The old house

How To Make Compost for Your Garden

In gardening, when you recycle the waste you create compost. It is really that simple to understand. Composting is not a new concept. It is one of the established conventional methods of recycling waste and almost every gardener knows this.The process of composting or recycling waste is based on a type of chemical reaction in which the micro-organisms present in the soil break down this waste in to a different soil which has crumble natured typical smelling properties. When this chemically transformed and naturally converted soil, popularly known as the “compost”, is added to the soil then it helps increasing the fertility of soil and stimulates healthier root development among the plants.

Compost is also a variety of garden mulch. It is easy to make compost for your garden yourself. You just need to follow few simple steps to make compost.

Collect Suitable Composting Material

I wish I could give you a set recipe for ideal compost. It mainly depends upon the micro-organisms present in the soil. You can only make your best efforts to provide an ideal set of conditions which will facilitate these micro-organisms work with maximum efficiency. There are two extremely important conditions that you should ensure while making compost. Proper heat and good aeration are two factors that you always can provide. Micro-organisms generate heat themselves during the process of composting and this plays an important role in the conversion of organic material.

Waste material from only healthy plants should be your priority while collecting it. Dock seed head, dandelion roots, couch and oxalis are some of the materials you should never use because these materials are likely to survive the process of composting. Similarly, food scraps of dairy products, meat and bones are also unsuitable for compost making.

Here are some of commonly and easily available composting materials include grass clippings, leaves, pruning’s, fruit and vegetable scraps, tea leaves, coffee grounds, thin layered animal manure, seaweed, and thin layered wood ash.

Get a good Compost Bin

You need a little free space for making a compost bin. An area with one square meter (1sq.m or 1 meter X 1 meter) which is safe from direct sunlight, winds, and rain would be the most suitable for this purpose. Ensure that the soil is well drained. You should not place the compost bin on any cemented or concrete surface because it will prevent earthworms penetrating in to compost to act as an agent of chemical conversion. It will also forbid the aeration of compost bin. You must make the compost bin at a sufficient distance from your living area.

Now a day’s several types of readymade compost bins are available at garden stores. Choose the one that suits you best. A plastic or wooden compost bin could also be preferred. You must check if the compost bin of your choice has a tight fitting lid. This would keep the unwanted vermin’s and rain water away from the compost bin.

Start Preparing Compost

Once you have selected the right place and placed the compost bin in to it you are ready to start with making compost now. First step would be to break up the topsoil and add chopped coarse garden material that you have already collected. While placing this material in to the compost bin ensure proper aeration and drainage. Any material which is more than 5mm in diameter would not be suitable. Cut this up in to smaller pieces. Micro-organisms badly require air and moisture to break down this organic material. So, smaller sized material would be easier for these micro-organisms to work with.

Observe that there is enough moisture content in the compost bin. In case you see any deficiency, add water to maintain the level of moisture. Make sure that water does not become too much as it will make the compost sloppy, smelly. Any access of water will slow down or break down the process of composting.

Fill the Compost Bin

Composting material when ready must be arranged properly in the bin. You would be required to put this material in layers and ensure that it is enough coarse. First layer of this material will have an upper layer of vegetable peelings, grass clippings, and plant material. You should sprinkle each layer with blood, bone and the compost activators. It would be better if you add a little lime to the material for each layer as this keep a good smell of finished compost. It will also keep the decomposition process at fast pace. Then add a layer of soil on the top of this.

You would be required to repeat the same pattern of layering until the compost bin is full

Work With the Process

It will take almost two week’s time to get the composting material cooled down. Keep taking care and finally after two weeks turn the material over as this would enhance the level of aeration which will speed up the process of composting. Add water in case you observe that the material is dry and need more moisture. Once you’ve done this, it is time to shift the material in composting bin. You must ensure that incomplete and decomposed material has not been used without cutting it down to required size. If it does remains out then better keep it for the next round of composting.

Know How and When To Use Your Compost

Normally the composting process consumes two to five months but it mainly depends upon the season and time of the year. During summers the process gains higher speed while in winters it slows down. In any case, you must know that once all the above steps have been followed carefully, this process will automatically produce good compost for your garden.

When the compost is cooled down, it is ready to use. Ensure that it does not get hot when turning it over. This is a good indicator of the readiness of the compost. You should never use the hot compost to your garden as it will cause severe damages to the young plants.

When you take out the compost out of the compost bin test that it is crumbly, dark brown to almost black in color and has an earthy musty smell. If it is so, mix it with soil and spread it around plants, vegetables, and shrubs in your garden.

Your compost will give you good smiling results in time

Go Back


The OSI Group Different World View

The OSI Group is certain that if you let your imagination run wild and go completely negative you can stay that way and eventually lose your peace of mind. The OSI Group has seen that we all want to have a good, enjoyable life but the fact of the matter is that we will be faced with unpleasant situations.

The OSI Group has seen its fair share of different troubles much like many other companies in the course of its history.

But there is one thing that differentiates the OSI Group from others.

See that special thing is something that everyone can learn from in their own lives as well.

It is something that can help to change a life and a view of the world.

What matters is how we handle those situations and what we learn from them. Instead of dwelling on the negatives instead of focusing on the positives you can eventually turn into someone who works hard and stays true to contributing to the real world.

Being able to show that the company will strive to minimize losses in the short term while investing in the future in this environment will certainly be to the liking of investors.

At the same time, investors need to know that companies will be able to show that they are getting to a specific path of profitability by managing capital in the best way possible. Scale always plays a role in the making of an empire, as a matter of fact, the scale is what makes an empire an empire. With a proper scale, a company can act as a cash generating machine.

A key component of any business is the right hires. With the right people, a company can generate real value, as such, it is important for a company to measure the value of their people by the revenues that they generate today and what they can contribute in the future. If a company is able to attach contribution of individual labor to their compensation via equity in the company, then the company might see proper gains. Incentives are aligned. OSI buys former Tyson Foods plant on South Side for $7.4M


James Otis: Protector of American Rights

James Otis, though “one of the most passionate and effective protectors of American rights,” is little remembered, because at the peak of his influence, mental illness took virtually everything from him.

When the British crown created writs of assistance, broad search warrants enabling customs officials to enter any business or home without advance notice, probable cause or reason in search of contraband, to crack down on smuggling, which Britain’s onerous trade restrictions had turned many to, Otis resigned his post prosecuting that offense, then represented Boston merchants’ efforts against them. For five hours, he argued that they violated citizens’ natural rights, putting them beyond Parliament’s powers. John Adams said “the child independence was then and there born.”

Otis lost the case, but public wrath kept officials from employing the writs. Otis role then grew with American grievances. He led the Massachusetts committee of correspondence in 1764. He wrote pamphlets. He wrote against Parliament’s power to tax colonists, particularly in The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved, and was a leader at the Stamp Act Congress. Otis and Samuel Adams pened a circular to enlist other colonies in resisting the Townshend Duties. Then bouts of mental illness ended his contributions. Yet we can still profit from revisiting his insights that helped create America on his February 5 birthday.

[We] are by the law of nature free born, as indeed all man are…

A man is accountable to no person for his doings.

[O]ne of the most essential branches of…liberty is the freedom of one’s house.

Everyone with this writ may be a tyrant…

All precedents are under the control of the principles of the law…An act against the Constitution is void; an act against natural equity is void.

Every British Subject…is by the law of God and nature, by the common law, and by act of parliament entitled to all the natural, essential, inherent and inseparable rights of our fellow subjects in Great-Britain.

The end of government being the good of mankind…It is above all things to provide for the security, the quiet, and happy enjoyment of life, liberty, and property. There is no one act which a government can have a right to make, that does not tend to the advancement of the security, tranquility and prosperity of the people. If life, liberty and property could be enjoyed in as great perfection in solitude, as in society, there would be no need of government. But…[men] cannot live together without contests…The necessity of a common, indifferent and impartial judge, makes all men seek one; though few find him in the sovereign power of their respective states…

[Those] on whom the sovereignty is conferred by the people shall incessantly consult their good. Tyranny of all kinds is to be abhorred, whether it be in the hands of one, or of the few, or of the many.

[Even] if every prince…had been a tyrant, it would not prove a right to tyrannize. There can be no prescription old enough to supersede the law of nature, and the grant of God almighty; who has given to all men a natural right to be free, and they have it ordinarily in their power to make themselves so, if they please.

Whenever the administrators, in any [government], deviate from truth, justice and equity, they verge towards tyranny, and are to be opposed…

Taxation without representation is tyranny.

If we are not represented, we are slaves.

James Otis had a sad end. Today, sadder is how his mental instability has undermined our appreciation of his contributions to America’s creation. In a world where every disability must be accommodated, his reputation deserves rehabilitation.


St Nectans Glen Woodland Walk in Cornwall

This must be Cornwall’s best-kept secret. Across the main road from the car park in Trethevy, up to the right past the inscribed Roman pillar on the roadside by St. Piran’s, a former monastery, and on past some houses before you start the magical journey through St. Nectan’s Glen. You will enter a different world of deep tranquillity as you make your way along the edge of the river which meanders, sometimes rushing, over moss-covered rocks and pebbles under the most amazing canopy of ancient woodland.

As you progress along paths and slate beds worn into steps over hundreds of years, you will be able to hear the distant murmur of the waterfall. Don’t rush your journey; pause awhile here and there to absorb the glory of this place. Lose yourself in the amazing beauty, with a sense of time suspended and time eternal, with the wind through the trees, bird song, and the music of the water itself.

