitchell 2013).  Data was pulled from the Exposure Prevention Information Network (EPINet™*) which was developed by Janine Jagger, MPH, PhD, and colleagues in 1991 to provide standardized methods for recording and tracking percutaneous injuries and blood and body fluid contacts (International Healthcare Worker Safety Center Website, 2010). The EPINet™ system consists of a Needlestick and Sharp Object Injury Report and a Blood and Body Fluid (BBF) Exposure Report.

From EPINet data recorded on the BBF Exposure Report, total counts of mucotaneous splash and splatter incidents (MSSIs) were calculated by type: frequency of incidents to eyes, nose, and/or mouth where any PPE was worn as well as distribution across high and low risk hospital department.  Sixty-six percent of MSSI incidents with use of PPE occurred in high risk hospital areas.  Eye incidents (79 percent) made up the majority of exposure type across all study hospitals. There were 152 incidents where the eyes, nose, and mouth were all identified for the incident of which 63 percent (96) were in high-risk hospital areas.
The majority of PPE use occurred in high-risk hospital areas (75 percent), despite MSSIs occurring in low risk hospital settings.  The most frequently worn type of PPE in high risk hospital areas was a mask (42 percent), most likely because surgery or surgical settings are classified as high risk.

Because proper use of PPE is important in preventing exposures, the appropriateness of PPE use was analyzed. While eyeglasses are not considered PPE, they do serve as a physical barrier for some eye exposures. As such, eyeglasses were indicated for use during eye exposures/incidents more frequently in high risk hospital areas (65 percent) rather than low risk (22 percent). Face shields were worn more frequently in high risk hospital areas (range, 64 percent to 81 percent) for all exposure types as they serve as PPE for all exposure types. There were 152 incidents simultaneously involving the eyes, nose, and mouth. These types of exposures are extremely high risk and of these, only three were wearing face shields.

Overall, it is more likely that any type of PPE was worn in high-risk hospital areas than in low risk hospital areas across all three MSSI types. This research disputes statements from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), that risk of blood exposure is “very small.” This research illustrates that not only are BBF exposures occurring frequently, but that high-risk occupational incidents like MSSIs are occurring because PPE is not being worn.

This research allows healthcare workers, the facilities they work in, and PPE manufacturers/distributors, as well as medical device companies an opportunity to translate this research into practical action. It quantifies risk and establishes the need for additional interventions and surveillance programs for assessing incidents. There are newly available and emerging technologies or engineering controls that decrease occupational exposure incidents, therefore decreasing bioburden that can transmit infectious microorganisms.

Though far gone are the days of impromptu gauze masks and aprons – the days of acceptable PPE compliance (whether due to lack of access or wear) are still here. Quantitative research has long identified that though our PPE technologies are better and safer, they are still not being worn.  As federal agencies like OSHA move forward in this infectious disease space, it is the hope that their future Infectious disease standards will make a meaningful difference in reducing occupational exposure to microorganisms that cause infection and illness.

Amber Hogan Mitchell, DrPH, MPH, CPH, leads regulatory affairs, scientific, and educational initiatives for Vestagen Technical Textiles, Inc. She specializes in regulatory and policy issues related to safe, quality healthcare. She was the OSHA National Bloodborne Pathogens Coordinator and has several Secretary of Labor Excellence awards. She holds a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Binghamton University and a master’s degree in public health from the George Washington University. She is a doctor of public health in occupational and environmental health sciences received from the University of Texas School of Public Health. The work she has done on personal protective equipment was the research affiliated with her doctoral dissertation.

Jagger J, Powers RD, Day JS, Detmer DE, Blackwell B, Pearson RD. Epidemiology and prevention of blood and body fluid exposures among emergency department staff. J Emerg Med 1994; 12(6):753-765.

Jagger J, Gomaa AE, Phillips EK. Safety of surgical personnel: a global concern. Lancet 2008; 372(9644):1149.

Jarvis WJ, Schlosser J, Chinn RY, Tweeten S, Jackson M.  National Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in inpatients at U.S. health care facilities, 2006.  Am J Inf Cont.  35(10):631-637.

Mitchell A et al.  Occupational Exposure to Blood & Body Fluids in U.S. Hospitals: Implications of National Policy.  Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas School of Public Health. 2013.

Popovich KJ, Weinstein RA, Aroutcheva A, Rice T, Bala H.  Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and HIV: Intersecting Epidemics.  Clin Inf Dis 2010; 50:979-987.

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One of the pitfalls of discovering self esteem or self worth or self respect at a very young age is not understanding that it is not a license to be rude, disrespectful, obnoxious, arrogant or precocious etc.The fact that you have decided at 5 years old that you are not going to allow yourself to be belittled or made to feel stupid can be a fine line to walk.

