<![CDATA[Everett Family Law Blog]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2013-03-21:/blog/80332 2019-05-21T10:44:54Z Movable Type Enterprise <![CDATA[Daughter of deceased rap star focus of custody and parenting case]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3739595 2019-05-21T10:45:54Z 2019-05-21T10:44:54Z Many Washington residents are rap music fans who joined in mourning with others throughout the country when Nipsey Hussle was shot to death at his own clothing store on the West Coast. The singer, activist and entrepreneur was the father of a 10-year-old girl and her 2-year-old half-sibling. It is the older child who is the central focus on a recently filed custody and parenting case.

The situation involves the child's paternal aunt. She has petitioned the court for legal guardianship of her niece. In her petition, she has stated that she does not believe the child's biological mother is able to be a fit parent.

]]> When such cases arise, the court typically orders an investigation to determine whether a specific allegation has merit. If evidence convinces the court that a child is at risk in the care of a biological parent, the judge overseeing the case has discretion to determine what type of alternate living arrangement would be best. While it may be rare, an extended family member can sometimes be appointed as a legal guardian. Substance abuse, physical neglect, emotional or sexual abuse are all issues that a judge would find most concerning.

Custody and parenting cases can be highly contentious, especially those involving a biological parent and an extended relative of the child in question. As in all states, the Washington court system has children's best interests in mind when handing down rulings. An experienced family law attorney can act on behalf of any man or woman wishing to file a petition in court.

<![CDATA[The difficulties of divorce during pregnancy]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3736397 2019-05-16T15:01:34Z 2019-05-16T15:00:34Z Being pregnant should be a joyful and exciting time, but if you are dealing with problems in your marriage, you may be stressed and fearful about the future of your family. Before taking action to file for divorce, you should evaluate the ways this could both help and hinder your situation.

Choosing whether to file for a divorce is a decision only you can make. If the relationship that you are in is abusive or makes you fearful, you should always take the appropriate steps to ensure the safety of yourself and your unborn child. If you are concerned about the financial and custodial implications of a divorce while pregnant, you should make the following considerations before filing for divorce.

]]> Pregnancy can create problems in a marriage

Going through a pregnancy can mean that you will be facing stressful health issues, extreme fatigue and a rapid shift in your priorities. Your spouse may also be going through challenging emotions relating to the pregnancy. If pregnancy has created issues within your marriage, you may want to consider going through marriage therapy before making the decision to file for divorce.

A newborn baby tends to benefit from both parents living in the same home

It is very difficult for a newborn baby to bond with both parents if they are not living in the same home. You should try and base your decision on whether to divorce on what is in the best interests of your children. If you believe that the other parent will be a positive force in the child's life, you may want to take this into account.

The stress of both a divorce and a newborn could be overwhelming

Giving birth and looking after a newborn child requires a lot of time, attention and energy. Dealing with the emotional and financial implications of a divorce while raising a newborn child could be extremely stressful.

Divorce can be the best possible choice in certain situations, but making the decision to file should never be taken lightly. It is important that you take the time to understand how filing for divorce in Washington will likely impact you. No matter your situation, there will be a solution that can help you to get through tough times.

<![CDATA[Prepare for divorce by getting your paperwork in order]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3734833 2019-05-14T20:11:35Z 2019-05-14T20:10:35Z You'll have a lot going through your mind as you prepare for divorce. From questions about property division to child custody concerns, you'll always have another item on your to-do list.

There are many steps you can take to prepare for divorce, and getting your paperwork in order should be at the top of your list. Once you do this, you'll feel better about your ability to move forward in a concise and efficient manner.

]]> Here is a short list of some of the more important documents:

  • Individual income tax returns: Collect all federal, state and local income tax returns for the past three to five years. Also, if you're a business owner, do the same for your company.
  • Bank statements: Request six months of bank statements from your financial institution. Remember to do this for all your accounts.
  • Proof of income: The easiest way to do this is with a pay stub. Gather your past six months of pay stubs to ensure that you can show your history.
  • Retirement account statements: Often a sticking point in divorce, retirement accounts will get a lot of attention. Just the same as your bank statements, the past six months is usually good enough to start.
  • Prenuptial or post-nuptial agreement: If you signed either of these legal documents, you'll want to review it and keep it nearby before and during your divorce. It may guide many of the decisions you make.
  • Mortgage statements: If you own a home with your soon-to-be ex-spouse, mortgage statements are a must. These show many key details, such as your monthly payment and remaining balance.
  • Credit card statements: Many divorcing couples have joint credit card debt. There are several ways to deal with this in divorce, but it all starts with knowing how much debt you have.

While these are among the more important documents to collect as you prepare for divorce, you may find that many others are critical to your situation.

Once you have everything in order, you'll feel better about consulting with your legal team in Everett and attacking everything that comes your way.

Read our past blog posts and visit our website for additional information on divorce and related topics in Washington.

<![CDATA[Custody and parenting: Make sure your plan includes summer terms]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3730025 2019-05-08T18:07:50Z 2019-05-08T18:06:50Z When Washington parents file for divorce, it is common to encounter challenges regarding family issues, such as where the children will live and how their financial needs will be met in the future. No two custody and parenting situations are exactly the same. The good thing is that co-parents may tailor their agreements to fit their own circumstances and ultimate post-divorce goals.

Problems often arise during summer months because many co-parents neglect to incorporate specific terms and instructions for the eight or so weeks when their children are on vacation from school. It is quite common for both co-parents to work full-time outside their homes, which can make it tricky to devise a plan that fits in with both work schedules while providing for the daily supervision needs of the children involved. There are several things parents can do to avoid summer stress in a co-parenting situation.

]]> As with most child-related topics in divorce, it is always best to get a court order and to write out terms that clearly define which parent is responsible for what and how unexpected parenting time situations will be handled. If parents don't even discuss what their kids will be doing during the summer, they shouldn't then be surprised if conflict arises when kids want to go to camp or a particular parent wants to take them on vacation. In short, a thorough, carefully devised summer schedule can help avoid confusion and discord.

Washington parents who are willing to work as a team have the greatest chance of avoiding summertime disputes. Expenses tend to increase during summer, so it pays to discuss finances ahead of time. If possible, sharing the cost of summer-related activities may be the best way to go. Expecting one parent to foot the entire bill may not only be unfair, but it can discord between the parents as well. If legal issues regarding custody and parenting arise during the summer, an experienced family law attorney can help pursue a swift and fair solution to the problem.

<![CDATA[The results of the Bezos divorce are in]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3715166 2019-04-23T13:57:14Z 2019-04-23T13:56:14Z Many people across the country have been following the headlines regarding Amazon founder, Jeff Bezos' divorce from MacKenzie Bezos. Readers in this state may have been especially interested because the divorce was filed in a Washington court. This state is one of nine in the country that operate under community property division laws.

As is often the case when a celebrity is involved, the media published a lot of controversial stories regarding possible infidelity and other matters that most spouses would prefer to have kept private. In the end, however, both Bezos and his ex published posts online stating they were satisfied with their final settlement. Many business analysts worried about the possible negative effect the divorce might have on Bezos' Amazon empire.

]]> This famous couple was married for approximately 25 years and share four children. Bezos' net-worth was valued at around $150 billion. MacKenzie reportedly surrendered 75% of her Amazon shares and also her voting control. She still apparently walked away from the settlement as one of Amazon's four largest shareholders.

Divorce can be messy, especially when there are high assets at stake. However, this former couple appear to be among divorced spouses in Washington who are able to amicably resolve critical issues so that both parties are satisfied with the final agreement. And it appears they have accomplished this with a minimum of personal acrimony. A spouse who is concerned about property division or other issues such as child custody may reach out for legal support by requesting a consultation with an experienced family law attorney before heading to court.

<![CDATA[Mediation can help you and your ex file an uncontested divorce]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3710469 2019-04-18T21:51:35Z 2019-04-18T21:50:35Z There are two major financial concerns in divorce. The first obviously is the requirement to split the majority of your assets with your ex. That can substantially diminish your personal holdings. The second financial issue relates to the cost of the divorce itself.

The longer and more drawn-out the divorce battle becomes, the more money you and your ex will have to invest to pay for court fees and the time of your Everett attorneys. If both you and your ex would prefer to minimize the cost of your divorce and reduce the financial consequences of ending your marriage, filing for an uncontested divorce is surely the best solution.

]]> An uncontested divorce involves you and your ex reaching terms for the end of your marriage amicably outside of court. From arranging child custody rules in a parenting plan to deciding who should receive which assets in your divorce, you must handle all of these details before you file. If you don't currently agree on all of the issues involved in ending your marriage, mediation could be the way to work out those unresolved issues.

Both parties have to compromise and agree in mediation

Mediation involves two parties, each with their own attorney, working with a neutral mediator to resolve contentious issues. A mediator can really help in divorce, as they can help break up negotiation log jams and keep the process moving smoothly.

Having your own attorney helps to ensure that you don't wind up agreeing to terms that violate your rights or put you at a substantial disadvantage. Working with attorneys also helps to ensure that the agreements reached in mediation are properly couched in enforceable documents that have all necessary signatures and are ready to present to the court.

It can take some work to find a viable solution to the issues that you disagree about. However, if you keep yourself focused on working with your ex instead of fighting against them, mediation can help you find a middle ground for the biggest outstanding issues and pave the way for a smooth and simple divorce.