As you walk along the valley, over paths formed by the feet of countless travellers, amongst undergrowth following the contours imposed by the landscape, many a spot of quiet beauty invites you to pause; and reflecting, you feel that there is poetry in the air. Then, catching the murmur of the waters, the spell is broken, and you stride forward anxious to reach the holy “Kieve”, to visit the saint’s hermitage.

Finally wander down to the Waterfall and experience one of Cornwall’s hidden treasures, one of natures beauties unspoilt by man. Whether you’re on a pilgrimage or a day out the reward is in natures embrace.

Please be aware, the walk is a nature walk and some parts may not be suitable for push chairs and those that find walking difficult


Crystal Clear CorelDraw: The Transparency tool

Start by opening a new document in CorelDraw and make two overlapping rectangles, filling each with a solid color, one red and one blue for instance. One of those two colors will appear in front of the other since each will contain a solid, opaque color.

There is a group of tools in the Toolbar whose default tool is the Blend tool, but which also contains the Contour tool along with several others, including the Transparency tool. The icon resembles a wine glass.

Make sure the front rectangle is selected then click on the Transparency tool in the toolbar. You will see the Properties bar above change, and in it you will see a rectangle with the word None inside with an arrow to the right that opens a dropdown menu. Since you have filled the selected rectangle with a solid color, choose Uniform from the dropdown menu, indicating that you want to apply the transparency to a uniform fill.

The box to the right of the dropdown menu displays the word Normal. This, too, is a dropdown menu, giving you a whole set of options regarding how you want the transparency to affect the solid color. For now, leave it set at Normal.

To the right of Normal in what is called the Transparency Operation dropdown menu is a slider with a box to the right of it showing the degree of transparency with 50 percent being the default. The rectangle to the front has changed as a result of using the Transparency tool at these settings—whatever solid color it held has had its opacity reduced by 50 percent. On the white background the color is now half of the opacity of the original color. Where it overlaps is also half of the opacity of the original color, but now the color of the other rectangle is bleeding through, creating a new color mixture. That’s a pretty simple operation producing a pretty significant effect.

—Jim Sadler


HC Deb 20 March 1928 vol 215 cc200-1

asked the Minister of Transport if he is aware that the Great Western Railway Company have discontinued the passenger train service on the branch line between Blackmill and Gilfach Goch, Glamorganshire, and substituted a very unsatisfactory road motor service; and whether, in view of the inconvenience caused to the mining population of about 15,000 in and about Gilfach Goch, he will take steps to have this passenger train service restored without delay?

Colonel ASHLEY

I understand that the passenger train service referred to by the hon. Member was withdrawn by the railway company in consequence of the small number of passengers using it, but that in view of the representations received, the company have agreed to reinstate it.


1. How quickly you forgive each other. As humans, we are massively flawed. On average, a human being makes at least two mistakes a day. What counts in a relationship is how quickly you forgive each other’s mistakes. My grandmother always said, “Don’t go to bed angry with each other.” This is excellent advice for a long-lasting, loving relationship.

2. How you respond to each other under pressure.The truth is that relationships are made through a trial by fire. It either burns you alive or it forges you. Your partner’s response under pressure should balance yours. If you panic easily, they need to be reassuring or vice versa. If you are able to get out of a stressful situation together in one piece, your relationship is worth keeping.

3. How closely your goals for your futures match. Relationships that come with an expiration date usually begin that way, too. It is important to establish with your partner whether they envision the same thing for yourselves in the future as you do. It won’t work if he/she doesn’t see a marriage and you do, or if you don’t want children and he/she does.

4. How much expectation you put on each other. Expectations are the leading cause of relationships falling apart. You see, we dream and make this idea of a perfect relationship with a soul mate and put all of that celestial pressure on a human being who is flawed. And of course they let us down. You can’t expect someone to defeat all of their flaws simply because you are in their life. You can’t expect the moon and the sun from them, either.

5. How secure you are in your relationship with each other. Jealousy is the worst. First of all, it makes the other person believe you don’t trust them, and that hurts. And secondly, it reduces the other person to feeling like they are a possession. If you cannot trust your guy to go to a stag party or your girl to sleep over at a friend’s place, what are you doing in a relationship together?

7. How you treat each other’s families. As a little girl, I often said that I wanted someone in my life who looked after and treated my parents and siblings the way I hope to treat theirs: with a lot of respect, kindness, and love. If you want your relationship to be long-term, you need to bond with each other’s families and try to grow closer to them. In times when your partner fights with his or her family, it is important to be able to give them perspective as opposed to blindly agreeing with them.

8. How well you celebrate each other’s successes. There is nothing worse than being with someone who is insecure about your success. As a partner, you are supposed to feel pleased and happy when your other half achieves something. You are supposed to celebrate it, not pull them down and make them feel unhappy about it.

9. How much space you give each other. This is an extremely important one. If you feel the need to be around your partner 24/7, then neither of you is getting the time you need to miss each other. Even the longest lasting marriages are made not from constant togetherness, but rather from the ability to give each other space and time to reflect and contemplate, to let things go and to learn how to be better by doing something they love, such as a hobby or reading. There is evolution in solitude.

10. How well you grow together. This is an essential one for long-term relationships. If one person is growing faster than the other, inevitably they will part ways. If you see yourself evolving faster than your other half, the relationship simply will not last much longer.

Nikita Gill is the author of Your Soul is a River, a book about healing and becoming whole again. Read an interview with Nikita about her poetry, Instagram, and writing as a woman of color here.

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Wis. man stands in for son at child support hearing

Karl Dorfner, of West Allis, Wis., was trying to be a good father when he showed up at his son’s child support hearing. That’s something more than his son, also named Karl, has going for him, apparently.

The elder Dorfner didn’t want his son to lose his new job so he offered to attend the court hearing in his place, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s Jim Stingl writes today.

The judge threw Dorfner out once he realized he wasn’t the Karl Dorfner who was behind on his payments.

“I see no reason why I could not have been afforded the opportunity to at least explain my presence. And if that was unacceptable, I should have been given a chance to reschedule his appearance at a time that would be suitable with his employer,” Dorfner tells Stingl.

A county clerk said if someone shows up for court to represent someone else, he’s practicing law without a license.

Dorfner the younger, not having missed a day of work, should be able to send some money to his ex.


HS 208 : Multicultural Issues in Human Services

Transcript title

Multicultural Issues Hum Serv

Grade mode

Standard letter grades

Contact hours total

Lecture hours

HS 101; MTH 31 or higher; and choose one of WR 121, WR 122, or WR 227.

Presents the foundations for developing the skills and sensitivities needed to practice as culturally alert counselors. Explore issues and trends related to culture, ethnicity, race, nationality, age, gender, sexual orientation, mental and physical abilities/disabilities, education, religious and spiritual values, immigrant dynamics, and socioeconomic factors which influence counseling relationships, process, and treatment outcomes. Encourages students to engage in self-exploration around their own cultural identities and their responses to issues of diversity including bias, oppression, discrimination and the role of privilege.

Learning outcomes

1. Describe the ways in which individual identities worldviews, values, and biases are shaped by multiple cultural influences.
2. Identify and explain the intersectionalities of one’s own and others’ cultural identities.
3. Demonstrate awareness of one’s own cultural identities and biases and the manner in which these factors influence their helping practice.
4. Demonstrate strategies for empathically and effectively working with others by including clients’ cultural identities in the process.
5. Examine the social and cultural identities which every person brings to her or his meaning-making (e.g., race, ethnicity, class, gender, sexual orientation, physical abilities, age, religion/spirituality) and the salience of these identities.
6. Explain racism, prejudice, oppression, and privilege and the effects of these factors on themselves and those with whom they work.

Content outline

Diversity in Mental Health Practice
Multicultural Competencies: Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes
Identities as Status
Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege
Socioeconomic Class

Required materials

Grading methods

Quizzes, midterm exam, final exam, papers, in class activities.

General education/Related instruction lists

  • Related Instruction/Human Relations
  • Discipline Studies/Social Science
  • Discipline Studies/Cultural Literacy

Outside of


3 Benefits of Organizing Your Kitchen + How-To Get Started

One of the things I enjoy most about being an interior designer + professional home organizer is designing spaces that not only look great but work well… for you! Creating systems + structure to maintain an organized home is all about how you live in your home.

Where we are in our lives largely dictates how we use our home + ultimately what we need from it.

An Organized Kitchen is a Happy Kitchen #OrganizingRoadmap - www.elegantsi.com

LESS PURCHASING of things you already own

Whether you’re a single woman living alone or married with kids, we’ve all at one point in our past bought doubles (or even triples) of things because you couldn’t find what you were looking for in the pantry or those darn kitchen cabinets.

When you have organized shelves in your kitchen pantry or you’ve identified a use for the cabinet space under the sink (especially in small kitchens) then you'’re less likely to waste money buying things you already own. Likewise, you’re also more likely to use what you have. When you have a use for something + a place to store it… it’s no longer considered clutter.

When you know exactly where to find things when you need them, cooking is a lot more fun. It’s easier to identify what recipes to cook + what you need to pull out to be the next professional chef :) But it’s not just the cooking thats fun… when you have an organized kitchen with a place for everything, the clean ups easier too.

If you have a place for your keys, your mail + the bags you grab + go with everyday, then your kitchen countertops typically stay clear of clutter. Wiping surfaces down every couple of days or after each meal becomes routine because it is easy.

We’ve all likely searched high + low for a kitchen-gadget (think the mini spatula that someone bought you as a present + though you have no use for it you just couldn’t part with it) but of course when you need it… it too was nowhere to be found :)

`An Organized Kitchen is a Happy Kitchen #OrganizingRoadmap - www.elegantsi.com

how-to get started organizing your kitchen… right now?