Changes in your vocabulary and attitude can lead to a new definition of “mouthwash” and I do not mean Listerine. I remember very clearly the first time I experienced the “mouthwash” that happens with a soapy washcloth in your mouth held by your Mom or Dad. AAAUUUGGGHH it is so bad, so so bad that I can taste the soap and feel the gag reflex as I write this. I apologize for the graphic description but it was one of life’s lessons that I had a hard time comprehending…if I was rude ,used forbidden words or talked back to an adult the soapy washcloth was the antidote and it worked for about a week until I forgot and I opened my mouth again without thinking about the consequences…

My parents wanted their daughters to be very polite and respectful.   I think we all want our children to be polite and respectful but I think daughters get an extra dose or two of polite while our sons get by with the “boys will be boys” pass. The over emphasis on girls being polite can stay with us throughout our life. In family or friend situations we might go last in a line to an event, take the worst seat so others can have the best and never take the last or biggest piece of anything!  So now the question becomes -  is this a polite issue or a self esteem issue or a little bit of both.

How does all this polite training effect our daughters and sisters?

I think it drives a certain part of the discrimination that occurs in the home and the workplace.  Women often feel the need to explain themselves in copious details about how or why they reached a conclusion, how thoroughly they researched it etc…  and they get interrupted by their male colleagues who understand that interrupting is not always impolite but just part of the process of life … and then the woman feels thwarted and just sits and sulks or fumes because now all her work is being credited to someone who interrupted and its not polite to interrupt!

As I followed the recent Kleiner Perkins /Ellen Pao lawsuit it was clear Ellen did not suffer from the need to be polite or respectful at all times.  Her colleagues found her difficult and rude ,and perhaps she was, but for me she was smashing the barrier of polite for women and proving that mouth washing can be harmful to your career!

I know as a successful woman and now a member of the Invisible Brain Trust (IBT) I learned that being polite was not always possible or even required. I think being respectful is the real behavior that should be encouraged. Help me build this IBT Club or Tribe or whatever we call it, to help young women learn these lessons and all their nuances!!!!


Square Feet - Acres Converter

Convert between square feet (ft&sup²;) and acres (ac). This converter is part of the full area converter tool. Simply choose which unit you want to convert from and to, enter a value and click the 'convert' button. A reference chart can be found further down the page.

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Whilst every effort has been made in building this square feet - acres converter, we are not to be held liable for any special, incidental, indirect or consequential damages or monetary losses of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use of the converter tools and information derived from the web site. This square feet - acres converter is here purely as a service to you, please use it at your own risk. Do not use calculations for anything where loss of life, money, property, etc could result from inaccurate conversions.

Please see the full disclaimer for more information.

Converting acres and square feet

How many square feet are there in 1 acre?

There are 43560 square feet in 1 acre. To convert from acres to square feet, multiply your figure by 43560 .

How many acres are there in 1 square foot?

There are 2.2956841138659E-5 acres in 1 square foot. To convert from square feet to acres, divide your figure by 43560 .

Acres and square feet reference chart

Acres Square Feet
0.1 4356 ft&sup²;
1 43560 ft&sup²;
2 87120 ft&sup²;
3 130680 ft&sup²;
4 174240 ft&sup²;
5 217800 ft&sup²;
6 261360 ft&sup²;
7 304920 ft&sup²;
8 348480 ft&sup²;
9 392040 ft&sup²;
10 435600 ft&sup²;
20 871200 ft&sup²;
30 1306800 ft&sup²;
40 1742400 ft&sup²;
50 2178000 ft&sup²;
60 2613600 ft&sup²;
70 3049200 ft&sup²;
80 3484800 ft&sup²;
90 3920400 ft&sup²;
100 4356000 ft&sup²;

What is an acre?

The acre is a unit of land commonly employed within North America and the Caribbean. It is equal to 4,047 square metres or 43,560 square feet. This measurement is roughly equivalent to 40 per cent of a hectare. Interestingly enough, the acre can trace its roots back to mediaeval times. It was defined as the area that could be ploughed in a single day with the help of an ox. One acre is approximately 76 per cent the size of a football field. Many suburban lots are between one-quarter and one-fifth of an acre in size. You can find out more about acres in the article, how big is an acre?

What is a square foot?

The square foot is used as a form of measurement within Canada and the United States. It can be adopted to describe the amount of floor space (for real estate) or the overall size of an exterior property. Architects will also refer to square feet when designing new buildings. One square foot is a bit smaller than an average-sized piece of A4 printer paper. One square foot can be translated to 0.092 square metres. Sometimes, the force of the modern hydraulic press is measured in pounds per square inch or square foot. To calculate an area in square feet, give the square footage calculator a try.