Not every couple should consider mediation

While mediation is a great way to keep the details of your divorce private, speed up the process of ending your marriage and maintain control over the outcome, it isn't a universal solution that will work for every couple.

In situations that involve abuse or even one partner manipulating the other, mediation may not be feasible. If one spouse has attempted to hide assets or otherwise trick their spouse prior to filing for divorce, that is likely another warning sign that mediation may not be in your best interest.

Before you formally commit to using mediation as a solution for your divorce, you really should sit down and talk about your family situation with an experienced divorce lawyer. An attorney can provide guidance and help you decide whether mediation could work.

<![CDATA[Washington divorce: Things to know about property division laws]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3697188 2019-04-09T03:31:39Z 2019-04-09T03:30:40Z There are many things that help make Washington unique. For instance, many people travel here to learn about Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes that line the state. There are also more glaciers in this state than any other. In addition to geographical features, there is another particular issue that makes this state unique; it is one of only nine states in the country that operate under community property laws in divorce.

The term, "marital assets" typically refers to all interests and possessions spouses have acquired during marriage. In a community property state, the court considers nearly all property jointly owned by both spouses. This can be a real game-changer when it comes to property division proceedings in divorce.

]]> Not only are marital assets regarded as equally owned by both spouses in divorce, the same goes for all marital debt, as well. There are exceptions to such rules, however, such as if a spouse receives an inheritance that is specifically designated for him or her, only. Also, if spouses signed a prenuptial agreement before getting married, it may influence the court's decisions regarding marital property.

Many Washington spouses have had to overcome legal problems regarding property division in divorce. Some have dealt with hidden asset problems while others have had to fight to protect their business interests. In any case, an experienced family law attorney is a great asset to have on hand in or out of court to help find peaceful solutions to any legal problems or spousal disagreements that arise.

<![CDATA[Child support change in Kardashian custody and parenting case]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3679517 2019-03-26T16:07:55Z 2019-03-26T16:06:56Z Washington readers who enjoy following news of their favorite Hollywood stars may be quite familiar with a contentious battle that has been ongoing between Rob Kardashian and the mother of his 2-year-old daughter. The toddler's mom, Blac Chyna, had been receiving $20,000 per month in child support to provide for her daughter's needs. The former couple's custody and parenting case has finally been resolved, and Kardashian is reportedly quite happy with the outcome.

The judge overseeing the case ruled that Kardashian no longer has to pay child support at all. Instead, the parents will share custody for their daughter 50/50. The parent who has custody at any given time will be obligated to provide for the child's financial needs. Perpetual expenses, such as those pertaining to education or medical care, will be divided evenly between the two parents.

]]> Going from paying $20,000 per month to zero is definitely a significant modification. Washington parents who are currently having trouble meeting child support payments may petition the court to modify the terms of their agreements as well. Such modifications may be temporary or permanent and will be subject to the court's discretion after reviewing the factors of a specific case.

Most Washington judges believe children fare best in shared custody and parenting situations. There are, however, exceptions that might prompt the court to deem a parent unfit. Every family is unique, and each judge considers factors on a case-by-case basis to determine what is best for the child or children involved. An experienced family law attorney can help a parent protect his or her rights and interests during custody or child support proceedings.

<![CDATA[Am I owed more child support if my co-parent is self-employed?]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3670511 2019-03-18T23:01:34Z 2019-03-18T23:00:34Z Calculating child support payments is known to be one of the more straightforward procedures of all family law issues. However, in some circumstances, even this has the potential to become complex, and you may want to take action to modify the child support payments.

If you have primary custody of your child and you are receiving child support from the other parent, the payments that you will be subject to are likely to be based on the reported income of the other parent. If the other parent receives a stable income from a single employer, this should be straightforward. However, if they are self-employed, their reported income might be significantly different from reality. Additionally, their income may shift dramatically from month to month.

]]> The importance of calculating income correctly

If the other parent's income has not been calculated correctly or has not been updated recently, you could be missing out on substantial quantities of child support that could help your child. It is important that tax returns are used to gain a realistic view of income earned by the parent. In addition, commissions, bonuses, and any type of benefits that the other parent received should not be overlooked.

What can I do if I believe that the other parent is misreporting their income?

If you have a good reason to believe that the other parent of your child is misreporting their income in order to lower their child support obligations, it is important that you do not tolerate this behavior. By acting within your legal rights, you should be able to uncover any income that they are failing to report, and get a realistic picture of their earnings.

Can a person face consequences for hiding their income?

A person may face serious consequences such as fines or being found to be in contempt of court. This should act as a sufficient deterrent for any parent.

If you want to get the child support that you and your child are entitled to, it is important that you do not delay taking action. By being proactive, you should be able to update the child support order more promptly.

<![CDATA[Dividing debt during divorce is a common concern]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3669653 2019-03-18T22:01:35Z 2019-03-18T22:00:35Z Marriages can end for a number of reasons. One of the most common contributory factors for marital problems is disagreements regarding money. If you and your spouse have different philosophies about money and how to manage it, this can cause deep-rooted issues, and can ultimately lead to the break down of a marriage.

In addition to money disagreements having the potential to contribute to divorce, these disagreements can lead to financial concerns and divorce complications. This is particularly true if you have been struggling with debt during your marriage.

]]> If you want to divorce your spouse because of the debt that they have incurred during the marriage, it is likely that you will be concerned about how this debt will be divided when you have filed for divorce. It is important that you understand how the law works when it comes to asset and debt division in Washington state.

Marital property laws in Washington

Most states tend to follow equitable distribution law. However, Washington is a community property state, meaning that assets and debts that are considered marital property will be divided equally between spouses. This is very important to note, especially if you are worried about being left with a large amount of debt after your divorce that you don't believe you deserve.

When is debt classed as marital property?

Only debt that is classed as marital property will be subject to division under marital property law. Debts that are considered to be marital property are those that arise during the length of the marriage. However, there are some exceptions to this rule. Debts acquired before the marriage will not be subject to division.

How can I limit the effects of community property in my divorce?

It is a great idea to sit down with your spouse to try and allocate debts before filing for divorce. If your spouse has incurred credit card debts, for example, you may be able to negotiate with them and convince them to take responsibility for their actions.

It is important to protect yourself from debts that your divorcing spouse has incurred during your marriage, especially in community property states such as Washington. Make sure that you understand your rights and to take early action.

<![CDATA[How abuse accusations are handled re custody and parenting cases]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3661133 2019-03-12T16:35:55Z 2019-03-12T16:34:55Z When Washington parents are unable to amicably negotiate child-related issues in divorce, litigation is often necessary. Custody and other parenting issues can prompt highly emotionally charged situations, as made evident by a current case involving reality TV star, Bethenny Frankel, and her ex, Jason Hoppy. Accusations of abuse and child endangerment are coming from both sides of this case.

As in all child custody cases where unfit parenting is an issue, it will be up to the judge overseeing Frankel's case to determine if there is merit to her accusations against Hoppy. She claims he is emotionally and mentally abusive and that his presence is a detriment to their daughter's health. Hoppy has reportedly admitted that he said some unkind things to Frankel in the past and is sorry for that. He also said, however, that she has exposed their daughter to numerous dangerous situations, including incidents where Frankel's now-deceased boyfriend (who died of drug overdose) was present and possibly using drugs in front of his daughter.

]]> Frankel recently revealed that she has some health concerns, one of which has landed her in a hospital intensive care unit. Reportedly, her current boyfriend telephoned 911 when she fell unconscious at a restaurant. In any child custody litigation, the court's focus is on doing what is best for the child who is the subject of the dispute.

In Frankel's case, the fact that her relationship with Hoppy is combative does not necessarily mean he is abusive or is a danger to his daughter. As would likely happen in similar cases in the state of Washington, the judge may order an investigation to help determine whether allegations on either side have merit and to help determine what type of custody and parenting arrangement would be best for the child. An experienced family law attorney can help diffuse contentious situations by acting on behalf of a concerned parent in court.

<![CDATA[How do the Washington courts decide who gets what in a divorce?]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3652866 2019-03-07T01:21:34Z 2019-03-07T01:20:35Z Getting a divorce means dealing with a lot of unanswered questions. Exactly how long will the process take? What assets and debts will you keep, and what will wind up belonging to your ex? Where will you live after the divorce?

The circumstances of each marriage are unique, meaning it is not always possible to predict the terms of a divorce. Everything from how long the hearings in court take to whether spousal support is appropriate will vary drastically depending on your family situation. However, just because there is no clear-cut outcome for every divorce doesn't mean it isn't possible to educate yourself about the most likely outcomes.

]]> While you may not know exactly how the courts will divide your assets, you can at least learn about the guidelines they use for the process. The more educated you are, the more streamlined the process could become, as you won't fight for unlikely or impossible results.

How do Washington courts approach asset division?

Each state has to set its own rules regarding how they handle various issues in a divorce. The Washington family law code outlines an expectation that the courts will use an equitable standard for all asset division. Attempting to divide your assets in an equitable manner means focusing on a fair and just outcome.

It is critical that you work to understand the fact that equitable is not the same as equal. It does not mean that the courts will divide your possessions and debt exactly down the middle. It also doesn't mean that the spouse who earned more will receive the lion's share of the acquired assets from the marriage.