  • Remove the Tupperware that no longer has matching lids… (or the lids that you can’t find the containers for)

  • Mismatched coffee mugs… unless that’s your style (then embrace it)

  • Utensils that you have multiples of…

  • Spices - whatever you haven't used for a year… remove.

  • Those appliances that you just had to have that are taking up precious counter space but barely seeing any run time.

After creating + setting up hundreds of functionally organized kitchens.. I know that not everyone should pull things out + purge. So if you use any of these items, don’t fret you should keep them, cherish them + use them more often. If not... then you don’t be afraid to let them go!

What to actually organize in your kitchen?

  • Identify what each kitchen cabinet or pantry shelf will be used for by clearing out the clutter + starting fresh.

  • Organize drawers with dividers so you can easily find utensils.

  • Adding liners to your drawers + shelves will create a pampered + luxurious look but will also be an absolute life saver when wiping them clean.

  • Create zones in your refrigerator for all the necessary food groups + especially ones for quick + easy healthy snacks.

  • If you have special dietary needs or simply enjoy a particular lifestyle like meal prepping: don’t be afraid to create a space that accommodates the things you need

An Organized Kitchen is a Happy Kitchen #OrganizingRoadmap - www.elegantsi.com

Organizing your kitchen, pantry or your cabinets is all about removing the items that don’t add value to your everyday life so we can make room for the things that do. There’s no one-size-fits-all solution for how-to declutter your home. Creating systems + zones that pair well with easy to maintain routines is how you stay organized once + for all.

Psst… looking for help with your next kitchen remodel, we’ve got you :)

Eager to get the ball rolling, grab your calendar, collect your thoughts + lets get better acquainted!

I would LOVE to video chat with you + learn more about your project goals -- while sipping on a tall glass of ice-cold green tea.


The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch writes in Siman 19 Halacha 9, that if one began his Shemoneh Esrei on the first night of Pesach and he accidentally began saying a weekday amidah and he came to the Bracha of barech aleinu, that he must complete it and he is to say “vsen Bracha” because the congregation is not saying “tal umatar” - if however December 4/5 fell on a Friday night and once again he said a weekday Shemoneh Esrei, KSA again says “vsen Bracha” because the congregation is not saying “tal umatar” as of yet. Aren’t these 2 halachos in contradiction with each other, as if with Pesach he holds that the person changes early his recitation to "vsen Bracha," even though the congregation hasn’t changed yet, why not the same on Dec 4-5 that falls on a Friday night - why not change to vsen tal in a similar fashion?

  • All the more so since on December 4 it switches at Maariv, while on Pesach it switches only the next day at Mussaf Chazaras HaShatz. – DonielF Apr 23 at 15:09
  • 1
    I think the logic is that veten bracha is the default and veten tal umatar is an addition. – Joel K Apr 23 at 15:16
  • @Doniel On Pesach it also changes at maariv of motzei chag – Joel K Apr 23 at 15:18
  • @JoelK I mean morid hageshem changes at those points. – DonielF Apr 23 at 15:21
  • @DonielF Gotcha – Joel K Apr 23 at 15:22

The words of the KSA are:

טעה במעריב ליל ראשון של פסח והתפלל תפלת שמונה עשרה של חול, ונזכר לאחר שהתחיל ''ברך עלינו'', שהדין הוא שצריך לסיים כל אותה ברכה (כמו שנתבאר לעיל סימן ע''ו), אינו אומר ''טל ומטר'', כיון שגם הציבור אינם אומרים.

Extended paraphrase, following the explanation of the Chochmat Shelomo. If he made a mistake at the first night of Pesach and did pray the prayer of Chol. And he realizes his mistake but is already reciting the Birkat Hashanim, he must go to the end of the Beracha (as explained in Siman 76, that the berachot of Yom Chol are not off topic on Shabbat, but Chachamim wanted to lighten the text in honor of Shabbat). So when he is in the middle of the blessing, he must be careful not to say "veten tal umatar", because the congregation already ceased to say it for this year.

ואם חלה השאלה (הוא יום התחלת לשאול טל ומטר) ביום שבת, וטעה והתפלל של חול, והתחיל "ברך עלינו" גם כן, אינו אומר "טל ומטר", כיוון שהציבור עדיין לא התחילו. והיחיד נגרר תמיד אחר הציבור.

If the same problem occurs on Shabbat who is the first they should have say "veten tal umatar" if it had been possible, he must not say tal umatar because the congregation did still not started to say it.

The logical trick is that stop mentioning this word comes automatically, but start saying these words is a collective act.

  • "The stoping of veten tal umatar automatically happened on Yom Tov" Why? And how do you know that? I wouldn't expect that to be true. – Double AA Apr 23 at 22:17
  • I disagree. Both requests are announced. – Double AA Apr 23 at 22:22
  • No it's announced in Shul on Shmini Atzeret in Tefillah. Who said an announcement must be immediately adjacent to the effect? And also who said beating the Bima is a Halakhically insignificant announcement? Many places just announce Mashiv Haruach before Musaf and expect that to work even though that's not part of tefillah – Double AA Apr 23 at 22:30
  • announced in Shul on Shmini Atzeret in Tefillah I wasn't aware can you explain (Now I go to sleep :( ) – kouty Apr 23 at 22:37
  • @kouty I don't understand your answer. Why if a weekday Amidah was said on Leyl YT of Pesach we say that the season changed, even though the congregation hasnt change, and now it "vsen bracha" time but on December 4/5th - it hasn't changed yet BECAUSE the congregation hasn't changed and is still "vsen bracha" time - shouldnt they be the same? – Draizy-Levi Pine Apr 24 at 1:52

My understanding of the Kitzur's ruling is that the default (or 'null' - hat-tip @Double AA) state is to recite v'ten bracha. V'ten tal umatar is a mandated addition to the amidah during a certain season. (See this question and its answer for support for this assertion.)

The season starts the first weekday arvit on or after December 4th/5th (in the Diaspora) and extends until minchah of erev pesach.

Thus, if December 4th/5th falls on shabbat, the season does not begin until after shabbat, and one would not add v'ten tal umatar on that shabbat.

Conversely, at arvit of the first night of pesach, the season is already over, so, again, one would not recite v'ten tal umatar.

I think that the Kitzur's references to the recitation of the tzibbur is his way of ascertaining whether or not one is currently in the v'ten tal umatar season.

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Neurolingustic programming is a very powerful tool to help you take control in conflict situations.

I remember a quote by Dale Carnegie – “People are not creatures of logic but creatures of emotion”. People respond not to what you say but to what they think you are saying means. That equation is hidden deep beneath their “reasoning engine”. Their response, if negative, is to their perception of somehow being marginalized by what you are saying. Deep inside, they feel de-valued on a personal level.

That totally unconscious response is a defense mechanism – protecting their inherent sense of significance. Significance is intimately connected to identity – the “I am”.

Significance is a universal human need. It underlies social behaviors, decision making processes, a desire to please others, a desire to accumulate material wealth, reproduction and creating legacies. All humans are perpetually and other – than – consciously seeking significance.

Conflict is different from a disagreement in a sense that disagreement is in response to logical evaluation of something taking place in a mutually recognizable context (such as an office), while conflict is an emotional transaction, with each party wanting to defend their position on the level of “being” right. In conflict, logic often goes out the window and emotion takes over, creating a progressively escalating reactivity.

How do you do that?

To be able to do that, you need to “get out of your own way” and recognize the fact that acknowledging someone’s fundamental significance has nothing to do with whether you agree with their point of view. Inherently they have the right to their point of view, as much as you the right to keep yours.

That question does not indicate you wanting to relinquish your position with regard to the actual issue, but to find a way to help the other feel significant regardless of their point of view. They will be much more willing to engage in a logical discussion with you when feeling acknowledged.

You may say, “I understand you have that point of view (say the exact the words they said to you) and it is important to you that…” and I have a different opinion”.

Acknowledging them as having their opinion is already a validation of their significance as a human being in this situation.

By sticking to the issue at hand and avoiding getting into “you are wrong” and “I am right”, allows you to keep the conversation at a level of logical reasoning, and opens the door to a possible debate.

By responding to you they are acknowledging their own and your significance, and subconsciously creating and alliance with you, as you are now working on the same issue from a common point of intent. The focus is on the solution and you are on the same team.

This, in itself is a powerful conflict reducer.

Neurolinguistic programming allows us to address the root causes if conflict at the deep identity level.

Here at Live with Power we offer neurolinguistic programming workshops attended by hundreds of individuals from all walks of life. Corporate workshops address communications in organizations. How you communicate with others determines your bottom line.