Other individual area converters

Ares and Acres, Cents and Acres, Hectares and Acres, Square Centimeters and Acres, Square Decimeters and Acres, Square Dekameters and Acres, Square Fathoms and Acres, Square Feet and Acres, Square Feet and Ares, Square Feet and Cents, Square Feet and Hectares, Square Feet and Square Centimeters, Square Feet and Square Decimeters, Square Feet and Square Dekameters, Square Feet and Square Fathoms, Square Hectometers and Acres, Square Hectometers and Square Feet, Square Inches and Acres, Square Inches and Square Feet, Square Kilometers and Acres, Square Kilometers and Square Feet, Square Meters and Acres, Square Meters and Square Feet, Square Miles and Acres, Square Miles and Square Feet, Square Millimeters and Acres, Square Millimeters and Square Feet, Square Rods and Acres, Square Rods and Square Feet, Square Yards and Acres, Square Yards and Square Feet,


Visual Security LLCVisual Security LLC video surveillance systems are often used to discourage theft and vandalism, temptation and intention, but such a system can also do a lot when it comes to your protection.

There vandal-proof cameras, created for those who need an IR night vision surveillance system. They represent efficient models able to display quality images day and night.

They are made from metal and other durable materials to resist impact and severe weather conditions. Vandal-proof cameras represent the optimal solution for locations where traffic is intense and there may be vandalism events and other security risk (airports, prisons, banks, shops, malls, residential complexes or office spaces etc. Here, in the event of a criminal act, an ordinary surveillance camera will be broken easily.

Vandal-proof cameras are more shock-resistant than other types, but also harder to open and adjust. These operations can only be done by using a special tool, which releases the fastened security screws.

These cameras are equipped with an image sensor and have Full HD resolution. With their help, you will surprise sharp, high-quality images. Vandal-proof cameras have varifocal lenses that provide a very good viewing angle that allows you to zoom in on an object, for closer monitoring, or zoom out to get a large general view of the supervised area.


Top 10 domestic destinations for rich Chinese travellers:
1. Sanya

2. Hong Kong

Known as the Oriental Pearl, Hong Kong remains one of the most traveled places in all of Asia, with its splendid natural beauty and man-made wonders.

Situated off the southeast coast of China, enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, Hong Kong has beautiful natural surroundings. Meanwhile, as one of the world’s leading financial, banking and trading centers, it also has impressive modern views with man-made wonders.

3. Yunnan

Yunnan is also home to 51 of China’s 55 ethnic minorities, and the colorful ethnic customs make Yunnan a fascinating place.

4. Tibet

Tibet, the Roof of the World, is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 4,900 meters. Located in a plateau north of the Himalayas, it is a mysterious, exotic place for many outsiders. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the massive, tranquil land with its majestic scenery and mysterious religious culture has exerted an awesome draw on travelers.

Hangzhou is located in northern Zhejiang province, eastern China, with a distance of 180 kilometers to Shanghai. It is one of the key cities in the Yangzi Delta area.

Hangzhou has always been beautiful to the world, which got the reputation of "a paradise on earth". The well-known West Lake surrounded by many famous grotto statues and tablets, ancient architectures, has become an ideal place for recreation and tourism.

6. Xinjiang

Known as the home of singing and dancing, the land of fruits, and the place of gold and jade stones, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China boasts for its vast expanse, beautiful landscape and unique folk customs. There are in total over 1,100 registered scenic areas in Xinjiang, ranking first in the country.

In a selection of the best scenic areas in Xinjiang by Tourism Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the follow 10 won the highest scores in public appraisal and professional evaluation.

7. Macao

Macao, located on the southeast coast of China at the mouth of the Pearl River downstream from Guangzhou, is a perfect crossroad for the meeting of Eastern and Western cultures. It is also best known as Asia’s largest destination for gambling.

During ancient times, Macao, a port city, was part of the Silk Road with ships loading here with silk bound for Rome. Today, Macao is a major intermediate port for trade between China, Japan, India and Europe.

Macao’s charm rests in the contrast between old and new, antiques and fashion, traditional and modern .

Located at the southeast coast of China, Xiamen is a tourist city in Fujian province. It’s famous for its attractive seascape and delicious snacks. It has been an important port for centuries and became one of China’s earliest Special Economic Zones in the 1980s. Apart from Shanghai and Hong Kong, comparing to other cities in China, Xiamen is definitely a very vibrant, affluent and modern place.