Instead, it means that the courts will make decisions based on the circumstances of the spouses and the marriage. Some of the factors the courts will consider include the duration of the marriage, circumstances of each spouse and any children, custody arrangements, earning potential of each spouse and the contributions of each to the marriage.

Prenuptial agreements or mediation allow you to deviate from the standard

Generally speaking, the only time that your divorce terms will deviate from an equitable standard is if you and your ex are able to reach an agreement on your own that the courts will later approve. Some couples do this by signing a prenuptial or a postnuptial agreement that includes specific rules for how to handle marital assets and debts.

Other couples go through mediation together as a way of setting the terms for their divorce. Regardless of which approach you take, you will likely have more control over the outcome of your divorce this way. In a court-based divorce, you will have to accept the terms outlined by the courts regardless of your personal wishes. However, even when you set your own terms, the courts will still need to approve them before finalizing your divorce.

<![CDATA[Divorce: How to keep money worries to a minimum]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3643196 2019-02-27T16:10:38Z 2019-02-27T16:09:38Z Washington spouses often encounter serious emotional challenges when they decide they no longer wish to maintain their marital relationships. Filing for divorce can be emotionally traumatic, even if the spouses involved no longer get along. The fact that they have shared an intimate life as spouses and, perhaps, parents of the same children means that calling it quits can evoke feelings of deep sorrow.

In addition to navigating the emotional roller coaster that often accompanies divorce, many spouses worry a lot about money, in particular, how their marital split will effect their finances. Safeguarding one's financial future is a high priority, especially when children are involved. One of the easiest ways to ensure that a fair settlement will be achieved is to entrust one's case to an experienced family law attorney.

]]> As parents, it is always a good idea to consider both sides of the equation when making financial decisions in divorce. After all, children's well-being is a central focus, and it is not going to help them any if their parents are trying to give each other the short end of the financial stick. Playing fair and considering the future of every person involved is likely to have the most benefit.

Spouses who file for divorce will want to close their jointly owned bank accounts. It's also wise to create a budget, not only for a co-parenting arrangement down the line but for the divorce itself. This can help avoid digging oneself into a financial hole that may be hard to get out of. A Washington family law attorney can answer questions regarding divorce-related financial issues, such as those having to do with marital assets, taxes or alimony and child support.

<![CDATA[The right knowledge will prepare you for divorce mediation]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3630447 2019-02-15T22:11:34Z 2019-02-15T22:10:34Z Until you learn more about divorce mediation, you may assume that it'll never work for you. However, even if you're not getting along with your soon-to-be ex-spouse, there is a very good chance that you can resolve all your differences in mediation.

The key to success is to know exactly what to expect during the divorce mediation process. When you combine this with an understanding of your legal rights, you never have to worry about going down the wrong path.

]]> The mediator will help

While a mediator does not play the same role as a judge, this person is trained in helping divorcing couples work through their differences. You can expect your mediator to do all of the following:

  • Facilitate communication between both individuals
  • Ask questions to ensure that both understand where things stand
  • Provide information regarding the legal system
  • Identify alternative ways to resolve disputes

The mediator doesn't have the power to make decisions on your behalf, but this person can definitely assist by removing some of the questions marks associated with the process.

How long does divorce mediation take?

This depends largely on the complexity of your divorce and the willingness of both individuals to negotiate and compromise.

During the first meeting, you'll discuss the many issues that need resolved during mediation. This is your time to lay everything out, so don't hold back.

From there, you'll partake in additional meetings during which you discuss the details regarding child custody, child support, spousal support and property division.

Do you have to go to court?

If you're successful in working through everything in divorce mediation, there is no requirement to appear in court.

Conversely, if divorce mediation ends up in a dead-end, you'll have to move your case to family law court so that a judge can take control of the process.

Knowing what to expect during divorce mediation can help you avoid costly and timely mistakes that cause more stress.

With mediation, you maintain a high level of control over the divorce process. Furthermore, you still have the opportunity to work closely with a family law attorney, ensuring that you always make decisions and compromises that are in your best interest.

For more information on mediation and other cost effective alternatives to litigation, visit the many pages of our website and blog touching on this subject matter.

<![CDATA[Issues that place Washington spouses at risk for divorce]]> tag:www.canfieldmadow.com,2019:/blog//80332.3624224 2019-02-13T16:51:31Z 2019-02-13T16:50:31Z If spouses throughout Washington state were to take a survey rating the current condition of their marriages, many would say their relationships are struggling. In fact, it is likely that by year's end, hundreds or perhaps thousands of spouses will file for divorce. Researchers spend a lot of time studying marital relationships and determining what types of issues most often prompt one or both spouses to want to end a marriage.

Lack of commitment typically ranks high on most researchers' lists of why spouses decide to call it quits. This issue can afflict couples who have only been together a year or two, as well as those who have shared several decades together. In addition to feeling like a partner is not committed to the relationship, many spouses cite infidelity as a causal factor in their divorce.

]]> Current data also shows that spouses with low levels of education are at greater risk for divorce than their higher-educated counterparts. Researchers say those who lived together before getting married may have trouble staying married, and those who marry quite young are prone to problems that often lead to divorce. Research information often shows common experiences among diverse groups of people; however, it does not necessarily mean that any couple fitting a particular background description is definitely bound for divorce.

Knowing that others have gone through similar experiences can be helpful if a spouse is considering ending a relationship. There are often community support groups in place or counseling services available for those seeking guidance or encouragement in connection with marital problems. If a Washington spouse decides to serve his or her partner with divorce papers, it is always a good idea to meet with an experienced family law attorney ahead of time.


Thai Masman Curry Paste

Masman Curry Paste - Prig Gang Masman

Thai massaman curry paste

Ingredients 4 Servings

4 pods cardamom
2 inch piece cinnamon sticks
5 cloves
1 tablespoon coriander
1/3 tablespoon cumin
8  Dried whole chilis
1/2 inch piece julienne galangal
10 head garlic
1 stalk lemongrass
1/3 tablespoon peppercorns
1 tablespoon salt
 5 shallots
1 teaspoon shrimp paste
1 Mace,

1 Nutmeg

Prepping Time: 25 Minutes

  1. Grill or roast garlic and shallots with skin on. In Thailand, we bury the garlic and shallots in hot ashes below the fire in the charcoal stove. Roast until the skin is charred and the flesh is soft and cooked. It should take about 5-10 minutes depending on your roasting method. I put them directly on the grill over my gas stove. Using low flame, it takes about 5 minutes. When garlic and shallots are cooled, peel the skin and remove any charred spots.
  2. Tear the chili stems off and remove the seeds. Cut or tear the chili into big pieces. Slice galangal into thin pieces and julienne them. Slice lemongrass thin. You only need about half of the stalk, about 6-7 inches. Use the part of the stalk closer to the root.
  3. In a pan, over medium heat, toast the chilies and lemongrass until slightly brown. It should take about 2-3 minutes. Remove the roasted chili peppers and lemongrass. Add the rest of the spices, except for the garlic and shallots and toast them by moving them around the pan. Roast them until they are fragrant, for about 2 minutes. Remove the spices from heat.
  4. Start with the chili peppers and salt. When your chili peppers are roughly ground, add the lemongrass. Pound until the lemongrass is roughly ground. Add all the other spices, except for roast garlic and shallots. Pound until well blended, it may take up to 30 minutes depending on your biceps and the size of your mortar and pestle. Add the roasted garlic and shallots. Pound again until everything is mixed in and smooth. Add shrimp paste and pound to mix everything together.
  5. Massaman Curry Paste should be dark red from roasted ingredients, finely ground and fragrant.
  6. Keep the Massaman Curry Paste in refrigerator for up to a month and a year in the freezer.

Thai Masman Curry Paste


Commuter Choice Awards - Frequently Asked Questions

Can I nominate myself or my employer/organization/agency?

Yes, if you or your company/organization/agency has engaged in work that promoted sustainable commuting in 2018, you are strongly encouraged to submit a nomination. If this is your first time submitting a nomination, your area Transportation Management Organization (TMO) is a great source of information and advice.

Is it appropriate to nominate someone else or a company/organization/agency that is not mine?

Yes. However, it is recommended that you carefully read over the eligibility requirements for each category and confer with the nominee to ensure you are writing an accurate representation of their work.

Who attends the Commuter Choice Awards?

The Commuter Choice Awards brings together employers, building owners, property managers, human resources professionals, public officials and transportation advocates from all over the Twin Cities. It is an invitation-only event, although all employers, organizations, public entities and human resources professionals interested in sustainable commuting are encouraged contact their local TMO for information about attending.

What is the timeframe for programming or projects being eligible for the 2019 Commuter Choice Awards?

The 2019 Commuter Choice Awards recognizes programs and projects implemented during the 2018 calendar year (Jan. 1, 2018 – Dec. 31, 2018). If you are an employer, building owner or property manager, you can nominate yourself or be nominated for benefits, facilities and amenities available to employees or tenants before 2018, provided you maintained or improved upon them in 2018.

We spent 2018 planning for a program or project that will implemented in 2019; can we submit a nomination?

Unfortunately, eligibility for the 2019 Commuter Choice Awards is limited to programs and projects that were actually implemented during the 2018 calendar year (Jan. 1, 2018 – Dec. 31, 2018). We can’t wait to see your nomination for the 2020 Commuter Choice Awards!

What makes a good nomination?