India look to solve middle-order woes in series’ finale

LEEDS, July 16: Their middle-order frailties laid bare in the previous match, India would be aiming to plug the loopholes in Tuesday’s deciding third and final ODI against England, where a win would fetch Virat Kohli’s men their 10th successive series triumph.
India had previously won the T20I series 2-1. The Men in Blue have been on a high-flying streak in bilateral ODI cricket.
Going as far back as January 2016, when they last lost 1-4 in Australia, India have won every bilateral ODI series since, beating Zimbabwe, New
Since that 0-3 loss in England seven years ago, India have enjoyed the upper-hand, winning 10 out of 17 matches.
Considering England’s ascendancy in white-ball cricket since 2015, the equation has balanced out over the last two encounters. India won the closelyfought home series 2-1 in January 2017, and now the current contest will finish with the same score-line, either way. (PTI)


Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are post-translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate nuclear cellular processes. Here we used an augmented K0-SUMO proteomics strategy to identify 40,765 SUMO acceptor sites and quantify their fractional contribution for 6,747 human proteins. Structural-predictive analyses revealed that lysines residing in disordered regions are preferentially targeted by SUMO, in notable contrast to other widespread lysine modifications. In our data set, we identified 807 SUMOylated peptides that were co-modified by phosphorylation, along with dozens of SUMOylated peptides that were co-modified by ubiquitylation, acetylation and methylation. Notably, 9% of the identified SUMOylome occurred proximal to phosphorylation, and numerous SUMOylation sites were found to be fully dependent on prior phosphorylation events. SUMO-proximal phosphorylation occurred primarily in a proline-directed manner, and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases dynamically affected co-modification. Collectively, we present a comprehensive analysis of the SUMOylated proteome, uncovering the structural preferences for SUMO and providing system-wide evidence for a remarkable degree of cross-talk between SUMOylation and other major PTMs.

Common genetic variants associated with cognitive performance identified using the proxy-phenotype method.

We identify common genetic variants associated with cognitive performance using a two-stage approach, which we call the proxy-phenotype method. First, we conduct a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in a large sample (n = 106,736), which produces a set of 69 education-associated SNPs. Second, using independent samples (n = 24,189), we measure the association of these education-associated SNPs with cognitive performance. Three SNPs (rs1487441, rs7923609, and rs2721173) are significantly associated with cognitive performance after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. In an independent sample of older Americans (n = 8,652), we also show that a polygenic score derived from the education-associated SNPs is associated with memory and absence of dementia. Convergent evidence from a set of bioinformatics analyses implicates four specific genes (KNCMA1, NRXN1, POU2F3, and SCRT). All of these genes are associated with a particular neurotransmitter pathway involved in synaptic plasticity, the main cellular mechanism for learning and memory.

An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications. It plays key roles in regulating diverse biological processes of liver tissues. To better understand the role of protein phosphorylation in liver functions, it is essential to perform in-depth phosphoproteome analysis of human liver. Here, an enzyme assisted reversed-phase-reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-RPLC) approach with both RPLC separations operated with optimized acidic mobile phase was developed. High orthogonal separation was achieved by trypsin digestion of the Glu-C generated peptides in the fractions collected from the first RPLC separation. The phosphoproteome coverage was further improved by using two types of instruments, i.e. TripleTOF 5600 and LTQ Orbitrap Velos. A total of 22,446 phosphorylation sites, corresponding to 6526 nonredundant phosphoproteins were finally identified from normal human liver tissues. Of these sites, 15,229 sites were confidently localized with Ascore?13. This dataset was the largest phosphoproteome dataset of human liver. It can be a public resource for the liver research community and holds promise for further biology studies.

Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics has achieved extraordinary success in qualitative and quantitative analysis of cellular protein phosphorylation. Considering that an estimated level of phosphorylation in a cell is placed at well above 100,000 sites, there is still much room for improvement. Here, we attempt to extend the depth of phosphoproteome coverage while maintaining realistic aspirations in terms of available material, robustness, and instrument running time. We developed three strategies, where each provided a different balance between these three key parameters. The first strategy simply used enrichment by Ti(4+)-IMAC followed by reversed chromatography LC-MS (termed 1D). The second strategy incorporated an additional fractionation step through the use of HILIC (2D). Finally, a third strategy was designed employing first an SCX fractionation, followed by Ti(4+)-IMAC enrichment and additional fractionation by HILIC (3D). A preliminary evaluation was performed on the HeLa cell line. Detecting 3700 phosphopeptides in about 2 h, the 1D strategy was found to be the most sensitive but limited in comprehensivity, mainly due to issues with complexity and dynamic range. Overall, the best balance was achieved using the 2D based strategy, identifying close to 17,000 phosphopeptides with less than 1 mg of material in about 48 h. Subsequently, we confirmed the findings with the K562 cell sample. When sufficient material was available, the 3D strategy increased phosphoproteome allowing over 22,000 unique phosphopeptides to be identified. Unfortunately, the 3D strategy required more time and over 1 mg of material before it started to outperform 2D. Ultimately, combining all strategies, we were able to identify over 16,000 and nearly 24,000 unique phosphorylation sites from the cancer cell lines HeLa and K562, respectively. In summary, we demonstrate the need to carry out extensive fractionation for deep mining of the phosphoproteome and provide a guide for appropriate strategies depending on sample amount and/or analysis time.

System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

To elucidate cellular events underlying the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we performed parallel quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of hESCs during differentiation initiated by a diacylglycerol analog or transfer to media that had not been conditioned by feeder cells. We profiled 6521 proteins and 23,522 phosphorylation sites, of which almost 50% displayed dynamic changes in phosphorylation status during 24 hours of differentiation. These data are a resource for studies of the events associated with the maintenance of hESC pluripotency and those accompanying their differentiation. From these data, we identified a core hESC phosphoproteome of sites with similar robust changes in response to the two distinct treatments. These sites exhibited distinct dynamic phosphorylation patterns, which were linked to known or predicted kinases on the basis of the matching sequence motif. In addition to identifying previously unknown phosphorylation sites on factors associated with differentiation, such as kinases and transcription factors, we observed dynamic phosphorylation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). We found a specific interaction of DNMTs during early differentiation with the PAF1 (polymerase-associated factor 1) transcriptional elongation complex, which binds to promoters of the pluripotency and known DNMT target genes encoding OCT4 and NANOG, thereby providing a possible molecular link for the silencing of these genes during differentiation.

Gene enrichment profiles reveal T-cell development, differentiation, and lineage-specific transcription factors including ZBTB25 as a novel NF-AT repressor.

The identification of transcriptional regulatory networks, which control tissue-specific development and function, is of central importance to the understanding of lymphocyte biology. To decipher transcriptional networks in T-cell development and differentiation we developed a browsable expression atlas and applied a novel quantitative method to define gene sets most specific to each of the represented cell subsets and tissues. Using this system, body atlas size datasets can be used to examine gene enrichment profiles from a cell/tissue perspective rather than gene perspective, thereby identifying highly enriched genes within a cell type, which are often key to cellular differentiation and function. A systems analysis of transcriptional regulators within T cells during different phases of development and differentiation resulted in the identification of known key regulators and uncharacterized coexpressed regulators. ZBTB25, a BTB-POZ family transcription factor, was identified as a highly T cell-enriched transcription factor. We provide evidence that ZBTB25 functions as a negative regulator of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) activation, such that RNA interference mediated knockdown resulted in enhanced activation of target genes. Together, these findings suggest a novel mechanism for NF-AT mediated gene expression and the compendium of expression data provides a quantitative platform to drive exploration of gene expression across a wide range of cell/tissue types.

Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

Eukaryotic cells replicate by a complex series of evolutionarily conserved events that are tightly regulated at defined stages of the cell division cycle. Progression through this cycle involves a large number of dedicated protein complexes and signaling pathways, and deregulation of this process is implicated in tumorigenesis. We applied high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics to investigate the proteome and phosphoproteome of the human cell cycle on a global scale and quantified 6027 proteins and 20,443 unique phosphorylation sites and their dynamics. Co-regulated proteins and phosphorylation sites were grouped according to their cell cycle kinetics and compared to publicly available messenger RNA microarray data. Most detected phosphorylation sites and more than 20% of all quantified proteins showed substantial regulation, mainly in mitotic cells. Kinase-motif analysis revealed global activation during S phase of the DNA damage response network, which was mediated by phosphorylation by ATM or ATR or DNA-dependent protein kinases. We determined site-specific stoichiometry of more than 5000 sites and found that most of the up-regulated sites phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) or CDK2 were almost fully phosphorylated in mitotic cells. In particular, nuclear proteins and proteins involved in regulating metabolic processes have high phosphorylation site occupancy in mitosis. This suggests that these proteins may be inactivated by phosphorylation in mitotic cells.

Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

Protein phosphorylation events during T cell receptor (TCR) signaling control the formation of complexes among proteins proximal to the TCR, the activation of kinase cascades, and the activation of transcription factors; however, the mode and extent of the influence of phosphorylation in coordinating the diverse phenomena associated with T cell activation are unclear. Therefore, we used the human Jurkat T cell leukemia cell line as a model system and performed large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses of TCR signaling. We identified 10,665 unique phosphorylation sites, of which 696 showed TCR-responsive changes. In addition, we analyzed broad trends in phosphorylation data sets to uncover underlying mechanisms associated with T cell activation. We found that, upon stimulation of the TCR, phosphorylation events extensively targeted protein modules involved in all of the salient phenomena associated with T cell activation: patterning of surface proteins, endocytosis of the TCR, formation of the F-actin cup, inside-out activation of integrins, polarization of microtubules, production of cytokines, and alternative splicing of messenger RNA. Further, case-by-case analysis of TCR-responsive phosphorylation sites on proteins belonging to relevant functional modules together with network analysis allowed us to deduce that serine-threonine (S-T) phosphorylation modulated protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in a system-wide fashion. We also provide experimental support for this inference by showing that phosphorylation of tubulin on six distinct serine residues abrogated PPIs during the assembly of microtubules. We propose that modulation of PPIs by stimulus-dependent changes in S-T phosphorylation state is a widespread phenomenon applicable to many other signaling systems.