9. Sichuan
Southwest China’s Sichuan Province boasts a large number of fatastic and unique natural seneries, such as the panda reserve and waterfall groups in the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea scenic spot, whit’s more, the spicy Sichuan cuisine is one of the Eight Great Cuisines in China and is famous all over the world for its richness and variety.
10. Qingdao

Qingdao, located in the southeast part of Shandong Province, is a beautiful seaside city, bordered on either side by the Yellow Sea. Qingdao is a major seaport and industrial centre. To the east, a short distance across the Yellow Sea, lie Korea and Japan, making Qingdao an important port for international trade. In 1984, Qingdao was among 14 coastal cities which China opened to the outside world.

SOURCE: china.org.cn

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Hardware & Software Integrated Solution Provides Stable and Reliable Network Transmission for Dunhuang Solar Thermal Power Station

Date: 2/13/2017 12:00:00 AM

With the rapid development of green energy technologies and renewable energy policies from various governments, solar power applications and solutions are growing fast throughout the world. One such solution is called Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), which is a thermal storage system that can compensate for variations in the supply of solar energy over a single day. As a result, it can continue to generate electricity and supply power even on cloudy or rainy days - even at night. Plus, its implementation cost, product life and energy storage efficiency are superior to other technologies, giving this type of solar generation the potential to be a green energy application that can operate stably and continuously around the clock supplying low-cost electricity. Although CSP has many advantages, its control technologies are complex. A typical solar farm is located in remote locations in extreme weather conditions. They often have thousands of solar devices installed and operators need to know exactly what is happening, therefore network reliability plays a key role in supervising all the on-site facilities.

Through EKI series managed switches and WebAccess/NMS network management software, Advantech's hardware and software integrated solution provides redundancy and intelligent management. Operators can monitor network connectivity in real time, remotely control network devices, and view all power generation information to ensure efficient and sustainable operation of the solar thermal power station under any conditions.

System Requirement

The Chinese has recently government launched a new solar energy plan, and a Chinese enterprise that specialized in solar thermal power generation technology was building its first molten salt solar thermal power plant in Dunhuang, which is located at the western end of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province. This focusing type solar thermal power generator utilizes reflectors to concentrate the sunlight on top of a tall tower and then uses heated molten salt to create steam, which drives a turbine to generate electrical power. The power plant covers an area of more than 100 hectares and the control center must send instructions to the heliostats arranged in a circular configuration around the tower so that by angling the mirrors according to the sun's movement it fully absorbs the maximum amount of solar energy. The solar thermal power technology company not only required a highly stable network solution to transmit the control instructions, but they also demanded network equipment with backup and management functions to ensure uninterrupted command and control.

Because the power plant is built in a desert area of Dunhuang, the local weather changes dramatically in different seasons. The summer temperature can be as high as 40°C to 50°C and during the winter, the minimum temperature can fall to -10°C to -20°C. For that reason, hardware devices must be industrial-grade in order to withstand sandstorms and fast climate changes. In addition, as it is quite strenuous and time consuming for people to patrol and inspect all network facilities in such a harsh environment, it can be difficult to identify problems. Therefore, the proposed solution had to provide software to remotely monitor devices so that managers could fully grasp network conditions from the central main control room.

System Description

Advantech's hardware and software integration solutionwas a combination of a Layer 2 switch—EKI-7656CI, a Layer 3 switch—EKI-9428G, and an intelligent network management system using WebAcces/NMS. Benefiting from this network solution, the digital and analog signals of the molten salt solar thermal power plant can reliably operate at Gigabit speeds and operators in the control room are able to directly control motors and other components without personally visiting the scene. Each switch connects nine heliostat panels and dozens of switches to form a ring topology, a total of 180 EKI-7656CI switches installed at the power station delivers  data to the EKI-9428G installed in the control center. The latter manages all aggregated data and controls the traffic so as to ensure network stability. The WebAccess/NMS installed in the background system allows mangers to remotely monitor and control network equipment.

EKI-7656CI is a managed industrial Ethernet switch that not only supports a wide operating temperature range (-40°C~75°C), but also uses a metal enclosure that meets the IP30 protection standard and comes with a rugged DIN-rail mounting, enabling it to withstand extreme temperature changes and severe environmental challenges in the Dunhuang desert. Furthermore, it offers a variety of diagnostic, controls, redundancy, and other intelligent management functions to enhance the stability of communication and improve network management efficiency. For example, users can conveniently establish a redundant Ethernet network with ultra high-speed recovery times of less than 20 ms by using Advantech’s self-developed X-Ring Pro. SNMP (Simple Networking Management Protocol) allows network management software to easily obtain network traffic and system information and settings, even whilst resetting or turning on/off switches. Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) provides switch information and inter connection status for network management software to query and analyze.