Clear, concise explanation of what you did and the results. Photographs, diagrams and testimonials from those impacted are incredibly important and will go a long way in helping the judges understand your program or project.

My employer is incredibly supportive of employees using sustainable modes and is also a government entity. Which category should I use – employer or government entity?

Employer, because it is the employees that have benefitted from the programs and policies you want to highlight. If you wanted to recognize your employer for an initiative that benefitted the community, you would submit a nomination in the government entity category. In instances where you’re not sure which category to use, focus on who benefitted from the program, policy or project.

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This alarming map shows what might be left of Florida when the sea level rises

What is storm surge? The potential impact of Irma

As Hurricane Irma makes landfall, storm surge is a serious concern.
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Nearly 6 million people have been ordered to evacuate Florida as Hurricane Irma approaches the state, nearly every corner of which is expected to feel the storm’s impact. The storm is set to bring driving rains, towering storm surges and lingering flooding in low-lying areas.

And in South Florida, those low-lying areas are abundant. The tip of the state was made habitable by water control, making the swampland sturdy enough to build on. As resorts and retirement communities sprung up on the dried out land, millions have flocked to Florida for its warm weather nearly year round.

But as a map from NASA shows, humans won’t be able to control water levels in Florida forever. Only a few feet of sea level rise could put the southern part of the state completely under water.

In the above image, the map on the left shows the elevation of Florida, with yellow being the highest and green being the lowest. (Even the highest elevation in the Sunshine state only maxes out at 197 feet above sea level.) The map on the left shows what will be left of Florida under 5 meters (about 15 feet) of water: Light blue indicates areas that are only 10 meters above sea level, while the darker blue is areas 5 meters above sea level.

Miami, the Florida Keys and the Everglades would be completely under water.

NASA collected the 3D measurements of Earth during a space shuttle topography mission. According to the agency’s latest data, sea levels have risen 3 inches since 1992, with a more drastic rise of 9 inches seen in some parts of the globe. As sea levels continue to go up, that variation could continue.

Hurricanes have given people pause about building in South Florida before, but only briefly: A Category 4 storm (hurricanes didn’t get names until 1953) killed 400 people in 1926 and just two years later another Category 4 killed 2,500 people. In response to that catastrophic flooding, the Army Corps of Engineers built the 85-mile long Herbert Hoover Dike. After more storms, Congress approved $208 million in 1948 for the Central and South Florida Flood Control Project, which built 16 major pumping stations and 1,700 miles of canals and levees.

But even if Irma devastates South Florida, people aren’t likely to move away. More recently, Hurricane Andrew ripped Miami to shreds in 1992, and while building codes were strengthened, people rebuilt homes and businesses in the exact spots where they’d stood before the storm.

So how long before Miami could be under water as ice melt accelerates around the globe?

“Given what we know now about how the ocean expands as it warms and how ice sheets and glaciers are adding water to the seas, it’s pretty certain we are locked into at least 3 feet of sea level rise, and probably more,” said Steve Nerem of the University of Colorado, Boulder, and lead of the Sea Level Change Team, a NASA collaboration. “But we don't know whether it will happen within a century or somewhat longer.”


The Bible on When War is Justifiable, Part 1

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If Jesus calls us to be “peacemakers” then how could a Christian Cabinet Member or Congressman support the idea of going to war? The short answer is this: “Blessed are the peacemakers” is one of Jesus’ beatitudes relative to how believers ought to conduct their personal lives (Matthew 5:9). But there is a distinction to be made between Jesus’ instruction regarding personal behavior and the responsibilities He sets forth relative to His ordination of the institution of government (Romans 13:1-8 and 1Peter 2:13-14) that Christian Members are called to serve. In an OT parallel, in the sixth commandment, the Hebrew word for murder is ratsakh in “you shall not murder” (Exodus 20:13), but note this is a different word than the ones God uses in Scripture in relation to His people having to kill someone in war. Accordingly, this week and next, given the threat of war with Syria, Iran, and North Korea, let us investigate more fully what the Scriptures have to say about war. Ralph Drollinger

When Jesus returns He will wage war against the nations led by the Antichrist (cf. Rev. 19:11). In Deuteronomy 20 God Himself sends Israel to war. Therefore this study is not so much about whether or not God condones war; He does. God’s acceptance and use of war in a fallen world is not difficult to understand when viewed in the sense that often and ultimately He is manifesting His attributes of justice and righteousness through its use. Therefore this study is not about whether or not God is for or against war — the answer to that question is obvious from Scripture. This study is more about the kind of war that is acceptable versus unacceptable in His eyes. In gaining a biblical understanding about this, there is a need to first elaborate on what the Bible says is the role of God’s institution of government. This role must be clearly distinguished, contextualized and separated from passages that speak to individual responsibilities — as noted in the preamble. Failure to make this distinction that Scripture itself makes, leads to confusion, as if the Bible contradicts itself, which it does not. Secondly, in gaining an understanding of what kind of wars are acceptable we will examine whether there is a biblical basis for the internationally accepted Just War Theory. There are eight principles that comprise the Just War Theory: Are each of those supported by Scripture? If so, what passages from God’s Word underlie each precept? Said another way, is each of the eight precepts “captive to Christ” (cf. 2Corinthians 10:5) so to speak? Lastly, a study on war would not be complete without examining the two leading camps in opposition to the Just War Theory: The Christian Pacifist and the Noninterventionist (the latter camp is peopled by Christians and non- Christians alike). How do advocates of these beliefs attempt to support their viewpoints — and are these viewpoints biblically based? As a result:

Examining these subjects in this order will hopefully aid the Public Servant in his or her formation of strong, biblically-based convictions regarding the proper use of war.

The fall of man in Genesis chapter three warrants God’s ongoing need to restrain the ensuing evil in and from man. One of the primary means God has ordained (stemming from His holy attribute of perfect justice) in order to achieve restraint is the principle of just recompense. This idea is first illustrated in Genesis right after the fall. The pain of childbearing for the woman and the necessity of labor for man’s/ mankind’s survival (3:16-17) illustrate the just cost of man’s disobedience — a cost to be borne by mankind into his distant, physical future. Further, in Genesis 9:6 God institutionalizes capital punishment: “whoever sheds man’s blood, by man his blood shall be shed.” That is to say God will use corporate man as His surrogate to mete out His just recompense, in this case for murder. The due recompense for the premeditated murder of another man will be his death: corporeal punishment by corporate mankind. The idea here is more fully excogitated in Romans 13:1- 4. Scripture says in this regard: Every person is to be in subjection to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those which exist are established by God. Therefore whoever resists authority has opposed the ordinance of God; and they who have opposed will receive condemnation upon themselves. For rulers are not a cause of fear for good behavior, but for evil. Do you want to have no fear of authority? Do what is good and you will have praise from the same; for it is a minister of God to you for good. But if you do what is evil, be afraid; for it does not bear the sword for nothing; for it is a minister of God, an avenger who brings wrath on the one who practices evil. Notice first of all that governing authorities (vs. 1) are established by God (vs. 1b) for the purpose of (among others) bearing the sword . . . an avenger who brings wrath on the one who practices evil (vs. 4b). This same idea is echoed by 1Peter 2:13-14: Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human institution; whether to a king as the one in authority; or to governors as sent by Him for the punishment of evildoers and the praise of those who do right. Human institutions (?????p??? ?t?se?, anthropine ktisei) (“that which is created for humans [by God]”) exist for the punishment of evildoers. This basic truth is foundational to a proper understanding of the role of government in general and in specific as it relates to the subject of war. God’s design, the purpose of government in large measure, is to curtail the evil deeds of men; it is to deter the further wrongdoing of man against the weak and defenseless; it is a form of God’s restraining grace in a fallen world. This fundamental purpose of Government can be expanded to include not only the need to protect its citizenry from evil from within, but to protect its citizenry from evil from outside. In this sense, government is a minister of God for your good.

If this is the purpose of government, then it follows that God would expect a nation to protect itself from forces of evil outside its borders, outside forces that would attempt to harm innocent people in some way. It follows that many times in the OT Israel had to defend itself from the plundering onslaught of the Philistines, Assyrians and Babylonians. (And depending on Israel’s obedience or disobedience to God, God would allow Israel to either be victorious or defeated respectively.) In fact, as mentioned in the introduction, God commanded Israel to go to war in Deuteronomy 20:1: “When you go out to battle against your enemies and see horses and chariots and people more numerous than you, do not be afraid of them; for the LORD your God, who brought you up from the land of Egypt, is with you.” Further evidence of God condoning a nation’s self interest through the use of war are the following NT illustrations: John the Baptist does not condemn a Roman soldier for going to war. Rather he says, “be content with your wages” (Luke 3:14). And, when Cornelius the Centurion was won to Christ the Apostles did not condemn his vocation (Acts 10:1; 44-48; cf. Luke 14:31). Their response is unlike Jesus’ in John 8:11, wherein he tells the woman adulterer “Go. From now on sin no more.” These and other passages serve to illustrate the idea that God is not adverse to governments engaging in war; that is part of the reason He created them — to in this way benefit mankind. Again, the more difficult question is this:

Certainly the ancient practice of conquest and plundering another nation for the sake of gaining their wealth and new slaves is not a justifiable cause for war. So then what is? What are the specific earmarks that can help us to ascertain the justifiable and unjustifiable use of war in the eyes of God?