A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

The eukaryotic cell division cycle is characterized by a sequence of orderly and highly regulated events resulting in the duplication and separation of all cellular material into two newly formed daughter cells. Protein phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) drives this cycle. To gain further insight into how phosphorylation regulates the cell cycle, we sought to identify proteins whose phosphorylation is cell cycle regulated. Using stable isotope labeling along with a two-step strategy for phosphopeptide enrichment and high mass accuracy mass spectrometry, we examined protein phosphorylation in a human cell line arrested in the G(1) and mitotic phases of the cell cycle. We report the identification of >14,000 different phosphorylation events, more than half of which, to our knowledge, have not been described in the literature, along with relative quantitative data for the majority of these sites. We observed >1,000 proteins with increased phosphorylation in mitosis including many known cell cycle regulators. The majority of sites on regulated phosphopeptides lie in [S/T]P motifs, the minimum required sequence for CDKs, suggesting that many of the proteins may be CDK substrates. Analysis of non-proline site-containing phosphopeptides identified two unique motifs that suggest there are at least two undiscovered mitotic kinases.

Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.

Cell signaling mechanisms often transmit information via posttranslational protein modifications, most importantly reversible protein phosphorylation. Here we develop and apply a general mass spectrometric technology for identification and quantitation of phosphorylation sites as a function of stimulus, time, and subcellular location. We have detected 6,600 phosphorylation sites on 2,244 proteins and have determined their temporal dynamics after stimulating HeLa cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and recorded them in the Phosida database. Fourteen percent of phosphorylation sites are modulated at least 2-fold by EGF, and these were classified by their temporal profiles. Surprisingly, a majority of proteins contain multiple phosphorylation sites showing different kinetics, suggesting that they serve as platforms for integrating signals. In addition to protein kinase cascades, the targets of reversible phosphorylation include ubiquitin ligases, guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and at least 46 different transcriptional regulators. The dynamic phosphoproteome provides a missing link in a global, integrative view of cellular regulation.


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TEC 60 CCR Plan and make dives using trimix/heliox as a diluent using a Type T CCR

The Tec 60 CCR Diver with REEF DIVERS

Tec 60 CCR Diver is an intermediate technical Closed Circuit Rebreather (CCR) diver program where you'll learn to use life support equipment in completing dives outside the recreational and air diluent envelope.
You will learn to plan and make dives using trimix/heliox (minimum 16% oxygen) as a diluent using a Type T CCR to a maximum depth of 60 metres/200 feet and complete multiple decompression stops while carrying adequate bail out gas for the dive.
Tec 60 CCR Diver is the second level of training that addresses technical diving with Type T CCRs, which include a range of electronic CCRs (eCCRs) and manual CCRs (mCCRs). Tec 60 CCR develops the understanding and skills for diagnosing life-support problems while using trimix/heliox to complete a technical dive with its necessary decompression obligations.

  • Tec 40 CCR Diver or other qualifying certification
  • Proof of 150 logged dives, with at least 25 dives and 50 hours experience with the Type T CCR used in the course with an offboard bailout system following Tec 40 CCR Diver principles. At least 10 of these dives must be deeper than 30 metres/100 feet.
  • 18 years old

Tec 60 CCR Qualifier program

Due to differences between CCRs, divers qualify on each CCR. However, once qualified, if you wish to cross over to another Type T CCR, you'll only need to complete the Tec CCR Qualifier program, which covers unit-specific skills and knowledge.
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Prospective study of dietary energy density and weight gain in women Academic Article uri icon

  • Little is known about the long-term effects of dietary energy density (ED) on weight gain.The objective was to assess the long-term relation between changes in dietary ED and age-related weight gain.We conducted a prospective study of 50 026 women (x +/- SD age: 36.5 +/- 4.6 y) in the Nurses' Health Study II followed from 1991 to 1999. Dietary ED and body weight were ascertained in 1991, 1995, and 1999. Total dietary ED was calculated by dividing each subject's daily energy intake (kcal) by the reported weight (g) of all foods consumed.Dietary ED was positively correlated with saturated fat (r = 0.16), trans fat (r = 0.15), and the glycemic index (r = 0.16), but was inversely correlated with vegetable protein (r = -0.30), vegetables (r = -0.27), and fruit (r = -0.17). ED was not significantly correlated with total fat intake as a percentage of energy (r = 0.08). Women who increased their dietary ED during follow-up the most (5th quintile) had a significantly greater multivariate-adjusted weight gain than did those who decreased their dietary ED (1st quintile) (8-y time period: 6.42 kg compared with 4.57 kg; P for trend < 0.001). However, the amount of weight change over time varied considerably according to the ED values of individual foods and beverages.A high dietary ED reflects a dietary pattern higher in saturated and trans fats and refined carbohydrates. Increases in dietary ED were associated with greater weight gain among middle-aged women during 8 y of follow-up. However, public health recommendations cannot be made simply on the basis of ED values of individual foods and beverages.

publication date

  • September 1, 2008


Process and analysis essay

process and analysis essay

In fact, you can make a process out process and analysis essay of anything. Make sure that you write down all of the steps and that they are organized. We have plenty of analysis essay topics that students at all levels can use to make their writing better. How to save money at the grocery store. Process Analysis Essay Topics For College Students. Explain the expected outcome. Why, which essentially the cause-and-effect of something. How to learn skateboarding, how to get around without a car. Since this involves process analysis, you should define all of the terms especially since your readers may not be completely familiar with them. Apart from the steps and the sequence, students also have to make your own research since they will be using facts in their essay work.

100, process, analysis, essay, topics for a Proper Essay Writing

This is quite different from writing an ordinary essay since you do not have enough flexibility and must follow specific directions. How to succeed in college, how to be reduce stress, how to find the perfect roommate. This will have to depend on your interest and knowledge. How to say good-bye to a terminally ill friend. Suitable transitions have to be used for every phase. How to Write a Process Analysis Essay. Good Causal Analysis Essay Topics for You to Pick From. Process Analysis Essay on Work and Identity. It process and analysis essay is just a matter of finding a topic that is not too difficult to write and to explain.

Process and analysis essay, north&East Kerry Development

If you want to achieve a good mark, you need to understand spatially-temporal connections and why one stage is replacing another. In conclusion, you ought to provide a comprehensive analysis of the entire procedure. How to cope with flu, how to overcome an illness, how to install a tent. Moreover, your readers must be aware of any possible failures and what steps can be taken to avert errors. Ultimately for both types of essays, the student will need to provide causes of scenarios, and the effects of those causes. The problem is that even the easiest assignments can be daunting if you work part-time to pay your tuitions. Whether it is a process that you readers can replicate or not, our essays and essay topics will guide you on the best way to approach these essays.

In the body section, you need to enumerate all of the utensils, instruments or resources which are needed for the procedure you wish to describe. When you are asked to write an essay with a process analysis, you should make sure that you have all of the necessary data that you need to make it easy for your readers to understand. Get great essay topics from the experts or order an original paper now! Unless otherwise stated, they might require the student to produce possible counters to these arguments. Requesting your process analysis examples and topics. In choosing a topic using a process analysis, you have to select a topic that is interesting to your readers or you can ask professionals at m for help. These essays are also useful in other disciplines and miscellaneous situations that have nothing to do with academia. The writer is effectively analyzing another writers write-up. This way, your audience will be well-informed. In this article, well show you on how to draft an excellent process analysis essay. In creating problem analysis essays, students will need to clearly process and analysis essay and concisely define a problem, the significance of the problem, both macro and micro, and possible scholarly, technical or practical solutions to the problem, or even your own solution. You might be asked to write a process essay on how to make your favorite dish. How to end a bad relationship.

Process, analysis, essay, topics, Paper Samples and, examples

You also need to describe the effectiveness of each outlined solution, with a conclusion that supports the best choice among those presented. A major source of confusion among students is the Causal essay and process and analysis essay Cause- -Effect essays. This means that the essay should be adequately coated with depth and research, and the writer should reproduce the process as it would. You should also make sure that the topic selected allows you to develop an inferable thesis statement which you can then develop as the cause, and its primary effects in the subsequent body of the essay. If you know these tools, assignments on any process analysis essay topics will be easy for you. You should also talk about the possible dangers or undesirable effects which may originate in the procedure. If a word or notion seems unusual, the writer needs to explain. Many of them desperately try to learn new things and perhaps your essay will explain the basics to them. Following these guidelines is easy. We have the ultimate list of literary analysis essay topics that you can use to get inspiration or to get that writing spark back. In such a paper, the student is to explain phases of a procedure in a consecutive sequence. The purpose might also be to enable students gain insights into important elements of literary work or stylistic devices. To put it shortly, get straight to the point and include nothing other than relevant facts.

Remember that your essay should be somewhat of a guide for your audience. The key is to ensure that there is some chronological movement of the information that you present. Process Analysis Essay Subject Examples, a process analysis essay can approach subjects such as: How to say your prayers, how to prepare tomatoes. You should not fail to include these details when writing your essay. Apart from the terms, you also have to provide complete and clear descriptions of the tools or the materials. Show where the procedure is applicable or how it can be of use. Key tools to save your time on process analysis essay.

Process, analysis, essay : Writing Guide & 70 Good Topics

Do you want not to make all necessary staff like that and still obtain good grades? How to choose a course, how to lose weight the easiest way. Process Analysis Essay Topics For High School Students. If you have ever experienced writing a lab report and following the exact processes in reality, then you may already be closer to having written a process analysis essay than your previously thought. How to get rid of insomnia. Our informative process analysis essay topics can be assigned at all levels, from 2nd grade to your post-graduate studies. These essays need you to analyze the different parts of written non-fiction to see how the writer uses words to impact the reader, and to what sort of effect. Here are some excellent ideas to use. Your peers want to know something they didnt know before. You are in the right place to know that.