Like the EKI-7656CI, EKI-9428G is also a managed industrial Ethernet switch. In addition to offering a variety of intelligent management functions, it is also a Layer 3 switch with partial router functions, so it can divide a large-scale area network into multiple small area networks to optimize network performance. For example, when a network broadcast storm occurs, the system can significantly reduce the damage by isolating the small area network. Featuring a solid industrial design and IEC61850-3/IEEE 1613 certification for substation applications, EKI-9428G is able to provide high-speed, reliable and stable network communication, no matter what kind of scenario.

Advantech’s WebAcces/NMS software gives full play to the EKI hardware with its remote management network equipment functions. The browser-based software allows users to view current network status on a computer via a user-friendly topology or logic diagram, and directly change the settings of the switch. Its active alarm function is used to prevent small problems from growing into bigger ones that may become uncontrollable. Taking this project as a sample, the system is set to confirm the connection status every five minutes and the EKI switches would automatically send a message to inform the management system. If a problem occurs in any network equipment, users could immediately find out from the computer screen in the control room while identifying the problem as soon as possible to accelerate troubleshooting.

Project Implementation

  • WebAccess/NMS: Browser-based Network Management System
  • EKI-9428G: L3 Managed Industrial Ethernet Switch, Multiple Gigabit SFP ports and Gigabit Ethernet ports, Compatible with IEC61850-3/IEEE 1613
  • EKI-7656CI:  16+2G Combo Port Gigabit Managed Redundant Industrial Ethernet Switch

System Diagram

Whether in a solar power station in the desert area of Dunhuang or other harsh environment applications, Advantech's one-stop shopping hardware and software integrated network solution helped save time and effort in building a stable network the power station to meet it power generation obligations.


Russian intel officers charged with hacking Dems, Clinton to disrupt election

The charges, brought by special counsel Robert Mueller and announced by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, come at a diplomatically sensitive time — just days before President Donald Trump meets formally for the first time with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Helsinki.

Among the new details: the conspirators allegedly first tried to compromise email accounts used by Clinton’s personal office on July 27, 2016, the same day that Trump appeared to urge Russia to go after her emails at a campaign press conference in Florida.

Prosecutors say that in August 2016, a U.S. congressional candidate requested and received from stolen documents related to an opponent from an online persona created by the Russian cabal. And a state lobbyist received stolen data on Democratic donors later that month, the indictment alleges.

russian-officier;Rosenstein, who laid out the allegations at a news conference that began while Trump was meeting with Queen Elizabeth in London, said he had briefed Trump earlier in the week and that the president was “fully aware” of the charges in the indictment.

A statement from the White House did not address the allegations of Russian government interference and focused only on what was not in the indictment.

The broad strokes of the hacking operation had already been made public, but the indictment provided new details and named names.

The court papers say that the defendants — two of whom were also charged with orchestrating attacks on state election systems — disseminated emails stolen from the Democrats through two online personas that they created, Guccifer 2.0 and DC Leaks.

William Bastone of the Smoking Gun website tweeted later Friday that he was the “U.S. reporter” referred to in the indictment who had received from Guccifer 2.0 the “password access to a nonpublic, password-protected website” that contained emails that had been stolen from “Victim 1.”

The defendants used spear-phishing techniques to steal user names, passwords and emails and paid for the operation with bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, the indictment alleges.


What are the top 3 habits that you follow?

1. Walking – I go on regular walks
2. Talking to friends and family – I catch up on a weekly basis
3. Reading – I follow a yearly challenge on the number of books to read
What in your opinion is the idea of healthy mind and body? What are the habits that you pursue to ensure a good mind-body balance?
Spend a lot of time reading.  Keep away from mobile at least 2 hours per day.
Identify and prioritise your important tasks for the day and complete that first. That helps you attain work life balance.
How do you rate your experience with Zoojoobe so far?

 8 out of 10

What do you think?


Development of a recordkeeping system for chemists

OData support
Somogyi Ferenc Attila
Department of Automation and Applied Informatics

With the continous spread of IT technology, software specializing in digitized storage and maintenance of various documents have become increasingly common. Manual work can be made easier by switching from paper-based administration to an electronic one. There are several benefits to this process that make it more convenient, such as faster search between stored documents, or the automatic validation of input data. In many cases, important information still remains in the form of traditional paper-based documents. Switching from paper-based document management to an electronic solution is not a simple task, since we also need to consider the not necessarily functional needs of the users.

In my thesis, I present an application I made for PhD students of the Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology of the Technical University of Budapest (BME-VBK). The application is intended to replace paper-based reports used to observe chemical reactions.

During the course of various chemical reactions and observations, chemistry students prepare reports of the observed phenomena. This includes recording the chemicals, materials used, how much of it was used, what products were generated during the reaction, and of course describing how the results were achieved.