Throughout centuries of discussions relative to the ethics of war usage, amongst Christians and non-Christians alike, there has developed a broadly, internationally accepted Just War Theory. Historically in the Church, the primary believers to tackle the issue of war from a philosophical standpoint were Augustine of Hippo and then some 900 years later, Thomas Aquinas. Augustine addresses war in his classic book, The City of God:

They who have waged war in obedience to the divine command, or in conformity with His laws, have represented in their persons the public justice or the wisdom of government, and in this capacity have put to death wicked men; such persons have by no means violated the commandment, “Thou shalt not [murder].”

Centuries later Thomas Aquinas began to codify Augustine’s thoughts on war into a punch list of indicators as to if or not a war is ethically justifiable. The modern day summary of that moral pursuit follows. Given the fact that some of the best ancient Christian scholars originated the skeletal aspects of the Just War Theory, it should come as no surprise to today’s believers that each is undergirded with biblical truth! In summary, war is morally right, or justifiable (the Latin phrase for this is jus ad bellum meaning “the right to go to war”) only when embarking on it meets the following eight criteria:

Is the reason for engaging in war morally right, such as defending a nation from an evil aggressor? As noted in the introduction, in Revelation 19:11, God furiously wages war against the Antichrist. Notice His principle for engagement: And I saw heaven opened; and behold, a white horse and He who sat upon it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and wages war. This is a glorious passage of the awesome spectacle of the triumphal Second Coming of Christ. Herein observe that God wages war only when it is for a righteous cause. It follows that those nations considering waging war should do likewise: only consider engagement when the cause is justifiably righteous. Conquering other nations is usually a wrong objective of war because God is for a diversification of nations per Genesis 11. To in any way invade, usurp or colonize another nation is the wrong objective for the use of war. God intentionally scattered the nations, (11:8) and it is His intent that they be kept scattered. (Thank God that this Genesis 11:8 idea is deeply, unwaveringly embedded in our nation’s fabric! Our nation possesses the mightiest war power in world history — a might that could be used alternatively to conquer the world if it were not for our deep convictions stemming from Genesis 11:8! In light of our military muscle, may our continual awareness, understanding of, and convictions stemming from Genesis 11:8 never depart from our corporate culture, our thinking as a nation.)

“Just Cause” is the first principle for a nation to consider when pondering the use of war. A direct threat to a nation need be imminent in order to warrant the use of war.

This next principle asks this question: Has the aggression that a nation is responding to, been declared and/ or proliferated by the actual authority within the nation? Said differently, is a nation’s consideration of going to war in response to a renegade or third party covert action within the nation? This distinction helps to guard against and discern the existence of parties other than those in actual authority who may desire to unrighteously and unjustifiably accelerate a war by the use of deception and agitation. It is not just for our nation to declare war on another nation that is not responsible for the evil actions being propagated within its own geographical boundaries. This principle is rooted as well in 1Peter 2:13-14.

This third principle means this: By way of stark comparison, it should be apparent that the actions of the enemy are morally wrong and the actions of the nation bringing the war are morally right. Notice Romans 13:3 in this regard: For rulers are not a cause of fear for good behavior, but for evil. Do you want to have no fear of authority? Do what is good, and you will have praise from the same. The point here is so simple that it could be overlooked: if another nation is doing what is morally right, there is no justification to go to war with them. Relatively speaking, there must be a stark, comparative justification for engaging in the action of war:

For instance, the added plight that America’s invasion brought on the French people was justifiable in comparison to the atrocities suffered under Hitler because it was a moral contrast between unjustifiable national conquest and captivity versus the hope and cost of national liberation.

Is the purpose of the war to achieve justice and righteousness or one of conquest, pillage, and destruction — or perhaps the motives are vengeful? Proverbs 21:2 speaks to what underlies the need to discern right intentions: Every man’s way is right in his own eyes, But the Lord weighs the hearts. Many passages speak of man’s ability to be self-deceived due to the fall (cf. Proverbs 16:2; 24:12; 1Samuel 16:7; 1Corinthians 4:4). The noetic effect of sin, if unchecked by the counsel of God’s Word and the advice of other godly people, can lead to the manifestation of bad intentions. Relative to the sinful proclivities of man, the OT book of Judges states, every man did what was right in his own eyes (17:6) but in doing so they did wrong. Man, in realization of his sinfulness need always obtain the godly counsel of others (cf. Proverbs 13:10). Proverbs 24:6 summarily states how one ought to wage a war that God approves relative to this principle of right intentions: For by wise guidance you will wage war, And in abundance of counselors there is victory. It is critically important to carefully discern if or not the motives and intentions for going to war are just. This can only be accomplished through the counsel of many. It follows then that a nation should not wage war unilaterally by its executive; to seek congressional approval is an idea that is supported by Scripture. Such approval is a check and balance that is necessary in response to the realization that we are often lacking in the best judgment or ability to discern if or not our motives and intentions are proper and God honoring. It summarily follows that establishing right intentions is a sure-footed scriptural principle. Having stated the principle clearly, it is not difficult to ascertain right intentions given Syria President Assad’s blatant slaughter of innocent people.

Have all the other reasonable means of resolving the conflict been seriously tried and exhausted? Romans 12:18 underscore this idea: If possible, so far as it depends on you, be at peace with all men. God is most pleased when parties can resolve their problems thereby eliminating any need for war. At the same time, this principle is often misused by the wrongful party: Is the perpetrating nation using drawn-out negotiations as a stall tactic while they prepare to do evil? The rightful party should not be naïve to this; there comes a time when it is obvious that the grace of one party is being taken advantage of by the other to unjustly delay what in the end will be necessary: the just use of force. War should always be the last resort.

It is foolish to enter into a war unless there is a high probability of success. Luke 14:31 buoys the biblical basis of this principle: “Or what king, when he sets out to meet another king in battle, will not first sit down and consider whether he is strong enough with ten thousand men to encounter the one coming against him with twenty thousand?” When answering the question of the probability of success of entering a war, the obvious considerations of counting the cost must be taken into account. Determining what a successful effort to go to war will cost is difficult, and each incident is different with its own set of circumstances. The point of this study is not to delve into those weeds, but to point out that weighing the probability of success and the cost of biblically-based considerations are vital before determining to enter into a war.

Will the good results stemming from the success of the war objectives be greater than the losses that will inevitably occur from pursuing the war? Luke 14:28 speaks to this principle: “For which one of you, when he wants to build a tower, does not first sit down and calculate the cost to see if he has enough to complete it?” Even though God states that governments are to carry the sword…. to avenge wrath upon the one who practices evil, it doesn’t always follow that the good achieved by avenging the evil is outweighed by the additional harm that could result to innocent bystanders. Perhaps the proportionality of results will increase with patience or further creativity manifest in the timing or type of war utilized. Such considerations going into war are certainly undergirded by Scripture in order to correctly ascertain God’s will in the decision. Using ISIS as an example, if cutting off their supply lines have greater proportional results, is it wiser to do that than it is to attempt to fight an embedded enemy? One need calculate and weigh the costs and benefits of his war strategy before waging it.

All war must be undertaken with great reluctance, sobriety and counsel. Those who engage the force of war must do so with great sorrow. Psalm 68:30d speaks about those who delight in war: He has scattered the peoples who delight in war. Given the pain of punishment, the inevitability of harming innocent people, and the overall further setbacks that will occur to the nation and its citizens, for any individual or nation to gleefully enter into combat is to be woefully displeasing to God. This last criterion of the Just War Theory, likened to all that precede it, are principles substantiated by Scripture.

When the aforementioned criteria are carefully and corporately reasoned and it is just and righteous to go to war, then a nation must engage with its full force, intense focus and all out power in a quest for immediate and decisive victory. In response to fulfillment of all the elements of the Just War Theory when it is just and righteous to go to war, what results can in no way be a half-hearted response! When it is just and right to go to war a nation cannot respond flaccidly with less than clear objectives! Winston Churchill, when faced with the inevitability of engaging Nazi Germany worked through and fulfilled all the above criteria with Parliament. In entering the war, he personally emulated this ensuing right spirit and resolve — what necessarily must follow when justifiably and righteously a nation enters a war. In his address to Parliament in 1940 he said,

Let us therefore brace ourselves to do our duty, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Commonwealth and its Empire lasts for a thousand years, men will still say, ‘This was their finest hour.’ And what is our aim? . . . Victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror; victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.

Churchill serves as an executive model for properly leading a nation into war. When war is justified and righteous, a country’s leadership should never enter into it with “low testosterone.” It is an all or nothing commitment of the totality of the nation in its decisive quest for all out victory as quickly as possible!

Next week: We will examine the Four Principles of Fighting a War and consider several opposing positions to the Just War Theory: Christian Pacifism and Noninterventionism. We will consider whether these are biblically tenable positions.

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bee Revisits 60+ Years of Her Feminist Lesbian Experiences in Pittsburgh #AMPLIFY

Name: bee

Age: 60

County of Residence: Allegheny County

Pronouns: She/Her

How do you describe your identity? I’m a lesbian feminist.

Please describe your coming out experience. Where did you find support? What challenges did you face? I came home from a day in the First Grade and announced that I wanted to marry my teacher (a nun) and kiss her on the lips. My mother sort of laughed – she didn’t know I meant it; everyone else was horrified. So I buried it, of course, and didn’t think of it again for 10 or 12 years.