How to choose a career, how to stop child abuse, how to gain self-esteem. Dont Trouble Yourself with the Small Things. Process analysis is not simply describing the process. Here you can find process analysis essay examples to see how such assignments are built and what is better to include in them. Letter to the Instructor.

Process analysis essay - Choose Expert and, cheap Essay Writing

Process Analysis Essay Topics - What Is a Process Essay? And if you want to order your paper, you can do it right now! How to learn something you hate. The topic should effectively guide you on how much you need to write, and you should make a mental draft process and analysis essay of the process to anticipate how much length you need to write it out. What is the history of something, explained in clear sequence? This way, writing the process analysis essay will be much easier. How to quit smoking, how pasta is made, how to have fun with no money. You should talk about each phase in a separate paragraph.

When presenting the processes, use an expressive style. How to succeed in your studies. We also have a professional team of writers who will assist you with your best efforts to write an appropriate essay, or if you have a specific topic in mind but dont know how to go about writing. Home, blog, how to Write a Process Analysis Essay. We also have professional writing services to assist you if the task becomes too difficult. Many just dont know how to write a process essay.

Process, analysis, essay, topics - EssayWriterUSA

The latter will often require process and analysis essay the writer to look at smaller, straightforward topics while the former might require the writer to expound on broader topics which might not have a straightforward answering strategy that can be illustrated effectively step-by-step. If a procedure seems intricate, the phases ought to be classified correspondingly. However, if you still need help, keep in mind that our expert essay writers are always ready to serve! Principle of criminology, some examples of good causal analysis essay topics include topics such as global warming, factors that led to constitutional amendments, factors that led to a war or calamity or what caused the 2008 global recession. Literary analysis is closer to rhetorical analysis, and requires the reader to evaluate a work of literature or some aspect of the literary piece. Pick one of the best essay topics and write a perfect essay about. While you are not required to reiterate each and every one of the particular phases, it is mandatory to strengthen the essential ideas and highlights. How to play guitar, how to be popular at school. How to make money doing something you love.

Economic Insecurity, in the present state of the world, not only are many people destitute, but the majority of those who are not are haunted by a perfectly reasonable fear that they may become so at any moment. Men save money and invest it, in the hope of having something to live on when they become old and infirm, and of being able to prevent their children from sinking in the social scale. While such is a common knowledge, many learners experience a lot of challenges developing a strong thesis statement that serves the intended purpose. Our manual will lead you and show how to write a good process analysis. Clearly there's a chance that the business rule will be described inconsistently (thereby motivating more bureaucracy in the form of traceability ) let alone the obvious overhead process and analysis essay involved with reviewing and maintaining each version. Review, friends is the purpose of academic essays for the sherman kent. Consider focusing on an attribute that youll be specifically elaborating on later in the paragraph. Is it a certain building, a sign, a window, or even a group of people? Consequently there is a profit if the market is sufficiently large, but not otherwise. Almost all the shipbuilding plant became useless, and the great majority of the men employed were thrown out of of work.

Awesome, process, analysis Essay, topics - Bestessay4u

And so on indefinitely. 8 You can also use adjectives that connect to the senses, such rotting, bright, hefty, rough, and pungent. You can buy an analysis essay here if you have your deadline closing. It would, of course, be impossible for the steel industry, and the other industries which have similar interests, to cause great 93 nations to serve their purposes, if there were not impulses in the population to which they could appeal. Explanation process and analysis essay is a kind of telling that interjects background material that does not contain sensory details or contribute to the overall effecta character's motives or history, for example: Explanation: The tenants had moved out a week earlier because. To learn how to put the finishing touches on your essay, keep reading! Question Can you give me suggestions for what to write about the beach? Java programming, Project Management, Database Administration,.). These tips should help you ace. 5 Use figurative language and strong adjectives throughout your paragraph.

Process analysis essay writing is a complex process. Always look for the most concise, specific way to describe something; for example, rather than saying, "She walked smoothly try saying "She glided." This phrase is concrete and, in the end, easier for the reader to visualize. Let us illustrate the difference by an imaginary example. Order a custom essay tailored to your specific instructions. The merits which I shall claim for Socialism all presuppose that it will have been brought about by persuasion, and that such force as may be necessary will consist only of the defeat of small bands of malcontents. A streetcar named desire essay conclusion A streetcar named desire essay conclusion video games help with problem solving how to write a memoir essay example computer essay in bangla good hooks to start an essay essay on manifest destiny. The spending power of the very rich causes them to have large numbers of parasites who, however far removed from wealth they may be themselves, nevertheless fear that they would be ruined if there were no idle rich to buy their wares. Rhetorical questions in essays phd research proposal presentation reading street homework first grade user rights assignment command line. Bixler was the tallest person Id ever seen. The planets feed off of the sun, just like the body paragraphs and conclusion feed off of the thesis. Use first person I to discuss your feelings about the subject in detail. A generalist is a jack-of-all-trades but a master of none, whereas a generalizing specialist is a jack-of-all-trades and master of a few.

Process, analysis, essay, writing Tips and, tricks for All Students

It sometimes happens, it is true, that working-class boys or girls reach the university by means of scholarships, but as a rule they have had to work so hard in the process that they are worn out and do not fulfil their early promise. At present, however, owing to the operation of the profit motive, leisure cannot be distributed evenly: some are overworked, while others are wholly unemployed. It remains to say something as to the way in which Socialism would remedy the other evils we have been considering. Specialization drives teams to break down their iteration tasks to accommodate each person's specialty, resulting in finer-grained tasks and more points of hand-off between people. You need to come up with a nice topic for a start. A thesis statement is an imperative trait to form a strong process and analysis essay essay. Melanies hair is the biggest thing about her. Process analysis essays are not the easiest task to handle. In the balance sheet of the public finances, profits made by the steel industry at the expense of other parts of the community would be offset by losses elsewhere, and as no individual's income would fluctuate with the.

To practice process and analysis essay these skills, first go to a public place. However, in any essay question, descriptive writing is always a necessity, it just depends on proportions. When and where did she get the item? The procedure essay or process investigation essay clarifies exactly how exactly something,.g., a recipe, how will be completed or just something occurs. Choose adjectives that will paint a clear image in the readers mind. Process Analysis essay enables one to realize ones strengths and limitations as a pedagogical actor. The increasing number and complexity of the public services has been one of the characteristic features of the past century. The standard is to have a five paragraph essay, one paragraph for introduction, three paragraphs for body, and one for conclusion. All questions are answered and the list of excellent topics is provided. Simply evaluate your thoughts in the essay and wrap things up with a short, final statement. This essay is nothing like the other essays youve written, even though it has a similar structure. Process and analysis essay - Proofreading and editing services from top writers.

At scale you may find that the complexities you're dealing with may require specialists focused on addressing those complexities in an ongoing manner throughout your project. On the other hand, a subject's life history and world perspective may not be, unless you can infer them, for example, from the photos on his walls or the books on his bookshelf. If, when that time comes, the minority illegally appeals to force, the majority will, of course, have to use force to suppress the rebels. Once assigned to a competent writer, the completed paper will be delivered on time, guaranteed! This is where m come in and can arrange to have your essay custom written for you. In a capitalistic regime, the cost which determines whether a certain product shall be manufactured by a certain firm is the cost to that firm, not to the community. 3 Talk about what its used for to give a sense of its purpose. Quality and cheap essay to simplify your education Find out basic tips how to get a plagiarism free themed term paper from a trusted provider. For example, use gargantuan instead of huge, or desolate instead of upset. No time to write your process analysis essay? For example, a single database administrator (DBA) is assigned to support four development teams due to lack of database expertise amongst other people. I, for my part, find this' impossible to believe. If people are generalizing specialists then it becomes much easier to form whole teams because it will be easier to find someone with the skills that you need.

Process and analysis essay - Best and Reasonably Priced Writing

However, in this TIP Sheet we will discuss the descriptive essay as it is commonly assigned by instructors as an exercise in organizing sensory information and choosing vivid details. Is she crazy in love and smiling like a child? However, if you think that one of your order requirements has been neglected or omitted altogether, do send us a revision request immediately and your research paper will be revised in 6 hours. Difficulties may occur in every step of the project if you dont know 4 key tools which can save your time. What is process analysis and how to choose a process analysis essay topic? After passing this first security level, your order is manually reviewed by our Quality Service Department as well. So, because work load isn't consistent work will queue up for them sometimes, which means that the teams which they're supporting need to wait for them to get the work done, reducing overall team efficiency as a result. Consistent focus on the rep how to write your washing machine s lives? Unlike other sites, we are also able to offer complete essay development through our proprietary Biograph process. We surely have a suitable writer to help you with that tiresome task of yours. And inevitably the destitution 81 spread. "The Lord of the Rings "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" and the Harry Potter series are all books famous for transporting readers into a detailed, magical world.

6 End the paragraph with a resonant description or conclusion. "Showing" uses very specific details: cabbage and mildew, scuffed and dusty floors, unwashed windows. Dont overload your reader with things they dont need to know! Okay this is to the point. . The thesis statement sets the reader up for the rest of the essay. By tapping into your own memories, you can write descriptions that will evoke those same memories in your reader. Starting college can be extremely scary with all of the new concepts being thrown at you. The complete and final solution of the problem process and analysis essay presented by the steel industry and others having similar interests is only to be found in international Socialism, that is to say, in their operation by an authority representing all the Governments concerned. These academic essays require you to choose a good topic, provide evidence in each paragraph in the. Here is how to go about.