The completed system is a thick client application that stores chemical reactions and related data in a database. The primary goal of this application is to replace paper-based recordkeeping. In order to achieve this, the application can generate reports in Microsoft Word format from the input, provide systemized storage, and automate multiple calculations.

Please sign in to download the files of this thesis.


Parts of an Essay

What are the different parts of an essay? If you do not have an understanding of the main idea of an essay, then this article is meant for you. For students, one of the most difficult tasks is to come up with quality essays in a timely manner, but if some things are kept in mind, then the whole writing process becomes easier and better.

An impressive title or topic

The essay main points include a good title or topic. The selection of the right kind of topic is mandatory. You should always choose the topic that is of interest to you and come up with a quality and uniquely written title.

A good introduction

Once the title has been selected, the next step is to write a good introduction. This is the part of the essay where you have to introduce the main issue and the thesis statement is written in the last line of this part. There is no need to write a long introduction; instead, you should try to keep it as simple and short as possible.

The body part

The body section is one of the main parts of essay writing. This is the portion where you are to give examples and support your arguments in a number of ways.

The conclusion section

Finally, the conclusion is the part where you are required to sum up everything properly and precisely. In conclusion, you should raise some positive questions in the mind of the reader and urge him to answer those questions in the form of opinions and comments.


Challenges and difficulties are a part of our every day experiences, and words of
encouragement are helpful in changing our thoughts to focus on the bright side of life and
expects positive results.
It is imperative that we pay attention to our relationship with ourselves,and the quality of our
thoughts only then are we able to make changes and create foundations of peace and
Positive thinking will make everything else in our lives much more manageable We will find it
easier to deal with challenges and achieve our goals!

Having a positive relationship with our children is essential to their emotional and social development. It is the
parents,responsibility to initiate, develop, and nurture, positive relationships. We can develop and
maintain positive relationships with our children by providing them with opportunities,to
experience our unconditional
love,patience,forgiveness,protection,validation,trust,kindness,understanding,honesty,strength and
friendship. Let them know that we are always available keeping them safe and treating them
with respect.


June 15, 2017
Category: Uncategorized
Tags: Untagged

Recently a mother brought concerns of her young school age child repeatedly stealing from family and school. This is actually not too uncommon–teachers report about 5% of kids <10 years being caught taking from others. There are lots of reasons for it to occur in otherwise well adjusted young ones–attention (my patient has a new sibling), anger if the offender judges some other who they think is rewarded unjustly or disproportionately, misplaced show of bravery to fit into a peer group, or as a way to impress and perhaps offer a gift to a desired friend. Take note–it can even occur if your child mimics behavior that they witness in parents who might engage in something that people often view as small and innocuous like helping oneself to office supplies or keeping hotel towels and the like.

How should one react if confronted with an older toddler or young school age child who steals? First, don’t panic or overreact. Remember–children at this age have only limited impulse control and are not able to project out consequences too far beyond that moment. Yelling, lecturing, and especially hitting (as almost always) are more typically counterproductive. Be sure to discipline in a private one on one setting to avoid humiliating your child. It is certainly proper to express great disappointment and also to require them to perform household chores as penance. Explain this by saying that if he wishes to buy or own things of value then he needs to work for it. Remove privileges like TV or video devices until all work is completed satisfactorily. It can be good to do this work together and if able to praise his effort and performance since, as stated, sometimes these behaviors are manifestations of feelings of neglect or inadequacy. Usually it is helpful to make your child return the stolen object and apologize. This can even apply if objects are taken from stores or businesses however be cautious here as not all establishments will necessarily be forgiving even of these younger kids including with a first offense.

If you are concerned that these behaviors may be repeated try the following: make a written inventory of all of your child’s possessions and review it with her. Explain that she is not allowed to own anything else beyond that list unless she has asked your permission first. It will not be an acceptable explanation that she “found” it or it was “given” to her unless she cleared it with you beforehand. This can take some of the ambiguity out of these occurrences.

If these behaviors are repetitive, associated with poor or deteriorating school performance, or associated with any violence towards self, others, animals, or property it could indicate a more serious problem and should be brought to my attention. So give me a call


Faculty of Arts

Undergraduate - Unit

print version

6 points, SCA Band 1, 0.125 EFTSL

FacultyFaculty of Arts
Organisational UnitLinguistics
OfferedClayton Second semester 2015 (Day)
Coordinator(s)Dr Louisa Willoughby

In the innovative unit students explore issues in the teaching and learning of languages, and reflect on their own language learning experience. Students design and carry out a research project in an area of language learning of interest to them, and engage in detailed discussion in weekly seminars. The unit brings together students from a range of language backgrounds and explores the motivations people bring to second language learning and the effect of different learning environments. A key focus is developing students' awareness of career options using languages and developing skills of interest to employers, such as project design and management, data analysis and report writing.