I grew up being a weirdo for lots of reasons: I was tall and fat, a tomboy who became convinced that I must have born a boy and – by way of some horrible sin – was being punished by being turned into a girl. But that all about being treated unfairly because of my sex — it was about the things I was and was not allowed to do. I asked ‘Santa’ for things like cars and drums and baseballs, and I shunned the dolls and “pretty” things I was given. I wasn’t allowed to run or climb trees or play anything resembling a sport. I loved learning when all the neighbor kids hated school. Like most abused children, I was shy & sullen, and haunted by the intertwined burdens of precocious puberty and childhood rape. I was the kid that all the other kids made fun of – and the one they used to make fun of other kids (ooh, you’re so weird you like HER). I had puppy crushes on both boys and girls but never considered the possibility of romance with anyone. For one thing, it was a sin; for another, I’d be humiliated by my mother and beaten by my father.

As I matured (physically, at least), I mostly thought of myself as asexual, when I thought about it at all, and navigated my teens with outward open-mindedness (it was the 70s, after all), secret wondering, but mostly doubt and self-loathing. It was the height of the sexual revolution and the beginning of the first wave of “gay liberation,” and I knew but I didn’t identify with any of it.

In college, I bonded with another ‘weirdo’ who was even more prone to depression than I was, and the first physical contact was a hug of compassionate support. She cried a lot, so there were a lot of hugs, accompanied by a LOT of guilt and more self-loathing.

We came out as Feminists and (at the time) Socialists long before we came out as Lesbians. But you know, once you start questioning the status quo in one area, you start questioning everything. When I turned 21, a grad student took me to Shawn’s bar (on Fifth Avenue uptown) after a Meg Christian concert, and I knew I’d found my home.

How would you describe yourself NOW in terms of “being out”? Most people know. While I don’t exactly advertise, I don’t back down from advocating for LGBTQ+ rights or from identifying as a lesbian.

Tell me about the first LGBTQ person whom you met. What impact did they have on your life? I had friends in high school who were much more self-aware than I was. Looking back, it’s clear that I had cousins and uncles who were gay, but it was never said, ever, not even in whispers and innuendo.

Past or present, favorite LGBTQ character or creator in television, film or literature? Please tell us why. Molly Bolt from Rita Mae Brown’s “Rubyfruit Jungle”, so named because a molly bolt is a piece of hardware you use when a regular screw just won’t do – because she was the first lesbian character I encountered.

How do you stay informed about LGBTQ issues? I’m pretty well tapped in to all kinds of media.

Describe your geographical community. Yeah, the city passed a non-discrimination ordinance when I was still in my 20s, and I’ve never had a problem, other than the usual street harassment by privileged young drunkards.

Describe your local or regional LGBTQ community. I’ve always been pretty visible in the community, and have friends in all demographic groups. It’s a much more diverse population than I ever imagined growing up.

Have you ever experienced discrimination based on your identity? Specifically, in a job setting, when applying for housing or while in public.  Not really, just suspicious looks and whispering. Walking around the streets, yeah, sure, but not so much anymore – I’m finally old enough to not be of much concern to thugs.

Have you experienced microagressions based on your identity? Think everyday indignities & slights that you experience, but would not characterize as discrimination. Please describe in your own words. Of course, all the time. Mostly, though, I think it’s just that people have a pretty insulated frame of reference; one you connect with them somehow, they’re OK.

Tell us about your access to health care in Western PA. Has it been LGBTQ competent (or not?) I’ve always been very selective about my health care providers, and very honest. My PCP’s office is very knowledgeable and chill.

Are there issues impacting your LGBTQ neighbors that aren’t visible or part of the local dialogue? Not that I know of, although the city’s neighborhoods and social circles are pretty racially segregated, so there’s never enough discussion of intersectionality. That might be changing in the fallout from Antwon Rose’s killing.

What would you like to see elected officials do to improve life for LGBTQ Pennsylvanians? An acknowledgement that there are a LOT of LGBTQ+ seniors, and that facilities servicing elders are often the most discriminatory and uncomfortable places for us. The county government actually does a good job, but it’s a pervasive mentality among the service providers.

Please share a lived experience, anecdote or fact about life as an LGBTQ person in your community.  I’ve found a wonderful community of friends. Nothing like a shared crusade to create life-long bonds.

Beyond discrimination, what other barriers create challenges for your LGBTQ neighbors? It’s not bad now. It used to be that you couldn’t visit your partner in the ICU, couldn’t share a bank account or property (mortgages still refer to two women co-owning property as person1 (an unmarried woman) and person2 (an unmarried woman), and lots of other ordinary things that straight couples take for granted. My neighbors are as “nebby” as anyone else, and they talk behind your back, but they’re still basically friendly, and would help out in a crisis.

What LGBTQ friendly resources are available for your neighbors? Persad, the Community Center, queer-owned businesses, lots of places.

What is your greatest fear for the LGBTQ community in Western Pennsylvania?  Same as ever – that some knucklehead who feels his privilege is being taken away somehow will attack violently. But that’s the case for every minority.

What is your greatest hope for the LGBTQ community in Western Pennsylvania? I love how aware and publically-engaged Millenials are, and how – as a general rule – gender roles are not a rigid box to them.

What pieces of local or regional LGBTQ history would you like to preserve and why? How we’ve always been there, and have always survived. When I was in my twenties, it was still common for police to raid the bars, and men and women would suddenly stop dancing with their partners and pair up for appearances.

What can allies do to support your LGBTQ community? Call people out when they dis us. Don’t be silent.

How can gay men and lesbians support the bisexual, transgender and queer members of our community? Be open, listen. Don’t assume.

What motivated you to take part in this project? repeated requests.

Finally, what question should I have asked? Please also share your answer. It might be interesting to find out something like “What’s the bravest OUT thing you’ve ever done?”

Thank you, bee.

Read the entire AMPLIFY LGBTQ Q&A archive.

Submit your own Q&A using our online form.


Need Help Dealing With Anxiety? Try These Ideas!

People these days tend to be a lot more anxious. Through the evolution of technology and society, the difficulties in adjusting are growing. Even when things get overwhelming, you don’t need to have anxiety add to it. So keep reading to see how you can get rid of your anxiety.

If you’re one of many people that suffer from anxiety, you might want to consult your doctor about it. With the advances in medication and treatments, there are lots of options available to you for treating this condition. So be sure to consult with your physician and obtain the correct treatment.

Music is a great therapeutic tool. If you feel like you are suffering from anxiety, put on your favorite album. Follow each note and get lost in the music. This will help you forget what you’re stressing about, making you less anxious. Having something to keep your mind occupied can really alleviate the anxiety you are feeling.

Anxiety, oftentimes, will interrupt normal breathing patterns, but by changing the way you breathe, you can help yourself regain control of the situation. Gently count to yourself as you are breathing, then let the relaxed feelings seep into your body. To get the best results, choose a quiet, relaxing spot to do your breathing exercises.

Vocalize your greatest fear to someone you trust and take special care to exaggerate it. After hearing yourself talk about the fear, you’ll realize that you sound silly. From that point on, you may be able to confront that fear from a different point of view.

Self discipline can help you to gain control of your emotions. Being in control of your emotions means that you will be in control of anxiety. Negativity contributes to symptoms of anxiety. If you know how to distance yourself from such feelings, then you can reduce the impact of everyday anxiety.

Come up with daily objectives. Work through these goals and and keep a good focus along the way. Keeping your mind occupied also helps to keep you from mulling over negative aspects of life that may invite anxiety.

Keep yourself busy. If you are just doing nothing all day long, your mind usually wanders, which means you may focus on negative thoughts. Just basic things, such as cleaning the home or washing your car can really help.

Focus on the positives in life. Consider making a list of these things before bedtime and when you wake up in the morning. Thinking positive pushes negative thoughts away, helping to alleviate some anxiety.

When you are feeling anxious, focus on your breathing. Breathing can really become erratic and difficult during this time. It’s easy to forget how to breathe properly when you’re anxious. However, you need to breathe correctly. Focus your attention on proper breathing when you sense an anxiety attack coming on, as much as you are able to.

Talk to someone about what you’re feeling, whether it may be with a friend, family member or medical professional. It is going to intensify your feelings if you try to keep too much bottled in. Releasing your feelings can really reduce your anxiety and make you feel a lot better.

Try not to sit down for the majority of the day. If your role at work requires a lot of sitting, take breaks that incorporate moving around or minor exercises. Stand up occasionally. Stay active at home, walking regularly and minimizing television time. It is important to rest and relax, but excessive rest will actually increase anxiety levels.

Take a few moments to write a list of your stressful feelings. You can make a column of things you can change, and another column of things you can’t. Focus on changing things that you are able to, and try not to worry so much about anything that you can’t change.

Never sit too much during the day. If your role at work requires a lot of sitting, take breaks that incorporate moving around or minor exercises. Stretch your legs often. When you are at home, instead of sitting in front of the television, go for a walk or follow a regular exercise regimen. While everyone needs to rest and relax, too much of it can lead to an increase in the amount of anxiety you feel.

A comedy is a great cure for feelings of anxiety. Laughter will enable you to put matters back into their rightful place, rather than blowing them out of proportion, and you will be able to distract yourself from the anxieties for a little while.

If your mind ends up racing at nighttime, try keeping a journal. By putting your worries on paper it allows you to let go of them, allowing sleep time without obsessing. Be sure to work on your journal as often as necessary.