Ears To Hear

August 9, 2015 Download: Audio

What is robbing you of an abundant life? What is it that keeps us from being able to hear God? Pastor Toney speaks about these issues in this weeks message.

Key Verse

John 10:10 (NLT)

Additional Verses

Hebrews 5:11-14 (NLT)
Romans 12:2 (NLT)


Brain Health: A New Age

Time to talk brain health, gals!

We all know that staying on top of our mental wellness can be a challenge, but tools like therapy, yoga and meditation help us stay on track, right? Despite all the evidence (and advertising!) in support of self-care tools like these to help stay sane amidst the chaos of everyday life - we aren’t always paying attention to our brain health… are we?

One of the biggest hurdles we face when getting “older” is the awful reality of diminished brain function. You know - having slower recall, occasionally forgetting things, etc... Today’s accelerated world doesn’t exactly help us out, either, does it? There’s just so much to keep up with these days, and the medium is CONSTANTLY changing. I know I’m not the only middle-aged mama feeling inundated with the sheer amount of information we’ve gotta take in on a daily basis...

Often times, the way we manage this stress on our brain is by resorting to autopilot. I definitely do this - I’ll be the first to admit! I can head to an early morning workout class in a sleepy daze, casually hit the coffee shop for fuel on the way home, and then grab a few groceries where I inevitably forget what I actually came for… sound familiar at all? It's easy to fall into a mindless routine simply because we are tired of thinking too hard!  However, milling about daily life in this passive fog isn’t much of a challenge or solution to longer term brain health. And while a tired, overwhelmed brain is an inevitable part of aging and a certain sign of the times, there are some things you can do to fight the good fight and keep that mind happy, healthy and devilishly quick!

  1. Exercise daily - and mix it up! Research shows that aerobic exercise (or cardio, in other words) like walking, running, cycling or swimming can increase blood flow. This provides your brain with more oxygen-rich blood. Smarten up and strengthen those muscles all in one workout!

  2. Meditate. Relaxation combined with a mental workout?! Sign me up!  Just a few minutes of meditation via a daily practice has been linked to stress relief, higher IQ, advanced thinking and mental agility.

  3. Challenge yourself.  Research shows that the more you push your brain, the more powerful it becomes. Challenge yourself with something completely new in your daily life. If you rarely wear high heels, try walking around your house in them for ten minutes. If you’re right-handed, brush your teeth with your left hand! These unfamiliar feelings will get your brain working in a new way!

  4. Learn a language.  It’s a pretty well-known fact that learning a second language offers potential benefits like heightened memory, concentration and lowered risks of dementia and Alzheimer's. Because language is complex, speaking or learning a new one is a really excellent mental workout. It’s also a useable skill - hop on a plane and put that new language to good use!

  5. Download Lumosity.  Brain-games and mental teasers stimulate new connections between nerve cells and may even help the brain generate new ones, developing neurological "plasticity" for longevity of mental sharpness. Play these fun little brain games in those spare moments where you would normally scroll through your social media feed; you’ll start to notice what a difference active vs. passive engagement actually makes!

  6. Start journaling! Writing your thoughts down has proved to enhance brain function and writing by hand actually reinforce this! When writing by hand, our brain receives feedback from our motor actions, together with the sensation of touching a pencil and paper. This type of feedback is significantly different from what we receive when touching and typing on a keyboard. In case you missed it, I just wrote a blog post on the process of journaling - check it out here!

  7. Read a good book. Reading is an easy and enjoyable way to engage a different part of the brain as it activates your imagination. Reading has also been linked to memory retention, problem solving, and critical thinking skills in both young and mature readers.

  8. Learn an instrument. Reading music and challenging yourself to learn an instrument stimulates the brain by improving functions like memory and abstract reasoning skills. Play your heart out, loves!

  9. Drive without GPS. Shake things up! Take the long way home, drive a new route, and try to go an entire day without your GPS. Even simple adjustments like this can give your brain a solid workout and keep your mind engaged.

  10. Eat a brain-healthy diet. Food is powerful. We are literally made out of it. So make sure that you are choosing brain-boosting foods like nuts, fish, leafy greens and more. Here’s a more complete list from Healthline.

  11. Care for your emotions. Anxiety, depression and over-stressed people aren’t always the clearest thinkers. Good mental health and restful sleep are definitely #goals, sometimes you need to get away and give yourself a real mental break! Our upcoming September Dare to Detour retreat is a truly phenomenal way to exercise self-care and make sure your brain is in tip-top shape when you need it!

Take care, you lovely brainiacs!


Develop Thriving Students & Schools With Graphology

For students, living a great life starts when they discover and develop what they naturally do best.

Empowering and engaging students starts with surrounding them with teachers who help them discover and develop what they naturally do best. Teachers, you can empower and engage your students and help them succeed in and out of school. The key is focusing on what’s strong, not wrong.

  • Promote Equity - Everyone has talent. And everyone has strengths. When every student learns what’s unique and positive about themselves, they get an equal chance to apply their talents to succeed in and out of school.
  • Build Engagement - Student engagement in school decreases with each grade they pass. The confidence and guidance students gain from knowing their strengths can help them remain engaged in school as they transition from grade to grade.
  • Prepare for Great Jobs & Great Lives - What do you want to be when you grow up? It’s never too early for students to get a sense of how they’d answer. When they prepare for careers and futures that fit their talents, it isn’t just the students who benefit. Entire communities experience transformational change.

Teachers Training Opportunity

The Global Graphologists Association supports this train the teacher's opportunity and facilitates a group of teachers (on campus) to train themselves as graphologists. The objective of this activity is to help a bunch of teachers, together learn graphology at their own school, college, university, institute, etc to conduct handwriting analysis of their students. Teachers can use handwriting analysis for students to help them succeed by discovering and developing what they naturally do best.

Schools create a dynamic, positive and engaging educational environment when participating teacher and staff member has the chance to identify, understand and apply their natural talents.

On-site on-campus training help teacher teams collaborate more effectively. They lead teachers and staff to use their strengths in ways that benefit everyone in the school community.

Once teachers and staff discover the power of handwriting analysis using graphology, they channel their efforts to empower students to do what they do best so they can succeed in academics and other aspects of the school.

To know more and to get started contact us now.


How to Eat Healthy:
Tips, Strategies, and More...

Let's take a look at how to eat healthy and put your plan into action!

As we begin to implement your plan, you will likely have some questions and concerns.  Our role as your mentor is to address as many of these here and now and introduce some basic strategies that will be helpful along your journey.

What's Your Best Healthy Diet Advice?

Are you a success story? Share your best tips and strategies on how to eat healthy here!

A Quick Tip:  Don't think of these as rules that must be followed for success.  Rather, treat these strategies for how to eat healthy as a play book of options that have proved to be successful in the past.  And by all means, if you have something in mind to help hit the ground running, don't be afraid to try it just because it is not listed below.

STRATEGY #1:  Clean Out Your (Pantry) Closet

In the past pages we've learned about our body's essential nutrients and created a plan for a healthy diet.  In order to start learning how to eat healthy, we'll use the valuable lists of Superfoods in conjunction with the daily food guide's traffic light to guide our food choices and help create a shopping list tailored to your tastes and preferences.

One of the best strategies to set yourself up for success is to clean out your pantry and kitchen of foods that have no place in your healthy diet plan.  Separation anxiety is common, but these junk foods will hinder your progress and create a lot of unnecessary temptation.

At the very minimum, make a compromise for yourself.  You will only buy food items that are on your shopping list in the future.  By adding more healthy foods to your diet, the unhealthy ones will eventually get crowded out.  You will effectively clean out your pantry either way.

We'll leave it up to you to choose:  Slow or fast.  Now, let's talk about how to write the all-important grocery list.

STRATEGY #2:  Shop Until You Drop...

Pick foods you know and love.  Pick foods you are familiar preparing.  Take a pledge to add something new to the basket or cart each time you go grocery shopping.  Expanding your horizons and experimenting will pay huge dividends maintaining your healthy diet plan in the long run.

Feel free to review the importance of Diversity along with the other Components of a Healthy Diet.

Every time you begin to question things, remind yourself that each small step is a step moving forward.  Small steps quickly add up to giant leaps!

STRATEGY #3:  Understand Hunger and its Feelings

We don't typically give too much thought to hunger.  When it comes, we eat to satisfy it.  Our body sends us psychological signals first and, if we ignore them long enough, we begin to experience physical fatigue.

But, what if we are mixing the signals up?

Next Time You GET HUNGRY, Remember...

Oftentimes, thirst gets mistaken for hunger. We eat food, and within minutes are feeling hungry again. Our bodies are actually craving fluid to satisfy thirst. Next time you feel hungry, drink a glass of water first before you eat.  It is shocking how much of how to eat healthy involves proper fluid intake.

Water is the only nutrient we haven't yet addressed specifically in your healthy diet plan.  However, it is arguably the most important and should not be discounted.  The general rule to avoid dehydration is to drink eight 8 oz. glasses per day.  This amounts to a half gallon or approximately 1 liter or fluid.

Treat this amount as a minimum daily intake, not as a goal to reach.  Not only are people of the modern diet chronically dehydrated, but also the kidneys in an adult are capable of filtering 15 liters (almost 8 gallons) of fluid per day.

Check out our article on Water Nutrition to calculate your Personalized Daily Intake Goal and learn our Top 5 Strategies to Increase your Water Intake.

STRATEGY #4:  You Are What You Eat... So Know What You Eat!

It's safe to assume that a key part of how to eat healthy for your diet is controlling the food you eat.  One of the biggest obstacles you will encounter along your journey is take control of what you do and do not put in your body.