Upon successful completion of the unit students will be able to:

  1. Describe different approaches to formal and informal language learning and the merits and pitfalls of each approach
  2. Discuss the effect that social factors, such as gender, friendship groups and societal attitudes can have on language learning
  3. Reflect on their own language learning motivation, style and achievements
  4. Explore how institutions such as schools and universities make decisions about how to structure their language programs
  5. Understand key language issues facing multilingual/ multicultural societies
  6. Be familiar with a range of theoretical and methodological approaches to studying language learning
  7. Conduct a small independent research project in an area of their own choosing

Within semester assessment: 100%

Workload requirements

See also Unit timetable information

Chief examiner(s)

This unit applies to the following area(s) of study

Current enrolment in 3rd year level LOTE study and at least one of ATS2681, ATS2683, ATS2676 or ATS2653.
Students who do not meet these requirements but have studied one or more languages to a high level of proficiency are encouraged to contact the course coordinator to see if they can take the unit by permission.


Remember Android?

Android is based on Linux which is a free and open source software. Unfortunately a lot of the user base is forced into using Android as a Google operating system which is not free not open source and is always watching you. Is it time to break away from the Google infected Android ?

Android isn’t your only option.

Are you joining in on the spamming now Pinkerton?!
Tempting me to flag? Lol.

:astonished:. Noooo just useful information for users with more than a basic understanding of the mobile phone. :face_with_monocle:


And it always seems we’re runnin’ out of time,
We’re out of control
Out of control
Out of control

“Out of Control,” The Chemical Brothers

When I talk to New Relic customers, the discussion often turns to four modern software architecture trends:

  1. Microservices
  2. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
  3. In-memory databases
  4. Containerization

Some of our customers are simply trying to understand these trends and why they matter. Others have seen the benefits and already dived in, but have encountered a level of complexity that is difficult to control. Thankfully, the New Relic Software Analytics Platform has added a quartet of features and associations designed to help you tame the complexity of modern software architectures:

  • Service Maps
  • Database dashboard
  • Docker monitoring
  • Cloud Foundry Foundation membership

Exploring the trends in Modern Software

Despite their “modern” label, most of these trends are not exactly new. Microservices is an evolution of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) from a decade ago, which in turn grew out of CORBA from the early ’90s. PaaS was popularized by Heroku back in 2007. In-memory databases first appeared in the mid-’90s. And containerization has its origins in chroot jails, which date back to 1982, when Michael Jackson’s Thriller topped the charts:

But even though these trends have been gestating for years (or decades, in some cases), they’re particularly relevant today because their adoption has now hit critical mass—driven, I believe, by their promise of increased developer productivity.

Microservices are finally achieving the dream of letting developer teams independently build a component once, and making it available to use across many applications without the previous decade’s WS-* standardpalooza. Reuse matters because companies need to build versions of an app for the Web as well as multiple operating systems for phones, tablets, and wearables. Independence matters because it enables teams to move quickly and do what they need to do to enable the business.

Containers, in particular Docker, are addressing another long-standing industry pain point: How to easily move applications from development to production, and across production environments. You can spin up a new Docker container in seconds with a single command (docker run). Since containers consume a fraction of the memory and disk of a traditional virtual machine, you don’t need to spend as much time hunting down space on an available server, or budget to pay your favorite Infrastructure-as-a-Service provider.

PaaS—including Cloud Foundry, Apprenda, IBM Bluemix, and others—frees developers from the drudgery of setting up an application infrastructure. It’s not just the installation and configuration of app servers, Web servers, and databases, but also stitching them together to form a cohesive app platform—while keeping everything up to date, performant, and secure. With Cloud Foundry, all that effort is replaced with a single deploy command: cf push <appname>.

In-memory databases provide a low-effort way for developers to speed up and scale their applications. This is because accessing data from memory typically takes about 1% of the time it does to access from disk. Few investments in developer time pay off as well as figuring out how to use fast in-memory databases to complement slower, traditional disk-bound SQL databases. This is why Twitter runs its real-time service in part with an in-memory database (Redis), and why Lamba Architecture is a hot topic among app architects.

Modern software architecture

In summary, we’re seeing wholesale shifts in what comprises a modern software architecture: from a relatively small number of monolithic apps to a larger number of microservices, from app servers to PaaS, from a data tier of disk-bound databases to a mix of in-memory and traditional databases, and from a relatively small number of physical or virtual machines to a larger number of containers.