Take action immediately if you experience an anxiety attack during the night. Getting up and moving about, snacking on an apple, or even watching television may help. Keep yourself active and the anxiety will pass more quickly.

Become part of an anxiety support group. People with anxiety often feel alone or misunderstood. By being with a group of people that know the things that you are going through, it could help you feel a lot better. You can share what works for you, and help others who need support.

One anxiety-reducing technique that you may find useful is making a list of the different sources of stress you are dealing with. Separate your items into those things you can control and those that you can’t. Concentrate on the items you can change, and work on disregarding the items you cannot change.

Think about trying natural approaches when managing anxiety, along with medical approaches. Your local physician can give you a definitive anxiety diagnosis and advise you about possible medications that you should take. At the same time, natural approaches, such as dietary changes, can make a world of difference. Many studies have shown that anxiety levels decrease more rapidly when both medical and natural treatment options are combined and adhered to.

An excellent way to get a handle on anxiety, is to locate the source of it. So do you notice yourself feeling full of anxiety and stress at work or school? If this is true, you might be able to find a different assignment at work. If you know what is causing anxiety, you can begin getting it out of your life.

Quit watching or listening to newscasts. If the negative things that go on in our world make you anxious, do not watch them. News reports focus on these types of things because that grabs peoples’ attention. Rarely will they feature a feel good story or have anything uplifting to provide you with.

Partake in a yoga group in order to lessen your anxiety levels. Yoga can be a fantastic way for you to quit thinking about your problems and think about your energy instead. The exercise can help you feel exuberance by creating physical balance.

Anxiety is a part of life. However, it becomes a problem when it takes over your life. It is imperative to help make yourself aware of chronic anxiety that causes damage to your mental and physical well-being.

If you suffer from anxiety, try exercising regularly. Exercise is a natural way to deal with stress and to relieve anxiety. For an ideal outcome, and to get better quicker, a 30 minute aerobic workout is recommended.

Distract yourself when you feel anxious. Try reading or doing word puzzles when feeling anxious. The best way to reduce anxiety is to stop thinking so much, and spend time thinking about something else.

Watch what triggers your anxiety, and name them. This gives you greater control over your anxiety.

Figure out how to meditate. Meditation can be a great tool for easing anxiety. The great thing about medication is anyone can do it. As there are different forms of meditation, it is important to find the one that works best for you. Active meditation is a good alternative if you have issues with sitting still. Try out the different meditation alternatives that are on offer until you locate the one that suits you best.

Find a helpful support group for anxiety sufferers in your area. Oftentimes, people who suffer from anxiety are not fully understood. If you are surrounded by people who are also going through what you’re experiencing, you might feel much better. You can not only get support, but can help others by talking about techniques and tips that worked for you.

If you are a victim of anxious feelings, stay away from gambling. Gambling increases your levels of stress, regardless of the outcome. Also, if you lose, this can create a lot more anxiety down the road from a monetary perspective.

Don’t watch the nightly news on TV. If you get anxious watching the nightly reports of car wrecks, robbery and murder, just turn the television off! These kinds of stories are often reported because they make people sit up and pay attention. Rarely does a news report focus on positive events that occur each day.

A good way to relax is to rub your palms together for about half a minute, them rest them gently over your eyes. This is a useful daily tool for an anxiety sufferer, promoting a feeling of calm. Give it a try the next time you start to feel anxious.

Educate yourself on the process of meditation. Meditation has been found to be a great anxiety reliever. Meditation is something that anyone can do. There are many different ways to achieve a meditative state; keep experimenting until you find a method that brings you good results. If you’re still anxious when sitting, active meditation can help. Keep trying out new ways to meditate until you find the one that gives you the most relief from your anxiety.

To keep anxiety from building up, focus on what is good in your life and only permit yourself a certain amount of time to worry about what the future may hold. If you only let yourself to worry at certain times of the day, you will be freer of stress, even during your “worry” time when you are trying to figure things out.

Hopefully, this article taught you what anxiety is, and how you can deal with it better so your life is a little less stressful. Take advantage of the things you’ve learned. If friends or family members are suffering from anxiety as well, be sure to pass the knowledge along. The information from this article can benefit you and many others greatly.

Think about having a professional check into your anxiety. Sometimes, we do not give enough through as to what is happening in our lives, or we just do not properly care for ourselves. A professional could tell you if the anxiety that you are experiencing is within normal limits or if it is something that needs to be addressed further.


UK, Germany and France urge US not to tear up Iran nuclear deal

This article is more than 1 year old

Three EU signatories to 2015 deal say Iran is respecting agreement that has made world safer and ‘prevented potential nuclear arms race’

France’s Jean-Yves Le Drian, Germany’s Sigmar Gabriel, the UK’s Boris Johnson and the EU’s Federica Mogherini in Brussels.
France’s Jean-Yves Le Drian, Germany’s Sigmar Gabriel, the UK’s Boris Johnson and the EU’s Federica Mogherini in Brussels. Photograph: Francois Lenoir/Reuters

Washington’s closest allies have sent a carefully timed warning to Donald Trump not to tear up the Iran nuclear deal, saying it is essential for international security, and no better alternative has been suggested by the White House.

At a meeting in Brussels attended by the Iranian foreign minister, Javad Zarif, the foreign ministers of Britain, France and Germany, the three EU signatories to the deal, insisted that Iran was respecting the agreement signed in 2015.

The display of resolve came before a decision by the US president, expected on Friday, on whether to continue to sign a waiver to prevent the reimposition of economic sanctions against Iran. Tehran has warned that any failure to sign the waiver would lead to the deal’s collapse, and the speedy restart of uranium enrichment.

The EU’s top diplomat, Federica Mogherini, said the deal, denounced by Trump as the worst ever made, had in reality “made the world safer and prevented a potential nuclear arms race in the region”.

She also said any doubts the EU harboured over Iran’s development of ballistic missiles, or its overall policy of interference across the Middle East, were separate from the nuclear deal – also known as the JCPOA.

Both France and Britain, in part to remain in alliance with the US, have said Iran needs to sign fresh agreements over both issues. The French president, Emmanuel Macron, has spoken of supplementing the nuclear deal.

Zarif did not join the post-meeting press conference but tweeted: “Strong consensus in Brussels today: 1) Iran is complying with #JCPOA, 2) Iranian people have every right to all its dividends, 3) Any move that undermines JCPOA is unacceptable. E3 and EU fully aware that Iran’s continued compliance conditioned on full compliance by the US.”

The German foreign minister, Sigmar Gabriel, said: “We want to protect the JCPOA against every possible undermining decision whatever that may come. It would send a very dangerous signal to the rest of the world if the only agreement that prevents the proliferation of nuclear weapons was negatively affected.”

The French foreign minister, Jean-Yves Le Drian, said: “There is no indication today that could call into doubt Iranian respect of the agreement.”

Boris Johnson, Britain’s foreign secretary, said: “I don’t think anybody has so far produced a better alternative” to the agreement.

He said it was “incumbent on those who oppose the JCPOA to come up with that better solution because we have not seen it so far. We greatly value the JCPOA, the nuclear deal with Iran. We think it is a considerable diplomatic accomplishment. It’s a way of stopping Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons and Iran is in compliance with this agreement, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency.”

Why is Trump hostile to Iran?

On a bilateral basis Johnson raised with Zarif the issue of the British dual national Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, who has been held in a Tehran jail for two years after being found guilty of espionage.

Johnson raised her plight on a visit to Tehran before Christmas, but no further progress was reported, and it is likely that the recent Iran-wide street protects – which hardliners blame on foreign including UK interference – may not have helped her chances of early release.

Washington has been more forthright than Europe in supporting the protests and implying that regime change is a realistic possibility. The EU has focused on ensuring that the right to protest is defended.

Discussing Iran’s wider behaviour, Le Drian reiterated that European governments were open to pressing Iran on its missile programme and regional activities but that this must happen separately from the nuclear accord.

French officials have said they will consider sanctions if Iran pushes ahead with its missile programme. However, EU sanctions must be agreed unanimously by all member states and, unlike in the US, no preparation for such sanctions has been made.

The former UK foreign secretary Jack Straw has suggested the EU consider legislation to protect EU companies from US sanctions if Washington reimposes sanctions over the deal.


Red Flags in Contracts (That Could Lead to Claims)

When it comes time to sign and date a contract, some small firms may succumb to the rush of wanting to get things done quickly instead of done right. Like any and every contract there should be a built-in importance level for going over every single line, every single section.

If businesses of any size or industry opt for breezing over sections and just initialing wherever they see a line, this can cause a problem later in the working relationship. Firms may need to lawyer up at some point if they feel like something went awry in their contract and architects and engineers professional liability insurance is always a good rule of thumb to consider. But before any controversies take place it’s good to know what to spot as a red flag before ink is put to paper.

Here are a few things to look for when going over a contract:

A lot of contracts address that once a business or firm starts doing business with a company, they can’t do the same business with another company in the same industry. In some situations this can make sense, but firms should try to take these clauses out of a contract. If they can’t be taken out, it can at least be attempted to define them as narrowly as possible. If a firm or small business wants to grow then this kind of limitation will be very important.

Contracted Parties

Those looking over a contract before signing should scan the agreement to make sure that the contract is between the correct parties or corporate entities originally planned for. This is vital contractually to determine where exactly the money is coming from and who will be receiving said money.