The modern diet encourages eating prepared food.  In fact, about 2 out of every 3 meals we are prepared for us.  Several reasons are commonly cited by consumers for eating a majority of their food prepared for them.

This includes dining at sit-down restaurants,  fast food, carry-out and delivery as well as frozen, dried, and canned items from the market.

How many meals do you eat a day that are prepared by someone other than yourself?

Reasons We Eat Prepared Food

  1. Lack of Time in Schedule to Cook.

  2. Lack of Money to Buy All Ingredients for Meal from Scratch.

  3. Belief that Food Quality is just as Good.

  4. Inability to Cook.

This can present a big problem because when you eat out, you don't know how the food is prepared.  In cases where nutritional data is presented, it is often not straightforward and the nutritional quality of the food is very poor.

Dining out is part of our cultures, so don't expect to cut it completely out of your life.  That is simply unsustainable.  Try to cut the number of meals from your answer above in half.  If you eat meals prepared for you twice a day, make it once.  Pack a lunch and cook breakfast.

Realize there is no specific guideline, but rather think in terms that the less prepared foods you consume, the more you actually know about your diet, and the more you know about your diet, the more control you have to make that diet a healthy diet.

One caution...  Don't rationalize eating out the same amount or more by choosing more "healthy" options.  While a salad over a prime rib is in all likelihood a "healthier" choice, you still don't have the control and nutritional knowledge you would if you made that salad (Think dressing, croutons, cheeses, etc.)

A good strategy is to think of eating out as a luxury or splurge, not as a necessity to life or as home meal replacement.

Putting Strategies to Work for Your Healthy Diet Plan

First things first.  Our list of strategies and tips for how to eat healthy is always growing, so check back often.

That was quick, right?  Let's continue...

Treat our Daily Food Guide as a kitchen appliance you use... well, daily.  It will give you an idea of food groups put focus on, and in what proportions relative to other food groups.

These lists of foods will provide you with a wide variety of options to put your healthy diet plan into action and obtain the full puzzle piece.

› How to Eat Healthy


Top News On Mens Wedding Rings

Culture is a norm which is always followed by everyone regardless of new technology which arises. Wedding rings are believed to be worn on the fourth finger as a symbol of love and commitment. This norm of a man and a woman exchanging rings when marrying came before the institution of some world’s religions. During the old days Egyptians used plants materials sometimes from reeds found by the river to make a ring while today in modern Mens wedding rings come from treasurable metals or from decorated precious stones.

It is known that most men don’t wear jewelry apart from their wedding ring and a watch. If a man chooses to wear necklace or a bracelet it’s always plain with no designs. It is commonly seen as a taboo a man wearing jewelry but it depends on how the person carries himself and if the choice of jewelry matches the person. Women love designs and more decorations hence a woman can add more setting with diamond on their wedding band.

While Wedding rings

Different people view jewelry differently while to other they convey a certain meaning to them hence people should try to wear the correct jewelry of their taste and the one which suits them. At time the interpretation can be biased. Diamonds on Mens wedding rings can have a leading believe that men choose such design but have the venue simple. The most treasurable stone is diamond and if a couple settles on that as a symbol for love then it’s a personal decision.


Aosta Valley and Alpine Cuisine

Aosta Valley and Alpine Cuisine

We now wend our way into Italy’s smallest region: Aosta Valley. Located in the heart of the Alps, it borders with France, Switzerland and Piedmont. This region is home to the highest mountains in Europe: Mont Blanc (4,810 m), Monte Rosa (4,638 m), Cervino (4,478 m) and Gran Paraiso (4,061 m). Indeed, the stunning beauty of its landscape has made it the favorite tourist destination in the Alps. Aosta Valley has a typical Alpine geography. The landscape of the valley changes as we gain height: at lower altitudes, all kinds of crops are grown, while higher up, cattle graze in lush meadows. Cereals are grown at high altitudes, and the hills are blanketed with vineyards, chestnut groves and fruit trees, including apple and pear.

The first known inhabitants of Aosta Valley were the Salassi, a Celtic warrior tribe that fiercely resisted the entire Roman Empire from the 2nd century BC to 25 AD, when the army of Aulus Terentius Varro Murena defeated them. The Romans named the conquered region "Augusta Praetoria", and founded the region’s capital, "Augusta", now known as Aosta. After the Roman occupation, Aosta Valley enjoyed a period of self-rule, until the Goths and, later, the Lombards invaded the area. In the 5th century, the Burgundians, a Germanic tribe, conquered the region. The Franks defeated the Burgundians in 534, taking over Aosta Valley. Following the division of the land among Charlemagne's heirs in 870, the region became part of the Kingdom of Lotharingia. The Savoyards, who settled in this area in the 11th century, wished to honor local customs and traditions. To that end, they drafted the "Charte des Franchises", a statute that allowed for some self-rule. In the 13th century, the followers of Peter Waldo, a Protestant preacher from Lyon, founded a number of Waldensian communities in the area. For centuries, the region continued to belong to the House of Savoy, save for a brief period between 1539 and 1563, when it was occupied by the French. In 1861, it joined the Kingdom of Italy as part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. After several rebellions for independence, it was finally proclaimed an autonomous region in 1948.

The region has been coveted throughout its history, owing to its strategic location on the trade routes towards France and northern Europe. However, its geographical inaccessibility has enabled cultural isolation and preservation of its own customs and traditions. The four official languages, a local dialect, French, German and Italian, reflect the cultural influences that are shared in the region and provide clues about what to expect from its cuisine. Given its landscape, without lowlands plains, it comes as no surprise that the cuisine is monotonous and lacking in variety.

Aosta Valley's cuisine is very different from the prevailing notion of typical Italian cuisine. In general, it is a simple, country-style, hearty cuisine with a pastoral tradition with French and Swiss influences. The clearest example is the Fonduta made with Fontina, the region's most famous cheese. Fonduta is a dish with a long tradition and deep roots in this area. It intends to bring people together, sitting them around a bowl of melted cheese in which a piece of toasted bread is dipped. This dish is typical of cold climates, where shepherds melted scraps of hard cheese for a meal. This dish is commonly associated with Switzerland, but it also has an Italian version. The region also has a number of game dishes; however, game meat has been replaced by more common meats, such as Motzetta, owing to the scarcity of native fauna to prepare dishes and cold cuts. The Motzetta is a cured meat, originally made from ibex, the wild mountain goats of the Alps, and now from chamois. The city of Cogne is famous for this product, which consists of meat cured with salt, bay leaves, sage, garlic and rosemary for 2 weeks, then allowed to air-dry for a month in the Alpine mountains. It is then cut into slices and eaten with rye bread, the most common type in northern and central Europe, combined with excellent, local butter.

Sausages are also very popular, which again suggests a certain Germanic influence. The traditional sausages are hard and air-dried, and made from a mixture of lean pork and beef with butter, salt, pepper garlic, bay leaf and spices, and sometimes clove. They also make blood sausages (black pudding). The boudins from Morgex or Gignod are the best. Potatoes are the most common side dish for meats and other Aosta dishes. They pair very well with hearty mountain dishes and grow easily in most soils.

Although it is not possible to name all the dishes, broadly speaking, local cuisine depends entirely on the setting, rather than external influences. We enjoyed the simple heartiness of the dishes. Aosta Valley undoubtedly boasts a comforting and straightforward cuisine that is based on many other products, including honey, fruits, wines, spirits... For this reason, our journey through Aosta Valley will continue one more week. Would you like to join us on our trip through this region? To be continued…

45.7388878, 7.4261865999999

Valle de Aosta

Aosta Valley (Italian: Valle d'Aosta; French: Vallée d'Aoste, Arpitan: Val d'Outa; Valdostan patois: Val d'Outa; Walser: Ougschtaland) is a region with a special statute, that straddles both sides of the Dora Baltea basin in the western Alps, in northwest Italy. It borders France to the west (departments of Haute-Savoie and Savoie in the Rhone-Alpes region), Switzerland (districts of Entremont, Herens and Visp in the canton of Valais) to the north and the region of Piedmont (provinces of Turin, Biella and Vercelli) to the south. Its capital is Aosta. Aosta Valley is part of the Alps-Mediterranean Euroregion.

City: 127.836 hab.

Surface area: 3.263 kmª


New method to assess effectiveness of psychotherapies for social anxiety disorder

The effectiveness of psychotherapies for social anxiety disorder (SAD) is typically evaluated using self- and clinician-reported symptom change, while biomarkers of treatment response are rarely measured.

This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single-session group interventions for SAD - imagery rescripting and verbal restructuring versus waitlist control (WC). The imagery rescripting intervention guided participants to rescript autobiographical memories through visualization whilst the verbal restructuring intervention focused on thought challenging. Outcomes included changes in psychophysiological reactivity (heart rate variability and electrodermal responding) to social stress, and symptom-based measures (social interaction anxiety, negative self-portrayal, cognitive avoidance, repetitive negative thinking, memory modification, anxious behaviors).

Psychophysiological reactivity was selectively attenuated following imagery rescripting treatment, compared to verbal restructuring and control groups. The specific influence of the imagery-based intervention in modulating autonomic reactivity was evident across heart rate variability parameters, including the standard deviation of intervals between heartbeats, and high-frequency power - an indicator of parasympathetically mediated emotion regulation. Few group differences were observed across self-report measures.

The current study highlights the specificity of brief imagery-based interventions in influencing psychophysiological reactivity in SAD and establishes the sensitivity of objective markers of treatment response in quantifying change over symptom-based measurements.

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