Increasingly, a modern architecture consists of microservices running in a PaaS, using heterogenous data tiers, all of which run in containers:

modern software chart

But there’s a downside to all of these trends: complexity.

Microservices can rapidly multiply in number—one of our customers has more than 4,000 microservices in production! Container counts can mushroom thanks to that handy docker run command, and, as discussed on Network World, cattle-style management means that containers can have short life spans. Similarly, app instances can proliferate on PaaS thanks to cf push. And getting in-memory caches and traditional databases to work together is tricky when you consider the architectural implications of CAP theorem and ACID.

The New Relic Software Analytics Platform

So how do you gain the productivity of modern architectures without falling victim to their complexity? There’s no silver bullet, but new features in the New Relic Software Analytics Platform can help:

Service Maps let you monitor the performance of the microservices you’re responsible for and understand the complexity of the architecture that you’re working within. We’ve worked hard to ensure that Service Maps provide relevance by making it easy to view only the microservices that matter to you, and hiding those that don’t. Stevan Arychuk, APM product manager, has a great post that goes into further detail.

Docker monitoring puts Docker container performance in the context of app performance. Without this connection, you could have a meaningless collection of performance stats on an ever-growing number of containers, with no clarity on how any given container impacts app performance. Adam Larson, our Docker engineering manager, describes the new feature further in this blog post.

Database dashboards help developers and sysadmins view the unique performance data for each type of datastore in your architecture. You need this separation of metrics if you’re troubleshooting a heterogeneous data layer that includes (typically slower) SQL databases and (typically faster) in-memory data caches. Stevan blogged about this a couple of months ago, but it’s important to mention it again in the context of modern architecture complexity.

Streamlined alerting is critical for taming modern architecture complexity. Our new alerting platform rolls up all related violations into a single incident—and notifies you just once. That makes a big difference when you’re running hundreds or even thousands of microservices, containers, and app instances. Without incident rollup, you could face an alert storm of epic proportions. Alerts product manager Nate Heinrich explains this and the rest of our newly rebuilt alert platform here.

Cloud Foundry and New Relic have worked together for almost two years, since we made it dead-simple to monitor the performance of apps running on that PaaS. Today we are formalizing our commitment to Cloud Foundry by joining the Cloud Foundry Foundation, as described in this press release.

So while it might feel like modern architecture complexity can sometimes spin out of control, we’re doing our best to help restore a bit of sanity. We hope you like these new developments.

For more information, see:

Background image courtesy of

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Why the peers disconnect frequently?

It seems strange, but from time to time and right after some actions two connected peers will change their status to “Disconnected” in the SyncTrayzor GUI. Why is that?

IDK if this forum supports SyncTrayzor too but as it is the default option to download for Windows I guess I’m at the right place. If not just let me know and I delete the topic.

What are “some actions”? Certain changes in configuration require the connection to be reset. If they connect again and stay connected and syncing afterwards, there’s no problem.

Synctrayzor is a windows front-end to syncthing, e.g. this issue is probably not related to it at all. And also if they are, you are very welcome to ask questions here, the maintainer of Synctrayzor is active on this forum too.


New study shows powerful impact of being represented by attorney in domestic abuse cases

MILWAUKEE -- More than 2,000 domestic abuse restraining orders were filed in Milwaukee County in 2018. Many of the people filing them have to go through court alone. A new study shows the impact of having someone by your side.

The courtroom can be an intimidating place, especially when facing someone you are afraid of; someone you are filing a restraining order against.

Milwaukee County Courthouse

Angela Schultz

"There's only the right to counsel in criminal cases, and only certain criminal cases, but we're talking about a civil restraining order process where nobody has an automatic right to a court appointed attorney to help them," Angela Schultz, assistant dean for public service at Marquette University Law School.

People filing a restraining order only get an attorney if they can afford one.

Carmen Pitre

"Most of our clients who are at or below poverty cannot afford an attorney to represent them," said Carmen Pitre, president and CEO of Sojourner Family Peace Center in Milwaukee.

The Sojourner Family Peace Center started a partnership with Marquette University Law School and a local law firm to offer pro bono legal representation. The project has been running since 2013 -- and a new study shows its impact.

Sojourner Family Peace Center

People who took part in the project were more than twice as likely to leave the courthouse with the restraining order they were looking for. What that means is having a lawyer speak for you can make a big difference in cases of domestic violence. The study also found people were more likely to show up to their hearing in the first place when represented by a lawyer.

"This is somebody who's been trained throughout their professional life and throughout their schooling to know, what does the statute say? What are the things that the court is going to need to hear for a case to be proven?" Schultz said.

Sojourner hopes to expand the project with more partners in the future. If you would like to donate to Sojourner's mission, CLICK HERE.