Ownership of Work

Work that is produced as a result of a contract should be fall to a specific owner. There should be no ambiguity as to who owns the finished product borne from any contract. If the company is being paid to make a product or provide a service to customers or markets, this needs to be defined. If the company or firm is being paid to make something, the payor will typically own it, but it’s not rare for joint rights or continued access to be negotiated.

Penalties Due to Mistakes

Mistakes happen, but in the event that something goes wrong in the execution of the contract, what penalties will be assessed to either party are important to know about. Additionally, it’s good to know if there’s a “cure period” attached to a contract, which can come into play when a deadline is missed or one party is not satisfied with the work produced.

About Walker & Associates


Stress-activated channels

From WikiLectures

This article was checked by pedagogue
This article was checked by pedagogue

This article was checked by pedagogue, but more than year ago.

Signature:  Carmeljcaruana (talk)

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What are stress-activated channels?[✎ edit | edit source]

Stress-activated channels are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stimuli. This means they can be activated for example by movement or pressure, which leads e.g. to opening and closing of the channels. Stress-activated channels are also called mechanosensitive (ion) channels (MSCs) and function as mechanotransducers which are capable of generating both electrical and ion flux signals as a response to external or internal stimuli. MCSs are the basis of the senses of hearing and touch and in addition sense the stress needed for muscular coordination.

Where do we find them?[✎ edit | edit source]

Stress-activated ion channels perform important functions in many different areas of our body. For example require pressure-dependent myogenic constriction resistance arteries these channels for regulation in the smooth muscle of the arteries. They have been found to be used for volume sensing in animals and blood pressure regulation. Bacteria have been shown to relieve hydrostatic pressure through those channels. They are also found in the human ear, where they perform the transmission of the soundwave signal into an electric signal which then is lead to the brain. In the inner ear we find the cochlea containing the organ of corti. This organ contains the cells responsible for hearing, the hair cells. The bottom of these cells is attached to the basilar membrane, and the stereocilia (“hairs”) are in contact with the tectorial membrane. Stress-activated channels are present in the membrane of the stereocilia and change the mechanical acoustic wave signal into an impulse/action potential that can then be transmitted to the brain resulting in actual hearing.

How does it work?[✎ edit | edit source]

Outer hair cells have a special function within the cochlea, where sound waves cause the basilar membrane to vibrate up and down, which creates a shearing force between the basilar membrane and the tectorial membrane, causing the stereocilia to bend back and forth. This movement of the cells opens the mechanosensitive potassium channels of the stereocilia causing positively chaged potassium ions to flow into the hair cells. This increases the membrane potential, causing other voltage gated calcium channels in the hair cell membrane to open and letting calcium ions flow into the cell too. The calcium ions are now the trigger causing neurotransmitter release and stimulating the auditory nerve which then sends the sound signals as an action potential to the brain which then can interprete it as e.g. music or speech.

What makes them so important and where problems can occur?[✎ edit | edit source]

The movement of the haircells and thus the opening of stress-activated potassium channels in our ears provide the converting of a wave signal into an electirc signal that the brain can understand which is why they are one of the most important parts of the sence of hearing. They allow us to hear even very quiet sounds but when they are exposed to loud music or noise, the hair cells can be seriously damaged. Loud sounds are large pressure waves, which can bend the stereocilia too far and permanently damage them. Cochlear hair cells cannot grow back which then leads to a loss of hearing.

References:[✎ edit | edit source]

Baylor College of Medicine,

Leslie Samuel,

Leslie Samuel,

Brandon Pletsch,

Animacionesplus (Youtube channel),


Tuesday, 23 April, 2019

Largest T-Rex yet found ‘lived violent life’

Scotty the T. rex Scotty the T. rex
Sandy Nunez | 28 March, 2019, 19:12

Some individuals were lankier than others and some were more robust. Their study of Scotty was the first to take detailed measurements, and to compare the specimen to other known T. rex fossils, including the famous "Sue", once considered the biggest T. rex skeleton ever found.

"Multiple measurements (including those of the skull, hip, and limbs) show that [the fossil] was a robust individual with an estimated body mass exceeding all other known T. rex specimens and representatives of all other enormous terrestrial theropods", the article reads.

The world's largest Tyrannosaurus Rex was almost as long as an 18-wheeler and weighed as much as four cars combined, according to paleontologists at the University of Alberta.

The record-breaking T-Rex was likely 42 feet long and may have weighed almost 10 tons. Scotty was originally uncovered way back in 1991, but its bones were so embedded in the hard rock that it has taken over a decade and a half for scientists to piece it together into a larger form that could be studied.

"This is the rex of rexes", said Scott Persons, lead author of the study and postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Biological Sciences.

The huge predator lived about 66 million years ago, and despite having made it to a relatively old age, dying in its early 30s, researchers estimated it suffered some bumps and bruises along the way.

50-year-old pleads guilty to duping Facebook, Google
In a NY court, he pled guilty to one count of wire fraud under an agreement with prosecutors in front of U.S. Rimasauskas founded a company called Quanta Computer in Latvia to make the emails appear more convincing.

Researchers estimate Scotty was about 42 feet long and weighed about 10 tons, and is the largest T-Rex ever known to roam the earth.

Only when Scotty was completely unearthed and fully assembled were the researchers able to complete their investigation. "It would not surprise me that those animals turn out to increase the range of body size, potentially to overlap or even surpass what we know from T-Rex". Discovered in 1990 in South Dakota, Sue weighed in at 18,651 pounds (8,460 kg), around 5 percent lighter than Scotty.

Why it matters: "The find suggests that large predatory dinosaurs probably got older and bigger than paleontologists would have surmised based on now available fossils".

Size isn't Scotty's only claim to fame.

The draft version of the paper also revealed there is no evidence to indicate that Scotty was male or female, and was likely greater than 28 years old at the time of death. In the sub-tropical coastal climate, he suffered from injuries such as a broken and healed rib, a dental infection and may have got into a scuffle with a fellow T. rex - a few tailbones were broken.

A new exhibit featuring the skeleton of Scotty is scheduled to open at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum in May.


Building an AI (part 1)

Hi again,

After being in hiatus for quite some time I’ve gotten back to programming a bit. I guess there is an ebb and flow with everything.

Back in November I was looking into how I could be Building an AI with ASyncTask, but I never got to feed the thing some rules with regards to how to play the game. This I aim to remedy now. Since this could get pretty lengthy I’m planning a short series as I go though the process of building an AI for the dice game “10.000”.

Choosing a method for problem solving

Building an AI can be done in different ways. I haven’t explored the topic that much, but I could see going about problem solving in different ways; neural networks or some other kinds of fuzzy logic, search algorithms or a basic heuristic. I do however have some programming experience with heuristics and I believe that, since we’re talking about a limited problem space like this a heuristic can do the job just fine.

One of the issues at hand is whether or not we want to get the optimal solution i.e. winning as fast as possible. I can see an argument for building an AI that can do this, but I don’t think it would be very fun to play against. The probability built into the game somewhat remedies this, but the AI should strike a balance between being challenging to play against and still being beatable. Another plus for using a heuristic is that they can be made to give us an answer in short time consistently, thus giving the user a better experience.

A basic set of rules

When implementing the heuristic I need to come up with some rules that it will consist of. In principle I want the AI mimics the process of a human player asking himself a set of questions at every decision point during his turn and answering them based on a predefined logic (as humans we have the advantage of being able to adjust our evaluation during a game, whereas my AI will have a fixed set of rules).

Questions you could be asking yourself?

  • What is the probability of being able to make points with X dices?
  • What is the reward for rolling the dices?
  • What is the risk for rolling the dices?
  • Is it the last round and do I have the most points?

Joining these together my heuristic becomes:

Rule A) If my chance of success times the reward for rolling the dices is bigger than the chance of failure times the risk, then roll the dice. Otherwise bank the points (if able)

Rule B) If it is the last round and I haven’t got the most points, then keep rolling.

What remains to be done?

For now I’ve established a basic set of rules. To determine whether or not the AI should keep rolling I need to feed some numbers into rule A. These numbers I’ll try and calculate in my next post using statistical analysis.

That’s it for now 🙂

EDIT: To read part 2 go here.

A few updates for the 10.000 dice game

Just a few days after the “10.000” app went on Google Play, I’ve added a new version. Well, I actually added two!

Change notes for the two versions are shown here;

Version 1.2 changes
– Improved layout for 7″ screens
– Fixed a graphics error on buttons

Version 1.1 changes
– Fixed a bug for xhdpi devices where background was not being shown
– Added a replay dialog when you finish a game

What’s next?
I also noted more things I want to change in the app, but I can’t promise you that they’ll be ready anytime soon, but consider the following a letter of intent 😉
Amongst these changes are:
– 10″ screen improved layout
– Dialog popup when you can’t lock any dices for points
– Better rules explanations, including the optional rules
– Translations into other languages
– Computer opponent

Hopefully I’ll be able to deliver all this soon 🙂

10.000 not quite ready yet

Hi again

My work on the “10.000” game is making good progress, but it not quite ready for the public eye yet. I got the model finished, but the GUI has posed a few problems that I haven’t gotten solved yet.
I’m hoping that it won’t take more than a few weeks to get it done, so that I can put it on Google Play.

Happy Easter everyone 🙂